SUaiUmic

flitfj>it.

DICTIONARY
OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
EXPLANATORY, PRONOUNCING, ETYMOLOGICAL,
AND SYNONYMOUS.
WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING
VTAINLY

YAKIOITS USEPTTL TABLES.

AmiDGED FROM THE LATEST EDITION OF THE QUARTO DICTIONARY OF

KOAH WEBSTER,
.By

WILLIAM

G.
AND

WILLIAM
SWuB'tratetf

tottf)

more

A.

LL. D

WEBSTER

WHEELER

tfjau i)rtt ^mxisrtis atrtr dftfti) <iiQmbiiiQg

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI

AMERICAN BOO
Springfield, Mass.

G.

anWatfo*

^?\>

u*

v^

1>*

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by

G.

&

C.

Merriam,

!n the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of Massachusetts.

TKAHSFEHEa
,

--as

Aue^W"

PREFACE
by Mr. William G. Webster, with the co-operation of
Goodrich of Yale College, was first published in 1856.
While in a general way it was designed for use in the family, the office, and the countingroom, and among all who might desire to obtain a comprehensive dictionary of small size and
cost, it was, at the same time, framed with a particular reference to the wants of students in
our colleges, academies, and other advanced schools, and also of those engaged in private

This work,

originally prepared

the late Professor

Chauncey

A.

study.

The

present revision has been

made by Mr. William A. Wheeler, one of

the revised edition of Webster's Quarto Dictionary issued in 1864.

Keeping

of the abridgment as just stated, he has not only brought the work into
the revised Quarto, but has considerably enlarged

its

scope,

the editors of

in view the plan

conformity with

full

and proportionally increased

its

usefulness.

In

its

present form, this volume comprises a copious and careful selection of English words

shows their correct orthography and pronunciation, gives

etymology in a concise manner, and exhibits their various shades of signification by
means of formal definition conveyed for the most part in brief descriptive sentences or clauses.
In some thousands of cases, a list of Synonyms, printed in a separate paragraph and in smaller
in actual use at the present day,

their

type,

is

subjoined to the definitions

and, in addition, synonymous words, to the

number of

about seventeen hundred, are carefully discriminated in nearly six hundred distinct

articles.

Wood-cuts, selected and engraved expressly- for this work, have been freely introduced, not
as mere embellishments, but for the purpose .of leading to a better understanding of the terms

under which they occur.

the

The

Introduction contains a concise and authentic exposition of

subject of English orthoepy, a very full collection of Rules for Spelling,

planatory

list

of Prefixes and Suffixes, with appropriate examples of their

se.

and an ex-

The

charac-

and range of the Appendix will be best understood by referring to the various Tables included in it, or by an inspection of the Contents on page v. Its leading object, however, is
to add to the value of the work as a popular manual of reference by presenting in a form
adapted for ready consultation pronouncing vocabularies of proper names, and brief explanations of certain other matters concerning which information is often desired by readers and
ter

writers of every class.

Such are the chief features of the work, which,

ments, and enriched by

many

as

it

now

stands, revised in all its depart-

important additions, considerably exceeds

its

original limits,

the size of the page having been somewhat increased, and ninety pages added to the

number

contained in the former edition.

It

is

believed that this Dictionary can be advantageously used as a text-book for systematic

instruction in the English language,

and that

ing scholar engaged in the study of words.

will furnish materials for

it

will serve as

The preliminary

faithful guide to the self- teach" Principles of Pronunciation *

a course of exercises in English orthoepy, including the analysis of

Ciiij

iv

PREFACE.

'

ways of representing them, the effect of accent on the

vowel sounds, and the like while, under each head, the pupil can prepare, with the aid of
This mode of study may be occathe Vocabulary, extended lists of illustrative examples.
the elementary sounds, the various
;

by taking up

sionally varied

words embraced therein

made of

at pleasure certain portions of the

to the several principles

the " Rules for Spelling "

and has

Vocabulary, and referring the

which they exemplify.

like use

can be

and the student who has familiarized himself with these

had the benefit of sufficient practice in writing out lists of examples, will
how soon he has become an adept in the difficult art of orthography. The
list of Prefixes and Suffixes, taken in connection with the etymologies given in the body of
the work, will enable a learner to investigate the structure of English words, to become acquainted with the significance of their constituent parts, and to trace the connection of their
primary, derivative, and metaphorical senses, a distinct knowledge of which is often the
condition of their appropriate use.
The interest and instructiveness of exercises in etymological analysis, and their importance as a means of disciplining the mind to thoughtful habits
can not be gainsaid. " There are cases," says Coleridge, " in which more knowledge of
more value may be conveyed by the history of a word than by the history of a campaign."
And again, as being of " especial aid ... in forming a habit of reflection," he says, " Accustom
yourself to reflect on the words you use, hear, or read, their birth, derivation, and history
for, if words are not things, they are living powers, by which the things of most importance
to mankind are actuated, combined, and humanized."
It is suggested to teachers that a certain number of prefixes or suffixes be assigned as a lesson for study, and that the pupil be
required to ascertain and explain the literal meaning of the examples appended to them,
including the root as well as the formative syllables. Additional examples may be taken
directly from the Dictionary, or from the spelling-book or the reading-book, as may seem most
advisable.
Other useful modes of instruction will occur to the skillful teacher. The lists of
Synonyms, and the articles in which synonyms are distinguished, may be made available as
models to be imitated in the collection and discrimination of words of the same general
signification
a practice highly valuable as leading to a ready command of language, and to
clearness and precision in its use.
In the arrangement of words in the Dictionary, while a strictly alphabetical order is followed,
are not treated in distinct
whether etymologically related or not
words of the same form
articles, but the definition of one immediately follows that of another in the same paragraph,
n.
being separated from it only by a dash; as, " Ab'o-rig'i-nal, a. First or primitive.
A first or original inhabitant." This has been done to save space, but the inspector will find
that facility of reference has not been sacrificed to the necessity for compression*
In submitting this work to the judgment of the public, the Editor indulges the hope that the
protracted labor and unremitting care he has bestowed upon it have resulted in the production of a Dictionary which will be found to answer all the purposes for which it is intended.
rules,

also

be surprised to find

Dorchester, Massachusetts, January,

1868.

W.

A.

W.

CONTENTS.
PASS

KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION,

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION,

?i
vii to xxii

Vowels,

vii

VOWELS IN MONOSYLLABLES AND ACCENTED SYLLABLES,

REGULAR OR PROPER DIPHTHONGS,
VOWELS IN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES,
SILENT VOWELS,
CONSONANTS,
ASSIMILATION OF CONSONANTS,
DUPLICATION OF CONSONANTS,
Accent,
DIVIDED USAGE,
DISSYLLABLES,
TRISYLLABLES AND POLYSYLLABLES,
Syllabication,

xi
xi
xii

Xlii
.

"Vii

'

"

'

.......*/
.

Xix
xix
xix

.....

xix

XX
XX
'

xxii

RULES FOR SPELLING CERTAIN CLASSES OF WORDS,

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES,
ABBREVIATION AND EXPLANATIONS,

xxii to xxyi

xxvii to xxxi
xxxii

A DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE,

ito

APPENDIX.
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES,
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARIES OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL
NAMES,
elements of pronunciation of the principal modern languages of

487 to 495

continental europe,
explanation of abbreviations and signs,
Vocabulary of Modern Geograpihcal Names,
Vocabulary of Modern Biographical Names,
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES, WITH THEIR DERIVA-

502

TION, SIGNIFICATION, Etc.,

496 to 501

502 to 519

504

.505
514

.J

520 to 525

Names of Men,
Names of Women,
CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGES,
QUOTATIONS, WORDS, PHRASES, PROVERBS, ETC., FROM THE GREEK, THE LATIN,
AND MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGES,
METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES,
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING AND PRINTING,
ARBITRARY SIGNS USED IN WRITING AND PRINTING
A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE CHIEF DEITIES, HEROES, ETC., IN THE GREEK AND
ROMAN MYTHOLOGY,
A CLASSIFIED SELECTION OF PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATIONS,
.

i
r
(v)
.

520

523
526, 527

528 to 533

.........
.

534

535 to 538
539 to 541

542 to 548
*

549 to 560

KEY
TO THE PRONUNCIATION.
VOWELS.
REGULAR LONG AND SHORT SOUNDS.
Ale, Fate, Chamber, Gray.
Add, Fat, Have, RXndom.
Eve, Mete, Peace, Seizure.
End, Met, Check, Leopard.
Ice, Fine, Mire, Thrive.
Ill, FIn, Admit, Tribute.

J, A, long, as in
A, A, short, as iu
E, E, long, as in

, E, short, as in
ZoHg, as in

I, 1, short, as in

I, I,

0,
0,
U,
U,

5, long, as in

Old, N5te, Loaf, Depose.

odd, Not, Torrid, Resolve
Use, Tube, Lute, FeudalUs, Tub, but, Study.
Fly, Style, Sky, Edify.

6, short, as in
u, long, as in
U, short, as in

Y, Y, long, as in
Y, Y, sAori, as in

Cyst, Nymph, Lyric, Abyss.

OCCASIONAL SOUNDS.
A, a, as in
A, A, Italian, as'in

A,
A,

A, as in

A, broad, as in

AIR, ShAre, PAir, BeAr.

arm, Father, Bar, Palm.
Ask, GrAss, Dance, BrAnch.
All, Talk, Haul, Swarm.

A, A, like short o,as in

What, Wander, Wallow.

E, E, like a, as in
g,E, like long a, as in

Ere, There, Heir, Where.

Eight, Prey, Obey.
Ermine, VErge, Prefer.

,,asin

long

I, I, like

as in

e,

I.I. like e, as in

Pique, Machine, Police.

Irksome, VIrgin, ThIrsty

6,6,

like short

,as in

0, Q, like long oo, as in

0,p, like short oo, as in

6,6, like broad

6*0, 6b, as in
66, 6b, as in

o, as in
.

Other, DOne, S6n, W6n.

Pkove, Do, Move, Tomb.
Bqsom, Wolf, Woman.
Order, Form, Stork.
Moon, Food, Booty.
Wool, FOot, Good.

y, preceded by r, as in Rude Rumor, Rural.

U,v,like short oo, as in Bull, Put, Push, Pull.
Urge, Burn, Furl, Concur.
U, U,asin
17,

E,

I,

o, silent

Tok-en, Cousin, Mason.

REGULAR DIPHTHONGAL SOUNDS.

Oi, oi, or

Oy, oy (unmarked),

Ou, ou, or

Ow,

Oil, Join, Moist, Oyster.

as in

ow (unmarked), as in

Out, Hound, Owl, Vowel.

CONSONANTS.
<2,

C, soft, like

sharp, as in

, G, hard, like k, as in
Ch, ch (unmarked), as in
<^h, ch, soft, like sh, as in
H, H, hard, like k, as in
.

Qede, Qite, Mercy.

all, oncur, Success.
Child, Much, Touch,
(^haise, Marchioness.
horus, Egho, Distich.

G, G, hard, as in
Get, Tiger, Begin.
G, G, soft, like./, as in
Gem, Engine, Elegy.
S, s, sharp (unmarked), as in Same, Yes, Rest.
.

S, , soft

or vocal, likez, as in

HAg, AMUgE, RoEATE

Th, th, sharp (unmarked), as

T-H, ,TH flat or vocal, as in

in

Thing, Breath.
Thine, Smooth.

Ng, ng (unmarked), as in
Sing, Single.
N, N,(See 82), as in
Linger, Link.
X, x, like gz, as in
Exist, Auxiliary.
Ph, ph, like /(unmarked), as in Phantom, Sylph.
QU, QU, like kw (unmarked), s in Queen, Conquest.
.

WH, wh,

like

hw

(unmk'd),

Zh, zh, as in

a: i

in

What, Awhile.
Vision

(vlzh'un).

**.* When one letter of an improper diphthong, or of a triphthong, is marked, it is to be taken as representing the sound of the
combination, and the letter or letters which are not marked are to be regarded as silent; as in aim, clean, ceil, people, route, soul,
journal, tow, &c. The combined letters ce, ci, sci, se, si, or ti, occurring before a vowel in a syllable immediately preceded by an
accented syllable, are generally equivalent to sh ; as in o'eean, ceta'ceous, so/e'al, logi/eian, suspi/cion, auspi-'eious, con/sct'ence,
nau/seous, controversial, dissen/sion, ini/tial, ora/ft'on, ficti/fious, &c. Such syllables are not always respelled, as, in general, they
will naturally be pronounced correctly by an English speaker. But in all exceptional, doubtful, or difficult cases, the appropriate

respelling

is

used.

V For an explanation of

foreign sounds occurring in the Dictionary see pp. 602-504.

RESPELLING FOR PRONUNCIATION. (1.) In respelling the French an, en, on, &c, the letters ng are not to be pronounced themselves, being designed simply to mark the vowel as nasal, that is, as pronounced through both the nose and the mouth
at the same time. (2.) The respelling of a word when a number of related words follow, applies to all of them down to some other
word which is respelled.
ACCENT. The principal accent is denoted by a heavy mark; the secondary, by a lighter mark; as in Su'perintend'ent.
In the division of words into syllables, these marks, besides performing their proper office, supply the place of the hyphen, except
in some compound and derivative words.
Cvi)

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION,
WITH EXPLANATIONS OF THE KEY.

without the vanish; see 2), and then pass fully and
strongly into the guttural vibration (ca/ur or ca'er), draw-

VOWELS.

The vowel sounds in monosyllables and accented

ing the two as closely as possible into the same syllable
syllables are marked in the Dictionary by pointing the letso closely that Smart (not aiming at philosophical exactEach of the vowels will now be
ters according to the Key.
ness) speaks of the r as actually blending with the previous
considered under three heads namely, its regular long, and
vowel. In like manner, parent is sounded p&'ur-ent, or pa/,
short, and its occasional sounds, as heard in monosyllables
er-ent ; and fairy has the sound of fa'er-y, as the word was
and in accented and unaccented syllables.
"
1.

'

I.

VOWELS

EST

MONOSYLLABLES AND ACCENTED

SYLLABLES.

A.

NOTE. This sound of a is in most cases dipthongal,

having a slight " vanish " in e annexed to its k< radical " or
initial sound, as in pay, where the y may be regarded as
representing the vanish. Writers are not agreed as to the
nature of the radical part, some considering it to be the
sound of short e, while others assert that it is a distinct,
though very similar, element, being like the other long
vowels as compared with their true corresponding short
See 11, and 8,
sounds, of a slightly less open quality.

Note.
3. Regular short sound, marked A, 5, as in add;
heard also in plaid, bade, &c.

Note. This is a distinct element from the long a.

Like the other shut or stopped vowels (e, I, 5, u, do), its
sound is exceedingly short, and has a certain abrupt, explosive character, which is hardly found in any language
but our own. With respect to its position in the scale of
sounds, it is a palatal vowel, intermediate between a and 8,
the tongue being raised higher than for a, and not so high
as for S.

Occasional Sounds of A.

same sound in a f"w words, such as

there,

first syllable

4. Sound of a before r, in such words as air, care, fare,

bear, prayer, parent, marked A, a.
The letter e has the

where,

their,

&c.

Two

errors in opposite extremes are here to be avoided

1. That of the vulgar, who pronounce where, whar ; bear,
care'ful, car'ful, &c.
2. That of some among the
bar
educated classes, who pronounce pair, parent, &c, as if
spelt pay'er, pay'rent, &c.
Some have considered the a in care as a distinct element
this, however, is not admitted by Smart, who maintains
that it is our long a in fate, and owes all its peculiarity to
the subsequent r. Such, also, is the statement of Dr Webster and most English orthoepists.
The sound of r in these
words is what Smart calls a "guttural vibration,"
a
;

out into long quantity, gives us there (thar) and er (the

in error) gives us ere or e'er (ar). Thus, in the
view here presented, the initial sound should always be that
of a in fate (the radical without the vanish see 2), though
the final impression upon the ear is that of an open or
broad sound, in consequence of the " opening power " of
the r. In primitive words like fare, lair, pair, and the
others mentioned above, it is very important not to dwell
so long on the a as to make it diphthongal for, if the close
vanishing element of the vowel is retained, it is impossible
But
for the open r to blend with it in the same syllable.
in derivative words like flayer, layer, payer, it is essential to
preserve the terminational sound of the a, in order to keep
up a distinction between the two classes.
Some, however, especially in New England, give these
words a slightly different sound ; namely, that of our short
a before the r, in air, pronounced aer, with a somewhat
lengthened sound of the a. This sound is rather more open
than the one mentioned above, and is apt, in the mouths
of our common people, to become too broad and coarse.
If well executed, however, it is scarcely at all inferior to
the other in smoothness and grace. It is frequently heard
among the well-educated in England there is a tendency
in many to intermingle the two, and it often requires a
Dr. Webster, who
nice ear to determine which is used.
adopted the former in his own practice, once remarked to
the writer that he regarded the difference as unimportant,
provided the New England sound be given without coarse;

2. Regular long sound, marked A, a, as in ale ; heard

also in pain, day, gaol, gauge, aye, break, veil, whey, &c.

heir,

Faery Queen." Smart

actually spelt by Spenser in his
refers, also, with approbation, to another mode of identifying the sound in question ; namely, that of prolonging our
Thus, ther (with the e as in thSn), drawn
short e before r.

