Shear strain , =

Deformation
AC AD + DC
=
=
Original length BD
BD

F
N

The friction angle is related the coefficient of friction as =tan

Based on the shear force , we can define shear stress that acts alongthe shear plane between

the workpiecethe chip =

Shear stress , =

Fs
t w
where A s isthe area of the shear plane ; A s= 0 , where w is the widthdimension
As
sin

Fs
t w
, where A s= 0 shear force F s=F c cosF t sin
As
sin
shear plane angle

= ( Fc cos - Ft sin ) / (t0 w/ sin )

Take derivative of the shear stress with respect

to the shear angle and setting the derivative to
zero, then we get Merchant Equation:
= 45 + /2 - /2

=45+
2 2
t c =1.125

suppose ,the previous example , the cutting forcethrust force are measured during an orthogonal
Cutting operations:

Fc =1559 N Ft =1271 N width of therthogonal cutting is w=3.0 mm. based on these data , determinethe shear
Total length of cut=cutting velocity time span
If in turning of a steel rod by a given cutting tool(material and geometry) at a given
machining condition under a given environment(cutting fluid application),the tool
life decreases from 80 min. to 20 min. due to increase in cutting velocity, V c from 60
m/min to 120 m/min., then at what cutting velocity the life of the tool under the
same condition and environment will be 40 min,?