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( di &  mu% a& e% mu% e&? ?@8 s (Autonomous) iA
B"i  &# pk s ?k , e a    &, e&?/a&  .
,   k   mu% %o,. (Computer Network) &  "&, di &
 mu%  4n+?i mu% %o,. & , &E&  mu%
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mu% %o,. p "2


p "2
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(1) pi"% %o,. (Private Network) o (2) & %o,. (Public Network)
 ,nt K a %o,. p "2+
(1) niB %o,. (Centralized Network), (2) Bs&u%B %o,.
(Distributed Network)
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(1) . e , %o,. (Personal Area Network), (2)  e , %o,.
(Local Area Network), (3) A % e , %o,. (Metropolitan Area
Network), (4) o,iB e , %o,. (Wide Area Network)
 ". p2 e&? ,nt K a, %o,. p "2+
(1) k,n ". %o,. (Client Server Network), (2)  , %  , %o,.
(Peer-to-Peer Network)

%o,. %  (Network Topology)


%o,. an"k
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%o,. %  & ul( %o,. %   ,H & %  (Bus Topology)
  ? %  (Ring Topology)
 s %  (Star Topology)
 A %  (Tree Topology)

  %  (Mesh Topology)


 ibB %  (Hybrid Topology)

 & %  (Bus Topology)


ei %  e% = U & & && (Backbone)  mu% & o,. sg ?k  u", pn %.% (Terminator) k & %  kt B% p 
mu%  ?k  mu% H, e&? %o,."k
  mu% uk B% 
k  X mu% &  mu% uk B% ag   

& %  &&  &=


H% 4 %o,.  ei   %  &&  
& %  mu% ?k   e&? ps    
& ?K  e% mu% 8 , o   s a. , 
ei %    mu%  nd, i & & e  ?k   a kO 
& p, , & 
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Connector)  i ?k    %o,. mp    m&
   % &&    rj&  %o,. e g  k o mp 
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& %  &&  a&=


 2= t &Od    k h  
 %o,. an"k
. B (Node) ?( &Od   %o,. AI (Traffic)
  &Od ,  I An a kt &d ,
 & %     n, &&s       B   , B%
An    e Ir B% ?g#./ (Collision) m& &Od ,, 
p7 &nuiB a 7, 
 e & et  && i kt &e &  k ak  , a
kt  &d ,
 pn %.% &&     B% & p r      & Piggybacking
 O8 ,
 & %     tr% =. B .,   & %

  ? %  (Ring Topology)


ei %  p% mu%  u", pn di%  mu% ?k  e% &Ot
?K O8  akt B% m. e% % (Token) %o,."k
 p% B H
p   , % 2.  uk B%  &# B ud p  k  .n uk %
p  mu% H &Ot e2  n  I  4 a& ud8 mu% g  
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  si a7 , 
 ei %    mu% ?k    a& &cn    uk
pk, , %o,. .k &d ,
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 s %  (Star Topology)


s %  e% nd, B"i  & (Hub) / i7 (Switch) e  %o,."k
a mu% /B"ig k  e&? e% mu% /B"i a  mu% /B"i
      uk &  mn ,

s %  &=
 s %  p &  e% mu% 8 o s   , 
 ei   %o,.   , &/i7  k a   ?(
mu% /B"i ?k   , e&? ei ? ,o s .k &d ,

 ei %o,. &"n   & &&    ,
 nd,"& ,nt   , & %o,. tr% r    akt inn
i7/". &&   e%  i mn   ,

s %  a&=
 s %  &7, & a&  nd, nt & &/i7 8  m=. s a7 ,

 s %  p% B  nd, B"i  ? s    , & a
   p,

 A %  (Tree Topology)


A %  %o,. Bg (Nodes) &"n s (Level) j  ms
o,.s/mu% g  u  s mu% s/".  &   e"& = s
mu% & nd, ?  nt a p% mu% i e s e&? o,.s  &
 

A %  &=
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%o,. &&s   
 = s mu% &  e% s  e% s mu% 8 o g
%o,. a. , ; t uk s mu% as a? a. ,
 ei %  kt %o,. mp 
 up 2 o aI &&s  kt ei %o,. K & u 

A %  a&=
 A %  kt  e% s s mu% tr% 2( 2 uk s mu%
as a? a. , ,
 = s mu% % 8  g %o,.% a7 , 
 %o,. K & %

 ibB %  (Hybrid Topology)


e   %  n, ibB %  i ,   &2 e  
%   s   %   ?k   ibB %  &&h ,

ibB %  &=


 %o,. e mp    
 nd, mu% H ei %  an"k
. mu% =  e% 8 o   s
a7 ,  

ibB %  a&=


 ei %  akt tr% .,   8
 ei %  %o,. g  &, ( & 8

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