Xng sinh hc trong ting Anh c gi l gasohol hoc biogasoline

phn bit vi gasoline (xng thng thng), c to ra bng cch phi

trn cn sinh hc ethanol khan (anhydrous ethanol) vi xng thng
thng theo mt t l nht nh, trong xng E5 gm 5% ethanol v
95% xng thng thng, cn xng E10 c 10% ethanol. Xng sinh hc
t E5 n E25 c gi l hn hp ethanol thp, t E30 n E85 l hn
hp ethanol cao. E100 l Ethanol nguyn cht sau khi sn xut.
Gi l xng sinh hc v cn sinh hc ethanol (cn gi l ru ng cc
hay ru ethyl, ru tylic, cng thc ha hc l C2H5OH) dng phi
trn xng c ch bin thng qua qu trnh ln men cc sn phm hu
c nh tinh bt, cellulose, lignocellulose, thng l t cc loi ng cc
nh ng, la m, u tng hoc t v cy, b ma,... Ethanol tht ra
khng xa l g vi con ngi v n l mt loi ru trong nhm ru
ethyl, khi chng ct v pha long vi nng cn thp th c th ung
c. Ethanol thu c sau qu trnh chng ct ng cc ln men c
dng hn hp gm nc v ethanol, cn phi tch nc ly ethanol
khan trc khi trn vi xng. Cng c th dng ethanol cha khan nc
(hydrous ethanol) nhng ch cho cc loi ng c xe c ch to tng
thch.
Ethanol c trn vo xng c vai tr nh mt loi ph gia nhin liu
pha trn vo xng thay ph gia ch. Ethanol hay ch hoc cc ph gia
khc c trn vo xng tng ch s octane v gip ng c c th
hot ng c tt hn, bn hn. Xng c nn trong xi-lanh ng c
xe t v xe my trc khi t, xng cng c nn mnh th ng c
cng d t cng sut cao, tuy nhin nu nn mnh qu m cha kp
t th xng c th t kch n v bc chy, gy hi cho ng c. Ch s
octane (RON - Research Octane Number) va gip nn xng tt hn va
gip tng kh nng chng t kch n ca xng, do ngnh cng
nghip xng lun tm kim cc ph gia gia tng ch s octane cho
xng.
Tuy nhin, ethanol khng ging vi cc ph gia khc ch bn thn n
c th c xem nh mt loi nhin liu, vi ch s octane ln ti 109
(xng thng thng cha trn ph gia c ch s octane khong 70, xng
A92 c RON l 92), v l thuyt c th thay th hon ton xng thng
thng, tuy nhin ng c phi c thit k ph hp vi loi nhin liu
ny. Tn gi gasohol cng dng ch xng pha cn t l thp v khng
phi l nhin liu thay th. Cc hn hp t E85 tr ln mi c coi l
nhin liu thay th.
Hin ti, xng sinh hc c t l ethanol cao nht l 85%. Cc loi xe c
th s dng xng E85 c gi l flex fuel vehicles (FFVs) xe nhin liu
hn hp, hoc c th gi l t nhin liu hn hp do cc ng c loi
ny thng thy trn t. Nhng cm bin v chng trnh c bit
trong my tnh ca ng c s kim sot lng cn trong nhin liu v
iu chnh t l phun nhin liu sao cho ph hp. Xe ny c th chy cc
loi xng t E5-E85, ngoi tr cc thay i trong h thng ng c v
cch x l nhin liu th xe ny khng khc g cc xe chy xng thng

thng khc. Dng xe chy xng ethanol thun ty (neat ethanol

vehicle) E100 hoc ethanol cha khan nc cng c, nhng him hn.
Ethanol c sn xut nh th no?
Qu trnh ch xut ethanol cng tng t nh mt s loi nhin liu sinh
hc (biofuels) khc nh du sinh hc (biodiesel), kh sinh hc (biogas),
c ch xut t cht bo ca ng thc vt (m ng vt, du da,...),
cht thi trong nng nghip (rm r, phn,...), sn phm thi trong cng
nghip (mn ca, g thi...). Theo ti liu v cc yu t k thut ca
ethanol do i hc Princeton (M) cng b, vic sn xut gasohol i hi
s kt hp ca mt s yu t, hai trong s l vn thit b chng
cht ethanol v ngun nguyn liu chng ct. Mc d ethanol c th
c sn xut t bt k ngun nguyn liu no c kh nng chit tch
c mc ng thch hp, cng ngh sn xut ethanol ch yu vn
da trn ng v tinh bt nguyn liu.
Nguyn liu thch hp sn xut ethanol bao gm ng, la m, cao
lng, ma, c ci ng, cao lng ngt, c cc vu (cn gi l atis
Jerusalem). y u l nhng loi thc vt c hm lng ng t nhin
cao. Tuy nhin, khng c loi nguyn liu "tt nht" cho vic sn xut
ethanol, v cht lng nguyn liu ph thuc rt nhiu vo loi t v
vng th nhng trng cy.
Ngoi nguyn liu chnh phm ni trn, c th s dng mt s ph
phm nh ng cc thi loi hoc cc cht thi sau qu trnh ch bin
thc phm sn xut ethanol, tuy nhin hm lng ng thu c
rt t. Mt hng i khc l s dng cc nguyn liu c cha cellulose
nh rm r, c, g, b ma, cc loi giy trong cht thi rn th.
Qu trnh iu ch ethanol bao gm bn bc c bn. u tin, cc
nguyn liu c x l chit tch ra mt dung dch ng. Dung dch
ng ny sau c ln men bng nm men hay vi khun, qu trnh
ln men s to ra ethanol v carbon dioxide (kh CO2, c th tn dng
lm nc c gas). Ethanol s c tch ra bng cch chng ct, thu
c mt hn hp dung dch gm ethanol v nc, trong lng
ethanol chim khng qu 95,6% ethanol ( p sut bnh thng) do cc
c tnh vt l ca hn hp ethanol-nc. bc cui cng, ngi ta
phi tch nc ra khi hn hp thu c ethanol khan. iu ny c
thc hin bng cch thm vo dung dch mt cht ha hc lm thay i
tnh cht vt l ca n hoc bng cch chng ct mt ln na.
Nhng th cn li sau khi chit xut xong ethanol gi l b, c cha mt
s nm men cht hoc vi khun, cng cc xc nguyn liu khng phi l
tinh bt hoc ng. Cc nguyn liu t ng cc s c b rt giu
protein nn c th tn dng lm thc n gia sc, cn b thi t ngun
nguyn liu cellulose th t protein hn v khng c gi tr lm thc n.
V mt quy trnh c bn th nh vy, nhng hin nay cng ngh sn
xut ethanol c ci tin rt nhiu, VnReview s c bi vit ring
cp su hn v cc cng ngh sn xut ethanol hin nay.

Xng sinh hc ang c nhng nc no s dng?

Vit Nam va mi c l trnh bt buc s dng xng sinh hc, nhng
thc t loi xng ny c dng kh rng ri nhiu nc trn th
gii t kh lu, thm ch theo Mng Thng tin Khoa hc v Cng ngh
TP.HCM, ethanol c dng chy xe t nhng nm 1930, nhng do gi
du m sau gim nn ethanol khng c ch pht trin. Nhng
nm 1970, cng nghip sn xut ethanol pht trin Brazil v M nn
ethanol s dng trong xe li c quan tm, nhng ch thc s pht
trin trong 10 nm va qua trc nguy c du m cn kit v c nhng
chnh sch h tr ca chnh ph cc nc. Hn 50 nc trn th gii
s dng ethanol pha xng chy xe, dn u l M (trn 90% ethanol
nhin liu c pha xng E10) v Brazil (bt buc s dng E22 n
E25), n s dng ti a E5, Thi Lan bt buc s dng E5, E10 v
E85 c gii thiu t 2008...

Cc nc s dng ph bin xng sinh hc. nh: Cesti.gov.vn

Vi nhng cnh ng ma bt ngn, Brazil sm a ra chng trnh
nhin liu ethanol da trn cy ma ngay t nhng nm 1970 v hin l
nc sn xut ethanol ln th 2 th gii (th nht l M) ng thi l
nc xut khu ethanol ln nht. Brazil cn l nc i u v pht trin

nhin liu sinh hc v c chng trnh s dng nhin liu sinh hc lu

di v thnh cng nht, tr thnh mt hnh mu cho cc nc ang pht
trin khu vc chu M Latinh, vng Carib v chu Phi.
Theo Wikipedia, Brazil cng l nc tng pht trin mnh dng xe ch
chy ethanol thun ty khng pha thm xng v khng cn khan nc
ethanol, vi khong hn 4 triu t v xe ti nh chy bng ethanol
nguyn cht vo cui nhng nm 1980, chim khong 33% lng xe c
gii ca nc ny, nhng sau dng xe ny b hn ch sn xut v
tiu th do mt s yu t. u tin, gi xng du gim mnh do tnh
trng d tha du ca nhng nm 1980. Tip , vic ng la M
phi iu chnh do lm pht a gi du gim t mc trung bnh 78,2
USD/thng vo nm 1981 xung mc 26,8 USD/thng vo nm 1986.
Ngoi ra, vo gia nm 1989, mt t thiu ngun cung cp nhin liu
ethanol trn th trng Brazil khin hng nghn chic xe nm xp
hng di cc trm xng hoc trong garage do ht xng. Thi im ,
chnh ph Brazil c mt s quy nh kh cht ch kim sot gi
xng v ethanol nhin liu, ng thi a ra cc tr cp gi ethanol
khng cao hn 65% gi xng. Khi gi ng tng mnh cc th trng
quc t vo cui nm 1988 v chnh ph khng t hn ngch xut
khu ng, sn xut dch chuyn mnh theo hng sn xut ng
gy ra thiu ht ngun cung ethanol. Khng p ng c nhu cu ca
s xe chy ethanol, chnh ph Brazil bt u nhp khu ethanol t chu
u v chu Phi trong nm 1991. ng thi, chnh ph bt u gim
tr cp ethanol, nh du s khi u ca vic bi b cc quy nh trc
v ngnh cng nghip sn xut ethanol v chm dt chng trnh
nng lng Pro-alcool vn dnh u tin cho xng sinh hc. Xng sinh
hc hin dng ph bin Brazil l E18, E20, E25 v hin khng cn
dng xe chy ethanol nguyn cht na.
M tr thnh nh sn xut nhin liu ethanol ln nht th gii vo nm
2005. Nm 2011, M sn xut c 13,9 t gallon (52,6 t lt) ethanol
vo nm 2011, tng t 13,2 t gallon (49,2 t lt) nm 2010, v tng t
1,63 t gallon vo nm 2000. Brazil v M chim 87,1% sn lng
ethanol ton cu vo nm 2011. Th phn ethanol ca M tng t ch
hn 1% trong nm 2000 ln hn 3% vo nm 2006 v ln 10% nm
2011. Nng lc sn xut trong nc tng ln 15 ln sau nm 1990. Tnh
n thng 12/2011, Hip hi nhin liu ti to RFA thng k c 209
nh my chng ct ethanol ang c vn hnh ti 29 bang ca M,
140 ang c xy dng hoc m rng. Hu ht cc d n ethanol m
rng l nhm mc ch cp nht cng ngh ci thin sn xut
ethanol, nng cao hiu qu nng lng v cht lng ca ngun nguyn
liu.
n nm 2011, hu ht cc xe trn nhng con ng ca M c th
chy bng xng E10, v cc nh sn xut bt u sn xut xe c
thit k ph hp vi t l ethanol cao hn nhiu. n u nm 2013 c
khong 11 triu xe c kh nng chy xng E85 lu thng M, tuy
nhin do ngun cung nhin liu khng p ng c nn hu nh khng
c xng E85. Vo thng 1/2011, C quan Bo v Mi trng Hoa K

(EPA) cp php lu hnh xng E15 nhng ch bn cho cc t hoc

xe ti nh sn xut t nm 2011 tr v sau, tuy nhin khng bt buc
cc trm xng phi cung cp xng E15. Mc d vy, hu ht cc trm
xng khng c my bm cung cp loi xng E15, rt t my bm
xng c chng nhn c th dng bm E15, v khng c xe chuyn
dng lu tr E15, do xng sinh hc ph bin M vn l E10.
Nhng loi xe no chy c xng sinh hc?
Tin tng hp trn Mng Thng tin Khoa hc Cng ngh TP.HCM cho bit:
Theo Hip hi Nhin liu Ti to (RFA), cc loi xe thng thng c th
s dng xng t E0 n E10. Ring xng c hm lng ethanol cao, nh
E85 th ng c xe phi c thit k ph hp. Xe nhin liu linh hot
(FFV- flexible-fuel vehicles) c thit k chy bng mt hay nhiu
loi nhin liu, thng l xng hay xng pha ethanol hm lng cao).
Xu th s dng ethanol trong xe tng nhanh, theo , nhiu mu xe FFV
c cc hng pht trin, mang nhn mc ca cc i gia sn xut xe
hi nh General Motors, Ford, Daimler, Chrysler, Mercury, Mazda, Isuzu,
Mercedes v Nissan... n nm 2009 c 36 mu c sn xut, cc
hng dn u l GM, Chrysler, Ford. Lng xe bn ra cng tng dn tng
nm, n tng nht l hng GM, nm 2005 bn 200.000 chic, 2006:
gn 400.000 chic, 2007: gn 600.000 chic.

S liu xe FFV ca cc hng xe ln trn th gii. nh: Cesti.gov.vn

Tnh ring thng 12/2011, loi FFV c 27,1 triu xe t , xe my v xe
ti nh c bn trn ton th gii, tp trung trong bn th trng: Brazil
(16,3 triu), M (10 triu), Canada (> 600 ngn) v chu u (> 200
ngn). M, a s s dng xng E10, c hn 9 triu ngi s dng FFV
c th s dng xng E10 n E85. Brazil, c 100 chic xe t bn ra
th c ti 80 chic l xe c th chy bng xng ethanol hoc xng pha
ethanol. Tnh n thng 5/2009, Thy in c 300.000 xe FFV, dn u

