:

...

...
.... ...

... ...

... (

) .

Designed By : A.O

Designed By : A.O

Abstract

- 1 - 1
- 2 - 1
- 3 - 1

: : -

- 1 - 2
- 2 - 2 CO2
- 3 - 2 CH4
- 4 - 2 N2O
- 5 - 2 GWP
- 6 - 2

- 1 - 3
- 1 - 1 - 3
- 2 - 1 - 3
- 3 - 1 - 3
- 4 - 1 - 3

- 2 - 3
- 3 - 3 ) (

:
) (

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
9
10
10
10
12
13
14
15
16
16
16
17
18
19
25
27
28
31

Designed By : A.O

Abstract :

Designed By : A.O

 : :
1

.
1

( : )1

Designed By : A.O

 1 1 :

:
1
2

CO2

USGS
5

1815
1815

CO2

- 2 - 1 :
1750

Designed By : A.O

 ( : )1 : ,

1000

280
31

2000
700
2000

1750

1750 1000
17

35

15

1970

1750

25

270
2000

1000
151

1750

368

1750

316

2000

2000

0.2 0.6

2000

1950

10

2 1

Designed By : A.O

40
10

15

.
.
10

Designed By : A.O

1980
.1994

- 3 - 1 :

.
1.4

1990

5.8

. 2100

.
.
0.88 0.09

2100 1990

Designed By : A.O

 : - :
.

- 1 - 2 :

17

1
2
3

18

CO2
CH4
N2 O

(GWP) High Global Warming Potential Gases

- 2 - 2 : CO2

CO2

CO2

1
Designed By : A.O

10

2
3
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2

1700
CO2
35
3

CO2

2005

CO2
CO2

Designed By : A.O

11

46

: NH4 - 3 - 2

2
3
4
5

1
2
3
4
5
Designed By : A.O

12

6
7

1
2
3
4

: N2O - 4 - 2

1
2
3
4
5
6

N2 O
6.3
N2 O

4.7

N2 O

N2 O

70
N2 O

Designed By : A.O

13

1
2
3
4
N2 O
N2 O

N2 O
N2 O
N2 O
N2 O

: - 5 - 2

. (GWP) High Global Warming Potential Gases

1
2
3
4
HCFC-22

Designed By : A.O

14

 - 6 - 2 :
6

343

240

103
2

168

6
240

2
Designed By : A.O

15

- 1 - 3 :
: 1 1 3 :

40

550 150
95 15

????

Designed By : A.O

16

: : 2 1 3

. 20

EN S O

Designed By : A.O

17

: 3 1 3 :

( : )9

( : )10

( : )11
Designed By : A.O

18

: 4 1 3 :

( : )12
Designed By : A.O

19

70
100

200

( : )13

300
( : )14

( : )15
Designed By : A.O

20

1998
Chytrid

( : )16

90 10

(" : )17"

Designed By : A.O

21

 ( : )18

1.4

5.8

( : )19

700

( : )20
Designed By : A.O

22

40

20

20
( : )21

32

( : )22

Designed By : A.O

23

2000

150

50

1990
1993

50
90

( : )23

( : )24

Designed By : A.O

24

250

( : )25

1
2
3
4

8,2

97

- 2 - 3 :

Designed By : A.O

25

10%
1

2050

2080
40

( : )26

2050

Designed By : A.O

26

1
2

- 3 - 3 ( ):

Designed By : A.O

27

 :

.

1
2
3
4
5
6
1970
7
8
9
01
.
11
.
450

2008

2012
Designed By : A.O

28


27

( : )27
Designed By : A.O

29


450 550

28
.

.
( : )28

Designed By : A.O

30

.
.
......................................................... .......................................................

Designed By : A.O

31