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Integrals
Integrals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
4
8
10
12
14
INICIACI
A LES INTEGRALS
om ja hem dit, Arquimedes (segle aC) va obtenir lrea de alguns
C
recintes corbs (cercle, segment de parbola, ). Ho va fer sumant
infinits trossets drees prcticament nulles, mitjanant un procediment
III
REFLEXIONA I RESOL
Dos trens
Un Talgo i un tren de mercaderies surten de la mateixa estaci, per la mateixa via i en idntica direcci,
lun rere laltre, gaireb simultniament.
Aquestes sn les grfiques
moviments.
VELOCITAT
(en km/h)
120
TEMPS
VELOCITAT
dambds
TALGO
MERCADERIES
100
80
60
40
20
TEMPS
(en hores)
s ... sin x.
s ... x .
g) 4x 3
h) x 3
i) 2x 3
j) 1
k) 4
l) 2
m) 3x 2 + 4x 3
n) 5x 2 + 7x 3
o) sin x
p) sin x
q) 5sin x
r) cos x
2 x
b) x
c) 5x
s) e x
t) 3 e x
u) e x
d) 3x 2
e) x 2
f) 5x 2
v) 2 x ln 2
w) 2 x
x) 5 2 x
La funci:
x A(x) = rea sota f
s derivable. La derivada s, precisament, f (x).
A(x)
f(x)
y = f (x)
Si lextrem superior de linterval s variable, tamb ho s lrea. s a dir, en variar x, lrea varia.
f (x)
f (x) tal
f (x) dx = F (x)
Cada funci t infinites primitives, ja que si F (x) s primitiva de f (x)
[s a dir, si F' (x) = f (x)], aleshores F (x) + k tamb ho s, perqu
D [F (x) + k] = F' (x) = f (x). I aix s cert qualsevulla que sigui la constant k. Per aix, se sol escriure:
f (x) dx = F (x) + k
Lexpressi f (x) dx sanomena
simplement, integral de f (x). Per aix, el clcul de primitives sacostuma a anomenar clcul dintegrals o integraci.
TINGUES EN COMPTE
Propietats
Com que el procs dintegraci s oposat al de derivaci, moltes de les
seves propietats es dedueixen, immediatament, de les propietats de les
derivades. Les ms importants sn:
1 dx = x + k
x
+ k, si n ? 1
x dx =
n+1
1
dx = x dx = ln | x | + k
x
n+1
Per exemple:
x2 + 1
x3
+k=
+k
2+1
3
x
x
x dx = 7 + 1 + k = 8 + k
x
x
x dx = 1 + 1 + k = 2 + k
2
x
x dx = x dx = 1/2 + 1 + k = 3 x
x 2 dx =
7
7+1
1+1
1/2
1/2 + 1
3/2
+k=
2 x 3
+k
3
sin x dx = cos x + k
x
cos x dx = sin x + k
dx = e x + k
dx =
1
ax + k
ln a
EXERCICIS RESOLTS
1. Troba les integrals segents:
a) 3x 5 dx
b)
a) 3x 5 dx = 3 x 5 dx = 3
b)
1
dx
x3
dx =
dx
c)
d)
5x dx
d)
5x
2x
3
2
3
dx =
5 x
2 x 1/2
3
2
+ 1
3
3
x3
dx =
+k=
+ k = 3 x + k
2
1
+ 1
3
3
dx =
2x
x 3 + 1
x 2
+k=
+k= 1 +k
3 + 1
2
2x 2
dx =
c)
x6
x6
+k=
+k
6
2
dx =
1/3
e) (3x 3 5x 2 + 3) dx
2
3
5
1/2 1/3
dx =
2
3
5
1/6
dx =
7
2 x 7/6
= 3
+ k = 6 2 3 x + k
7/6
5
75
g) (3 cos x 5 e ) dx
f ) (2 x + 3x) dx
(3x
3x
= 3 x
5x 2 + 3) dx =
=3
f)
(2
+ 3x ) dx =
5x
dx 5 x
dx
3 dx =
dx + 3 dx =
dx +
3
5
x4
x3
5
+ 3x + k = x 4 x 3 + 3x + k
4
3
4
3
1
1
2x +
3x + k
ln 2
ln 3
EXERCICIS PROPOSATS
1. Calcula les integrals segents:
a)
7x 4
b)
dx
2. Calcula:
1
dx
x2
x 4 5x 2 + 3x 4
dx
x
b) (5 cos x + 3 ) dx
7x 5x + 3x 4
c)
dx
x
d) (10 5 ) dx
a)
c)
x dx
d)
5x
dx
e)
x +
5x 3
3x
dx
f)
5x 3
3x dx
3
RECORDA
I = cos (x 2 5x + 3) (2x 5) dx
Si observem que D (x 2 5x + 3) = 2x 5, la integral s immediata
Si
g (ax + b) dx =
g (ax + b)
a
f (x) dx = F (x) + k,
Per exemple:
f (ax + b) dx = a F (ax + b) + k .