chu u. Xe FFV pht trin Thy in nh thu thp v ch u xe

min ph, cc xe mi bn ra nm 2008 c 25% l xe FFV, nm 2009 l
35%.
Xng sinh hc c nguy c g cho ng c?
Theo nhiu ngun thng tin trong v ngoi nc, xng sinh hc c t l
phi trn ethanol thp t E2- E10 c th dng cho cc ng c t v
xe my m khng c vn g. PGS.TS. L Anh Tun, Ph Vin trng
Vin C kh ng lc, Trng phng th nghim ng c t trong,
trng H Bch khoa H Ni khng nh: "Vi t l ethanol 5% th vic
s dng xen k E5 v xng thng thng khng c nh hng g n
ng c" (SGGP Online 24/8/2010).
Tuy nhin, cc thng tin v xng sinh hc u cp n kh nng gy
hi cho ng c khi ethanol c nng thp ( tinh khit di 99,5
), vi c tnh ngm nc, c th dn ti hin tng tch lp, nh
hng n qu trnh cung cp nhin liu bnh thng v cht lng lm
vic ca ng c. Ngoi ra, cc loi xng sinh hc c hm lng ethanol
cao hn, t E15 tr ln, u ch c dng trn cc ng c c
iu chnh chy loi xng ny. Cc loi xe thng thng nu s dng
nhin liu xng c hm lng ethanol cao c th gy nh hng n
mt s chi tit kim loi, cao su, nha, polymer ca ng c do ru/cn
c tnh n mn cao.
Theo thng tin c tng hp trong bi "Xng E5 c nh hng g cho
xe ca bn" ng trn VnMedia, th cn sinh ra lng nng lng t hn
34% so vi xng khng pha trn. iu ng ngha vi vic cng
dung tch, xng pha cn s khin bn b "thit" khong 1,2 km hnh
trnh cho mi lt (nu tnh trn xng E10), con s ny s tng ln ti 3,4
km i vi xng E85. Trc y, trong nm 2006, Consumer Report
tng th nghim mt chic bn ti Tahoe vi mc "ht" hnh trnh ln
ti 30km khi chy xng sinh hc E85 so vi xng truyn thng.
Cn ethanol c tnh ht m mnh hn xng rt nhiu. iu ny c th
gy ra hin tng ng nc bn trong bnh xng, v cc b phn khc
nh ch ho kh, kim phun, xy lanh, ng ng dn hay bt c b
phn no c khong trng khng kh. Vic xut hin nc trong h
thng dn xng s lm giy bn trong lc xng thng thng b phng
ln v chn ng chy ca nhin liu ti ng c.
Cn cng s n mn cc bnh xng cu thnh t vt liu si thu tinh,
ng cao su v ng dn bng plastic. N cng tim n nguy c gy r
st do lm ng nc trong nhiu chi tit kim loi. cc ng c
chy xng c mt thi gian di, s hin din ca cn s r cc cn v
r tn ti t trc v chng s lt vo h thng xng, ng c v lm tc
kim phun khi mc xng xung qu thp tr khi c thu thp t trc
.
Do s khc bit v trng lng ring, xng v cn thng c s phn
tch (k c nc ngng t) khin cho t l xng/khng kh tr nn khng

chnh xc c bit l cc dng xe s dng ch ho kh khin hiu sut

ng c b nh hng.
Trang t ca Howstuffwork a ra nhn nh ca Mike Allen thuc tp
ch Popular Mechanics rng: trong iu kin l tng, mt hn hp xngethanol l hon ton chp nhn c. Nhng ngi tiu dng khng th
kim sot nhng iu kin "l tng" , v h khng c cch no bit
c h ang mua nhin liu b nhim. Tt c cc loi xng u
nhy cm vi nhng thay i do thi tit v m, nhng ethanol lm
trm trng thm vn ny. Nng cn cao trong mt bn cha xng
(bt k bn cha no - cc c s sn xut, cc xe bn ch xng i trn
ng cao tc, cc b cha mt trm xng, ngn cha xng trn chic
xe ca bn v thm ch c chic can nha ang trong garage nh
bn) u c ngha l lng cn ny c th hp thu v ngm nc nhiu
hn xng thng thng. Nu hm lng nc ln, ru v nc s
khng cn trng thi tnh m bin nhin liu ca bn thnh mt th
cht lng m xe ca bn khng th s dng. V n c th xy ra bt
k giai on no ca qu trnh vn chuyn, lu tr v s dng. Xe ca
bn c th b h hi khi s dng loi xng b nhim ny.
Xng sinh hc c gip bo v mi trng?
Nghe n cm t "xng sinh hc", chng ta d hnh dung y l mt loi
xng thn thin vi mi trng, gip bo v mi trng.
Trn thc t, ngha ln nht ca xng sinh hc l n gip gim s ph
thuc vo nhin liu ha thch cng nh gim tiu th nhin liu ha
thch. Vi nhng nc phi nhp khu du m th xng sinh hc gip
gim ph thuc ngun du m nc ngoi.
Cc ti liu v xng sinh hc c trong v ngoi nc u khng nh kh
thi t cc ng c s dng xng pha cn t hn so vi cc loi xe s
dng xng du thng thng, vi mc gim lng kh thi carbon
monoxide (CO-kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh) t 20-30%.
Qu trnh sn xut ethanol s sinh ra sn phm ph l kh carbon
dioxide (CO2) v kh ny cn cho s quang hp ca thc vt, do c
th tn dng kh ny pht trin mt s loi cy cng nghip. Chng
hn nh Brazil c d n xy dng nh my nui trng rong bin
st cnh khu vc cc nh my sn xut ethanol t ma ng v s
dng kh CO2 thi ra trong qu trnh sn xut ethanol thc y qu
trnh quang hp ca rong bin, t gim c lng kh thi gy
nhim mi trng.
Sn xut ethanol t cc sn phm nng nghip nh ng, ma ng, sn
lt, khoai m... c th gip to cng n vic lm cho ngi dn, nng cao
gi tr nng sn v gip tng gi nng sn, phn no mang li li ch cho
nng dn.
Tuy nhin, cc ti liu tuyn truyn cho xng sinh hc ang b qua mt
s yu t c th gy hi i vi mi trng:

- S a dng mi trng sinh thi c th b e da khi hng trm ngn

ha t c s dng trng mt th thc vt duy nht, v d nh
nhng cnh ng trng ton ng, ton ma hoc ton sn ch cung
cp nguyn liu sn xut ethanol.
- M rng vng trng nguyn liu c th dn ti vic ph rng ly t
trng trt: nu nh 1 ha t trng ma ch to ethanol cho php
gim 13 tn CO2 mt nm Brazil, th cng cn bit l 1 ha rng c kh
nng hp th n 20 tn CO2 mt nm. Hy hoi 1 ha rng trng
ma nh vy "khng c li" v khi lng kh thi carbon.
- m bo cht lng nguyn liu, ngi ta cn dng thm rt nhiu
phn bn v nc trng cy nguyn liu, v iu ny c th dn ti
cc vn khc v mi trng nh tn d ha cht trong t t phn
bn, hoc thiu nc phc v dn sinh. c c mt lt diesel sinh
hc, ngi ta cn s dng t 1000 n 4000 lt nc.
(Ngun: www.rfi.fr).
- Theo mt bo co ca T chc Hp tc v Pht trin Kinh t OCDE,
phi trng dng n 70% t canh tc ca chu u mi c th cung ng
10% nhu cu nng lng xanh ca chu lc ny (Ngun: www.rfi.fr).
- T chc chng ngho i v bt cng Oxfam cng c nhiu cnh
bo v vic nng lng xanh c th e da n vn an ninh lng
thc. Khi t trng trt c s dng ti a trng cy lm nguyn
liu sn xut nng lng sinh hc th s thiu t trng cy lng
thc, iu ny c th e da cuc sng ca ngi ngho v gi lng
thc v cc loi nng sn gia tng. Tc ng ca n s thy r hn cc
nc chm pht trin, ni chnh ph c th ch trng y mnh sn
xut ethanol phc v xut khu ti cc nc giu, nhng li y dn
chng vo cnh thiu n. Theo Oxfam, quyn con ngi ca mt s ni
b ch p khi cc nc giu tung tin ra mua nng lng sinh hc v
nhanh chng tr thnh mt nh cung cp c uy tn quc t, nhiu chnh
ph khng ngn ngi ui nng dn trng dng t.
(Ngun: www.rfi.fr).
- Ngoi ra, B Mi trng Brazil mi y cng b mt bn bo co cho
bit, khi s dng nhin liu ethanol lm nguyn liu cho ng c t,
lng kh thi nhim cho d c th khng nh hng n s bin i
kh hu, nhng vn nh hng ti sc khe con ngi do vn pht thi
cc kh nh carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons v nitrogen oxide, do
ngi tiu dng khi mua sm t nn tnh n lng kh thi ca t
v cc chnh ph vn cn nghin cu nhng loi nhin liu xanh khng
nh hng n mi trng.
Tnh hnh sn xut ethanol Vit Nam?
Theo Thi bo Kinh t Si Gn, c nc c 6 nh my sn xut ethanol
sinh hc t sn lt vi tng cng sut 535 triu lt mi nm. Tuy nhin,
cc nh my ny hin sn xut cm chng v cng sn xut cng l, c
mi lt ethanol l khong 434 ng.

