ADVANCED

ENGINEERING CERAMICS

Muhammad Kusumawan Herliansyah

(Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Eng. Gadjah Mada University)

What is Ceramic?

Ceramics can be defined as

Inorganic and nonmetallic materials.
They are typically crystalline in nature
and are compounds formed between
metallic and nonmetallic elements.
(American Chemical Society)

Keramik

Keramik

Keramik

Definisi:

material padat anorganik yang bukan

logam

material
yang
sebagian
besar
merupakan senyawa antara unsur
logam dan non logam dimana sebagian
besar ikatannya adalah ikatan ion dan
sedikit ikatan kovalen

Ceramics ..

O
C
Ti +
N
B

TiO2
TiC
TiN
TiB2

Oxide

Carbide

Nitride

Boride

Keramik
Senyawa logam + non logam:
1. Oksida (CaO, SiO2, Al2O3,
MgO, K2O, dan Na2O)
2. Nitrida (Si3N4, AlN, GaN,
InN, TiN, dan ZrN)
3. Karbida (Fe3C, ZrC, TiC,
VC, dan NbC)

powder

What is ADVANCED CERAMICS?

Klasifikasi Keramik
Atas dasar asal:
A. Keramik Tradisional
B. Keramik Teknik

CERAMIC
MATERIALS
TRADITIONAL
CERAMICS

ADVANCED
CERAMICS

(a range of ceramic products

formed of bodies based on
natural materials such as clay
and silicates)

(high chemical purity, careful

processing and high values of
the useful properties).
Structural Ceramics
Electro-ceramics
Bio-ceramics
Magnetic ceramics
Opto-ceramics
Technical Ceramics

Keramik Tradisional
Keramik
yang
bahan
dasarnya
berasal dari clay (lempung), silica,
dan feldspar

Contoh:
Keramik Cina
Porselin
Batu bata
Gelas
Semen
Refraktori
Bahan abrasif

Traditional ceramics

Keramik Teknik
Keramik yang berupa senyawa dari
unsur logam dan non logam
Contoh:
1. Oksida (CaO, SiO2, Al2O3,
MgO, K2O, dan Na2O)
2. Nitrida (Si3N4, AlN, GaN,
InN, TiN, dan ZrN)
3. Karbida (Fe3C, ZrC, TiC,
VC, dan NbC)

Products made from technical ceramics.

Neurochip mounted
in a 40-pin IC
ceramics socket
Bio-ceramics

thermal barrier coating for gas turbine engine

applications (Padture, et al, Science 2002)

Turbine blades are among parts subject to wear that are made
of ceramic material. This prototype gas turbine rotor is made of
injection-molded monolithic silicon nitride.

WHY SHOULD ENGINEERS KNOW ABOUT CERAMICS?

Ceramics are materials that generally have excellent
properties such as:
high melting point
good high temperature strength
high Youngs Modulus
high hardness and good wear resistance
good corrosion resistance
relatively low thermal conductivity
relatively low thermal expansion
relatively low density.
Compare to other types of materials, ceramics
materials still have limitations in engineering
applications because of their BRITTLENESS and LOW

Karakteristik umum keramik

Keras
Kaku
Kuat
Getas
Stabil pada suhu tinggi
Isolator
Tahan korosi dan tahan abrasi
Kekuatan tarik rendah sedangkan
kekuatan tekannya tinggi
Konduktifitas termal rendah

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CERAMICS

The Properties of
Ceramics Products are
influenced by:

Forming

1. Raw materials
(Powder)

Properties
Powder

Sintering

2. Manufacturing
Process (Forming
and Sintering)

Teknik fabrikasi keramik

Proses pembentukan gelas

Gelas dibentuk dengan cara memanaskan
raw material di atas temperatur cair

Raw material:
Silica
Na2O
CaO
Na2CO3
CaCO3

Metode pembentukan gelas

A. Pressing
B. Blowing
C. Drawing
D. Fiber Forming

Pressing

Digunakan
untuk
dengan tebal tipis

fabrikasi

gelas

Cetakan dan material awal dipanaskan

dan selanjutnya dikompaksi dengan
tekanan

Cetakannya biasanya terbuat dari besi

cor, mild steel, atau baja perkakas
(tool steel) yang dilapisi dengan grafit

Proses pembentukan gelas

Proses Pressing dan blowing

Bentuk gelas awal/parison dibentuk

dengan
mechanical
pressing
di
dalam cetakan

Parison
dimasukkan
ke
dalam
finishing atau blow mold dan
ditekan/press untuk mengisi bentuk
kontur
cetakan
dengan
menggunakan tekanan dari blast air

Proses penarikan lembaran gelas

Drawing

Digunakan untuk fabrikasi gelas yang

panjang
dengan
luas
melintang
konstan seperti lembaran, batangan,
pipa, serat

Gelas cair diisikan ke dalam platinum

heating chamber

Lembaran/serat
gelas
dibentuk
dengan cara menarikan gelas cair
melewati small orifices pada dasar
chamber

Powder Pressing
A. Uniaxial Pressing
B. Isostatic/hydrostatic Pressing
C. Hot Pressing

Natural and Synthetic

Raw materials
Powders

Body Preparation
Body

CERAMICS MANUFACTURING
PROCESS

Milling
Mixing
Filtering
Spray Drying

Wet or Dry Pressing

Cold Isostatic Pressing

Forming
Green Body

Extruding

Preparation for
Sintering

Slip Casting, etc

Drying
Binder Burnout

Sintering
Raw Piece/
sintered body

Cutting
Grinding, Polishing
Joining, etc

Finishing
Product

Presureless sintering
Reaction Sintering
HP (Hot Pressing)
Hot Isostatic Pressing,
etc

Final Quality
Control

examination of the
Finished Product

Sintering

STAGES OF SINTERING

HIP (Hot Isostatics Pressing)

HP (Hot Pressing)

Slip Casting
Slip casting refers to the filling of a mould, a
negative of the desired shape, with a slip
consisting of a suspension of micrometer size
ceramic particles in liquid.