Arun Lukose

Reaction
Esterification

Reagents
Carboxylic Acid +
Alcohol

Products
Ester & Water/HCL

Phenol + Acylating
Agent (Acid
Anhydride or Acyl
Chlorides)

Ester & Water/HCL

Ester + Water

Compound +
Carbonate
Compound +
Iron (III) Chloride
Solution
Alcohol

Carboxylic Acid &

Alcohol
Carboxylate Salt &
Alcohol
Salt & Water &
Carbon Dioxide
Solution will turn
from yellow to
purple
Alkene & Water

Oxidation of
Primary Alcohols

Primary Alcohol

Aldehyde

Oxidation of
Aldehydes

Aldehyde

Carboxylic Acid

Oxidation of
Secondary
Alcohols
Test for
Aldehydes

Secondary Alcohol

Ketone

Compound +
Fehlings Solution

Reduction of
Aldehydes &
Ketones
Nucleophilic
Addition of
Aldehydes &
Ketones
Amide Formation

Aldehyde/Ketone +
NaBH4

Blue Colour will

change to form an
orange/brown
precipitate
Primary Alcohol/
Secondary Alcohol

Ester Hydrolysis

Ester + Alkali
Chemical Test For
Carboxylic Acids
Chemical Test For
Phenols
Dehydration of
Alcohols

Hydrolysis of
Amides

Aldehyde/Ketone +
Hydrogen Cyanide

Cyanohydrin

Amine + Acyl
Chloride/Carboxylic
Acid
Amide + Water

Amide +
HCL/Water

Amide + Water
Polyester
Formation
Polyamide

Diols +
Dicarboxylic Acids/
Diacyl chloride
Diamines +

Conditions
- Concentrated
Sulfuric Acid
- Heating Under
Reflux
- Acid Anhydride:
Heating Under
Reflux
- Acyl Chloride:
Room Temperature
- Both in anhydrous
conditions
Dilute Sulfuric Acid
- Hot Catalyst of
Alumina (300oC) or
Sulfuric Acid
- Acidified Solution
of Potassium
Dichromate
- Distillation
- Acidified Solution
of Potassium
Dichromate
- Acidified Solution
of Potassium
Dichromate
-

Carboxylic Acid +
Ammonium Ion
Carboxylate Ion +
Primary Amine
Polyester +
Water/HCL
Polyamide +

- Acid conditions
- Alkali Conditions
-

Arun Lukose
Formation
Hydrolysis of
Polyesters
Hydrolysis of
Polyamides

Dicarboxylic Acids/
Diacyl chloride
Polyester + Water
Polyamide + Water

Water/HCL
Dicarboxylic Acid/
Diol
Dicarboxylic Acid/
Diamine