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MAX660
MAX660
2; 9/96
________________________Applications
Laptop Computers
Medical Instruments
Interface Power Supplies
Hand-Held Instruments
Operational-Amplifier Power Supplies
___________________________ Features
Small Capacitors
0.65V Typ Loss at 100mA Load
Low 120A Operating Current
6.5 Typ Output Impedance
Guaranteed ROUT < 15W for C1 = C2 = 10mF
Pin-Compatible High-Current ICL7660 Upgrade
Inverts or Doubles Input Supply Voltage
Selectable Oscillator Frequency: 10kHz/80kHz
88% Typ Conversion Efficiency at 100mA
(IL to GND)
______________Ordering Information
PART
TEMP. RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX660CPA
0C to +70C
8 Plastic DIP
MAX660CSA
MAX660C/D
MAX660EPA
MAX660ESA
MAX660MJA
0C to +70C
0C to +70C
-40C to +85C
-40C to +85C
-55C to +125C
8 SO
Dice*
8 Plastic DIP
8 SO
8 CERDIP
3
4
__________________Pin Configuration
V+ 8
FC
LV
CAP-
OUT
7
6
INVERTED
NEGATIVE
VOLTAGE
OUTPUT
C2
1F to 150F
VOLTAGE INVERTER
TOP VIEW
1
FC
V+
CAP+
OSC
LV
OUT
GND 3
MAX660
CAP- 4
C1
1F to 150F
+VIN
2.5V TO 5.5V
2
3
4
FC
V+ 8
LV
CAP-
OUT
DOUBLED
POSITIVE
VOLTAGE
OUTPUT
C2
1F to 150F
6
5
DIP/SO
POSITIVE VOLTAGE DOUBLER
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800
MAX660
_______________General Description
The MAX660 monolithic, charge-pump voltage inverter
converts a +1.5V to +5.5V input to a corresponding
-1.5V to -5.5V output. Using only two low-cost
capacitors, the charge pumps 100mA output replaces
switching regulators, eliminating inductors and their
associated cost, size, and EMI. Greater than 90%
efficiency over most of its load-current range combined
with a typical operating current of only 120A provides
ideal performance for both battery-powered and boardlevel voltage conversion applications. The MAX660 can
also double the output voltage of an input power supply
or battery, providing +9.35V at 100mA from a +5V
input.
A frequency control (FC) pin selects either 10kHz typ or
80kHz typ (40kHz min) operation to optimize capacitor
size and quiescent current. The oscillator frequency
can also be adjusted with an external capacitor or
driven with an external clock. The MAX660 is a pincompatible, high-current upgrade of the ICL7660.
The MAX660 is available in both 8-pin DIP and smalloutline packages in commercial, extended, and military
temperature ranges.
For 50mA applications, consider the MAX860/MAX861
pin-compatible devices (also available in ultra-small
MAX packages).
MAX660
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = 5V, C1 = C2 = 150F, test circuit of Figure 1, FC = open, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
Operating Supply Voltage
Supply Current
Output Current
CONDITIONS
RL = 1k
No load
MIN
TYP
3.0
5.5
Inverter, LV = GND
1.5
5.5
Doubler, LV = OUT
2.5
5.5
FC = open, LV = open
FC = V+, LV = open
100
100
0.12
0.5
IL = 100mA
Power Efficiency
6.5
FC = open
10
FC = V+
40
80
FC = open
FC = V+
96
92
No load
mA
10.0
12
kHz
A
98
96
88
IL = 100mA to GND
Voltage-Conversion
Efficiency
15
TA +85C, C1 = C2 = 150F
TA +85C
Oscillator Frequency
UNITS
mA
MAX
Inverter, LV = open
99.00
99.96
Note 2: In the test circuit, capacitors C1 and C2 are 150F, 0.2 maximum ESR, aluminum electrolytics.
Capacitors with higher ESR may reduce output voltage and efficiency. See Capacitor Selection section.
