Khi qut cng ngh

cc khoan nhi

Cc bc thi cng
Mt s s c khi thi cng
Kim tra cht lng cc
Gii thiu cng ngh m rng lm sch v bm
va x l y cc

Nguyen Duc Manh

4/5/2008

I. Cc bc thi cng
1.

Chu
Chun b
b thi cng

2.

Cng tc
tc nh v, h ng vch

3.

Cng tc khoan to
to l$
l$

4.

Cng tc
tc ct thp
thp

5.

Cng tc
tc )
) b tng

6.

Rt ng vch v lp u cc

7.

Ki
Kim tra,
tra, nghi
nghim thu

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

S cng ngh thi cng cc khoan nhi

Lp rp c gii, nh
v v cn chnh my

Thi cng h ng vch

Bm cp Bentonite

4/5/2008

b tng
cc v san
lp b mt

Khoan n
cao y
cc

Thi ra,vt
cn lng v
thay dd mi

Cu h lp
lng h ct
thp

Chun b
iu ch dd

X l
Bentonite
ti s dng

Thi cn
lng

Nguyen Duc Manh

Lp ng
b tng

1. Cng tc chun b

Nghin cu k cc ti liu thit k k thut, quy trnh cng

ngh, ti liu kho st a cht cng trnh, cc cng trnh ngm trong
mt bng thi cng nh in, cp quang, h thng thot nc, cp
nc...

Chun b mt bng t chc thi cng, xc nh v ch cc tim

mc, h trc cng trnh, ng vo, h thng t cc thit b c s,
khu vc thi cng lng thp, kho cc cng trnh ph tr. Cc cn b
k thut phi nm chc h s thit k cc nh a cht cng trnh,
ng knh, cu to ct thp, y cc y i, cao ct cc cu to
ng siu m...

Cn c vo cc thit b c sn c duyt lp tin thi

cng chi tit cho tng cc m bo theo ng yu cu bn A v t
vn gim st t lp tin thi cng tng th v s khoan cho
ton b khu cc.
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh


Chun b cc bng biu nht k cng trng theo di qu
trnh thi cng v cht lng thi cng.

Chun b y thit b my mc kim tra st ca b

tng, kim tra dung dich bentonite.

H thng cung cp in phi an ton v p ng c cng

sut ca my mc thit b thi cng.

Kim tra v m bo chc chn tt c cc thit b trong tnh

trng hot ng tt v sn sng lm vic.

V tr ca my phi an ton chc chn v thun tin.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

2. nh v, h ng vch

ng vch c tc dng bo
v thnh h khoan trnh
trng hp sp l t b
mt khi thi cng, ng thi
to iu kin thun li cho
vic neo gi ct thp.
ng vch phi c gi
thng ng, chc chn
khng b x lch, trt
trong qu trnh thi cng.

Ba rung
thu lc

ng vch dn hng

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

3. Khoan to l

Bm dung dch
Bentonite

Dung dch va
st Bentonite

ng vch
dn hng

Cn khoan
Gu khoan

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

10

Cht git
m np

u ni vi
cn khoan

Cu t
to g
gu khoan

Np m t
c bn l
Rng ct t

4/5/2008

Ca ly t

Nguyen Duc Manh

11

Khoan to l bng phng php khoan gu xoay l bin php

thi cng ph bin nht khi thi cng hng mc cc khoan nhi
Khi khoan, cn ch cc yu cu v k thut sau:
- Trc khi tin hnh khoan cn chnh chnh xc nm ngang
ca my khoan v thng ng ca cn khoan bng my trc
c, v tr my ng phi c gia c chc chn bng cc tm
tn hoc tm b tng.
- Bentonite c bm vo h khoan khi khoan t su 1,5 2 m v lin tc trong qu trnh khoan duy tr p lc vo
thnh h khoan. Bentonite phi lun c kim tra v m bo
cc yu cu k thut trong qu trnh thi cng. Mc dung dch
khoan lun duy tr cao hn mc nc ngm trong h khoan
- Mn khoan v dung dch Bentonite ln t c vn chuyn
ngang ra xa khi v tr h khoan trnh lm nh hng n cht
lng h khoan v gy cn tr cho vic thi cng.
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

12

- Cn kelly phi lun thng ng trong sut qu trnh khoan, tim

cn khoan lun trng vi tim cc v thng xuyn c kim tra
bng my kinh v
- Cng tc khoan c tin hnh lin tc trong phm vi 1 cc, trnh
hin tng lng cn v sp thnh vch do gin on. Trong qu
trnh khoan phi theo di, m t mt ct a cht ca cc lp t
khoan qua v c th hin bng cc bo co chi tit. cc im
a tng sai khc nhiu so vi h s kho st a cht ban u phi
tin hnh ly mu v ghi chp y vo nht k, bo co vi n
v thit k v cng trnh c bin php k thut x l trc tip
ph hp.
- Khi khoan, tc khoan phi khng ch thch hp vi a tng
khoan qua. Gu khoan c a ln, xung t t v xoay trnh
nh hng chn khng v ma st vi thnh h khoan gy sp vch.
- Dng mi khoan bng hp kim cng khi gp cc lp a cht
nh: lp si cui to, bt ct kt, st kt...
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

13

Thi ra lm sch h khoan

Sau khi khoan t ti su thit k v t vn gim st nghim
thu xc nhn, tin hnh ch lng trong khong 1-2 h v dng
gu vt v sinh y h khoan trc khi h lng thp

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

14

4. Cng tc thp
Gia cng ch
ch to l
lng th
thp

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

15

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

16

H lng thp

Tr
Trc khi h
h ct th
thp, ki
kim tra h
h khoan v
v chi
chiu su,

th
thng
ng, t
tnh tr
trng th
thnh v
vch,
ng k
knh,
sch ...
Cc l
lng th
thp
c lin k
kt ch
chc ch
chn theo
ng thi
thit k
k. C
Cc
con k b tng ho
hoc th
thp
c s
s dng

m b
bo chi
chiu d
dy
lp b tng b
bo v
v ct th
thp.
Cn c
c bi
bin ph
php k
k thu
thut
tr
trnh c
ct th
thp b
b tt ho
hoc b
b
y
tr
tri: c
cc m
mi n
ni ph
phi th
tht
m b
bo, l
lng th
thp sau khi h
h
c
lin k
kt ch
cht ch
ch vi ng v
vch ph
pha trn.
Ct th
thp
m b
bo
ng v
v
y
v s l
lng, c
cng
, v
v tr
tr
v kch th
thc theo
ng yu c
cu c
ca thi
thit k
k.
Vi
Vic h
h lng th
thp ph
phi
c th
thc hi
hin t
t t, nh
nh nh
nhng tr
trnh
va
p v
vo th
thnh h
h khoan.
Khi h
h lng th
thp
n cao
thi
thit k
k th
th ti
tin h
hnh treo c
c
nh
lng th
thp v
vo ng v
vch, tr
trnh chuy
chuyn v
v lng trong qu
qu tr
trnh
b tng.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

