Cún 1

XY DNG H THNG MNG C D PHNG
V SN SNG CAO
Quang Minh Vng Linh Lan
Page 1
LI M U
Trong nn kinh t ton cu hin nay, hu ht mi hot ng kinh doanh

ca cc doanh nghip (c bit i vi cc doanh nghip ti chnh) u c
thc thi da trn nn tng ca h thng CNTT. iu ny ng ngha, s c thi
gian cht xy ra trong trung tm d liu (TTDL) s l mt "thm ha", mt "k
ph hy trin vng kinh doanh" ca cc doanh nghip. Khi s ph thuc cng
cao, thi gian cht hay tr mng cng tr nn nguy him, v ch cn chm
giao dch trong tch tc, t chc cng c th thit hi rt nhiu tin. Tuy nhin,
khng phi mi doanh nghip u s gp s c vi TTDL. Nu c thit k c
tin cy v d phng tt, mi nguy c u c qun l hiu qu, mt s
TTDL vn c th duy tr hot ng 24/7
Do vy vic pht trin cc mng c phng n d phng v sn sng
cao l v cng cn thit. Trong n ny, chng em xin c khai thc mt
phn no cc phng php d phng cho mt mng c s n gin c nh
trn c s nhng g chng em c tip thu.
Page 2
MC LC
Trang
LI M U
MC LC
2
3
DANH MC HNH
T VIT TT
5
7
CHNG I - TNG QUAN V D PHNG MNG
1.1 Thit k mng LAN
1.1.1. Cc cu trc lin kt ca mng LAN
1.1.1.1. Cc Cu trc lin kt c bn
1.1.1.2. Cc cu trc lin kt dng kt hp

1.2: Cc gii php d phng
10
12
CHNG II - HOT NG CA CC GII PHP D PHNG MNG 13

2.1 First Hop Redundancy Protocol
13
2.1.1. Proxy ARP
14
2.1.2 Static Default Gateway
14
2.2 Router Redundancy Protocols

2.2.1 HSRP - Hot Standby Redundancy Protocol VRRP
16
17
2.2.1. 1. Qu trnh hot ng ca HSRP
17
2.2.1.2. Cc trng thi trong giao thc HSRP
20
2.2.2. VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
22
2.2.3. GLBP v cch thc hot ng
23
2.3. Kt tp link(ether channel)
24
2.3.1. Ether Channel

24
Page 3
2.3.2. Cch thc hot ng ca EtherChannel
25
CHNG III. TRIN KHAI H THNG D PHNG
27
3.1. Xy dng h thng
27
3.1.1. Yu cu k thut
27
3.1.2. Phng n thit k
27
3.2. Thit k h thng o trn Cisco Packet Tracer
27
3.3. Kt qu
32
CHNG IV. KT LUN
41
33
TI LIU THAM KHO
42
DANH SCH PHN CNG N
Page 4
DANH MC HNH
Trang
Hnh 1.1 - S nguyn l ca mt mng LAN c bn
Hnh 1.2 - Cc dng cu trc lin kt mng LAN
11
Hnh 1.3 M hnh mng 3 lp : core distribution access
12
Hnh 2.1 Minh ha cho nh ngha Proxy ARP
14
Hnh 2.2 Minh ha cho static default gateway
14
Hnh 2.3 M phng trng hp gp s c i vi Static Default gateway v

Proxy ARP
15
Hnh 2.4 Minh ha cho nh ngha Router Redundancy
16
Hnh 2.5 M t qu trnh chuyn mch (Switch) gia cc router thng qua
virtual router
16
Hnh 2.6 Hnh minh ha cho HSRP
17
Hnh 2.7 Qu trnh hot ng ca 1 mng HSRP
18
Hnh 2.8 Header ca mt gi d liu truyn trong h thng HSRP
19
Hnh 2.9 Qu trnh chuyn mch d liu ca HSRP khi xy ra s c
19
Hnh 2.10 Cc trng thi ca HSRP
20
Hnh 1.11 M t qu trnh trng thi ca HSRP standby Group 1
21
Hnh 2.12 Qu trnh truyn d liu trong HSRP, d liu lun c u tin cho
router Listen
21
Hnh 2.13 M phng trng thi active ca router
22
Hnh 2.14 M hnh VRRP chia s ti
23
Hnh 2.15 Hnh m t chi tit lin kt dng GLBP
24
Hnh 2.16 S cu mt h thng d phng s dng HSRP v EtherChannel.26

Hnh 2.1 - Kt qu th nghim thit k ngh trn Cisco Packet Tracer.
33
Hnh 3.2 Kt qu khi h thng t ng trin khai HSRP
33
Page 5
Hnh 3.3 Kt qu khi h thng t ng trin khai Etherchannel.
34
Hnh 3.4 H thng trin khai t ng kt ni EtherChannel khi mt i mt kt

ni vi Switch lp Core.
34
Hnh 3.5 H thng t ng kt ni HSRP khi mt i kt ni vi Switch lp

Distributor.
35
Hnh 3.6 - Ping vlan 172.16.10.1 t vlan 172.16.10.4
36
Hnh 3.7 - Ping vlan 172.16.20.5 t vlan 172.16.10.4
36
Hnh 3.8 - Ping 172.16.10.4 t vlan 172.16.20.4
37
Hnh 3.9 Ping 172.16.10.5 t vlan 172.16.20.4
37
Hnh 3.10 - Trng thi ca cc Vlan i vi Multi Switch 1
38
Hnh 3.11 - Trng thi ca cc Vlan i vi Multi Switch 1.
38
Hnh 3.12 - Etherchannel PaGP cho switch 1 va 2.
39
Hnh 3.13 - C lp h thng vi Multi-switch 1.
39
Hnh 3.14 - Ping li h thng m bo h thng thng sut.
40
Page 6
T VIT TT
STT Ch vit tt
Ngha ting Anh
Ngha ting Vit
LAN
Local Area Network
Mng ni b
HSRP
Hot standby router/