aleshores
sin (3x + 5)
+k
3
cos (3x + 5) dx =
SUMA
PRODUCTE
POTNCIES
x n, n ? 1
x 1 =
EXPONENCIALS
TRIGONOMTRIQUES
PER UN NOMBRE
1
x
f (x) dx = k f (x) dx
dx =
xn + 1
+k
n+1
f (x)
dx =
x1 dx = ln | x | + k
ax
+k
ln a
f' (x) dx =
f (x)n + 1
+k
n+1
f' (x)
dx = ln | f (x) | + k
f (x)
a f (x)
+k
ln a
ax
ex
sin x
sin x dx = cos x + k
cos x
cos x dx = sin x + k
a x dx =
x
dx = e x + k
f (x)
EXERCICIS RESOLTS
1. Troba les primitives (o
integrals) de les funcions
segents:
4
a) g(x) = (3x 5 )
a)
(3x 5) dx =
2x 5
x 2 5x + 6
Per tant:
(x 2 + 3x ) (2x + 3) dx =
(x 2 + 3x )
+k
5
1
(3x 5)
(3x 5)
+k=
+k
3
5
15
2x 5
dx = ln | x 2 5x + 6 | + k
5x + 6
d) Observem que si f (x) = cos x, aleshores f' (x) = sin x. Per tant:
f ) g(x) = e 2x + 3
g) g(x) = cos 3x
2
+ k = cos x + k
2
x e
i ) g(x) = tg x
x2
dx =
1
2
(2x ) e
(x 2)
1 (x 2)
1 x2
e
+k=
e +k
2
2
dx =
1
e 2x + 3
+ k = e 2x + 3 + k
2
2
sin 3x
+k
3
f ) e 2x + 3 dx =
g) cos 3x dx =
cos (x
i) Com que tg x =
+
2
sin x
cos x
sin x
tg x dx = cos x
(2x) dx = sin x 2 +
2
+k
dx =
f' (x)
sin x
dx =
dx = ln | cos x | + k
f (x)
cos x
EXERCICIS PROPOSATS
3. Troba les primitives daquestes funcions:
2
a) f (x) = (x 3 5x + 3) (3x 2 5)
b) f (x) = (5x + 1)
c) f (x) =
d) f (x) =
3x 2 3
x 3 3x
x2
1
x 3 3x
a) f (x) = x 2 x ln 2
b) f (x) = x 2 x
c) f (x) = 2 3x 5
d) f (x) = sin 3x
e) f (x) = sin (x 3 4x 2 ) (3x 2 8x)
f) f (x) =
cos x
sin x
POTNCIA
ndex de natalitat
Augment de
la poblaci
Espai
recorregut
t1
Energia
consumida
t2
TEMPS
ndex de mortalitat
TEMPS
TEMPS
y = f (x)
f
a
f
a
f(x) dx
Si la corba est per damunt de leix X ( f (x) > 0) la integral s positiva, i si est per sota de leix X ( f (x) < 0) la integral s negativa.