Hin nay, ngoi ba nh my m tp on Du kh quc gia (PVN) tham

gia u t gm nh my sn xut ethanol Ph Th (hin tm ngng),
nh my ethanol Bnh Phc v nh my ethanol Dung Qut, c nc
cn bn nh my sn xut ethanol khc ang hot ng vi cng sut
335 triu lt ethanol/nm, gm nh my ng Xanh (Qung Nam), Tng
Lm (ng Nai), i Vit (k Nng), Bioethanol k T (Kon Tum).
Tuy nhin, vic pht trin mng li phn phi xng sinh hc cn chm,
khng theo kp vic u t sn xut ethanol.
Bo Si Gn Gii Phng c bi vit nu nguyn nhn: do kh khn v th
trng tiu th trong nc, cc nh my phi xut khu vi gi thp,
khng b chi ph, nhiu nh my phi hot ng cm chng, thm
ch ngng sn xut. Ngoi l do gi thnh sn xut cn cao, tc pht
trin mng li phn phi cn chm, khng p ng c tc pht
trin ca cc d n sn xut nhin liu sinh hc, th tm l ngi tiu
dng vn cn t thng tin v u im ca xng E5 v vn u tin la
chn nhin liu truyn thng, gy tr ngi nhiu cho vic tiu th sn
phm. Cn theo l gii ca cc doanh nghip, nguyn nhn tc ng
n tc pht trin mng li phn phi cha xng tm l do cc cng
ty phi u t ci to, b sung mt s thit b, c s vt cht phc v
phn phi xng E5, nhng khng c hng cc chnh sch u i nh
cc d n sn xut.
Trc thc trng kh khn trn, doanh nghip v chuyn gia trong
ngnh cho rng, gii bi ton cn i ngun cung cu trong sn xut,
tiu th nhin liu sinh hc c hi ha, Chnh ph nn c gii php h
tr doanh nghip trong vn xy dng vng nguyn liu, mng li
phn phi. H tr cc chng trnh nghin cu ging sn cht lng cao,
h tr gi cho b con nng dn tng thu nhp, yn tm sn xut, t
mi m bo ngun nguyn liu cung cp n nh cho cc nh my
sn xut nhin liu sinh hc.
----------------------------Theo quyt nh ca Th tng, i vi loi xng E5, t ngy 1/12/2014,
xng c sn xut, phi ch, kinh doanh s dng cho phng tin
c gii ng b tiu th trn a bn 7 tnh, thnh ph: H Ni, thnh
ph H Ch Minh, Hi Phng, Nng, Cn Th, Qung Ngi, B Ra Vng Tu l xng E5.
T ngy 1/12/2015 xng c sn xut, phi ch, kinh doanh s
dng cho phng tin c gii ng b tiu th trn ton quc l xng
E5.
i vi xng E10, t ngy 1/12/2016, xng c sn xut, phi ch, kinh
doanh s dng cho phng tin c gii ng b tiu th trn a
bn 7 tnh, thnh ph: H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Hi Phng,
Nng, Cn Th, Qung Ngi, B Ra - Vng Tu l xng E10.

T 1/12/2017 xng c sn xut, phi ch, kinh doanh s dng cho

phng tin c gii ng b tiu th trn ton quc l xng E10.