- 14

:


heading, piercing, coining,swaging and cold extrusion

 - 14

(a) Schematic illustration of the steps involved in forging a knife. (b)

Landing gear components for the C5A and C5B transport aircraft,
Landing-gear
aircraft
made by forging. (c) General view of a 445 MN (50,000 ton) hydraulic
press.

 - 14

4000 B.C.
B C



:

...

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precision forging

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15 500 kg
300 ton
nails, pins, bolts
shafts for ship propellers 23 m

Barreling

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drawing
d
Cogging i outt
C
i

.
Blacksmith Hammer Anvil

 - 14

Yf ) 2.8 (2.3

r
h
14 1
14.1

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.
:

) (flash
.

.

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Standard terminology

 - 14

Die inserts

) (insert
( PM
)

Automobile Axle Housing

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) (blank
Cropping

Preforming
g
.
Fullering
edging
g g

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k 14.2
Yf
A

 - 14
Trimming Flash After Forging

 - 14

Machine to jam

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)(Precision Forging

:

) (

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 - 14

0.5 1%
6 mm



0.25 mm

Draft angle
Fillet

mismatch

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Coining
Minting coin


5 6







coining

)(sizing

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Heading
Upset forging

... :

Buckling

Length-to-diameter
g
< 3:1

Piercing
Hubbing
Orbital forging
g g
Incremental forging

Isotherm forging

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Rotary Swaging

) (die

20
Die closing swaging machine

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Swaging

Pointing tapering
Tube swaging

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Upsetting



Hot-twist

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web
laps.

web
b


.

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)(end grains

) (grain

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) (distorsion

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Preshaping

: Preshaping
P h i

)(features
2d 3d
Side thrust
Die alignment
g

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Gutter .
3%

2 (land 5
)l d

Draft angle

) (
7 Internal draft angle 10
5
3 External draft angle
g

 - 14

H13

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Lead time

EDM
Rapid Tooling

 - 14

)(die sinking

Lead time

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