Chng 7

B m v thanh ghi
Th.S ng Ngc Khoa
Khoa in - in T

B m khng ng b

Xt b m 4 bit hnh 7-1

Xung clock ch c a n FF A, ng vo J,
K ca tt c cc FF u mc logic 1.
Ng ra ca FF sau c ni n ng vo CLK
ca FF trc n.
Ng ra D, C, B, A l mt s nh phn 4 bit vi
D l bit c trng s cao nht.

y l b m khng ng b v trng
thi ca cc FF khng thay i cng vi
xung clock.

Hnh 7-1 B m 4 bit

Quy c v trng s

Trong phn ln cc mch, dng tn hiu

thng chy t tri sang phi.
Trong chng ny, nhiu mch in c
dng tn hiu chy t phi sang tri.
V d, trong hnh 7-1:

Flip-Flop A: LSB
Flip-Flop D: MSB
4

S MOD

S MOD l s trng thi trong mt chu

k ca mt b m.

B m trong hnh 7-1 c 16 trng thi

khc nhau, do vy n l b m MOD-16

S MOD ca mt b m c thay i
cng vi s Flip-Flop.

S MOD 2N
5

S MOD

V d

Mt b m c s dng m sn phm
chy qua mt bng ti. Mi sn phm i qua
bng chuyn, b cm bin s ti ra mt xung.
B m c kh nng m c 1000 sn
phm. Hi t nht phi c bao nhiu Flip-Flop
trong b m?
Tr li: 1000 210 = 1024. Phi c 10 FF
6

Chia tn s

Trong mt b m, tn hiu ng ra ca FF
cui cng (MSB) c tn s bng tn s
ng vo chia cho s MOD. Mt b m
MOD-N l b chia N.

V d 7-1

V d mch to ra dao ng xung vung c

tn s 1Hz.

To ra tn hiu xung vung 50Hz t li in.

Cho i qua b m MOD-50 chia tn s 50 ln.
C c tn hiu xung vung tn s 1Hz

Tr trong b m khng ng b

Cu trc ca b m khng ng b kh
n gin nhng vn tr khi truyn tn
hiu qua mi FF s lm hn ch tn s
ca b m.
Vi b m khng ng b ta phi c

TclockN x tpd
Fmax=1/(N x tpd)
9

Tr trong b m khng ng b

B m 3 bit
vi nhng tn
s xung clock
khc nhau

10

Cu hi?

Trong b m bt ng b, tt c cc FF

thay i trng thi cng mt lc? Sai

Gi s b m trong hnh 7-1 ang

trng thi 0101. Sau 27 xung clock, trng

thi ca b m s l bao nhiu? 0000

S MOD ca b m c 5 Flip-Flop?

11

B m ng b

Trng thi ca tt c cc FF s c thay

i cng mt lc vi xung clock.
Hnh sau m t hot ng ca mt b
m ng b

Mi FF c ng vo J, K c kt ni sao cho
chng trng thi cao ch khi ng ra ca tt
c cc FF sau n u trng thi cao.
B m ng b c th hot ng vi tn s
cao hn b m khng ng b.
12

B m ng b MOD-16

13

Hot ng ca mch

B thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch

khi A = 1.
C thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch
khi A = B = 1.
D thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch
khi A = B = C = 1.

14

Bng chn tr

15

B m c s MOD < 2N

S dng ng vo khng ng b (clear,

set) buc b m b i mt s trng
thi.
Trong hnh 7-2, ng ra cng NAND c
ni n ng vo khng ng b CLEAR
ca mi Flip-Flop.
Khi A=0, B=C=1, (CBA = 1102= 610) ng
ra cng NAND s tch cc v cc FF s b
CLEAR v trng thi 0.

