2.4.7.3.4.

2 Design Approach 1
(1)P Except for the design of axially loaded piles and anchors, it shall be verified that a limit
state of rupture or excessive deformation will not occur with either of the following
combinations of sets of partial factors:
Combination 1: A1 + M1 + R1
Combination 2: A2 + M2 + R1
where + implies: to be combined with.
NOTE In Combinations 1 and 2, partial factors are applied to actions and to ground strength
parameters.

(2)P For the design of axially loaded piles and anchors, it shall be verified that a limit state of
rupture or excessive deformation will not occur with either of the following combinations of sets
of partial factors:
Combination 1: A1 + M1 + R1
Combination 2: A2 + (M1 or M2) + R4
NOTE 1 In Combination 1, partial factors are applied to actions and to ground strength parameters. In
Combination 2, partial factors are applied to actions, to ground resistances and sometimes to ground
strength parameters.
NOTE 2 In Combination 2, set M1 is used for calculating resistances of piles or anchors and set M2 for
calculating unfavourable actions on piles owing e.g. to negative skin friction or transverse loading.

(3) If it is obvious that one of the two combinations governs the design, calculations for the
other combination need not be carried out. However, different combinations may be critical to
different aspects of the same design.
STR/GEO