Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Spin Loading To Box Culverts
Spin Loading To Box Culverts
LOADING TO BOX-CULVERTS
University of Dar es Salaam
By Dr-Ing. JK Makunza
General Aspects
Box culverts are drainage structures which
consist of two horizontal slabs and two or more
vertical walls. The slabs and walls are built
monolithically, and are ideally installed for a road
or a railway bridge crossing with high
embankments crossing a stream with a limited
flow. Reinforced concrete rigid frame box
culverts with square or rectangular openings are
used up to spans of 4.0 m. The height of the
vent (h) with respect to Figure 1, generally does
not exceed 3.0 m.
2
ts
f
tw
standard fillet
f = 150 mm
Analysis Assumptions
Frame
The box culvert shall be analyzed, as a rigid frame
with all corner connections considered rigid.
Sidesway
Sidesway is not considered in the analysis
Section Properties
The centerlines of slab, walls and floor are used for
computing section properties and for dimensional
analysis. Standard fillets which are not required for
moment or shear or both shall not be considered in
computing section properties.
7
Minimum Thickness
The following minimum thickness shall be used
Top slab:
Design Loads
The structural design of a reinforced concrete box culvert
comprises the detailed analysis of rigid frame for moments,
shear forces and thrusts due to various types of loading
conditions outlined below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Concentrated Loads
Uniform Distributed Loads
Weight of Side Walls
Water Pressure Inside Culvert
Earth Pressure on Vertical Side Walls
Uniform Lateral Load on Side Walls
1. Concentrated Loads
In cases where the top slab forms the deck of the bridge,
concentrated loads due to the wheel loads of the BS 5400
HB type loading have to be considered.
If P = wheel load due to HB loading which include the
impact factor of.25%, the dispersal length = 1.75D, and D
= depth of soil fill, then the load intensity on the culvert
slab,
W = (P/(1.75D) kN/m
(1)
The soil reaction of the bottom slab is assumed to be
uniform. The notations used for the box culvert and the
type of loadings to be considered are shown in Figure 4
10
Concentrated Loads
P 1.80 m
P 1.80 m
Case 1(a)
1.75 D
Case 1(b)
11
Fill depth
The weight of embankment, wearing coat and, deck slab and the track
load are considered to be uniformly distributed loads on the top slab
with the uniform soil reaction on the bottom slab. Minimum D = 300 mm
BS 5400 HA Loading
s.D
HA - KEL
w/m 2
w/m 2
Case 2
HA - Udl
kN/m
12
Case 3
p/m 2
p/m 2
Case 4
Figure 7: Water pressure
where w = density of
water and h is the depth of
flow.
p/m2
Case 5
p/m2
1 sin
Soil pressure, p s h
1 sin
15
p/m2
p/m 2
Case 6
1 sin
16
17
q
q
qi
Mk
Mi
Mi
Mk
ql
ql
2
ql
2
ql
0.35 ql
0.15 ql
0.15 ql
qk
0.35qi 0.15qk l
0.35 ql
0.15qi 0.35qk l
2
ql
2
ql
12
20
30
1.5 q i q k 2
l
30
2
ql
2
ql
12
30
20
9q i 1.5 q k 2
l
30
18
Mk
q
q
Mk
3ql
5 ql
2
ql
11
ql
40
9
ql
40
2
7
ql
ql
2ql
2
ql
10
qi
qk
11q i 4q k
40
9q i 16 q k
40
120
15
7 q 8q k 2
i
l
120
19
Conclusion: