Abutment PDF

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Detailed Engineering Design of Chargahawa River Bridge
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
B.
Design of Substructure
1.0 Design Data:

1.1. Materials and its Properties:
Concrete:
Reinforcement:
M20
Fe415
Basic Permissible Stresses of Concrete as per IRC : 21-2000:

Permissible direct compressive stress, co
=
Permissible flexural compressive stress, c
=
Maximum Permissible shear stress, max
5.0 Mpa
6.67 Mpa
1.8 N/mm2
Basic Permissible Stresses of Reinforcing Bars as per IRC : 21-2000:

Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, st
=
200 N/mm2
Permissible direct compressive stress, co
170 N/mm2
Design of Data:
Modular Ratio
=
Neutral axis depth factor, n = (mc)/( mc+st) =
Lever arm factor, j = (1-n/3)
=
Moment of resistance coefficient, R = x n x j x c =
Unit weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:
Concrete (cement-Reinforced)
=
Macadam (binder premix)
=
Water
=
Backfill
=
1.2. Geometrical Properties:
Effective Span of Bridge Deck =
Total length of each Span =
Angle of internal friction of backfill
Approach slab
Length, L
Width, B
Depth, D
Size of bearing
Length
Width
Thickness
High Flood Level, HFL
Mean scour depth from HFL
Lowest Bed Level
Bottom level of abutment
Clearance above HFL
Top level of abutment
Depth of superstructure
Total height of abutment
h1 =
4.59 m
h2 =
0.26 m
Unique Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd
10.98
0.268
0.911
0.814
2.4
t/m3
2.2
t/m4
1.0
t/m5
1.92
t/m6
18.0 m
18.60 m
29 degree
3.5 m
7m
0.26 m
400 mm
250 mm
50 mm
1002.15 m
3.28 m
997 m
999.600 m
0.9 m
1003.00 m
1.4 m
Fig.20
4.85 m
b1 =
b2 =
1m
0m
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For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
h3 =
h4 =
h5 =
h6 =
b3 =
b4 =
b5 =
b6 =
b7 =
1.45 m
0.4 m
3.00 m
0.05 m
Cap overhang,
Min. length of cap =
Length of abutment shaft =
0.25 m
0.55 m
0.9 m
0.35 m
0.15 m
m
6.9 m
7.2
1.3. Calculation of weight and C.G. of the abutment stem

Elements Area, Ai
(m2)
P1
3.00
Weight (t)
Xi (m)
Yi (m)
AiXi
AiYi
49.68
0.5
1.50
1.50
4.50
P2
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
P3
P4
0.46
0.3625
3.82
7.95
6.00
63.63
0.58
0.125
3.20
4.12
0.26
0.05
1.47
1.50
7.47
C.G. from back of abutment, x =

e=
Moment about back face =
1.81
0.473
from bottom of abutment, y =
0.125 m
30.13 t-m
1.954
1.4. Calculation of Loads and Moments

Due to Dead Load
=
81.08 t
Dead load from superstructure,
=
4.05 t
Weight of bearings, expansion joint etc.
Total dead load from superstructure on each abutment, PDL =
85.14 t
=
0.6 m
Distance of bearing center from back of abutment
Eccentricity of DL & LL from superstructure acting through bearing,
e=
0.125 m
Moment due to DL of superstructure about CG of abutment =
10.64 t-m
Due to Live Load

Live load from superstructure:
Due to IRC Class A wheel load, in longitudinal direction,
11.4 t
11.4 t
6.8 t
6.8 t
6.8 t
6.8 t
Fig. 21
Max. LL on abutment from right side
impact factor
Max LL including Impact, PLL
= (11.4*18+11.4*16.8+6.8*12.5+6.8*9.5+6.8*6.5+6.8*3.5)/18
=
68.26 t
=
1.188
=
81.06 t
Moment due to eccentric load
10.13 t-m
In transverse direction, eccentricity of load

Moment due to live load
=
=
0.25 m
20.26 t-m
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For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Due to IRC Class AA Tracked Vehicle, in longitudinal direction,

70 t
Fig. 22
impact factor
= 70x(20-1.8)/20
=
=
=
63.70 t
1.10
70.07 t
8.76 t-m

=
=
0.35 m
24.52 t-m
Due to IRC Class AA Wheeled Vehicle, in longitudinal direction,

