Uvodni glagoli (reporting verbs) mogu biti u:

Sadanjem vremenu (He says; She asks, He shouts)

Prolom vremenu( He said; She asked; He shouted)

iz

she/he

Tonight

that evening

Ago

before

this (evening)

that (evening)

today/this day

that day

these (days)

those (days)

now

then

(a week) ago

(a week) before

last weekend

the weekend before

here

there

next (week)

the following (week)

tomorrow

the next/following day

Primjer:
He asks: What do you want to eat?
He asks what I want to eat.
Kod drugog tipa reenica pod navodnicima ne poinje sa upitnom rijei.
Kad nemamo upitne rijei onda je obavezno koristiti veznik IF.
Primjer:
He asks: Do you live in Konjic?

He asks if I live in Konjic.

Pri tvorbi neupravnog govora reenica nakon upitne rijei ili IF veznika mora biti
potvrdna.
Izuzetak je question word WHO.
Primjeri oba tipa:
My teacher asks: Have you done your homework?
My teacher asks if I have done my homework.
My mother asks: Who goes to the park with you?
My mother asks who goes to the park with me.
He asks: Are you going to the cinema tomorrow?
He asks if I am going to the cinema the next day.
She asks me: Are you wrong?
She asks me if I am wrong.
She asks: Can people here expect wonders?
She asks me if people can expect wonders there.
John asks me: Why don't you go home?
John asks me why I don't go home.
They ask me: When will you come?
They ask me when I will come.
I ask him: Who is going with you?
I ask him who's going with him.
She asks me: Who speaks French here?
She asks me who speaks French there.
He asks: Where did you sleep last night?
He asks where I slept last night.
UZVICI I IMPERATIVI
Kod imperativa je svejedno je li uvodni glagol napisan u sadanjem ili prolom
vremenu.
Dakle, nema nikakve promjene vremena, bez obzira na to u kojem je vremenu
uvodni glagol, ve se pri tvorbi neupravnog govora samo koristi infinitiv glagola.
Primjeri:
He said:Go away!
He said to me to go away.
He shouts at his son: Do your homework!
He shouts at his son to do his homework.

She said: Don't talk!

She said to me not to talk.
He says: Write the letter, please!
He says to me to write the letter.
UVODNI GLAGOL U PROLOM VREMENU
POTVRDNI OBLIK
Kad se uvodni glagol nalazi u prolom vremenu, onda pri tvorbi neupravnog
govora moramo promijeniti i vrijeme reenice. Vrijeme u kojem je napisana
reenica u upravnom govoru mijenjamo za jedno vrijeme unazad.
Simple Present Simple past
Present countinous tense Past countinous tense
Simple Past Past Perfect
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Perfect Past Perfect
Will Would
Can Could
May Might
Must Must/Had to
am / are / is was/were
was / were had been
has been had been
had been had been

Tense

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

present
simple

I like ice
cream

She said (that) she liked ice

cream.

present
continuous

I am living in
London

She said she was living in

London.

past simple

I bought a
car

She said she had bought a car

OR She said she bought a car.

past
continuous

I was walking
along the street

She said she had been walking

along the street.

present
perfect

I haven't seen
Julie

She said she hadn't seen Julie.

past perfect*

I had taken
English lessons
before

She said she had taken English

lessons before.

will

I'll see you

later

She said she would see me later.

would*

I would help,
but..

