Hng dn to my o bng VirtualBox

(Bi ot gii nht Cuc thi vit bi Chuyn mn K thut [KT01]

Tc gi: tm79 - Hong Mnh t)
Nhc n phn mm to my o khng th nhc ti Virtual Box. Hng dn s dng chi
tit cng vi nhng chia s kinh nghim c gi tr trong vic to my o bng Virtual Box
l yu t quyt nh gip bi vit ot gii nht cuc thi CMKT.

Contents
I. Tng quan v cng ngh o ha my o
II. Gii thiu my o Oracle VM VirtualBox
III. Ci t VirtualBox v cc thnh phn b sung cn thit
1.Ci t VirtualBox
2.Ci t VirtualBox Extension Pack
3.Tho ci t VirtualBox
IV. Qun l my o v Ci t h iu hnh trn my o
1.To mt my o mi
2.Ci HH Windows XP cho my o Windows XP mi c to bn trn
V. S dng my o
1.Ci t Guest Additions
2.Snapshots
3.S dng my o VirtualBox
3.1.M my Tt my
3.2.Chn thit b boot
3.3.Cc lnh c bn trong ca s giao din chnh my o
3.3.1.Nhm lnh Machine
3.3.2.Nhm lnh Devices
3.4.Mt s thit lp phn cng o c bn cho my o
3.5.Truy cp internet v b sung mt s thnh phn, bn v cn thit cho HH
VI. Tng kt
Ti Liu Tham Kho
I. Tng quan v cng ngh o ha my o:
II. Gii thiu my o Oracle VM VirtualBox:
III. Ci t VirtualBox v cc thnh phn b sung cn thit:

Trang ch phn mm VirtualBox: http://www.virtualbox.org/

Phin bn mi nht thi im hin ti (03/07/2011) l 4.0.10.
Trang download: http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
Bi vit ny thc hin minh ha trn Windows 7 32-bit, trn cc phin bn
Windows khc thc hin tng t.
Ti v VirtualBox 4.1.10 dnh cho Windows (32-bit v 64-bit) dung lng
79.4 MB:http://download.virtualbox.org/virtu...-72479-Win.exe

1. Ci t VirtualBox:
Kch hot file VirtualBox-4.0.10-72479-Win.exe tin hnh ci t.
Chn Yes khi tnh nng UAC yu cu xc nhn.

Chn Next tip tc, Canel hy b ci t.

Gi nguyn cc thit lp ci t mc nh, nhn Next tip tc, Cancel hy b ci

t, Back quay li bc trn, c th thay i th mc ci t bng cch nhn vo
Browse.

Nhn Next tip tc, Cancel hy b ci t, Back quay li bc trn.

Qu trnh ci t s ngt v khi ng li kt ni mng do s nh hng n cc kt

ni mng ang din ra, bn kim tra li c ang thc hin tc v mng no khng
(download, cp nht phn mm/Windows, game,)? Chn Yes tip tc, No hy b
ci t.

Nhn Install bt u qu trnh ci t, Cancel hy b ci t, Back quay li

bc trn.

Trong qu trnh ci t, Windows s yu cu xc nhn cc tin trnh ci t thit b o.

nh du chn ty chn Always chp nhn tt c, khng xc nhn li, sau nhn
Install tin hnh ci t.

Ci t thnh cng, nhn Finish khi chy VirtualBox.

2. Ci t VirtualBox Extension Pack:
my o c th s dng USB 2.0, tnh nng VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol, Intel
PXE boot ROM cn ci t VirtualBox Extension Pack.
Ti v VirtualBox 4.0.10 Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack dung lng 3.36
MB:http://download.virtualbox.org/virtu...6.vbox-extpack
Kch hot file Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.0.10-72436.vboxextpack tin hnh ci t:

Nhn Install ci t, Cancel hy b.

Nm ko thanh cun xung di cng kch hot nt I Agree sau nhn vo ci

t, nhn I Disagree hy b.
Chn Yes khi UAC ca Windows yu cu xc nhn.