redanduncy protocol
Giao thc b nh
tuyn d phng nng
VRRP
Virtual router redanduncy

protocol
Giao thc d phng

router o
PAgP
Port Aggregation Protocol
LACP
Link Aggregation Control

Protocol
GLBP
Global load-balancing
Protocol
LACP
Load
Page 7
CHNG I
TNG QUAN V D PHNG MNG
1.1. THIT K MNG LAN:
Khi nim v mng LAN:
LAN (local area network) l mng cc b dng kt ni cc my tnh
vi nhau trong mt khu vc. Kt ni c thc hin thng qua mi trng
truyn thng tc cao nh dy cp. Cc LAN khi kt ni vi nhau s thnh
WAN.LAN thng bao gm my ch (server,host) , v my ch thng l my
c b x l tc cao (high-speed CPU), b nh (RAM) v cng (Hard Disks
or cloud-memory) ln.
Hinh 1.1 - S nguyn l ca mt mng LAN c bn

u im
u im u tin ca mng LAN l khi cc my kt ni thnh LAN th
cc my c th s dng chung mt ng dng/ ti nguyn no .
Page 8
u im th hai ca mng LAN l d dng trao i thng tin vi nhau;

c th s dng chung cc thit b ngoi vi; vic truyn tin n tt c cc my
cng s d dng vi tc cao.
Hot ng
Mng LAN s dng mng li cc cp v cc h thng bus lm phng
tin giao tip v truyn ti d liu. Kt ni vt l ca h thng giao tip ny
c thc hin bng cch cm card giao tip mng NIC(Network interface card)
vo trong my tnh v ni n vi cp mng.Khi kt ni vt l hon tt th vic
qun l truyn tin tu thuc vo nn tng v giao thc mng c s dng. Khi
mt my mun gi mt thng ip cho my khc th n s dng mt phn mm
trong my t thng ip vo mt gi d liu (data packet) trong d liu
thng ip c bao bc bi tn hiu u v tn hiu cui, sau dng phn
mm mng gi gi tin n cho my tnh cn thu nhn thng tin. NIC s
chuyn gi tn hiu vo LAN, gi tn hiu c truyn i nh mt dng cc bit
d liu. Khi chy trong cp chung th mi my u nhn c tn hiu ny. NIC
mi trm s kim d liu v my tnh s nhn d liu trong tn hiu u ca
gi d liu (header sector of data packet) xc nh ng a ch n.V
khi gi tn hiu i n a ch cn n th ch my s sao chp gi d liu
mt ln na ri ly d liu khi gi tin v a vo my tnh.
1.1.1. Cc cu trc lin kt vt l ca mng LAN (Toplogy)
Cu trc lin kt mng vt l (Physical Network topology) l s dng
biu din cc kiu sp xp, b tr vt l ca my tnh, dy cp v nhng thnh
phn khc trn mng theo phng din vt l.
1.1.1.1 Cc cu trc lin kt c bn
Cu trc lin kt dng hnh sao (star topology)
Cu trc lin kt dng hinh sao l mt dng lin kt m cc my tnh
c ni vo mt thit b u ni trung tm (Hub/Switch). Tn hiu c truyn
t my tnh gi d liu qua hub tn hiu c khuch i v truyn n tt c
cc my tnh khc trn mng.
u im:
Cu trc lin kt dng hnh sao cung cp ti nguyn v ch qun l tp
trung. Khi mt on cp b hng th ch nh hng n my dng on
cp , mng vn hot ng bnh thng.dng ny cho php chng ta c
th m rng hoc thu hp mng mt cch d dng.
Khuyt im:
Page 9
Do mi my tnh u phi ni vo mt trung tm im nn kin trc ny

i hi nhiu cp v phi tnh ton v tr t thit b trung tm. Khi thit
b trung tm im b hng th ton b h thng mng cng ngng hot
ng.
Cu trc lin kt dng hnh tuyn (bus topology)
Cu trc lin kt dng hinh tuyn l mt dng lin kt cho php ni
mng cc my tnh n gin v ph bin nht hin nay. N dng mt on cp
ni tt c my tnh v cc thit b trong mng thnh mt hng. Khi mt my tnh
trn mng gi d liu di dng tn hiu in th tn hiu ny s c lan truyn
trn on cp n cc my tnh cn li, tuy nhin d liu ny ch c my tnh
c a ch so khp vi a ch m ha trong d liu chp nhn. Mi ln ch c
mt my c th gi d liu ln mng v vy s lng my tnh trn bus cng
tng th hiu sut thi hnh mng cng chm.
u im:
Dng ny dng t cp, d lp t, gi thnh r. Khi m rng mng tng
i n gin, nu khong cch xa th c th dng repeater khuch i
tn hiu.
Khuyt im:
Khi on cp t i hoc cc u ni b h ra th s c hai u cp
khng ni vi terminator nn tn hiu s di ngc v lm cho ton b h
thng mng s ngng hot ng.
Cu trc lin kt dng vng (ring topology)
Cu trc lin kt dng vng cho php cc my tnh v cc thit b ni
vi nhau thnh mt vng khp kn, khng c u no b h. Tn hiu c
truyn i theo mt chiu v qua nhiu my tnh.
1.1.1.2. Cu trc lin kt dng kt hp
Cu trc lin kt kt hp Star/Bus.
Cu trc lin kt kt hp Star/Bus l cu trc lin kt dng kt hp
gia dng Star v dng Bus. Trong kin trc ny mt vi mng c kin trc hnh
star c ni vi trc cp chnh (Bus). Nu mt my tnh no b hng th n
khng nh hng n phn cn li ca mng. Nu mt Hub b hng th ton b
cc my tnh trn Hub s khng th giao tip c.
Cu trc lin kt kt hp Star/Ring.
Page 10
Tng t nh Cu trc lin kt kt hp Star/Bus, khi cc Hub trong kin

trc Star/Bus u c ni vi nhau bng trc cp thng (bus) th cc Hub trong
cu trc Star/Ring c ni theo dng hnh sao vi mt Hub chnh
Cu trc lin kt dng full mesh
Tng cp my tnh thit lp cc tuyn kt ni lin im do s lng
tuyn kt ni nhanh chng gia tng khi s lng my tnh trong mng tng ln
nn ngi ta t dng cho cc mng li ln.
Cu trc lin kt dng phn cp (hierachical)
M hnh ny cho php qun l thit b tp chung, cc my trm c t
theo tng lp ty thuc vo chc nng ca tng lp, u im r rng nht ca
topo dng ny l kh nng qun l, bo mt h thng,nhng nhc im ca n
l vic phi dng nhiu b tp trung dn n chi ph nhiu.
Hinh 1.2 - Cc dng cu trc lin kt mng LAN