16

Hnh 7-2 B m MOD-6

17

Trng thi tm

Lu rng trong hnh 7-2, 110 l mt

trng thi tm thi. Mch ch tn ti
trng thi ny trong thi gian rt ngn
sau s chuyn sang trng thi 000.
000001010011100101000
Ng ra ca FF C c tn s bng 1/6 tn s
ng vo.
18

S trng thi

19

Thit k b m MOD-X

Bc 1: Tm s FF nh nht sao cho 2N

X. Kt ni cc FF li vi nhau. Nu 2N = X
th khng lm bc 2 v 3.
Bc 2: Ni mt cng NAND n ng vo
CLEAR ca tt c cc FF.
Bc 3: Xc nh FF s mc cao ng vi
trng thi b m = X. Ni ng ra ca cc
FF n ng vo ca cng NAND.
20

10

B m MOD-14 v MOD-10

B m khng ng b

21

B m MOD-14 v MOD-10

B m ng b

22

11

B m thp phn

B m thp phn

L bt k b m no c mi trng thi
phn bit.

B m BCD

L mt b m thp phn m cc trng thi

trong b m tng ng t 0000 (zero) n
1001 (9)
23

B m MOD-60 khng ng b

24

12

V d 7-2

Xc nh mch b m ng b MOD-60

25

Cu hi?

Trong b m MOD-13, ng ra ca FF no
c ni n ng vo cng NAND ca
mch clear?
Tt c cc b m BCD l b m thp
phn?
Cho mt b m thp phn, tn s ng
vo l 50KHz. Tn s ng ra l bao nhiu?
26

13

B m xung khng ng b

111110101100011010001
000
B m ln c th chuyn thnh b m
xung bng cch s dng nhng ng ra
o li cc ng vo xung clock.

27

B m xung MOD-8

28

14

B m xung ng b

B m xung ng b c cu to hon
ton tng t nh b m ln ng b.
Ch khc l s dng cc ng ra o
iu khin.

29

B m ln/xung ng b

30

15

IC b m khng ng b

IC 74LS293 h TTL

C 4 J-K Flip-Flop, Q3Q2Q1Q0

Mi FF c mt ng vo CP (clock pulse) tng
t nh ng vo CLK. Ng vo clock ca Q1 v
Q0 c ni n chn 11 v chn 10.
Ng vo clear ca mi FF c ni n ng ra
ca mt cng NAND hai ng vo MR1 v MR2.
Q3Q2Q1 c ni vi nhau hnh thnh nn mt
b m 3 bit.
Q0 khng c ni n cc phn khc.
31

IC b m khng ng b

32

16

V d 7-3

S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m

MOD-16

33

V d 7-4

S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m

MOD-10

34

17

V d 7-5

S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m MOD-14

Trng hp ny cn phi s dng thm mt
cng AND

35

V d 7-6

S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m

MOD-60
S dng 2 IC mc ni tip nhau.

36

18

IC b m

Gii thiu IC b m 7 bit h CMOS

37

IC b m ng b

TTL 74ALS160

B m c 4 FF
FF thay i trng thi theo cng dng ca
xung clock
IC c mt ng vo CLEAR khng ng b.
B m c th preset n bt k gi tr no
(theo cc ng vo A, B, C, v D) bng cch
tch cc ng vo LOAD.
B m c iu khin bi cc ng vo khc
nhau, th hin trong bng Function table.

38

19

74ALS160

39

74ALS160

V d

40

20

74ALS160

V d

41

74ALS160

C th kt hp nhiu IC to ra mt b
m ln hn

42

21

IC b m ng b

74ALS193/HC193

B m ng b
MOD-16
Presettable up/down
Preset khng ng b
Master reset khng ng b

43

IC 74ALS193

44

22

IC 74ALS193

Mch to ra TCU v TCD

45

74ALS193 - b m ln

46

23

74ALS193 - b m xung

47

V d 7-7

B m xung MOD-5

48

24

IC 74ALS193

Kt hp nhiu IC m rng b m

49

Gii m b m

Gii m l bit i gi tr nh phn ng

ra thnh gi tr thp phn.
B gii m sau tch cc mc cao, c th
s dng cc n LED th hin cc s
thp phn t 0 7.

