T h e

L a n t h a n i d e s

ALSO KNOWN AS THE RARE EARTH ELEMENTS, THE LANTHANIDES ARE SILVE R, METALLIC ELEMENTS, AND CAN BE FOUND IN MINE RALS IN THE EARTHS CRUST

57
La

58
Ce

59
Pr

60
Nd

61
Pm

62
Sm

63
Eu

64
Gd

65
Tb

66
Dy

67
Ho

68
Er

69
Tm

70
Yb

71
Lu

Lanthanum

Cerium

Praseodymium

Neodymium

Prometheum

Samarium

Europium

Gadolinium

Terbium

Dysprosium

Holmium

Erbium

Thulium

Ytterbium

Lutetium

THE LANTHANIDES ALL FORM

STABLE +3 IONS
THE LANTHANIDES
HAVE ELECTRONS IN
T H E 4 f O R B I TA L
L E A DI NG TO T H E
LANTHANIDE CONTRACTION

SOME LANTHANIDES
ARE USED AS
COLOUR PHOSPHORS
IN SOME TV SCREENS

PHOSPHORESCENT
E URO P I UM & T E R BI UM
COMPOUNDS ARE USED IN
ANTI-COUNTERFEIT BANK NOTES
Pr3+

Nd3+

Pm3+ Sm3+

Tm3+

Ce4+

Eu3+

Dy3+

Eu2+

Ho3+

Er3+

Tb3+

NEODYMIUM ALLOYS
ARE USED TO MAKE
T H E S T R O NG E S T
PERMANENT MAGNETS
F OU ND I N LOU D S P E A K E R S
AND IN HEADPHONES

S E VE R A L O F T H E
L A NT HA NI DE S FO R M
C O LOU R E D I O N S

Eu

Eu

LANTHANIDES
R E AC T WI T H
O X Y G E N
T O G I V E

OXIDES

Ln2O3

Ce

Tb

Gd

L A N T HA N I DE
C OMP OU ND S
ARE USED TO

COLOUR
CERAMICS
& G L A S S

Yb

Er

Tb

Lu

Dy

Gd

Tm

Ho

MA N Y O F T H E L A N T HA N I D E S
W E R E
F O U N D
I N
M I NE R A L O R E S F R OM
A M I NE I N T H E VI L L AG E O F
Y T T E R B Y , S W E D E N
YTTE RBIUM, E RBIUM,
TE RBIUM & YTTRIUM
ARE ALL NAMED
AFTER YTTERBY

95%

IN 2010, CHINA
ACCOUNTED FOR
OF GLOBAL RARE EARTH
ELEMENT PRODUCTION

SAMARIUM & COBALT

A L LOY I S U S E D TO
MA K E T H E MAG NE T S
FOUND I N E L E C T R I C
G UI TA R P I C K- U P S
2014 COMPOUND INTEREST - WWW.COMPOUNDCHEM.COM