Summary 3-117 till 3-120

Filters
A rectifier is an electrical device that rectify AC voltage to DC voltage.
There are many type rectifier like full- wave rectifier, half- wave rectifier,
bridge type rectifier and three- Phase rectifier. The output voltage of those
rectifier are pulsating DC voltage. to make this pulsating output voltage
more constant and useful they use filters.
Capacitor- input filters
The capacitor- input filter is a capacitor that is installed parallel with the
lood so it can discharge on the lood. The capacitor charge when the
pulsating output voltage of the rectifier rise from zero to peek and
discharge when the voltage begin to drop to zero. The capacitor input
filter work the same on full wave as on a half wave rectifier.
choke- input filter
A choke is a device when it is connected in series with the load it
opposed any change in the load current. They use that characteristic of
the choke to smooth out the DC so it remains at a constant value.
PI filters
The pi filter is that combine capacitor and choke. With this arrangement
you get a better and smoother DC output.
Amplifiers
Amplifiers are devices that amplify a frequency from small to large. To do
this they use a transistor.