20 t
20 t
Fig. 23

impact factor
= 20+20x14.8/20
=
=
=
34.80 t
1.188
41.33 t
5.17 t-m

=
=
0.35 m
14.46 t-m
Due to Earth Pressure

= 0.5sh1
tan2(45o-/2)t
Horizontal force due to earth pressure
=
Which acts at a distance from abutment base = 0.42xh1 =
Magnitude of surcharge, q = 1.2xs
=
2
48.42 t
1.93 m
2.304 t/m2
Horizontal force due to surcharge = qxh1xtan (45-/2)xt =
25.32 t/m2
Which acts at a distance from abutment base = h1/2
2.295 m
Weight of backfill behind the abutment resting on foundation =

Moment due to earth pressure about abutment base
0.0 t
151.45 t-m
Due to Temperature Variation

Maximum temperature variation, T
=
25
Coefficient of thermal expansion,
=
1.17E-05
Max. Elongation ,
=
4.68
Shear Mdulus of bearing material, G
=
1.00
Depth of bearing
=
50.00
Longitudinal force / bearing
=
1.053
The total resistance offered by bearing =
=
3.159
Unbalanced force at the bearing
=
This force acts at the bearing level, i.e. at a distance from pier base =
Moment due to temperature variation
=
10.90
C
/m/oC
mm
Mpa
mm
t
t
3.16 t
3.45 m
t-m
Due to Braking Effect

Effect due to class A loading = 0.2x70
14 t
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For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
This acts at distance above deck level
1.2 m
And at a distance from abutment base
6.05 m
Moment due to braking about abutment base
84.70 t-m
Due to Seismic force

Description
Total Load Seismic Lever arm (m)
(t)
Load (t)
Superstructure DL
85.14
8.51
4.15
Abutment shaft P1
49.68
4.97
1.50
Abutment shaft P2
0.00
0.00
1.00
Abutment shaft P3
7.95
0.79
3.00
Abutment shaft P4
6.00
0.60
4.12
Approach slab
15.288
1.53
4.72
Backfill
0
0.00
2.29
Total
164.06
16.41
Moment (t-m)
35.33
7.45
0.00
2.38
2.48
7.22
0.00
54.86
Summary of Loads and Moments

The summary of loads and moments are tabulated below. The transverse forces and moments are
not considered, since it would not be critical due to high moment of inertia of abutment. Therefore
stresses are checked in longitudinal direction only.
Description
Superstructure DL
LL including Impact
Self wt. of abutment
Braking effect
Temperature
Earth Pressure
Sub Total
Seismic Force
Total
Vertical load (t)

85.14
81.06
63.63
Horizontal force (t)
Moment (t-m)
10.64
10.13
0.00
84.70
10.90
151.45
267.83
54.86
322.69
14
3.16
73.74
90.90
16.41
107.31
229.82
229.82
As per standard design practice, design of abutment would be carried out for case A, and checked
for case B, as given below.
Case
Vertical load (t)
Horizontal force (t)
Moment (t-m)
A: (N+T)
229.82
90.90
267.83
B: (N+T+S)
229.82
107.31
322.69
Design of abutment stem section

Abutment section will be designed for case A and the section adequacy will be checked for case B.
Design vertical load
=
229.82 t
Design moment
=
267.83 t-m
Depth of section required =
M
Rb
Clear cover to reinforcement =

Effective depth provided =
691 mm
75
mm
910
mm
st
<
910
O.K.
M
=
j d
Page 4

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Area of steel required for tension, Ast =

38
Provide
mm2 and spacing
nos. of
16
Provide
area of steel, Ast =
mm bars @
25
182
st
M
=
j d
16160 mm2
mm bars giving area of steel =
18653
mm c/c.
150
mm c/c at the front side of the abutment, giving
9651 mm2. Provided nos of bars =
90.90 t
Design horizontal force =
Corresponding shear stress, v =
0.14 N/mm2
0.30 %
Percentage area of tension steel, 100Ast/bd =
Shear strength increment factor = 1+5P/(Agxfck) = 1.083 < 1.5
> v
Design shear strength of concrete, c =
0.26
O.K.
48
O.K.
Check for shear at the bottom of the abutment cap.