;i

sound which he represents by ur, and Dr. Webster by er.

In care we touch lightly on the a sound (the radical alone

ness or

undue breadth.

5. Sound of the Italian a, marked A, a, as in drm,

father, far ; heard also in ah, hearth, aunt, guard, dre, &c.

Note. This sound occurs in monosyllables and in the

accented syllable of many words, before r final or r followed by another consonant (as in scar, tar, tart, yard,
de-bar 1 de-part'), and in the derivatives of such words (as
in scarred, tarry, of, or resembling, tar, debarring). But
when a occurs in an accented syllable, before r followed by
a vowel or by another r, in a word not a derivative, it has
its regular short sound, as in drable, b&rrow, t&rry, to
,

delay.

The

Italian

is

the most opea of all the vowel sounds.

(Til)

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.

Vlll

one of the extremes of the vowel scale, the other use one of the finest sounds of our language. This is the
extremes being e and oo. In its formation, the mouth and sound recommended in this volume, and marked A, a.
throat are opened widely, and the tongue is left in its nat- Some might possibly prefer one a little less open, verging
ural position of rest. It was formerly much more common slightly more towards that of a in an ; and there is cerThe loss of it to tainly room here for a diversity of taste and practice among
in English than it is at the present day.
bo great an extent has been an injury to our language, and those who agree in the main point of rejecting the extreme
shortness of Walker's sound. If it be proposed, however,
any further exclusion of it is therefore undesirable.
to give these words a sound intermediate in quality between
Q, Sound of a in certain words (chiefly monosyllables) the Italian a and our short a, one thing is important to be
ending in ff, ft, ss, st, sk, sp, with a few in nee, and nt, considered. Mr. Smart states, in answer to an inquiry on
marked A, a, as in staff, graft, pass, last, ask, gasp, chance, the subject, that, although he can exemplify such a sound,
he is not aware that any thing of the kind is used among
chant, &c.
the educated classes in England. The only alternative
NOTE. Down to the close of the last century, words of there seems to be between the Italian a and the extreme
this class were universally pronounced with the full Italian short sound of Walker
and it is natural and desirable
a. Some, especially among the vulgar, gave this too broad- that those among us who reject the latter should adopt the
ly, or with a kind of drawl (as pass like pahss, fast like same sound with those who led the way in that rejection
fahst), so that Walker, disgusted with this abuse, and upon the other side of the Atlantic.
Any one who heard
having a prejudice against intermediate sounds, marked the lectures of Mr. Thackeray during his visit to this counall such words in his Dictionary by the sound of short a,
try in 1855-56, and noticed his pronunciation with reference
giving the vowel in past, staff, &c, the sound of that in to this subject, must have been struck with the definite
It will not be surprising
pat, Staffa (the island), &c.
sound of the Italian a which he gave to all words of this
if we bear in mind the remark in 3 on the extreme shortclass. He even gave that pound in the word answer, which,
sound
that this change was though common in England, is comparatively rare in Amerthis
ness and abruptness of
strongly condemned by the orthoepists. Jones declared it ica. A gentleman who held for many years a high diploto be " a mincing affectation " and Mitford said, " No matic station at the court of St. James, told the writer
English tongue fails to express, no English ear to perceive, that, except among Londoners, he almost uniformly heard
the difference between the sound of a in passing and in the Italian a in such cases, especially among the officers of
No colloquial familiarity will substitute the one government, and the nobility and gentry with whom he
passive.
Still, the high character of Walker, and the
for the other. "
was led to associate. Such, also, is said by members of
increasing disgust for every thing like a drawl In speaking, Oxford and Cambridge to be the case now at those univergave currency to the change. It prevailed in London, and sities and some of the most eminent preachers of the kingin some of the larger cities of America, until there sprung dom, such as the Bishop of Oxford (Wilberforce), have been
up, on both sides of the Atlantic, what Smart has called a mentioned in confirmation of this remark. It is for such
" new school " and an " old school " on this subject. The reasons that the words in question are here marked
with a
extreme shortness of the a as marked by Walker, was still shortened or brief sound of the Italian a, in accordance with
objected to and Smart, in his Dictionary, first published the views and practice of Dr. Webster.
in 1836, censured Walker on this account, saying, "He
allows no compromise between the broad Italian a, with
7. Sound of broad a, marked A, a, as in all, talk, haul,
which a vulgar mouth pronounces ass, and the sound nar- swarm ; heard also in sauce, awe, geCrgic, fork, groat,
rower (if possible) than the a in at, with which an effected bOught, &c.
speaker minces the same word." He therefore spoke of a
This has sometimes been called the German a,
NOTE.
" medium sound " of the a in words of this class, saying,
" We are apt, even in London, to give a slight prolongation but is a broader and more guttural sound, being formed by
of the larynx, and a consequent retraction of
to the vowel (a) which would, in other cases, be quite rus- a depression

and

is

This prolongation has passed into America, and is the tongue, which enlarges the cavity of the mouth posteextensively among the followers of Walker in riorly.
this country.
It is a kind of drawl on the a in such words
8. Short sound of broad a, marked A, a, as in what,
Smart states, however, in a recent wander, wallow, &c. heard also in knowledge.
as last, past, fast, &c.
letter, that in England this prolongation is now wholly laid
This is the extreme short sound of broad a, and
NOTE.
aside. " Custom with us," he remarks, "is much changed.
It is no longer affectation to say ass; and grant, graft, &c, coincides with the sound of o in not. It differs, however,
at present indicate the pronunciation of well-educated Lon- in quality as well as quantity from broad a, being a more
don people under sixty-five or sixty years of age." In open sound that is to say, the aperture of the lips and
other words, Walker's extreme short sound of staff, like the internal cavity of the mouth, though of the same shape
Staffa, and pass like pSssive, is now adopted by many in both cases, are somewhat larger for the former (a) than
for the latter (a), while the position of the tongue remains
Londoners as the true and only proper sound.
The change introduced by Walker never had any great unaltered throughout. Nor is this difference peculiar to
currency in this country, except in a few large cities and a and a it also exists between the other pairs of vowel
in places immediately affected by their influence. Our sounds 'that have essentially the same organic formation,
leading lexicographers, Webster and Worcester, declared but differ in length or duration in each case, that which
against it. Many who were taught it in childhood have is the briefer in quantity is the more open in quality of the
since laid it aside and there is an increasing disposition two.
among our teachers and literary men to unite on some inThere is a sound of a, as heard in salt, although, &c,
termediate sound between the extreme broadness, or length, which is intermediate between that in awe and that in what.
of the a in father, and the extreme narrowness, or shortness No distinctive mark is used to indicate this intermediate

tic"

now heard

of the a in fat. That of Smart (mentioned above as now dis- sound, but the inquirer is referred to this section from all
See
used was intermediate in quantity ; and so also is another, words in the vocabulary in which the sound occurs.
which Fulton and Knight have introduced into their Dic- 21, Note.
tionary, namely, a shortened sound of the Italian a. They
any
words
the
in
occurs
a
sound
of
9. An exceptional
give the word "lard'''' as an example of the long Italian
if they were spelled Sn'y, mtn'y, being the
sound (as in father, &c), and " last " of their short Italian many.' It is as
short sound of e.
regular
of
latter
the
entire
class
words
mark
with
the
sound and
now under consideration, such as staff, graft, pass, last,
ask, gasp, and a few words in nee and nt, as dance, and
E.
chant. In this way they guard against that undue prolonmSte,
10. Regular long sound, marked E, e, as in Eve,
gation of the a which offended Walker, and still retain in

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.
people, key,
Note This not a short sound of long

&c. heard also in Ccesar, beard, feet,

machine, field, oesophagus, quay, &c.
;

leisure,

is

IX
i.

Many have

considered it as the shut or extreme short sound of long e ;

but it is really a distinct, though closely allied, element,
the formation of this element, the tongue is
and is so regarded by the best orthoepists at the present
raised convexly within the dome of the palate, pressing time. In its formation, the tongue is slightly relaxed from
against its sides, and leaving only the smallest possible pas- the position assumed for producing e; this is the only difis
sage through which a vowel sound can be uttered.
See 3, NOTE, and
ference between the two sounds.
therefore the closest lingual or palatal vowel, and is one of
8, Note.
the extremes of the natural vowel scale, a and oo being the
Occasional, Sounds of I.
other extremes.
17. Sound of i like that of long e, marked I, i, as in
11. Regular short sound, marked , e. as in 2nd,
See 10.
met; heard also in many, aphceresis, said, says, feather, pique, machine, caprice, &c.

NOTE. In

heifer, leopard, friend, asafxtida, bury, guess.

This

Note.

appropriately the sound of i in all foreign languages. Most of the English words in which this
sound is represented by this letter are from the French.
18. Sound of i before r, verging toward u in urge,

is

Note
This is not a short sound of the long e. It has
usually been considered as the shut or extreme short sound
of the a in fate ; but most orthoepists at the present day,
while allowing it to be a nearly related sound, regard it as marked I, J, as in irksome, virgin, thirsty, &c, identical
distinct, being slightly more open than the radical part of with that of e in ermine.
both are intermediate between
a, and lacking the vanish
NOTE.
7 in this case is sounded by many speakers like
a and e, the tongue not being so much depressed as for the
made under 14
former, nor raised so high toward the palate as for the ft, as vurgin for virgin. The observations
e in words like ermine, verdure, &c, apply fully
as
to
short
latter.
See 2, and 3, Note.
to this sound of the i.
.

Occasional Sounds of E.
o.
12. Sound of e like a (as in care, fair, bear, &c.\,
19. Regular long sound, marked 0, 5, as in old;
marked E, e, as in ere, thzre, Mir, e'er, &c. This, as is heard also in hautboy, beau, yeoman, sew, roam, hoe, door,
stated in 4, is the same sound with that of a in care.
shoulder, grow,

See 4.
13. Sound of e like a,
prey, vein, &c.
See 2.

NOTE

This

is

e, as in eh, eight,

sound which this letter

modern languages of Continen-

essentially the

generally has in the leading

tal

marked E,

Europe.

14. Sound of e before r, verging toward the sound of

in urge, marked E, 3, as in ermine, verge, prefer ; heard
also in earnest, mirth, myrtle, &c.

NOTE. The case here contemplated is that of e before r,

in a monosyllable or in an accented syllable in which the r is
not followed by a vowel or by another r, or in derivatives of
such words, when the syllable retains its accent, as in herd,
When
defer, deferring, err, erring, term, mercy, maternal.
e occurs before r, followed by a vowel or by another r, in a
word not derived as above, it either has the short sound, as
in ferry, peril, perilous, heritage, ferule, or the long sound,
as in period, hero, material.
The vulgar universally, and many cultivated speakers
both in England and America, give the e in such words the
full sound of u in urge, as, murcy for mercy, turm for term,
&c. But, in the most approved style of pronunciation, the
*organs are placed in a position intermediate between that
requisite for sounding ft and that for sounding e, thus
making (as Smart observes) " a compromise between the
two." In other words, this element is radically distinct

owe, &c.

This sound of

Note.

o is in most cases diphthongal,

having a slight " vanish " in oo annexed to the " radical "
or initial sound, as in below, where the w may be regarded
as representing the vanish. The radical part of the sound
is a simple element, intermediate with respect to the mode
of its formation, between a and oo, the tongue being less
depressed than for a, and the labial aperture greater than
for oo. It is essentially the same element as that described
in the next section, but of a slightly less open quality. The
vanish of the o is omitted in unaccented syllables, as in
o-pin'ion, to-bac / co, &c, but ought not to be omitted elsewhere. This remark is important as bearing on a very
prevalent error, which will be mentioned in the next sec-

tion.

20.

I* is exceedingly

common,

in

some parts of the

United States, to shorten the long o of certain words, as

bolt, most, only, &c, by dropping the vanishing element

which belongs to the vowel, and giving

to the radical por-

tion a somewhat more open quality

but this practice is
wholly opposed to English usage. The provincialism here
pointed out obtains, more or less widely, in respect to the
;

following words, namely boat, bolster, bolt, bone, both, broke,

broken, choke, cloak, close, a., coach, coat, coax, colt, colter,
:

comb,

goad, hold, holm, holster, home, homely,

load, molten, most, molt, none, only, open, pole,

dolt, folks,

hope, jolt,

from both ft and &, being less guttural than the former and polka, poultice, poultry, revolt, road, rode, rogue, soap,
less palatal than the latter, from which it was doubtless sloth, smoke, sofa, sol (the name of the note G of the musioriginally evolved.

cal scale),

ken, stone, story, swollen (or swoln),

throat, toad, upholsterer, upholstery, whole, wholly, wholesome, wrote, yoke, yolk, and possibly a few others. Most
15. Regular long sound, marked I, I, as in Ice ; heard
persons
in New England sound the o in a part or all of
also in aisle, height, eying, eye, vie, guile, buy, thy, rye,
&c. in pint, in child, mild, wild ; and in monosyllables these words without the vanish, while some among the
ending with nd, as bind, find, kind, &c, except wind, vulgar go further, and give to a number of them almost
meaning air in motion, and wind, to scent, to cause to lose the sound of short u, as hum. for home, &c. They should
all, however, have the full sound of the o as heard in acor to recover wind or breath.
cented syllables, though not in all cases with quite the
NOTE.
This sound, though represented by a single
Thus the full o of dome
character, is not a simple element, but a diphthong. It is same prolongation of the sound.
composed of a and e as extremes, with the a accented, but should be given to home'; of hole to whole; of slope to
made so very brief that the ear with difficulty recognizes hope ; of poach to coach of moat to coat ; of joke to spoke,
the precise character of the sound.
cloak, smoke, and broke ; of hone to bone and stone ; and
Still, the theoretic phonolo 16. Regular short sound, marked I, I, as in ill; heard similarly in the other cases.
also in English, beaufin, been, sieve, women, busy, guinea, gist can not but regard the true short o described in this
section as an imjportant and legitimate member of the lamtfynph, &c.

I.

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.

vowel sounds, and must look upon its absence in the

established orthoepy of our language as a defect and an
anomaly. To him, therefore, its rise and growth in the
popular speech are interesting facts, and its final prevaily of

lence and admittance to equal rights with the other vowels

is a thing he would rather desire than deprecate.
21. Regular short sound, marked 6, o, as in odd,

nSt ; heard also in wander, knowledge, &c.

Note, and 9.

Note.

This

See

Occasional, Sounds of 0.
22. Sound of o like short u, marked 6, 0, as in other,
heard also in does, gun, flood, double, &c.
dove, &c.
See 31.
23. Sound of o like oo long, marked 0, o, as in prove,
do, move, tomb, &c.
See 26.
24. Sound of o like oo short, marked 0, q, as in
bosom, wolf, woman, &c.
See 8, Note, and 27.

sound coincides with that of u in

See 33.
which is also used for 00 short.
like a (broad a), marked 0,
25. Sound of

NOTE. The

&c See

This is a compound sound, formed of the vowel

a slight sound of the consonant y or of the vowel
it.
When the u begins a syllable, or is pre.
ceded by any one of the palatal or labial sounds k, g, p, b
f,v,m, the sound of y is clearly perceived, as in the words
usage, cube, gules, puny, burin, futile, mule.
.

00, with

e~

or 1 before

6rder,f0rm, stOrk,

NOTE

30. When

the long

u is

preceded, in the

by any one of the consonants

is

This

lieu,

3,

the shut or extreme short sound of

broad a, and coincides with the sound of a in what. There
is a medium sound of this letter which is neither so short
as in not, nor so long as in naught. This medium sound is
usually given to the short o when directly followed by ss,
st, and th, as in cross, cost, broth; also, in gone, cough,
trough, off, and some other words. To give the extreme
short sound to such words is affectation to give them the
full sound of broad a is vulgar.

NOTE.

heard also in beauty, feodal, feud, pew, ewe,

view, cue, suit, yew, you, yule, &c.