-Cu trc h thng mng c thit k theo m hinh kin trc thit k hin
i vi 03 lp mng chc nng bao gm :
- Lp mng trc xng sng (Core Network).
- Lp mng phn b (Distribution Network).
- Lp mng truy cp (Access Network).
Page 11
Hinh 1.3 M hinh mng 3 lp : core distribution access

Vic phn b cc thit b chuyn mch a lp (multi-layer) 3 lp mng
khc nhau bao gm cc thit b chuyn mch lp 1 ti lp mng truy cp v cc
thit b chuyn mch lp 2 v 3 ti lp mng trc v phn b.Vi s phn b
ny th s cung cp c kh nng hot ng cao v tng tin cy trong vic
cung cp dch v trn mng. Chc nng chuyn mch lp cung cp kh nng x
l nh tuyn lp 3 cho cc ng dng trn mng,cc tnh nng ti u v d liu
v an ninh, iu khin lung thng tin trn din rng (broadcast) ,kh nng phn
cp v cc chnh sch chats lng dch v n ngi dng.
1.2. CC GII PHP D PHNG MNG
Gii php d phng l bo v h thng d liu ca doanh nghip sao
cho thng tin v d liu lun trong trng thi sn sng truy cp l yu cu rt
quan trng v cng chnh l vai tr ca cc trung tm d liu .Bn cnh vic s
dng cc phng n sao lu d liu ti ch th phng n chun b mt trung
tm d liu d phng cho trung tm d liu chnh trong cc trng hp trung
tm d liu chnh b cc s c v thin tai, ho hon v.v
Ngy nay, CNTT c nh hng quyt nh n hu ht cc doanh
nghip/t chc ln, v vy, vic dng h thng s gy thit hi rt ln cho doanh
nghip v ti chnh cng nh uy tn ca mnh, cho nn vic xy dng cc gii
php d phng sao cho ton b h thng khng b nh hng nhiu khi c s c
ln nh ng t, thin tai, chy n...l vic lm rt cn thit .
- Mt s gii php d phng cn thit i vi mi i tng s dng CNTT :
HSRP, VRRP, GLBP,
Page 12
CHNG II
HOT NG CA CC GII PHP
D PHNG
Trong thc t cc vn pht sinh khi thit k v ci t s dng cc
mng LAN cng nh cc mng ni b cho cc t chc l vic mt ng
truyn ti d liu, hoc tn hiu mng khng n nh khi ng b v x l d
liu gia cc my trm trong h thng. Nhng li ny thng bt ngun do c
s h tng mng cng nh cc thit k mng cha c ti u ha mt cch
trit .
Hiu c vn , hin nay c rt nhiu cng ngh c pht trin
nhm nng cao tin cy v tnh sn sng phc v ca mng. V d nh cng
ngh Clustering, to server d phng, cng ngh Backup d liu cho ng
truyn vin thng DSL. Cng ngh d phng Router Ni ln trong nhng
phng php d phng cho mng ni b l FHRP (First Hop Redundancy
Protocol).
2.1 FIRST HOP REDUNDANCY PROTOCOL
FHRP l mt b giao thc o s dng virtual router nh mt bin php tnh th
nhm trnh tnh trng mt gi, tr gi (delay) hoc tnh trng ch v thi hn
(infinity pending) cc h thng mng ni b.
FHRP bao gm cc giao thc c th :
- Proxy ARP
- Static Default Gateway
- HSRP (Hot standby Router Protocol)
- VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
- GLBP (Global Load Balancing Protocol)
Page 13
2.1.1. Proxy ARP
Hinh 2.1 Minh ha cho nh ngha Proxy ARP

Proxy Arp cho php cc host m n khng c tnh nng nh tuyn c
th ly c a ch Mac address ca gateway c th chuyn gi tin ra khi
local subnet.
V hnh 2.1 trn proxy ARProuter nhn c mt gi tin ARP yu cu t
mt host cho mt a ch IP. a ch IP ny khng cng mt phn khc vi host
gi gi tin yu cu. Router s gi v mt gi tin ARP vi a ch MAC ca
router v IP l a ch m my cn i n. Nh vy host s gi ton b tt c cc
gi n a ch IP c phn gii thnh a ch Mac ca router. Sau
router li lm tip cng vic y gi tin ny i n a ch IP cn n. a ch
Mac i din c thi gian nht nh. Sau khi kt thc th my ch s yu cu a
ch ca mt router khc v n khng th gi d liu trong sut khong thi gian
ny.
2.1.2 Static Default Gateway
Hinh 2.2 Minh ha cho static default gateway
Page 14
mt my tnh trong mng i n c cc ng mng khc th ta cn phi

cu hnh default gateway.
V d trong hnh 2.2 ta thy default gateway hng n router A ri
chuyn gi tin n sever A vi router B cu hnh sn. Router A nh tuyn
cc gi n nhn c n subnet A. router B nh tuyn n subnet B . Nu
router A c hng hc th ch nhtuyn t ng s quyt nh router B
thay cho router A chuyn cc gi tin thay th.
Nhng PC th khng th nhn bit c thng tin nh tuyn ny c.
cc PC ta thng ch cu hnh duy nht mt default gateway IP v a ch IP ny
s khng thay i khi m hnh mng ca ta thay i. vy l PC khng th gi
cc d liu i n cc host thuc cc ng mng khc trong m hnh mng.
Nu mt router no d phng v hot ng ging nh default gateway
cho phn khc th ta khng cn phi cu hnh li a ch IP default gateway
cho cc PC.
Tuy nhin Proxy ARP v Static Default gateway bc l kh nhiu
nhc im nh:
- Tc tng i chm do
ph thuc vo ARP cache (i vi
Proxy ARP)
- Khng linh hot trong x
l tnh hung (i vi Static
Default Gateway)
- Khng c phng n x l
th cp do giao thc l n tuyn
(i vi Static Default Gateway)
Do , tin cy cng nh
Hinh 2.3 M phng trng hp gp s
kh nng ng bin linh hot
c i vi Static Default gateway v
ca 2 giao thc trn khng
Proxy ARP.
thc s ph hp vi yu cu
ca thc t. iu bc l s hn ch khi s dng cc router thc dn n
vic pht trin cc giao thc khc s dng router o (virtual router). Nhm
cc giao thc ny c gp chung li l Router Redundancy Protocols
2.2 ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROTOCOLS
Page 15
Vi giao thc router redundancy khi mt hay nhiu router s dng giao
thc ny quyt nh router no s c trch nhim x l thng tin c gi
n a ch IP o v a ch Mac o. Cc my trm s gi d liu n router o.
Hinh 2.4 Minh ha cho nh ngha Router Redundancy

router tht s chuyn d liu ny i tip.Giao thc redundacy ny cung cp cho
ta mt c ch quyt nh router no s vai tr active trong vic chuyn d
liu v router no s vai tr standby.
Hinh 2.5 M t qu trinh chuyn mch (Switch) gia cc router thng

qua virtual router
Page 16
S chuyn tip ca router khng thc hin c v Standby router khng

cn nhn c gi tin t mt s chuyn tip ca router Sau standby router s
quyt nh gi v vai tr ca n lc ny l mt s chuyn tip ca router. Lc
ny qu trnh truyn thng tin ca PC s khng b nh hng g bi v router
ang trng thi chuyn tip nn s dng a ch IP o vo a ch Mac ban
u.
2.2.1 HSRP - Hot Standby Redundancy Protocol
Giao thc Hot Standby Redundancy Protocol (HSRP) l mt giao thc
c quyn ca Cisco c gii thiu vo nm 1994. HSRP l mt giao thc
mang tnh cht d phng cho mt h thng mng. Giao thc HSRP trong mt h
thng mng cn t nht hai router, mt router chnh gi l Active Router v mt
router d phng gi l Standby Router. Khi s dng HSRP, cc router s cng
hot ng trong mt nhm (group/standby group) cng qun l mt Virtual
Router (Router o). Virtual Router ny c mt a ch MAC v IP o c
qun l bi Active v Standby Router v khi cc my host bn trong mng s
dng a ch IP ca Virtual Router lm Default Gateway.
Mt vi c im ch cht ca HSRP l:
a ch IP l o v a ch MAC cng o trn router master.

Cc router d phng s lng nghe cc gi hello t router ang active, mc
nh mi 3 giy v 10 giy cho khong thi gian dead.
u tin cao nht (mc nh l 100, trong tm t 1-255) s xc nh

router, vi c ch pre-emption b tt.
H tr tnh nng tracking, trong u tin ca mt router s b gim

khi mt interface ang b theo di b hng hc.
C th c ti a 255 nhm
HSRP trn mi interface,
cho php mt hnh thc cn
bng ti.
a ch MAC o c dng
0000.0C07.Acxx trong
xx l ch s ca nhm
HSRP.
a ch ca IP o phi trong
cng gi tr subnet ca
cng ca router trong LAN.
a ch ca IP o phi khc vi bt k mt a ch tht no ca cc cng

tham gia vo HSRP.
Hinh 2.6 Hinh minh ha cho HSRP
Page 17
HSRP l mt giao thc c quyn ca Cisco. VRRP l mt giao thc thc

hn cng mt chc nng.
a ch IP o phi trong cng gi tr subnet ca cng router trong LAN

nhng phi khc vi a ch tht ca bt k cc cng tham gia HSRP
Cu hnh 3-Layer Redundancy vi giao thc HSRP
HSRP to ra mt nhm standby . Mi router c mt vai tr xc nh bn

trong nhm standby ny. HSRP s cung cp mt cch d phng gateway cho
trm bng cch chia s chung mt IP v a ch Mac gia cc gateway cn li.
Giao thc ny s truyn thng tin v IP o v Mac o gia hai router nm trong
cng mt nhm HSRP
Mt nhm HSRP bao gm cc thng tin sau: Active router, Standby
router, virtual router vother router
2.2.1. 1. Qu trnh hot ng ca HSRP
Hinh 2.7 Qu trinh hot ng ca 1 mng HSRP

Tt c router trong mt nhm HSRP c mt vai tr c th v tng tc
vi nhau theo mt phng php xc nh:
- Virtual Router: l mt cp a ch IP v a ch Mc m tt c cc thit b u
cui dng n lm IP default gateway. Active router x l tt c packet v tt c
cc thng tin c gi ti ach ca virtual router .
- Active Router: trong nhm HSRP mt router s c chn lm active router.
Active router thc t l thit bchuyn tip d liu v n cng l thit b gi a
ch Mac o n cc thit b u cui
- a ch IP v a ch Mac tng ng ca virtual router c duy tr trong bng
ARP ca mi router thuc nhm HSRP. kim tra bng ARP ta dng lnh
show ip arp.
Page 18
Hinh 2.8 Header ca mt gi d liu truyn trong h thng HSRP

Nhm HSRP c th cha mt s router khc nhng vai tr ca n khng
phi active hay standby. Nhng router dng ny lu gi li nhng thng tin ban
u c gi bi active v standby router chc chn rng active v standby
router ang tn ti trong nhm HSRP. Router ny ch chuyn tip nhng d liu
n chnh a ch IP ca n nhng khng chuyn tip d liu c t a ch
n virtual router. Nhng router dng ny s c thng tin trao i ti mi thi
gian gia hai gi tin.
Khi active router b hng, th nhng router khc thuc cng nhm HSRP s
khng cn nhn c thng tin t active router. V standby router sau s
c gi nh l Active router. V nu nh c router khc bn trong nhm
HSRP th n s c a ln lm standby router. Nu nh c hai active v
standby router bhng th tt c router trong nhm u lm active v standby
router.
Hinh 2.9 Qu trinh chuyn mch d liu ca HSRP khi xy ra s c

Nh hnh 2.8, activer router phi s dng IP o v Mac o ca virtual router
cc thit b u cui nhn thy tnh trng h hng ca cc dch v. Cc thit b
Page 19
u cui tip tc gi d liu n a ch Mac ca virtual router. activer router s

lm phn phi gi tin.
2.2.1.2. Cc trng thi trong giao thc HSRP
Mt router trong HSRP group c mt s trng thi hot ng nh sau: initial,
learn, listen, speak, standby hoc l active
Hinh 2.10 Cc trng thi ca HSRP

Khi mt router ang trong mt s nhng trng thi trn th n s thc hin
mt s hnh ng nht nh. Khng phi tt c HSRP router trong nhm s
chuyn i sang tt c cc trng thi. V d nh ta c 3 router trong group, mt
trong ba con router thuc group khng ng vai tr l standby hay active th con
router ny vn duy tr trng thi Listen.
Tt c cc router u bt u trng thi Initial, iu ny hin th rng HSRP
ang khng hot ng. Sau n s chuyn sang trng thi learn, trng thi
ny router s mong ch thy c d liu HSRP v t nhng d liu ny n
quyt nh xem virtual IP l g ? v xc nh active router trongnhm HSRP
Khi mt interface thy d liu HSRP v quyt nh xem virtual IP l g th n
tip tc chuyn sang trng thi listen. Mc ch ca trng thi listen l xc
nh xem c Active hay Standby router cho HSRP group. Nu nh c active
hay standby router ri th n vn gi nguyn trng thi. Tuy nhin nu gi tin
khng c thy t bt k router no, interface chuyn sang trng thi Speak.
Trng trng thi Speak, cc router ch ng tham d vo qu trnh chn la ra
active router, standby router bng cch nhn vo gi tin xc nh vai tr ca
mnh.
Page 20
Hinh 2.11 M t qu trinh trng thi ca HSRP standby Group 1

trong trng thi Standby, bi v router lc ny nh l mt ng vin tr
thnh Active Router k tip. N nh k gi ra cc gi tin. N cng listen cc
thng tin t active router. Trong mt mng HSRP th ch c duy nht mt
standby router.
Hinh 2.12 Qu trinh truyn d liu trong HSRP, d liu lun c u tin
cho router Listen
Trong Active State, router c nhim v chuyn tip gi tin. N gi a ch Mac
o ca nhm. N cng c nhim v hi p cc gi tin ARP yu cu hng n
IP o. Trong mt HSRP group ch c duy nht mt Active Router.
Page 21
Hinh 2.13 M phng trng thi active ca router

2.2.2. VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) l mt giao thc d tha
router o,gip tng tnh nng sn sng v tin cy ca mng;kt hp cc
router thnh router o vi IP l default gateway cho cc Host trong mng LAN.
cu hnh thnh router o th cn 2 hoc nhiu router nhng ch c 1 router
lm chc nng nh tuyn.Nu router ny b li th ngay lp tc s c router
khc t ng thay th v tr ny.Router active c gi l Master router v cc
router cn li lun trong trng thi backup.Master router c u tin cao nht
trong VRRP.
Cc c im chnh:
- VRRP khng h tr tnh nng theo di cng ca router.
- Mc nh dng c ch pre-empt
VRRP ra i gii quyt kh khn khi Client s dng giao thc tm
kim ng v cu hnh tnh.Cc router c xem l mt nhm d phng, chia s
nhim v chuyn tip cc gi tin nu chng c a ch default gateway l a
ch ip d phng. Ch c mt router VRRP hot ng vi vai tr Master router,
cn li cc router khc hot ng vi vai tr d phng v ch c master router
o moiwsguiwr cc thng ip VRRP nh k. Router o khng bao gi dnh
quyn master. Nu master router b li th router no c quyn u tin cao nht
Page 22
s c chuyn thnh master trong thi gian ngn gip lm chm dch v mt
cch t nht, VRRP c h tr trn Ethernet, fast Ethernet, VLANs,
VPN..
Truyn cc gi tin VRRP
Khi truyn cc gi tin VRRP cn thc hin :
in vo cc trng hp trong gi tin VRRP vi trng thi cu hnh router o
thch hp
-Tnh ton checksum
-Thit lp a ch MAC ngun thnh a ch MAC ca router o
-Thit lp a ch IP ngun thnh a ch IP gc trn interface
-Thit lp giao thc IP
-Gi gi tin VRRP n nhm multicast VRRP IP
Hinh 2.14 M hinh VRRP chia s ti

