Tp ch Khoa hc - Cng ngh Thy sn - s 04/2008

VN NGHIN CU

NH HNG CA DEACETYL CA CHITOSAN N KH NNG BO

QUN NA (Annona squamosa L.)
STORAGE OF SUGAR-APPLES (Annona squamosa L.) USING CHITOSAN AS AFFECTED BY
DEGREE OF DEACETYLATION

Nguyn Th Hng Phng 1,*, Trang S Trung 2, Willem F. Stevens3

1

Trng i hc Tin Giang

Trng i hc Nha Trang
3
i hc Mahidol, Thi Lan

Tm tt
Na c thu hoch v bo qun ngay khi chng t n chn thu hoch. Na c x l bng
dung dch chitosan 1% vi deacetyl khc nhau (75, 86 v 94 %) v kh t nhin. Sau , mi
qu c bao mng PE c dy 0.04mm v bo qun 100C. Cc kt qu cho thy dung dch
chitosan 1% vi deacetyl 75 % cho php duy tr cht lng v kim sot cng h hp, tc
chn ca qu tt hn cc dung dch chitosan deacetyl cao hn. Gi tr cm quan v dinh
dng ca na vn c duy tr trong thi gian bo qun 12 ngy 100C.
T kha: chitosan, deacetyl ha, na, Annona squamosa, bo qun.
Abstract
Sugar apple fruits were harvested and stored immediately when they reached harvesting
maturity. Sugar apples were dipped in 1% chitosan with different degree of deacetylation (75%, 86%
and 94%) and were then air-dried. Each fruit was packed with PE film with 0.04mm thickness and
stored at 100C. The results revealed that coating sugar apples with 1% chitosan with 75% degree of
deacetylation could better maintain the quality of the fruit and control the respiration rate and
ripening of sugar apple fruit than coating with 1% chitosan with 86% and 94% degree of
deacetylation. Sensory and nutrient quality of sugar apple fruits could be maintained through a
storage period of 12 days at 100C.
I. T VN
Theo s liu ca B Nng nghip v Pht

khu ln. Tuy nhin, s thay i cht lng xy

ra rt nhanh trong qu ny sau thu hi 2 3

trin nng thn trong nm 2000 sn lng rau

qu ca Vit Nam t gn 10 triu tn. Trong

ngy [3]. Do , m rng th trng tiu th

na th vic ko di thi gian bo qun v hn

, rau qu ch bin c khong 6%, xut

ch cc bin i bn ngoi v bn trong ca na

khu 1,3% tng sn lng hng nm [1], [2].

Nhng con s thng k trn ni ln s khng

l rt quan trng.
Chitosan l mt polymer sinh hc c

tng xng gia sn xut v xut khu cng

nh s hn ch trong cng ngh bo qun, ch

ng dng nhiu trong bo qun tri cy sau thu

hoch [4;5] nh tnh cht to mng bo v qu,

bin rau qu ca nc ta.

Na (Annona squamosa L.) l mt trong

chng mt nc, lm gim qu trnh h hp ca

qu. Tuy nhin, tnh cht ca chitosan ph

nhng h tri cy ph bin Vit Nam. Na

thuc rt ln vo deacetyl ha [6]. V vy,

c xp vo loi tri cy c tim nng xut

mc ch ca ti ny l nghin cu kh nng

17

Tp ch Khoa hc - Cng ngh Thy sn - s 04/2008

bo qun na nhm ko di thi gian bo qun

- S liu bo co l trung bnh ca 3 ln

v duy tr cht lng bi chitosan c

deacetyl khc nhau.
II. I TNG, VT LIU V PHNG

phn tch. Kt qu c phn tch thng k

bng phn mn Excel, s dng ANOVA. Gi tr

PHP NGHIN CU
2.1. i tng v vt liu

thng k.
III. KT QU V THO LUN

- Chitosan dng trong nghin cu c

tch chit t v tm s (Penaeus monodon)