Ci t thnh cng, nhn OK hon tt.

3. Tho ci t VirtualBox:
tho ci t VirtualBox, tt tt c my o ang hot ng, thot giao din chnh
VirtualBox Manager, sau vo Control Panel >> Uninstall a program:

Chn VirtualBox sau nhn Uninstall tin hnh tho ci t.

IV. Qun l my o v Ci t h iu hnh trn my o:
Khi ng VirtualBox bng cch nhn p chut vo biu tng Oracle VM VirtualBox
trn mn hnh hoc lin kt trong Start >> All Programs:

1. To mt my o mi:
Bi vit ny hng dn to mt my o chy HH Windows XP 32-bit v y l HH
cn rt ph bin, a s cc ng dng (k c virus) u c th thc thi trn Windows XP.
Windows XP yu cu cu hnh khng qu cao, do c th thit lp cu hnh my o
thp vn m bo yu cu, khng chim nhiu ti nguyn my tht khi chy my o =>
c th s dng trn a s my tnh.

Trn giao din chnh ca chng trnh, nhn vo nt lnh New.

Nhn vo Next.

Mc Name: Nhp tn my o.
Mc Operating System: Chn HH mun ci t ( y chn Microsoft Windows).
Mc Version: Chn phin bn cho HH chn bn trn ( y chn Windows XP).
Lu : VirtualBox h tr my o ci HH 64-bit trn c my tht ci HH 32-bit, tuy
nhin yu cu vi x l ca my tht phi c h tr cng ngh o ha. Lc ny s c ty
chn cho php chn HH 64-bit trn my o (bi vit thc hin trn my vi x l khng
h tr cng ngh o ha nn khng c ty chn HH 64-bit).
Nhn Next tip tc.

Dung lng RAM c khuyn co l 192 MB, tuy nhin nu dung lng RAM tht nhiu,
c th tng dung lng RAM o ln my o hot ng nhanh hn. y chn dung
lng RAM o l 256 MB.
Dung lng RAM my o c th thay i sau khi to my o thnh cng.
Lu : Khi my o hot ng, dung lng RAM o ny s c ly t RAM tht, do
phi m bo rng RAM tht lun cn li t nht t 256 MB trng tr ln hot ng
(cn ty thuc vo my tht s dng HH no, yu cu RAM ti thiu l bao nhiu?).
Nhn Next tip tc.

Mc nh ty chn Create new hard disk: To cng o mi.

cng o s c lu thnh file *.vdi trn cng tht.
(C th chn ty chn Use existing hard disk nu to cng o trc y).
Nhn Next tip tc.

To cng o mi. Nhn Next tip tc.

Dynamically expanding storage (nn chn): cng o loi dung lng m rng. V d
thit lp cng o dung lng 10 GB, vi ty chn ny file cng o (.vdi) s c dung
lng tng dn khi c ghi d liu vo, ti a l 10 GB.
Fixed-size storage: cng o loi dung lng c nh. V d thit lp cng o dung
lng 10 GB, vi ty chn ny file cng o (.vdi) s c dung lng ban u v c nh
l 10 GB, mc d cha ghi d liu g c.
Nhn Next tip tc.

Xc nh v tr lu tr v t tn file cng o mc Location. Nhn vo nt lnh mu

vng cnh khung Location chn v tr lu tr, t tn cho file cng o, y
l Windows XP.vdi
Xc nh dung lng cho cng o, y chn 10 GB.
Nhn Next tip tc.

To a o thnh cng, nhn Finish tip tc.

To my o thnh cng, nhn Finish hon tt.

