A bridge-type rectifier with an input voltage 220Vac and a transformer

turns ratio of 5:1 is terminated with a load RL=1k. Sketch the output
voltage and current across the load.

Solution:
Vpri = ( 2 ) ( 220 Vac )
Vpri = 311. 127 Vp

Ip = 62.23 Vp / 1 K
Ip = 62.23 mAp

Vsec = 311.127 (1 / 5)
Vsec = 62.23 VP

Determine the ripple factor of the circuit.

Solution:

Vpri = ( 2 ) ( 120 Vrms )

Vpri = 169.706 Vp
Vsec = 169.706 (1 / 1)
Vsec = 169.706 VP
Vsec/2 = 84.853 VP
Vr (pp) = 84.853/ [ ( 1.2 K ) ( 120 Hz ) ( 470 F ) ]
Vr(pp) = 1.25 Vpp
Vdc = Vsec/2 Vr(pp) / 2
Vdc =84.245 V
r = (1.25/84.825) (100 )
r= 1.484 %

84.
853 V

Sketch vo for the network of Fig. 2.153 and determine the dc

voltage available.

Solution
Positive half-cycle of vi:

Voltage-divider rule:
Vomax = (2.2 K) (Vimax) / ( 2.2 K + 2.2 K )
Vomax = (100 V) ; Vomax =50 V

Polarity of vo across the 2.2 K resistor acting as a load is the

same.
Voltage-divider rule:
Vomax = (2.2 K) (Vimax) / ( 2.2 K + 2.2 K )
Vomax = (100 V) ; Vomax =50 V
Vdc = 0.636Vm
Vdc = 0.636 (50 V)
Vdc = 31.8 V

Draw the output voltage of the bridge rectifier shown. Notice

that all diodes are reversed from previous circuits.

Vpri = ( 2 ) ( 110 Vrms )

Vpri = 155. 6 Vp
Vsec = 155.6 (1 / 5)
Vsec = 31.11 VP

Ip = 31.11 Vp / 1 K
Ip = 31.11 mAp

Determine VL, IL, IZ, IR, and the value of RL that will establish
maximum power conditions for the Zener diode for the network
Fig. if RL =180

Solution
In the absence of the Zener diode
VL = 180 (20 V) / (180 + 220 ) = 9 V
VL = 9 V < VZ = 10 V and diode non-conducting
Therefore, IL = IR = 20 V / ( 220 + 180 ) = 50 mA
With IZ = 0 mA
And VL = 9 V
P = 400 mW = VZ IZ = (10 V)(IZ)
IZ = 400 mW / 10 V = 40 mA
I

Lmin

=I

Rs

Zmax

= 45.45 mA 40 mA = 5.45 mA

RL = VL / Ilmin = 10 V / 5.45 mA = 1,834.86

Large RL reduces IL and forces more of IRs to pass through Zener
diode.

Design the network of Fig. to maintain VL at 12 V for a load

variation (IL) from 0 to 200 mA. That is, determine Rs and VZ.
Determine PZmax for the Zener diode of part.

Solution
VZ = 12 V, RL = Vl / I = 12V/ 200mA = 60
VL = VZ = 12 V = Rl Vi / ( Rl +Rs ) = 60 (16 V) / ( 60 + Rs )
720 + 12Rs = 960
12Rs = 240
Rs = 20
PZmax = (VZ ) ( IZmax )
PZmax = (12 V) (200 mA)
PZmax = 2.4 W