Unit, &c.

bull,

6, as in

7.

d,

t,

n,

I,

s,

same
and

syllable >
th,

it

13

peculiarly difficult to introduce the sound of y and hence

negligent speakers omit it entirely, pronouncing duty,
;

lute, loot
tune, toon
nuisance, noosance
suit,
thurible, thoorible, &c.
The reason is, that, in forming these consonants, the organs are in a position to pass
with perfect ease to the sound of 00, while it is very difficult
in doing so to touch the intermediate y ; hence the y in
such cases is very apt to be dropped. On this point Smart
remarks, " To say tube (tyoob), lucid (lyoocid), with tht
u as perfect [i. e. with a distinct sound of y prefixed to 00]
as in cube, cubic, mute, Sec, is either northern or laboriously
pedantic,"
a de&cription which applies to the vulgar in
our Eastern States, and to those who are over-nice at th<
South. The practice of good society is to let the y sink
into a very brief sound of long e or of short t, both of
which have a very close organic relationship to consonant
y. Special care must be taken not only to make this sound
as brief as possible, but to pronounce it in the same syllable
with the 00. We thus avoid the two extremes, of over,
doing, on the one hand, by making too much of the y, and
on the other hand, of sounding only the 00 after the man-

dooty
soot

has this sound when it ner of careless speakers.

occurs before r in a monosyllable (as in for, form, lord,
It ought to be added that wherever the sound of sh, zh,
ndrth) or in an accented syllable when not followed by a
or y consonant, precedes the u, the y is omitted, as in
vowel or by another r, as in fdr'mer, dr'chard, abhdr', and
yule
sure, sounded shoor
sugar, shoogar azure, azh/oor
also in the derivatives of such words, as in formed, northern, abhdr'ring. But when o occurs, in an accented syllable, yool, &c.
before r followed by a vowel or by another r in a word not
31. Regular short sound, marked tf, II, as in bUt ;
a derivative, it has its regular short sound, as in for'eign, heard also in sun, does, blood, touch, &c.
or'ange, tor'rid. These two sounds of o, namely, the broad,
Note. This is not the short sound of long u. It is a
like that of a in call, and the short, like that of a in what,
di&tinct and simple element, and derives its peculiar guthave been confounded by some orthoepists but there is
tural character from the influence of the pharynx and back
an obvious difference between them, not only in quantity,
part of the mouth. In its organic formation, it is essentialbut also in quality, the short vowel being more open than
ly the same sound as u in urge, but is shorter in quantity,
See 8, Note.
the broad.
See 3, NOTE, and
and of a rather more open quality.
letter o generally

8,

OO.
28. Regular long or open sound, marked
moon, food ; heard also in rheum, drew, to,

in

oeuvre, group, rude, rue, recruit,

0~0,

6"o,

32. Sound of u when preceded by r in the same

marked U, u, as in rude, rumor, rural, &c.

syl-'

lable,

&c.

This sound is the same element with the u of

Note.
the Germans, Spaniards, and Italians, and coincides with
the French ou in route. It is the closest labial vowel that
is to say, in forming it the lips are more nearly closed than
for any other vowel, the sides being brought into contact
with each other so as to leave only a small central aperture
for the escape of the voice.
27. Regular short sound of 00, marked 00, o*b, as
See
in wdbl, foot ; heard also in wolf, should, bull, &c.
8, Note.
;

28. The following words, room, root, roof, rood, broom,

and soon, have properly the long sound of 00, as in fo'od
but many pronounce them with the short sound,
(see 26)
;

New Englanders especially are often

as in foot (see 27).
recognized abroad by their habit of pronouncing room,
room ; root, root roqf, roof; rood, rood broom, broom,
and soon, soon.
;

IT.

Occasional Sounds of U.

as

man-

canoe,

Note.

29. Regular long SOund, marked U,

u, as in mute,

NOTE. All the English orthoepists agree that the u in

this case drops the y or ? which is generally an element of
compound sound when preceded, in the same syllable,
by any other consonant than r, and becomes simply 00, so
that rue is pronounced rob rule, rool ruby, ro"oby, &c.

its

33. Sound of u like that of short 00 (cTo), marked

See 8, Note, and
u, as in bull, put, push, pull, &c.

27.

34. Sound of u before r in such words as Urge, burn,

&c, marked ft, ti heard also in worm, jour-

furl, concur,

ney, &c.

Note. This

often called the natural vowel, because

it requires almost no effort to utter it, the mouth being
slightly opened in the easiest or most natural and unconstrained manner for the passage of voice in a nearly unmodified form. But the name is scarcely appropriate for
the sound is altogether wanting in many languages, and
it occupies a
with the single exception of the English
comparatively subordinate place in the vowel systems of
the principal tongues in which it occurs. It has been more
aptly termed the neutral vowel, with reference to its want
is

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.
and this
of any strongly-marked distinctive character
is here adopted as, on the whole, preferable to any
other. The sound differs from that of short u (with which
it has often been identified) in length, and in a somewhat
greater degree of closeness. (See 8, Note.) It occurs,
in monosyllables, before r not followed by a vowel (as in
in accented syllables, becur, fur, furl, hurt, burst, pun)
fore r final or r followed by one or more consonants different
from itself (as in recur', cur'few, fur'long, disbursed') and
in derivatives from any such words (as currish, furry, purring, recurring). Except in the cases here specified, the
letter u before r has its short sound, as in cur'ry, hur'ry.
;

42. When an unaccented syllable ends in a consonant,

its vowel, if single, has, in strict theory, its regular short
or shut sound, though uttered somewhat more faintly, or
with a less proportionate force, than in an accented syllable,
In many words of
as in as-sign', con'duct, con'flict, &c.
this class, however, the vowel is apt to suffer a change or
corruption of its distinctive quality, passing over into some
sound of easier utterance. Thus the vowel sounds in tho
ir, or, yr (as in altar, offer,
coincident with that of the
second u in sulphur. As a general rule, a and o, in unaccented syllables ending in a consonant, verge toward, or
fall into, the sound of short u, particularly in colloquial
discourse, as in bal'lad, h&r'rack, vev'bal, bed'lam, cap'stan,

unaccented syllables
tapir,

Y.
35. Regular long sound,
sky, edify, &c.

Note. This

is

marked T,

y, as in fly, style,

the same sound as long

i.

See 15.

36. Regular short sound, marked Y, f, as in

nymph, lyric, abyss, coinciding with the sound of short

cpst,
i.

See 16.

VOWELS LN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES.

HI.

name

ar, er,

mirror, zephyr), are

jal'ap,

bi'as,

bal'last,

h&y'oc,

meth'od,

pis'tol,

ven'om,

ux'lot, -pvov'ost.
In such words,
would ordinarily be the merest pedantry or affectation

compel', flag'on, bish'ojo,

it

to give the vowel its regular short sound.

Occasional, Sound of Y.

The vowel e, in unaccented syllables ending in a consonant, is, in some words, liable to be sounded like short i
37. Y has only one occasional sound namely, in such
words as myrrh, myrtle, in which it has, like the e and i in (as in barrel), and, in others, like short u (as in silent) but
similar circumstances (see 14 and 18), very nearly the these changes are usually avoided by good speakers.
It may here be remarked, that some of the diphthongs
sound of u in urge. This is indicated in the Dictionary by
Thus ai,
respelling, the words in which y has this sound being very are similarly affected by the absence of accent.
which, in an accented syllable, is usually sounded like long
few in number.
a (as in corn-plain'), sinks into 8 or i in an unaccented
REGULAR OR PROPER DIPHTHONGS.
II.
syllable, as in mountain, pronounced moun'ten or moun 7 tin.
So ei, ey, and ie become changed in pronunciation
OI or OY.
into 1 (as in surfeit, hon'ey, car'fied), and ou is sounded as
oi
oy
oil,
sound
of
or
(unmarked),
as
heard
in
The
38.

u (as in griev'ous).
join, oyster, &c.
It is also to be observed, that, in the unaccented sylla;

"

NOTE

The elements of this diphthong are 6 as in cord

(the same as broad a), and t as in fin (short i), with the
Oy is always regular in English
accent on the former.
words, and oi is regular also, except in the following cases
namely, avoirdupois (av-wr-du-poiz'), connoisseur (kon-issoor'), shamois (sh&m'my), choir (kwire), tortoise (tor'iis),
tur-quois (sometimes pronounced tur-keez').
Until near the beginning of the present century, oi was
extensively pronounced like long ?*, aajlne for join, file for
but this pronunciation is now confined exroil, &c.
clusively to the lowest classes.
;

ow.
39. The sound of
vowel, flower, &c.

ow

some words from the Latin, the vowel is long,

though followed by a consonant in the same syllable, as in
cantharides ; but, in such cases, the long mark is, in the
bles of

Dictionary, placed over the vowel.

43. When the unaccented syllable does not end in a
consonant, two cases arise namely,
(1.) The syllable may consist of, or may end in, a vowel,
as in the words a-bound', di-recf, e-vent/, mo-lesf, &c.
(2.) The syllable may end in a consonant, with final e
mute at the close of words, as in ul'ti-maie, u'nite, rep7 ;

tile,

(unmarked), as heard in owl,

&c.

The former of these

will, for

the sake of brevity, be

now be con-

called No. 1, the latter No. 2.

These will
sidered under each of the vowels.

Note
This diphthong is compounded of the elements
a and oo, the former of which is accented, but made extremely brief. In a considerable number of words, ow
represents the sound of long o ; in the single word knowlSee 43.) Here the a has properly a
44. (No. 1.
edge and in its derivatives, it has the sound (Of short o.
brief sound of the Italian a, as in Cu'ba, a-muse', vi-merlThese are accordingly distinguished by the proper mark, as
but,
in
familiar
speech, it is almost always so slighted
ca
blow, slow, know, knowledge, &c.
and obscured as to be indistinguishable from the neutral
OTJ.
vowel, or u in urge, murmur, &c.
In some words, like
a-e'ri-al, cha-ofic, &c, the a has its regular long or name
40. This diphthong has two leading sounds.
sound, somewhat shortened by the omission of the " van(1.) That of ow in words derived from the Anglo-Saxon,
ish." This is due to the influence of the subsequent vowel,
as in out , hound, &c.
(2.) That of oo in words derived from the French, as in which, in fluent utterance, refuses to take the Italian a
soup, group, &c.
before it without the intervention of one or more conSome speakers in this country give the same
41. The diphthong ou has also, in a number of words, sonants.
the sound of long o. as in soul; in a few cases, the sound brief sound of long a to this letter when it occurs in an
of the broad a, as in bought (bawt)
sometimes that of initial unaccented syllable followed by a consonant in an
short u, as in couple ; sometimes that of u in urge, as in accented syllable, as in a-bound', fa-tal'i-ty but this pracadjourn (adjurn) and, in the three words could, would, tice is not sanctioned by the best orthoepists. In the tershould, that of oo as in foot.
These peculiarities are indi- ruinations -a-ny and -a-ry, the a has usually the same
cated in this Dictionary by the appropriate mark over the sound as short e unaccented, as ia mis'cel-la-ny, moment,
significant or sounded vowel, or by respelling.
a-ry, &c.
.

"

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.

Xll

45. (No. 2. See 43.) Here the a has sometimes its

long sound, particularly in verbs ending in ate, as, dediIn other parts of speech, the sound
cate, ed'u-cate, &c.
of the a is more obscure, verging toward short e, as in ul'In some instances it
preface, &c.
night'in-gale,
ti-mate,
is apt to verge toward short i, as in village.

E.
long sound,
46. (No. 1. See 43.) Here the e has its
slightly obscure or abridged, as in e-vent', e-mo tion, soCare should be taken not to sink the e into
ci'e-ty, &c.
indefinite sound of short u, as, society for society, &c.
See 43-) Here, also, the e has usually
47. (No. 2.
its long sound a little shortened and slighted, as in obsoIn a few instances, it verges toward short e, as in
lete.

an

I.

great diversity in the case of this letter. Hence

and, as Smart reit is difficult to lay down general rules
marks, " The inquirer must be sent to the Dictionary to
learn, in each particular case, the true pronunciation."
I, when final in a syllable,
See 43.)
48. (No. 1.
has more commonly its short sound, as in phl-los'o-phy,
But the i is usually long in the initial sylladl-rect', &c.
is

bles

i, bi,

chi, cli, cri, pri, tri,

te'ri-on, prl-me'val,

as in t-de'a, bl-ol'o-gy, crl-

&c.

49. (No. 2. See 43.) In these terminations, usage

On the whole, the i is more generally
greatly divided.
short, as in ac-com'plzce, in'fi-nlte, fer'tlle, mar'i-ttme,
but there are some
ad-a-man'tzne, an^se, pos'i-tive, &c.

is

important exceptions,
cu-blne, ar'chlve, &c.

as, eock'a-trlce, ex'lle, gen'tlle,

;

the u

preceded by d, t, or s, these combinations, da,

by the great majority of speakers changed
into joo, choo, and shoo or zhoo, respectively, as in ed'u-cate (ej'oo-kate), ha-bit^-al (ha-blch'oo-al), sen'sK-ous
tu,

and

is

su, are

(sen'shoo-us), vis'u-al (vizh'oo-al).

(See 66, 77, 92, 93,

In the notation of words of this class in the
Dictionary, the regular pronunciation is generally given
instead of the irregular, in conformity with the views of
Dr. Webster
but, in many instances, reference is made t
the remarks contained in the present section.
When th
u is preceded by r, it simply drops the y sound, and is
pronounced oo, as in er-u-di'tion (er-oo-dish'un). (See

and

95,

107.)

32.)

See 43.) The u in these terminations

53. (No. 2.
should generally retain its regular long sound (see 29,
30) slightly abridged, as in gratfi-foide, in'sti-fcute, rid'icftle, tribute, im-post/htime, sub'ter-t'fge, &c.
There are

college.

There

when

also all

con7 -

names of minerals ending

a few exceptions, as min'wte (mhVit),

n.,

and

let'tace (tes-

If the letter r precedes the u, the initial element of

the vowel is dropped, as in ce'rwse (se'roos), per'wke (peVook), &c.
(See 32.)
On the other hand, when the u is
immediately preceded by the letter t, it should never be
changed into mere oo, as gratd-tood for grat i-tf/de, in'stitoot for hvsti-tute
a practice which prevails among the
vulgar.
dure,
The terminations
Utre, and sure, though sometimes
pronounced with the regular sounds of the letters, are more
commonly pronounced joor, choor, and shoor or zhoor, respectively, as in the words tem'per-a-tvre (tem'per-a-choor),
ver'dwre (ver'joor), cy'no-swre (si no-shoor), ex-po'SMre (ekstis).

(See 66, 77. 92, 93, 95, and 107.) When these
terminations are immediately preceded by an accented syllable, many speakers change them still further into chur,
jur, and shur, or zhur, as in na't^re (na'chur), ver'dwre
(ver'jur), cen'swre (sen'shur), ex-po'sHre (eks-po'zhur). The
Dictionary follows the practice of Dr. Webster in giving to
dure and ture the regular sounds of d, t, and u (pronouncing verdure, verd'yoor, creature, kreet'joor, &c), while sure
is respelt shoor or zhoor, as in the examples given above.
but it is one of little
This, it is true, is an inconsistency
moment, inasmuch as general usage is so fluctuating, and
as reference is in most cases made to the present section.

po'zhoor).

'

Here the Dicin lite or ite ; as chrys'o-llte, ste'a-tlte, &c.

Accordtionary must be consulted for the several woras.
ing to Smart and Cull, chemical terms ending in ide (as
bromide, chloride, &c.) should be pronounced with the i
long but all other orthoepists are unanimous in making
the vowel short and the propriety of the latter mode of
pronunciation is established by the fact that this whole
class of words is not unfrequently spelled without the final
e, thus, bromid, cklorid.
;

O.
50. (No. 1. See 43.) Here the o has usually its long
sound slightly abbreviated, and without its vanish

Care
(see 19), as in o-pin'ion, croc'o-dile, to-bac'co, &c.
should here be taken not to sink the o into short u, as care-

Here y has usually its short

See 43.)
54. (No. 1.
sound, as in hy-poc'ri-s?/, m^-thol'o-gy, van'i-ty, mer'ri-lj/,
but verbs ending in fy have the y long,
proph'e-ci?, &c.
also the three verbs, oc'as in jus'ti-fy, mag'ni-fy, &c.
;

speakers often do, pronouncing o-pin'ion, z/p-pin'ion,

&c. An exception, however, is perhaps to be made in the cu-py, mul'ti-ply, proph'e-sy.
See 43.)
The y in these terminations
case of the terminations -o-ny and -o-ry, in which, accord 55. (No. 2.
ing to universal usage in England, the o is sounded like (which are few in number) is generally long, as in an'o,
short u unaccented, as in mat'ri-mo-ny, prom'is-so-ry, &c. d^ne, per/i-stylSj ne'o-phyte, pros'e-lj/te, &c.
Yet most speakers in this country give the o in such words
SILENT YOWELS.
TV.
its long sound, slightly abbreviated, as in other unaccented
syllables. The practice
of laytoo common among us
Yowels which are printed in Italics are not to
5Q,
ing a secondary accent on the o is a fault which should be be sounded, as the e in used, burden, the i in cousm, &c.
sedulously avoided.
See 110.
Some of these cases require a more particular consideration,
See 43.) The o in these terminations and will now be mentioned.
51. (No. 2.
has usually its regular long sound, as in tel'e-scope, ep'ode,
&c. Sometimes it has the sound of short o, as in diafinal.
logue : in other cases, it verges toward short u, as in
57. The letter e is always mute when final, except in
purpose.
monosyllables containing no other vowel, in classical words,
U.
and in some words from modern foreign languages but, in
See 43.) Here the u generally has its a monosyllable or in an accented syllable of a word, though
52. (No. 1.
long sound slightly abridged, as in ac'cM-rate, e-moVu- silent, it generally serves the purpose of indicating that a
aient, man-M-mit', an'nw-al, dep'w-tize, w-til'i-ty.
But preceding single vowel followed by a single consonant, a
less

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.
consonant digraph, or the combined letters st or ng, has its
regular long sound, as in plane, hope, cube, inscribe, paste,
change. When a silent e follows c or g at the end of a word,
it serves also to show that the consonant is to have its soft,
and not its hard, sound, as in ace, nice, age, huge, oblige.
In a number of monosyllables (as bade, come, give, were,
done, &c.) and in the accented syllables of a few words derived from them (as forbade 1 become' forgive'), the e does
not have its usual effect of lengthening the sound of the
preceding vowel.
In unaccented syllables, it sometimes
keeps the vowel in its long sound, as in gen'tlle, su'pine,
fi'nite, ar'chive : but in a great many instances it exercises
no such influence, as in jus'rtce, hos'tile, mar'i-Vime, doc',

JC11I

to pronounce the participial termination -ed, in most cases

in which it is not preceded by a vowel (as in believed, rehe did predesvealed), as a distinct syllable. Thus, "
tinate, them he also call-ed; and whom hecall-ed, them he
and whom he justified, them he also gloalso justified
rified." This usage was formerly a very prevalent one, but
at the present time it is much more limited, and is commonly regarded as savoring of affectation or of an old-

Whom

school education.