17.16 t
Total horizontal force at the bottom of the cap =
=
1000
mm
Depth of abutment
=
893
mm
Effective depth, d
<
t
Corresponding shear stress, v =
0.03
O.K.
c
Tension reinforcement required at different level along the height of abutments.
At
1.93
m above base of abutment
Load Type
Lever arm (m)
Moment
Load (t)
DL of Superstructure
85.14
0.125
10.64
Live load (LL)
81.06
0.125
10.13
Breaking load
14
4.12
57.68
Temperature load
3.16
1.52
4.80
Earth Pressure
16.26
1.12
18.17
Surcharge
14.67
1.33
19.51
Total
120.94
Overall depth of abutment =
1000
mm
Effective depth of abutment =
893 mm
Area of tension reinforcement req. =
7436 mm2
Provide
23
numbers
25
mm bars and
0 numbers
11290
mm2
20
mm bars, giving area of steel =
Actual point of curtailment =
3.08
m from base of abutment.
NO CURTAILMENT IS DONE
Rear side Reinforcement

Provide 16 mm bars @ 150 mm c/c at rear side of the abutment.
Check for stresses for case B
Bending Moment =
322.69 t-m
Stress in steel =
208.75 N/mm2 <
300
O.K.
Horizontal force =
107.31 t
0.17
N/mm2 < 0.45
Corresponding shear stress =
O.K.
Design of abutment cap:

Vertical reaction due to
Page 5

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Dead load, PDL/3
28.38 t
Live load including impact, PLL/3

=
27.02 t
=
55.40 t
Total vertical reaction
Providing minimum area of steel @ 1% assuming cap thickness 225 mm, area of steel required /m
of cap = 2250 mm2 (for both top and bottom layer).
Provide 16 mm bars @ 150 mm c/c, at both top and bottom layers in both ways, giving area of
steel, Ast = 2680 mm2.
As per IRC:78-2000, clause 710.10.4 the two layers of mesh reinforcement, one at 20 mm from
top and the other at 100 mm from top of abutment cap each consisting of 8 mm bars @ 100 mm
c/c in both directions, shall be provided directly under the bearings.
Check for bearing stresses
The allowable bearing pressure with nearly uniform distribution on the loaded area of a footing or
base under a bearing or column shall be given by following equation,
C=
A1
A2
C0 =
6.25 MPa, permissible direct compressive stress in concrete
0.52 m2, dispersed largest concentric area similar to A2
A1 =
0.1 m2, loaded area
A2 =
Therefore, 1/2 = 5.2
>2
8.84 Mpa
And, C =
Actual compressive stress =
5.54
< C
O.K.
Design of Backwall:
2
2
o
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5s(h3- h2) tan (45 -/2) =
0.4998 m
Which acts at a distance from backwall base =
Magnitude of surcharge, q =
2.304
t/m2
Horizontal force due to surcharge = q(h3-h2)tan2(45o-/2)
=
Which acts at a distance from backwall base = 0.595
m
Self weight of backwall /m width = 0.714
t/m
Live load on back wall considering class AA loading =
10
t
This acts at a distance from backwall toe =
0.125 m
0.47 t/m
0.95 t/m
Moment due to earth pressure about backwall base=

0.80 t-m/m
Moment due to self weight and LL
=
1.34 t-m/m
Total Moment =
2.14 t-m/m
Effective depth of backwall
=
194 mm
Area of steel required, Ast
=
606 mm2
Provide 12 mm bars @ 150 mm c/c, giving area of steel, Ast = 753 mm2. And provide 10 mm
bars @ 200 mm c/c as distribution bar.
Design of Return wall:

Return wall will be monolithic with the backwall. They are joined together through 30 cm x 30 cm fillets.
The load acting on the wing walls would be earth pressure and is designed to withstand a live load
equivalent to surcharge of 1.2 m height of earth fill according to IRC:78-2000.
Page 6

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
h1 =
h2 =
h3 =
h4 =
b1 =
1.65 m
1.2 m
1.30 m
0.4 m
2.25 m
Thickness of return wall assumed =
250 mm
Average value of earth pressure = 0.5s(h1/2+h2/2+1.2)