3.1. S thay i cng mu (CM) v

na trong thi gian bo qun bng chitosan

c sn xut ti trng i hc Nha Trang vi

deacetyl ha: 75%, 86% v 94%, hm lng

c deacetyl khc nhau

protein v tro < 1%, m 10%.

bi gi tr L v Hue v qu. Kt qu cho thy

- Mng bao PE loi Fresh wrap do Thi

Lan sn xut, c chiu dy 0.04mm c tnh n

theo thi gian bo qun th gi tr L gim tt

c cc mu, c ngha l sng trn v gim

hi cao.
- Qu na dng trong nghin cu thuc

dn do qu trnh bin nu. Tuy nhin, cc mu

qu c x l chitosan th c gi tr L cao hn r

ging na dai c trng ti trang tri cy n qu

huyn Ha Thnh, tnh Ty Ninh.
2.2. Phng php nghin cu

rt so vi mu i chng (C). Ngoi ra, x l

na bng dung dch chitosan 75% deacetyl

- Na c thu hi trn cng trn cng mt

vn, trong cng mt ging vi cng thi im

chitosan 86 v 94% DD (Hnh 1). S thay i

CM cn th hin qua Hue ca v qu v

v cc iu kin chm sc nh nhau. Chn

nhng qu t chn thu hi. Loi b cc qu

kt qu c trnh by Hnh 2. Tng t,

Hue v qu gim theo thi gian bo qun, tuy

dp nt, c vt nt, vt thm en hoc nhiu

rp sp. Na c ct ngn cung, ra sch

nhin, na c x l bng dung dch chitosan

75% DD c Hue cao hn cc qu c x l

bng nc my, kh trong khng kh, sau

bng dung dch chitosan c DD cao. C c gi

c x l bng dung dch chitosan 1% vi

deacetyl ha khc nhau (75%DD, 86%DD,

tr Hue thp hn v tc gim nhanh hn

so vi na cc mu bao chitosan. Khi xt ti

94%DD). kh t nhin v tip theo mi qu

s c bao mng bao PE. Mu i chng

nh hng ca deacetyl ca chitosan, kt

qu cho thy na c bo qun bng chitosan

(C) khng x l qua dung dch chitosan m ch

bao mng PE. Mi ch x l lp li 3 ln, mi

vi DD 75% c tc gim gi tr Hue chm,

b mt qu sng bng hn so na x l bng hai

ln 20 25 qu.

loi chitosan cn li. Hue loi DD 94%

- Phn tch cc ch tiu ha sinh bng cc

phng php ca AOAC. S thay i cng

gim nhanh v nhiu hn. iu ny hon ton

hp l v theo Trung v cng s th loi chitosan

mu ca v c o bng my o mu
Minolta Chroma Meter CR-400. Xc nh t l

c deacetyl cng thp th mng chitosan c

kh nng ht m cng cao do rn phn t

hao ht khi lng ca na trong qu trnh bo

(crystallinity) thp [7]. Ngoi ra, mu sc ca na

qun so vi khi lng ban u dng phng

php cn. Cng h hp c o bng my

bo qun bng mng chitosan sng bng hn

do mng chitosan hn ch qu trnh oxy ha v

chuyn dng.

qu.

18

ca p < 0,05 c xem l c ngha v mt

S thay i CM v qu c c trng

ha (DD) th v qu c gi tr L cao hn loi

Tp ch Khoa hc - Cng ngh Thy sn - s 04/2008

60

110

55

75% DD
45

86% DD

40

C
Hu e

G i tr L

100

50

94% DD

75% DD

90

86% DD
80

94% DD

35
30

70

12

Thi gian bo qun (ngy)

12

Thi gian bo qun (ngy)

