KTDDT04

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4
117
CHNG 04
MYBINP
My bin p l thit b in tnh bin i in nng sang in nng da vo nh lut
cm ng in t. Cc thng s dng v p ng vo (s cp) v ng ra (th cp) c th c
gi tr khc nhau; nhng tn s ngun in ng vo v ng ra c cng gi tr.
4.1.PHN LOAI VA TNG QUAN V CU TAO MAY BIN AP :
HNH 4.1: Hnh dng v kt cu ca mt s dng bin p 1 pha.
HNH 4.2: Hnh dng v kt cu ca mt s dng bin p 3 pha

Tiu chun phn lai my bin p c trnh by nh sau.
Khi cn c vo lai ngun in cp vo s cp (ng vo) bin p, ta c bin p 1 pha
v bin p 3 pha. Mt s dng bin p 1 pha trnh by trong hnh 4.1, hnh 4.2 trnh by mt s
kt cu bin p 3 pha.
Khi phn lai theo hnh dng l thp to nn mch t , chng ta c hai dng : lai li
(core type) v lai bc (shell type). Vi my bin p 1 pha lai li c mch t to thnh t cc l
thp U, I hay cc l thp I khc kch c, xem hnh 4.3.
i hc Bch Khoa Tp H Ch Minh Khoa in in T Phng Th Nghim My in v Thc Tp in- 2009
118
Chng ta c kt cu bin p 1 pha lai bc

(shell type) nh trnh by trong hnh 4.1 v trong
hnh 4.3 trnh by phng php ghp l thp vo cun
dy ca bin p 1 pha lai bc. Ngoi cc kt cu
chnh cho loi bin p nh trnh by, chng ta c
th gp cc kt cu khc cho bin p mt pha to
thnh variac (b bin in dng bin p t ngu dng
chnh tinh in p ng ra ); xem hnh 4.4.
HNH 4.3: L thp E, I bin p 1 pha.
Trong cc bin p 3 pha lai mch

t chung. Mch t c to thnh c 3
tr, trn mi tr c b tr dy qun s
v th cp ca mi pha. Hnh dng v kt
cu ca bin p 3 pha 3 tr trnh by trong
hnh 4.2. Dy qun trn mi pha ca bin
p 3 pha thng c qun theo dng
cun dy hnh tr trn v li thp bin p
c tit din l hnh a gic t hp t nhiu
dng ch nht to thnh .
HNH 4.4 : Kt cu ca bin p dng variac
Vi bin p 3 pha cng sut ln, dng bin p truyn ti; ton b bin p sau khi c ch
to c t trong v thng c cha du cch in vi cng dng cch in v gii nhit cho bin
p khi vn hnh. Trn v c cc cnh gii nhit v cc ng dn du i lu gii nhit cho ton
h thng. Kt cu ca bin p truyn ti trnh by trong hnh 4.5
Trong hnh 4.6 trnh by kt cu bin
p 3 pha v cc u ra dy sau khi thi cng
han chnh dy qun. Bin p thuc loi
cch in dng du hoc cch in dng
mi trng khng kh (bin p kh).
Tm li my bin p gm cc thnh
phn sau:
Li thp (hay mch t) dng tp trung
ng sc t thng hnh thnh hin
tng cm ng in t. Li thp c
ghp thnh t cc l thp ri c dy t
0,35 mm n 0,5 mm. L thp k thut
in l hp cht ca st v Silic, hm
lng Silic t 1% n 4%.
B dy s cp hay ng vo bin p
nhn in nng t ngun cp vo bin p.
B dy th cp hay ng ra ca bin p
cp in nng n ti .
HNH 4.5 : Kt cu bin p 3 pha
Dy qun bin p bng ng hay nhm

c tit din trn hay ch nht.
119
HNH 4.6: Dy qun v cc u ra ca dy qun trn bin p 3 pha.
4.2.CAC INH LUT IN T AP DUNG KHAO SAT NGUYN LY MAY BIN AP :

4.2.1.T TRNG:
T trng l kt qu t c t chuyn ng ca cc in tch. T trng c to
nn trong vng khng gian bao quanh dy dn mang dng l do s chuyn ng ca cc in tch
di dng dng in.
T trng c biu din bng cc ng khp kn c gi l ng sc t trng
hay t ph. Cc ng sc ny c nh hng tng t nh cc tnh ca nam chm
vnh cu. Qui tc bn tay phi c p dng nh hng ng sc t trng to ra trong
khng gian xung quanh dy dn ang mang dng, xem hnh 4.7.
T trng tao bi day dan thang
T trng tao bi dong qua cuon day solenoid
HNH 4.7: Qui tc bn tay phi nh hng ng sc t trng to bi dng qua dy dn .

120
QUI TC BN TAY PHI

Ta c hai trng hp :
Khi dy dn thng (xem nh di v hn) c dng i qua : hng ngn ci ca bn tay
phi hng theo dng qua dy dn; chiu co (hay nm li) ca cc ngn tay khc ca bn
tay phi l chiu ca ng sc t trng sinh ra bi dng qua dy dn thng ny.
Vi cun dy qun hnh tr (cun dy solenoid) khi cho dng in qua dy qun; dng
in qua cc ng trn xon c tao t trng c phng thng ti tm ng dy v ng sc
t trng c khuynh hng mc vng khp kn.
4.2.2. MCH T TNG NG MCH IN VI MCH T:
Mi mch t c ghp
t cc l thp k thut in to
thnh li thp tp trung ng
sc t thng theo hng nh
trvc Dng li thp trong hnh
thng dng cho my bin p
hay dng cho my in quay c
2p = 2 cc. Trong mch t my
in quay bao gm : li thp
stator, li thp rotor v khe h
khng kh ; t thng lun i
theo ng ngn nht trong
khe h khng kh.
4.2.2.1.T THNG :
ng sc t trng
n
Trong mch t, lng ng sc xuyn qua tit

din ca mch t nhiu hay t c nh gi bng i
lng t thng. T thng xuyn tit din A c xc
nh theo quan h :
B.A.cos
(4.1)
Trong gc l gc hp bi vector php tuyn n
ca tit din A vi vector t cm B .
(A)
S lng ng sc t trng xuyn qua tit

din A cng nhiu gi tr t thng cng ln, ni mt cch khc t cm hay mt t thng
trn mt n v tit din kho st c gi tr ln.
Khi hng ca vector php tuyn n v hng ca vector t cm B trng nhau, ng

sc qua tit din A nhiu hn ; trng hp ny t thng xuyn qua tit din t gi tr cc i:
max B.A
(4.2)
n v o ca cc i lng nh sau :
Wb (Wb :Weber) ; B T (T :Tesla) ; S m2

CH :
Nu xt tnh cht ca t thng trong mch t, so vi tnh cht ca dng in qua dy dn
trong mch in . Chng ta tm c im tng ng nh sau :
T thng l i lng vt l xc nh lng ng sc xuyn qua tit din mch t
nhiu hay t. Cng dng in l i lng vt l xc nh lng in tch xuyn qua tit
din dy dy nhiu hay t trong mt n v thi gian.
121
4.2.2.2.T TR :
Nh bit, in tr R l i lng c trng tnh cn tr dng in i trong vt dn

in tr on dy dn c b di tit din s xc nh theo quan h :
(4.3)
Tng t trong mch t c trng tnh dn t, cho php ng sc t trng i qua

mch t nhiu hay t, c xc nh bng t tr. Nh vy, c th ni t tr l i lng o
lng s i khng ca mch t khi hnh thnh t thng qua mch t.
T tr theo quan h sau :
1
.
A
(4.4)
n v o :
H
: h s t thm ca vt liu st t to thnh mch t , (H :Henry)

m
: b di ng sc trung bnh i trong mch t , m
A : tit din ca mch t , s m2 .

4.2.3.SC T NG NH LUT AMPRE :
Trong mch in kn, mun hnh thnh dng in qua dy dn; chng ta cn c chnh
lch in th gia hai u ca dy dn. Ni khc i, gia hai u dy dn cn tn ti in p. Nh
vy: in p t ngang qua hai u dy dn l nguyn nhn to thnh dng qua dy dn.
Tng t, trong mch t mun hnh thnh t thng trong, chng ta cn s chnh lch t
th trong mch t, ni khc i trong mch t phi tn ti t p ( hiu s t th). Gi tr t p ny
cn c gi l sc t ng F .
NH LUT AMPRE:
i3
i n -1
in
(C )
Gi H l cng t trng to bi tp hp
cc dng in i1 ; i2 ; . . in v C l ng cong khp
kn trong khng gian bao quanh cc dy dn mang
tp hp dng in trn. Theo Ampre ta c:
i2
i1
H .d
(4.5)
k 1
Trong trng hp mch t

cha N vng dy qun ang mang
dng in I i qua, xem hnh 4.8. Chn
ng cong C bao quanh cc dy
dn ang mang dng in (ang c
biu din bng cc vng trn c nh
d +) l ng sc trung bnh chy
trong mch t . p dng quan h (4.5)
chng ta c c kt qu sau khi vit li
nh lut Ampre :
HNH 4.8: Sc t ng to bi N vng dy mang dng
H.Ltb N.I
(4.6)
122
Trong Ltb l tng b di ng sc trung bnh trong mch t ; H l cng t

trng ca vt liu dn t to nn mch t. Trong trng hp ny chng ta pht biu: khi cho
dng I qua N vng dy qun trn mch t ; sc t ng to ra trong mch t tha quan h:
F N.I
(4.7)
n v o c xc nh nh sau : I A ; N vong ;
F A.vong .