EXERCICIS RESOLTS
1. Troba les integrals
representades en les grfiques:
a)
y = f(x) = 1 x + 4
2
b)
f
2
6
6
x +4 =8
2
1
32 =
2
= 4,5 . Com que est per sota de leix X, la integral s negativa.
y = f(x)
9
f =
= 4,5 = 14,137
2
0
y = f(x) = 2 x
4
0
f
1
(2 x) = 0,5 2 = 1,5
1
c)
Si mantenim variable lextrem superior del recinte lrea del qual estem
descrivint, aleshores lrea tamb s variable: s una funci que depn
de la posici que ocupi lesmentat extrem superior.
x
f
a
F (x) =
F (x) =
la posici de x.
f
a
Y
F(x) =
f =x
0
F (x) =
s lrea acu-
y = f (x) = 1
F (x) =
f =x
0
F (x) =
f = 2x
0
En general:
y = f (x) = 2
F (x) =
f = 2x
0
y = F (x)
ms a poc a poc.
x
F (x) =
y = f (x)
a
F (x) =
y = f (x)
f
a
F (x) =
y = F(x)
y = f (x)
s f (x): F (x) =
f la derivada de la qual
a
3. La integral buscada s:
f = G (b) G (a)
a
Demostraci:
TINGUES EN COMPTE
x
a
F (a) =
F (x) =
del clcul sabem que F' (x) = f (x). G (x) s una altra primitiva de
f (x).
x
Per tant,
F (x) = G (x) + k,
s a dir,
F (x) =
f = G (x) + k.
a
En definitiva:
f = G (b) G (a)
a
3
Un exemple: Calculem
y=
x2
(x
2x + 2) dx:
2x + 2
G (x) = (x 2 2x + 2) dx =
x3
x 2 + 2x
3
3
1
10
(x
2
2x + 2) dx = G (3) G (2) = 6
8
3
8
10
=
3
3
EXERCICIS RESOLTS
1. Calcula les integrals segents:
a)
sin x dx
Es calculen G (b) i G (a):
b)
sin x dx
c)
(x 3 4x 2 + 3x ) dx
0
sin x dx = G (2) G () = 1 1 = 2
y = sin x
2
0
sin x dx = 2 .
0
8
44
4 43
3 42
+
=
; G (0) = 0
3
4
3
2
sin x dx = 2 .
x4
4x 3
3x 2
+
4
3
2
c) G (x) = (x 3 4x 2 + 3x ) dx =
G (4) =
(x 3 4x 2 + 3x ) dx =
0
8
8
0=
3
3
I
0
II
III
3 4
EXERCICIS PROPOSATS
5. Troba i interpreta aquestes integrals:
4
a)
sin x dx
0
b)
(x 2 4) dx
2
tricament:
dx
11
x1
x2
x3
G (x1) G (a)
f (x) dx.
G (x3) G (x2)
x1
G (x2) G (x1)
x2
x3
8
G (b) G (x3)
EXERCICIS RESOLTS
1. Troba lrea tancada entre la
corba y = x 2 1, leix X i les
rectes x = 2 i x = 3.