17

Thp gc
dng tmct thp

Tai nh v ct thp

Dung dch va
st Bentonite

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

18

Th
Thi r
ra l
ln 2
Trc khi b tng phi kim
tra li chiu su v sch ca
h khoan.
- Trng hp lng 10 cm
th h khoan t yu cu v
sch v tin hnh b tng.
- Trng hp lng 10 cm
th phi lm v sinh y h
khoan bng phng php thi
ra h khoan.
Lm sch bng vic thay th dung
dch Bentonite c ln t ct bng
dung dch mi t tiu chun.
4/5/2008

Kh nn

Kh,bn v
bentonite
a v my lc
bentonite

Bentonite

ng vch
dn hng
ng dn kh
ng bm b tng
v thi ra

Nguyen Duc Manh

19

5. b tng
t b tng

B thu hi
Bentonite
Van trt

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

ng b tng
c nhc dn
ln khi ng

20

10

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

21

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

22

11

Trc khi b tng cn phi c k hoch cht ch v vic cung cp b tng

gia n v thi cng v n v cung cp. C th, b tng phi m bo cung cp
v s lng, cht lng, lin tc khng gin on.
- Cp phi b tng phi m bo cc yu cu k thut theo yu cu thit k,
khng s dng ct liu ln hn 20mm. B tng trc khi phi c st l
16-20 cm.
- Cng ngh b tng c thc hin sao cho b tng cp cho cc lin tc
khng b gin on, trnh b tng b phn tng.
- Trng hp dng xe trn cp b tng, cn tnh ton thi gian vn chuyn,
nghin cu phng n ng i v la chn st xut xng thch hp.
- B tng s dng cho cc khoan nhi c th c trn thm ph gia ho do
vi t l t 0.8-1.2 % tu thuc vo mi trng cng nh c ly vn chuyn.
- B tng trong ng phi cao v lun lun ln hn p lc dung dch
xung quanh. ng c th c nng ln h xung trong qu trnh cp b tng
nhng khng c thao tc qu mnh v nhiu trnh b tng b phn tng.
Trong qu trnh , ng c tho dn ra song phi lun m bo nm ngp
trong b tng. Vic din ra lin tc to thnh dng chy t do v b tng
chim ch y dn bentonite ra khi h khoan.
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

23

- Cc ng b tng c t ln gi v v sinh ngay sau khi tho

trnh hin tng tc ng cho nhng ln sau.
- Trong sut qu trnh b tng trnh khng b tng trn ra ming phu
ri vo trong lng cc lm nh hng ti cht lng ca bentonite v b
tng cc.
- Trong qu trnh b tng phi thng xuyn kim tra theo di cao
chn ng cho ph hp v kim sot c cht lng thnh vch h khoan.
- Cao b tng cui cng phi cao hn cao y i cc tt thiu l
1 1.5 m tu theo thit k.
- Qu trnh b tng c th hin trong cc bo co chi tit theo cc biu
mu c sn v c s xc nhn ca cn b thi cng v t vn gim st.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

24

12

6. Rt ng vch v lp u cc
Rt ng v
vch

ng v
vch c
cn
c r
rt ln ngay trong th
thi gian
a ch
cht xung
quanh cha c
c kt ch
chc ch
chn v
v b tng cn c
c
do v
v cha
ninh k
kt nh
nhm
m b
bo b tng khng b
b ko theo khi r
rt ng
v ph
ph v kt c
cu ban
u c
ca b tng.
Trong qu
qu tr
trnh r
rt ng v
vch ph
phi
m b
bo ng gi
gi th
thng
ng
v
ng tr
trc v
vi c
cc.
Sau khi ng
c r
rt ln c
cn ki
kim tra kh
khi l
lng b tng v
v
cao

u c
cc nh
nhm
m b
bo ti
tit di
din c
cc khng b
b thu nh
nh
v b tng khng b
b ln b
bn
t xung quanh do p l
lc c
ca
t,
n

c,
m

n
khoan

trong
tr

ng
h

p
c

n
thi

t
ph

i
b

xung
n m khoan
tr
h c thi ph b
ngay b tng trong qu
qu tr
trnh r
rt ng.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

25

Ba rung
thy lc
Ba rung
thy lc

B tng cc

B tng cc

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

26

13

Lp
u c
cc

Cc sau khi
b tng
n cao
thi
thit k
k v b tng c
cc ninh
kt s
s
c l
lp l
li

m b
bo tr
trnh c
cc t
tc
ng c
ca bn ngo
ngoi
n s
s hnh th
thnh c
cng
cc v
v
ng th
thi tr
tr li m
mt b
bng thi
cng c
cc c
cc ti
tip theo, thu
thun ti
tin cho m
my m
mc thi cng di
chuy

n.
chuy
Vt li
liu d
dng
lp
u c
cc c
c th
th dng
t c
cp II, g
gch v
v ho
hoc
ct th

m
k

.
k

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

27

7. Kim tra, nghim thu

Vi
Vic ki
kim tra, gi
gim s
st ch
cht l
lng v
v nghi
nghim thu c
cc khoan
nh
nhi ph
phi
c th
thc hi
hin t
ti hi
hin tr
trng v
v ph
phi cn c
c vo
kt qu
qu th
th nghi
nghim c
ca c
cc phng th
th nghi
nghim.
Cc d
dng c
c, thi
thit b
b ki
kim tra ch
cht l
lng thi cng c
cc ph
phi
m b
bo
ch
chnh x
xc, tin c
cy.
Cc h
h s,
s, t
ti li
liu nghi
nghim thu, c
cc k
kt qu
qu th
th nghi
nghim ph
phi
y
v
m b
bo ch
chnh x
xc.
Cc c
cn b
b k thu
thut, c
cc th
th nghi
nghim vin l
lm cng t
tc th
th
nghi

m,
ki

m
tra,
gi

m
s

t
v

nghi

m
thu
k

thu

t
ch

t
nghi
ki
gi s v nghi
k thu ch l
lng
ph
phi c
c
tr
trnh
chuyn mn v
v
c
o t
to.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