4.2.4.NH LUT OHM TRONG MCH T :

T cc quan h (4.4) ; (4.6) v (4.7) suy ra:
F N.I H.Ltb
Ngoi ra , quan h gia t cm B vi cng t trng H ca vt liu st t l :
B .H
Suy ra:
F N.I
(4.8)
B
.L
tb
(4.9)
Khi cc ng sc i trong mch t theo hng thng gc vi tit din mch t ti mi

v tr , t thng qua tit din t gi tr cc i quan h (4.9) c vit li di dng sau:
.L
.A tb
(4.10)
L
F N.I tb . .
.A
(4.11)
F N.I
Hay:
Quan h (4.11) c gi l nh lut Ohm trong mch t.
CC NHN XT
Tng ng tnh cht t thng trong mch t vi dng in I trong mch in.
Xem vai tr t tr trong mch t nh vai tr ca in tr R trong mch in.
ng thi xem in p V l nguyn nhn sinh ra dng in I v sc t ng F l
nguyn nhn sinh ra t thng trong mch t .
Nh vy vi mch in, chng ta c nh lut Ohm : V = R.I
Trong mch t , tng t chng ta cng c nh lut Ohm : F = .
T cc phn tch trn, chng ta xy dng c s tng ng gia cc i lng vt l c
trng tnh cht mch in v mch t qua bng tm tt sau y. Ngai ra, chng ta c th tm tt
qu trnh in t hnh thnh trong mch t c N vng dy qun , xem hnh 1.4.
NH LUAT OHM
MACH IEN
CAP IEN AP
V VAO CUON
DAY QUAN
TREN
MACH T
DONG IEN I
I QUA N
VONG DAY
QUAN
NH LUAT
AMPERE
NH LUAT OHM
MACH T
HNH THANH
SC
T ONG
F = N.I
TRONG
MACH T
SC T ONG
F TAO RA T
THONG KHEP
KN TRONG
MACH T
HNH 4.9: Qu trnh in t hnh thnh trong mch t, khi cp in p vo dy qun trn mch t
123
TNG NG CC I LNG V
CC PHNG TRNH GIA MCH IN V MCH T
MCH IN
MCH T
B .H
J .E
H : cng t trng
E : cng in trng
: h s t thm
: in dn sut

B.ds : t thng

J.ds : cng dng in
F = N.I : sc t ng
V : in p
.s : t tr
.s :in tr
1
: t dn
1
: in dn
R
4.2.5. NH LUT CM NG IN T CNG THC FARADAY NH LUT LENZ :

Trn mch t (li thp) c cun dy qun N vng, cho
dng sin i Im.cos t qua b dy. Theo nh lut Ampre,

sc t ng hnh thnh trong mch t l F N.i . bin thin
theo qui lut sin i vi bin thi gian t.
F N.i Fm.cos t
(4.12)
Trong : Fm = N.Im l: bin ca sc t ng F.

Sc t ng ny hnh thnh t thng trong mch
t. Gi s t tr trong mch t khng ph thuc bin thi
gian; p dng nh lut Ohm trong mch t ta c: F .
Hay:
Trong :
F Fm
.cos t m.cos t

Fm
(4.13)
: bin ca t thng. Kho st ti tit din A bt k trong mch t, t
thng xuyn qua tit din bin thin theo thi gian t .
CNG THC FARADAY
Vi cun dy qun trn mch t C N vng dy, khi c t thng bin thin xuyn qua tit
din ca cun dy; sc in ng cm ng hnh thnh trong mi vng dy (tng ng ti
mt tit din S ca mch t ) tha quan h sau:
d
dt
(4.14)
124
Vi cun dy c N vng dy qun (ni tip) , sc in ng cm ng sinh ra trn tan b

cun dy l:
d
e N.
dt
(4.15)
Du ( ) trong cng thc Faraday (4.15) c trng cho khuynh hng ca sc in

ng cm ng sinh ra tc ng i khng li vi s thay i ca t thng trong mch t .
Thuc tnh ny c pht biu bi nh lut LENZ.
NH LUT LENZ
Khi sc in ng cm ng sinh ra v hnh thnh c dng in cm ng; dng in
ny s to ra cc h qu i khng vi nguyn nhn ban u sinh ra n.
Trong mch t nu ch c duy nht mt cun dy qun c cp in p t ngun xoay
chiu; chng ta ch nhn thy c sc in ng cm ng sinh ra tha cng thc Faraday.
Cc kt qu pht biu theo nh lut Lenz s thy r rng hn khi kho st trn b dy th
cp bin p (qu trnh in t hnh thnh lc my bin p mang ti).
4.3.NGUYN TC HOAT NG CUA MAY BIN AP:

Nguyn l hat ng ca my bin p da trn cng trnh ca Micheal Faraday (17911867) khi ng khm ph c nh lut cm ng in t vi hai cun dy qun trn cng mch
t; s thay i dng in trong mt cun dy s to ra sc in ng cm ng trong cun
dy cn li. Cc sc in ng cm ng c gi l in p bin p (transformer voltages) v
thit b bao gm mch t vi cc b dy qun thc hin mc tiu trn c gi l my bin p
(transformer). Nguyn l hot ng ca my bin p c kho st v phn tch theo 3 ch :
Ch khng ti.
Ch vn hnh mang ti .
Ch th nghim ngn mch my bin p.
Khi kho st, cn quan tm n qu trnh in t hnh thnh trong mi ch v thnh
lp mch in tng ng (hay m hnh tan hc) thun li cho vic kho st.
Vi bin p 1 pha chng ta thay th cc s cu to nguyn l bng s nguyn l
trnh by trong hnh 4.10.
HNH 4.10: S nguyn l ca my bin p 1 pha
125
4.3.1. THNG S NH MC:

Cc thng s nh mc ca my bin p c qui nh do nh sn xut khi ch to
my vn hnh ch lin tc, di hn. Cc gi tr nh mc gm :
in p nh mc.
Dng in nh mc .
Cng sut biu kin nh mc.
in p s cp nh mc (k hiu l V1m) l in p ngun cp n ng vo bin p theo

qui nh ca nh sn xut. in p ny tng thch vi s vng dy qun ca b dy s cp.
in p th cp nh mc (k hiu l V2m) l in p o c hai u dy qun th
cp khi th cp h mch khng u vo ti v p cp vo s cp bng ng gi tr nh mc
I10
V1 V1m
CH :
My bin p vn hnh khng ti
khi: th cp h mch khng u vo ti
v s cp c cp in p t ngun c
gi tr bng ng nh mc. Trong hnh
4.11 p th cp khng ti c k hiu
l V20 ; in p cung cp pha s cp l V1.
Ch s 1 dng cho cc i lng pha s
cp; ch s 2 dng cho cc i lng
pha th cp. Khi bin p hat ng ti
trng thi khng ti:
V20 V2m
HNH 4.11: trng thi khng ti
in p s cp c cp t ngun bng ng nh mc : V1 = V1m .

in p th cp lc khng ti : V20 = V2m.
Dng in qua dy qun s cp ti trng thi ny gi l dng khng ti ca bin p : I10.
Khi bin p mang ti, dng in qua s cp v th cp thay i ty thuc vo ln v tnh
cht ca ti, cc gi tr ny c th khng bng gi tr nh mc qui nh do nh sn xut.
Dng in nh mc s cp (k hiu l I1m) v dng in nh mc pha th cp (k

hiu l I2m) l dng in qui nh bi nh sn xut cho php qua cc dy qun bin p vn
hnh t c cng sut nh mc tng ng vi in p nh mc.
I1
V1 V1m
I2
V2
My bin p mang ti
I1m
V1 V1m
I 2m
V2
My bin p mang ti nh mc
HNH 4.12: Cc trng thi mang ti ca my bin p
Trong hnh 4.12 khi cp ti vo th cp bin p trong trng thi ny ta c cc kt qu sau:

in p th cp l p t ngang qua hai u ti: V2 ( V2 V20 )
Ti ti bt k, dng qua ti v dy qun th cp bin p l I2 , dng in s cp l I1.
Khi dng qua ti v dy qun th cp bin p l I2m th dng qua s cp l I1dm , ti
trng thi ny ta ni my bin p ang y ti hay ti ng nh mc.
126
Vi my bin p 1 pha cng sut nh mc ca my bin p (k hiu l Sm) l cng sut

biu kin ca my bin p.
Sm V2m.I2m V1m.I1m
(4.16)
Khi my bin p mang ti, bit c mc ti ca my bin p so vi cng sut

nh mc qui nh bi nh sn xut, ta nh ngha thng s h s ti Kt cho bin p.
Kt
I2
I2m
I1
I1m
S2
(4.17)
Sm
Trong S2 cng sut biu kin ang cp n ti t th cp bin p: S2 V2 .I2

Vi nh ngha theo trn, h s ti c gi tr trong khong: 0 K t 1 , cn ch thm cc
cch ni nh sau:
My bin p non ti (under load) khi K t 1
My bin p y ti (hay ti nh mc full load) khi K t 1
My bin p qu ti (over load) khi K t 1
My bin p ang mang na ti khi K t 0, 5

My bin p ang mang 36,5% ti khi K t 0, 365
TH D 4.1:
Cho my bin p 1 pha: 10 KVA, 2400 V / 240 V 50 Hz. Vi cch trnh by cc thng
s nh mc ca my bin p theo trn, ta c:
Cng sut nh mc :
p s cp nh mc:
p th cp nh mc:
Tn s s v th cp:
Sm = 10 KVA = 10000 VA.