=
1.84 t
Acting at a distance from wing wall bottom
Moment due to earth pressure
Depth required
Effective depth provided
Area of steel required
tan (45 -/2)
=
=
=
0.7125 m
3.68 t-m/m
178 mm
194 mm
1369 mm2
<
Provided O.K.
Provide
16
mm f bars @
150
mm c/c, giving area of steel, Ast =
1910
mm bars @ 150
mm2. And provide
12
mm c/c as distribution bar in vertical
direction. In the fillet at the joint provide nominal reinforcement of 10 mm bars @ 200 mm c/c.
The wing wall would be properly anchored to the abutment, backwall and cap.
Design of Approach Slab:
The approach slab is resting over the abutment and the other end supported by the soil underneath.
It should be designed on the basis of elastic base theory, which is complicated. Hence the
dimensions and reinforcement is provided as per the standard design practice.
Self weight /m width
0.624
=
t/m
Weight of pavement
0.176
=
t/m
Maximum live load
11.44
=
t/m2
Total udl
t/m
=
12.24
Assuming maximum cavitation of 1.2m behind the abutment,
Maximum bending moment =
22.03 kN-m/m
Effective depth of slab required =
164 mm
212 mm
Area of steel required =
751 mm2
mm bars @
Provide
16
150
mm c/c both top and bottom, in both direction
Provided area of steel, Ast =
1340
mm2.
Maximum shear force =
73.4 kN/m
Shear stress
0.35
=
N/mm2
Percentage area of steel =
0.63
%
Permissible shear stress =
N/mm2 > actual shear stress O.K.
0.365
Design of RCC Stoppers:
Base width of sttoper, b1 =
Top width of sttoper, b2 =
Height above abutment cap, h1 =
Length of sttoper, l =
0.4
0.3
0.45
0.8
m
m
m
m
Horizontal force acting on the stopper above pier cap @ 10% of vertical load= 7.94 t
11.92
Friction resistance
=
t
However as additional factor of safety, assuming an extra lateral force in excess of frictional
resistance taking R = 0.20 in worst case, Fs =
15.89 t
3.97 t
Difference
=
Page 7

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Moment at the base of stopper =

1.79 t-m
166 mm
Effective depth required =
342 mm
287 mm2
Area of steel required =
Provide 12 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c. Area of steel provided = 716 mm2
=
N/mm2
Max. Shear stress, tv
0.15
%
Percentage area of steel provided, p = 0.26
N/mm2 >
tv
Permissible minimum shear strength of concrete =0.226
Provide nominal shear reinforcement of 8 mm bars @ 100 mm c/c.
Design of abutment footing (Piles)
4.2 Geometrical Properties:
High Flood Level, HFL =
Maximum depth of scour from HFL =
Elevation of maximum scour level (MSL) =
Max. Water depth in the river =
Water depth near the abutment =
Proportionate scour depth near the abutment
Elevation of MSL near abutment =
Lowest Bed Level =
Elevation of top of foundation base =
Bottom level of foundation =
h1
h2
h3
h4
h5
=
=
=
=
=
4.59
0.26
1.45
0.4
3.00
O.K.
1002.2 m
3.28 m
998.87 m
3.28 m
3.280 m
3.280 m
998.87 m
997 m
999.600 m
998.500 m
m
m
m
m
m
CL of Bearing
HFL
MSL
2
LBL
h6 =
HFL above MSL, h7 =
HFL above min. bed level h8 =
0.05 m
3.28 m
5.15 m
MSL below min. bed level, h9 =

Top of foundation base below MSL, h10 =
Depth of pile cap, h11 =
-1.87 m
-0.73 m
1.1 m
Page 8

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
b1 =
b3 =
1.0 m
0.25 m
b4 =
0.55 m
b5 =
0.9 m
b6 =
0.35 m
b7
b8
b9
b10
b11
b12
=
=
=
=
=
=
Foundation base length, b13 =
0.15
0.4
3.5
3.1
1
3.1
m
m
m
m
m
m
7.2 m
Abutment base length

Foundation projection beyond abutment stem
Total width of foundation
Angle of internal friction of soil
Safe bearing capacity of soil
Load bearing capacity of pile
=
Numbers of piles along longitudinal dirrection =
Numbers of piles along transverse dirrection =
Total numbers of piles
=
Diameter of piles
=
Length of piles
=
Soil Type :
Clayey Silt
Determination of depth of fixity of piles:

Unconfined compressive strength, S =
Modulus of subgrade reaction, K =
Lf/d
Therefore,
and, depth of fixity,
Lf
6.9
0.15
7.2
29
0
m
m
m
degree
t/m2
40 t
4
4
m
m
16
700 mm
16 m
0.46 kg/cm2
13.2 kg/cm2
=
4.9
from figure 1 and 2.

m
Calculation of vertical load on foundation base

Due to Dead Load
Superstructure
85.14 t
=
Backwall
6.00 t
=
Abutment cap
7.95 t
=
Abutment shaft
49.68 t
=
Soil behind abutment
196.70 t
=
Approach slab
15.29 t
=
Soil in front of abutment =
0.00 t
Total =
360.76 t
Due to Live Load
Maximum live load including impact =
81.06 t
Due to self weight of foundation base =
Loss in weight due to Buoyancy

Depth of abutment shaft below HFL
Abutment width at HFL
Loss in weight of abutment shaft
Loss in weight of soil behind abutment
Loss in weight of soil in front of abutment
136.86 t
2.55 m
1.000 m
17.59 t
56.92 t
0.00 t
Page 9

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Total buoyant force on abutment
78.06 t
Buoyant force on foundation base
57.02 t
166.19 t
Calculation of Moments at Foundation Base Level

Due to superstructure DL+LL
Total superstructure DL+LL
Eccentricity of load about pile cap transverse axis
Corresponding moment
Superstructure DL
Moment at foundation toe due to DL
=
=
=
=
0m
0.00 t-m
85.14 t
0.00 t-m
Due to Abutment + Soil filling DL

A. Maximum Load Condition
i) Due to abutment body
=
63.63 t
Load
=
-0.13 m
Lever arm
=
-7.95 t-m
Moment
ii) Due to Backfill and approach slab
=
196.70 t
Load
=
-2.1 m
Lever arm
=
-413.07 t-m
Moment
iii) Due to soil fill in front of abutment
=
0.00 t
Load
=
2m
Lever arm
=
0.00 t-m
Moment
Total moment due to abutment + soil filling DL =
-421.03
t-m
B. No LL + Buoyancy Condition
i) Due to abutment body
=
85.14 t
Load
=
-0.13 m
Lever arm
=
-10.64 t-m
Moment
ii) Due to Backfill and approach slab
=
133.93 t
Load
=
-2.1 m
Lever arm
Moment
=
-281.25 t-m
iii) Due to soil fill in front of abutment
=
0.00
Load
=
1.55
Lever arm
=
0.00
Moment
Total moment due to abutment + soil filling DL =
-291.89
t-m
Due to Earth Pressure

Earth pressure
Lever arm
Surcharge
Lever arm
Total Moment
=
=
=
48.42 t
3.03 m
25.32 t
3.395 m
232.57 t-m
Page 10

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Due to Longitudinal forces:

a) Due to tractive effort or braking
Which acts at a distance above foundation bottom
Moment due to tractive effort or braking about foundation base
b) Force due to resistance in bearings due to temperature

Which acts at a distance above foundation bottom
Moment due to tractive effort or braking about foundation base
=
=
=
=
=
=
14
6.05
84.70
3.16
3.4
10.90
Due to Seismic Forces:

A. Along longitudinal direction for maximum load condition
Load (t)
Description
Seismic Load (t) Lever arm
85.14 8.51
4.15
Superstructure DL
Abutment shaft P1
49.68 4.97
1.50
Abutment shaft P2
0.00 0.00
1.00
Abutment shaft P3
7.95 0.79
3.00
Abutment shaft P4
6.00 0.60
4.12
Approach slab
15.29 1.53
4.72
Backfill
196.70
19.67
2.1
Total
360.76
36.08
B. Case of buoyancy and no live load
t
m
t-m
t
m
t-m
Moment (t-m)
35.33
7.45
0.00
2.38
2.48
7.22
41.31
96.17
The seismic load will be lesser than that for N+T case due to submerged part of the sub structure which
will be under buoyancy.
Description
Superstructure DL
Abutment shaft P1 above HFL
Abutment shaft P1 below HFL
Abutment shaft P2 above HFL
Abutment shaft P2 below HFL
Abutment Cap P3
Abutment backwall P4
Approach slab
Backfill above HFL
Backfill below HFL
Total
Load (t)
85.14
7.45
24.63
3.73
0.00
7.95
6.26
15.29
109.28
79.68
339.41
Seismic Load (t)
8.51
0.75
2.46
0.37
0.00
0.79
0.63
1.53
10.93
7.97
33.94
Lever arm (m)
4.15
3.875
2.375
3.80
#DIV/0!
3
4.125
4.72
4.67
2.375
Moment
(t-m)
35.33
2.89
5.85
1.42
#DIV/0!
2.38
2.58
7.22
51.03
18.92
#DIV/0!
Summary of Moments and Forces