28

14

II. Mt s s c trong qu trnh

thi cng cc khoan nhi
1 Khng rt c u khoan ln
2 Khng rt c ng vch ln
3 Sp vch h khoan
4 Tri ct thp khi b tng
5 Gp hang caster khi khoan

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

29

1. Khng rt c u khoan ln

Do m
mt nguyn nhn n
no
nh m
mt i
in m
my ph
pht, h
hng c
cu...
lm gi
gin o
on qu
qu tr
trnh khoan c
cc, c
cn ph
phi r
rt
u khoan ln
ngay,
u khoan b
b kt
y l
l khng c
cu ln
c c
cng khng
th

nh

ln

c.
th nh

Nguyn nhn l
l do hi
hin tu
tung s
sp v
vch ph
phn
t khoan du
dui
y ng v

ch,

t
s

p
l

m
nghing

u
khoan,

u
khoan
b

v
s l

b
v
vng v
vo
y ng v
vch v
v b to
ton b
b ph
phn
t s
sp xu
xung bao
ph
ph. Do v
vy khng th
th rt
u khoan ln
c

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

30

15

Bi
Bin ph
php x
x l

Cch 1:
Rt ng v
vch ln kho
khong 20 cm sau
mi r
rt
u khoan, sau khi
rt

u
khoan
ln
r

i
s

i
h

ng
v

ch
xu

r s
h
v
xung.
Cch 2:
Nu khng th
th nh
nh
c ng v
vch do ng v
vch h
h su, l
lc ma
st l
ln, ta ph
phi d
dng bi
bin ph
php x
xi h
ht.
Cch ti
tin h
hnh nh sau:
sau:
Dng vi x
xi p l
lc cao x
xi h
ht ph
phn
t b
b sp v
v xi su
xu
xung d
di
u khoan m
mc
ch l
lm cho
u khoan tri
xu
xung d
di theo phng th
thng
ng
kh
khi b
b nghing v
vo
th
thnh v
vch. Sau
Sau
mi c
cu r
rt
u khoan.
Lu :
: Trong su
sut qu
qu tr
trnh x
xi h
ht lun gi
gi cho m
mc n
nc trong
l khoan n

nh

y
trong

ng
v

ch

gi

nh
th

v
gi

th nh l
l
khoan d
di
y ng v
vch.
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

31

2. Khng rt c ng vch ln
Nguyn nhn

Do i
iu ki
kin
t (ch
(ch yu l
l tng c
ct). L
Lc ma s
st gi
gia ng ch
chng
vi
t xung quanh l
ln hn l
lc nh
nh ln ( l
lc nh
nh v lc rung)
ho
hoc kh
kh nng c
cu ln c
ca thi
thit b
b lm l
l khng
. Trong t
tng c
ct
th
th s c kp ng th
thng x
xy ra, do nh h
hng c
ca n
nc ng
ngm kh
kh
ln, ngo
ngoi ra cn do nh h
hng c
ca m
mt
ct v
vi vi
vic c
ct c
c kt
li d
di t
tc d
dng c
ca l
lc rung. Cn trong t
tng s
st, do l
lc d
dnh
tng
i l
ln ho
hoc do t
tn t
ti
t s
st n
n ...
ng v
vch ho
hoc thi
thit b
b to l
l nghing l
lch nn thi
thit b
b nh
nh ng
vch khng ph

t
huy
h

c
nng
l

c.
ph
h
l
Th

i
gian
gi

a
hai
l

n
l

ng
d

i
qu
Th
gi
l l
d qu cng l
lm cho kh
kh rt ng
c bi
bit l
l khi ng v
vch xuyn v
vo t
tng ch
chu l
lc.
B tng
mt l
lng qu
qu ln m
mi r
rt ng v
vch ho
hoc
b tng
c
st qu
qu th
thp l
lm tng ma s
st gi
gia ng v
vch v
v b tng.
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

32

16

Bi
Bin ph
php phng ng
nga, kh
khc ph
phc
Sau khi k
kt th
thc vi
vic khoan l
l v tr
trc l
lc
b tng ph
phi th
thng
xuyn rung l

ng,

ng
th

i
ph

i
th

nng
h

ng
ln
m

t
l

th ph th
h
m ch
cht (
kho
khong 15 cm)
cm) xem c
c rt
c ng ln hay khng. Trong l
lc
th
th ny khng
c
b tng v
vo.
Khi s
s dng nng l
lc c
ca b
bn thn m
my m
m nh
nh ng ch
chng khng
ln
c th
th c th
th thay b
bng k
kch d
du c
c nng l
lc l
ln
kch nh
nh
ng ln.
Ph
Phi
m b
bo h
hng nh
nh ln c
ca m
my tr
trng v
vi h
hng nh
nh ln c
ca
ng. Nu ng b
b nghing l
lch th
th ph
phi s
sa
i th
th my cho chu
chun.
Ch
Chn phng ph
php thi cng v
v thi
thit b
b thi cng
m b
bo nng l
lc
thi
thit b
b

p ng nhu c
cu cho cng ngh
ngh khoan c
cc.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

33

3. Sp vch h khoan
Cc nguyn nhn ch
ch yu tr
trng th
thi t
tnh:

di c
ca ng v
vch t
tng
a ch
cht ph
pha trn khng
qua c
cc
tng
a ch
cht ph
phc t
tp.
Duy tr
tr p l
lc c
ct dung d
dch khng
.
Mc n
nc ng
ngm c
c p l
lc tng
i cao
Trong t
tng cu
cui s
si c
c n
nc ch
chy ho
hoc khng c
c n
nc l
lm trong
h khoan xu
xut hi
hin hi
hin t
tng m
mt dung d
dch.
T tr
trng v
v nng
ca dung d
dch khng
.
Do t
tc
khoan l
l nhanh qu
qu nn cha k
kp h
hnh th
thnh m
mng
dung d
dch trong l
l.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