Note 3: Specified output resistance is a combination of internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR. See Capacitor Selection section.
Note 4: The ESR of C1 = C2 0.5. Guaranteed by correlation, not production tested.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660
IS
1
V+
2
3
C1
V+
FC
V+
(+5V )
OSC 7
CAP+
GND MAX660 LV
OUT 5
CAP-
RL
IL
VOUT
C2
200
LV = GND
100
0.1
0.01
3.0
3.5
4.5
4.0
5.0
5.5
10
92
84
V+ = 3.5V
V+ = 4.5V
V+ = 2.5V
68
20
40
60
80
100
MAX660
1.2
1.0
20
40
60
80
68
60
100
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
-5.0
ILOAD = 1mA
V+ = 1.5V
V+ = 2.5V
0.8
0.6
V+ = 3.5V
0.4
V+ = 4.5V
-4.5
ILOAD = 10mA
-4.0
ILOAD = 80mA
-3.5
0.2
V+ = 5.5V
-3.0
60
0
76
ICL7660
MAX660-3
V+ = 5.5V
100
MAX660-2
V+ = 1.5V
-4.2
100
76
84
VOUT
-5.0
0.1
2.5
2.0
EFF.
-3.8
-4.6
LV = OPEN
1.5
92
ICL7660
MAX660-5
150
10 20
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
0.1
MAX660-6A
MAX660-4
100
MAX660
LV = OUT
250
50
EFFICIENCY (%)
-3.0
-3.4
300
10
MAX660-1
400
350
10
100
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
EFFICIENCY (%)
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
OSCILLATORFREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
OSCILLATOR
vs.SUPPLY
SUPPLYVOLTAGE
VOLTAGE
vs.
80
ILOAD = 10mA
76
72
ILOAD = 80mA
68
MAX660-7
80
80
LVLV= =OPEN
OPEN
60
60
FC = V+, OSC = OPEN
40
40
LV = GND
20
20
0
0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
2.5 3.0
3.5 (V)
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
1.0 1.5 2.0 SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
100
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. EXTERNAL CAPACITANCE
MAX660-9
100
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
1
FC = OPEN
0.1
0.01
80
FC = V+, OSC = OPEN, RL = 100
60
40
20
10000
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
25
20
10
5.5
8
6
4
2
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
30
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE ()
12
4.5
0
-60 -40 -20 0
CAPACITANCE (pF)
3.5
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX660-11
1000
100
2.5
0
10
15
V+ = 1.5V
10
V+ = 3.0V
30
25
20
15
V+ = 1.5V
10
V+ = 3.0V
5
V+ = 5.0V
V+ = 5.0V
0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1.5
FC = V+
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
100
10
MAX660-10
10
0.1
LV = OPEN
64
60
10
MAX660-10A
88
84
12
MAX660-12
ILOAD = 1mA
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
92
LV
LV==GND
GND
OSCILLATOR
OSCILLATORFREQUENCY
FREQUENCY(kHz)
(kHz)
96
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
MAX660-6
100
MAX660-8
EFFICIENCY
vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
MAX660
4.5
5.0
5.5
0
-60 -40 -20 0
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
80
60
40
100
40
30
20
10
120
100
CURRENT (mA)
FC = V+
OSC = OPEN
CAPACITANCE (F)
CURRENT (mA)
150
50
FC = V+
OSC = OPEN
50
20
60
200
FC = V+
OSC = OPEN
CURRENT (mA)
CURRENT (mA)
100
120
250
MAX660
FC = V+
OSC = OPEN
80
60
40
20
0
0.33 1.0 2.0 2.2 4.7 10 22 47 100 220
CAPACITANCE (F)
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
NAME
FUNCTION
PIN
NAME
INVERTER
FC
Same as Inverter
CAP+
Same as Inverter
GND
CAP-
Same as Inverter
OUT
LV
OSC
V+
DOUBLER
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660
