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Multi-Carrier CDMA: CCU Wireless Comm. Lab
Multi-Carrier CDMA: CCU Wireless Comm. Lab
Multi-carrier CDMA
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
Chapter 9
) 9 Multi-carrier CDMA
A9.1 Multiple Access
A9.2 OFDM FDMA
A9.3 OFDM TDMA
A9.4 OFDM CDMA / Multi-carrier CDMA Systems
9.4.1 MC-CDMA System
9.4.2 Multi-carrier DS-CDMA System
9.4.3 Multi-tone CDMA System
9.4.4 System features comparison
A9.5 Differences between OFDM and MC-CDMA
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
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) Multiple Access
AEnable many mobile users to share simultaneously radio
spectrum.
AProvide for the sharing of channel capacity between a
number of transmitters at different locations.
AAim to share a channel between two or more signals in
such way that each signal can be received without
interference from another.
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Wireless Comm. Lab.
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Wireless Comm. Lab.
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Wireless Comm. Lab.
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Wireless Comm. Lab.
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Wireless Comm. Lab.
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Wireless Comm. Lab.
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) OFDM FDMA
AIn FDMA-OFDM system,the base station assigns each user
a different group of subchannels.
AFor instance, if each user assigned equal number of
subcarriers P and the total number of subcarriers is M,
then the maximum number of active user in such system is
limited to M/P.
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
2/2
)OFDM FDMA
x bits
IFFT
P/S
#
#
x bits
r
e
t
r
e
v
n
o
c
p
U
#
#
signal
Mapper
n
o
i
t
r
e
s
n
I
l
a
v
r
e
t
n
I
d
r
a
u
G
S/P
Channel
r
e
t
r
e
v
n
o
c
n
w
o
D
x bits
user 2
data
r
e
t
l
i
F
s
s
a
p
w
o
L
&
A
/
D
signal
Mapper
r
e
t
l
i
F
s
s
a
p
w
o
L
&
D
/
A
S/P
l
a
v
o
m
e
R
l
a
v
r
e
t
n
I
d
r
a
u
G
user1
data
user i
S/P
FFT
Freqencyselection
signal
Mapper
data
P/S
#
#
userM
data
S/P
signal
Mapper
10
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
1/2
) OFDM TDMA
AIn TDMA-OFDM system, the base station assigns each
user different time slots, and each user occupied the whole
bandwidth, i.e., all subcarriers.
11
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
De-interleaving
signal Mapper
P/S
Down-converter
Guard Interval
Removal
S/P
Up-converter
Guard Interval
Insertion
P/S
signal
Mapper
IFFT
interleavin
g
S/P
#
#
M
U
X
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
12
user i
data
D
E
M
U
X
FF
T
Channel
Data
2/2
User1
Data
User2
User M
Data
1/13
13
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
2/13
t
1
3
2
9
8
f2
10
f3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 f10
1
2
a1
a1
a1
a1
a1
a1
a1
f4
f5
t
1
3
2
7
8
f6
f7
10
f8
a1
a1
a1
f9
t
3
2
7
6
f10
9
8
10
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
3/13
) MC-CDMA System
A Frequency domain spreading
A The resulting spectrum of each subcarrier can satisfy the
orthogonality condition with the minimum frequency separation.
A In a (synchronous) down-link mobile radio communication channel,
we can use Hadamard Walsh codes as an optimum orthogonal set.
A It can be implemented via OFDM technique.
A Its a potential candidate for the 4th wireless communication system.
