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Science 2200 Weather Notes 2
Science 2200 Weather Notes 2
Science 2200 Weather Notes 2
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Advection
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EM waves from the Sun reach Earth, some is reflected off the
atmosphere and clouds back into space; some pass through the
atmosphere and bounce off Earths surface; some get absorbed by
the atmosphere, the ground, or the water at the surface.
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All of Earths water, both fresh and salt, forms what is called
the hydrosphere.
About 70% of Earths surface is covered by water.
Freshwater makes up 2.5% of the total water on Earth. Most
of this occurs as polar ice.
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Precipitation Worksheet
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A Psychrometer measures
relative humidity
Two thermometers
One dry, one kept wet
Spun in the air, temp drops
The difference between the
two is used to find relative
humidity
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Weather satellite
Weather Balloons
Computers
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Bernoulli's principle:
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2. Frontal:
form at the frontal zone where two large
air masses meet.
The warmer air mass is forced to rise up
over the cooler air mass.
It expands and cools resulting in the
formation of condensation.
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3. Orographic:
formed because of geography when air is
forced to rise up a large hill or
mountain.
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altocumulus
stratocumulus
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cumulonimbus
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Assignment:
Cloud Formation
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Humidity:
a measure of the amount of
water vapor in the air
Warm air can hold more
moisture then cold air
Relative Humidity:
The measure of the amount
of water vapor compared to
the Maximum amount
possible
Saturated Air
Relative humidity is 100%
Over 100% results in condensation
Dew Point
Temp at which dew forms
As air gets colder, it holds less moisture
Releases excess as dew
Relative Humidity
concentration
x100%
maximum concentration
Ex 1:
What is the relative humidity if 1.9 g/kg of water in air is present at 0oC?
Ex 2:
What is the conc of H2O in the air at 20oC if the relative humidity is 50%?
Dry Bulb
Wet Bulb
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Relative
Humidity
Higher humidity
causes perspiration to evaporate slowly.
Sweating doesnt cool us as well
Low humidity
Air is dryer
Skin may be uncomfortable
Humidex:
Reports how hot the humidity makes us feel
Hail:
created in
cumulonimbus clouds
Frozen raindrops are
circulated up and down
Layers of ice are formed
Dew:
Water vapour condenses
near the ground as the
air cools
Cold Days : Frost
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Spin
The earth rotates east to west.
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Normal Year
El Nio Year
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Thermal:
A local convection current set up during the
day
The sun heats the ground, causing the air to
rise
Worksheet # 6 Wind
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Section 13.9
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Another spill
occurred in
1999.
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Weather System:
A set of weather variables that move as a unit for a
few days
Air Mass:
Large body of air in which temp and moisture is
fairly uniform
Air Masses
Maritime Polar
(West Coast)
Maritime Polar
(East Coast)
Continental Polar
Maritime Tropical
(West Coast)
Maritime Tropical
(East Coast)
Continental Tropical
Temperature
Moisture
Content
Front:
Cold front:
the boundary
between a cold air mass and a
warm air mass
Occluded Front
cold front catches
up with a warm
front; the warm air
is lifted above the
earths surface and
is cut off (occluded)
from the cooler air
below
A: Warm and
Cold front meet
B:Main Stage:
Warm air is
pushed up, lots
of precipitation
C: Occluding
Stage: Storm
weakens as
fronts combine
D:Final Stage
Flow of air
dissipates,
storm ends
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