Hnh 1. S thay i gi tr L ca v qu trong

thi gian bo qun khi bo qun bng chitosan
c deacetyl khac nhau

Hnh 2. S thay i Hue ca v qu trong

thi gian bo qun khi bo qun bng chitosan
c deacetyl khac nhau

3.2. T l hao ht khi lng (HHKL) ca na

trong qu trnh bo qun bng chitosan c

nhiu so vi mu C. Ngoi ra, na c bo

qun bng chitosan 75% DD c t l HHKL thp

deacetyl khc nhau

Trong qu trnh bo qun, na b gim trng

hn cc mu bo qun bng chitosan 86% DD

v chitosan 94% DD. iu ny chng t

lng do s thot hi nc v do qu trnh h

deacetyl ca chitosan c nh hng n t l

hp ca qu. Kt qu cho thy, t l hao ht

khi lng tt c cc mu u tng ln theo

HHKL ca na do kh nng gi nc ca
chitosan 75% DD cao hn 1,5 ln so vi

thi gian bo qun nhng cc mu bo qun

bng dung dch chitosan c t l HHKL thp hn

chitosan 86% v 94% DD [7].

T l HHKL (%)

5
C

75% DD
3

86% DD

94% DD

1
0
0

12

Thi gian bo qun (ngy)

Hnh 3. T l HHKL ca na trong thi gian

bo qun khi bo qun bng chitosan c
deacetyl khac nhau

Cng h hp (ml O 2/kg/pht)

6
250
200
C
150

75% DD

100

86% DD
94% DD

50
0
0

12

Thi gian bo qun (ngy)

Hnh 4. Cng h hp ca na trong thi

gian bo qun khi bo qun bng chitosan c
deacetyl khac nhau

19

Tp ch Khoa hc - Cng ngh Thy sn - s 04/2008

3.3. Cng h hp (CHH) ca na trong

Kt qu cho thy hm lng ng tng

qu trnh bo qun bng chitosan c

deacetyl khc nhau

s tng ln trong sut qu trnh bo qun i

vi na c bo qun bng chitosan v mu

H hp l qu trnh sinh hc c bn tt yu

i chng. iu ny th hin qu trnh chn tip

xy ra khi qu cn ang trn cy hay c

thu hoch. ko di thi gian bo qun th

sau thu hoch ca na loi qu h hp t bin

(climacteric). S gia tng hm lng ng

nht thit phng php bo qun phi c tc

dng km hm qu trnh h hp ca qu. Kt

tng s l do s chuyn ha tinh bt thnh cc

loi ng ha tan nh sucrose, fructose v

qu thc nghim cho thy na c bo qun

bng chitosan c CHH thp hn so vi mu

glucose. S chuyn ha tinh bt thnh ng

ha tan cng c Vishnu v cng s cng b

i chng (Hnh 4). Tuy nhin, s c ch CHH

(2000) [9]. Tuy nhin, na c x l bng dung

ca na khi s dng 3 loi chitosan c

deacetyl l gn ging nhau. Kt qu ny c th

dch chitosan c hm lng ng tng s

trong sut qu trnh bo qun thp hn so vi

do b mt qu na c sn si cao, c nhiu
khe nn khi nhng vo dung dch chitosan

mu i chng, iu ny th hin vic bao

mng chitosan lm chm qu trnh ca na.

to mng th mng hnh thnh c kn khng

cao v dn n s khc bit v tnh cht thm

Bn cnh , na c bo qun bng chitosan

75% DD c bin thin hm lng ng l nh

kh ca mng chitosan c deacetyl khc

nht, thp hn cc mu bo qun bng chitosan

nhau khng th hin r trong trng hp ny.

3.4. Bin thin hm lng ng tng s

c deacetyl cao (86% v 94%). Kt qu ny

cho thy chitosan 75% DD kim sot qu trnh

(HLTS) v hm lng acid ton phn

chn tt nht.