V1m = 2400 V
V2m = 240 V
f = 50 Hz.
T cc thng s trn ta suy ra gi tr cho cc dng in s v th cp nh mc nh sau:

Dng s cp nh mc:
I1m
Dng th cp nh mc:
I2m
Sm
10000
41, 67 A
2400
Sm
10000
416, 67 A
240
V1m
V2m
Khi my bin p ang mang ti vi h s ti l: K t 0, 6 dng in qua cc b dy bin

p c gi tr c tnh ton theo cc quan h sau:
Dng s cp lc K t 0, 6 l : I1 K t I1m 0, 4 41, 67 16, 67 A
Dng th cp lc K t 0, 6 l : I2 K t I2m 0, 4 416, 67 166, 67 A
Cng sut biu kin ang cp n ti lc K t 0, 6 l :
S2 K t Sm 0, 4 10000 4000 VA
127
4.3.2.CH KHNG TI CA MY BIN P :

4.3.2.1.QU TRNH IN T TRONG CH KHNG TI:
I1khong tai = I10
Khi cp vo s cp bin p in
p v1m, qu trnh in t hnh thnh v
din tin trong my bin p theo trnh t
sau:
+
V1m
tan
N1
Mch s cp kn, theo nh lut

Ohm, p v1m to ra dng in khng
ti i10 trong dy qun s cp. Gi tr
hiu dng ca dng khng ti i10 l I10 .
V20
N2
Dng i10 i qua N1 vng dy s

cp hnh thnh sc t ng khng ti
F10 trong mch t (li thp) ca my
bin p. Sc t ng khng ti F10 c
HNH 4.13
xc nh theo quan h sau:
F10 N1.i10
(4.18)
Sc t ng F10 to thnh t thng chnh 0 khp kn mch trong li thp (mch t) v

mc vng kn qua cc cun dy qun. Theo nh lut Ohm trong mch t ta c quan h:
F10 . o
(4.19)
Gi s dng in khng ti l xoay chiu hnh sin i10 I10 . 2.cos t . T cc quan h
(4.18) v (4.19) suy ra:
N .I . 2
.cos t
1 10
F10
(4.20)
Trong bin ca t thng o xc nh theo quan h:
o max
N1.I10 . 2
(4.21)
Hay:
o o max .cos t
(4.22)
T quan h (4.22) cho thy t thng 0 mc vng qua cc cun dy s v th cp bin

thin theo thi gian. p dng cng thc Faraday suy ra cc sc in ng cm ng e1 v e2 hnh
thnh trong dy qun s v th cp.
e1 t N1.
Tng t :
e2 N2 .
do
dt
d o
dt
N1. o max ..sin t
N2 . o max ..sin t
(4.23)
(4.24)
Suy ra bin ca cc sc in ng s cp e1 v th cp e2 nh sau:
E1 max N1.o max . 2.f.N1.o max
(4.25)
E2 max N2 .o max . 2.f.N2 . o max
(4.26)
128
Biu thc xc nh sc in ng hiu dng s cp v th cp ghi nhn nh sau:
E1
E1 max
E2 max
E2
2.f.N1. o max
4, 44.f.N1.o max
2.f.N2 .o max
4, 44.f.N2 . o max
(4.27)
(4.28)
T chng ta nh ngha t s bin p Kba nh sau:
Kba
E1
E2
4, 44.f.N1. o max
4, 44.f.N2 . o max
N1
(4.29)
N2
Vi phn tch trn, qu trnh in t hnh thnh ti trng thi khng ti c tm tt tng
giai an trong hnh 4.14.
L OHM
MACH IEN
CUNG
CAP
IENAP
VAO DAY
QUAN S
CAP
L AMPERE
DONG
IEN
KHONG
TAI QUA
DAY
QUAN S
CAP
NH LUAT CAM NG IEN T

CONG THC FARADAY
L OHM
MACH T
HNH
THANHSC
T ONG
F10 TRONG
MACH T
T
THONG
T HOA
KHEP
KN
TRONG
MACH T
SC IEN
ONG CAM
NG HNH
THANH
TRONG DAY
QUAN S VA
TH CAP
HNH 4.14: Qu trnh in t hnh thnh trong bin p ti ch khng ti.

4.3.2.2.MCH TNG NG BIN P TI CH KHNG TI:
T cc quan h (4.23) n (4.24) ta rt ra kt lun sau :

T thng o sm pha hn cc sc in ng e1 v e2 gc 90o
Ngoi thnh phn t thng o, ta cn ch n cc ng sc t trng khng mc
vng trong li thp ch mc vng qua cun dy s cp v chy trong khng kh. Thnh phn
ny c gi l t thng tn (leakage flux) pha s cp, c k hiu l t1 , xem hnh 4.13.
Khi xt ring pha s cp, do t thng chnh o bin thin theo thi gian t hnh thnh sc
in ng cm ng s cp e1. Khi bin p khng ti b dy s cp ng vai tr nh mt cun
cm, do chng ta c th tng ng sc in ng cm ng s cp vi sc in ng
t cm sinh ra trong cun dy khi dng in qua dy qun bin thin theo thi gian. Nh
vy ta c th xem sc in ng cm ng e1 c t ngang qua hai u ca phn t in cm
khi xy dng mch in tng ng v gi phn t ny l in khng t ha Xm.
Tng t thnh phn t thng tn t1 cng c c trng bng phn t in cm
c gi l in khng tn t pha s cp Xt1
Vi N1 vng dy qun s cp, ta c R1 in tr dy qun pha s cp. Da vo phn tch
va trnh by mch in tng ng pha s cp ca bin p lc vn hnh khng ti (khi
cha xt n tn hao li thp) c trnh by trong hnh 4.15.
129
Khi bin p vn hnh khng ti, t

thng o trong li thp bin thin theo t nn
to ra dng in xoy (dng Foucault)
trn cc l thp v to hin tng pht nng
trn l thp. Ngoi ra ty thuc vo vt liu
dn t to nn l thp ta cn c tn hao
thp to bi chu trnh t tr ca ng
cong t ha B = f(H). Xem phn tch cc
thnh phn tn hao ny trong ph lc 1.
I1O
j.X t1
R1
E1
V1dm
j.Xm
E2
Cc thnh phn tn hao thp ph

thuc vo ln ca t cm B hay t
thng o.
HNH 4.15: Mch tng ng bin p lc khng ti

(khi cha xt n tn hao trong li thp)
Do , ta c th xem nh tn hao thp t l vi gi tr hiu dng sc in ng E1

Tm li, tn hao thp c c trng bng phn t in tr Rc ghp song song vi in
khng t ha Xm.
Mch in tng ng hnh 4.15
c v li chnh xc theo hnh 4.16 khi c

I1O
o
xt n nh hng tn hao thp do dng
xay v chu trnh t tr ca .

R1
j.X t1
Ic
Im
E1 Rc
V1dm
j.Xm
Thnh phn dng in qua Xm c

k hiu l Im: y l thnh phn dng t
ha ca dng in khng ti I10. Dng t
ha to nn t thng chnh 0.
E2 V20
Thnh phn dng in qua in tr

Rc c k hiu l Ic: y l thnh phn
dng in ca dng in khng ti to
nn tn hao trong li thp.
HNH 4.16: Mch tng ng bin p lc khng ti

khi c xt n tn hao thp
4.3.2.3.PHNG TRNH CN BNG P V GIN VECTOR PHASE
Vi mch in tng ng trong hnh 4.16; mun xy dng gin vector phase, trc tin
chng ta xc nh cc phng trnh cn bng dng v p pha s cp bin p lc khng ti.
V1dm E1 (R1 jX t1). I10
(4.30)
E1 Rc . I c jXm. Im
(4.31)
I10 I c Im
(4.32)
Gin vector phase ca mch tng ng hnh 4.16 c trnh by trong hnh 4.17.
j.X t1. I 10
R 1. I 10
I 10
E1
Im
IC
E1
V 1dm
HNH 4.17: Gin vector phase ca my bin p ti ch khng ti.
130
CH :
Khi xy dng gin vector chng ta thc hin tun t theo cc bc sau:
V vector c trng t thng t ha o trc tin.
V vector sc in ng cm ng E1 pha s cp. Vector ny chm pha hn vector t
thng o gc 90o.
T vector E1 suy ra vector o E1 .
Da vo quan h (4.31) v cc vector dng in IC v Im .
Cn c quan h (4.32) suy ra vector dng khng ti I10 t cc vector IC v Im .

V cc vector p t ngang qua hai u mi phn t R1 v X t1 khi c dng in I10 i
qua. Vector p R1.I10
trng pha vi vector dng I10 . Vector p j.X t1.I10
dng I10 gc 90o.
sm pha hn vector

T quan h (4.30) p dng php cng cc vector E1 ; R1.I10 ; j.X t1.I10
vector p s cp V1dm .
suy ra
4.3.3.CH MANG TI CA MY BIN P :

4.3.3.1.QU TRNH IN T HNH THNH TRONG BIN P LC MANG TI
HNH 4.18: Qu trnh in t khi bin p mang ti
Khi ng ti vo th cp,
mch th cp kn hnh thnh dng
in I2. Dng I2 l dng in cm
ng c sinh ra do sc in
ng cm ng e2 pha th cp.
Theo nh lut Lenz dng cm ng
I2 to ra cc h qu i khng vi
nguyn nhn ban u sinh ra n.
Dng I2 qua N2 vng dy th
cp to ra sc t ng F2. Sc t
ng F2 hnh thnh t thng ng
2 i khng vi thnh phn t
thng 0 ban u sinh ra n. Hng
ca ng sc t to bi 2 ngc
vi hng ca ng sc t to bi
t thng t ha 0 ban u.
S kin ny dn n sc in ng pha s cp E1 gim thp (v t thng 0 gim xung

do tc dng kh t ca 2 ). bo ton phng trnh cn bng in p pha s cp, dng in
s cp phi tng ln n mc I1 (tnh t gi tr ban u lc khng ti l I10 ).
Dng in I1 pha s cp qua N1 vng dy s cp to thnh sc t ng F1 . Sc t ng
F1 to nn t thng 1 cng hng t thng 0 v i khng li vi t thng 2 .
Qu trnh in t hnh thnh trong bin p lc mang ti theo m t trn cn c gi l
phn ng phn ng trong bin p. Phn ng phn ng bin p s cn bng khi 1 + 2 = 0 .
Vi phn tch trn, qu trnh in t trong ch mang ti ca bin p c tm tt tng
giai an trong hnh 4.19 .
131
HNH 4.19: Tm tt cc giai on ca qu trnh in t khi bin p mang ti.
CH :
Khi phn ng phn ng sinh ra bin p lc mang ti, gi s mch t khng bo ha, t tr
trong mch t xem nh khng thay i gi tr. V sc t ng sinh ra t thng, nn phng trnh
cn bng t thng c thay tng ng bng phng trnh cn bng sc t ng.
F1 F2 F10
(4.33)
4.3.3.2.MCH TNG NG BIN P LC MANG TI
Mun thnh lp mch tng ng ca bin p lc mang ti, p dng phng php phn
tch nh thc hin lc kho st bin p ch khng ti. Ta ch cc im sau y:
Dng th cp I2 to ra thnh phn t thng tn t t2 pha dy qun th cp. Thnh
phn t thng tn th cp c c trng bng in khng tn t Xt2.
Gi in tr ni ca dy qun th cp l R2 .
V pha ti ta c tng tr ti l Zt vi h s cng sut ti c k hiu l cos2
Mch tng ng ca bin p lc mang ti trnh by trong hnh 4.20. Cc phng trnh
cn bng p v dng ti s v th cp bin p lc mang ti c tm tt nh sau:
Ti pha s cp:
V1dm E1 (R1 j.X t1). I1
(4.34)
E1 RC. I C j.Xm. Im
(4.35)
Ti pha th cp
E2 V2 (R2 j.X t2 ). I 2
(4.36)
132
V2 Zt . I 2
(4.37)
Phng trnh cn bng sc t ng:
N1. I1 N2 . I 2 N1. I10
(4.38)
I1
I2
+
V1m
+
t 1
N1
BIEN AP LY TNG
I1
j Xt1
R1
V1 = V1m
I1o
E1
V2
t 2
N2
Ic Im
I2
R2
j Xt2
E2
V2
Rc j Xm
HNH 4.20: Mch tng ng ca my bin p lc mang ti

