STATE

-OF-THEART IN NANOPHOTONICS
STATE-OF-THEART

1250

1750

2250

2750

cm-1

www.nano-optics.org

OPTICAL ANTENNAS FOR ENHANCED LIGHT

LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTIONS
Lukas
Lukas Novotny
Novotny
Photonics
Photonics Laboratory,
Laboratory, ETH
ETH Zrich
Zrich

www.nano-optics.org

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
University
University of
of Rochester
Rochester // ETH:
ETH:
Palash
Palash Bharadwaj
Bharadwaj
Shawn
Shawn Divitt
Divitt
Brad
Brad Deutsch
Deutsch
Zachary
Zachary Lapin
Lapin
Ryan
Ryan Beams
Beams
Univ.
Univ. Bel
Bel Horizonte:
Horizonte:
Gustavo
Gustavo Cancado
Cancado
Ado
Ado Jorio
Jorio

Argonne
l. Lab:
Argonne Nat
Natl.
Lab:
Hayk
Hayk Harutyunyan
Harutyunyan
UC
UC Berkeley:
Berkeley:
Stefano
Stefano Palomba
Palomba
Zeiss:
Zeiss:
Pascal
Pascal Anger
Anger
Matthias
Matthias Danckwerts
Danckwerts

Univ.
nster:
Univ. of
of M
Mnster:
Christiane
ppener
Christiane H
Hppener

Weizmann
Weizmann Institute:
Institute:
Ernesto
Ernesto Joselevich
Joselevich

LMU
LMU Munich:
Munich:
Achim
Achim Hartschuh
Hartschuh

ICFO:
ICFO:
Jan
Jan Renger
Renger
Giorgio
Giorgio Volpe
Volpe
Romain
Romain Quidant
Quidant
Niek
Niek van
van Hulst
Hulst

Univ.
Univ. of
of Burgundy:
Burgundy:
Alexandre
Alexandre Bouhelier
Bouhelier

OUTLINE
PART 1:
- INTRODUCTION
PART 2:
- NANOPARTICLE ANTENNAS
PART 3:
- ELECTRO
-OPTICAL ANTENNAS
ELECTRO-OPTICAL
PART 4:
- CONCLUSIONS

e-

h+

antenna

e-

h+

hh

ANTENNA-COUPLED INTERACTIONS

e-

h+
photoemission

Nature 455, 887 (2008)

e-

h+
photodetection

eh+
spectroscopy

OPTICAL ANTENNA
A device designed to enhance the
local light-matter interaction

Adv. Opt. Photon. 1, 438 (2009)

ANTENNA APERTURE

receiver

Received power :

using

and

Field in absence of antenna

Intensity enhancement
factor !
www.nanowww.nano-optics.org

EXAMPLE: PHOTODETECTION

II

www.nano-optics.org

A
A

II

aa

aa
II

REDUCING CELL SIZE

WITH
OPTICAL ANTENNAS

-> lower dark current

-> higher open circuit voltage

i
-> reduced carrier recombination
-> higher efficiency
-> lower cost

c.f. H. A. Atwater and A. Polman, Nature Materials 9, 205 (2010)

www.nano-optics.org

RADIOWAVE ANTENNAS

 BLONDEL
ANDRE

www.nano-optics.org

A PROTOTYPE OPTICAL ANTENNA

antenna
SiO2

Au
molecule

receiver

Adv. Opt. Photon. 1, 438 (2009)

ENHANCED PHOTOEMISSION

Antenna aperture increased by 8x

Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 113002 (2006)

ANTENNA
EFFICIENCY

emission = e [1-nr/]

Opt. Exp. 15, 14266 (2007)

qa

15
nm
15nm

Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 017402 (2012)

SELF-SIMILAR ANTENNAS

ELECTRO
-OPTICAL TRANSDUCTION
ELECTRO-OPTICAL

ee--

ee--

www.nano-optics.org

MONOCRYSTALLINE GOLD NANORODS

www.nano-optics.org

PLASMONS ON NANOWIRE

Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 226802 (2011)

TOP-DOWN FABRICATION OF
OPTICAL ANTENNAS

Physics Today, July (2011)

ELECTRO
OPTICAL TRANSDUCTION
ELECTROOPTICAL
VB

ee--

VB (t) = Vo ( 1 + 0.1 sin st sin ct )

demodulated signal

photons / sec

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0

10

20

30

time (sec)

40

50

10 15 20 25
time (sec)

SUMMARY

1) ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SUBWAVELENGTH

CONTROL OF OPTICAL FIELDS
2) IMPROVED SNR, SPEED, QUANTUM YIELD IN
PHOTODETECTION
3) ENHANCED AND DIRECTIONAL PHOTOEMISSION
4) NANOSPECTROSCOPY OF MATERIAL SURFACES

Rep. Prog. Opt. 50, 137-180 (2007)

IEEE ANTENNA DEFINITION

A means for radiating or

receiving radio waves
(IEEE Std 145-1983)

OPTICAL ANTENNA DESIGN

a

Principles of Nano-Optics, 2nded. (2012)

BOTTOM-UP SYNTHESIS OF
BOTTOM-UP
OPTICAL ANTENNAS

www.nanowww.nano-optics.org

PROBLEM STATEMENT
-> coupled system of 3 entities

antenna
receiver/transmitter
(molecule, ion, quantum dot, ..)

radiation

www.nanowww.nano-optics.org

ELECTRICAL EXCITATION OF
SURFACE PLASMONS

photon map

PRL 106, 226802 (2011)