34

17

Cc nguyn nhn ch
ch yu tr
trng th
thi
ng

ng v
vch b
b bi
bin d
dng
t ng
ngt ho
hoc h
hnh d
dng khng ph
ph hp.
ng v
vch b
b
ng cong vnh, khi i
iu ch
chnh l
li l
lm cho
t b
b
bung ra.
Khi
o ho
hoc x
xc m
mnh cu
cui s
si d
di
y ng v
vch l
lm cho
t
xung quanh b
b bung ra.
Khi h
h khung c
ct th
thp va v
vo th
thnh h
h ph
ph v mng dung d
dch
ho
hoc th
thnh h
h.
Th
Thi gian ch
ch
b tng qu
qu lu ( qui
qui
nh thng th
thng khng
qu
qu 24 h) l
lm cho dung d
dch gi
gi th
thnh b
b tch n
nc d
dn
n ph
phn
dung d
dch ph
pha trn khng
t yu c
cu v
v t tr
trng nn s
sp v
vch.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

35

Bi
Bin ph
php x
x l kh
khc ph
phc

Nu nguyn nhn s
st l
l th
thnh v
vch do dung d
dch gi
gi th
thnh khng
t yu c
cu th
th bi
bin ph
php chung l
l bm dung d
dch m
mi c
c t tr
trng
ln hn v
vo
y l
l khoan v
v bm u
ui dung d
dch c
c ra kh
khi l
l
khoan, sau
mi ti
tin h
hnh x
xc
t v
v v sinh l
l khoan. Trong qu
qu
tr
trnh l
ly
t ra kh
khi l
l khoan lun lun duy tr
tr mc dung d
dch trong
l khoan
m b
bo theo qui
nh cao hn m
mc n
nc thi cng 2m.
Nu nguyn nhn do ng v
vch cha h
h qua h
ht t
tng
t y
yu th
th gi
gii
ph
php duy nh
nht l
l ti
tip t
tc h
h ng v
vch xu
xung qua t
tng
t y
yu v
v
ng
ngp v
vo t
tng
t ch
chu l
lc t
ti thi
thiu b
bng 1m.
Nu do l
lc ma s
st l
ln khng h
h
c ng v
vch ch
chnh th
th dng c
cc
ng v
vch ph
ph h theo t
tng l
lp xu
xung d
di
gi
gim ma s
st th
thnh
vch. S
S lu
lung ng v
vch ph
ph ph
ph thu
thuc v
vo chi
chiu su t
tng
t y
yu.
ng v
vch ph
ph trong c
cng c
c chi
chiu d
di xuyn su
sut v
v
ng k
knh
bng ng v
vch ch
chnh ban
u. C
Cc l
lp ng v
vch ph
ph h tr
trc
c
chi
chiu d
di ng
ngn hn m
mt o
on theo kh
kh nng h
h
c c
ca thi
thit b
b h
ng v
vch ch
chu ma s
st trn o
on
v c
ng k
knh l
ln hn 10 cm
theo t
tng l
lp t
t trong ra ngo
ngoi.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

36

18

4. Tri ct thp khi btng

4.1. Tr
Trng h
hp tr
tri c
ct th
thp do nh h
hng c
ca qu
qu
tr
trnh r
rt ng v
vch
1. Nguyn nhn 1: Th
Thnh ng b
b mo m
m, l
li lm.
2. Nguyn nhn 2: C
C ly gi
gia
ng k
knh ngo
ngoi c
ca khung c
ct th
thp v
vi
th
thnh trong c
ca ng v
vch nh
nh qu
qu, v
v vy s
s b kp c
ct li
liu to v
vo gi
gia
khi r
rt ng v
vch c
ct th
thp s
s b ko ln theo.
3. Nguyn nhn 3: Do b
bn thn khung c
ct th
thp b
b cong vnh, ng v
vch b
b
nghing l
lm cho c
ct th
thp
ch
cht v
vo th
thnh ng.
* Cch x
x l s
s c:
Khi ph

t
ph hi
hin c
ct th
thp b
b tr
tri ln th
th ph
phi l
lp t
tc d
dng vi
vic
b
tng l
li, rung l
lc ng v
vch di
ng ln xu
xung ho
hoc quay theo m
mt chi
chiu
ct
t s
s v
vng m
mc gi
gia khung c
ct th
thp v
v ng v
vch.
Trong khi ang
b tng, ho
hoc khi r
rt ng ln m
m
ng th
thi c
ct
th
thp v
v b tng c
cng ln theo th
th y l
l mt s
s c rt nghim tr
trng :
ho
hoc thn c
cc v
vi t
tng
t khng
c lin k
kt ch
cht, ho
hoc l
l xu
xut hi
hin
kho
khong h
hng. Cho
Cho nn tr
trng h
hp n
ny khng
c r
rt ti
tip ng ln tr
trc
khi gia c
c tng c
cng n
nn
t b
b ln xu
xung.
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

37

4.2 Tr
Trng h
hp c
ct th
thp b
b tr
tri ln do l
lc
y
ng c
ca
btng (y l
l nguyn nhn ch
chnh gy ra s
s c tr
tri c
ct th
thp)

Lc
y
ng b tng xu
xut hi
hin
y l
l khoan khi b tng ri
t mi
ming ng xu
xung (th
(th nng chuy
chuyn th
thnh
ng nng ). Chi
Chiu cao
ri b tng c
cng l
ln, t
tc

b tng c
cng nhanh th
th lc
y
ng c
cng l
ln. C
Ct th
thp s
s khng b
b tr
tri n
nu l
lc
y
ng nh
nh hn
tr
trng l
lng l
lng th
thp.
V vy c
c th
th gi
gim thi
thiu s
s tr
tri c
ct th
thp n
nu h
hn ch
ch ti a
chi
chiu cao ri b tng v
v tc

b tng. Chi
Chiu cao n
ny c
c th
th
khng ch
ch cn c
c vo tr
trng l
lng l
lng th
thp.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

38

19

5. Gp hang caster khi khoan

Du hi
hiu th
thng th
thy khi m
mi khoan g
gp hang caster l
l
ln
cn khoan tng
t ng
ngt, cao
dung d
dch trong l
l khoan c
c
th
th b tt xu
xung khi g
gp hang r
rng ho
hoc dng ln khi trong
hang c
c n
nc c
c p ho
hoc b
bn nho.
S dng ng v
vch ph
ph qua hang caster c
cng l
l mt gi
gii ph
php
ang
c p d
dng nhi
nhiu. Trong tr
trng h
hp ph
pht hi
hin tr
trc
c hang caster th
th s dng thi
thit b
b khoan xoay ng v
vch l
l
phng ph
php hi
hiu qu
qu nh
nht.
Vi
Vic s
s dng ng v
vch ph
ph qua hang caster k
kt h
hp v
vi
ng v
vch m
m rng bn ngo
ngoi
c ti
tin h
hnh nh sau:
sau:

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

39

- B
Bc 1: S dng ng v
vch m
m rng, rung h
h bng b
ba rung
n cao
cho ph
php c
c th
th rt
c ng v
vch ln tu
tu theo
nng l

c
thi

t
b

hi

n
c

.
C

th

t
h

t
ho
l thi b hi c C th
h hoc x
xi h
ht
trong ng v
vch
gi
gim thi
thiu l
lc ma s
st th
thnh c
cc.
- B
Bc 2: Khoan trong lng ng v
vch m
m rng b
bng m
my khoan,
sau
doa l
l. ng v
vch th
thp ph
ph
c p h
h qua hang sau

ti
tip t
tc khoan v
v
b tng b
bnh th
thng.
ng v
vch ph
ph
c gi
gi li trong
t cn ng v
vch m
m
rng c

th

c
r

t
ln
sau
khi
khoan
xong.
c th r

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

40

20

III. Kim tra cht lng cc khoan

nhi
1. Cc phng php kim tra sc chu ti ca cc
Phng ph
php th
th ti tr
trng t
tnh truy
truyn th
thng
Phng php th ti tnh bng hp ti trng Osterberg
Phng php th tnh ng
Phng php th nghim ng bin dng ln PDA

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

41

1.1. Phng ph
php th
th ti tr
trng t
tnh truy
truyn th
thng
y l
l phng ph
php tr
trc ti
tip x
xc
nh s
sc ch
chu t
ti c
ca c
cc, th
thc
ch
cht l
l xem x
xt ng x
x ca c
cc ( ln) trong i
iu ki
kin c
cc l
lm
vi
vic nh th
thc t
t d
di t
ti tr
trng cng tr
trnh nh
nhm m
mc
ch ch
chnh
l xc
nh
tin c
cy c
ca c
cc ti tr
trng thi
thit k
k, x
xc
nh t
ti
tr
trng gi
gii h
hn c
ca c
cc, ho
hoc ki
kim tra c
cng
vt li
liu c
ca c
cc
vi h
h s an to
ton x
xc
nh b
bi thi
thit k
k.
Nguyn l v
v ph
phm vi p d
dng:

Dng h

th

ng
c

c
neo
ho
h th
c
hoc c
cc v
vt n
nng ch
cht ph
pha trn
nh c
cc
lm
i tr
trng
gia t
ti n
nn c
cc.

Phng ph
php n
ny ch
ch th
thch h
hp ni c
c mt b
bng
rng, ni
khng c
c n
nc m
mt (sng) v
v cc th
th c ti tr
trng nh
nh (< 5000
tn).

Chi ph
ph cho vi
vic l
lm
i tr
trng s
s cng l
ln khi t
ti tr
trng c
cc, th
th
cng l
ln v
v nh
nht l
l ni sng n
nc.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

42

21

Nh
Nhn x
xt

Phng ph
php th
th ti tr
trng t
tnh truy
truyn th
thng tuy khng d
dng
thi
thit b
b hi
hin
i nhng chi ph
ph cng s
s rt cao khi g
gp i
iu
ki
kin kh
kh khn v
v mt b
bng.

Kt qu
qu th
th ti l
l sc ch
chu
ng t
tng c
cng c
ca c
cc (khng
cho bi
bit ring: s
sc ch
chu t
ti c
ca m
mi c
cc v
v sc ch
chu t
ti thn
cc). Bn c
cnh

i v
vi c
cc c
cc khoan nh
nhi c
c sc ch
chu t
ti
10.000 t
tn ho
hoc l
ln hn th
th h
i tr
trng
gia t
ti theo phng
ph
php n
ny c
cng s
s gp kh
kh khn,
khn, khng th
thc hi
hin
c. Do v
vy
p d
dng th
th ti t
tnh truy
truyn th
thng ch
ch yu s
s dng
th
th ti
cc c
cc c
c ti tr
trng d
di 5.000 t
tn v
v cc b
b tr
tr mt r
rng ri
v trn c
cn.

Ngo
Ngoi ra s
s dng phng ph
php n
ny t
tn nhi
nhiu th
thi gian,
phng ti
tin k
k thu
thut. Tuy nhin phng ph
php n
ny cho k
kt qu
qu

c xem l
l ch
chnh x
xc nh
nht trong c
cc phng ph
php hi
hin nay,
c th
th lm c s
s cho vi
vic ki
kim ch
chng c
cc phng ph
php kh
khc.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

43

1.2. Phng php th ti tnh bng hp ti trng

Osterberg
Nguyn l

Khi c
cc c
c
ng k
knh v
v chi
chiu d
di l
ln v
vi s
sc ch
chu t
ti h
hng ng
ngn
tn v
v cc n
nm trn sng n
nc, c
cc phng ph
php th
th ti t
tnh khng
th
thc hi
hin
c. Do v
vy, ph
phi s
s dng phng ph
php h
hp t
ti tr
trng
Osterberg.
Dng m
mt hay nhi
nhiu h
hp t
ti tr
trng Osterberg (h
(hp th
thy l
lc l
lm vi
vic
nh 1 k
kch thu
thu lc)
t mi c
cc khoan nh
nhi hay 2 v
v tr
tr mi v
v
thn c
cc tr
trc khi
b tng thn c
cc. Sau khi
b tng

c
cng
, ti
tin h
hnh th
th ti b
bng c
cch bm d
du thu
thu lc
to p
lc trong h
hp k
kch.
i tr
trng ch
chnh l
l tr
trng l
lng c
cc v
v sc ch
chng
ma s
st hng.
Theo nguyn l ph
phn l
lc, l
lc truy
truyn xu
xung
t m
mi c
cc b
bng l
lc
truy
truyn thn c
cc. Vi
Vic th
th s
t t
ti ph
ph ho
hoi khi m
mt trong hai ph
ph
ho
hoi x
xy ra mi c
cc v
v quanh thn c
cc. D
Da theo c
cc thi
thit b
b o
chuy
chuyn v
v v o l
lc g
gn trong h
hp t
ti tr
trng Osterberg s
s v ra
c
cc bi
biu
quan h
h gi
gia l
lc t
tc d
dng v
v chuy
chuyn v
v mi c
cc v
v thn
cc. Tu
Tu theo tr
trng h
hp ph
ph ho
hoi c
c th
th thu
c m
mt trong 2 bi
biu
quan h
h ti tr
trng chuy
chuyn v
v.

