:

11

1-1

11

2-1

11

3-1 )(

11

4-1

12

5-1

13

6-1

13

7-1

13

15

1-2

15

1-1-2

15

2-1-2

15

3-1-2

15

2-2

16

1-2-2

16

2-2-2

16

3-2-2

16

3-2

17

1-3-2

17

1-1-3-2

18

2-1-3-2

18

2-3-2

19

3-3-2

19

4-2

20

5-2

20

23

1-3

23

2-3

23

3-3

24

--

 1-3-3

24

2-3-3

25

3-3-3

26

1-3-3-3

26

2-3-3-3

26

4-3-3

27

5-3-3

28

4-3

28

1-4-3

28

2-4-3

29

3-4-3

30

4-4-3

30

31

1-4 )(ABS

31

1-1-4

31

2-1-4 )(ABS

32

3-1-4 )(ABS

32

4-1-4 )(ABS

36

5-1-4

37

2-4 )(PTFE

37

1-2-4

37

2-2-4

38

3-2-4

38

4-2-4

39

40

1-5

40

2-5

41

3-5

42

46

1-6

46

2-6

46

--

 3-6

46

4-6

46

50

1-7

51

1-1-7

51

2-1-7

52

1-2-1-7

53

2-2-1-7

54

3-1-7

59

4-1-7

61

5-1-7

62

6-1-7

62

7-1-7

64

8-1-7 )(

65

9-1-7

69

10-1-7

70

2-7

79

82

1-8

82

2-8

82

3-8

83

1-3-8

83

1-1-3-8

84

2-1-3-8

85

3-1-3-8

85

4-1-3-8

86

4-8 )(Sputtering

88

90

1-9

90

2-9

90

--

 1-2-9 )(

90

2-2-9 ) (

91

3-2-9

93

96

1-10

96

2-10

99

1-2-10

102

3-10

103

1-3-10

103

2-3-10

104

4-10

105

1-4-10

106

2-4-10

107

108

--

.

.

.
.
.

--

.
.
.

.
.

- -



1-1:

: -

: ) .(POLYMERS ) (1-1

All Materials

Simple Liquids

Solids

Gases

Metals

Polymers

Ceramics

2-1 :

) :(1-1

3-1 )(:
) (PLASTICITY
) (PLASTICS
.

- -

) (POLYMERS
.

) (

) + (

4-1 :
1869
HYATT

) ( .

1909

)(

.

1920 /

1940 ) (PVC
.

/ /
.

1950 ) (PVC

.

- -

5-1 :

: ) (1.8-0.9

.1

.
: .

: .

: .

: .

6-1 :

7-1 :

: .

.
- -

:
.

:A: .

:B : .

: )(

: .

:
.

: .

:
. ) (2-1
.

) :(2-1

- -

:
)

( +

1-2 :

1-1-2 ) :(MONOMER

2-1-2 ) :(POLYMER

3-1-2 ) :(COPOLYMER

. ) (1-2

) :(1-2

- -

 2-2 :
-.

- .
-.
1-2-2 ) :(Polymerization

) (
.

) (2-2 .

) :(2-2 .

2-2-2 ):(Condensation and Compound Condensation

.

- : ).(TP

- : ).(TS

3-2-2 ) :(Addition


. ) (3-2 .

- -

 3-2 :

) :(3-2

1-3-2 :

. ) (4-2 :
Family Tree of Plastics
Plastic materials

Thermoplastic

Thermoset
DAP
EPOXY
MELAMINE
PHENOLICS
UNSATURATED
POLYESTER
BUTEL RUBBER
CROSSED LINKED PE
UREAFORMALDAHYEDS

Crystalline

Amorphous

PP
PE
PET
PBT
PEEK
NYLON
)ACETAL (POM

PC
PS
PPS
PPO
PVC
ABS
SAN
PEEK
POLY SULFON
)PMMA (ACRYLICS
):(4-2

- -

 1-1-3-2 : ):(TP) (THERMOPLAST

) (VANDERVALSE

.

:

: (PVC) ) (PP.

2-1-3-2 : ):(TS) (THERMOSETS

.

) (TS
).(TP
- -

) (.

) (TP )
( .

) (TP

) (TS
) (.

2-3-2 :

:

:
.

:
.

: / /
.