2.2.3. GLBP v cch thc hot ng
GLBP (Gateway Loab Balancing Protocol) l mt giao thc mi hn
ca cisco cung cp tnh nng cn bng ti v kh nng d phng.GLBP cung
cp cn bng ti trn nhiu router s dng mt IP o v nhiu MAC o. cung
cp tnh nng d phng cho mt nhm cc user no ,ta s dng nhiu router
m bo tin cy.Ta cng c th t quyn ring t cho mt nhm no .
Cng ging nh HSRP, khi cc router c cu hnh vo mt group
GLBP th s bu ra mt Active Router v Standby Router. GLBP Active
Router c gi l Active Virtual Gateway (AVG), v Standby Router c gi
Page 23
l Active Virtual Forwarder (AVF). Cc router trong mt nhm GLBP cn c

tn gi khc l gateway. bu chn ra AVG cho nhm cc router s da
trn ch s priority ca tng router (router c ch s priority cao nht s c
bu). Nu tt c cc ch s priority u bng nhau th AVG s c chn bng
cch chn ra Active Router da vo a ch IP tht ca router no cao nht, cc
router cn li s lm AVF.
i vi HSRP, cc gi tin ch c truyn ti thng qua Active Router, v
Standby Router ch c nhim v ch thay th Active Router. Cn GLBP th
khc, tt c cc router c cu hnh GLBP u c kh nng truyn ti cc gi
tin, Active Router hay AVG ch c nhim v tr li cc gi ARP Request
(Address Resolution Protocol Request) t cc my client v cp a ch MAC o
cho cc router khc trong nhm, router c AVG cp a ch MAC o th c
gi l Active Virtual Forwarder (AVF).
Hinh 2.15 Hinh m t chi tit lin kt dng GLBP

GLBP t chc d phng cho cc Virtual gateway ca mnh ging nh
cch lm ca HSRP. Mt gateway s c bu lm AVG, cc gateway khc s
c bu lm Standby virtual gateway, cc router cn li s c t trng
thi lng nghe (listen) v cc router lng nghe ny c gi l Standby Virtual
Forwarder (SVF) s c nhim v lng nghe v thay th cc AVF khi gp s c.
2.3. KT TP LINK (ETHERCHANNEL)
2.3.1. Ether Channel
Page 24
Cng ngh EtherChannel ca Cisco cho php kt hp cc kt ni Ethernet

thnh mt b (bundle) tng bng thng. Mi bundle bao gm t hai n tm
kt ni Fast Ethernet hay Gigabit EtherNet to thnh FastEther channel hoc
Gigabit EtherChannel. Kt ni ny cung cp bng thng ln n 1600Mbps
hoc 16 Gbps.Cng ngh ny l mt cch n gin nng cp kt ni gia cc
switch. Bnh thng , nu c nhiu kt ni gia cc switch s d b lp frame.
EtherChannel s xem c bundle nh mt kt ni n duy nht trnh tnh
hung ny. EtherChannel link c xem nh mt kt ni n duy nht nhng
n khng nht thit phi c bng thng bng tng ca cc kt ni thnh phn.
Nu mt link trong mt bundle no u tin hn th ti khng phi lun lun
phn phi u gia cc thnh phn.
2.3.2. Cch thc hot ng ca EtherChannel:
C th cu hnh cc port EtherChannel hot ng vi nhng ch l:
PAgP(Port Aggregation Protocol )
LACP(Link Aggregation Control Protocol)
On
Cu hnh c 2 port u cui ca EtherChannel hot ng cng mt ch :
+ Khi cu hnh 1 port u cui ca EtherChannel hot ng c hai ch :
PAgP , LACP ,h thng s t ng iu chnh vi port u cui cn li
xc nh ch no c hot ng.Khi qu trnh t ng iu chnh khng
thnh cng th nhng port s hot ng vi trng thi independent v vn
c th truyn d liu nh nhng port khc, nhng port s khng th hot
ng trong EtherChannel.
+ Khi cu hnh mt EtherChannel ch On , th s khng c qu trnh t
iu chnh ch hot ng trn cc port ca switch. Khi tt c cc
nhng port ca switch s c kch hot v hot ng trong EtherChannel.
Port Aggregation Protocol:
Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) l mt giao thc c quyn ca cisco
v vy ch c th chy duy nht trn cc thit b Switch ca cisco v nhng
switch ca cc hng khc c th h tr giao thc PAgP. PAgP c kh nng t
ng to cc EtherChannel bng cch trao i cc gi tin PAgP gia cc
Ethernet ports.
PAgP s hot ng ch yu 2 ch :
Page 25
+ Auto: khi PAgP hot ng ch auto th port ny s trng thi passive

negotiating, v port ny s chu trch nhim tr li cc gi tin PAgP m n
nhn c nhng n s khng khi to mt gi tin PAgP t ng iu
chnh. Vi ch ny th s ti u c qu trnh truyn cc gi tin PAgP.
+ Desirable: Khi PAgp hot ng ch Desirable th port ny s trng
thi active negotiating, v port ny s ch ng iu chnh m phn vi cc
port khc bng cch gi i cc gi PAgP.
Cc port ca Switch trao i cc gi tin PAgP duy nht vi cc port khc
c cu hnh ch auto hoc desirable. Cc port cu hnh ch On th
s khng trao i cc gi tin PAgP.
Khi mt port ca switch hot ng ch Auto hoc Desirable th port
ny s t ng iu chnh vi nhng port khc cng EtherChannel v tc ,
trng thi ng trunking v cc thng s Vlan.
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
Giao thc LACP c nh ngha v cng b bi t chc IEEE vi
chun IEEE 802.3ad v cho php cc switch ca cisco c th qun l cc
Ethernet Channels. Giao thc LACP c kh nng t ng to cc Ether
-Channel bng cch trao i cc gi tin LACP gia cc Ethernet port.
Hinh 2.16 S ca mt h thng d phng s dng HSRP v