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44

22

Ph
Phm vi p d
dng

Phng ph
php n
ny ph
ph hp v
vi c
cc c
cc c
c sc ch
chng gi
gii h
hn
th
thnh bn v
v mi c
cc tng ng nhau.
nhau. Cn
Cn trong tr
trng
hp s
sc ch
chng gi
gii h
hn c
ca m
mi nh
nh hn s
sc ch
chng th
thnh bn
th
th c th
th
t hai t
tng mi c
cc v
v thn c
cc
th
th. Khi
Khi

tr
trnh t
t ch
cht t
ti s
s ph
phc t
tp hn
c th
th xc
nh
c
Pghm
ghmi, Pgh o
on to
ton thn c
cc.
Phng ph
php n
ny p d
dng th
th ti cho c
cc c
cc khoan nh
nhi c
c
sc ch

u
t

i
l

n,
nh

ng
ni
kh

khn
v

t
b

ng
thi
cng
hay
ch t l
nh
kh
v
b
cc trn sng n
nc.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

45

1.3. Phng php th tnh ng

Nguyn l

Da trn nguyn t
tc ph
phn l
lc c
ca
ng c tn l
la, ng
ngi ta t
to
ra m
mt thi
thit b
b
t trn
u c
cc c
c km theo
i tr
trng v
va
,
cho n
n gy ph
phn l
lc trn
u c
cc c
c thi
thit b
b ghi chuy
chuyn v
v ca
cc trong qu
qu tr
trnh n
n, k
kt h
hp o c
cc thng s
s bi
bin d
dng v
v
gia t
tc
u c
cc.

Sau
dng c
cc phng ph
php nh phng ph
php phng tr
trnh
truy
truyn s
sng ho
hoc
cng
ng s
s
c t
tnh s
sc ch
chu t
ti c
ca
cc. Trong phng ph
php STATNAMIS ng
ngi ta x
xc
nh

c gia t
tc a c
ca kh
khi ph
phn l
lc d
dch chuy
chuyn ln ph
pha trn g
gp
20 l
ln gia t
tc c
ca c
cc d
dch chuy
chuyn xu
xung ph
pha d
di. Nh v
vy
tr
trng l
lng c
ca kh
khi ph
phn l
lc ch
ch cn b
bng 1/20
1/20 i tr
trng d
d
ki
kin trong th
th tnh t
to nn
c l
lc l
ln g
gp 20 l
ln l
lc
truy
truyn ln
u c
cc. Nh
Nh
, vi
vic th
th ti b
bng STATNAMIS s
s
gi
gim r
rt nhi
nhiu v
v quy m v
v chi ph
ph so v
vi th
th tnh nhng k
kt
qu
qu
t
c r
rt g
gn v
vi phng ph
php th
th tnh.

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46

23

Ph
Phm vi p d
dng

Cho t
tt c
c cc lo
loi c
cc
ng v
v cc nghing trong m
mi i
iu
ki
kin
a ch
cht
Nh
Nhn x
xt

Vi

c
Vi ng d
dng th
th ti STN ang ng
ngy c
cng c
cnh tranh m
mnh
m vi th
th ti bi
bin d
dng l
ln PDA do c
c
tin c
cy cao, gi
gi
th
thnh h
hp l v
v nhi
nhiu u i
im hn so v
vi phng ph
php PDA.
c bi
bit c
c th
th th
th ti ngang hay v
vi t
ti tr
trng r
rt l
ln
n trn
3.000 t

n.
V

n
t

i
tr

ng
th

c
cho

n
nay
n
t V
t tr
th

n ch
ch
km phng ph
php h
hp t
ti tr
trng Osterberg.

4/5/2008

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47

1.4. Phng php th nghim ng bin dng ln

PDA
Nguyn l

Nguyn l c
ca phng ph
php th
th
ng bi
bin d
dng l
ln v
v thi
thit b
b
phn t
tch
ng c
cc PDA d
da trn nguyn l thuy
thuyt truy
truyn s
sng
ng su
sut trong b
bi to
ton va ch
chm c
ca c
cc

Vi
u v
vo l
l cc s
s li
liu o gia t
tc v
v bi
bin d
dng thn c
cc
d
di t
tc d
dng c
ca qu
qu ba. C
Cc
c trng
ng theo Smith l
l
o s
sng c
ca l
lc v
v sng v
vn t
tc (t
(tch phn gia t
tc) r
ri ti
tin
hnh phn t
tch th
thi gian th
thc
i v
vi h
hnh s
sng (b
(bng c
cc ph
php
tnh l
lp) d
da trn l thuy
thuyt truy
truyn s
sng ng su
sut thanh c
cng v
v
lin t
tc do va ch
chm d
dc tr
trc t
ti
u c
cc gy ra.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

48

24

Cc k
kt qu
qu o
c

Sc ch
chu t
ti c
ca c
cc: s
sc ch
chu t
ti c
ca c
cc t
ti t
tng nh
nht b
ba
p, s
sc ch
chu t
ti c
ca c
cc t
ti t
tng cao
ng
ngp
t c
ca c
cc, ma
st th
thnh bn v
v sc kh
khng c
ca m
mi c
cc.

ng su
sut trong c
cc: ng su
sut n
nn l
ln nh
nht, ng su
sut k
ko l
ln
nh
nht v
v ng su
sut n
nn t
ti m
mi c
cc

S ho
hot
ng c
ca b
ba: nng l
lc truy
truyn l
ln nh
nht c
ca b
ba ln
u c
cc, l
lc t
tc d
dng l
ln nh
nht ln
u c
cc,
lch tm gi
gia
ba v
v cc, hi
hiu su
sut ho
hot
ng c
ca b
ba, t
tng s
s nh
nht b
ba, s
s
nh
nht b
ba trong 1 ph
pht v
v chi
chiu cao ri b
ba ho
hoc
ny c
ca
ph
phn va
p.