3-3-2 :

).(SEMI CRYSTALLINE

).(AMORPHOUS

).(CRYSTALLINE

) (9-2 :

- -

 ) :(9-2

) (PVC

) (85%
) (60%

4-2 :
.
.

.
.

5-2 :
.
.

)(.

- -

Epoxy
EP
) 260(

Epichlorhydrine
+
Biphenyl A

: .

) :(1-2 ) (EP

= Formol + Phenol
PF

PF

) :(2-2 ) (PF

- -

 PP

Polypropylene

Propylene
+

) 110(

).(0.9

)
aspirateur (

) (
.

) :(3-2 ) (PP

Polymethacrylate de methyl

PMMA

.
) :(4-2 ) (PMMA

Styrene

PS

90%

) (

) :(5-2 ) (PS .

- -



1-3:
) ( .........

.
:

: .....................

: .

: .

: .............

:
:
. .

. ) : (.............

. : .

2-3 :
:
.

- -

 :
:( 1 :

).(Extrusion

).(Injection

).(Forming

).(Casting

) .(BLOWING

:( 2 :

).(Injection Molding

).(Reactive Injection Molding

).(Transfer Molding

).(Pressure Molding

3-3
1-3-3 ):(Extrusion

:
).(PVC- ABS PS

) (2-3 :

- -

 ) :(2-3

2-3-3 ):(Injection

. ) (3-3 :

) :(3-3

.
.

- -

 3-3-3 ):(Blowing

. .

1-3-3-3 :

. ) (8-3 :

) :(8-3

2-3-3-3 :

) ( :

- -

 ) :(A
.

) :(B
. ) (9-3 .

) :(9-3

4-3-3 ):(Forming

.
) (10-3 :

- -

 ) :(10-3 .

5-3-3 ):(Casting

.
.

4-3 :
1-4-3 ) :(Injection Molding

) (TS
.

) . (.

- -


. ) (11-3 :

) :(11-3 .

2-4-3 ):(Reactive Injection Molding

.

. ) (12-3

) :(12-3 .

- -

 3-4-3 ):(Transfer Molding

:

. ) (13-3 :

) :(13-3

4-4-3 ):(Pressure Molding

)
( . .

. ) (14-3 :

) :(14-3
- -

1-4 ):( ABS) (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

) (15
.

) (ABS

1-1-4 :
.
.

).(PVC

) (ABS
. ) (ABS :
. .
. .

. .

. ) (PVC .

) (ABS )(PVC

) (.

- -

 2-1-4 ):(ABS

8

2.3

380

120

13

3.8

400

130

) R (

117

) D (

1.22

65
0.97

-/

13

2.3

264/

230

145

)(23. / 70

)(23 . /

)( . / 70
)(23 . / 70

. )(ABS

) (ABS

.

) (ABS ) (1.5-1%

) (creep

.
) (ABS

3-1-4 ):(ABS

)( . ) (1-4

) (ABS )(.

- -

 ) :(1-4 )) (ABS (

. ).(2-4

) :(2-4 )(ABS

: ) (
. ).(3-4

- -

 ) :(3-4 ) (ABS

) (ABS ) (PVC

:


.

: ) (%
.

) (ABS
:

- -


ABS

103

GS

102

22.7
HR

22.7
KG.M

-2.213
2.489
-2.213
3.043

22.7
Kgc/Cm2*10

18.56
Kgc/Cm2*c

22.7
J/M

2.2

99

346

2.25

101

373

22.7
Kgc/Cm2

414
J/M
101

415

107

422

===

88

===

89

CG

81

KA

103

==

KJ

96

X-17

111

-3.872
4.149
===
-2.489
3.043
-0.692
0.963
-4.149
4.426
------

1.76

99

388

122

323

=
1.69

=
104

399

139

345

425

96

302

2.39

-------

665

95

422

2.18

96

112

27

401

2.74

115

107

37

499

===

X-27

111

-----

EP

102

===

EPA

110

-1.936
2.214
------

AH

110

-1.106
1.383

===

DH

111

MS

103

-0.829
1.106
-2.489
2.766

2.81

108

117

37

520

2.32

100

266

74.5

415

2.24

129

112

48

464

2.67

104

229

59

499

2.24

104

181

53

527

2.32

103

239

80

436

CIT

100

-2.213
2.498

139

2.2

- -

282

32

394

 4-1-4 ):(ABS

) (275-220

) (3%-% / ) (20/1
) (1400-700 /
)(210 /.