EL
As

with

silent

sounded in these terminations, as in grave/, level, vessel, chape/, &c.

To omit
the e in such cases, pronouncing level, lev'l, chapel, chap'l,
&c, is generally regarded as a vulgarism. The following
trlne, an'ise, gran'ite, plain'tive.
are nearly or quite all the words of this kind in which the
with
silent.
namely, barbel, betel, chattel, drazel,
e is properly omitted
drivel, easel, grovel, hazel, mangel wurzel, mantel, mis 58. Most words ending in en drop the e in pronuncianavel,
ousel, ravel, rivel, scovel, shekel,
pickel,
mussel,
heaven
(heav'n),
even
(ev'n),
&c. One
tion, as, often (ol' n),

EN

61.

a general rule, the

e is

of the most prevalent errors of the present day, especially

clergy (for the lait}T have fallen into it much
less), is that of pronouncing the words even (ev'n) evun,
heaven (heav"n) heav//n or heaven, often (ofn) often, &c.
Walker remarks with great keenness on this error, declarIf the
ing it to be a .. puerile and false pronunciation."
writer is correctly informed, it is never heard among good
The following are nearly all the
speakers in England.
words in which the e should be sounded aspen, chicken,
hyphen, kitchen, jerken, latten, lichen, marten, mynchen,
The e
paten, patten, platen, rowen, wicken, and yewen.
is also sounded when preceded by the liquids J, m, n, r, as
in woo/en, omen, linen, siren, &c, though fallen, stolen,
and swollen omit the e in pronunciation. With regard to
Eden, bound en, heathen, mitten, sudden, and sloven, there
is a diversity of usage among good speakers in this country,
some suppressing, and some sounding, the e.

among our

shovel, shrivel, snivel, swingel, swivel, teasel, toggel, towsel,

weasel, and, according to a few orthoepists, model.

CONSONANTS.

ON with O

/,

omit the

c,

ck, s,

o in pronunciation, as in reckon (reck'n),

ED

with

formed by the compression of

vocalized breath or voice, within the mouth, while the lips

are shut and the back nostrils are closed by covering them
with the soft palate. When preceded by m, or followed by
t, in the same syllable, b is generally silent, as in bomb,
climb, tomb, debt, doubt, subt'le, &c. Accumb, dithyramb,
iamb, succumb, rhomb, rhumb, are said to be exceptions
yet,m this country, the first and the fourth of these words
are commonly pronounced without sounding the b.
is
also silent in bdellium.
;

C.

Note. It

silent.

dogged, hooked, jagged, learned, legged, naked, peaked,

picked (sharp), ragged, rugged, stubbed, ivirked, winged,
wretched.
The e is also pronounced in the derivatives
as, learnedly, blessedness

but

generally omitted in the compounds, as,fu l-aged (ajd),

sheath-winged (-wingd). In poetry, the meter often requires
us to pronounce ed as a distinct syllable, when it would not
be so pronounced in prose. In all cases where it should
properly be sounded, its omission is a mark of great vul!

garity.

is

63. C marked thus, C, c (soft

as in cede, trace, acid, cypress, &c.

crabbed, cragged, crooked, crutched, cursed, cusped, deuced,

is

sound

and

60 The

formed from such adjectives,

This

bacon

mutton (mutt'n), &c.

termination ed is usually shortened in pronunciation by dropping the sound of the e (as in loved
(lov'd). aimed (aim'd), diffused (diffus'd), &c), unless this
letter is preceded by d or t (as in amended, contented, Sec),
when its omission is organically impossible. But in adverbs
formed by adding ly, and in nouns, formed by adding ness
to words ending in ed, the e of this termination is uniformly
sounded, as in assuredly, confusedly, reneivedly, amazedness, composedness, &c.
There are also some participial
adjectives, and some adjectives not derived from verbs, in
which the e is commonly sounded, as, aged, beloved, blessed,

Note.

silent.

59. Many words ending in on preceded by

(bak'n), treason (treas'n),

62. The sound represented by this letter (which is unmarked) is heard in the words barn, rob, labor, table, &c.

c),

has the sound of s,

takes this sound whenever it occurs before

or y.
See S, 90.
the letters ce or ci are immediately preceded by an
accented syllable, and are followed by a vowel in the next
syllable, the c combines in pronunciation with the e or i to
form the sound sh, as in ocean, social, saponaceous, &c.
In some words, c alone has this sound, or, rather, the e or
i is used twice, first combining with the c to represent the
sound of sh, and then, in the same syllable, taking on its
customary vowel sound, as in so-ci-al'i-ty.
See SH, 95.
e

(even

if silent), i,

When

64.

when
when

it
it

C marked

thus, <3, (hard c), has the sound of &

comes before a, o, it, I, or r, before k, s, or t, and
ends a word or a syllable, as in call, cot, cut, clot y

crown, black, act, zinc, traffic, pic'ture, ftae'eid, eth'ics.

See K, 78.
65. C has the sound of z in the words sacrifice, sice,
It is silent in
suffice, and discern, and in their derivatives.
the words czar, victuals, indict, and their derivatives, and
also in the termination scle, as in muscle, corpuscle, &c.

CH.

66. Ch unmarked (English

sound of

tsh,

ch)

has very nearly the

as in child, much, richer, speechless, &c.

Note.
The compound sound signified by this digraph
NOTE. In reading the Scriptures and Prayer-Book, is not precisely equivalent to that represented by tsh. The
some persons, chiefly among the clergy, make it a practice ordinary sound of t is uttered with the tip of the tongue

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.

xiv

pressed against the gum of the upper front teeth. The first
element of ch is uttered with the upper flat surface of the
tongue, near the tip, applied to the gum at a point higher
up, just where a relaxation of the contact produces the
configuration requisite for sounding sh, the second constituent of the compound. The two elements are so closely
blended in pronunciation that, like a diphthong or compound vowel, they have the effect of only a single sound or
beat upon the ear.
When the letter t comes before u ( yoo) in an unaccented syllable, and is at the same time preceded by an accented syllable (as in nature), or when it is preceded by sor
x in an accented syllable, and is immediately followed by ia
(= ya) or io (= yo) in an unaccented syllable (as in Christian, question, admixtion), both this letter and the y virtually following it are, by some speakers, preserved in their
thus, nature (nat'yoor)
usual and appropriate sounds
Christian (krlst'yan), question (kwgsVyun), admixtion (admikst'yun), &c. But by others they are suffered to sink
into the easier and closely allied sound of ch in church ;
thus, nature (na-choor), Christian (krls'chan), question
(kweVchun), admixtion (ad-miks'chun), &c. In regard to
the pronunciation of words ending in teous, when this termination is not under, but is immediately preceded by, the
accent (as in boun'teous), usage is far from being uniform,
6ome calling it t-yus (as bounl'yus), others reducing it to
chus (as boun'chus), while others corrupt it into che-us (as
boun'cheus) ; but that mode which keeps both the t and the
e in their customary sounds (.as boun'te-us), is the most
common, except in the single word righteous, which is
properly pronounced rlt'yus, or rl'chus.

compounds hereof, thereof, and whereof, many speakers

preserve the customary and regular sound of the f; but
good usage allows it to be sounded as in the simple word.

G.

marked thus, u, g (g hard), has the sound of

72.
that letter in the word go ; as in get, gave, give, begun,
keg, sluggish, smuggle, &c.

Note
This sound is produced by a compression of intonated breath, or voice, confined within the mouth by a
contact of the root of the tongue with the posterior part
of the palate, which is at the same time raised sufficiently
to cover the back nostrils, or openings from the pharynx
into the nose.
G is hard before a (except in the single word gaol and its
derivatives), o, u, h f I, and r, as in gate, gore, gum, ghastly,
glad, grain. It is sometimes, though not usually, hard
before e, i, and y, as in get, give, gibbous, muggy. This
occurs chiefly in words from the Anglo-Saxon, and in a very
few from the Greek. It is also, and always, hard at the
end of words, and in the derivatives of such words, even
when the g is doubled and followed by e, i, or y, as in crag,
drug, fog, cragged, druggist, foggy.
When a, I, or t, is preceded in the same syllable by the
sound of g, or of k, very many speakers, particularly in
England, interpose a slight sound of e, as in card, kind,
garden, guard, girl, guile, guise, sky. Some persons affect
the introduction of a full and distinct sound of long e, or
of consonant y, in such cases
saying kee-ard or k-yard,
kee-lnd or k-ylnd, ske-y or sk-yl, &c. The practice of a
very large portion, if not a majority, of the best speakers
ch),
the
(French
has
Ch,
ch
67. Ch marked thus,
in the United States, and also of many educated persons in
See
sound of sh, as ia cliaise, marchioness, machine, &c.
England, is to join the sound of the g or k to that of the a
SH, 95. Most words of this kind are derived, from the or I, without suffering any other sound to slip in between
French.
them.
68. Ch marked thus, h, ch (Latin ch), has the
73. G marked thus, G, g (g soft), has the compound
eound of k, as in chorus, epoch, distich, &c. This is the sound of j, as in gem, rage, engine, caged, &c.
See 77.
usual sound in words derived from the ancient languages
Note. The letter g generally takes this sound when it
"but cherub and charity, with their derivatives, are excepcomes before e, i, or y; but there are some exceptions. (See
tions.
Ch is always hard (like k) before I and r, as in chlo- the preceding section.) G has also its soft sound before a
rine, chrism.
in the single word gaol (now commonly spelled jail), and in
.

derivatives

and compounds.

Note. The prefix arch, denoting chief, is pronounced its

ark in archangel and its derivatives, and in words from
74. In a few words from the French, g retains the
foreign languages in which the other component part is not sound of zh, which it has before e and i in that language,
separately current in English, as, architecture, arcAipelago, as in rouge (roozh), mirage (ml-ra'zh/), &c.
architrave, &c. In all other cases, it is pronounced artch,
G is silent before and n final, and also when initial
as in arcA-bishop, arcA-enemy, arc/t-fiend, &c.
before n, as in phlegm, sign, gnat.
69. Ch is silent in the word drachm (though not in
For the office which g performs in such words as longer,
drachma, drak/ma), and also in scAism, yacAt (yot), and stronger, &c, see
82.

their derivatives.

GH.
D.

(which is unmarked) is sounded, at

75. This digraph
70. The sound of d (unmarked), as in dale, sad, rider, the beginning of a word, like g hard, as in ghastly, ghost,
tradesman, &c.
It is silent after the vowel ?', as in high, sigh,
gherkin, &c.
Note. The sound of this letter is formed by pressing weigh ; and it is generally silent before t, as in bought,
The words draught and laughter,
the end of the tongue against the upper gums, and then fraught, taught, &c.
forcing up vocalized breath, or voice, into the mouth, the where it has the sound of/, are exceptions.
In other
soft palate being raised to prevent its escape through the cases, gh is generally pronounced like/, as in chough, cough,
nose.
but it sometimes has
rough, tough, trough, enough, &c.

This is the regular and usual sound of d ; but when this

letter follows a whispered or non-vocal consonant in the
same syllable, it uniformly takes the sound of t, as in hissed
(hist).

(See 108.)

the sound of k, as in hough, lough, shough.

hiccough, it is usually pronounced like p.

In the word

D is silent only in the words Wednes-

day and handkerchief.

inite, softly,

leaf, def-

&c.

letter, w,hich is never silent, is uttered by

lower lip to the upper front teeth, and emit-

Bingle

word

of,

(which

and

is

unmarked) is a mere aspirano fixed configuration of

represents

Note. It is an emission of unvocalized breath through

whatever position of the mouth-organs is required by the
succeeding element, the organs being always placed to form
JF has only this one sound, except in the the next following letter before the A is pronounced. Thus,
in which it has the power of v. In the in he the tongue is put in a position to sound the e before

NOTE. This
applying the
ting the breath

76. This
tion or breathing,
the vocal organs.

letter

F.
71. The sound of/ (unmarked), as in fame,

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.
NOTE. In the production of this sound, the
and similarly in
hard, home, &c. It

kail,
the A ia uttered ;
differs, however, from a mere whispered vowel, in being an
expiration of breath through the open glottis, whereas in
whispering a vowel the glottis is almost closed by the approximation of the vocal cords.
In the following words, heir, heiress, herb, herbage, honest,
honor , honorable hour, with their derivatives, and also in
hostler (more properly spelt ostler), h is silent.
It is also
marked as silent by most orthoe'pists in hospital, humor, and
humble, with their derivatives. There is, however, an increasing tendency to sound the h in these words.
is
silent after g initial, as in ghost, gherkin, &c.
after r,as in
rhyme, myrrh, &c. ; and also when preceded by a vowel in
the same syllable, as in ah, eh, oh, buhl, Jehovah, &c. In
many parts of England, the sound of this letter is almost
always omitted where it ought to be uttered, and uttered
where it ought to be omitted as 'ouse for house, hopple for
apple, &c. This very gross and vulgar error is rarely, if
ever, heard among natives of the United States.
,

XV
tip

of the

tongue is pressed against the upper gums, as for d ; but the

voice, instead of being confined within the mouth, is suffered to escape uninterruptedly through the nose, the nasal
passages being uncovered for that purpose.
When final after I or m, n is uniformly silent, as in kiln,

condemn, solemn, hymn, limn, &c. but it is generally

sounded in the derivatives formed from such words by adding to them a termination beginning with a vowel, as in
condemnatory, solemnize, hymnic, limner, &c.
In the
present participles of verbs ending in mn, as contemn,
hymn, &c, the n, though often unpronounced, is more
properly sounded, as, contemning, hymning, &c.
;

The sound

82.

&c. (marked N,

of

as heard in linger, link) uncle,

n).

This

Note
is essentially the same sound as that represented by ng ; but its length varies greatly according as it
followed by a whispered or a vocal consonant. When it
is followed in the same syllable by the sound of k as in link,
it is cut so short by the instantaneous and perfect closure
of the organs which form this pure mute as to add almost
nothing to the length of the syllable. It seems undesirable,
therefore, to respell words ending in nk by the use of ng ; and,
in this volume, this is not done, a diacritical mark being
placed below the n instead, as a sufficient indication of the
true quality and quantity of the sound. But when this
sound of n is followed by that of g in a separate syllable,
as in the primitive words anger, finger, conger, hunger, it is
long and sonorous, and increases the duration of the syllabic utterance very perceptibly.
As a general rule, the
change of n into n takes place only before g and k (or before
the equivalents of k, namely, c, q, and x
ks. It takes place
before k or its equivalents when any one of these letters follows n in the same syllable, as in link, cinque, minx, bethink, adungue 7 phar'ynx and before g or k, or an equivalent of k, when any one of these letters begins an unaccented syllable and the n ends a preceding accented one,
as in concord, congress, un'cle, &c. Penguin and a few
other words are exceptions also words beginning with the
prefixes in, non, quinque, and un; as, income, non'con.

is

J.
77. This letter (which i3 unmarked) has very nearly
the sound of dzh, being precisely the same as that of g
See 73.
soft, as in jar, jeer, joke, &c.

NOTE.

The sound of

/,

though almost identical with

as the sound of ch in chin dif-

that of dzh, differs from it

fers from that of tsh.
(See 66, NOTE.
J" is never silent.
In the word hallelujah, it has the sound of consonant y.
In words in which d precedes a letter having regularly
the sound of y, and occurring in an unaccented syllable, as
in modulate (mod'u-late), soldier (sold'yer), the sound of j
is very often substituted for the combined sounds of the d
and y (thus, mSj'oo-late, sol'jer)
just as the sound of ch
is substituted for the combined sounds of t and y in nature, question, righteous, &c.
(See 66, NOTE.) Smart
remarks, " It is possible to preserve the pure sound of the
t and d in nature and verdure ; yet nothing is more certain
than that they are not preserved pure by the best and most
)

careful speakers."