4.3.3.3.MCH TNG NG BIN P QUI I TH CP V S CP
Vi mch tng ng xy dng trong hnh 4.20, khi kho st xc nh cc c tnh lm

vic ca my bin p chng ta vn cn gp mt tr ngi do hai b dy qun cch ly nhau v ch
quan h nhau thng qua t thng t ha.
R1
j.X t1
R2
I10
V1dm
I1
E1
RC
j.X t2
j.Xm
E2
HNH 4.21: tng qui i mch th cp v s cp.
I2
V2
Zt
Gi s b hn phn
mch ca bin p l
tng c trng cho t
thng t ha trong hnh
4.20; thc hin php bin
i cc thng s ca
mch th cp sang cc
gi tr mi. Sau cng kt
ni song song mch th
cp va chuyn i vi
mch s cp ti cc nt a
v b, xem hnh 4.21.
133
Nu k hiu cc thng s ca mch th cp sau qui qui i bng cch thm du phy trn
cc k hiu.
R'2 , X 't2 v Z 't l cc gi tr qui i v s cp ca cc thng s R2 , X t2 v Zt .
E'2 v V '2 l cc gi tr qui i v s cp ca cc thng s E2 v V2 .
I'2 l gi tr qui i v s cp ca dng phc I 2 .

Cc yu cu cn tha qui i th v s cp bao gm:
Gi tr sc in ng th cp sau khi qui i l E'2 phi bng vi gi tr ca sc
in ng pha s cp E1 . iu kin ny cn phi m bo thc hin ghp song song

mch th cp sau khi qui i vi s cp.
Cc phng trnh cn bng p th cp trc v sau khi qui i phi ng dng
vi nhau.iu kin ny m bo qu trnh vt l th cp khng thay i sau khi qui i.
PHNG THC QUI I

Qui i cc thng s in p:
T t s bin p ta c: E1 Kba.E2 . Mun c c quan h E1 E '2 ta t:
E '2 Kba.E2
(4.39)
Qui i cc thng s dng in:

T phng trnh cn bng sc t ng (4.38); chia 2 v cho s vng s cp N1, ta c:
N
I1 2 . I 2 I10
N
1
R1
(4.40)
N2
.I'2
N
1
j.X t1
R'2
V1dm
I1
I10
E1
RC
j.X 't2
j.Xm
E '2
I '2
V '2
Z 't
Quan h (4.40) m
t nh lut Kirchhoff 1 ti
nt a . Nh vy sau khi
qui i mch th cp
v u song song vi s
cp; thnh phn dng
HNH 4.22: Phng thc ghp ni song song s cp v th cp qui i.
in th cp qui i I'2
phi tha nh lut K1 ti
nt a, xem hnh 4.22.
Suy ra:
I'2
I2
Kba
(4.41)
134
Qui i cc thng s tng tr:

Mun tha iu kin phng trnh cn bng p pha th cp trc v sau khi qui i c
ng dng, ta thc hin php tnh nh sau:
Nhn 2 v ca quan h (4.36) cho Kba ta c:
E2 .Kba V2 .Kba Kba.(R2 j.X t2 ). I 2
(4.42)
T (4.41) v (4.42) suy ra:
E2 .Kba V2 .Kba Kba
.(R2 j.X t2 ).I'2
(4.43)
Hay:
E '2 V2 .Kba Kba
.(R2 j.X t2 ).I'2
(4.44)
Mun t iu kin phng trnh cn bng p th cp trc v sau khi qui i ng dng,
ngha l ta cn c quan h:
E '2 V '2 (R'2 j.X 't2 ).I'2
(4.45)
Thc hin php sdo snh v tng ng tng h s trong cc quan h (4.44) v (4.45) suy
ra cc thng s qui i khc cn li nh sau:
V '2 Kba.V2
R'2 Kba
X 't2 Kba
(4.46)
.R2
(4.47)
.X t2
(4.48)
Thc hin cch qui i nh trn, suy ra tng tr ti qui v s cp theo quan h sau:
2
Z 't Kba
.Z t
(4.39)
Mch tng ng qui

i th cp v s cp dng
chnh xc trnh by trong hnh
4.23. Vi kt qu tm c
I10
du ca p v sc in
I '2
I1
ng cng nh hng ca
E
'
Z
'
V
'
2
t
V1dm
2
E1
RC j.Xm
dng i qua mch m bo
ng ngha vt l ca cc
qu trnh in t xy ra v
c gii thch khi kho st
nguyn l hot ng ca my
HNH 4.23: Mch tng ng chnh xc qui i th v s cp
bin p. Cn ch trong mt
s cc ti liu, sch K Thut in du ca cc sc in ng v hng dng in thc cp qui i
trong hnh 4.23 c k hiu ngc li. Trong trng hp ny chng ta xem nh E1 l p t
ngang qua hai u ca cc phn t RC v Xm , ngha vt l ca thao tc ny tng t nh
R1
j.X t1
R'2
di t
trng hp p vL t L.
dt
j.X 't2
v sc in ng t cm eL t L.
di t
dt
ca cun dy L.
j.X t1
R1
R'2
135
j.X 't2
I10
I1
V1dm
E1
I '2
RC j.Xm
V '2
E '2
HNH 4.24:
Z 't
Mch tng ng qui

i th cp v s cp dng
chnh xc trnh by trong hnh
4.24 sau khi i du ca sc
in ng v hng ca dng
th cp qui i.
Mch tng ng ny
thng c p dng trong
phm vi vn hnh, cn xc
nh nhanh gi tr ca cc s
liu m khng cn i su vo
bn cht vt l ca thit b.
4.3.4. TH NGHIM KHNG TI CA MY BIN P :

4.3.4.1.CC C IM CH KHNG TI:
j.X t1
R1
I1O
V1dm
Rc
j.Xm
Ic
Mch tng ng ca bin p ti ch

khng ti c trnh by trong hnh 4.16. Trong ch
khng ti, chng ta cn ch n cc thng s sau:
Im
Dng khng ti I10.

Tn hao khng ti Po hay cng sut tc dng
tiu th ti s cp bin p lc khng ti.
H s cng sut khng ti coso
Trong qu trnh vn hnh thc t, khi bit trc cng sut biu kin v in p nh mc ca
bin p, chng ta xc nh c dng in nh mc s cp I1m ; t suy ra thng s phn
trm dng khng ti theo nh ngha sau:
I
I10 % 10 100
I
1dm
(4.40)
Vi my bin p thc, gi tr ca cc thng s RC v Xm rt ln, nn dng khng ti I10 c

gi tr rt thp s vi dng nh mc s cp. Vi cc my bin p cng sut ln hay trung bnh,
I10 % 3% 5% I1dm , vi bin p c cng sut nh hn 1KVA dng khng ti cho php ln cao
ti a 10% I1m. Dng khng ti c gi tr cng ln, tn hao thp cng cao.
T mch tng ng, cng sut tc dng tiu th trong s cp bin p c xc nh
theo quan h sau:
2
Po R1.I10
RC .IC2
I1O
Rc
j.Xm
Ic
V1dm
HNH 4.25
Im
(4.41)
Nh vy, tht s tn hao khng ti Po bao gm: tn hao thp

v tn hao trn in tr dy qun s cp R1 do dng khng ti. Trong
thc t do gi tr R1 << RC v dng khng ti c gi tr rt thp nn
2
thnh phn tn hao R1.I10
rt nh khng ng k. Tm li, tn hao
khng ti pha s cp xem nh tng ng vi tn hao trong li thp
Po RC .IC2 . Tn hao thp ca bin p c th xem l tng tn hao

o pha s cp lc khng ti. T cc tnh cht trn khi kho st my
bin p ch khng ti ta c th p dng mch tng ng gn
ng trnh by theo hnh 4.25.
136
IC
Vi mch gn ng, h s cng sut khng ti coso

c xc nh theo mt trong cc quan h sau :
V1dm
cos o
Im
I10
I10
Po
V1dm.I10
RC
V12dm
(4.43)
Po
V1dm
Im
Xm
(4.42)
Ngoi ra , vi mch gn ng ca bin p lc khng ti ta

cn c cc quan h sau:
HNH 4.26: Gin vector mch

s cp bin p lc khng ti
(v theo mch gn ng)
IC
IC
(4.44)
RC
2
I10
I2C
(4.45)
V1dm
(4.46)
Im
4.3.4.2.TRNH T THC HIN TH NGHIM KHNG TI:
Khi thc hin th nghim

khng ti, chng ta tin hnh tun
t theo cc bc sau:
I10
V1 V1m
V20 V2dm
HNH 4.27: s th nghim khng ti ca my bin p.
H mch th cp,
khng ni ti vo th cp.
Lp cc thit b o pha
s cp theo mch hnh 4.27.
Cp p vo s cp bin
p bng ng nh mc v c
cc gi tr trn cc thit b o.
MC TIU CA TH NGHIM KHNG TI
Thng qua th nghim khng ti vi cc s liu ghi nhn t cc thit b o s v th cp