She said she would help but...

can

I can speak
perfect English

She said she could speak perfect

English.

could*

I could swim
when I was four

She said she could swim when

she was four.

shall

I shall come
later

She said she would come later.

should*

I should call my
mother

She said she should call her

mother

might*

"I might be late"

She said she might be late

must

"I must study at

the weekend"

She said she must study at the

weekend OR She said she had to
study at the weekend

* doesn't change.
Onda u indirektnom govoru menjamo vremena po ovoj emi: Simple Present
prelazi u Simple Past I like ice cream. She said (that) she liked ice cream. Present
Progressive, Continuous prelazi u Past Progressive, Continuous I am living in
London. She said she was living in London. Simple Past prelazi u Past Perfect
Simple I bought a car. She said she had bought a car. Present Perfect Simple
prelazi u Past Perfect Simple I havent seen Julie She said she hadnt seen Julie.
Future I (will) Conditional I (would) Ill see you later. She said she would see me
later. - See more at: http://abc.amarilisonline.com/indirektni-govor-i-slaganjevremena-u-engleskom-jeziku-reported-speech/#sthash.BeE3GKpb.dpuf
today that day
now then yesterday the day before days ago days
before
last week the week before
next year the following year
tomorrow
the next day / the following day
here there this that
these those - See
more at: http://abc.amarilisonline.com/indirektni-govor-i-slaganje-vremena-uengleskom-jeziku-reported-speech/#sthash.BeE3GKpb.dpuf

PASIVE
GLAGOL TO BE U PASIVNOJ RECENICI PREBACUJEMO U ONO VREME U KOME JE
AKTIVNA RECENICA
Pasiv se koristi pri naglaavanju radnje. Nije vano, ili nije potrebno znati ko ili ta
je vrilac radnje.
Dakle, naglasak se stavlja na radnju.
Primjer: My bike was stolen.
U ovom primjeru naglaeno je da je moje biciklo ukradeno. Meutim, nepoznat je
vrilac te radnje.
Ponekad navod izreen u pasivu zvui pristojnije nego li isti izreen u aktivu.
Primjer: A mistake was made.
U ovom primjeru, izbjegavajui okriviti nekoga za pogreku, naglaava se sama
pogreka. (Ti si pogrijeio.).
TVORBA PASIVA

Prebacivanjem aktivne reenice s dva objekta u pasiv, jedan objekat e postati

subjekat, dok e drugi ostati objekat. Koji e objekat postati subjektom zavisi od
toga ta u reenici elimo naglasiti.
Subjekat

Glagol

Objekat 1

wrote

a letter

Objekat 2

to me.

Aktiv:

Rita

Pasiv:

A letter

was written

to me

by Rita.

Pasiv:

was written

a letter

by Rita.

Kao to se vidi, dodavanje drugog objekta (by Rita) ne zvui lijepo, tako da se taj
dio obino izostavlja, ali nije pogreno ni napisati.
IMPERSONAL PASSIVE (BEZLINI PASIV)
Personal Passive znai da objekat aktivne reenice postaje subjekat pasivne, tako
da svaki glagol kojem je potreban objekat(prelazni glagol) moe formirati a
personal passive.
Primjer: They build houses. Houses are built.
Glagoli bez objekta tj. neprelazni glagoli ne mogu postati prelazni osim ako im se
ne doda prijedlog. Takav pasiv se naziva bezlinim jer pri tvorbi koristimo bezlinu
konstrukciju.
Primjer: he says it is said
Bezlini pasiv nije uobiajeno koristiti u engleskom jeziku, a mogue ga je koristiti
samo uz glagole opaanja ( npr. say, think, know)

Subjekat + odreeni odgovarajui oblik pomonog glagola to be + proli ili past

particip (trea kolona nepravilnih glagola)
Primjer: A letter was written
Kad reenicu napisanu u aktivu prebacujemo u pasiv tada:
- Objekat aktivne postaje subjekat pasivne reenice.
- Tad se odreeni oblik glagola mijenja (to be + past particip).
- Subjekat aktivne reenice postaje objektom pasivne reenice(ili se
izostavlja)

Primjeri pasiva :
Vrijeme

Simple
Present

Subjekat

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

Simple Past

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

Present
Perfekt

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

Futur I

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

(ModalniPomoni
glagoli)

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

Vrijeme

Present
continuous

Pasi
v:

Objekat

writes

a letter.

is written

by Rita.

wrote

a letter.

A letter

was written

by Rita.

Rita

has written

a letter.

has been written

by Rita.

will write

a letter.

will be written

by Rita.

can write

a letter.

can be written

by Rita.

Rita

A letter

Rita

A letter

Rita

A letter

Rita

A letter

Subjekat

Aktiv
:

Glagol

Rita

A letter

Glagol

Objekat

is writing

a letter.

is being written

by Rita.

Past
continuous

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

Past Perfekt

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

Future II

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

Kondicional I Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:
Kondicional
II

Aktiv
:
Pasi
v:

was writing

a letter.

was being written

by Rita.

had written

a letter.

A letter

had been written

by Rita.

Rita

will have written

a letter.

Rita

A letter

Rita

A letter will have been written by Rita.

Rita

A letter

Rita

A letter

would write

a letter.

would be written

by Rita.

would have written

a letter.

would have been

written

by Rita.

KONDCIONALI

PRVI TIP POGODBENIH REENICA

U ovim reenicama izraena je stvarna mogunost da se ispuni neki uslov u

budunosti.
Tvorba:
IF + present simple (Uslovna ili IF reenica); will (shall) + infinitiv
(glavna reenica).

Primjer:
Ako imam novca, kupit u kuu.
If I have money, I will buy a house.
Veznik IF u ovom tipu uvijek prevodimo kao AKO.

Primjeri:
Ako je slobodan, poi e s nama.
If he is free, he will come with us.
Ako ne pourite, zakasnit ete.
If you don't hurry, you will be late.
Ako mi pomogne zavrit u do 6.
If you help me, I will finish by six o'clock.
DRUGI TIP POGODBENIH REENICA

U drugom tipu pogodbenih reenica mogunost ispunjavanja uslova je mala.

Tvorba:
IF + past simple tense (Uslovna ili IF reenica); would ili should +
infinitiv (glavna reenica)
Veznik

IF

se

uvijek

prevodi

kao

DA.

U naem jeziku ove reenice prevodimo u prostom sadanjem ili buduem

vremenu.
Glagol to be se za sva lica jednine i mnoine u prolom vremenu koristi kao
were.
Primjeri:
Da
If
Da

sam
I

were
nije

na

tvom
in
tako

mjestu

your

place,

zauzeta

ja

ne

would

pridruila

If she weren't so busy, she would join us.

Da ga sutra vidim, sve bih mu rekao.
If I saw him tomorrow, I would tell him everything.

bih
not
bi

tamo
go
nam

iao.
there.
se.

TREI TIP POGODBENIH REENICA

Treim tipom pogodbenih reenica izraava se uslov iz prolosti koji nije ispunjen.
Veznik IF prevodimo kao DA, a za prijevod reenica koristi se nae prosto prolo
vrijeme.
Tvorba:
IF + past perfect (Uslovna ili IF reenica); would ili should + have +
proli particip glavnog glagola.

Primjeri:
Da sam pitao oni bi mi rekli.
If

Da
If

had
ste

you

had

asked,
bili

been

na
at

the

they

would

sastanku
meeting,

you

have
vidjeli
would

told

me.

biste

ga.

have

seen

him.

Da je kiilo otiao bih kui.

If it had been raining, I would have gone home.

ETVRTI TIP POGODBENIH REENICA

Ovim reenicama izraava se navika ili neka ponavljana radnja.
Veznik IF moe se mijenjati sa WHEN, WHENEVER i EVERYTIME.
Tvorba:
IF + present simple (Uslovna ili IF reenica); present simple (glavna
reenica).
Primjer:
Svaki put kad je lijepo vrijeme ja idem van.

Everytime when the weather is nice I go out.

Jedna od najlakih lekcija, iz mog iskustva, su kondicionali u engleskom. Proverite sami, ako
nije jasno, pa piite, kao i obino.

1. The Zero Conditional:

Garantovano, proverno, aksiom, drugaije ne moe
Koristi se uglavnom za injenice, nauno i iskustveno dokazane.
Ako stavi ruku u vatru, boli. Izvesnost 100 %
Ili
Ako znam kondicionale, dobijam peticu.
injenica, nauio si, zna, to je to, aksiom. Garant petica, nauno dokazano, znanje = dobra
ocena.
2. The First Conditional: pamet u glavu, ansa postoji i to velika
Ako nauim kondicionale, dobiu peticu. Izvesnost 50 %
Od tebe zavisi dragi ili draga moja, uslov je jasan, na tebi je danose odluku.
3. The Second Conditional: ta bi bilo kad bi bilo, ta se kome snilo,
Kad bih nauio kondicionale, dobio bih peticu . Izvesnost 5%
To je situacija kada sedi tako i bleji na netu i misli ta bi to sve moglo da se desi sutra na
kontrolnom a najverovatnije nee, jer ti je sve pree nego uenje.
4. The Third Conditional : kasno Marko na Kosovo stie ili gde ti je pamet bila, uprskao si!
Da sam bio nauio te kondicionale prole nedelje, dobio bih peticu iz engleskog ali nisi,
kec ko vrata, sorry, proao voz. Izvesnost: 0 %
Bilo je ta je bilo, to je sada prolost, moe samo da kukumavi, nita ne moe da
promeni.
Eto uvenih kondicionala, ta tu ima teko.
- Formula za kondicionale u engleskom jeziku
Idemo sad na formulu, naravno, sve emo to lepo provebati kod Seonaid na sajtu
www.perfect-english-grammar.com
Uzeemo I njene primere sa sajta, da bi lake mogli da partite sva vebanja.
Dve stvari imamo uvek u formuli 1. if reenica (kondicionalna) 2. Reenica bez if,
posledica, injenja, radnje u if reenici.
1. The Zero Conditional:
- if + present simple present simple
- If you heat water to 100 C, it boils. (Ako zagreje vodu na 100 C, ona kljua. Nema
rasprave, nauno dokazano, aksiom,taka kraj prie, deava se uvek I sada, jedna od osnovnih
upotreba Present Simple Tensa, to smo nauili, ko ne zna, trai post o tome)- 100%
odmah vebaj
2. The First Conditional
- if + present simple will + infinitive
- If it rains tomorrow, well go to the cinema. (Ako pada kia sutra(budunost) odosmo u
bioskop, moe da se desi a I ne mora) 50%
- See more at: http://abc.amarilisonline.com/kondicionalni-u-engleskom-za-cistupeticu/#sthash.klzNhw71.dpuf
3. The Second Conditional - if + past simple would + infinitive - If I had a lot of
money, I would travel around the world. (Ako, kad bih imala puno novca, ila bih
na put oko sveta, ali puste elje, nemam, brale ni do Poarevca da odem) 5%
dajemo na pozitivne misli I mogunost Bingo dobitaka !!!!!!Vano kod drugog

kondicionala za 1 i 3 lice kod glagola to be koristi se oblik were - If I were you, .

veba
4,The Third Conditional - if + past perfect would + have + past participle - If I
had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.( Da sam ranije otila na
spavanje, uhvatila bih voz na vreme, ali proao voz, bee mu, to je sada davna
prolost, nema kajanja I tako to) 0% Veba !!!!Vano-mogua greka, ne zalei
se, nije uvek prva reenica sa if, pa da automatski primenjuje gornju emu. Well
go to the cinema, if it rains tomorrow. (1. Kondicional, ovde ide prvo
will+infinitive pa onda Present Simple, to je stvar stila, a obavezno se u testu bilo
koje vrste, daju ovakvi primeri.) Lepo vam kaem , prosto kao pasulj. Sve postove
sa tematikom engleski jezik i gramatika pogledajte na
engleski.amarilisonline.com. Postovi su tematski sreeni i omoguavaju vam
laku navigaciju i pronalaenje tema za koje ste zainteresovani. - See more at:
http://abc.amarilisonline.com/kondicionalni-u-engleskom-za-cistupeticu/#sthash.klzNhw71.dpuf