EtherChannel
Page 26
CHNG III
TRIN KHAI H THNG D PHNG
3.1 XAY DNG H THNG
3.1.1 .Yu cu k thut.
Yu cu phn mm: Phn mm Packet Tracer 6.0.1 hoc cc phin bn
sau. Phin bn dng cho Window
Yu cu phn cng: Laptop hoc PC mnh
3.1.2. Phng n thit k
H thng ngh xy dng l mt m phng cho 2 mng d liu k ton
v k thut ca 1 cng ty. 2 mng d liu ny c m phng bng 2 VLANs.
M hnh di y s m phng h thng ngh xy dng:
c im ca h thng ngh xy dng:
- Cu trc mng 3 lp: core distributor access
- Cc giao thc dng trong truyn tin l :HSRP v PAgP EtherChannel.
- S lng cc mng ni b o VLAN: 2, vi VLAN 10 cho k ton v
VLAN 20 cho K thut
3.2 THIT K H THNG TRN PHN MM O CISCO PACKET
TRACER
Bc 1: thit lp cc my ch o.
SWITCH 2950
SW-2950(config)#vlan 10
SW-2950(config-vlan)#name PC1-VLAN10
SW-2950(config-vlan)#exit
SW-2950(config)#vlan 20
Page 27
SW-2950(config-vlan)#exit
SW-2950(config)#int range fa0/9 16
SW-2950(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
SW-2950(config-if-range)#exit
SW-2950(config)#int range fa0/17 24
SW-2950(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
SW-2950(config-if-range)#exit
SW-3650-01
SW-3650-01(config)#vlan 10
SW-3650-01(config-vlan)#name name PC1-VLAN10
SW-3650-01(config-vlan)#name name PC2-VLAN20
SW-3650-01(config-vlan)#exit
SW-3650-01(config-vlan)#name PC1-VLAN20
SW-3650-01(config-vlan)#name PC2-VLAN20
SW-3650-02
SW-3650-02(config-vlan)#name PC10
SW-3650-02(config-vlan)#name PC20
SW-3650-02(config-vlan)#end
Page 28
Bc 2: Thit lp EtherChannel.
SWITCH 2950 (to Etherchannel nhm 1 v 2)
SW-2950(config)#int port-channel 1
SW-2950(config-if)#description CHANNEL-GROUP-1
SW-2950(config-if)#exit
SW-2950(config)#int port-channel 2
SW-2950(config-if)#description CHANNEL-GROUP-2
SW-2950(config-if)#exit
SW-2950(config)#int fa0/1
SW-2950(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode passive
SW-3650-01 (to Etherchannel nhm 1)
SW-3650-01(config)#int port-channel 1
SW-3650-01(config-if)#description GROUP-CHANNEL-1
SW-3650-01(config-if)#exit
SW-3650-01(config)#int fa0/1
SW-3650-01(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode active
Page 29
SW-3650-02 (to Etherchannel nhm 2)
SW-3650-02(config)#int port-channel 2
SW-3650-02(config-if)#description CHANNEL-GROUP-2
SW-2950#sh int p1 etherchannel
Port-channel1 (Primary aggregator)
Number of ports = 2
Protocol = LACP
SW-2950#sh int p2 etherchannel
Port-channel2 (Primary aggregator)
Number of ports = 2
Protocol = LACP
SW-2950#sh int p1
SW-2950#sh int p2
Bc 3: Thit lp HSRP
Page 30
TO CNG ACTIVE TRNSWITCH D CHO VLAN 20

SW-3650-02(config)#int vlan 20
SW-3650-02(config-if)#ip address 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0
SW-3650-02(config-if)#standby 20 ip 172.16.20.1
SW-3650-02(config-if)#standby 20 priority 110
SW-3650-02(config-if)#standby 20 preempt
SW-3650-02(config-if)#standby 20 auth cisco
TO CNG STANDBY TRNSWITCH D CHO VLAN 10
TO CNG ACTIVE TRNSWITCH C CHO VLAN 10
TO CNG STANDBY TRNSWITCH C CHO VLAN 20
Page 31
Bc 4: Thit lp routing
SW-3650-01(config)#router ospf 1
SW-3650-01(config-router)#network 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.0 area 0
SW-3650-01(config-router)#end
SW-3650-02(config)#router ospf 1
SW-3650-02(config-router)#end
3.3 Kt qu:
Page 32
Hinh 3.1 - Kt qu th nghim thit k ngh trn Cisco Packet Tracer.
Hinh 3.2 Kt qu khi h thng t ng trin khai HSRP.

Page 33
Hinh 3.3 Kt qu khi h thng t ng trin khai Etherchannel.
Hinh 3.4 H thng trin khai t ng kt ni EtherChannel khi mt i mt

kt ni vi Switch lp Core.
Page 34
Hinh 3.5 H thng t ng kt ni HSRP khi mt i kt ni vi Switch lp

Distributor.
Trong qa trnh thit lp h thng, m bo h thng thc hin c

thng sut v cc mng Vlan c th truyn ti c thng tin cho nhau, ta cn
thc hin kim tra ng truyn gia cc IP tnh c t trc cho cc my
Client Vlan. Qu trnh ny c thc hin bng cch PING d liu gia cc
my client VLAN.
Page 35
Hinh 3.6 - Ping vlan 172.16.10.1 t vlan 172.16.10.4
Hinh 3.7 - Ping vlan 172.16.20.5 t vlan 172.16.10.4
Page 36
Hinh 3.8 - Ping 172.16.10.4 t vlan 172.16.20.4
Hinh 3.9 Ping 172.16.10.5 t vlan 172.16.20.4

Sau khi m bo cho cc Vlan lp Access c th truy nhp d dng, cng nh
m bo c hiu qu v n nh ca h thng khi trng thi tnh. Ta tip
tc kim tra cc lp cao hn l lp core. Xc nh trng thi ban u ca cc
Page 37
switch v router lp core l bc quan trng m bo vic thc hin giao

thc HSRP khng c sai st, cng nh m bo d phng cao ca h thng.
Trong hnh 3.10, cc trng thi ca cc switch lp core c hin th r rng.
Vi Vlan 10 c chuyn v trng thi Active, v vlan 20 c chuyn trng
thi standby i vi Multi switch 1
Hinh 3.10 - Trng thi ca cc Vlan i vi Multi Switch 1

Tng t, hnh 3.11 c miu t trng thi ca cc Vlan vi Multi Switch 2.
Hinh 3.11 - Trng thi ca cc Vlan i vi Multi Switch 1.
Page 38
Trong hnh 3.12, trng thi v c im ca EtherChannel gia cc switch lp

distributors.
Hinh 3.12 - Etherchannel PaGP cho switch 1 va 2.

m bo cho tnh thc tin ca h thng mng d phng s dng HSRP,
trong trng hp tt mt trong 2 Multi-Switch ca lp core. S dng lnh
Shutdown p dng cho cc cng c ch nh cho HSRP. Ta c lp MultiSwitch 1 ra khi h thng nh trong hnh 3.13.
Hinh 3.13 - C lp h thng vi Multi-switch 1.
Page 39
V kt qu thu c l h thng vn m bo ng truyn r rng.
Hinh 3.14 - Ping li h thng m bo h thng thng sut.