K.

form'ity, quiVguevalve, un'compound'ed, &c. It is to be

78. This letter (which is unmarked) has one uniform observed that, if the n ends an unaccented syllable, and the
sound, as heard in keep, king, kitchen, &c, and is precisely g or k begins an accented one, the n invariably retains its
regular sound as in con-cord'ant, con-gres'sional, &c.
equivalent to c hard.
See 64.
It is also to be observed that in most derivative words,
Note
The sound represented by this letter differs from like hanger, singer, wronger (from hang, sing, and wrong),
that of g in go (hard g) only in being a whispered and not the
g is not sounded, but unites with the n to represent
a vocal utterance ; the organs are placed in the same posi- the sound which in the primitives just cited is
represented
tion for forming both sounds.
Before n, in the same sylla- by n alone. But in the comparative
and superlative deble, k is silent, as in knack, knell, knit, know, &c.
It is grees of the three following words,
namely, long, strong, and
c,
also silent after
as in back, barrack, &c. In regard to the young, and also
in the words diphthongal and triphthongal
pronunciation sometimes given to such words as kind, sky, (from diphthong
and triphthong), the g is always, though
&c, see 72, Note.
very irregularly, pronounced, taking its hard sound, as in
go; thus, lon'ger, stron'ger, &c. It is further to be observed that there is a small class of words in which the n
79. The sound of I (unmarked), as heard, in left, bell,
has its ordinary sound, as in nail, and the g its soft sound,
chalice, melting, &c.
as in gem. Of this class, the words danger, stranger, ginThis letter has only one sound, which consists ger, and plunger are examples.
of an efflux of vocalized breath, or voice, over the sides of
83. The sound of ng (unmarked), as in sing, singer,
the tongue, while its tip is pressed against the gums of the
singly, &c.
upper front teeth.
is silent in many words, especially
before a final consonant, as in almond, malmsey, palmer,
Note.
This is a simple elementary sound, and is not
alms, calm, walk, half, could, would, should, &c.
(as might be supposed) a compound sound made up of tho
sound of n in conjunction with that of g. In forming ng,
the tongue is placed in the same position as for forming g
(unmarked), as heard in make, the nostrils, however, are not completely closed, but yet so
80. The sound of
much so as to produce a marked resonance (somewhat simaim, clamor, armed, &c.
ilar to the sound of n), which may be continued to any
NOTE.
This letter has one uniform sound, produced by length, as in sing,
bring, &c.
See 82.
closing the lips, and letting the voice issue through the
nose. It is silent when it precedes n in the same syllable,
P.
as in mnemonics.
84. The sound of p (unmarked), as heard in pay, ape,
W.
paper, aptly, &c.
81. The sound of n (unmarked), as heard in nail, ten,
NOTE. The position of the organs necessary for forming
panel, entry, &c.
this sound is the same as for b but the sound itself differs
t

Note

M.

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.

XVI

from that of b in being an utterance of the breath instead against the extremity of the soft palate. Many writers,
of the voice.
however, do not admit any such distinction in the sound
P has but one sound it is silent when initial before n, s, of r, maintaining that the value of the letter (apart from
and I, as in pneumatics, psalm, pshaw, ptarmigan. It is the obscure vowel element described
in No. 3) is uniform in
also silent or very indistinct when it occurs between
and
all situations.
t in the same syllable, as in tempt, exempt, &c.
but when
R,
connected
with
sgguttural
(3.)
vowel sound, as heard
preceded by m in the same syllable and followed by t or by
k in the next syllable, it is more properly sounded as in in such words as fare, mere, ire, ore, cure, poor, pure, &c
iemp-ta'tion, exemption, redemption, consumptive, sump' - Here the character r represents two sounds namely, an obtuous, bump kin, pump' kin, &c, though, in colloquial ut- scure vowel sound resembling that of u in urge, and a smooth
terance, it is very often suppressed in words of this class. or palatal r, so that the above words are pronounced
faur (see
It. is also mute in the following words, and in their deriva4), meur, lur, &c.
tives
namely, raspberry, receipt, sempstress, accompt, and
corps.
88. In the pronunciation of accurate speakers, r is
never silent but when it occurs after a long vowel or a
PH.
dipththong in the same syllable, as in here, fur, murmur,
85. This digraph (which is unmarked) occurs chiefly our, mire, &c, it is commonly and entirely suppressed,
in words of Greek derivation, and has usually the sound
both in the United States and the south of England. In
In Stephen it the northern counties
of f, as in. phantom, sylph, philosophy, &c.
of England, and in Scotland and Irehas the sound of v ; and, according to most orthoepists, it land, with
equal impropriety it is, when so situated, always
has the same sound in nephew (nev'ew), though in this trilled.
country it has commonly its regular sound of
in that
89. In English usage, when the letter r is preceded in
word.
an accented syllable by a long vowel or a diphthong, and is
Before th initial, ph is silent, as in />/ithisis it is also sifollowed by a vowel in the next syllable, it uniformly reprelent in apqp/ithegm.
In diphthong, triphthong, ophthalmy, sents both the palatal, or smooth,
and the dental, or trilled,
naphtha, and other allied words, together with their derivsound of this letter, as in hero, iris, glory, lurid, pronounced
atives, the ph is often sounded as p, or the h may be reher'ro, ir'ris, glor'ry, lur'rid.
In the United States, this
garded as silent.
double power of the letter r is chiefly, though not invariably, restricted to the derivatives of words ending in r or
Q.
re preceded by a long vowel or a diphthong, as in poorer
86. Q i s followed in all cases by u, and these two let(poor'rer), from poor; boring (bor'ring), from bore ; airy (ar'ters, taken together, have usually the sound of kw, as in
queen (kween), conquest (konk'wesi), &c. In a few words ry), from air; peerage (peer'rage), from peer ; wiry (wlr'ry),
derived from the French, qu is sounded like k, as in co- from wire ; securing (seciir'ring), from secure ; but, on the
quette, quadrille, &c.
It has the same sound in the com- other hand, we say he'ro, i'ris, glo'ry, lu/rid, &c, because
mon termination que, as in antique, oblique, burlesque, &c. these words are not derived from any other words in the
language.
In Scotland, however, the universal practice is
;

to join the r in all cases to the following vowel

R.
87. This letter (which
under three aspects

(1.)

is

unmarked) may be viewed

as in rip, trip, carol, &c. (sometimes called rough,

trilled, dental,

or initial

r).

words, to give
pee'rage

ring and

and

it

he'ro,

lii'rid,

only

its

or, in other
dental or trilled sound thus,
I'ris, bo'ring and glo'ry, secu;

wVry and

&c.

It is to be observed that those orthoSpists who maintain

that r has one invariable sound, assert that the only pecu-

In forming this sound, the tongue assumes nearly the

liarity in the English pronunciation of such words as hero,
same position as for d ; but the voice, instead of being coniris, &c, and in the English and American pronunciation
fined within the mouth, is suffered to flow freely over the
of such words as poorer, boring, &c, consists in the intertip of the tongue, producing a very slightly trilled and
position between the r and the preceding vowel of an obpecuharly liquid sound, closely resembling that of z in the
that of u in urge, which obscure
v ^i^e of its formation, but not partaking of its harsh, buzz- scure vowel sound like
sound is omitted by the Scotch.
the difference between the two sounds, in this
ing quality
respect, resulting from the fact that the tip of the tongue
S.
is approximated more closely to the upper gum for z than
S unmarked has its regular sharp or hissing
90.
R is sometimes strongly trilled or rolled by a forcible
for r.
sound, as in same, yes, massy, resting, &c.
expulsion of the voice but in customary speech it is very
Note. This sound is an utterance of unvocal breath
gently pronounced, and any marked vibration of the tongue
should be carefully avoided as a pedantie affectation. The forced between the tip of the tongue and the upper gum,
the tongue being placed in the proper position for sounding
sound here described is heard in English in the two followt and d.
S always has this sound at the begiuning, and
ing cases 1. When r is not preceded by a vowel, as in ream, frequently in the middle and at the end, of words.
Sec
dream, prompt, spring ; 2. When it stands between two 108.
vowels of* which the first is short, as in baron, merit, spirit,
has
the
buzzing
when
marked
thus,
S,
S,
g,
91.
Often the r is doubled in the written word, as in sound of z in zeal, as in has, amuse, rosy, &c.
florid.
See 108;

barren, merry, torrid

; but, in these cases, only one r is

Note. There has been much diversity among orthoeheard in the pronunciation, providing the preceding vowel pists as to the sound of 5 in words commencing in dis, as
" It
See 109.
is short.
disarm, disburse, &c. Walker laid down this rule
[s] ought always to be pronounced like z when unaccented
(2.) R as in far, form, terse, surge, &c. (sometimes called
and followed by an accented flat mute [b, d. g hard, v], a
smooth, palatal, guttural, obscure, or final r).
By most orthoepists at the present day, the letter r, when liquid [I, m, n, r~\, or a vowel." Hence he gave pronunciadisedify, diztions like the following disbud, dizbud
it occurs before any consonant, or when final, is regarded
disjoin, diziom; dislike, dizUke; dislodge, dizlo&ge,
edify
as a distinct element from the last, and as formed by a
&c. Scarcely any subsequent orthoepist has gone so far.
slight vibration of the back part, or root, of the tongue Webster's Dictionary gives 5 the sound of z in the following

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.
words only: namely, disarm,

disaster, aiscern, disease, disheir, dishonest, dishonor, dismal, disown, dissolve.

There are a few verbs ending in se, which are also used as
nouns or adjectives. To distinguish between them, the 5 is
vocalized in the verb, and whispered in the noun or adjechouse *n., and house, v.
tive
as close, a.,- and close, v.
diffuse, a., and diffuse, v.
use, n., and use, v.
;

92. "When the letter s, having regularly its sharp or

hissing sound, follows a liquid or another s, and precedes a
letter having the sound of consonant y, as
mansion, passion, and, in a few cases, when

in reversion,

it

precedes

xvu

(e-nun'shi-ate), expatiate (eks-pa'shT-ate), &c.

others pronounce it with a slight sound, as. of a very brief or halfsuppressed e, represented in the Dictionaries of Smart and
Cooley by an apostrophe, thus, enunciate (e-nun'sh'ate'),
expatiate (eks-pa'sh'ate), &c. others, again, as Sheridan,
Perry, and Dr. Webster, considering it an error to use the
vowel twice, pronounce these terminations, and others like
them, in one syllable; as, enunciate (e-ntin'shate), expatiate (eks-pa/shate), &c.
In this Dictionary, however,
these terminations are given in two syllables (-shi-ate), in
accordance with what is believed to be the best and most
general usage but a reference to the present section is
generally appended to words of this class, that the inquirer
may not be left in ignorance of the fact that there is a want
of uniformity in their pronunciation.
;

(=yoo), as in sure, sugar, censure, sensual, the sounds represented by these letters are exchanged for that of the simple but very similar element represented by sh. Thus the examples just given are actually pronounced re-ver'shun, man'shun. pash'un, shoor, sho'og'ar, cen'shoor, sen'shoo-al, though
the theoretical pronunciation would be re-vers'yun, mans'-

yun,p xss'yun.
r

s-yoor, s-yobg'ar, cens'yoor, sens'yoo-al.

In a few words,
sea, Asiatic

5 alone takes the

or rather the

or

?',

sound of

sh, as

in nan-

in such cases, does double

90. The sound of

noted, assets^, &c.

Note

(unmarked) as heard in

tone, note,

.
This sound differs from that of d (see 70) only
in being a whispered and not a vocal utterance
that is to
say, the position or configuration of the articulating organs
is the same in both cases, but for d the breath, confined
within the mouth by a close contact of the fore part of the
;

duty, imiting with the 5 to signify the sound of sh, and at

the same time retaining its usual vowel character.
93. When 5 is preceded by a vowel in an accented syl- tongue with the upper gum, is vocalized and rendered audilable, and is followed by a vowel having regularly or theo- ble in a sort of murmur heard before the organs separate,
retically the sound of consonant y, these two letters are while for t it is kept pure or unvocal, and cannot therefore
commonly pronounced like zh, as in adhesion, revision, ex- be heard until the contact is forcibly broken.
T is silent in the terminations ten and tie after 5, as in
(See 107.)
plosion, co7ifusion, jrteasure, visual, usury, &c.
fasten, listen, often, castle, gristle, throstle, &c. It is also
So also in scission, abscission, rescission, though the s is silent in the words chestnut, Christmas,
hostler, or ostler,
not preceded 03* a vowel in the accented syllable.
mistletoe, and mortgage.
5
is silent in the words aisle, isle, island, demesne,
94.

97. When t precedes any one of the diphthongs ia, ie,

puisne, viscount, and generally at the end of French words and io, and at the same time follows an accented
syllable
adopted into English, as chamois, corps, vis-a-vis, &c.
not ending in s or x, it assumes, in some words, tho' sound
of sh, as in negotiation; but, in most cases, the compound
Sh.
sound resulting from the coalescence of t and i is exchanged
95. This digraph (which is unmarked) represents the for that of sh, as in patient, station, partial, &c.
When s
simple sound heard in shelf, flesh, usher, &c.
or x precedes the t, this letter and the i following it either
This element is formed by a partial contact of preserve their own sounds pure, or exchange them for the
NOTE.
the upper surface of the tongue, near the tip, with that sound of ch in chin, as in question (kwest'yun or kwes'side of the arch or dome of the palate which is just above
chun), mixtion (mikst/yun or miks'chun), &c.
See 66,
the gums of the front teeth, and by an effusion of unvocal
breath through the narrow aperture left for its escape. Or- Note, and 95.
ganically considered, the sound is intermediate between
Th.
those of s and consonant y: genetically considered, it has
98. Th unmarked has its sharp or whispered sound,
been evolved from the combination of these two sounds,
thing,
breath,
author,
as
in
athlete,
&c.
which, in rapid utterance, do not easily maintain their dis-

Thus, if we pronounce the word special

tinct character.
in three syllables, speg'i-al, and then try to reduce it to two,
we shall find that it is difficult to articulate the c (= s) and
the i (=y) by one continuous effort of the organs, and that
the intermediates/! is naturally substituted as an easier and
a closely allied sound. So with version, mission, sure, &c.
In motion, and other words ending in Uon not preceded by
s or by x, we may suppose the t to have been originally
sounded like s, as in words of the same class in French or
the process of development may have been, first, mo'ti-on
(with the t kept pure); then mot'yun; next mot' shun or
mo'chun (see 66) and finally, by sinking the t, mo 1 shun.
Sh is never silent. It is expressed 1. By c, as in o-rean'ic, e-ma-d-a'tion
2. By s, as in nau^e-ate, A-si-at'ic
4. By ce, as in o'cean
5. By
S. By t, as in ne-go-rt-a'tion
ci, as in so''cc'al
6. By se, as in nauseous
7. By si, as in
tea'sion
8. By ti, as hi cap^'ous
9. By the si implied in
as' (=ksi), as in norr/ous
10. By the sy implied in su (=
syoo). as in men-.w-ra-'tion (men-.s/io0-ra / shun)
11. By the
sy implied in xu (=ksyoo), as in luxury (luk'shoo-Tj 12.
By ch, as in r/;aise, c/iar'la-tan, ma-chine' 13. By chs, as in
iu'chsi-a,
15. By sch, as
14. By sc, as in con-sci-en'tious
in schorl
See 63, 92,
16. By sci, as in con'scfence.
;

Note. This is the sound made in lisping. It is produced by putting the point of the tongue betweer <-he
teeth, or by placing it against the back of the upper frJt^
teeth, and forcing out unintonated breath.
Th has this sound generally at the beginning and at the
end of words but there are some exceptions.
99. Th marked thus, Th, th, has its soft, flat, or vocal sound, as in thine, then, with, mother, writhed, &c.
;

Note. This sound differs from the foregoing only in

being an utterance of voice instead of simple breath. It
occurs chiefly between two vowels in words purely English,
as in leather, wither, heathen ; also at the end of the verbs
mouth, bequeath, and smooth; and when followed by a final
e mute, as in breathe, clothe, &c
Nouns which, in the singular, end in th sharp, usually
preserve the same sound in the plural, as death, deaths;
sabbath, sabbaths, &c.
but in the plurals of the following
seven words the th is vocal namely, bath, cloth, lath, mouth,
oath, path, and wreath, as, baths, cloths, laths, paths, &c.
Some pronounce truths, in the plural, with the vocal sound
(truths), but this is sanctioned by no orthoe'pist.
Although th in with has its vocal sound, yet in the compounds herewith, therewith, and wherewith, it is, according
97,104.
In some words, particularly those ending in date and to the orthoe'pists, pronounced with its sharp or whispered
tiate, some orthoe'pists and. speakers pronounce the vowel sound.
Good usage, however, allows it to retain in the
distinctly after' the r. or $ sounded as sh ; as, enunciate compound the same sound that it has in the simple word.
;

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.

XV111

100.

Tli

has the sound of

thyme

United States at least, entirely suppress the th,

cing the former word az'ma or as'ina, and the latter Is'mus
or iz/mus.

See 108.

civil,

manner

oo-et

gives rise to whet ;

rivatives, the

is silent.