(ch yu l pha s cp) cho php ta xc nh c cc thng s sau y ca my bin p:
T s bin p.
Dng khng ti v phn trm dng khng ti.
Tn hao thp
H s cng sut khng ti.
Cc thng s ca mch tng ng : RC v Xm
CH : i vi thnh phn in tr R1 ca dy qun s cp bin p c xc nh bng cc

phng php o khc: dng Ohm k, dng cu o Wheatsone, hay phng php Volt Ampre
vi ngun mt chiu.
TH D 4.2: Cho my bin p mt pha : 500KVA ; 2300 V/ 230V.
Cc s liu ghi nhn t th nghim khng ti vi thit b o lp s cp l: I10 = 9,4 A;
P0 = 2250 W . p dng mch tng ng gn ng ch khng ti xc nh cc thng s
RC v Xm.
137
GII:
Khi p dng mch tng ng gn ng lc khng ti ca my bin p xc nh cc
thng s: RC v Xm chng ta tin hnh tnh ton tun t 4 php tnh sau:
in tr c trng tn hao thp RC.
V12dm
RC
23002
2351, 11
2250
Po
Dng hiu dng IC (qua nhnh cha RC).
IC
V1dm
2300
0, 978 A
2351, 11
RC
Dng hiu dng Im (qua nhnh cha Xm).

2
Im I10
I2C
9, 42 0, 9782 9, 349 A
in khng t ha Xm.
Xm
V1dm
Im
2300
246, 02
9, 349
CH :
Trong trng hp cn xc nh h s cng sut khng ti ca bin p, ta p dng quan h sau:
cos0
Hay
cos0
P0
V1m.I10
IC
I10
2250
0, 104
2300.9, 4
0, 978
0, 104
9, 4
TH D 4.3:
Cho my bin p mt pha: 25KVA; 440 V / 220 V; 50 Hz, bit cc thng s ca mch tng
ng ca my bin p l:
Ti th cp : R2 = 0,0395 ; Xt2 = 0,0083 .
Ti s cp : R1 = 0,158 ; Xt1 = 0,333 .
in tr c trng tn hao thp RC = 270 .
in khng t ha : Xm = 97 .
p dng mch tng ng chnh xc, xc nh cc thng s pha s cp khi vn hnh
khng ti my bin p.
GII:
0,158
0, 333.j
I1O
Ic
V1dm 440 0 V
HNH 4.28
97
Im
270.j
Khi p dng mch tng ng chnh xc, vi

cc thng s xc nh, ta v c mch tng ng
ca my bin p theo hnh 4.28.
TNG TR PHC KHNG TI Zo
Gi Zo l tng tr phc tng ng ca hai nhnh

song song RC v Xm. Ta c:
Zo
j.Rc .Xm
Rc j.Xm
j.97.270
270 97.j
138
Zo 30, 865 85, 912.j 91, 288 70o24

TNG TR PHC MCH S CP Z1
Gi Z1 R1 j.X t1 l tng tr phc mch s cp, ta c :
Z1 0,158 j.0, 333 0, 3686 64062
p dng cu phn p suy ra p phc Vab , ta c:
Vab
Vab
Zo.V1dm
Zo Z1
91, 288 70o24 . 440 0o
30, 865 85, 912.j 0,158 0, 333.j
40166, 77 70o24
31, 023 86, 245.j
40166, 77 70o24
o
91, 655 70 22
438, 24 0o02 V
NHN XT:
p hiu dng Vab thc cht l sc in ng hiu dng E1, t kt qu ny cho thy Vab v
p s cp V1m gn nh trng pha vi nhau, ng thi gi tr hiu dng xp x bng nhau. Do
trong mt s trng hp khi tnh ton t s bin p ta xem nh E1 V1dm .
T S BIN P Kba:
p dng quan h (4.19), ta c:
Kba
E1
E2
Vab
V20
Vab
V2dm
438, 24
1, 992 2
220
Nu xem nh E1 V1dm ta c kt qu tnh ton cho t s bin p nh sau:
Kba
V1dm
V20
V1dm
V2dm
440
2
220
DNG PHC KHNG TI I10

p dng nh lut Ohm suy ra:
I10
V1dm
Z1 Zo
440
1, 625 4, 517.j 4, 8 70o21 A
31, 023 86, 245.j
I
Dng hiu dng khng ti l : I10 = 4,8 A v I10 % 10 .100 8, 45%
1dm
H S CNG SUT KHNG TI cos o
Vi cc gi tr phc V1dm
440 0 V v I10 4, 8 70o21 A suy ra h s cng
sut khng ti xc nh theo quan h sau:
cos o cos arg I10 cos 70o21 0, 3386
139
THNH PHN DNG PHC I c :

Vab 438, 24 70o24

IC
1, 623 70o2 A
RC
270
THNH PHN DNG PHC Im :

Im
Vab
438, 24 70o24 438, 24 70o24
4, 518 19o76 A
o
j.Xm
97.j
97 90
TN HAO KHNG TI Po :
Vi mch tng ng chnh xc, ta suy ra tn hao khng ti gm hai thnh phn: tn hao
thp c trng bi Rc v tn hao trn dy qun s cp do R1. Ta c:
2
Po Pth Pj10 RC .I2C R1.I10
270.1, 6232 0, 158.4, 82
Po 711, 215 3, 64 714, 855 715 W

NHN XT:
Vi kt qu tm c cho thy: ti ch khng ti , tn hao trn dy qun s cp c gi
tr rt thp so vi tn hao trong li thp. Do trong mt s trng hp cn tnh ton nhanh mt
cch gn ng, ta c th xem tn hao khng ti chnh l tn hao thp.
4.3.5. TH NGHIM NGN MCH CA MY BIN P :

4.3.5.1.CC C IM CH NGN MCH V TH NGHIM NGN MCH:
R1
j.X t1
R'2
I10
V1dm
I1
E1
RC j.Xm
j.X 't2
Ch ngn mch ca bin

p xy ra khi tng tr ti pha th
E '2
I '2
Z 't 0
HNH 4.29: Mch tng ng lc ngn mch ti th cp
V '2
cp c gi tr Z t 0 . Trong
trng hp ny nu p s cp vn
duy tr ng nh mc, dng th
v s cp ca bin p c gi tr rt
cao. Dng s cp lc ngn mch c
th ln n mc 10 30 .I1dm .
Trong th nghim ngn mch chng ta cn gim thp p cp vo s cp trnh tnh

trng dng s v cp c gi tr rt ln c th dn n tnh trng qu nhit lm h hng cch
in ca cc b dy qun.
Vi tn hao trn dy qun s v th cp thay i v ph thuc vo gi tr bnh phng
dng hiu dng s v th cp, nn khi ti thay i tn hao ny bin ng theo ln v tnh
cht ca ti. Trong th nghim ngn mch, chng ta mun xc nh tn hao tng trn cc b dy
qun bin p khi dng qua cc b dy t gi tr bng ng nh mc.
Tn hao trn cc b dy qun ti gi tr ti bt k thng c gi l tn hao ng. K

hiu dung cho tn hao ng trn dy qun s cp l Pj1 v th cp l Pj2 .
140
4.3.5.2.TRNH T THC HIN TH NGHIM NGN MCH:
Khi thc hin th nghim ngn mch, chng ta tin hnh tun t theo cc bc sau:
Ngn mch th cp hay ni

tt hai u ra th cp bng dy dn c
I2n I2dm
I1n I1dm
tng tr Z t 0 .
Lp cc thit b o pha s cp
theo mch hnh 4.30.
iu chnh gim thp p vo
s cp bin p n mc V1n sao cho
dng ngn mch qua dy qun s v
th cp bng gi tr nh mc. c
cc gi tr trn cc thit b o.
V2 0 V
V1 V1n
HNH 4.30: s th nghim ngn mch ca my bin p.
MCH TNG NG CA BIN P LC TH NGHIM NGN MCH:
Ti th nghim ngn mch khi gim thp p cp vo s cp, ta rt ra cc nhn xt sau:

j.X t1
R1
Gi tr thc t ca p V1n rt
thp so vi p nh mc V1m, thng
j.X 't2
R'2
I10
I1dm
V1n
I '2dm
Z 't 0
RC j.Xm
thng V1n 5% 15% V1dm . Do

p Vab t ngang qua hai u
in tr RC cng gim thp. Ngoi
ra tn hao thp t l thun vi
Vab
nn tn hao thp xem nh
khng ng k trong th nghim

ngn mch.
HNH 4.31
j.X t1
R1
R'2
j.X 't2
j.Xn
Rn
T
phng
trnh cn bng dng
I1n I1dm
V1n
I1n I1dm
V1n
HNH 4.32 : Mch tng ng bin p trong th nghim ngn mch
in I1 I'2 I10 , lc
th nghim ngn mch
do p Vab gim rt thp
nn dng hiu dng
I10 0 suy ra khi dng
I1 I1n I1dm th dng