Vertical Loads
Case I
Case II
Case III
Max.
Buoyancy+No LL
Case I + Seismicity
Load
360.76
DL from superstructure + abutment
282.70
360.76
136.86
DL of foundation base
79.83
136.86
81.06 Live load
81.06
578.67
Total
362.53
578.67
Horizontal Forces
Description
Description
Earth Pressure
Tractive effort or braking
Case I
Case II
Case III
Max.
Buoyancy+No LL
Case I + Seismicity
Load
73.74
73.74
73.74
14
14
Page 11

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
3.16
90.90
Temperature effect
Seismic Force
Total
3.16
3.16
40.41
131.31
76.90
Resulting Moments
Description
Superstructure DL+LL
Abutment +Soil filling DL
Earth pressure
Tractive effort or braking
Temperature effect
Seismic force
Total
Case I
Max.
-291.89
-421.03
232.57
84.70
10.90
-384.75
Case II
Buoyancy+No LL
0.00
-291.89
232.57
-59.32
Case III
Case I + Seismicity
-291.89
-421.03
232.57
84.70
10.90
171.28
-213.47
Summary of loads
Cases
Unit
T
T
t-m
Vertical
Horizontal
Moment
Case I
Case II
Max. Load
Buoyancy+No LL
80.37
50.35
12.62
10.68
-53.44
-8.24
Case III
Case I + Seismicity
80.37
18.24
-29.65
Case: I
Deducting the bearing capacity of pile cap as a open footing, vertical loads to be taken by piles
=
80.37 t
Loads on each pile due to vertical load
=
=
5.02 t
12.62 t
Axial load on extreme pile due to moment

Axial load on second row of pile due to moment =
=
Resultant compressive force on extreme pile
Resultant tensile force on extreme pile
=
Resultant compressive force on second row of pile=
Coefficient of friction between concrete and clay =
=
Friction resistance of cap
Horizontal force on each pile
=
Moment on each piles =
4.02 t
21.67 t
<
40.00
t O.K.
0.00 t
<
40.00
t O.K.
17.34 t
0.20
0.00 t
11.17 t
54.72 t-m
Design of piles:
Length of pile, L
=
16 m
Diameter of pile, D =
0.7 m
L/D
=
22.86 > 12 Hence the pile is designed as long column.
Least radious of gyration, r
=
17.5 cm
Reduction coefficient for reduction of stress values is given as,
cr
= (1.25-L/48B) =
Safe stress are,

Permissible direct compressive stress, co =
Permissible flexural compressive stress, co =
Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, st =
Maximum compressive stress in concrete =
0.774
3.87
5.16
154.76
1.50
N/mm2
N/mm2
Mpa
(in steel)
N/mm2 <
3.869
N/mm2
Page 12

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
Provide minimum area of compression steel @

Asc
4811
15
nos. of
Provide
Check for combined stress:
Percentage area of steel provided, pt
p/fck
d'/D
25
1.25
2.400
0.120
0.091
0.088
Pu/fckD2
Mu/fckD3
Mu
82.32 t-m
M
=
Working moment,
Shear stress due to horizontal force =
Permissible shear strength of concrete =
54.88 t-m
From chart,
and
>
54.72
t-m O.K.
0.29 N/mm2
0.45 N/mm2 O.K.
27.49 t
65.07 t <
90.00 t O.K.
0.00 t <
90.00 t O.K.
=
6.18 t
30.27 t-m
Pu/fckD2
0.100
Mu/fckD3
0.106
Mu
72.72 t-m
M
=
Working moment,
Shear stress due to horizontal force =
Permissible shear strength of concrete =
48.48 t-m
and
7363
0.12
Case: C
Axial load on extreme pile due to moment
Resultant compressive force
Resultant tensile force
Horizontal force on each piles =
Moment on each piles =
From chart,
%.
mm2
mm bars, giving area of steel =
>
30.27
t-m O.K.
0.16 N/mm2
0.56 N/mm2
O.K.
Lateral Reinforcement:
Lateral reinforcement should be 0.2% of the gross volume. Using dia. 10 mm ties,
145577 mm3
we have the volume of one tie =
If p be the pitch of the ties in mm, then
Volume of pile per pitch length =
384845 p
Hence equating, we get, p
Hence provide dia
10
=
mm ties at
189 mm
160
mm c/c in the main body of the pile.
Design of Pile Cap:

Maximum bending moment in the pile cap due to vertical load,
At center of cap
=
312.91 t-m
375.77 t-m
At face of abutment =
=
233.3 t-m
Bending moment due to moment on steam
609.0 t-m
Maximum bending moment =
The effective depth required is given by,
dreq =
999
mm
Adopt
1030
mm effective depth and overall depth =
1100 mm
32466 mm2
Area of steel required along width of cap =
Using
25
mm dia. bars, spacing would be
113 mm
Provede
25
mm dia bars @
120
mm c/c, provided area =
33469 mm2
at both top and bottom.
Distribution reinforcement @ 0.12% =
9900 mm2
20
mm dia bars @
150
mm c/c, giving area of stee = 15708 mm2.
Provide
Page 13

For evaluation
Calculation only.
VOLUMN-III
413.23 t
Shear force =
Shear stress, tv =
0.53 N/mm2
Percentage area of steel, pt
=
Permissible shear strength of concrete, tc =
Shear reinforement is required.
Assuming
10
mm dia
20
And spacing of stirrups, S =
163
mm
Maximum spacing of stirrups,

Provide
10
mm dia
189 mm
legged vertical tirrups @
=
4
0.43
0.28
N/mm2
<
tv
legged vertical tirrups, then Asv =
160
1571 mm2
mm c/c.
Check for punching shear along pier,

269.49 t
Shear force =
20.32 m
bo =
tv =
0.13 N/mm2
Punching shear strength, tc =

0.716
Check for punching shear along pile,
57.69 t
Shear force =
bo =
5435.0 m
tv =
N/mm2
>
tv
Safe.
N/mm2
>
tv
Safe.
0.10 N/mm2
Punching shear strength, tc =
0.72
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1.0 Design Data:

Basic Permissible Stresses of Concrete as per IRC : 21-2000:

Basic Permissible Stresses of Reinforcing Bars as per IRC : 21-2000:

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1.3. Calculation of weight and C.G. of the abutment stem

C.G. from back of abutment, x =

1.4. Calculation of Loads and Moments

Moment due to DL of superstructure about CG of abutment =

Due to Live Load

Moment due to eccentric load

In transverse direction, eccentricity of load

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Due to IRC Class AA Tracked Vehicle, in longitudinal direction,

Moment due to eccentric load

In transverse direction, eccentricity of load

Due to IRC Class AA Wheeled Vehicle, in longitudinal direction,

Max. LL on abutment from right side

Moment due to eccentric load

In transverse direction, eccentricity of load

Due to Earth Pressure

Horizontal force due to earth pressure

Horizontal force due to surcharge = qxh1xtan (45-/2)xt =

Which acts at a distance from abutment base = h1/2

Weight of backfill behind the abutment resting on foundation =

Due to Temperature Variation

Due to Braking Effect

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This acts at distance above deck level

And at a distance from abutment base

Moment due to braking about abutment base

Due to Seismic force

Summary of Loads and Moments

Vertical load (t)

Horizontal force (t)

Design of abutment stem section

Clear cover to reinforcement =

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Area of steel required for tension, Ast =

mm bars giving area of steel =

mm c/c at the front side of the abutment, giving

9651 mm2. Provided nos of bars =

Check for shear at the bottom of the abutment cap.

Rear side Reinforcement

Design of abutment cap:

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Dead load, PDL/3

Live load including impact, PLL/3

Moment due to earth pressure about backwall base=

Design of Return wall:

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Average value of earth pressure = 0.5s(h1/2+h2/2+1.2)

tan (45 -/2)

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Moment at the base of stopper =

MSL below min. bed level, h9 =