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Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM) : Li-Hsing Yen Assistant Prof. Dept. of CSIE, Chung Hua Univ
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM) : Li-Hsing Yen Assistant Prof. Dept. of CSIE, Chung Hua Univ
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM) : Li-Hsing Yen Assistant Prof. Dept. of CSIE, Chung Hua Univ
Communication (GSM)
Li-Hsing Yen
Assistant Prof.
Dept. of CSIE, Chung Hua Univ.
MSC
MS
(ME/SIM)
MSC
A-bis
A
F
B
C
A-bis
BSC
BTS
HLR
BSS
VLR
EIR
Um
MS
(ME/SIM)
AuC
VLR
NSS
Nomenclature
MS (Mobile Station) =
MT (Mobile Terminal ) +
TE (Terminal Equipment)
BSS (Base Station Subsystem) =
BTS (Base Transceiver Station) +
BSC (Base Station Controller)
NSS (Network Switching Subsystem)
MSC (Mobile Switching Center): telephony
switching function and authentication of user
GSM Interfaces
Um
Radio interface between MS and BTS
each physical channel supports a number of
logical channels
Abis
between BTS and BSC (vender specific)
primary functions: traffic channel transmission,
terrestrial channel management, and radio
channel management
Uplink
Guard band
890.0 MHz
200kHz
890.2 MHz
890.4 MHz
....
914.8 MHz
ms
F ul(n)=890+ 0.2*n
MHz
0
57
7
935.0 MHz
Downlink
935.2 MHz
F dl(n)=F ul(n)+45
MHz
935.4 MHz
....
959.8 MHz
.
time slot
5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2
Uplink
2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Timing Advance
Propagation delay
Base station
send
Mobile station
recv
recv
send
send
Original timing
Timing advance
~ Propagation delay * 2
For Signaling
1 superframe = 26 multiframes
1 multiframe = 51 frames
0 1
Super
frame
0 1
Multiframe
0 1
Frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time
Slot
2047
48 49 50
23 24 25 120ms
4.615ms
0.57692ms
28 bits
Encrypted bits
Encrypted bits
57 bits
6.12s
57 bits
3 tail bits
Training sequence
8.25
guard bits
3 tail bits
Stealing bit
encrypted bits
data is encrypted
stealing bits
indicate whether the burst was stolen for urgent
control signaling (FACCH signaling)
Guard bits
avoid overlapping with other bursts due to different
path delay
Training Sequence
A known bit pattern that differs for different
adjacent cells
to adapt the parameters of the receiver to the
current path propagation characteristics
to select the strongest signal in case of
multipath propagation
for multipath equalization
extract the desired signal from unwanted
reflections
CM
MM
Base
Transceiver
Station
(BTS)
MSC
Base
Station
Controller
(BSC)
RR
RR
CM
MM
DTAP
BSSMAP/DTAP
BSSMAP
LAPDm
RR
LAPDm
LAPD
LAPD
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Um
(air interface)
BTSM BTSM
Abis
SCCP
SCCP
MTP
MTP
Interleaving
to distribute burst error
voice
voice
signaling
speech
decoding
speech
coding
channel decoding
channel coding
interleaving
de-interleaving
burst formatting
burst de-formatting
ciphering
deciphering
modulation
R/F
R/F
demodulation
channel encoding
456 bits
0
64
interleaving
392 449 50
burst
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
formatting
57 rows
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
frame
burst
Class 1b
132 bits
Class 2
78 bits
Tail
Bits
reordering
91 bits
91 bits
Convolutional Coding
378 bits
78 bits
456 bits
d(0)
d(2)
d(4)
d(0)
d(1)
d(2)
d(3)
d(180)
d(179)
d(180)
d(181)
p(0)
p(1)
p(2)
p(0)
p(1)
p(2)
d(181)
d(179)
d(177)
:
d(3)
d(1)
u(0)
u(1)
u(2)
:
u(89)
u(90)
u(91)
u(92)
u(93)
u(94)
u(95)
u(96)
Tailing Bits
u(185)
u(186)
u(187)
u(188)
0
0
0
0
:
u(183)
u(184)
Parity Bits