I2 I2n I2dm .
Mch tng ng ca bin p trong th nghim ngn mch c thu gn theo hnh 4.32
Trong :
Rn R1 R'2
(4.47)
Xn X t1 X 't2
(4.48)
Zn Rn j.Xn
(4.49)
Zn l tng tr ngn mch, Rn l thnh phn in tr ngn mch, Xn l thnh phn in

khng ngn mch.
141
Vi mch tng ng thu gn trong hnh 4.32, khi o c cc thng s: V1n , Pn v I1n
chng ta thc hin cc php tnh sau suy ra cc thnh phn ca tng tr ngn mch.
Zn
Rn
V1n
I1n
V1n
(4.50)
I1dm
Pn
(4.51)
I12n
Xn
Zn2 Rn2
(4.52)
MC TIU CA TH NGHIM NGN MCH
Thng qua th nghim ngn mch vi cc s liu nhn c t cc thit b o s v th

cp (ch yu l pha s cp) cho php ta xc nh c cc thng s sau y :
T s bin p da vo t s dng in ngn mch s v th cp.
Tn hao ng nh mc hay tn hao trn dy qun s v th cp tng ng vi cc
gi tr dng hiu dng qua dy qun bng nh mc.
H s cng sut ngn mch o s cp.
Cc thng s ca mch tng ng : Rn v Xn hay tng tr ngn mch
CH : Vi th nghim ngn mch chng ta ch xc nh c gin tip gi tr in khng ngn

mch Xn , nhng khng th tch ring c cc thnh phn in khng tn t s cp X t1 v
thnh phn in khng tn t th cp quai v s cp X 't2 .
TH D 4.4:
Cho my bin p mt pha 500 KVA ; 2300 V / 230 V . Khi thc hin th nghim ngn mch
vi cc thit b lp s cp, s liu o c gm : V1n = 94,5 V ; Pnm = 8220 W ; I1n = 217 A.
Xc nh cc thnh phn Rn v Xn ca tng tr ngn mch.
GII:
Khi bit thng s nh mc ca bin p, ta th xc nh dng nh mc s cp. Dng in
ny chnh l gi tr dng in cn t c pha s cp trong th nghim ngn mch.
I1dm
Sdm
V1dm
500000
217, 39 A
2300
Gi tr tm c ph hp vi s liu ghi nhn lc thc hin th nghim ngn mch.

Tng tr ngn mch ca bin p:
Znm
Rn
Thnh phn in tr ngn mch:
V1n
I1dm
Pn
I12n
94, 5
0, 4355
217
8220
2172
0, 1746
Thnh phn in khng ngn mch:
Xn
Zn2 Rn2
0, 43552 0, 1762 0, 3984
142
Vi cc phn tch trong cc th nghim khng ti v th nghim, khi vn hnh my bin p

cn xc nh nhanh gn ng cc s liu, ta xem nh:
Chnh lch p gy ra do tng tr Z1 R1 j.X t1 pha s cp rt nh.
Tn hao thp khng thay i theo ln ca ti .
Tn hao thp ch ph thuc p ngun s cp v t l thun vi bnh phng p s cp.
Vi cc gi thit trn, ta c mch tng ng dng gn ng ca bin p qui th v s
cp c chuyn i t mch chnh xc trnh by trong hnh 4.33. Mch gn ng c suy ra
bng cch chuyn mch t ha v pha ngun s cp.
j.X t1
R1
I1
R'2
I '2
I10
V1dm
RC j.Xm
j.Xn
Rn
j.X 't2
V '2
Z 't
V1dm
I10
I1
RC
I '2
j.Xm
V '2
Z 't
HNH 4.33 : Mch tng ng qui th v s cp ca my bin p dng gn ng.
TH D 4.5:
Cho my bin p mt pha 50 KVA ; 2400 V / 600 V ; 50 Hz. Cc s liu ghi nhn t cc th
nghim nh sau:
TH NGHIM KHNG TI: cc thit b o lp pha th cp (h p) cp ngun vo pha
th cp v h mch th cp.
V2dm = 600 V ; I20 = 3,34 A ; Po = 484 W.

TH NGHIM NGN MCH: cc thit b o lp pha s cp (cao p) cp ngun vo pha
s cp v ngnmch th cp.
V1n = 76,4 V ; I1n = 20,8 A ; Pn = 754 W.

Xc nh cc thng s ca mch tng ng dng gn ng qui th v s cp.
GII:
1. THNG S MCH TNG NG T TH NGHIM KHNG TI:
Vi phng php th nghim khng ti cho trong u bi, thay v lp cc thit b o vo s

cp, h mch th cp v cp p s cp bng ng nh mc ta li thc hin ngc li.
S kin ny thng c p dng trong thc t v cc thit b o c ch to vi in p
thp t 600 V tr xung, do tnh cht ca vt liu cch in dng trong thit b o. Nh vy vi p
s cp 2400 V rt kh tm c thit b o c kh nng chu ng c cp in p ny.
iu quan trng cn lu , nu thc hin in p cao cho th nghim rt kh khn m
bo an ton cho con ngi trong qu trnh th nghim. Ngoi ra mun to c in p cao cn
phi c thit b to ngun cao p cp vo bin p khi thc hin th nghim.
Nh vy, khi tin hnh th nghim khng ti t pha th cp mun xc nh cc thng s
RC v Xm ca mch tng ng qui v s cp, ta c th thc hin theo mt trong hai phng
php sau:
PP1: Xc nh s liu RC v Xm ti pha th cp ri qui i v s cp theo (4.47) v (4.48)
PP2: Qui i s liu th nghim o c th v s ri xc nh cc thng s.
143
PHNG PHP 1:
Xc nh cc thngs RC v Xm theo th nghim khng ti pha th cp
RC2
in tr c trng tn hao thp:
V22dm
Po
6002
743, 802
484
600
Dng hiu dng IC2 (qua nhnh cha RC2): IC2 2dm
0, 8067 A
RC2
743, 802
Dng hiu dng Im2 (qua nhnh cha Xm2).
2
Im2 I20
I2C2
3, 342 0, 80672 3, 241 A
600
in khng t ha: Xm2 2dm

185, 12
3, 241
Im2
T s bin p:
Kba
E1
E2
V1dm
V2dm
2400
4
600
in tr c trng tn hao thp qui v s cp:

2
RC Kba
.RC2 42.743, 802 11900, 832 11, 9 k
in khng t ha qui v s cp:

2
Xm Kba
.Xm2 42.185, 12 2961, 92 2962
PHNG PHP 2:
Trong th nghim khng ti theo phn tch trn, cng sut tc dng tiu th trong bin p
thc cht l tn hao thp khi cp p vo dy qun bng ng nh mc. Nh vy tn hao o
trong th nghim khng ti khi thc hin pha s cp hay pha th cp s c gi tr bng nhau.
Tm li nu xem nh h s cng sut khng ti lc thc hin th nghim khng ti pha s
hay th cp c gi tr gn bng nhau, ta suy ra quan h sau:
Po V1dm.I10 .cos 10 V2dm.I20 .cos 20

Hay:
I10 .cos 10
I20 .cos 20
V2dm
V1dm
Tm li:
I10 2dm I20

V
1dm
T s liu th nghim khng ti pha th cp ta qui v s liu th nghim khng ti pha s
cp nh sau:
600
I10 2dm I20
.3, 34 0, 835 A
V
2400
1dm
Tn hao khng ti l : Po 484 W v p cp vo s cp l: V1dm 2400 V , cc thng
s ca nhnh t ha c xc nh nh sau:
144
in tr c trng tn hao thp:
RC
V12dm
Po
24002
11900, 826 11, 9 k
484
V1dm
IC
Dng hiu dng IC (qua nhnh cha RC):
RC
2400
0, 20167 A
11900, 826
Dng hiu dng Im (qua nhnh cha Xm).

2
Im I10
I2C
0, 8352 0, 201672 0, 81028 A
2400
in khng t ha: Xm 1dm

2961, 93 2962
Im
0, 81028
Kt qu tm c t hai phng php tnh hon ton trng khp nhau.
2. THNG S MCH TNG NG T TH NGHIM NGN MCH:
Znm
Tng tr ngn mch ca bin p:
Rn
Thnh phn in tr ngn mch:
V1n
I1n
Pn
I12n
76, 4
3, 673
20, 8
754
20, 82
1, 7428
Thnh phn in khng ngn mch:
Xn
Zn2 Rn2
3, 6732 1, 74282 3, 233
TH D 4.6:
Vi my bin p cho trong th d 4.5 khi th cp mang ti c tng tr phc l:
Z t 6, 4 4, 8.j ; p dng mch tng ng gn ng tnh p V2 khi bin p mang ti

GII:
Rn 1, 743
I1
I10
I1
I2
I '2
V1dm
RC 11, 9 k
j.Xn 3, 233.j
j.Xm
V '2
2, 962.j k
Z 't
V1m 2400 V
V2
Z t 6, 4 4, 8.j
Tng tr ti qui v qui v s cp:
2
Z 't Kba
.Z t 42. 6, 4 4, 8.j 102, 4 76, 8.j
p dng cu phn p suy ra p phc trn ti qui i:
V '2
Z 't .V1dm
Zn Z 't
102, 4 76, 8.j .2400 0o
1, 743 3, 233.j 102, 4 76, 8.j
145
Suy ra:
V '2 2338, 74904 27, 4344.j 2338, 91 0o67 V

p hiu dng ti th cp bin p (p dng cng thc qui i p v s cp):
V '2
V2
Kba
2338, 91
584, 73 V
4
4.4. GIAN PHN B NNG LNG VA HIU SUT CUA MAY BIN AP:
4.4.1. GIN PHN B NNG LNG :
j.X t1
R1
I10
I1
V1dm
j.X 't2
R'2
Khi bin p ang mang ti

bt k, s phn b cc thnh
phn cng sut tc dng c
tm tt trong gin nng
lng, hnh 4.34.
Gin ny c xy dng
da vo mch in tng
ng ca my bin p.
I '2
V '2
RC j.Xm
Z 't
cos 2
P2 V2 .I2 .cos 2
P1 V1dm.I1.cos 1
Po Pthep Rc .I2c
Pj1 Pj2 R1.I12 R2 .I22
HNH 4.34 : Gin nng lng ca my bin p.
CNG SUT IN P1 : l cng

sut tc dng cp vo s cp t
ngun.
CNG SUT TI P2 : l cng
sut tc dng t th cp cp n
ti, y chnh l cng sut tc
dng tiu th trn ti.
TN HAO NG PJ1 V PJ2 : l
cc thnh phn cng sut tc
dng tiu th trn cc in tr
ca dy qun s v th cp.
TN HAO THP PTHP: bao gm
cc tn hao trn li thp do dng
xay Foucault v t tr.
Gi l hiu sut ca bin p, c nh ngha nh sau:
P2
P1
(4.53)
Cc thnh phn tn hao trn dy qun bin p v tn hao trn li thp c gi tn hao
tng ca bin p, ta c k hiu nh sau:
Tonhao P1 P2 Pj1 Pj2 Pthep
(4.54)
Thnh phn tn hao thp c xem l tn hao o c trong th nghim khng ti