X.
V.

101.

pronouncing

changes the sound to wet, so hoo-et in like

and they forget that all words
of this class originally began with an aspiration or a guttural, as their etymological history clearly shows.
Thus
what is from the A*.-S. hwcet, 0. Sax. huat, Icel. hvater, &c.
Compare also Scot- quhile and English while, Lat. quid and
pronoun- English what. In who, whole, whoop, whore, and their de-

in phthisic (tiz/ik),

and their derivatives and also in the proper names

Thomas (tom'as) and Thames (temz.) This is also its sound
in all modern European languages except the Greek.
In
asthma and isthmus, it is said by the orthoepists to have
the same sound
but the great majority of speakers, in the
(tim),

has two sounds namely, its regular

sharp sound (unmarked) like ks, as in expect, tax, &c, and
its soft or flat sound (marked , x,) like gz, as in exist,
example, &c.

The sound of v (unmarked),

as in vane, leave,

&c.

104. This

letter

This, sound differs from that of/ only in being

Note. This latter sound usually occurs when the sylan utterance of the voice instead of the breath, the organs
lable which immediately follows the x begins with an acassuming precisely the same position for both sounds.
cented
vowel, as in auxiliary, exert, exalt, luxurious, and
Vis never silent, except in sevennight (sen'nit), which is
also written sennight, and, according to some orthoepists, sometimes also in. the derivatives of such words, even
though
the x is under the accent, as in exemplary, exhalain the word twelvemonth, colloquially pronounced tvceVtion, &c.
munth.
In anxious, noxious, luxury, and a few other words, the
s which is the second element of the x, and the following i
or the first element of the following u, instead of retaining
102. At the beginning of a word or of a syllable, aa their usual sound of
y, are generally exchanged for the
wet, worse, inward, this letter (which is unmarked) is a
sound of sh ; thus, ank'shus, nok'shus, luk'shoo-ry, &c.
consonant, formed from, and nearly resembling, the vowel
At the beginning of words, x has the sound of z, as in
oo, but requiring for its utterance a closer position, or xanthic (zan'-), xebec (ze'-), xylography (zi-), &c.
and this comgreater contraction, of the labial aperture

NOTE.

W.

pression of the lips changes the quality of the sound, giving it a buzzing and articulative, instead of a smooth and
purely vocal, character.

Some writers, however, maintain that the sound

NOTE.
merely that of a brief oo ; in other words, that it is no
consonant at all; but a simple experiment will serve to
is

show the incorrectness of this view. If w is the same as

oo, the word woo must be equivalent to oo pronounced
twice in succession but oo-ob' is evidently a word of two
syllables, and wo~o, as universally pronounced, is confessedly a monosyllable. Another consideration will help to
;

establish the consonantal nature of w.

Like the other consonants, it is capable of stopping or shutting a vowel, that

is, of causing it to assume its regular short sound, as in
the cockney pronunciation of very as ve'wy, of marry as
ma'wy, of horrid as h5 / wid, &c.
is generally silent,
After a vowel in the same syllable,
though sometimes significant, as
as in glow, thrown, &c.
With e it unites to form a diphthong, which is
in Haw.
generally sounded like long u, as in dew, few, new ; but it
is sounded like So, or like u in rude, if the letter r stands
before it, as in crew, shrew, &c. It is often joined with a
preceding o to represent the diphthongal sound otherwise
See 39.
expressed by ou, as in brow, cow, town, &c.
is always silent before r in the same syllable, as in
wring (ring), wrote (rot), awry (a-ry') also in the words

105. The sound of y (unmarked), as in yawn, year,

young, beyond, &c.

which is heard in English only at

Note
This sound
is formed from the
the beginning of a word or a syllable
vowel e by a closer approximation of the tongue to the roof
of the mouth, which destroys the pure vocality of the e.
As w is often confounded with oo. so y is often confounded
with e ; but it may be proved to be a distinct sound by an
experiment on the word ye similar to that by which w was
See 102.
shown to be distinct from oo.
In the middle or at the end of a syllable, y is a vowel,
and has precisely the sound that would have in the same
See 15, 16, 35, 48, 54, &c.
situation.
Jf is often represented by i, when this letter occurs in an
unaccented syllable before another vowel, and, at the same
time, follows an accented syllable, as in familiar, minion,
poniard, &c.
.

i.

Z.
6

106. The regular and

leading sound of this letter

(which is unmarked) is heard in zone, maze, hazy, frozen,

&c. It is the vocal or sonant form of s. (See 90.) In a few
words it takes the sound of zh, as in seizure (se'zhoor), &c.
In rendezvous it is silent.
(See 107.)

(an'ser), sword (sord), toward (to'ard), two (too).

It is often represented by u occurring before another
vowel in the same syllable, as quail, query, languid, assuage, &c.

answer

Wh.
103. The

true sound of these

Zh.
is the vocal correspondent of sh, and
uttered with the organs in precisely the same position.

is

107. This sound

letters is

in the reverse

order, namely, hw, as they were written by the Anglo-Saxons e. g., ivhet is pronounced hwet. The h is here a free
;

emission of breath through the position taken by the lips in

the formation of w, the vocal cords being all the while completely relaxed. (See 76.) Many recent phonologists, however, contend that the combination wh represents a simple
whisper of the ordinary w, to which it stands in the same
relation as any surd consonant does to its corresponding sonant. Those who hold this opinion not only wrongly apprehend and describe their own pronunciation, but they overlook the fact, that, as a closer, approximation of the lips in

Note. It has arisen, in all English words, from an atto pronounce the sound of z in maze (see 106) and
that of consonant y (see 105) in immediate succession.
On account of the vicinity of the contacts represented by
zh and y, the effort to do this causes the tongue to assume
the position requisite for sounding zh, or nearly so and
hence zh was naturally substituted as being a very similar
sound of easier utterance. Thus, fusion may be supposed
to have been originally pronounced fuz'yun, and then fu>zhun ; grazier, first graz'yer, and then grazh'er.See 95.
The combination zh is used in works on pronunciation to
indicate the sound here described, on account of the relationship of this sound to that commonly expressed by the
digraph sh. But the two letters zh never come together in
the proper orthography of any English word. The sound
tempt

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.
which they stand is represented by zi (when the z occurs
immediately preceded by, an accented syllable, and
the i is followed by another vowel and occurs in an unaccented syllable, as in glazier) by the zy implied in zu (=
by si in cerzyoo), as in azure ; by s in symposium, &c.
tain situations (see 93) by ti in the single word tranand by g in one or two
sition, as sometimes pronounced
words adopted from the French, as rouge.
Tor

in, or is

with which +<he

xis

part ends, as in post-town, head-dress,

iirst

See 127.

half-filled.

ACCENT.

ASSIMILATION OF CONSONANTS.
108. When a whispered and a vocal consonant come
together in the same syllable, it is generally very difficult,
in fluent pronunciation, to preserve each in its regular and
Hence it frequently becomes necessary
appropriate sound.
to change the character of the one or of the other, in order
This is
to make the combination readily pronounceable.

generally done, in English, by assimilating the sound of the

second consonant, whether whispered or vocal, to that of
Thus, in chintz, the vocal consonant z assumes
the first.
the sound of its whispered correspondent s, in order to
On the other hand, the s in
unite with the whispered t.
winds is vocalized, or assumes the sound of z, for the sake
Sometimes, though
of corresponding with the vocal d.

a particular stress or effort of vofeg

upon certain syllables of words, which distinguishes them
from the others by a greater distinctness and loudness of
Accent is of two kinds, primary, as in irr
pronunciation.
tend', where the full force of the voice is on the last syllasecondary,
as in su'per-in-tend', where the first
ble, and
syllable is distinguished by a stress greater than that laid
on the second and third syllables, though less than that
In some words there are two secondary
laid on the last.
110. Accent

is

or subordinate accents, as in in-com'pre-hen'si-bil'i-ty.

Note. (1.) The general tendency of accent, whether

primary or secondary, is to shorten all vowels but u, *vben
further back than the penultimate syllable, as in ten'emtnt,
neg'essariness, an'atom'ical, person' ifica'tion, &c.
but we
say lu'bricate, and not lub'ricate ; tru'cultncy, and not trxic'ixlency ; su'perabun'dant, and not sup'erabun'dant, &c.
This tendency generally fails, if the accented syllable is followed by two unaccented vowels, as in pe'ri-od, ma'ni-ac;
or by two vowels of which the former only is unaccented,
;

sound of the first consonant is assimilated to

that of the second, as in spasm (spazm).
This affinity between these two classes of consonants is
as in de'vi-a'tion, o'ri-en'tal.
an important fact, and one which needs to be familiarly
(2.) The primary and secondary accents are, in certain
known. For there are four very common inflectional ter- cases, so nearly equal that we interchange them freely,
minations which invariably come under its influence, " making," as Walker remarks, " the secondary principal
He specifies violin, referee,
2. and the principal secondary."
1. Possessive forms in s, as maid's (maidz)
namely
Plurals in 5, as tubs (tubz), groves (grovz) 3. Sin the third privateer, artisan, courtesan, charlatan, and might have
cavalcade, caricature, etiquette, reverie,
added
ambuscade,
person singular of verbs, as loads (loadz), smoot/is (smoothz)
confidante, governante, invalid, n., parachute and others.
4. Preterits and participles in d preceded by e mute, as in
Nearly all of these, except the first three, have now (acdashed (dasht), ingulfed (ingulft).
cording to able orthospists) transferred the primary accent
It is necessary to observe, that there are a few words end- from the last to the first syllable, as in artisan, &c, under
ing in dth, as breadth, hundredth, &c, where the aspirate the operation of a principle which is stated in 117.
(3.) Many in this country give a marked secondary accent
th is not assimilated to the vocal d ; and also that, after ng,
in certain words which properly have but one accent, and
all of which are vocal consoand the liquids I, m, n, r,
that on a pre-antepenultimate syllable, as in ter'ri-to / ry
nants,
a whispered consonant can be pronounced with- dif'fi-cwFty, cir'cum-stdn'ces, in'ter-cst'ing, &c.
This
out difficulty, and actually is pronounced, as in melt, terse, droning fault may be corrected by giving the accented syllable a sharp percussion, which carries the voice lightly
tempt (temt), fence, strength, &c.
through the rest of the word. It is also a vulgar American
rarely, the

109.

DUPLICATION OF CONSONANTS.
many words, a consonant is doubled

In

yet, in such cases, no more than one articulaused in speaking. In banner, for example, we
but once between the first and second syllables
nor is it possible to use both of the letters n without pronouncing ban, then intermitting the voice entirely,
opening the organs, and closing them a second time.
Hence, in all cases, when the same consonant is written
twice between vowels, as in banner, robbing, madden, letter, horrid, one of them only is represented by an articulation of the organs
and the only reason for repeating the
consonant is to indicate the fact that the preceding vowel
has its short sound.
But, although only one articulation is ever used, or, in
fluent speech, possibly can be used, where a consonant is
written twice, yet in some words the articulation is dwelt
upon for an appreciable space of time, producing an apparent duplication of the sound.
This effect takes place in
many derived words in which the primitive ends or begins
with the same letter as that with which a superadded suffix
or prefix of English origin respectively begins or ends, as

two vowels

many words having an unaccented initial syllable followed by an accented one, to lay a nearly equal stress
of voice on both, as in ex'act'ly, gl'gan'tic, Vtal'ic, po'lit'ical, pre. 1 cise'ly , sdl'va'tion, stu'pen'dous.
custom, in

between

tion is ever

DIVIDED USAGE.

close the organs

;

in soulless, foully, keenness, misstep, outtravel, unnatura'.

The same effect takes place in most compound words, in
which the second part begins -with the same sound as that

HI.

In quite a large number of words, there

is

di-

among good

speakers as to the place of

This arises mainly from a conflict bethe primary accent.
tween certain great principles which affect the seat of the
accent.
A few of these will now be mentioned, with a view
It is all that can be done in
to account for this diversity.
a brief sketch like this.
Principle.
Derivatives
take for a time,
First
112.

if not permanently, the accent of the original words from

which they are formed, as resolve', from resol'vo, aspect*
(Shakespeare, Milton), from aspectus, Hindostan'ee, from
Hindostan' &c. So also words derived from other English
words by adding one or more syllables to their beginning
versity of practice

or end, as within', from in, improp'er, from prop'er, po'et-

from

from pleas'ant, serviceable,

from adjust', &c.
Ease of utterance has some
113. Second Principle.

ess,

from

po'et, pleas'antly,

ser'vice, re-adjust' ment,

influence in deciding the place of the accent.

Ac'ceptable,
receptacle, and u'tensil, fashionable in the days of Walker,

have now taken the

easier accentuation of accept'able, re-

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.

%K

Discrepant and discrepancy are

marked discrepant and discrepancy by Richardson, Boag,
Subal'tem (instead of
Craig, Wright, Clarke, and others.
Walker's sub'altern) is the accentuation of Richardson,
DysKnowles, Barclay, Craig, Clarke, and many more.
pep'sy has taken the place of dys'pepsy in the marking of
Webster, Smart, Cull, Wright, Clarke, Cooley, &c, and is
now the prevailing accentuation. On the same ground,
ances'tral is preferred to an'cestral by Jameson, Webster,
Boag, Clarke, and Cull, in conformity -with campes'tral
Confes'sor, like profes'sor, has
and other similar words.
superseded confessor in this country, and has the support
of Perry, Ash, Rees, Barclay, Boag, Clarke, Cull, Webster,
and Worcester. Rem'ediless, from the difficulty of the
sound, has been changed in this country into remediless,
as sanctioned by Perry, Ash, Rees, Fulton and Knight,
Con'sislory has given way to consist'ory in
and Webster.
the marking of Knowles, Barclay, Reid, Brande, Craig,
Boag, Clarke, Cooley, and others. In like manner, ac'r
cessary and ac'cessory (as marked in most English Dictionaries) are commonly pronounced in this country accessary and accessory, as recommended by Bailey and Ash.
These may serve as instances of the application of this
principle.
It is an important one in its place and, though
it may give rise for a time to a diversity of pronunciation
:ept'acle,

and

uten'sil.

older and harder),

changes of this kind, which promote ease of utterance, will
(since

some

will cling to that

which

is

finally prevail.

Dissyllables.

these pronunciations are not infrequently heard In America.

The two last ought especially to be discountenanced for

and source are English words, and should tnerefore
;

search

remain

they were from, the

(as

first)

the chief objects o/

thought.

We

have about eighty cases among our dissylla 115.

bles in which the same word is used for a verb on the one
hand, and a noun or an adjective on the other. To distinguish between them, we accent the nouns and the adjectives on the first syllable, and the verbs on the last, as, a
con'vert, to convert'
a con'tract, to contract', &c.
It is
unnecessary to give the list in full, since the accent of nearly
all these words has been long settled by general usage.
;

Note. There are a few cases of divided use in nouns,

will sooner or later be made to conform to the general rule.
For example, usage will probably soon fix permanently on per'fect for the adjective, and perfect' for the
verb ; per'mit for the noun, and permit' for the verb pro'test for the noun, and protest' for the verb
perfume for
the noun, and perfume' for the verb
pro'ceeds for the
noun, and proceed' for the verb de'tail for the noun, and
detail' for the verb
in'crease for the noun, and increase'
for the verb ; re'tail for the noun, and retail/ for the verb
sur'vey for the noun, and survey' for the verb.
There is a tendency among many to accent the first sylla
which

ble of the noun ally, allies ; and, although without sanction as yet from a single orthoepist, it would not be surprising if this tendency should prevail on the ground stated
above, making the noun al'ly, al'iie.s, and the verb ally'.
The noun cement has been extensively pronounced cem'ent,
as distinguished from the verb to cement' ; but Smart thinks
this will not finally prevail and the tendency does eertainly
now seem to be toward cement' for the ,noun as well as the
verb.
;

In words of two syllables,

114. Third Principle.
there is a tendency (though with numerous exceptions) to
accent the former or penultimate syllable, as in a'gue, bar'-

118. We have a few dissyllables which are at once

nouns and adjectives. These are distinguished by accentwith
ing
the nouns on the first syllable, and the adjectives on
a powerful coun(1.) This tendency meets
teraction in Principle No. 1, namely, that of derivatives re- the last.
deter'
taining the accent of their primitives, as in amuse'
NOUNS.
ADJECTIVES.
offend' &c. It is natural, in such formatives, to place the
Au 7 gust, the month.
August 7 noble.
accent on the radical part of the word and hence some
hundreds of our dissyllables, especially verbs and adverbs,
Com7 pact, an engagement. Compact 7 close.
have their accent on the last syllable.
Ex 7 ile, banishment.
Exile 7 small, slender.
(2.) Still, there is a constant struggle (especially among
Instinct, an impulse.
Instinct 7 animated.
the common people, who are unacquainted with the deriva7
Min
ute (of time).
Minute', very small.
tion of words) to draw back the accent to the first syllable.
Supine 7 indolent.
Su7 pine (in grammar).
Here arises another conflict, which produces a diversity of
accent and the common people, being a majority, are, on
The word gallant departs from the above rule. When It
the whole, slowly gaining upon those who are tenacious of
denotes a suitor, or tc attentive to ladies," it is accented
Principle No. 1. Hence, con'nate and in'nate (instead of
gal'lant when it means highconnate' and innate') are genei'a.lly prevalent iu this coun- gallant', and is changed into
try, and are now sanctioned by Reid, Boag, Craig, and spirited or daring.
on,

com'mon,

dis'cord,

&c.

