1.

OP Amp Integrator
Integrator ,
,
capacitor
.

capacitor distortion linear

Integrator . Inverting input Virtual ground
. DC offset
capacitor saturation .
(a)

capacitor 100 ,
DC saturation .

(+)

(-)

saturation .

capacitor

(b) T Network

(a) ,
.

. T Network , 100 1 10
. Thevenin () =100

, =1 .

output 101
.
(c) Using a Switch

FET Transistor , JFET, MOSFET

. FET FET
capacitor saturation , solution
.

2. Differentiator
Differentiator
, triangle wave sine wave
, square wave
RC
.

OP Amp , Inverting Input Virtual Ground

Differentiator . Gain
.

Gain

Differentiator Gain ,

Integrator Gain .
3. Rectifier

 Rectifier ( ), Diode
0.6V 0.6V
, V<0 diode .
V<0 V=0 .
OP Amp Rectifier ( ), input
amp output input 0.6V . voltage drop
. V<0 diode 0 , amp
output amp saturation .
,

. . amp output,
saturation .
4. OP Amps Departures from Ideal
OP Amp Golden Rules . input
amp . Golden Rules
. amp
.
A. Offset Voltage
Offset Voltage input .

OP Amp Offset Voltage . LF411

Offset Voltage 0.8, input .

 LF411 JFET Gate input .

OP Amp 1() 5() ,
Offset Voltage ,
amp Offset Voltage 0
.
B. Bias Current
Bias Current input .

LF411 Bias Current Offset

Current(C )
50 200
.
FET LF411
Bias Current ,
0
100 100
.
amp BJT , BJT

.

Bias Current .

1001 . 1001 LF411

saturation .
saturation input
. bias current

 , input inverting input 10

saturation offset .

bias current
Inverting input Non-inverting input
ground .
, Non-inverting input
.
C. Offset Current
Offset Current Bias Current , . B
25~100 .
BJT .
.

( ) ( ) .
. .
.

input error ,
.

D. AC Amplifier
,
.

gain

, =
gain

3dB .

.

E. Slew Rate & Roll-off of Gain

OP Amp
. .
Gain , LF411
10
, LPF
Gain .
. Gain

6dB/octave

Speed .

Maximum

F. Output Current Limit

OP Amp Follower , 0 .
OP Amp .
0 . OP Amp
0.1V . 25
. 4 Voltage swing
, 1 25 .

 1 : OP Amp Limitations
: OP Amp

(a) Slew Rate

.
1 square wave . , saturation
. Full Slew Rate input signal
, slewing up & down .
sine wave .
OP Amp LF741 .
(b) Offset Voltage

1000 Non-inverting amplifier . OP Amp 741 .

Input offset .
741 80 , .
741 1 5 10
.

(c) Bias Current

(b) 100 10
0.08~0.5 .
(d) Offset Current
OP Amp input 10 .
DC level 0.02~0.2
.
: OP Amp , slew rate , ,
.
2 : Integrator
: Integrator

Integrator 1 square wave .

15V saturation function generator offset
control . 2V(pp), 500 square input
peak-to-peak triangle wave .
10 .
: 10 10 DC
saturation .

 3 : Differentiator
: OP Amp Differentiator

Differentiator . 1 Triangle wave .

.
: amp , sine
.
4 : AC Amplifier : microphone amplifier
: AC Amplifier , Gain

 AC Amplifier .
load Gain .
amp .

: Gain , 1 .

5 : Active Rectifier
: Rectifier

Rectifier . output amp output

.
100 sine wave .
.
: saturation .
6 : Improved Active Rectifier
: Active Rectifier

5 .
: 5 , diode saturation .

 7 : Active Clamp
: Active Rectifier,

Active Clamp .
1 sine wave .
, diode
.
: input clamp
.

The Art of Electronics, Paul Horowitz, Winfield Hill, Cambridge University Press.
Lecture 1-9.ppt made by Professor Ryo In-hwan
http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/8577/NSC/LF411.html