__________Applications Information
FC
OSC
Oscillator Frequency
Open
FC = V+
Open or
FC = V+
Open
Open
Open
External
Capacitor
External
Clock
10kHz
80kHz
See Typical Operating
Characteristics
External Clock Frequency
When FC and OSC are unconnected (open), the oscillator runs at 10kHz typically. When FC is connected to
V+, the charge and discharge current at OSC changes
from 1.0A to 8.0A, thus increasing the oscillator
Package
Op. Current
(typ, mA)
Output
(typ)
Pump Rate
(kHz)
Input (V)
6
MAX828
MAX829
MAX860
MAX861
MAX660
MAX1044
ICL7662
ICL7660
SOT 23-5
SOT 23-5
SO-8,
MAX
SO-8,
MAX
SO-8
SO-8,
MAX
SO-8
SO-8,
MAX
0.06
0.15
0.03
0.25
0.08
20
20
12
12
6.5
6.5
125
55
12
35
6, 50, 130
5, 40
10
10
1.25 to 5.5
1.25 to 5.5
1.5 to 5.5
1.5 to 5.5
1.5 to 5.5
1.5 to 10
1.5 to 10
1.5 to 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________Capacitor Selection
Three factors (in addition to load current) affect the
MAX660 output voltage drop from its ideal value:
1) MAX660 output resistance
2) Pump (C1) and reservoir (C2) capacitor ESRs
3) C1 and C2 capacitance
The voltage drop caused by MAX660 output resistance
is the load current times the output resistance.
Similarly, the loss in C2 is the load current times C2s
ESR. The loss in C1, however, is larger because it
handles currents that are greater than the load current
during charge-pump operation. The voltage drop due
to C1 is therefore about four times C1s ESR multiplied
by the load current. Consequently, a low (or high) ESR
capacitor has a much greater impact on performance
for C1 than for C2.
Generally, as the pump frequency of the MAX660
increases, the capacitance values required to maintain
comparable ripple and output resistance diminish proportionately. The curves of Figure 2 show the total circuit
1kHz
2kHz
5kHz
10kHz
20kHz
50kHz
MAX660-fig 2
20
18
16
14
12
ESR = 0.25
FOR BOTH
C1 AND C2
MAX660 OUTPUT
SOURCE RESISTANCE
ASSUMED TO BE
5.25
10
8
6
4
2
0
1
4 6 8 10
100
1000
CAPACITANCE (F)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660
100kHz
MAX660
Phone
Fax
(803) 946-0690
(803) 626-3123
Low-ESR
tantalum SMT
(803) 946-0690
(803) 626-3123
Low-cost
tantalum SMT
(714) 960-6492
Low-cost
tantalum SMT
Sprague 595
Series
(603) 224-1961
(603) 224-1430
Sanyo MV-GX
Series
(619) 661-6835
(619) 661-1055
Sanyo CV-GX
Series
(619) 661-6835
(619) 661-1055
Nichicon PL
Series
(847) 843-7500
(847) 843-2798
Low-ESR
tantalum SMT
United Chemi-Con
(847) 696-2000
(Marcon)
(847) 696-9278
Ceramic SMT
TDK
(847) 390-4428
Ceramic SMT
(847) 390-4373
Comments
Cascading Devices
To produce larger negative multiplication of the initial
supply voltage, the MAX660 may be cascaded as
shown in Figure 3. The resulting output resistance is
approximately equal to the sum of the individual
MAX660 ROUT values. The output voltage, where n is
an integer representing the number of devices cascaded, is defined by VOUT = -n (VIN).
Paralleling Devices
Paralleling multiple MAX660s reduces the output resistance. As illustrated in Figure 4, each device requires
its own pump capacitor C1, but the reservoir capacitor
C2 serves all devices. The value of C2 should be
increased by a factor of n, where n is the number of
devices. Figure 4 shows the equation for calculating
output resistance.
