WATER SEAL REQUIREMENT

The Submergence requirement for the Intakes is computed from the following Formulas :

Input Parameters
Velocity of Flow

10 m/s

Diameter of Intake

Bottom EL

10.5 m

Discharge

195
602.2 cumecs

Gordons Formula :
S

0.5

CVD

where C = 0.7245 for Unsymmmetrical approach

C = 0.5435 for Symmmetrical approach

a) Case (i)

Unsymmetrical Approach
S

0.5

= 0.7245 V D

= 0.7245 x 10 x sqrt( 10.5 )

23.48

Therefore Submergence depth

= Bottom EL + Diameter of Tunnel + Submergence
= EL ( 195 + 10.5 + 23.48 )
= EL 228.98
Case (ii)

Symmetrical Approach
0.5

S = 0.5435 V D

= 0.5435 x 10 x sqrt( 10.5 )

17.61

Therefore Submergence depth

= Bottom EL + Diameter of Tunnel + Submergence
= EL ( 195 + 10.5 + 17.61 )
= EL 223.11

IS Code Method as per IS:9761 of 1995

According to the Code the submergence depth is a function of Froude number
If Froude No < = 1/3

h=

1.5 D

If Froude No < = 1/3

h/D =

0.5 + 2 Fr

Fr

= 10 / sqrt( 9.81 x 10.5 )

0.985

Froude Number, Fr =

V
gD

S = ( 0.5 + 2 x 0.985 ) x 10.5

25.935 m
Therefore Submergence depth
= Bottom EL + Radius of Tunnel + Submergence
= EL ( 195 + 5.25 + 25.935 )
= EL 226.185

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WATER SEAL REQUIREMENT

Denny and Young
2

S = (0.151 + 0.305 V) D - 0.01V D

= ( 0.151 + 0.305 x 10 ) x 10.5 - ( 0.01 x ( 10 ^2 ) x 10.5 )
23.11
Therefore Submergence depth
= Bottom EL + Diameter of Tunnel + Submergence
= EL ( 195 + 10.5 + 23.11 )
= EL 228.61

Reddy and PickFord

0.5

S = 0.51 V D

+ 0.3 D

= 0.51 x 10 x sqrt ( 10.5 ) + 0.3 x 10.5

19.68
Therefore Submergence depth
= Bottom EL + Diameter of Tunnel + Submergence
= EL ( 195 + 10.5 + 19.68 )
= EL 225.18

Nagarkar
0.5 0.54

S = 4.40 ( V D

for V D

= 4.40 x ( 10 x sqrt ( 10.5 ) ) ^ 0.54

VD

0.5

0.5

< 25

28.79

32.4037
Formula Invalid

Therefore Submergence depth

= Bottom EL + Diameter of Tunnel + Submergence
= EL ( 195 + 10.5 + 28.79 )
= EL 234.29

Gulliver et al
S = D ( 0.5 + 0.4 V / (g D)

0.5

for Fr < 0.5

= 10.5 ( 0.5 + 0.4 x 10 / sqrt (9.81 x 10.5 ))

Fr = 0.985305

9.39

Fr > 0.5 NOT O.K.

Therefore Submergence depth

= Bottom EL + Diameter of Tunnel + Submergence
= EL ( 195 + 10.5 + 9.39 )
= EL 214.89

Rohan
2

S = D ( - 0.567 + 6.41 Fr - 3.051 Fr )

Fr = 0.985

= 10.5 ( - 0.567 + 6.41 x 0.985 - 3.051x ( 0.985 ^ 2)

29.26
Therefore Submergence depth
= Bottom EL + Diameter of Tunnel + Submergence
= EL ( 195 + 10.5 + 29.26 )
= EL 214.89

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