Tnh nguyn d
dng ho
hoc h h
hng c
ca c
cc: x
xc
nh m
mc

ho
hoc v
v tr
tr h h
hng c
ca c
cc.
Ph
Phm vi p d
dng

Th
Thi gian nhanh hn th
th tnh, chi ph
ph th
thp, th
th
c nhi
nhiu c
cc
trong ng
ngy

La ch
chn
c h
h th
thng
ng c
cc h
hp l

Tiu chu
chun p d
dng: theo tiu chu
chun ASTM D4945.
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

49

Nh
Nhn x
xt

Phng ph
php th
th
ng bi
bin d
dng l
ln nh
nhm
nh gi
gi sc ch
chu
ti c
ca c
cc b
bng l thuy
thuyt truy
truyn s
sng PDA ch
ch ch
chnh x
xc khi
nng l
lng va ch
chm
u c
cc
ln
huy
ng to
ton b
b
sc kh
khng c
ca
t n
nn v
v to
c bi
bin d
dng d t
t 3 5 mm.
Vi c
cc khoan nh
nhi th
thng s
s dng qu
qu ba n
nng t
t 9 n 21
tn
th
th
ng l
lc h
hc.

So v
vi phng ph
php th
th ti tr
trng t
tnh th
th phng ph
php n
ny
th
thc hi
hin nhanh hn,
hn, c
c th
th th
thc hi
hin th
th nghi
nghim
c nhi
nhiu
cc trong c
cng m
mt ng
ngy, t gy nh h
hng
n ho
hot
ng thi
cng cng tr
trng nhng l
li gy ti
ting n v
v ch
chn
ng cho
khu v
vc ln c
cn.

Phng ph
php n
ny c
c th
th ki
kim tra
c c
c mc
ho
hon ch
chnh
v
nh gi
gi
c s
sc ch
chu t
ti c
ca c
cc, nh
nht l
l chi
chiu d
di, c
cng
v

ng nh
nht c
ca b tng.

Phng ph
php th
th
ng bi
bin d
dng l
ln khng thay th
th ho
hon to
ton

c phng ph
php th
th tnh. Nhng
Nhng c
cc k
kt qu
qu th
th
ng bi
bin
dng l
ln s
s dng thi
thit b
b phn t
tch
ng c
cc - PDA
c phn
tch chi ti
tit, so s
snh v
vi th
th tnh v
v phn t
tch CAPWAP tng
ng s
s gi
gip gi
gim b
bt th
th tnh.
4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

50

25

i v
vi c
cc cng tr
trnh d
di n
nc nh m
mng c
cng, c
cu...ho
u...hoc
cc d
d n nh
nh m vi
vic th
th tnh g
gp kh
kh khn v
vi i
iu ki
kin thi
cng, th
thi gian ch
ch
i l
lm tng chi ph
ph th
th ti c
cc. Khi

vi
vic th
th
ng bi
bin d
dng l
ln b
bng thi
thit b
b phn t
tch
ng c
cc
PDA l
l rt th
thch h
hp.
S dng thi
thit b
b phn t
tch
ng c
cc - PDA gi
gip ta ki
kim so
sot

c ch
cht l
lng c
cc trong qu
qu tr
trnh thi cng. Theo di nh
nhng
vn
c th
th xy ra
i v
vi b
ba, c
cc,
t s
s sm ph
pht hi
hin

c c
cc s
s c
x l k
kp th
thi nh
nhng v
vn
nh h
hng
n
ti
tin
thi cng v
v gi
gim
c chi ph
ph, r
ri ro.
D dng ki
kim so
sot
c s
s hi ph
phc hay gin ra c
ca
t sau
khi
ng i v
v v li. X
Xc
nh
c s
sc ch
chu t
ti c
ca c
cc t
ti
tng nh
nht b
ba, t
tng cao

t m
mi trong qu
qu tr
trnh
ng c
cc.
Qua
, l
la ch
chn
c chi
chiu d
di c
cc ph
ph hp.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

51

2. Phng ph
php siu m x
xc
nh t
tnh
ng nh
nht c
ca b tng

Phng ph
php n
ny d
dng m
my siu m t
to ra s
sng siu m
truy
truyn qua v
vt c
cn o v
v o t
tc
truy
truyn s
sng. T
T tc
ny
suy ra t

nh

ng
nh

t
v

khuy

t
t

t
trong
b
tng
c

c
khoan
t

nh v khuy t
c
nh
nhi t
t i
im ph
pht
n i
im thu
Trong m
mi tr
trng h
hp khuy
khuyt t
tt c
ca b tng c
cc khoan nh
nhi
ho
hoc c
cu ki
kin m
mng
c ph
pht hi
hin b
bng phng ph
php xung
siu m c
cn
c hi
hiu y l
l s cnh b
bo ho
hoc s
s xc
nh
gi
gin ti
tip v
v tn t
ti khuy
khuyt t
tt trong b tng.
kh
khng
nh v
v
nh gi

c
i

m
khuy

t
t

t
c

n
k

t
h

p
th

c
hi

n
thm
c

c
gi i khuy t c k h th hi
c
phng ph
php kh
khc nh:
nh: khoan l
ly m
mu li b tng, th
th
nghi
nghim n
nn m
mu b tng ...
(TCXDVN 358 : 2005 "Cc khoan nhi - Phng php xung siu m xc
nh tnh ng nht ca b tng" )

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

52

26

Th nghim siu m cc khoan nhi

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

53

S B TR NG O SIU M

A1 - Khi ng knh cc : D 60 cm (2 ng, gc gia cc ng l 180o);

A2 - Khi ng knh cc : 60 < D 100 cm (3 ng, gc gia cc ng l 120o);

A3 - Khi ng knh cc : D > 100 cm ( 4 ng, gc gia cc ng l 90o);

A4 - i vi tng trong t;
Nguyen Duc Manh
54
4/5/2008

A5 - i vi cc Ba - ret

27

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

55

S suy gim ca vn tc truyn xung siu m trong vng b tng c khuyt tt

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

56

28

IV. Cng ngh m rng lm sch v

bm va x l y cc khoan nhi
Kh
Kh nng ch
chu l
lc d
dc tr
trc theo
t n
nn c
ca c
cc khoan nh
nhi l
l
tng c
ca s
sc ch
chu t
ti
y c
cc v
v sc ch
chu t
ti th
thnh bn c
ca c
cc.
Thng th
thng, th
thnh ph
phn s
sc ch
chu l
lc
y c
cc ch
ch
c huy
ng mt m
mc
rt th
thp. Theo m
mt s
s nghin c
cu th
thc nghi
nghim
th
th sc ch
chu t
ti c
cc th
thnh c
cc khoan nh
nhi c
c th
th
t gi
gi tr
tr ln nh
nht
ti
ln kho
khong 0,5
0,5-1%
ng k
knh D trong khi
sc ch
chu t
ti
y c
cc khoan nh
nhi ch
ch
c huy
ng ho
hon to
ton khi
t
ln t
t
1010-15% D.
D. ln n
ny th
thng l
ln hn r
rt nhi
nhiu so v
vi
ln gi
gii
hn khai th
thc cho ph
php.
Nguyn nhn l
l do trong qu
qu tr
trnh thi cng
t n
nn v
vng
y c
cc
th

ng
b

o
tr

n
nn
c

n
m

n
l

huy

ng
s

c
ch
th
b
tr
c m
l

s chu
ti
y c
cc. Ngo
Ngoi ra vi
vic
li m
mt l
lng m
mn l
lng d
dy d
di
y
cc c
cng g
gp ph
phn d
dn
n hi
hin t
tng n
ny.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