My o tn Windows XP, dng ci HH Windows XP c to vi cc cu hnh phn

cng o c lit k khung bn phi.
Nn gi cc thit lp mc nh c nh sn xut la chn. Sau khi ci HH, ta s c
mt s thit lp b sung sau.
2. Ci HH Windows XP cho my o Windows XP mi c to bn trn:
Chun b: B ci t Windows XP dng file ISO hoc a CD ci t Windows XP.
Khuyn co s dng b ci gc ca Microsoft, khng qua chnh sa m bo tnh n
nh v bo mt cho h thng.
c b ci gc, tham kho: http://forum.bkav.com.vn/showthread....link-duy-nhat ci t, v cu hnh, sao lu my o s dng HH Windows XP cc bn c th thc
hin theo hng dn ti y
V. S dng my o:

1. Ci t Guest Additions:
Guest Additions c ci t vo HH trn my o nh mt h thng trnh iu khin
thit b nhm cung cp mt s tnh nng cao cp, gip tin li trong qu trnh s dng:

Chuyn i chut qua li gia my tht v my o d dng, ch cn di chuyn

chut ra khi ca s my o hoc ngc li (trc y phi bm phm Ctrl bn
phi trn bn phm).
Trao i d liu qua li gia my tht v my o thng qua th mc chia s
mt cch nhanh chng, tin li.
Nng cp kh nng hin th ha, video, mt ca my o.
H tr ch hin th ton mn hnh, ca s my o c th phng to in y
mn hnh tht.
ng b ha thi gian trn my o theo my tht.
My tht v my o s dng chung clipboard, rt tin li cho vic copy + paste.
Mt s tnh nng cao cp khc

Khi ng my o Windows XP

Trn giao din ca s my o, chn Devices >> Install Guest Additions

Nhn Next.

Nhn Next.

Gi nguyn thit lp mc nh, nhn Install.

Nhn Continute Anyway (2 ln).

Nhn Finish hon tt qu trnh ci t, khi ng li my o v cm nhn s khc

bit.
2. Snapshots:
Vi Snapshots, ta c th lu li trng thi lm vic ca my tnh ti thi im to ra n.
VirtualBox cho php to nhiu Snapshots trn mt my o lu li nhiu trng thi
hot ng khc nhau.
To Snaphosts:

Trn giao din ca s my o, chn Machine >> Take Snapshot

Nhp tn v m t cho Snapshot, nhn OK.

M ca s VirtualBox Manager, nhn vo Snapshots ta s thy thng tin v Snapshot
Fresh State va mi to:

Nh vy, trng thi hot ng ca my o ti thi im to Snapshot Fresh State

c lu li.
V d sau y s gip hiu r hn v cng dng ca Snapshots:
Sau khi to thnh cng Snapshot Fresh State, ta to mt th mc mi c tn New
Folder trn mn hnh:

Sau to mt Snapshot th 2:

To tip mt th mc mi tn New Folder (2) trn mn hnh, sau to mt Snapshot

th 3:

Lc ny ta c cu trc cc Snapshots nh sau:

My o ang hot ng Snapshot th 3 c tn State 3.

By gi, th quay li Snapshot u tin Fresh State, tc l a my o v trng thi
lc to Snapshot Fresh State.
Trc tin phi tt my o ang hot ng.
Sau m ca s VirtualBox Manager:

Nhn vo Snapshots >> click chn Snapshot Fresh State >> nhn vo nt lnh
Restore Snapshot.

Xc nhn, nhn vo Restore.

Ta thy lc ny my o quay v Snapshot Fresh State, nhn nt Start khi ng

my o kim tra:

My o khi ng quay li trng thi lc to Snapshot Fresh State, tc l lc mi ci

t Windows + Guest Additions, cha c New Folder v New Folder (2).
Tip theo, th quay li Snapshot th 2 State 2, tc l a my o v trng thi lc to
Snapshot State 2.
Trc tin phi tt my o ang hot ng.
Sau m ca s VirtualBox Manager:

Click chn Snapshot State 2, sau nhn Restore Snapshot.

Khi ng my o Windows XP kim tra.