thnh phn tn hao ny khng thay i theo ti v ch ph thuc vo p ngun cp vo s cp.
Thnh phn tn hao ng hay trn cc b dy qun c gi tr thay i khi dng in s
v th cp thay i. Ni cch khc cc thnh phn tn hao ng thay i khi ti thay i. Thnh
phn tn hao ny thng c xc nh theo gi tr Pn cng sut tc dng o c trong th
nghim ngn mch .
146
Ta c:
Pj1 Pj2
R1.I12
R'2 .I'22
R1.I12
2
Kba
.R2
I
. 2
K
ba
Pj1 Pj2 R1.I12 R2 .I22 R1.I12 R '2 .I'22
(4.55)
p dng nh ngha ca h s ti theo (4.17) ta c:
R . K .I
K . R .I
R .I
Pj1 Pj2 R1. K t .I1dm
Pj1 Pj2
2
t
t 2dm
2
1 1dm
2
2 2dm
(4.56)
Vi Pn l cng sut tc dng o c trong th nghim ngn mch, Pn l tn hao trong

dy qun bin p khi dng i qua dy qun c gi tr bng dng nh mc. Nh vy Pn chnh l
tn hao ng nh mc ca bin p. Tm li quan h (4.56) c ghi li nh sau:
Pj1 Pj2 K2t .Pn
(4.57)
4.4.2. BIU THC HIU SUT:

Vi nh ngha ca hiu sut theo (4.53). ta vit li nh sau:
P2
P1
P2
P2 Pj1 Pj2 Pthep
(4.58)
Ti ti bt k ta vit li quan h trn nh sau:
S2 .cos 2
S2 .cos 2 Pj1 Pj2 Pthep
(4.59)
Trong cos 2 l h s cng sut pha th cp cng chnh l h s cng sut ca ti.
S2 l cng sut biu kin cp n ti t th cp. p dng nh ngha ca h s ti ta c:
Kt .Sdm.cos 2
K t .Sdm cos 2 Pj1 Pj2 Pthep
(4.60)
T cc quan h (4.57) v (4.60) ta c:
K t .Sdm.cos 2
K t .Sdm cos 2 K2t .Pn Po
(4.61)
TH D 4.7:
Vi my bin p cho trong th d 4.5 khi th cp mang ti c h s sng sut l 0,8 tr
Xc nh hiu sut bin p ti na ti nh mc (ng Kt = 0,5).
GII:
Trong th d 4.5 ta c cc s liu sau: Sm = 50 KVA ; V1m = 2400 V ; V2m = 600 V , cc
thnh phn tn hao o c t cc th nghim l : Po = 484 W , Pn = 754 W.
147
p dng quan h (4.61) ta c kt qu sau:
K t .Sdm.cos 2
K t .Sdm cos 2 K2t .Pn Po
0, 5.50000.0, 8
0, 5.50000.0, 8 0, 52.754 484
Suy ra:
20000
20000
0, 96746
20000 188, 5 484 20672, 5
Ta c th ghi % : hiu sut tnh theo % theo quan h sau: % .100 %

Tm li:
96, 75 %
4.4.3. HIU SUT CC I:

Vi quan h hiu sut tm c theo (4.61) cho thy: nu bit trc cc thng s nh
mc ca bin p th hiu sut l hm s theo bin s Kt , trong h s cng sut ca ti
ng vai tr thng s. Hm hiu sut f K t theo bin s K t c dng hm hu t. Ta phn tch
hm s f K t nh sau
xc nh Kt ,
Min xc nh : hm f K t
c dng uv
o hm: hm f K t
u Sm .cos 2 .K t
t:
K t 0, 1 .
v Pn .K2t Sm.cos 2 .K t Po
u' Sm .cos 2
v ' 2 Pn .K t
.cos 2
o hm vit theo dng sau:
Sm.cos 2
d
vu' uv '
P P .K2
n
t
o
2
2
dK t
v
Pn .K t Sm.cos 2 .K t Po

ca tam thc bc 2 thiu Po Pn .K2t .
o hm trit tiu khi Po Pn .K2t 0 ; ng thi du ca o hm cng chnh l du
Kt
d
dK t
Ta c bng bin thin ca hm s nh sau:
Po
Po
Pn
Pn
max
f Kt
0+
148
TH CA C TUYN HIU SUT THEO H S TI
ng hiu sut nhn trc hanh lm ng tim cn ngang.

ng biu din hiu sut c xc nh theo mt trong hai dng sau:
Po
1 ; ng biu din trnh by trong hnh 4.35.
TRNG HP 1: Khi
TRNG HP 2 : Khi
0 1
max
Pn
Kt
HNH 4.35: th
Po
Pn
; ng biu din trnh by trong hnh 4.36
Pn
Po
max
0 1
Po
Pn
Kt
Kt
Po
Pn
f K t theo trng hp 1
HNH 4.36: th
Kt
Po
Pn
f K t theo trng hp 2
Vi cc kt qu trn, chng ta rt ra nhn xt nh sau:

Khi 0
Po
Pn
1 hiu sut bin p t cc i lc K t
Po K2t .Pn . Gi tr K2t .Pn
Po
Pn
. Ti lc ny ta c:
l tn hao trn dy qun ti h s ti tm c y chnh l tn hao
ng ti h s ti tng ng.
Tm li bin p t hiu sut cc i ti gi tr ti c tnh cht: tn hao thp bng tn
hao ng.
Khi 0 1
Po
Pn
; hiu sut bin p cc i ti K t 1; bin p trng thi qu ti . V
hiu sut l hm ng bin theo h s ti trong phm vi kho st , nn hiu sut bin p t gi
tr ln nht lc K t 1.
Hiu sut bin p cc i lc y ti hay ti nh mc.
149
TH D 4.8: Cho my bin p mt pha : 500KVA ; 2300 V / 230 V c cc tn hao o trong th

nghim khng ti v th nghim ngn mch l : P0 = 2250 W ; Pn = 8220 W.
Xc nh hiu sut ca my bin p ln lt ti cc trng hp sau:
a./ TRNG HP 1: H s cng sut ti l 0,8 tr ; v h s ti ln lt l 0,2 ; 0,4 ; 0,5 ; 0,6;

0,8 ; 1. Xc nh h s ti ng vi hiu sut cc i .
b./ TRNG HP 2: H s ti Kt = 0,75 v h s cng sut ti ln lt l 0,7 tr ; 1 ; 0,7 sm.
GII:
a./ TRNG HP 1:
Khi h s cng sut ti l 0,8 tr , ta c quan h hiu sut nh sau:
400000.K t
8220.K2t 400000.K t 2250
Th ln lt cc gi tr Kt vo quan h trn ta tm c bng tr s sau:
Kt
%
0,2
96,88
0,4
97,82
0,5
97,89
0,6
97,87
0,8
97,71
1
97,45
Ti lc hiu sut cc i, ta c :
P0
Kt
Pnm
2250
0, 5232
8220
Gi tr hiu sut cc i t c trong trng hp 1 l :
max
400000.K t
8220.K2t 400000.K t 2250
0, 97895
b./ TRNG HP 2:
Khi h s ti l Kt = 0,75 v h s cng sut ph ti thay i ; hiu sut c xc nh
theo quan h sau:
K t .500000.cos2
K t .500000.cos2 2250 8220.K2t
Suy ra:
375000.cos2
375000.cos2 6873, 75
Khi h s cng sut ti thay i ta ghi nhn kt qu trong bng gi tr sau:
cos2
0,7 tr
97,45
1
98,2
0,7 sm
97,45
150
4.5. CHNH LCH IN AP TAI TH CP BIN AP LUC MANG TAI:

khi bin p mang ti , in p o hai u th cp bin p lc ny cng chnh l p t
ngang qua hai u ti l V2 . Vi V2dm : in p th cp nh mc cng chnh l p th cp khng
ti. chnh lch in p ti th cp c xc nh theo quan h sau:
V V2dm V2
(4.62)
Phn trm ca chnh lch p pha th cp c nh ngha nh sau:
V
V2
V% 2dm
.100
V
2
(4.62)
TH D 4.9:
Vi bin p cho trong th d 4.6, xc nh phn trm ca chnh lch p pha th cp
GII:
T kt qu tnh ton trong th d 4.6, ta c p hiu dng th cp khi mang ti l :
V2 V2 584, 73 V
Vi p th cp nh mc: V2dm 600 V , ta suy ra phn trm chnh lch p ti th cp
theo quan h sau:
V
V2
600 584, 73
V% 2dm
.100
.100 2, 612 %
V2
584, 63
BI TP CHNG 4
BI TP 4.1
Cho my bin p : 5KVA, 500V / 100V c th v cho kt qu sau:
Hiu sut cc i khi my pht 3KVA.
Khi a in p 100V vo pha h p v h mch pha cao p th my tiu th 100W v
ly dng in 3A.
Tnh hiu sut khi my mang ti nh mc vi h s cng sut 0,8 tr.
BI TP 4.2
Cho my bin p phn phi : 500 KVA. 2300V / 230V c th v cho cc kt qu nh sau:
Th khng ti (a in vo pha h p): V2 = 230V ; I2 = 94 A ; P2 = 2250W