Note.

Al'cove (for alcove') is more common among us,

it is so marked by recent English orthoepists, Boag,
Craig, Cull, and others.
Con' tents (for contents') has become the general usage of this countrj', as sanctioned by
Cull, Clarke, Webster, and Worcester.
Re'tail (for retail')
is now the marking of a majority of the orthoepists.
De'tail (for detail') is less prevalent, but is sanctioned by
Smart, Clarke, Cull, Cooley, &c. Pro'lix and pre'text (for
prolix' and pretext') are widely prevalent (especially the former), and are authorized by some recent lexicographers.
Bom' bast (for bombast') is the accentuation of Walker, Barothers.

and

Trisyllables and Polysyllables.

117.

Fourth Principle.

syllables, there is

In words of three or more

a strong tendency to accent the antepefrom the end, as in el'oquent, ac'ci-

nult, or third syllable

dent, opportunity.

Note

This tendency

is counteracted by that of derivaSee 112) and here arises another

some extent, arrays our scholars on
and the body of the people on the other.

tion (Principle No. 1.

" conflict," which, to

the one side,

clay, Richardson, Cull, and Webster

it is admitted by Many scholars, for example, are strongly inclined to say
Worcester, and is extensively used in this country. Bu'- conlem'plate, demon' str ate, confiscate, obdu'rate, &e. (forTeau (for bureau') was admitted by Dr. Webster, and is very getting that they come from participles, contcmpla'tus, demgenerally applied to the article of furniture, while bureau' onstra'tus, Sec), because by Latin rules their second syhV
is sometimes used in reference to a department of the govble is long while the mass of the people, who know nothernment.
Ac' cess (for access') is authorized by a number ing of Latin, and are governed by English analogies, are
of orthoepists, and especially, among the later ones, by equally bent on saying con' template, demonstrate, ob'dw
Knowles, Boag, Wright, Clarke, and Cull.
rate, &c. The latter pronunciation is now very extensively
(3.) No orthoepist has given any sanction, it is believed,
heard, and thus we have a "divided usage " in respect to
to ro'trtance and finance (for romance' and 'finance'), or to these and similar words.
There is a class of botanical and
xe' search and re' source, (for. research' and resource'), though
mineral ogical terms ending ia ghyllous and phyllite (from
;

PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION.
anthophyllite, &c,
in which the same struggle is going on.
Words having
these terminations are differently accented by different au<5r.

<l>vWov, a leaf), as quadriphyllous

XXI

anat'omy, lithofomy

-tomy;

as,

-trophy;

as, at'rophy, hyper' trophy

,-

-vovious, &s,flammiv'o?nous, igniv'omous ;

-vorous, as, carniv'orous, graminiv'orous.

and sometimes even by the same authority.

Knowles, Gray, and Worcester are the only authorities
thorities,

are self-consistent in their pronunciation of such

121 Words of more- than two syllables, ending in
Knowles accenting them all on the antepenult, -cate, -date, -gate, -fly, -tude, and -ty, preceded by a vowel,
words
Gray as uniformly on the penult, and Worcester giving an have, for the most part, the accent on the antepenult as,

who

alternative in every case, the penultimate accentuation

being his preference. There can be no doubt that that
mode of pronunciation which places the accent on the antepenult is most in accordance with the genius of our language and, in all probability, it will ultimately prevail
over the learning or the pedantry of those who contend for
;

the penultimate accentuation. In like manner, baUcony

(for balco'ny) has now, according to Smart, become the true
English pronunciation, and is so marked by Knowles, Webster, Cull, Wright, Cooley, and many more.
Ele'giac (for e'cgi'ac) is the general pronunciation of this
country (in accordance with maniac and most other words
in -iac), and has the sanction of Perry, Knowles, Wright,
Qnan'dary (for quanClarke, Cull, Cooley, and Webster.
da'ry), in accordance with boundary and nearly every other
word of three syllables in -ary, is our prevailing pronunciation, and is sanctioned by Maunder, Cull, Craig, Clarke,
Cooley, Worcester, and Webster. Many are disposed to
reduce vaga'ry to the same accentuation (va'gary).
It is a just principle, laid

down by Walker,

that
* when words come to us who'e from the Greek or Latin,
the same accent ought to be preserved as in the original."
Hence the following words ought to be accented as here
marked namely, Abd.o'men, hori'zon, deco'rum, diplo'ma,
muse'um, sono'rous, acu'rnen, bitu/men, and, on like
grounds, farra'go, and others. Yet the strong tendency
of our language to accent the cntepennltimate in all words
of three or more syllables has caused this principle to be
violated in some cases, as in am'azon, cic'atrix, min'ister,

118.

or'ator, pleth'orn,

&c.

Words of more t^an two

dep'recate, rus'ticate, reciprocate

comhnodate
sanc'tify

prop'agate,

an'tedate, elu'cidate, ac

fu'migate

delegate,

rar'efy^

qui 1 etude, latitude; soci'ety, acid'ity, dep'uty.

122. The penultimate syllable

most all words having the sound of

is

to

be accented in

al-

of zh, or of consonant y immediately before their last vowel or diphthong

e. g., dona'tion, concession, illu'sion, controversial, ver*
sh,

mil ton, opm'ion.

1

The Terminations 10 and ICS.

123. Words ending in

ic and ics (derivatives from

or icus, in Greek or Latin, or formed after the
analogy) have their accent on the penult as, epi-

words in

i/cos

same
demic,

scientific, &c. The following words are exceptions,

having the accent on the antepenult namely ag'aric, Ar;

abic, arithmetic, ar'senic, n., cath'olic,

choVeric, ephem'eric,

her'etic, lu'natic, pleth'oric, pol'itic, rhet'oric,

and

tur'meric.

Climacteric has usually the. antepenultimate accent, though

some pronounce it climacter'ic. In like manner, the nouns
empiric and schismatic, and the noun and adjective splenetic, are sometimes accented on the penult, and sometimes
on the antepenult.

The Terminations E-AL, E-Al", and E-UM.

124. A part of the words having these terminations
and take the antepenultimate
hyperborean, Hercu'lean, Mediterra-

follow the English analogy,

accent

as, ceru'lean.

having the
nean, subterra'nean, Tartarean, marrno'rean
same orthography are generally distinguished by a differ 119.

ence of accent, as at'tri^ute,

n.,

and

syllables

miscon'-

attrib'ute, v.,

perios'teum, succeda'neum.

; petro'leum,
part accent the penult; as,

adamante'an, Atlant'ean, colosse'an, empyre'an, Epicure'an,

duct, n., and miszovduct', v., o'verthrow, n., and overEurope 'an, pygme<'an ; mausole'um, muse'um.
Orphean,
throw', v.
In such ^ases, the nouns have the accent furbeing derived from Or'pheus (or'ius), is more properly acther from the 3n<\.
cented Or'phean. Most words ending in eal accent the ante 120. With a very few exceptions, words of more than penult as, lin'eal, ethe'real, fune'real ; but hymene'al and
two s^Uable^ naving the following terminations take the
ide'al take the accent upon the penult.
accen/ **u the antepenult, or last syllable but two
1

<racy

as,

democracy, theoc'racy

The Termination OSE.

graphy

somniferous, umbelliferous
circum 'fluent ;
as, mellifluous, superfluous;
as, diag'onal, kexag'onal
as, cosmog'ony, theog'ony ;
as, lexicographer, stenographer
as, pkotog'raphy, typography;

-loger

as, philoUoger, astrol'oger

feroUs

as,

fluent;

gonal
;

grapker

-logist

as, entomol'ogisi,

iogy
ioquy
vnachy;

as, chronol'ogy,

mouthy;

as, chrestom'athy,

meter

as, barom'eter,

as, colloquy,
as,

vnetry

as,

nomy;

as,

'parous;

as,

solil'oquy

logom'achy, theom'achy

polym'athy

hygrom'eter ;
ultim'etry, geom'etry ;
astron'omy, econ'omy;
ovip'arous. vivip'arous;
ap'athy, antip'athy ;
antiph'ony, roloph'ony

pathy

as,

aphony;

as,

-sropy

as, acros'copy, deuteros'copy

-strophe;

as,

apostrophe, calas'troplu;

125. There

ending in

physiologist

mythol'ogy

a considerable number of adjectives

animose, comatose, operose, &c, in the
accentuation of which the dictionaries are at variance with
each other, and many of them inconsistent with themselves.
But all words of this class, as Walker remarks,
ought, from their form and derivation, to be pronounced
alike.
Walker himself accents them all upon the last syllable, and in this he is followed by Worcester and Cooley;
but, in trisyllables having this termination, most recent
authorities, following the natural tendency of the language,
as well as the prevailing usage, give only a secondary accent to the last syllable, placing the principal accent on the
antepenult.
(See 110, Note, second paragraph.)
As to
dissyllabic adjectives ending in ose. as jocose, verbose, morose, &c, they take the accent on the last syllable, with a
few exceptions.

as, affluent,

fiuous

gony

is

ose, as

126. In poetry, words are frequently used with an accentuation different from that adopted in ordinary speech,
as in the following examples ;

"

RULES FOR SPELLING.

xxii

'Twixt that and reason what a nice barrier 1

Forever separate, yet forever near.

Ye

icefalls

selves
but in actual use they become nearly or quite ii,
yur, thut, thu, frilm, fur, &c.
The following passage from
the Spectator," No. 80, well illustrates this tendency to a
corruption of the vowel sound in unemphasized monosylla" My lords, with humble submission that that I
bles

Pope.

ye that from the mountain's brow

rav'ines slope amain.
Coleridge.

Adown enormous

127. When two words of similar formation and the

same accentuation are contrasted with each other, the accent is transferred to the syllable of difference (unless this
is already accented, as in em'inent, im'minent), and the
i'cgularly accented syllable takes a secondary accent thus,
zmdo 1 is pronounced vn'do' when opposed to do or to out>do', and intervene' is pronounced intervene 1 when used
antithetically to su'pervene 1 .
So also with am'jmta'tion
and im'puta'tion, bi'en'nial and tri'en/nial, op 'pose' and

say is this, that that that that gentleman has advanced

not that that he should have proved to your lordships.

is

SYLLABICATION.

',

;
ex'er'cise, and ex'or'cise, al-le'ga'tion &nd al-li' 129. Words are sometimes divided into syllables for
1
the sole purpose of showing their proper pronunciation (as,
; proph'et' and profit' ; do nor' and do'nee', guara-dorn, o-void)
and sometimes in order to exhibit their
and guarantee'.
128. When separately pronounced, all monosyllabic etymological composition merely, without the least regard
words have their vowel as distinctly sounded as if under ac- to their pronunciation (as, ad-orn, ov-oid). In ordinary
as where a word requires to be divided at the end
cent.
But in connected discourse, certain classes of mono- cases
these modes of syllabication are to a certain
syllables, such as articles, prepositions, pronouns, conjunc- of a line
In the United States, the etymological
tions, and auxiliary verbs, are usually unemphasized, and extent combined.
their vowel is liable to the same corruption of quality as principle is allowed to operate only in separating prefixes,
that in an unaccented syllable of a word.
But when used suffixes, and gramrxatical terminations from the radical
antithetically to other words, they are emphasized, receiv- part of the word, where this can be done without misrepreing a full and distinct stress of voice.
Thus, the possessive senting the pronunciation.
In English practice, however,
pronoun their, when emphatic, should take the full sound words are usually divided in such a manner as to show their
of e; as, "Tlieir (ther) interests, and not yours, are to be constituent parts independently of the pronunciation (as,
consulted."
But when unemphatic, the sound becomes hypo-thesis, philosophy, belli-gerent, &c), and a single
more obscure, verging toward, or falling into, that of the consonant or a consonant digraph between two vowels goes
neutral vowel (u in urge) as, " They will not neglect their to the latter (as, a-na-to-my, de-li-cate, ma-thf -ma-tics,
(thur) interests."
In this Dictionary, words are uniformly divided so
So, also, there, when used as an adverb &c).
of place, is distinctly pronounced with the appropriate as to represent their pronunciation in the most accurate
6ound of the vowel as, " I shall be there (ther)." When, manner but very frequently the root of a word may be

sup'pose'

gi'tion
antor'

however, it serves merely to introduce a verb or a sentence,

it takes the obscurer sound
as, "There (thur) is no dimculty in the case."
In Jike manner we say a, your, that,
the, from, fOr, &c, when we pronounce the words by them-

exhibited to the eye without violating the orthoepical principle of

and where this is possible it has

more particularly in the case of ac-

syllabication,

generally been done,

cented syllables.

RULES FOR SPELLING CERTAIN CLASSES OF WORDS.

FOUNDED ON THE ORTHOGRAPHY OF

WEBSTER, AS EXHIBITED IN THIS VOLUME.

add, odd, rudd ; bigg, egg, snigg ; lamm, scomm,

(1). The letters /and I, at the end of monosyl- ebb;
and standing immediately after single vowels, are mumm (to mask) inn, bunn ; wapp ; gnarr, parr, err, birr,

130

lables,

generally doubled
hill,

DR.

toll,

null.

as in staff,

The words

clef,

cliff,
if,

doff,

of,

and

puff;
sol,

all,

shirr, shirr, burr, hurr,

bell,

murr, purr ; mitt,

fizz, fuzz, buzz, huzz,

are excep-

tions.

Note.

The words

let,

net,

and

sometimes incorand some other words

set are

131 (2). The letter s, at the end of a monosyllable, rectly spelled lett, nett, and sett ;
and standing immediately after a single vowel, is generally which should have the final letter
doubled, except when it is used to form the possessive case some writers, with it doubled.

','

plitt, stnitt, butt

muzz.

single are spelled,

by

or plural of a noun, or the third person singular of a verb

133 (4). A consonant standing at the end of a word
as in grass, press, hiss, mossj truss.
The only impor- immediately after a diphthong or double vowel is never
tant exceptions are as, gas, has, was, yes, his, is, thus, and doubled.
The words ail, peat, haul, door, and maim, are
us.
examples.
The word guess is only an apparent exception,
132 (3). Besides /, I, and s, the only consonants that as the u does not strictly form a diphthong with the e v
are ever doubled at the end of a word are b, d, g, m, n, p, but serves merely to render the g hard.
The following list contains all, or nearly all,
r, t, and z.
134 (5). Monosyllables ending, as pronounced, with
the words in which these letters aro doubled namely, abb, the sound of k, and in wjich. e follows the vowel, have
;

'

;;

RULES FOR SPELLING.

usually h added after the

c ;

buck.
The words lac, sac. talc, zinc, ploc, roc, soc,
ore, &nd flsc, are exceptions.
Words of more than one syllable, ending in ic or

and

arc,

iac,

bugged,

marc,

which formerly ended in k, also words derived from the Latin or Greek languages, or from other sources, and similar to
these, or formed in an analogous manner, are now written
without the k; as, maniac, elegiac, cubic, music, public.
The word derrick is an exception. Words of more than
one syllable, in which c is preceded by other vowels than i
or ia, commonly end in ck ; as, arrack, barrack, hammock,
iiUock, wedlock. The words almanac, sandarac, limbec, xebec,
manioc, and havoc, are exceptions. Almanac, limbec, and
havoc, however, are sometimes written with k after the c,
especially in England.

135 (6)- In derivatives formed from words ending in

by adding a termination beginning with e, i, or y, the
letter k is inserted after the c, in order that the latter may
not be inaccurately pronounced like s before the following
e,

vowel

trafficker

as,
;

colic,

colicky

talc, talcky

traffic,

trafficking,

trafficked,

zinc, zincky.

xxm

consonant is doubled in the derivatives of a few

words ending in g, in order to diminish the liability to its
being pronounced like /, before e or i : as, humbug, hum-

as in black, fleck, click, knock,

The

final

humbugging

The word

periwig, periwigged.

woolen is more generally thus written, in the United States,

with one I ; but in England it is written woollen.
There is a large class of words ending in a single
Note
consonant, and accented on some other syllable than the
last, the final consonants of which are, by very many
writers and lexicographers, doubled in their derivatives,
unnecessarily and contrarily to analogy. This practice appears to have arisen from a desire to prevent the vowel of
the final syllable of the primitive from being inaccurately
pronounced long in the derivatives. These words are chiefly
those ending in I, with also a few of other terminations. The
following list, the words in which are chiefly verbs, includes
the most important of those in regard to which usage
varies namely, apparel, barrel, bevels bias, bowel, and its
compounds, cancel, carburet, and all similar words ending in
nret, cavil, carol, channel, chisel, compromit, counsel, cudgel, dial, dishevel, doive.l, drivel, duel, empanel, enamel,
equal, funnel, gambol, gravel, grovel, handsel, hatchet, imperil, jewel, kennel, kidnap, label, laurel, level, libel, marshal, marvel, medal, metal, model, panel, parallel^ parcel,
.