57

nng cao s
sc ch
chu t
ti c
cc, ngo
ngoi vi
vic tng
su chn c
cc
v

ng
k

nh
c

c
th

t
h

ng
nghin
c

u
ang

c
quan

k
c th
h
c

tm l
l th
thc hi
hin x
x l
y c
cc sau khi
b tng.
Th
Thc hi
hin bm v
va p l
lc xu
xung
y c
cc sau khi
b tng
nh
nhm l
lm ch
cht
t t
ti ch
ch cng nh b
bt c
c th
th vn n
no cn s
st
li trong qu
qu tr
trnh khoan. Nguyn l c
ca cng ngh
ngh l gia t
ti
tr
trc cho n
nn
t bn d
di
y c
cc
huy
ng s
sc ch
chu t
ti
y c
cc trong ph
phm vi gi
gii h
hn l
ln cho ph
php. Nh
Nhng k
kt qu
qu
nghin c
cu cho th
thy r
rng y l
l mt cng ngh
ngh ch
ch
ng x
x l
y c
cc r
rt hi
hiu qu
qu v ph
ph hp v
vi tr
trnh
cng ngh
ngh trong
n
nc.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

58

29

Cc bc chnh ca cng ngh

Thi cng c
cc khoan nh
nhi
- Thi cng l
l cc khoan nh
nhi theo c
cc phng ph
php truy
truyn th
thng
- Trong qu
qu tr
trnh l
lp
t l
lng c
ct th
thp ch
ch c
cn l
lp
t h
h th
thng

ng ng d
dn v
va v
v c c
cu ph
pht v
va
y c
cc;
-
b tng c
cc khoan nh
nhi.
Ph
Ph v b tng
y c
cc v
v xi r
ra
y c
cc
Bm v

y
c

c
v c
Bm v
va p l
lc cao xu
xung
y c
cc sau khi b tng c
cc ph
pht
tri
trin c
cng


ch
chu
c p l
lc bm v
va. Qu
Qu tr
trnh bm
va bao g
gm hai cng o
on ch
chnh:
- Sau khi b tng c
cc
c b
bo d
dng, ti
tin h
hnh l
lp c
cc thi
thit
b vo
u c
cc ng bm v
va p l
lc cao.
- Bm v
va p l
lc cao xu
xung bn d
di
y c
cc nh
nhm l
lm ch
cht
t
nn xung quanh v
v nn ch
cht m
mi v
vn
t
li b
bi qu
qu tr
trnh
khoan c
cc.
Nguyen Duc Manh

4/5/2008

Bc 1
t ng bm va
vo lng ct thp
chu lc

4/5/2008

Bc 2
khoan ph mi cc

Bc 3

59

Bc 4

Bc 5

Phun nc vi p

Bm pht va

Gi p sut

sut cao v lm sch

ximng

Nguyen Duc Manh

60

30

Xi r
ra l
lm s
sch
y c
cc

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

61

Bm v
va xu
xung
y c
cc

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

62

31

Qu
Qu tr
trnh bm v
va s
s
c d
dng l
li khi
t
cc ch
ch tiu sau y:
y:

p su
sut: t
n p l
lc thi
thit k
k khi bm th
th tch v
va t
ti thi
thiu
theo t
tnh to
ton xu
xung
y c
cc. Gi
Gi tr
tr p l
lc thi
thit k
k
c t
tnh
to
ton tr
trc cho t
tng c
cc t
ty t
tng tr
trng h
hp c
c th
th, d
da v
vo kh
kh
nng ch
chu t
ti c
ca n
nn
t t
ti
y c
cc v
v sc ch
chu t
ti ma s
st thn
cc.
tr
Kh
tri:
Kh nng ch
chu
c p l
lc v
va thi
thit k
k m khng b
b
y ln qu
qu nhi
nhiu l
l mt d
du hi
hiu c
ca s
sc ch
chu t
ti thn c
cc t
tt.
Th
Th tch:
ch: Th
Th tch v
va t
ti thi
thiu d
d ki
kin
c t
tnh b
bng th
th
tch
t b
b chi
chim ch
ch bi c
cc khoan nh
nhi khi n
n
t
c
ln
tnh to
ton.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

63

Phm vi p dng cng ngh

Cng ngh
ngh m rng x
x l
y c
cc khoan nh
nhi b
bng vi
vic bm
va sau
c nghin c
cu v
v p d
dng r
rt ph
ph bi
bin rt
nhi
nhiu n
nc trn th
th gi
gii. Nh
Nhng k
kt qu
qu nghin c
cu cho th
thy
y l
l cng ngh
ngh x l
y c
cc r
rt c
c hi
hiu qu
qu. Yu c
cu v
v cc
thi
thit b
b thi cng kh
kh n gi
gin, ho
hon to
ton c
c th
th ch
ch to trong
n
nc. Quy tr
trnh thi cng c
cng nh ki
kim so
sot ch
cht l
lng khng
qu
qu ph
phc t
tp. V
V vy ph
ph hp v
vi i
iu ki
kin cng ngh
ngh n
nc
ta.
K thu
thut n
ny p d
dng c
c hi
hiu qu
qu nh
nht cho
t c
ct r
ri
n ch
cht
va. Ngo
Ngoi ra n
n cn p d
dng kh
kh hi
hiu qu
qu cho nhi
nhiu lo
loi
t
kh
khc nh s
st, c
ct, ph
ph sa v
v
vi.
vi.
i v
vi c
cc c
cc khoan nh
nhi ng
ngm v
vo t
tng
, nh
nht l
l
vi
nt n
n, c
cng c
c kh
kh nng p d
dng k
k thu
thut n
ny.

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

64

32

Thanks !

4/5/2008

Nguyen Duc Manh

65

33