. ) (ABS

)(0.5

.
.

/ ) (30/1-24/1-20/1
) (5/2-2/1

)(230-190.

) (ABS
)(60 ) (4-2

) (20%
.

) (ABS
.

- -

 5-1-4 :
) (ABS
) (30%
) (15%
) (25%

) (ABS

. ) (4-4 :

) :(4-4 )(ABS

2-4 ):(PTFE
1-2-4 :

:

2HCl

) (

2HF

CHClF2

) (

) (

CHCl3

)(

) (

2HCl

C2H4

) (

)(800-600C

2CHClF2

) .(76C-
) (-CF2-CF2

.
- -

 ) (PTFE ) (327C )(2.3-2.1

/ .

) (2.1
.

).(260C

2-2-4 :

3-2-4:

.
.

) (20

) (327

) (25%

) (500-450

) (PTFE

)(1%

) (327

) (700-140 / )380-

- -

 (360 ) (15 ) (250

.

) (20
.

4-2-4:

) (PTFE )(
.

) (325
) (60% .

. ) (5-4 ).(PTFE

) :(5-4 )(PFTE

- -



1-5 :

1936 W.Knig

1800
.
1835 Justusvon

.
Liebig
.

) ( .

1938 .

1992

ABS

.
) (ABS

- -

 ) (90%
) (ABS
)
(ABS 6/

) (ABS

......
.

2-5 :


.

- -

.
.

3-5 :
:

) (6

)(1.5
.

.
.

) (70.

- -

. ) (1-6

) :(1-5

) (ABS
:

1-3-5 ) (:

.

- -


.
:

:(1 :
.

:(2
) (
.

:(3
.

.
) (base coat

....... .

).(flow coating

) (

. .

.
.
- -



) (25

:
) ( 1/1000

12.5-7.5

-----

7.5-5

------

0.001250.025

17.5-12.5

-------

12.5-7.5

--------

0.0250.0375

25-15

10-7.5

10-7.5
20-15

-------

0.0250.0375

25-17.5

12.5-10

- -

12.5-10

2.5

0.0250.0375

" ".

1-6 :
.

2-6 :

.
.

) (.

Dupr Zesman Fowkes Good Wu :

3-6 :
) (de Bruyne
) .(Lifschitz ) (Derjagins
.

4-6 :

.
.

.
- -

) :(1-6 CO2

- -

) :(2-6 .

- -

 ) (HC = CH .
) (T/p
) (.

..

C-C

.
.

) (3-6 .

EF
1
2

) :(3-6
2 1

.
3 . 4 .

.

.
:

. SEM AMF : : .XPA ESCA EDX : .- -

) :(1-7

.

) - (.

)
(

) (

) (

- -

 .
.

)( .

) (autocatalytic

) (spraying

.

1-7 :

.

) (hydrophilic

1-1-7 :
:

:(1 ) ( ) (etchants

) (etchant .

:(2


.

:(3 ) (neutralizer

) (.

- -

 :(4 )( )(
:

Sn 2+ + Pd 2+ Sn 4+ + Pd
.
:(5

) (stannous hydroxide

:(6

.

:
Pd
Cu 2+ + 2 HCHO + 4OH
2 HCOO + Cu 0 + H 2

Pd
Ni 2+ + H 2PO 2 + 3OH
HPO 23 + H 2O + Ni 0

2-1-7 :
) (

)(.

:

-1 .
-2 .
-3 .

:
( : :

400 - ).(hydroquinone

100 - ).(pyrocatechol

400 - ).(Acetone

- -

 .
( : - :
:

- ) 3% (dioxan.

0.5% kieselguhr -.

) 0.3% (toloyen sulphonic acid. 96.2% perchloroethyen :.

:

: ) (60 10 ) 85C

(120C
.

: ) 100C

(120C 120C
.

.
) (80C - 70C

( : :PVC
1/1

1-2-1-7 :
-1 :



.

) (6-4 .

50 45

-2 :

- -

) (6070 cm ) (50 cm
) 4030 ( ) (70%35%
.

2-2-1-7 :

.
:

(1
.

(2 .
(3 .

(4 .
(5 .

(6 .

(7 .

.

) (
) - -( ABS .

ABS )(
) (

.
.

