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Cardiac
Cardiac
Cardiac
Heart Sounds:
S1- tricuspid and mitral valve close
S2- pulmonary and aortic valve close
S3- ventricular filling complete
S4-elevated atrial pressure (atrial kick)
Causes: CAD, Valvular heart disease, Cardiomyopathies, Endocarditis, Extracardiac infection, Pulmonary
embolus
Symptoms: Skin cold or cyanotic, Wheezing, Mitral valvular deficits, Lower extremity edema, Pulsus
alternans, Hypertension, Tachypnea