ROUT =
+VIN
+VIN
8
8
C1
3
4
8
2
RL
MAX660
"1"
C1n
C1
MAX660
"n"
3
4
MAX660
"1"
C1n
MAX660
"n"
5
VOUT
C2n
C2
VOUT = -nVIN
C2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
This dual function is illustrated in Figure 5. In this circuit, capacitors C1 and C3 perform the pump and
reservoir functions respectively for generation of the
negative voltage. Capacitors C2 and C4 are respectively pump and reservoir for the multiplied positive
voltage. This circuit configuration, however, leads to
higher source impedances of the generated supplies.
This is due to the finite impedance of the common
charge-pump driver.
1M
1M
OPEN-DRAIN
LOW-BATTERY OUTPUT
3V LITHIUM BATTERY
DURACELL DL123A
LBI
3
8 IN
5V/100mA
150F
MAX667 LBO 7
MAX660
150F
OUT
150
F
DD
620k
1M
SET 6
GND SHDN
4
5
220k
+VIN
8
D1
2
MAX660
5
VOUT = -VIN
C1
C2
4
D2
C3
C4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660
MAX660
V+
CAP+
GND
OSC
0.120"
(3.05mm)
LV
CAP-
OUT
0.073"
(1.85mm)
TRANSISTOR COUNT = 89
SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO V+.
10
______________________________________________________________________________________
DIM
E1
A
A1
A2
A3
B
B1
C
D1
E
E1
e
eA
eB
L
A3
A A2
L A1
0 - 15
C
B1
eA
eB
D1
Plastic DIP
PLASTIC
DUAL-IN-LINE
PACKAGE
(0.300 in.)
INCHES
MAX
MIN
0.200
0.015
0.175
0.125
0.080
0.055
0.022
0.016
0.065
0.045
0.012
0.008
0.080
0.005
0.325
0.300
0.310
0.240
0.100
0.300
0.400
0.150
0.115
D
D
D
D
D
D
8
14
16
18
20
24
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.348 0.390
0.735 0.765
0.745 0.765
0.885 0.915
1.015 1.045
1.14 1.265
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
5.08
0.38
3.18
4.45
1.40
2.03
0.41
0.56
1.14
1.65
0.20
0.30
0.13
2.03
7.62
8.26
6.10
7.87
2.54
7.62
10.16
2.92
3.81
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
8.84
9.91
18.67 19.43
18.92 19.43
22.48 23.24
25.78 26.54
28.96 32.13
21-0043A
DIM
D
0-8
A
0.101mm
0.004in.
e
B
A1
Narrow SO
SMALL-OUTLINE
PACKAGE
(0.150 in.)
A
A1
B
C
E
e
H
L
INCHES
MAX
MIN
0.069
0.053
0.010
0.004
0.019
0.014
0.010
0.007
0.157
0.150
0.050
0.244
0.228
0.050
0.016
DIM PINS
D
D
D
8
14
16
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
1.35
1.75
0.10
0.25
0.35
0.49
0.19
0.25
3.80
4.00
1.27
5.80
6.20
0.40
1.27
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
MIN MAX
MIN
MAX
0.189 0.197 4.80
5.00
0.337 0.344 8.55
8.75
0.386 0.394 9.80 10.00
21-0041A
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX660
________________________________________________________Package Information
MAX660
E1
E
0-15
Q
L
L1
e
B1
B
S1
CERDIP
CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE
PACKAGE
(0.300 in.)
A
B
B1
C
E
E1
e
L
L1
Q
S
S1
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.200
0.014
0.023
0.038
0.065
0.008
0.015
0.220
0.310
0.290
0.320
0.100
0.125
0.200
0.150
0.015
0.070
0.098
0.005
DIM PINS
D
D
D
D
D
D
8
14
16
18
20
24
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
5.08
0.36
0.58
0.97
1.65
0.20
0.38
5.59
7.87
7.37
8.13
2.54
3.18
5.08
3.81
0.38
1.78
2.49
0.13
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX MIN MAX
0.405
10.29
0.785
19.94
0.840
21.34
0.960
24.38
1.060
26.92
1.280
32.51
21-0045A
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
12
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Printed USA