15
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
4/13
) MC-CDMA System
c1
(a) Transmitter
cos(2 f1t )
cos(2 f 2t )
c2
Input Data
Stream
b j (i )
Copier
j
s MC
(t )
GMC
cN
cos(2 f N t )
j
Mc
( t ) = b j ( i ) cmj
i = m =1
ps ( t iTs ) cos ( 2 ( f 0 + m+ f ) t )
+f =
(b) Power spectrum of transmitted signal
f1
f2
f3
1
Ts
fN1 f N
16
frequency
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
5/13
) MC-CDMA System
(c) Receiver
cos(2 f 1t )
q 1j
LPF
cos(2 f 2 t )
q 2j
LPF
Received
Signal
ym
cos(2 f N t )
D j
q Nj
LPF
17
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
6/13
18
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
7/13
j
MD
i = k =1 m =1
p c ( t ( m 1) Tc iTs)
cos {2
s MD ( t )
Serial to
Parallel
Converter
cos(2 f N t )
c j (t )
f1
f2
N c G MD
( t ) = bkj ( i ) cmj
cos(2 f 2 t )
c j (t )
Input Data
Stream
b j (i )
cos(2 f1t )
c (t )
(a) Transmitter
fN1 f N
f3
19
f ' =
1
TC
TC =
N CTS
GDS
( f 0 + k + f ) t}
frequency
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
8/13
(c) Receiver
cos(2 f1t )
c j (t )
LPF
cos(2 f 2t )
D1
c j (t )
LPF
Received
Signal
D2
Parallelto-Serial
Conveter
y (t )
cos(2 f N t )
c j (t )
LPF
20
DN
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
9/13
21
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
10/13
c (t)
c o s ( 2 f 1t )
j
MD
N c G MD
( t ) = bkj ( i ) cmj
i = k =1 m =1
p c ( t ( m 1) Tc iTs)
c o s( 2 f 2 t )
c j (t)
In p u t D a ta
S tre a m
M u lti-to n e C D M A
S y s te m
sMT (t)
S e ria l to
P a ra lle l
C o n v e rte r
cos {2
( f 0 + k + f ) t }
c o s( 2 f N t )
c j (t)
t
(b) Power spectrum of transmitted signal
f1 f2 f 3
fN1 f N
22
frequency
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
11/13
cos(2 f1t )
Rake Combiner 1
cos(2 f 2t )
Rake Combiner 2
Received
Signal
Parallelto-Serial
Conveter
cos(2 f N t )
Rake Combiner N
23
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
12/13
DS-CDMA
Symbol
Chip
Subcarrier
Duration The Number
Processing Gain
of Subcarrier
Duration Separation
at
Subcarrier
Ts
(1)
Ts
GDS
GDS
GDS
1
Ts
MC-CDMA
Ts
Multicarrier
DS-CDMA
NcTs
Nc
MT-CDMA
NcTs
Nc
GMD = GDS
NcTs
GMT = NcGDS Ts
24
Required Bandwidth
GDS
GDS
GDS
1
NcTs
NcTs
Ts
Nyquist Filter
( Nc + 1)
( Nc 1)
GDS
( NcTs )
+2
Nc
Ts
GDS
Ts
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
13/13
N c + 1)
(
1
BW = , B =
Ts
Ts
A Multi-carrier DS-CDMA
A MT-CDMA
BW
f1
f2
BW =
G DS
G DS
, B = ( N c + 1)
( N c Ts )
( N c Ts )
G DS
G DS ( N c 1)
+
BW =
, B=2
Ts
Ts
N cTs
BW
fNc
f1 f2
fNc
B
25
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
1/2
cos(2 f1t )
cos(2 f 2t )
c2
Input Data
Stream
b j (i )
Copier
j
s MC
(t )
cN
cos(2 f N t )
sMC (t)
Input Data
BaseBand
Modulator
S/P
1:N
cn (t )
26
OFDM
Modulator
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
2/2
27
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.
References
) [1] Richard van Nee and Ramjee Prasad, OFDM Wireless Multimedia Communication, Artech House
Boston London
) [2] Ahmad R.S. Bahai and Burton R. Saltzberg, Multi-carrier Digital Communications Theory and
Applications of OFDM, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
) [3] L. Hanzo, W. Webb and T. Keller, Single- and multi-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation
Principles and applications for personal communications, WLANs and broadcasting, John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd, 2000.
) [4] Prasad R. and Hara SP., An overview of multi-carrier CDMA, Spread Spectrum Techniques and
Applications Proceedings, IEEE 4th International Symposium on, vol.1, pp. 107 114, 1996.
28
CCU
Wireless Comm. Lab.