G (x) = (x 2 1) dx =
x3
x
3
2
3
G (1) =
2
3
G (1) =
2
3
G (3) = 6
(x 2 1) dx = G (1) G (2) =
2
1
(x 2 1) dx = G (1) G (1) =
1
3
(x
1
2 2 4
=
3
3
3
( )
2
1) dx = G (3) G (1) = 6
3
12
( )
2 2
4
4
=
8 REA [2, 1] =
3
3
3
3
4
4
20
28 2
+
+
=
u
3
3
3
3
8 REA [1, 1] =
20
20
8 REA [1, 3] =
3
3
4
3
x 3 4x 2 + 3x = 0
x 2 4x + 3 = 0 8 x2 = 1, x3 = 3
II. Les tres arrels sn vlides. La primera coincideix amb lextrem inferior
de linterval. Hi ha, per tant, tres recintes:
[0, 1], [1, 3] i [3, 4]
III. G (x) = (x 3 4x 2 + 3x ) dx =
IV. G (0) = 0, G (1) =
x 4 4x 3
3x 2
+
4
3
2
5
9
8
, G (3) = , G (4) =
12
4
3
| | |
8 9
59
III = | G (4) G (3)| = |
=
3 ( 4 ) | 12
9 5
32
32
REA II = | G (3) G (1)| =
=
=
4
12
12
12
2
I
0
II
III
3 4
REA
5
32
59 96
+
+
=
=8
12
12
12 12
[
1
]
4
III. G (x) = (x 3 4x ) dx =
x 4 4x 2
x4
=
2x 2
4
2
4
7
IV. G (1) = , G (2) = 4, G (4) = 32
4
| ( ) | = 2,25
V. REA
DEL RECINTE
7
I = | G (2) G (1) | = 4
4
REA
DEL RECINTE
VI. REA
TOTAL
= 2,25 + 36 = 38,25 u2
EXERCICIS PROPOSATS
7. Troba lrea compresa entre la funci y = (x 2 1)
(x 2 4), leix X i les rectes x = 0, x = 5.
13
I
x1
x2
x3
x1
y = g(x)
II
x2
x3
EXERCICIS RESOLTS
1. Troba lrea tancada entre les
grfiques de les funcions
segents:
y = x2 + x 2
y = 2x
La funci diferncia s:
y = (x 2 + x 2) 2x = x 2 x 2
Trobem lrea entre la funci
y = x 2 x 2 i leix X.
y = x2 + x 2
y = 2x
y = x2 x 2
x 2 x 2 = 0 8 x = 1, x = 2. Interval [1, 2]
3
2
Primitiva de la funci: G (x) = (x 2 x 2) dx = x x 2x
3
2
G (1) =
7
10
, G (2) =
6
3
(x 2 x 2) dx = G (2) G (1) =
1
G (x) = (x 3 x) dx =
x4
4
x2
+1
y = x3 x
1
1
, G (0) = 0, G (1) =
4
4
I
1
TOTAL
| ( ) | = 14
1
1
[0, 1] = | G (1) G (0) | = |
0| =
4
4
1
RECINTE I: REA [1, 0] = | G (0) G (1) | = 0
4
1
1
1 2
+
=
u
4
4
2
EXERCICIS PROPOSATS
14
II
x 3 x = 0 8 x 1 = 1, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 1
y=
x+
f (x) g (x) = (x 3 x)
G (1) =
10
7
9
9 2
=
8 REA =
u
3
6
2
2
y=
f (x) = x 3 x 2 + 4
g (x) = x 2 + 3x + 4
II
a) Descomponem la fracci en suma dunes altres dues i expressem cada sumand com a potncia:
x + x
x