The first 50 bits are protected by 3
parity bits p(0), p(2), p(3)
generator polynomial g(D)=D3+D+1
the remainder of
d(0)D52+d(1)D51+ +d(49)D3+p(0)D2+p(
1)D+p(2) divided by g(D) should be
1+D+D2
10
U0 U188
ak
ak-1
ak-2
ak-3
ak-4
Interleaving
455
0
64
128
192
256
320
384
448
56
120
184
248
312
:
:
392
57
121
185
249
313
377
441
49
113
177
241
305
369
:
:
449
114
178
242
306
370
434
42
106
170
234
298
362
426
:
:
50
171
235
299
363
427
35
99
163
227
291
355
419
27
:
:
107
228
292
356
420
28
92
156
220
284
348
412
20
84
:
:
164
285
349
413
21
85
149
213
277
341
405
13
77
141
:
:
221
342
406
14
78
142
206
270
334
398
6
70
134
198
:
:
278
399
7
71
135
199
263
327
391
455
63
127
191
255
:
:
335
11
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
burst
frame
28 bits
BABA
BAB
ABAB
57 bits
ABA
57 bits
3 tail bits
Training sequence
8.25
guard
bits
3 tail bits
Stealing flag
12
13
14
FCCH
SCH
BCCH information 1-4
Four SDCCH subchannels (optional)
CBCH (optional)
FCCH + SCH
+
BCCH 1 - 4
Block 0
reserved for
CCCH
FCCH/SCH
Block 1
reserved for
CCCH
Block 2
reserved for
CCCH
FCCH/SCH
Block 3
FN= 22 - 25 CCCH/SDCCH
Block 4
FN= 26 - 29
CCCH/SDCCH
FCCH/SCH FN= 30 - 31
Block 5
CCCH/SDCCH FN= 32 - 35
Block 6
FN= 36 - 39
CCCH/SDCCH
FCCH/SCH FN= 40 - 41
Block 7
FN= 42 - 45
CCCH/SACCH
FN= 46 - 49
Block 7
CCCH/SACCH
FN= 50
not used
15
FN= 12
FN= 13 - 24
FN= 25
TCH
SACCH
TCH
not used
16
MNCC-SAP
MNSS-SAP MNSMS-SAP
CM
CC
SS
SMS
TI
MM CC
MM
TI
SS
PD
TI
SMS
PD
RR
SAPI=3
SACCH
SDCCH
FACCH
SACCH
SDCCH
BCCH
RACH
AGCH+PCH
SAPI=0
Layer 3 - RR Sublayer
The RR sublayer handles all the procedures
necessary to establish, maintain, and release
dedicated radio connections
channel allocation
handover
A
timing advance
power
power control
level
frequency hopping
B
time
17
BSC
MSC
BSC
BTS
BTS
MS
MS
MS
BSC
BTS
BTS
1. different BTS, same BSC
MS
MS
MS
Layer 3 - MM Sublayer
The MM sublayer copes with all the
effects of handling a mobile user that
are not directly related to radio functions
location area
location registration & call delivery
location update & paging
18
Home System
RAND
SIM
Ki
A8
Ki
A3
accept
A3
A8
SRES
Kc
SRES
=?
SRES
authentication
reject
frame number
Kc
Visited
System
A5
S1
S2
plain text
Kc
encryption
A5
S1
S2
ciphered data
plain text
MS
channel request
channel activation command
HLR
location update
subscriber
information
old
VLR
2
IMSI,
auth. para.
old TMSI,
old VLR ID
channel assignment
authentication request
new
VLR
4 ack
new TMSI
authentication response
comparison of authentication parameters
assignment of TMSI
acknowledgement of TMSI
entry of the new area and
identity into the VLR & HLR
MS
channel release
19
Layer 3 - CM Sublayer
The CM sublayer manages all the functions
necessary for circuit-switched call control
call establishment procedures for mobileoriginated calls and mobile-terminated calls
in-call modification
call reestablishment
Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) control
procedure for DTMF transmission
Contents of CM
Call Control (CC)
Short Message Service (SMS)
Supplementary Service (SS)
20
Paging Procedure
MS
BSS
Paging Request Message on PCH
Channel Request on RACH
Assign SDCCH on AGCH
SABM (Paging Response)
1
HLR
VLR
allocate MSRN
MSC
other
switches
routing
other
switches
MS
INTerrogating eXchange (INTX)
Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN) (Country Code, see E.164)
Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) (Mobile Country Code, see E.212)
21
Dialing
Switch
PBX
Connected
DTMF in GSM
MSC
SETUP
Dialing
MSC
PBX
START_DTMF
STOP_DTMF
Connected
22