Vi trng hp c lp Multi Switch , h thng vn hot ng bnh thng . Khi
Ping cc d liu vn c m bo bnh thng .
Page 40
CHNG IV
KT LUN
Qua nghin cu v trin khai h thng HSRP PAgP EtherChannel trn
phn mm CISCO PACKET TRACER, chng em hiu c v vic thc
hin cc phng php d phng mng v nhng yu cu cn thit thit lp v
duy tr mt h thng mng tin cy. Bng cch tm hiu cc ti liu lin quan,
tham kho kin cc chuyn gia v thc hnh, em nm vng c cc kin
thc c s v th nghim c cc phng php php d phng mng mt h
thng. Hiu c cng ngh th gii s dng phng chng cc him ha an
ninh mng hin nay, chng em ci t v cu hnh c mt phng n d
phng cho mt mng m hnh nh. Qua chng em c th hiu c nguyn
l hot ng chung c th cu hnh cc h thng tng t khc. V chng em
cng c th xc nh c nhng kh khn v hng gii quyt khi trin khai
h thng d phng sn sng cao trn mt h thng mng thc t.
Page 41
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_2/interface/command/refere
nce/finter_r/irfinter.html
2. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3550/software/
release/12-1_12c_ea1/configuration/guide/3550scg/swhsrp.html
3. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3550/software/
release/12-1_12c_ea1/configuration/guide/3550scg/swethchl.html
Page 42

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XY DNG H THNG MNG C D PHNG

Quang Minh Vng Linh Lan

Trong nn kinh t ton cu hin nay, hu ht mi hot ng kinh doanh

Quang Minh Vng Linh Lan

CHNG I - TNG QUAN V D PHNG MNG

1.1 Thit k mng LAN

1.1.1. Cc cu trc lin kt ca mng LAN

1.1.1.1. Cc Cu trc lin kt c bn

1.1.1.2. Cc cu trc lin kt dng kt hp

CHNG II - HOT NG CA CC GII PHP D PHNG MNG 13

2.1.1. Proxy ARP

2.1.2 Static Default Gateway

2.2 Router Redundancy Protocols

2.2.1. 1. Qu trnh hot ng ca HSRP

2.2.1.2. Cc trng thi trong giao thc HSRP

2.2.2. VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)

2.2.3. GLBP v cch thc hot ng

2.3. Kt tp link(ether channel)

2.3.1. Ether Channel

2.3.2. Cch thc hot ng ca EtherChannel

CHNG III. TRIN KHAI H THNG D PHNG

3.1. Xy dng h thng

3.1.2. Phng n thit k

3.2. Thit k h thng o trn Cisco Packet Tracer

CHNG IV. KT LUN

DANH SCH PHN CNG N

Quang Minh Vng Linh Lan

Hnh 1.2 - Cc dng cu trc lin kt mng LAN

Hnh 1.3 M hnh mng 3 lp : core distribution access

Hnh 2.1 Minh ha cho nh ngha Proxy ARP

Hnh 2.2 Minh ha cho static default gateway

Hnh 2.3 M phng trng hp gp s c i vi Static Default gateway v

Hnh 2.4 Minh ha cho nh ngha Router Redundancy

Hnh 2.6 Hnh minh ha cho HSRP

Hnh 2.7 Qu trnh hot ng ca 1 mng HSRP

Hnh 2.8 Header ca mt gi d liu truyn trong h thng HSRP

Hnh 2.9 Qu trnh chuyn mch d liu ca HSRP khi xy ra s c

Hnh 2.10 Cc trng thi ca HSRP

Hnh 1.11 M t qu trnh trng thi ca HSRP standby Group 1

Hnh 2.13 M phng trng thi active ca router

Hnh 2.14 M hnh VRRP chia s ti

Hnh 2.15 Hnh m t chi tit lin kt dng GLBP

Hnh 2.16 S cu mt h thng d phng s dng HSRP v EtherChannel.26

Hnh 3.2 Kt qu khi h thng t ng trin khai HSRP

Quang Minh Vng Linh Lan

Hnh 3.3 Kt qu khi h thng t ng trin khai Etherchannel.

Hnh 3.4 H thng trin khai t ng kt ni EtherChannel khi mt i mt kt

Hnh 3.5 H thng t ng kt ni HSRP khi mt i kt ni vi Switch lp

Hnh 3.6 - Ping vlan 172.16.10.1 t vlan 172.16.10.4

Hnh 3.7 - Ping vlan 172.16.20.5 t vlan 172.16.10.4

Hnh 3.8 - Ping 172.16.10.4 t vlan 172.16.20.4

Hnh 3.9 Ping 172.16.10.5 t vlan 172.16.20.4

Hnh 3.10 - Trng thi ca cc Vlan i vi Multi Switch 1

Hnh 3.11 - Trng thi ca cc Vlan i vi Multi Switch 1.

Hnh 3.12 - Etherchannel PaGP cho switch 1 va 2.

Hnh 3.13 - C lp h thng vi Multi-switch 1.

Hnh 3.14 - Ping li h thng m bo h thng thng sut.

Quang Minh Vng Linh Lan

Ngha ting Anh

Ngha ting Vit

Local Area Network

Hot standby router/

Virtual router redanduncy