x
x
+
=
x
x
x
a) f (x) =
1
3
1
2
=x
1
2
1 1
3 2
+x
1
2
=x
1
6
+x
1
2
d) f (x) =
c) f (x) = 3x + 1
1
6
+x
1
2
+1
+1
6
x2
6 6 5
2
x 000000
dx =
+
+k=
x + x 3 + k
5
3
1
1
+1
+1
6
2
1
3
1
b) sin (3x + ) dx =
3
5x 2
e) f (x) = x x 2 + 1
g) f (x) = e 4x 3
(3x + 2 3x + 1) dx = (3x + 2 3 x
1
2
+ 1) dx =
h) f (x) =
1
3
2x
x
3
3x 2
=
+ 2 3
2
x2
3x 2
4 3
+x+k=
+
x 3 + x + k
3
2
3
2
d) Expressem com a potncia:
2
(5x 2)
1
3
1
dx =
5
3 3
(5x 2)2 + k
10
=
1
2
e) x (x 2 + 1) dx =
1
3
1 (5x 2)3
5 (5x 2) dx =
+k=
2
5
3
1
2
2x (x
1
2
+ 1) dx =
1
2
(x 2
+ 1)
3
2
3
2
+k=
1
(x 2 + 1) 3 + k
3
f) Desenvolupem el quadrat:
(4x
+ 12x 2 + 9) dx =
g) e 4x 3 dx =
h)
2x +
3
x
3
1
4
4 e
4x 3
) (
dx =
4x 5
12x 3
4x 5
+
+ 9x + k =
+ 4x 3 + 9x + k
5
3
5
1
3
dx =
1
3
1 4x 3
e
+k
4
1
1
2
dx =
1 x 2/3
1 x 3/2
3 3
2 3 3
x + k
+
+ k = 3 x 2 +
2/3
3/2
2
3
22
33
3
15
3x 1 dx
b)
d)
3x 1 dx = 3 3x 1 dx =
2
ln | 3x 1 | + k
3
a)
c)
a) 2
x+1
dx
+ 2x + 3
3x 2 2x + 1
dx
x2
1
2
1
2x + 2
dx =
ln (x 2 + 2x + 3) + k
2
+ 2x + 3
2x 2 3x + 5
dx
2x + 1
c) Descomponem en sumes i restes:
e)
f)
ln x
dx
x
x
3 (x
2
1
1
+ 2 dx = 3x 2 ln | x |
+k
x
x
x
(3
1)3 dx
g) cos 4x sin 2 4x dx
h) x 2 e x
3x 2 2x + 1
dx =
x2
dx
2x 2 3x + 5
dx =
2x + 1
(x 2 + 2x + 1 ) dx = x2
2x +
7 |
ln 2x + 1 | + k
2
x
f)
ln x dx =
123
f'
3 (x
(ln x) 2
+k
2
1 1
3 2
1)3 dx =
2x (x
1)3 dx =
1 (x 2 1)4
+k=
6
4
1
(x 2 1)4 + k
24
4 cos 4x
sin 2 4x dx =
14243
14243
f'
f2
1
4
sin 3 4x
+k
3
x
16
ex
dx =
1
3
3x
ex
dx =
1 x3 1
e
+k
3
3 Clcul drees
x4
4
G (1) =
1
2
1
1
x 3 dx = G (0) G (1) = 0
=
4
4
8 rea [1, 0] =
1 2
u
4
1
17 2
+4=
u
4
4
rea total =
Considera la funci:
2
si x 0
x2 1
f (x) =
2
(x 1) si x > 0
Representa el recinte limitat
pels eixos de coordenades i la
grfica de la funci i troban
lrea.
R2
1 R1
x3
x
3
| | [ ] | = 23 u
(x 1)
rea de R = (x 1) dx = [
] = 13 u
3
rea de R1 =
(x 2 1) dx =
3 1
rea total =
2 1
+ = 1 u2
3 3
x = 1,2
x = 3,2
2 20
2
2
2 1
x 2 + 2x + 4 = 2x 8 x = 2
2
rea =
(x 2 + 2x + 4 2x) dx =
2
x3
+ 4x
3
1 2 3
2
4
=
2
32 2
u
3
17
1 2
y = 5x i y =
x
5
y=
Representa el recinte.