My o khi ng quay li trng thi lc to Snapshot State 2, tc l lc to thm

th mc New Folder.
Lu : Khi lm vic mt Snapshot, cc thay i s c lu li cho nhng phin lm
vic k tip.
Khi chuyn Snapshot, cc thay i trn Snapshot ang lm vic s mt i.
Kt lun: Vi mi Snapshot, ta lun c th phc hi trng thi my o quay v thi
im lc to ra Snapshot .
Xa Snapshots:

Click chn Snapshot cn xa, sau nhn nt lnh Delete Snapshot.

Nhn Delete xa.

Lu : C th xa Snapshots k c khi my o ang hot ng.
3. S dng my o VirtualBox:
3.1. M my Tt my:
- M my: Nh trnh by bn trn.
- Tt my: Dng lnh Shutdown tng t trn my tht. Hoc nhn vo nt Close (du
X) trn ca s my o ang chy, lc ny s c cc ty chn sau:

Save the machine state: Lu li phin lm vic, tng t tnh nng Hibernate (ng
ng).
Nu chn ty chn ny, sau khi lu li phin lm vic, trn giao din chnh VirtualBox
Manager ta s thy nt Discard c kch hot (mu vng). Nt ny c tc dng xa b
phin lm vic c lu:

Nt Discard c kch hot.

Send the shutdown signal: Thc hin qu trnh Shutdown an ton nh khi dng lnh
Shutdown trn Windows.
Power off the machine: Tt my, tng t khi nhn nt ngun Power trn my tht.
Lc ny c thm ty chn Restore current snapshot khi phc li trng thi lc to
snapshot (nu cn/chn).
3.2. Chn thit b boot:
Sau khi nhn nt Start khi ng my o, ti mn hnh boot, nhanh chng nhn phm
F12 vo giao din chn thit b boot:

Nhanh tay nhn phm F12.

Mn hnh chn thit b boot.

Nhn phm s 1 boot bng cng.
Nhn phm F boot bng a mm.
Nhn phm C boot bng CD-ROM (lc ny cn c a boot trong CD/DVD my tht
hoc np file ISO boot, tham kho mc 3.3.2 bn di).
Nhn phm L boot qua mng LAN.
Nhn phm B thot mn hnh chn thit b boot v boot theo mc nh.
3.3. Cc lnh c bn trong ca s giao din chnh my o:
3.3.1. Nhm lnh Machine:

Switch to Fullsceen: Phng to mn hnh my o in y mn hnh tht.

Swich to Seamless Mode: My tht v my o dng chung mn hnh, cc ng dng cng
hin th trn mt mn hnh:

Seamless Mode.
Insert Ctrl-Alt-Del: Tng t khi bm t hp phm Ctrl + Alt + Delete trn my tht.
Pause: Tm ngng hot ng my o.
Reset: Khi ng li my o, tng t nt Reset trn my tht.
ACPI Shutdown: Tt my an ton, tng t lnh Shutdown.
Close: Tng t nhn nt X trn ca s.
3.3.2. Nhm lnh Devices:
CD/DVD Devices: s dng a CD/DVD.

Chn dng CD/DVD ca my tht, hoc tm n file CD/DVD o (nh file ISO) bng
cch chn Choose a virtual CD/DVD disk file
USB Devices: S dng USB.

Cm USB vo my tht, sau chn tn thit b USB cn mount vo my o. Ch lc

ny USB phi ang trng thi khng khng lm vic, v khi mount vo my o s mt
kt ni my tht, nu ang s dng trn my tht c th gy mt d liu hoc hng
USB.
Shared Folders: Trao i d liu gia my tht v my o thng qua th mc chia
s.

Thit lp th mc chia s.

Nhn nt lnh Add Shared Folder (Ins).

Click vo nt mi tn sau chn Other

Ch nh th mc dng chung cho my tht v my o, sau nhn OK.

Chn cc ty chn sau nhn OK.

Read-only: My o ch c th c, khng ghi c d liu ln th mc dng chung ny.
Auto-mount: T ng np th mc dng chung khi khi ng my o.
Make Permanent: Th mc c ch nh dng chung s c lu, khng cn phi chn
li phin lm vic k tip.