50

25

Gii m b m MOD-8

51

Thit k b m ng b

Bng chuyn i trng thi ca JK-FF

Chuyn i Hin ti K tip
00
0
0
01
0
1

J
0
1

K
X
X

10

11

0
52

26

Trnh t thit k

Bc 1: Xc nh s bit (s FF cn)
Bc 2: v s chuyn i ca tt c
cc trng thi, bao gm c nhng trng
thi khng xut hin trong chu trnh.
Bc 3: da vo s chuyn i trng
thi thit lp mt bng, trong lit
k tt c cc trng thi hin ti v k tip.
53

Trnh t thit k

Bc 4: trong bng va to, thm ct gi

tr J, K ca cc FF. Vi mi trng thi hin
ti, xc nh gi tr ca J v K b m
chuyn n trng thi k tip.
Bc 5: thit k mch logic to ra cc
mc logic cho mi ng vo J v K.
Bc 6: xc nh s mch.
54

27

V d, thit k b m MOD-5

S chuyn i trng thi

000001010011100000

55

Trng thi hin ti v k tip

PRESENT

NEXT

Line 1

0
56

28

Bng trng thi ca mch

PRESENT

NEXT

JC KC

JB KB

JA KA

Line 1

0 x

0 x

1 x

0 x

1 x

x 1

0 x

x 0

1 x

1 x

x 1

x 1

x 1

0 x

0 x

x 1

0 x

x 1

x 1

x 1

0 x

x 1

x 1

x 1
57

Xc nh cc gi tr J v K

Tnh gi tr ca JA

58

29

Tng t ta c

59

S mch

60

30

V d 7-8

S dng D-FF thit k b m MOD-5

PRESENT

NEXT

DC DB DA

61

V d 7-8

Xc nh gi tr cc ng vo D

62

31

V d 7-8

S mch

63

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Thanh ghi c th c phn loi da vo

cch d liu c a vo v cch m d
liu c ly ra:

Parallel in/parallel out

Serial in/serial out
Parallel in/serial out
Serial in/parallel out

(PIPO)
(SISO)
(PISO)
(SIPO)
64

32

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Vo song song, ra song song :

Parallel in

MSB
1

LSB
1

Parallel out

IC 74174 v 74178
65

PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174

74ALS174/74HC174

Thanh ghi 6 bit

D5, D0: ng vo song song
Q5, Q0: ng ra song song

D liu c a vo thanh ghi theo cnh

dng ca xung clock
Master reset c th reset tt c cc FFs
mt cch c lp vi xung clock
66

33

PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174

67

PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174

74ALS174 c s dng lm b thnh

ghi dch

68

34

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Vo ni tip, ra ni tip:

Serial In
0 1

Serial out
1

1 0

IC 4731B
69

SISO - 4731B

70

35

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Vo song song, ra ni tip:

MSB

Parallel In
1

LSB
Serial Out

1 0

IC 74165,74LS165,74HC165
71

PISO - 74HC165

74HC165

Thanh ghi 8 bit

D liu ni tip c a vo DS
D liu song song khng ng b c a
vo qua P0 - P7
Ch c ng ra Q7 c s dng

CP l ng vo xung clock
CP INH ng vo ngn xung clock
SH/LD ng vo load d liu

72

36

PISO - 74HC165

73

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Vo ni tip, ra song song:

MSB
1

LSB

Parallel out
0

Serial In
0 1

IC 74164,74LS164,74HC164
74

37

SIPO 74ALS164/74HC164

74ALS164

Cha thanh ghi dch 8 bit

A v B l hai ng vo ca mt cng AND, ng
ra ca cnf AND l u vo ni tip.

Qu trnh dch xy ra khi c cnh m ca

xung clock

75

IC 74ALS164

76

38

V d IC 74ALS164

77

Thanh ghi dch

3684
368
36
3

V d v thanh
ghi dch trong
my tnh
78

39

B m thanh ghi dch

B m vng (FF cui ni n FF u tin)

FF cui cng s dch gi tr ca n n FF u

tin
D-FF c s dng (JK-FF cng c th c
s dng)
Phi bt u vi trng thi ch c mt FF c
gi tr 1 v nhng ci cn li trng thi 0.

79

Dch vng MOD-4

80

40

Dch vng 4 bit

B m MOD-4

81

Cu hi?

82

41