1 2
x
5
5x =
1 2
1 4
x 8 5x =
x 8
5
25
x =0
8 125x x 4 = 0 8 x (125 x 3) = 0
x =5
1 2
x
5
Funci diferncia: y = 5x
1 2
x3
2 5x 3
x dx =
5
15
3
(5x
Trobem el valor de G en x = 0 i en x = 5:
2 25
125
25
=
3
15
3
G (0) = 0; G (5) =
Calculem lrea:
5
5x
1 2
25
x dx = G (5) G (0) =
5
3
y
5x
rea =
25 2
u
3
y = 1 x2
5
7 Clcul drees
x4
4x 3
x2
4x 3
x4
Punts dintersecci:
=0
Calculem lrea:
y = x 4 4x 3
y=
x2
4x 3
(x 4 x 2 ) dx = G(0) G(1) =
1
1
(x
x 2 ) dx = G(1) G(0) =
rea demanada =
18
x =0
x = 1
x =1
x2
x5 x3
5
3
2
2 2
8 rea [1, 0] =
u
15
15
2
15
2
2
4 2
=
+
u
15 15 15
8 rea [0, 1] =
2 2
u
15
Calcula lrea del recinte limitat per les grfiques de les funcions:
8 Clcul drees
x=8
4
y= x
3
2
1
A2
A1
4
8
x
y = x :
y=
8
x
y = x
8
= x
x
64
= x 8 x 3 = 64 8 x = 4
x2
Dividim el recinte en dues parts per poder-ne calcular les rees aplicant la regla de Barrow:
A1: ser el recinte limitat per la corba y = x
abscisses x = 0 i x = 4.
8
A2: ser el recinte limitat per la corba y =
x
abscisses x = 4 i x = 8.
Calculem lrea de A 1:
[ ]
2x 3
3
dx =
rea A1 =
16 2
u
3
4
0
24 3
16
=
=
3
3
Calculem lrea de A 2:
8
8
dx = 8 ln | x |
x
= 8 ln 8 8 ln 4 = 8 ln
4
8
= 8 ln 2
4
rea A2 = 8 ln 2 u 2
16
+ 8 ln 2 u 2
3
19
PER PRACTICAR
a) x 5x 2 + 1 dx
Clcul de primitives
10 Troba una primitiva de les funcions segents:
x
c) f (x) = + x 2
2
d) f (x) =
1
1
e) f (x) = 2 + 3
x
x
3
f) f (x) = x +
5x 4
1
+
e)
3x
g)
x
3
h) f (x) =
8x 3
3x 2
b) 5x 2
3
x
2
x+1
f)
c)
x + x2
g)
x3
dx
4
d) x e x dx
f) sin 2 x cos x dx
h) x sin x 2 dx
x4
x2
x2
x3 2
d)
x2
c)
3 2x
x
e)
h)
a)
( 1 sin 2 ) dx
c)
cos x
dx
2
b) cos x +
sin x dx
e) sin
d)
x dx
2
b) x 2 2 x
x e
dx
x + 5
x+5
d)
+5
dx
x3
dx
2
6x + 2
3x 2
dx
3x 2 dx
f)
f) cos
x dx
2
b) e 2x 1 dx
d) 3 2 dx
c) 2 x 7 dx
14 Calcula:
g)
dx
x+3
dx
2
2x
dx
+2
x 2 + 5x 7
dx
x +3
2x 2 3x + 1
dx
2x 1
d)
x 2 + 3x 1
dx
x2 1
1
dx
x
b) sin x cos x dx
dx
d)
f)
3x
g)
3x 2 + 2x 1
dx h)
x2
i)
x ln x dx
a)
c)
x x
b) (2x + 1) 5 dx
d) 3x 5 dx
3
dx
2x 1
f)
h)
3x
sin
e) (2x 2 + 1) 2 dx
x
2
dx
residu
divisor
18 Calcula:
a) (x 3) 3 dx
e)
b)
Dividend
divisor
a) e x + 3 dx
x + 2
x 2 3x + 4
dx
x1
13 Calcula:
20
a) sin 3x dx
c)
5x
2 + 2 dx
a) 3e 5x dx
12 Resol:
c)
dx
3
16 Calcula:
x2
x
e)
x2
b) f (x) = 2x 3
a) f (x) = x + 1
g) f (x) =
2x + 1
dx
+x3
c)
b)
1
dx
+ 2x + 1
x
j)
dx
2
ex
1+e
1
dx
cos e x dx
Integral definida
PER RESOLDRE
a)
(3x ) dx
2
b)
(2x 1) dx
4
c)
(x 3 + x) dx
d)
1
e)
dx
x
1
f)
e x 2 dx
1
1
3
g)
3x dx
(sin x cos x) dx
h)
sin 2x dx
rectes x =
i x= .