(HLATP) ca na trong thi gian bo qun

30
25
C
20

75% DD

15

86% DD

10

94% DD

5
0
0

12

Thi gian bo qun (ngy)

Hm lng acid ton phn (%)

Hm lng ng tng s (%)

bng chitosan c deacetyl khc nhau

0.20
0.16
C
0.12

75% DD

0.08

86% DD
94% DD

0.04
0.00
0

12

Thi gian bo qun (ngy)

Hnh 5. Bin thin HLTS ca na trong thi

gian bo qun bng chitosan c deacetyl
khac nhau

Hnh 6. Bin thin HLATP ca na trong thi

gian bo qun bng chitosan c deacetyl
khac nhau

Khi xt ti bin thin ca hm lng acid

gian u ca qu trnh bo qun (6-9 ngy), sau

ton phn ca na trong thi gian bo qun, kt

qu nghin cu ghi nhn s tng ln trong thi

c chiu hng gim xung (Hnh 6). Kt

qu ny ph hp vi kt qu ca Vishnu v

20

Tp ch Khoa hc - Cng ngh Thy sn - s 04/2008

cng s (2000) khi nghin cu nh hng ca

75% DD c th kim sot c qu trnh bin

nhit bo qun n qu trnh chn v cht

lng ca na [9]. S gia tng hm lng acid

thin hm lng acid ton phn tt nht.

trong qu trnh bo qun giai on u th

hn khc vi cc loi qu khc v chua ca
qu nhn chung c xu hng gim xung theo
thi gian bo qun. Tuy nhin, i vi cc loi
qu thuc h mng cu, Yamashita v cng s
ghi nhn tng ln ca hm lng acid ton
phn khi bo qun atemoya - mt loi qu thuc
h mng cu [8]. Na bo qun bng chitosan
c tng hm lng acid ton phn thp hn
mu i chng. Na bo qun bng chitosan

IV. KT LUN
Chitosan vi deacetyl 75% DD c th
s dng bo qun na tt hn chitosan c
deacetyl cao (86%; 94%). Na c x l bng
dung dch chitosan 1% vi mc deacetyl 75%,
kt hp bao gi bng mng film PE c dy
0

0,04mm, bo qun 10 C lm chm qu trnh

chn, gim cng h hp v c th ko di
thi gian bo qun n 12 ngy m vn duy tr
c gi tr cm quan v dinh dng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.

Trn Quang Bnh, L Don Lin, Bi Kim Khanh, 1995. Nghin cu s dng chitosan bo
qun cam Vit Nam. Tp ch Nng Nghip, Cng nghip thc phm, s 6, 220-221.

2. Trn Bng Dip, Nguyn Duy Lm, Trn Minh Qunh, 2000. Nghin cu nh hng ca chitosan
ti mt s vi sinh vt gy thi qu trong bo qun sau thu hoch. Tp ch KHKT Rau Hoa Qu, 2,
23-27.

3. Benassi, G., Correa, G.A.S.F., Kluge, R.A., Jacomino, A.P., 2003. Shelf life of custard apple
treated with 1-Methylciclopropene an antagonist to the ethylene action. Brazilian Archives of
Biology and Technology, 46, 115-119.

4. Jiang, Y., Li, Y., 2001. Effects of chitosan coating on postharvest life and quality of longan fruit.
Food Chemistry, 73, 139-143.

5. Kittur, F.S., Saroja, N., Tharanathan, H. R. N, 2001. Polysaccharide-based composite coating

formulations for shelflife extension of fresh banana and mango. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 213,
306-311.

6. Lurie, S., Crisosto, C.H., 2005. Chilling injury in peach and nectarine. Postharvest Biology and
Technology, 37, 195-208.

7. Trung, T.S., Thein-Han, W.W., Qui, N.T., Ng, C.H., Stevens, W.F., 2006. Functional
characteristics of shrimp chitosan and its membranes as affected by the degree of deacetylation.
Bioresource Technology, 97, 659663.

8. Yamashita, F., et al, 2002. Effects of packaging and temperature on postharvest of atemoya. Rev.
Bras., Jaboticabal SP, 24, 658-660.

9. Vishnu Prasanna, K.N., Sudhakarda Rao, D.V., 2000. Effect of storage temperature on ripening
and quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruits. The Journal of Horticultural Science and
Biotechnology, 75, 546-550.

21