Nhn OK.
Khi chn ty chn Make Permanent, th mc dng chung s nm mc Machine
Folders. Nu khng chn ty chn Make Permanent, th mc dng chung s nm mc
Transient Folders, v phin lm vic k tip s b mt i, khi mun dng chung phi
chn li.
Truy cp th mc dng chung:
M My Computer:

Th mc dng chung.
Chn ch xem Folders, truy cp VirtualBox Shared Folders nh hnh.
tin li cho vic truy cp th mc ny, ta to a nh x cho n:

Click phi vo th mc dng chung, chn Map Network Drive

Chn k t cho a nh x ( y chn Z), ch chn ty chn Reconnect at logon sau

nhn Finish.
T y, mun truy cp th mc dng chung ch nh, ch cn vo My Computer, s
thy a nh Z, chnh l ng dn n th mc dng chung:

Nhn p chut vo a Z truy cp th mc dng chung.

3.4. Mt s thit lp phn cng o c bn cho my o:
Tt my o cn thit lp nu ang hot ng.

Trn giao din VirtualBox Manager, chn my o cn thit lp, sau nhn Settings.
C nhiu mc Settings, tuy nhin nn mc nh, ta c th iu chnh mt s ty chn
sau:
Mc System:

iu chnh li RAM, thit b boot nu cn.

Mc Storage:

Qun l cc cng o, CD/DVD o.

3.5. Truy cp internet v b sung mt s thnh phn, bn v cn thit cho HH:
Truy cp internet:

Truy cp trang ch ca Bkav.

Do dng phin bn Windows khng c bn quyn nn khng c t ng cp nht cc
thnh phn ng dng, bn v li. V vy, chng ta cn th cng b sung mt s thnh
phn cn thit:
Windows XP khng tch hp sn mi trng Microsoft .NET Framework, y l mi
trng cn thit chy nhiu ng dng.
Ti v v ci t:
Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 (22.4 MB b ci
offline):http://download.microsoft.com/downlo...a/dotnetfx.exe
Trang download: http://www.microsoft.com/download/en...yLang=en&id=19
Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 (2.8 MB b ci
online):http://download.microsoft.com/downlo...tfx35setup.exe
Trang download: http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=22
Bn v li virus shorcut (rt nguy him, ch cn nhn thy biu tng l nhim
virus):
Tm bn v li ph hp vi phin bn HH ang dng, ti v v ci t ti
trang:http://www.microsoft.com/technet/sec.../MS10-046.mspx
Bi vit ny s dng Windows XP SP3 trn my o, link ti bn v li virus
shorcut:http://www.microsoft.com/download/en...ng=en&id=14416

Hoc ti trc tip (2.88 MB): http://download.microsoft.com/downlo...98-x86-ENU.exe

Sau khi b sung thnh cng cc thnh phn, bn v c gii thiu bn trn, khi
ng li my o v to mt bn Snapshot lu li trng thi n nh ban u.
VI. Tng kt:
Qua cc mc c trnh by trn, chng ta bc u khi nim c v cng ngh
o ha my o v xy dng c cho mnh mt my o vi phn mm VirtualBox,
qun l my o v kin thc c bn c th s dng thnh tho, y cc tnh nng
cn thit ca my o VirtualBox.
Bi vit la chn Windows XP ci t trn my o v Windows XP c s dng kh
ph bin, yu cu cu hnh khng qu cao, c th p dng c trn nhiu my tnh
(khng cn cu hnh cao); Windows XP chy c hu ht cc ng dng hin nay, p
ng c yu cu th nghim cc phn mm v test virus.
y l nn tng c bn, da vo c th trin khai ci t nhiu phin bn HH
Windows khc trn my o, v c my tht.

1.
2.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Oracle VM VirtualBox User Manual.
B ci Windows XP gc, cc bn v li c gii thiu trn Bkav Forum v cc
trang cng ngh khc.