4
4
d) La funci y = cos x i leix OX entre x = 0
i x = .
24 Calcula lrea compresa entre les corbes:
a) y = x 2 i y = 3 2x
b) y = 4 x 2 i y = 3x 2
Clcul drees
21 Troba, en cada cas, lrea limitada per:
a) f (x) = x 2 4, leix X i les rectes x = 0 i
x = 2.
b) f (x) = 2x x 2, leix X i les rectes x = 1 i
x = 1.
i y = x2 2
d) y = 4 x 2 i y = x 2 4
e) y = (x + 2)2 (x 3) i leix dabscisses.
25 Troba lrea compresa entre
y = x 2 + 4x + 5 i la recta y = 5.
a) y = x 3 + x 2; y = x 3 + 1; x = 1; x = 1
b) y = x 2; y = 1 x 2; y = 2
c) y = x (x 1) (x 2); y = 0
d) y = x 2 2x ; y = x
e) y = x 3 2x ; y = x 2
f) f (x) =
x = 3.
x2
corba
c) f (x) = x 2 2x 3 i leix X.
la
f ) y = 2x x 3; y = x 2
27 Un dipsit es buida de manera variable segons la
funci v (t) = 5 0,1t (t en min, v en l/min).
Calcula quant sha buidat el dipsit entre els minuts 100 i 200.
28 Una fbrica aboca diriament material contaminant a una bassa dacord amb un ritme donat
per la funci segent: m = 0,01t 3 0,2t 2 + t + 1
essent m la quantitat de material en kg i t
lhora del dia. Quant material aboca cada dia?
d) y = x 2; y = x 2 + 2x
e) y = 2x 2 + 5x 3; y = 3x + 1
f ) y = 4 x 2; y = 8 2x 2; x = 2; x = 2
21
2
1
1
x 2,
a)
b)
d)
f
1
f
1
10
|2x 4|.
3
f (x) dx
b)
I) y =
si 0 x 1
si 1 < x 2
f (x) = 2
x + 3x
| x + 3|
1
si x <
2
1
si x 3
2
si x > 3
x2
2
II) y = 2x 2
III) y = x 2
| f |
a
f+
a
b)
f
b
c)
d)
f
b
f+
a
f
b
45 Essent F (x) =
IV) y = x 2 + 1
a)
f i representa-la.
0
si 1 x 1
2x
g (x) = 2
x + 1 si 1 < x 3
22
x2
f (x) =
2 x
F (x) =
35 Calcula: a)
b) Calcula
c)
QESTIONS TERIQUES
f = 3x
Y
r
f.
3
b) Troba, desprs,
b
f .
3
1
(x ? 0):
x2
a) Calcula
PER APROFUNDIR
48 Sabent que aquesta grfica correspon a f (x) = x 2,
justifica quina de les funcions segents s
f :
1
a) F (x) = x 3 1
x3
b) F (x) =
3
x3 1
3
3
c) F (x) =
f (x) dx en funci de a.
1
F (x) =
AUTOAVALUACI
1. Resol les integrals segents:
a)
c)
( 3 x
(
2x +
3 5x
2
1
dx
2
b)
dx
e) x 2x 2 + 1 dx
d)
f)
1
x
x3
dx
2
+ 2x dx
x2
x 2 + 3x 2
dx
x1
2. Calcula:
3
a)
2
dx
x
+
2
1
b)
e 3x 1 dx
1/3
h (x) =
1
(5x + 20)
2
23