Th ngn mch ( a in vo pha cao p): V1 = 100V ; I1 = 230A ; P1 = 9200W.
Tnh cc thng s ca mch tng ng quy v s cp .
BI TP 4.3
Tnh li bi 4.2 nu cc kt qu th nghim ghi nhn nh sau :
Th khng ti (a in vo pha h p): V2 = 208V ; I2 = 85 A ; P2 = 1800W
Th ngn mch ( a in vo pha cao p): V1 = 95V ; I1 = 218A ; P1 = 8200W.
151
BI TP 4.4
Khi my bin p cho trong bi 4.3 pht ti nh mc vi h s cng sut ti l cos = 1.
Tnh hiu sut ca my bin p theo cc phng php sau:
Dng mch tng ng chnh xc.
Dng mch tng ng gn ng.
BI TP 4.5
Mt my bin p 120V 50Hz tiu th 75W v 1,5 A lc khng ti. Cho in tr dy qun s
cp l 0,4 . Xc nh:
Tn hao li thp.
H s cng sut lc khng ti.
BI TP 4.6
Cho thng s ca mch tng ng chnh xc ca my bin p 150 KVA, 2400 V / 240 V
l : R1= 0,2 ; R2 = 0,2 ; Xt1 = 0,45 ; Xt2 = 0,45; RC = 10K; Xm = 1,55K . My pht cng
sut nh mc cho ti c h s cng sut cos = 1. Xc nh:
Phn trm st p.
Hiu sut ca my bin p.
BI TP 4.7
Tnh li bi 4.6 khi dng mch tng ng gn ng cho my bin p.
So snh kt qu nhn c vi cc kt qu tnh ton trong bi 4.6.
BI TP 4.8
Cho my bin p: 100 KVA; 2200 V / 220 V 50Hz c thit k lm vic vi t cm
cc i l B = 1,2 T . Bit sc in ng cm ng 15 V / 1 vng dy . Hy xc nh:
S vng dy qun s cp; th cp.
Tit din li thp (mch t) ca my bin p.
BI TP 4. 9
Cho bin p: 10KVA; 220 V /110 V 50Hz c th vi cc dng c o lp pha cao p:
Th khng ti : 500 W; 220V ; 3,16A.
Th ngn mch: 400W ; 65V ; 10A.
V mch tng ng gn ng quy v s cp.
Suy ra mch tng ng gn ng quy v th cp.
BI TP 4.10
S vng dy qun s cp v th cp ca mt my bin p ln lt l 100 vng v 80 vng .
Tit din li thp l 32 cm2 .
Li thp b bo ha nu tr s hiu dng ca t cm sin vt qu 1,4 T .
Vi ngun p sin c tn s 50Hz c in p ti a bao nhiu bin p khng bo ha, xc
nh p th cp lc .
BI TP 4.11
My bin p 50KVA; 2400V / 240V c tn hao ng nh mc l 680W v tn hao thp l
760W. Xc nh:
Hiu sut ca my bin p lc y ti v na ti, bit h s cng sut ti l cos = 1.
Tnh h s ti khi hiu sut ca my bin p t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr hiu sut cc
i lc cos = 1.
BI TP 4.12
My bin p 24 KVA, 2400 V / 120 V c tn hao thp l 400W v tn hao ng nh mc l
900W . Tnh hiu sut ca my khi n pht 85 A cho ti c h s cng sut l cos = 0,8 sm.
152
BI TP 4.13
My bin p 50 KVA t hiu sut cc i khi mang ti l 35 KVA . Tnh hiu sut ca my
bin p khi ti c h s cng sut l cos = 0,8 tr ; bit tn hao khng ti ca bin p l 200 W.
BI TP 4.14
Trong th nghim ngn mch ca my bin p: 100 KVA; 12000 V / 240 V; chng ta tng
dn in p s cp cho n khi dng ngn mch th cp t gi tr nh mc. in p v cng
sut o c pha s cp lc ny l 600 V v 1200W. Hy xc nh:
Thng s Rn v Xn ca bin p.
My bin p cung cp 100 KVA in p 240V cho ti c h s cng sut cos = 0,8 tr.
Tnh in p v h s cng sut pha s cp.
BI TP 4.15
Cng sut khng ti a vo my bin p 5 KVA; 500 V / 100 V l 100W in p nh
mc v h s cng sut khng ti coso = 0,15 .
Khi my mang ti nh mc, st p qua in tr v in khng tn t bng 1% v 2% in
p nh mc. Tnh cng sut v h s cng sut pha s cp khi my pht 3 KW cho ti in p
nh mc v h s cng sut ti l cos = 0,8 tr.
BI TP 4.16
Cng sut khng ti a vo my bin p: 50 KVA; 2300 V / 230 V l 2000 VA in p
nh mc v h s cng sut khng ti coso = 0,15 .
Khi my mang ti nh mc, st p qua in tr v in khng tn t bng 1,2% v 1,8%
in p nh mc. Tnh cng sut v h s cng sut pha s cp khi my pht 30KW cho ti
in p nh mc v h s cng sut ti l cos = 0,8 tr.
BI TP 4.17
Trong th nghim ngn mch ca bin p 50KVA; 4400 V / 220 V ; dng, p, cng sut o
c pha s cp l 10,8 A ; 120 V v 544 W .
By gi cho my pht dng nh mc in p 220V v h s cng sut ti cos = 0,8 tr
Hy xc nh in p phi cung cp vo pha cao p.
BI TP 4.18 Cho my bin p c t s bin p Kba
E1
E2
V1
V20
5 v cc thng s ca mch
tng ng bin p nh sau:
PHA S CP:
R1 = 0,5 ; Xt1 = 3,2 ; RC = 350 ; Xm = 98
PHA TH CP: R2 = 0,021 ; Xt2 = 0,12 .

Xc nh mch tng ng bin p qui i v s cp v mch tng ng ca bin p khi
qui i v th cp.
BI TP 4.19
Cho thng s ca mch tng ng my bin p : 150 KVA, 2400 V / 240 V l :
R1 = 0,2 ; Xt1 = 0,45 ; RC = 10 K ; Xm = 1,55 K ; R2 = 0,002 ; Xt2 = 0,0045
a./ p dng mch tng ng chnh xc tnh V% v hiu sut bin p ti lc ti nh mc vi
h s cng sut ti l 0,8 tr.
b./ Tnh li cu a khi dng mch tng ng gn ng.

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BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

4.1.PHN LOAI VA TNG QUAN V CU TAO MAY BIN AP :

HNH 4.1: Hnh dng v kt cu ca mt s dng bin p 1 pha.

HNH 4.2: Hnh dng v kt cu ca mt s dng bin p 3 pha

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

Chng ta c kt cu bin p 1 pha lai bc

HNH 4.3: L thp E, I bin p 1 pha.

Trong cc bin p 3 pha lai mch

HNH 4.4 : Kt cu ca bin p dng variac

Dy qun bin p bng ng hay nhm

i hc Bch Khoa Tp H Ch Minh Khoa in in T Phng Th Nghim My in v Thc Tp in- 2009

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

HNH 4.6: Dy qun v cc u ra ca dy qun trn bin p 3 pha.

4.2.CAC INH LUT IN T AP DUNG KHAO SAT NGUYN LY MAY BIN AP :

T trng tao bi day dan thang

T trng tao bi dong qua cuon day solenoid

HNH 4.7: Qui tc bn tay phi nh hng ng sc t trng to bi dng qua dy dn .

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

QUI TC BN TAY PHI

Trong mch t, lng ng sc xuyn qua tit

Trong gc l gc hp bi vector php tuyn n

ca tit din A vi vector t cm B .

S lng ng sc t trng xuyn qua tit

Khi hng ca vector php tuyn n v hng ca vector t cm B trng nhau, ng

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

Nh bit, in tr R l i lng c trng tnh cn tr dng in i trong vt dn

Tng t trong mch t c trng tnh dn t, cho php ng sc t trng i qua

: h s t thm ca vt liu st t to thnh mch t , (H :Henry)

: b di ng sc trung bnh i trong mch t , m

A : tit din ca mch t , s m2 .

Trong trng hp mch t

i hc Bch Khoa Tp H Ch Minh Khoa in in T Phng Th Nghim My in v Thc Tp in- 2009

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

Trong Ltb l tng b di ng sc trung bnh trong mch t ; H l cng t

4.2.4.NH LUT OHM TRONG MCH T :

Khi cc ng sc i trong mch t theo hng thng gc vi tit din mch t ti mi

Quan h (4.11) c gi l nh lut Ohm trong mch t.

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

4.2.5. NH LUT CM NG IN T CNG THC FARADAY NH LUT LENZ :

dng sin i Im.cos t qua b dy. Theo nh lut Ampre,

Trong : Fm = N.Im l: bin ca sc t ng F.

: bin ca t thng. Kho st ti tit din A bt k trong mch t, t

i hc Bch Khoa Tp H Ch Minh Khoa in in T Phng Th Nghim My in v Thc Tp in- 2009

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

Vi cun dy c N vng dy qun (ni tip) , sc in ng cm ng sinh ra trn tan b

Du ( ) trong cng thc Faraday (4.15) c trng cho khuynh hng ca sc in

4.3.NGUYN TC HOAT NG CUA MAY BIN AP:

HNH 4.10: S nguyn l ca my bin p 1 pha

i hc Bch Khoa Tp H Ch Minh Khoa in in T Phng Th Nghim My in v Thc Tp in- 2009

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

4.3.1. THNG S NH MC:

in p s cp nh mc (k hiu l V1m) l in p ngun cp n ng vo bin p theo

HNH 4.11: trng thi khng ti

in p s cp c cp t ngun bng ng nh mc : V1 = V1m .

Dng in nh mc s cp (k hiu l I1m) v dng in nh mc pha th cp (k

HNH 4.12: Cc trng thi mang ti ca my bin p

Trong hnh 4.12 khi cp ti vo th cp bin p trong trng thi ny ta c cc kt qu sau:

BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 4

Vi my bin p 1 pha cng sut nh mc ca my bin p (k hiu l Sm) l cng sut

Khi my bin p mang ti, bit c mc ti ca my bin p so vi cng sut

Trong S2 cng sut biu kin ang cp n ti t th cp bin p: S2 V2 .I2

My bin p ang mang na ti khi K t 0, 5

Sm = 10 KVA = 10000 VA.

T cc thng s trn ta suy ra gi tr cho cc dng in s v th cp nh mc nh sau: