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Otc 21152
Otc 21152
Abstract
Using big pump to enhanced liquid is a important workover in the developing of the complicated fluvial facies viscosity
reservoirs, especially in medium-high water cut period, the reasonable magnitude of enhanced liquid and the regularity of
increasing oil production are probed for different type reservoirs by numerical simulations. Based on this study, some wells
are selected to do field tests, which have resulted in good effects of increasing oil production, providing a theoretical
guidance and abundant experiences for effectively developing offshore heavy oilfields with different types of reservoirs.
On the base of the numerical simulation and the actual field tests, others oil field with bottom water / edge water / injection
water/rigid water can use the pressure differential optimization conclusions to improve the oil production.
A number of medium-high water cut wells were optimized to enhanced liquid in QHD32-6 field after identifying the using
big pump conditions. These wells display significant higher oil production with big pump and slower increase of water cut.
Now the success fate is 92%, the incremental oil rate from 10m3 to 65m3 , the cumulative oil is 15104m3.
The simulation and the field test verified the pressure differential is different in different oil type reservoir, for QHD 32-6 oil
field, the pressure differential is about 2MPa in injection water reservoirs, 2.5MPa in edge water reservoirs, 2.5MPa to 3MPa
in bottom water reservoir, and possible pressure differential under capable disposal in rigid water reservoirs.
Both simulations and field data demonstrate that the medium-high water cut wells can improve the increasing oil by
applicable big pump under the pressure differential optimization, the OOIP, the energy, the oil viscosity and the
heterogeneity are also have great impact on the pressure differentia optimization. Now the QHD32-6 oil field big pump
workover have significantly improved oil production, which provides the theoretical and production data for development
optimization of different oil type reservoirs in Bohai Bay.
1 Introduction
QHD32-6 [1] oil field is located in the center area of the Bohai Bay, with 20m average water depth. It is a joint venture
between China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC) and Chevron. The Oil Field geographically is divided into 3 areas:
North, South, and West area. The main producing formations are Ming (Nm) and Guantao (Ng). Nm formation is fluvial
depositional reservoirs with meandering channels, multiple sand systems and complex oil/water systems, while Ng is a
fluvial sand deposition with braided channels and strong bottom water.
Fluid type is typical heavy oil characterized by the following properties. In the reservoir condition oil has high density
(0.903-0.926 g/cm3), and high viscosity (43-260mpa.s), and low soluble gas/oil ratio (13-24m3/m3). Reservoir porosity of Nm
is 0.25-0.45, and permeability of Nm is 100-11487 10-3m2, and porosity of Ng is 0.25-0.43, and permeability of Ng is
500-1844310-3m2. The difference of formation pressure and bubble pressure is about 2-5MPa. There are complex oil
water contacts in the reservoir.
QHD32-6 Oil Field was put into the production in 2001-2002 by stages. The average water cut of the whole field is 81% by
the end of 2008, with average 7.6% of recovery factor. Now the field has edge water and injects water, and some zones have
bottom water problems. How to get good production in medium-high water cut period is very important, in fact, there are
many workover that we can do, including water flooding, infill wells, water-shut off and so on, except for those methods.
OTC 21152
Using big pump to enhanced liquid is an important workover in the developing of the complicated fluvial facies heavy oil
reservoirs when the oil field water cut more than 80%.
Through the work done in this paper we were able to identify the timing for increasing pump rate by water displacing oil
physical experiment result, the water inflow mechanisms by analytical methods, the optimum drawdown by simulation and
field production test.
The water inflow mechanisms were further validated by using analytical methods for the fluid tracking and hence
recommend appropriate remedial actions with greater confidence.
The approaches taken towards production optimization were different for the bottom water, edge water, waterflooding
support, rigid water support reservoirs as is detailed in this study. The production responses from the proposed wells are also
shown. At the end, we present the summary and some conclusions from this study.
2 Feasibility study of using big pump
The requirements to implement big ESP:
Sufficient formation energy;
Pay zones supply enough fluids [2]. QHD32-6
oilfield was divided into North, South and West three areas, the total geology reserve is 1.7 108m3, it has the edge water
support, bottom water support, waterflooding support. The North area has been injected water for 7 years, result with the
formation pressure steady increase; the energy edge water of South area is strong, the saddle area has been injected water for
6 years, the lower area pressure is steady increasing, the energy bottom water of West area is abundant, the decline of
formation pressure is slow. All in all, the big ESP could be installed in QHD32-6 when the water cut rising while the oil rate
decreasing.
2.1 The mechanism to optimize heavy oil recovery by big pump
To simplify the model, suppose the two-phase water & oil flow physical model as: only the water and oil be considered in
the whole flow process is steady flow. The injection
reservoir;
flat radial flow, the flow accord with Darcy Law [3];
water drive reservoir (1-b) and edge water drive reservoir (1-a) is similar, use edge water reservoir as an example, the bottom
water drive reservoir and rigid water is similar, use the bottom water drive reservoir as an example. Due to the flow ratio of
oil and water is big, the edge water slowly drive to close the well bore under the condition of low production rate and low
draw down; when the production draw down is high, the edge water will move fast toward to the well bore along with low
resistance channels, result with water break through.
When the edge water close to the wellbore, two flow conditions exists in the zone: The 1st condition is hw part, this part is oil
water two-phase flow, belong to edge water drive; the 2nd condition is ho part, the distribution saturation of oil and water
dominates the mechanism of vadose. Hence the well production calculation was separated two parts, base on the flat radial
flow production formula, the expression is:
ln( e ) + S
ln( ) + S
B
B
o
o
o
o
Rw
Rw
(1)
From formula (1):when the water cut exceed 80, the mainly production is from ho, so increase the production draw down
is useful way to increase the well production rate.
For the bottom water drive reservoir(1-c), due to the oil water flow ratio is high, when the production draw down exceed the
critical draw down, the oil water contact move up in the reservoir uniformity, slowness and wide range, and form steady
water cone under the well bore. With the production increasing, the water cone high on original oil and water contact grow
up, till reach to certain production, the water cone become unstable, the bottom water enter into well bore. Two flow
conditions exist around the well bore: 1st condition is a part, hemisphere flow, due to the flow ratio of water and oil if big,
most of flow are water phase flow, oil phase is small, the oil production could be ignore;2nd condition is ho part, the
distribution saturation of oil and water dominate the mechanism of vadose. Hence the production is dominated by Ho part,
the expression:
Qo =
542.87 KK ro ( S w )ho p
R
o Bo ln( e ) + S
Rw
(2)
OTC 21152
OTC 21152
3)
4)
OTC 21152
Waterflooding
Edge water
support
Bottom water
support
Rigid water
support
Producer
limited
conditions
fixed DD,
Pmin=6.0MPa
fixed DD,
Pmin=6.0MPa
fixed DD,
FPmin=6.0MPa
Prodction
time
Economic limited
IWR
IWR at
85%*FMP
from 0.6,0.8,1.0
to 1.2
1.0
0.98
from 0.6,0.8,1.0
to 1.2
1.0
0.98
1.0
0.98
fixed DD,
Pmin=6.0MPa
Liquid rate500m3/d
Water cut(%)
Liquid rate200m3/d
Liquid rate300m3/d
Liquid rate300m3/d
Liquid rate100m3 /d
Liquid rate200m3/d
1.5MPa
2.0MPa
2.5MPa
3.0MPa
1.5MPa
2.0MPa
2.5MPa
3.0MPa
1.5MPa
2.0MPa
2.5MPa
3.0MPa
3.5MPa
0.5MPa
1.0MPa
1.5MPa
2.0MPa
2.5MPa
3.0MPa
Liquid rate100m3 /d
Drawdown
Liquid rate500m3/d
Water cut(%)
Fig.2: The oil production rate and water cut curve under different pump rate
OTC 21152
1.0
100
Kro
Krw
fw
80
0.6
60
0.4
40
0.2
20
fw(%)
Kro Krw
0.8
0.0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sw(%)
1000
4 3
x10 m
900
800
700
600
1.5MPa
2.0MPa
2.5MPa
3.0MPa
500
2028
2027
2026
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
1100
DATE
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
rate
Oil production
recovery
ratio
1.28
1.10
0.82
1.5MPa
0.95
2.0MPa
2.5MPa
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
Recovery ratio
%
Fig.4: The relationship between cumulative oil and drawdown in North area
3.0MPa
x10 4 m 3
Fig.5: The relationship between oil production rate and recovery ratio according to P value in North area
DATE
Fig.6: The relationship between cumulative oil and drawdown in West area
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
1.5MPa
1.06
1.10
3.0MPa
3.5MPa
0.97
0.85
0.69
recovery ratio
2.0MPa
2.5MPa
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
Recovery ratio
%
OTC 21152
1100
4 3
x10 m
1000
900
800
700
600
1.5MPa
2.0MPa
2.5MPa
3.0MPa
500
2028
2027
2026
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
Fig.7: The relationship between oil production rate and recovery ratio according to P value in West area
DATE
Fig.8: The relationship between cumulative oil and drawdown in South area
125
100
x104m3
150
75
50
0.5MPa
1.5MPa
2.5MPa
25
1.0MPa
2.0MPa
3.0MPa
0
2028
2027
2026
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
DATE
Line 12
Line 34
Fig.10: Well location map
OTC 21152
Fig.11: Production profile after using big pump in edge water support reservoir
1200
1450
1455
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
Incremental oil
74m3/d
B27 Track
1460
ASL-m
1465
1470
1475
1480
11m
1485
OW C
1490
-1 4 8 4 m
1495
1500
Fig.12: QHD32-6-B27 production performance before and after the dropdown optimization
750
13
15
14
1000
750
14
600
10
500
10 550
500
250
Expiration date
days
Incremental oil
3
m
20
0
Edge water
support
Bottom water
support
Waterflooding
water
Rigid
support
support
Fig.13: Incremental oil and expiration date in different oil reservoirs after using big pump in QHD32-6 oil field