1.

Effect of Feedback

Feedback .

. B , B

. , , amp

A .

. + positive feedback, - negative
feedback .

( input .) input impedance ,

. B feedback ,

.
(input output .) output impedance

output impedance 0 .

OP-Amp , B=1
A . , x
, 6dB/octave .
output inverting input, Ground
B=0.01
. A A
.
2. Positive Feedback

LF411 Comparator Comparator()

, .
311 Comparator 311 OP-amp output npn BJT
. Feedback
noise

 noise ( ) ,
noise . Op-Amp
output
0V
+15V 0V transition .
transition

Non-inverting

input

ground output 300

ground 10 ,
output 1/30
Non-inverting input .
threshold
transition
0V .
0V
threshold noise
threshold
.

RC Relaxation Oscillators

DC Oscillator inverting input

. Op-Amp output +15V 2 voltage divide
1.5V .
( ) . 1.5V
.
. 0V
.
triangle wave .
Negative Impedance Converter(NIC)
Negative Impedance Converter

. scope
. scope A
B
. scope
inductor B
2
.

3. Oscillators

http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/17798/PHILIPS/ICM7555CD.html
555 RC oscillator/timer ,
. 555 .
RC Relaxation Oscillators
.
Sine oscillator : Wien Bridge
oscillator
Wien Bridge .
,
Negative Feedback,
Positive Feedback ,
Feedback .


.

Nasty Oscillator

positive feedback feedback

. Golden Rules input
X feedback circuit .
, out (-) negative feedback
. BJT phase 180 (-)
(-) (+) positive feedback .
out (-) .
LPF 90 180 positive feedback
.
Unstable Amplifier Circuit

.

, LPF 3dB
45 .

.
LPF
,
positive feedback
.

 , , phase shift 180

Op-Amp Compensation gain
. A B .

A Op-Amp loop
gain . Frequency Compensation .

B . Ground

.

Oscillations withOUT Op-Amps

, Gain 1 feedback
oscillation .

Miller

Effect

Transistor

inductor oscillation
.

 1 : Two Comparators
: Op-Amp Comparator IC Comparator

(a) Op-Amp as Comparator

Op-Amp .
100 sine wave .
(b) Special-Purpose Comparator IC
411 Op-Amp 311 Comparator .( =1)
Bottom of the swing ground , 15V
.
(c) Schmitt Trigger
thresholds
.
hysteresis , output transition
. Comparator .
Ground pin 15V
.

: (a) square wave

(b) square wave
transition . (c)
(b) transition .

2 : RC Oscillator
: RC Relaxation Oscillator

Comparator inverting input RC network

.
. oscillation
.
: V+ V- triangle wave .
3 : 7555 IC Oscillator
: 7555 IC Oscillator RC Oscillator

555 7555
.
6 7
short
.
:

2
.

4 : Sawtooth Oscillator
: Sawtooth Oscillator

 3 10 2
.
Probe 10X
.
:
.

5 : Triangle Oscillator
Transistor 2N3906 JFET 1N5294 .
6 : Sine Wave Oscillator : Wien Bridge
: Wien Bridge Sine Wave gain

Wien Bridge .
feedback .
560 negative feedback .
(+) input . scope
.
: feedback 560
sine .

 7 : Follower
: Op-Amp

,
.
emitter ,
collector
.
-Supply Bypass(Shrinking the Disturbance)
collector

ground

collector . 0.01~0.1
.
-Killing High-Frequency Gain
Base Emitter gain
.
: , collector inductor

, 2

.
8 : Op-Amp Instability
: Phase Shift Oscillation

.
. square wave oscillation
sine wave .
, pot oscillation .
divide .
: square, sine wave oscillation ,
oscillation .