- -

 ) :(a-2-7

) :(b-2-7

430 - 1 ) (CrO3 .

180 - 2 ) (1.84 .

) .(65C -60C

.
ABS

ABS

)

(.

) (
.

) (neutralizer

) ( .

) (
:

- -

) (stannous chloride ) ( .
)(

:
-

0.007 .

4 ) (SnCl4 .

-
-

35 ) (SnCl2 .
500 ) (1.6 .

) (30C 25C

) ( )
( .
)(
.

ABS

)ionic

(surfactants .

.
.

- -

) :(3-7 PP ABS
.
) (2 mercaptobenothiazole

) (Ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid
.

.
.

.
: )

( ) .(pH = 9
) (90C

) (25C .

- -

 ) (
.

.
)
( .

)(F

)(

)(

156

600

660

)(

83

72

100

83

160

180

135

115

120

93

500

550

45

90

80

130

200

Copper Strike

80

430

540

71

2410

2600

86

105

150

- -

138

2680

2900

132

840

880

142

145

248

50

60

112

120

280

3-1-7 :

:

34 gr/l - .

10 gr/l . 2 gr/l - .

6 gr/l . 50 ml/l - .

. EDTA

.

) (1.5 6 gr/l
) (30 50 dm .

).(0.025 0.25 m

- :

- -

0.13

0.11

0.12

0.23

0.25

0.35

0.75

0.50

1.25

2.4

1.2

0.36

0.30

0.30

0.58

mm/min

0.014

0.02

0.0017

50

90-100

25

)(C

:25 m 170 gr/l - : .

50 gr/l - .

35 gr/l . 30 gr/l - .

EDTA 20 ml/l :

37% - .

) (20 30 m

.
:

. ) (5 20 min
) (0.25 -1 m
) .(18-22C ) (PVC

5 % .

4 gr 1 gr
pH ) (10 %

- -

 :
5 ml 100 ml 1 ml
) 0.01 M3EDTA

( :

1ml EDTA 0.128 gr

4-1-7 :

. :
30 gr/l - : .
10 gr/l . 20 gr/l . 20 gr/l . 3 ml/l . 50 ml/l -.

65C .(5 -7) pH

45 gr/l - .

5 gr/l . 160 ml/l - .

-N 12 gr/l . 50 gr/l -.

30 45 gr/l - : .
50 100 gr/l . 90 gr/l - .

18 70 gr/l - .

) (54 - 66C .(7-5) pH

75 gr/l .

50C

- -

) (0.25 0.38 m 5 min ) (13-50C

) (0.38 - 0.63 m
) (8-10 min
) (0.30 -0.38 m ) (13 -18 m

) (2.6 -7.2 m )m

.(0.13 0.25

5-1-7 :
97.9%
99.8% 99%
.

:ABS

10 -30 min

3 -10 min

0.075 0.25

0.25 - 0.50

0.08

6-1-7 :
) (

) (

.
) (

.
) (latex-based
) (EMI

- -

) (Magnetic Field Interference

) (EMI

) :(4-7

) .(EMI

)(

. ) (

.

) :(5-7


.

- -



) (150 -75 .

) (3040%
.
.

25
.

7-1-7 :

:(1
.

.
:(2
:(3
.

:(4

:(5 99.9%
:(6
.

:
: (1

: (2 .

- -

 :(3 ) (chemical stabilizers

: (4
.

: ( 5 )( co-deposition .

) :(6-7

8-1-7 )(:

.

)Dynamic (DCP
.Chemical Plating

.
.

- -

 PVD

Co Ag Cu Ni Ni- -B-P-

Ni .

) ( :
- .

) (carcinogen formaldehyde ) .....(.

. 5 m/h . - .

- ) (oxy-reduction

) (aerosol

) (Co Cu Ni
) (.

) :(7-7

- -

- )(oxidation-reduction
.

*( : - )-redox

(reaction .

*( :

)(

*( :
) ( s > 40 mJ/m2 .

-

) :(8-7

) (

.
.

- -

 :
) (9-7 - ABS

) (11.8 m/h -

) (9 m/h.

) :(9-7 .

)( Pd/Sn .

) (PVD ) ( :

PVD

DCP

Ni NiB-P Ni

Ni NiP NiB

Cr Cu Ni Cd Co Fe

Co Cu Pd Au

Sn Pd Ag Rh Zn and
alloys

Co Cu Ag

)(C

25-35

0.2

25-100

25-150

0.2-2.0

0.2-150

)(m /min

- -

100
500
sputtering
0.02-20
sputtering
0.2-10

10-2
10-6 mbar

)(m

0.1 -10

2 50

2 500

50 0.5

easy: steel Cu Al Cu brass

; special treatment
iron steel
stainless steel Al

Mg plastics
Mg plastics
glass
difficult: Ti glass

9-1-7 :



.

) (carbon black .
)(

- -

 .
.

) (10-20 % 50 %
. .

Robert Greiner

) (

10-1-7 :

- -

*( :

.
.

) (chalates .

.2001

.
ABS .ABS+PC

.
.
:

ABS -

) :(10-7 ABS


.

) (11-7

) (Botton hole
.

- -

 ) :(11-7

) (-COOH -C=O -OH
) (-OH
.

""

.
:

) :(12-7
.

ABS ) (13-7
) .(14-7

) (micro-structuring ABS+PC

- -

) :(13-7

) :(14-7

""

ABS )( ABS+PC

) (
.

) :(15-7

) :(16-7

) (-OH
. "" ""
.

- -


).(8

) :(17-7 .
.
:

.
.

) ""(
30C

"" .
.

conditioner ) sulfide

(conducting solution gray

).(polysulfides

)( sulfurous
) ( .

) (electropositive ) (2-3 .
.0.5-1.0 dm/min

5-12
.

20- 50.
:

- -

68C 12 minutes :
400 g/l H2SO4
400 g/l CrO3

63C 5 minutes:
400 g/l H2SO4
320 g/l CrO3

2 minutes
30-50C

- .

- Cr3+

HCl
4-5

18- 4 minutes :
22C

min 0.5

2-3 minutes
50C

1 min
room temperature

10

24 )(

11 )(

48

18

30C min

. . -

- .

. - .

30C minutes

- HNO3

- .

*(: Decoma

Polybrite

- -

 ) BMW (...

ABS ABS .

Ford Windstars

Decoma

30%

) :(18-7

)
(.
/

(.

Brett Decoma

EDTA Ethylonediamide

ABS

ABS/PC .

) (TPO

.
:

- -

 :
)(F

149 - 158

5-12 1 min

70 - 73.5

1 min

70 - 73.5

3*1 min

70 - 73.5

0.5 min

70 - 73.5

1 min

HCl

70 - 73.5

0.5 min

111

4 min

70 - 73.5

1 min

140

3 min

70 - 73.5

1 min

77 - 86

40 min

) (Predip Solution .

Sn/Pd .

. .
) (Cu-link
.
.

- -

-1 : ABS

-1 : .

.
-2_ .
-3 :
Pd/Sn .HCl
-4 : Pd/Sn

-2 : .
-3 : .
-4 : Pd
.

Pd/Sn SnCl

-5 ) :(Cu-link

Pd/Sn .

-5 : Sn Pd

-6 : .

Pd
.
-6 :

.30 m

-7 : .

-8

- -

 2-7 :

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chloride
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1000 ) (copolymerization ratio
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plasticizers
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ABS
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SnCl2 0.16 150 :/.

HCl 0.8 200:/.

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) (complexing agent pH
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4-10 :
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) (EMI .

) (transparent
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)(-

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) ( .
.
.

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) (3-6m
12 m

- -

A900H :
)(. - .

. -.

- .

)(

(30%
.

55C 60

65C 45 .

20cm 110cm )(

. ) (13-15
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- -

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. .

- -


Polybrite's Unique Plastics
Plating Technique
Palladium-Free Direct-Plate
Technology for Plating on
Plastics
Surface Coating:a new
technology in the wet
processing

By Beverly A. Graves , Editor

Andreas Knigshofen and Peter Pies, Enthone
GmbH, Langenfeld, Germany, Brian Griffith,
Enthone Inc. West Haven, CT
H. Omidvar, G. Stremsdoerfer

Plastics: Surface and Finish

2ND edition
Energy Curing for Plastics
Metallisieren von Kunststoffen

Gordon Simpson
By James E. Fleischer
Harold Ebneth

Siemens company website

Decoma company website
ASM Handbook, Vol 5. 1994.
Materials Park Ohio: ASM
International

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