136 (7)- In derivatives formed by adding a terminapencil, peril, pistol, pommel, (quarrel, ravel, revel, rival,
tion beginning with a vowel to monosyllables and words
rowel, shovel, shrivel, snivel, tassel, tinsel, trammel, travel,
accented on the last syllable, when these words end in a
Worcester doubles
tunnel, unravel, vial, victual, worship.
single consonant (except x) preceded by a single vowel, the final letters of all these words, except parallel, in formthat consonant is doubled as, clan, clannish ; plan, planned, ing derivatives by the addition of terminations beginning
planning, planner ; bag, baggage ; hot, hotter, hottest ; wit, with vowels, though he remarks, with respect to those ending in I, that " it better accords with the analogy of the
witty; cabal', cabal'ler ; abet 1 abet 1 ted, abet 1 ting, abet1 tor
language " to spell their derivatives with but one /. Smart
begin', begin' ning, begin' ner; infer', inferred', infer /ring.
retains the double consonant in this class of words solely
The consonant is doubled in these words in order to pre- on the ground that usage favors it, but remarks that " the
serve the short sound of the vowel, as otherwise the latter double
p in worshipped, worshipper, &c, the second I in
would be liable to be pronounced long. Thus, planned, travelling, traveller, &c, are quite unnecessary on any
hjttest, and abetted, would naturally be pronounced planed, other score than to satisfy the prejudices of the eye."
hotest, and abeteJ, if the consouant were not doubled. Cooley doubles the consonant in a majority of the derivaWords of this class, in which the final consonant is pre- tives of words of this class, but writes a single consonant in
many, as in those of apparel, barrel, bevel, channel, drivel,
ceded by qu followed by a single vowel, form no exception
gambol, &c. Perry wrote the derivatives of these words
to the rule, since the u performs the office of the consonant
with but one I, according to the rule, and the same pracw ; as, squab, squabbish, squaJjby ; squat, squatting, squat- tice was advocated by Walker. Conformity to the regular
ter ; quit, quitted, quitting; acquit', acquit' ted, acquit'ting.
rule has been advocated also by Lowth and other eminent
The derivatives of the word gas (except gassed, gassing, scholars.
and gassy) are written with but one s ; as, gaseous, gaseity,
138 (9). Derivatives formed from words ending in a
Excellence, as being from the Latin excellens, re- double consonant, by adding one or more syllables, comgasify.
tains the double I, though one I has been dropped from the monly retain both consonants
as, ebb, ebbing ; odd, oddly;
termination of exc?l'.
Besides these, the only exceptions stiff, stiffness ; fell, fellable ; skill, skillful, skillfulness ; will,
So also
to the rule are those derivatives in which the accent of the willful, willfulness ; dull, dullness; full, fullness.
as, cabal', the double I is retained in the words installment, inthrallprimitive is thrown back upon another syllable
cab'alism, cab'alist ; prefer', preference ; refer' reference ; ment, thraldom, and enrollment (from install, inthrall,
defer', deference.
It is no exception to this rule that chan- thrall, and enroll), in order to prevent the false pronunciacellor, and the derivatives of metal and crys'a
as metalloid, tion they might receive if spelled with one I. Many writers
metallurgy, crystalline, crystallize, and the like, are written and lexicographers, especially in England, omit one l in
with the I doubled, since they are derived respectively from these words, as also in the derivatives of skill, will, dull,
the Latin caacellarius (through the French), and metallum, and full, formed by adding the syllables ly and ness.
and the Greek (cpvVraAAo?. So also the word tranquillity
The derivatives of pontiff are exceptions to the rule, beretains the double I as being from the Latin tranquillitas, ing written with only one f; as, pontific, pontifical, pontiwhile the English derivatives of tranquil, though often ftcia and the like.
One I also is dropped in a few words
written with two I's, are more properly written with only formed by adding the termination ly to words ending in
one. as tranquiliz", tranquilizer, and the like.
U, in order to prevent the concurrence of three I's : as, ill,
AYords similarly formed by
137 (8)- When a diphthong, or a digraph represent- illy ; dull, dully ; full, fully.
ing a vowel sound, precedes the final consonant of a word, adding the termination less, however, are written either
or the accent of a word ending in a single consonant falls with three Ps, a hyphen being inserted before the terminaen any other syllable than the last, or when the word tion, or with two Vs and without the hyphen as, bell-lzss,
ends in two different consonants, the final consonant is not or belless, skill-less or skilless, smelt-l'ss or smelless.
doubled in derivatives formed by the addition of a termina 139 (10)- In derivatives formed from words ending
with silent e, the e is generally retained when the termination beginning with a vowel
as, daub, daubed, dauber
need, needy ; brief, briefer, briefest ; rev'el, rev'eled, rev'eling ; tion begins with a consonant as, pale, paleness ; hate, hatetrav'el, trav'eling, trav'eler ; profit, profited ; act, acted, ful; incite incitement ; chaste, chastelu,-ch'dsteness ; move,
actor ; perform, performer ; stand } standing.
movement. When, however, the e is immediately preceded
;

RULES FOR SPELLING.

XXIV
by another vowel (except
derivative

as, dice,

awe, awful

is often dropped from the

argue, argument ; true, truly
and compounds of these

el), it

duly

and the

derivatives

The words wholly, nursling, wisdom, abridgment, acknowledgment, lodgment, judgment, and the compounds of
some of these, are exceptions. The last four, however, are
written, by many authors, abridgement, acknowledgement,
lodgement, judgement.
ending
140 (11)- In derivatives formed from words
with silent e, when the termination begins with a vowel,
the e is generally omitted, except in the cases mentioned in
the next paragraph: as, bride, bridal; guide, guidance;
plume, plumage ; use, usage ; grieve, grievance ; come, coming ; shape, shaping; move, movable ; sale, salable; fleece,
;

force, forcible

true, truism.

The e is retained in the word hoeing, shoeing, and toeing

(from hoe, shoe, and toe), in order to prevent a doubt as to
the pronunciation, that might arise in case it were omitted.
Jt is retained, also, in the words dyeing, singeing, springetug; swingeing, tingeing (from dye, singe, springe, swinge,
tinge), to distinguish them from dying, singing, springing,
swinging, tinging (from die, sing, spring, swing, ting.)
The word mileage, as commonly written, docs not omit the
e, though it is sometimes, and more correctly, spelled milage.
The words lineage, lineal, and pineal, though apparently exceptions, are not really such, since they are derived
not directly from line and pine, but from the Latin linea
(through the French), linealis, and pinea. The e, standing,
in a derivative, before a termination beginning with a or o,
and immediately after c or g, is retained in order to preserve the soft sounds of these consonants
as, peace,
peaceable; notice, noticeable ; manage, manigeable; change,
changeable; advantage, advantageo 's ; ou'rage, outrageous ; mortgage, mortgageor. The latter word is sometimes
very improperly written mortgagor, and pronounced mor':

colloquies,

however,

is

sometimes

from

such
consonant w.

144 (15)- Derivatives formed by appending a syllable

beginning with a vowel to words ending with a vowel
sound, generally retain the letter or letters representing
such sound as, huzza, huzzaed ; agree, agneable, agreeing; weigh, weighing; dough, doughy; echo, echoed ; woo,
wooes; bow, bowed ; beau, burnish.
Derivatives of words of this class ending in silent e, as
also those formed from words ending in double e by adding
a termination beginning with e, drop the final e : as, hoe,
hoed; sue, sued; owe, owed; free, freer, freest ; agree,
agreed. The cases mentioned in sections 11, 12, and 13 art
:

also exceptions.

145

(16).

formed by prefixing one or

in a double consonant com-

Derivatives

more syllables to words ending

monly retain both consonants

as, tipstaff, rebufl] befall,

inthrall, disinthrall, foretell, undersell, fulfill, enroll, emboss,

(from

staff, buff] fall, thrall,

tell, sell, fill, roll,

boss).

The word

until is an exception, being always written

Those words of this class which end in 11 are
written by some authors, especially in England, with one I:
as, bfal, inthral, foretel, fulfil' enrol.
The words distill and
instill should be written with the I doubled, though they
are often written distil and instil, with only one I.
146 (17)- Compound words formed by joining two or
more words commonly retain all the letters of the simple
words as, stiff-necked, well-bred, dull-eyed, save-all, widemouthed.
There are numerous exceptions to this rule, many of
them compounds which by long use have acquired the force
They are the following namely, some
of single words.

with one /

compounds of

u'l

a ready,

although,

and well;

almighty, almost, alone,

always, ivithal, there^compounds of
withal, wherewithal, welcome, welfare ;
mass ; as, Candlemas, Christmas, Lammas, Michaelmas,
words of which the second part is the adjective
Sec.
also, the words
full; as, ar.fiul, hateful, rueful, woeful;
7

ga-jor.

Staid,

Derivatives from words ending in uy, as

colloquy, are not exceptions to the rule, as
cases, is not strictly a vowel, but stands for the

written stayed.
u, in

words.

fleecy

pounds, are exceptions.

also,

as,

altogether,

141 (12). In derivatives formed from words ending in

ie, by adding the termination ing, the e is dropped, and
the i changed to y, in order to prevent two Vs from coming
together as, die, dying ; hie, hying ; lie, lying ; tie, tying
vie, vying.
chilblain, fulfill, namesake, neckerchief, numskull, pastime,
142 (13). In derivatives of words ending in y pre- standish, and wherever.
ceded by a. consonant, and formed by appending any ter 147 (18). The plural of nouns regularly ends in s, or,
mination except one beginning with i, the y is usually in certain classes of words, in es.
changed into i: as, icy, iciest, icily; mercy, merciless ; tidy,
When the noun in the singular ends with such a sound
tidiness ; modify, modifies ; foggy, fogginess ; earthy, earth- that the sound of s can unite with it and be pronounced
iness ; pity, pitiful.
without forming a separate syllable, 5 only is added in formThe derivatives of adjectives of one syllable ending in y ing the plural as, sea, seas ; tree, trees ; woe, woes ; canto,
preceded by a consonant, are exceptions, and usually re- cantos; virtue, virtues: purlieu, purlieus ; claw, claws ; cab,
tain the y: as, shy, shyness; sly, slyest; dry, dryly; spry, cabs ; panic, panics ; bead, beads ; chief, chiefs ; bag, bags ;
;

wry, wryncss.
;
But the adjectives drier path, paths; lock, locks ; bell, bells; gem, gems ; fan, fans;
driest, from dry, are commonly written with i instead cup, cups ; ear, ears; act, acts.
A few plurals from nouns
of y.
Derivatives formed by adding the termination ship, ending in o preceded by a consonant, end in es : as, echo,
as secretaryship, suretyship, ladyship, and the like, also re- echoes; cargo, cargoes ; embargo, embargoes; motto, motOther nouns of this class genertain the y, though some authors write them with i, ac- toes ; potato, potatoes.
cording to the rule.
The words babyhood and ladykin are ally form their plurals regularly, though usage differs with
likewise exceptions. The y is also retained in the possessive regard to some of them.
Those in which final o is precase singular of nouns, when formed by adding s with the ceded by a vowel form their plurals regularly. The plural
apostrophe as, countries, everybody's.
of alkali is written a'kalis or alkalies ; that of rabbi, either
With regard to other nouns ending in i
143 (14)- Derivatives formed by affixing a termina- rabbis or rabbies.
tion to words ending in y preceded by a vowel, generally usage differs, though they are more properly written with
spryer, spryesi

and

retain the

y unchanged

as,

gay, gayety, gayly

play,

; sway, swayed ; obey, obeying ; joy, joyful

enjoy, enjoyed; buy, buying; gluey, giueyness.

player, plays

The words daily, laid, paid, said, saith, slain, and staid
(from day, lay, pay, say, slay, and stay), with their com-

the termination is.

When the noun in the singular ends with such a sound
s, x, or z) that the sound of s can not
unite with it in pronunciation, but must form a separate
syllable, e is inserted before s in forming the plural, unless
(as that of ch, sh, j,

;:

EULES FOR SPELLING.

the word ends with silent e, in which case the latter serves
to form a separate syllable with 5 : as, church, churches
rush, rushes ; age, ages ; lace, laces ; gas, gases
60a;,
boxes ; maze, mazes.
To express the plural of a letter, figure, or any character
or sign, or of a word mentioned without regard to its
meaning, the letter s, generally preceded by the apostrophe,
is appended, as in the phrases, " The two Vs in all ; " Two
;

s in

Some

Orion

'

"

The

ivhy's

and wherefo^eh of the question."

writers, however, omit the apostrophe in

joining the

immediately to the

Others

still

write

such

letter, character,

cases,

or word,

The two Is in all " Two *s in Orion "

the names of the letters with their proper

as in the phrases "

plural endings, instead of the letters themselves

as, the
ees, efs, ells, esses, and the like.
The plurals of letters
:

two

are also rarely expressed by simply doubling them, without

adding any plural sign as, the two ee in bee, the two 11 in
all ; but this practice is not to be commended, as ee, 11, &c,
are properly read double e, double I, &c.
:

Nouns ending

XXV

brethren; child, children; ox, oxen. To these may be added

the obsolete forms eyne, kine, shoon, hosen, housen, (from

which, though
they have received a slightly different form, end, as pronounced, with the sound of n.
152 (23). The words brother, die, pea, and penny,
have each two plurals of different forms and with different
significations as, brothers, male children of the same parent,
also, members of the same society, association, class, or
brethren, members of the same religious or ecprofession
clesiastical body, the word in this form being rarely used
except in religious writings, or in scriptural language,
where it also has the same meaning that brother has
in ordinary language
dies, implements for making impressions by stamping, or for making screws, also the
cubical parts of pedestals dice, the cubical blocks used in
games of chance peas, seeds of the pea-plant, when a definite number is mentioned
pease, the same in bulk, or
spoken of collectively pennies, the coins, especially when
a definite number is mentioned pence, the amount reckoned
eye, cow, shoe, hose, house), the first three of

by a consonant
form their plural by adding es and changing y into i: as, by these coins.
mercy, mercies ; lady, ladies ; sky, skies ; army, armies ; pity,
153 (24). A few words, mostly names of animals,
pities.
This rule includes words ending in quy, in which have the same form in the plural as in the singular as,
m, being pronounced like w, is strictly a consonant
as, deer, sheep, trout, and the like.
colloquy, colloquies.
The plural of proper nouns ending in
154 (25). Many words adopted from foreign languages
preceded
a
consonant,
is
formed
changing
into
retain their original plurals: as, datum, data; criterion,
by
by
y
y
ies, according to the rule
as, " The three Maries." Many criteria; genus, genera; larva, larvse- ; crisis, crises; matwriters, however, form the plural of such words by simply rix, matrices ; focus, foci ; monsieur, messieurs.
adding 5: as, " The three Marys."
Many words of this class, while retaining the original
When the singular of a noun ends in y preceded by a plurals, have also a second, formed after the analogy of
vowel (except ;/ having the power of iv), the plural is regu- English words of similar termination as, formula, formlarly formed by adding 5 only
as, day, days ; key, keys ; ula ox formulas; beau, beaux or beam; index, indices or
money, moneys; attorney, attorneys; alloy, alloys; guy, indexes; stratum, strata or stratum s ; bandit, banditti or

148

(19)-

in y preceded

Some

guys.

plurals of the latter class are often inaccu-

rately written with the termination ies

nies,

and the

as,

monies, attor-

like.

plurals of a few nouns ending in /or

formed by changing forfe into ves. The
following words, with their compounds, are the principal
examples namely, life, lives ; knife, knives ; wife, wives ;

149

(20).

The

fe are irregularly

sheaves; loaf loaves; beef, beeves;

;
half halves ; elf, elves ; shelf
shelves ; self selves ; wolf, wolves.
The plural of staff is
sometimes written staffs, but more commonly staves, except when it means a corps of officers, either military or
civil, in which sense it is always written staffs. The plural
of iv/iarf is generally written wharfs in England
in the
United States it is more commonly, but improperly, written
wharves, as it is also by some recent Eagiish writers.
The
plurals of hoof and turf, formerly -written hooves and turves,
are now written hoofs and turfs.
The plui-als of other
nouns ending in /, fe, or ff, are formed regularly by the
addition of 5 only.
150 (21). In the following nouns, the plural is distinguished from the singular only by a change of the vowel
or vowel sound of the word namely, man, men ; woman,
leaf leaves;
thief thieves

sheaf,

calf, calves

women ;

goose, geese

foot, feet ; tooth, teeth ; brother,

mous", mice.
Compounds ending

bandits; cherub, cherubim or cherubs; seraph, seraphim or

seraphs.
The plurals of the last two words are sometimes
incorrectly written cherubims and seraphims, with double
plural terminations, from ignorance or forgetfulness of the
fact that, in Hebrew words, im is a plural ending.
155 (26). In certain loose compounds consisting of a
noun followed by an adjective or other qualifying expression, the plural is commonly formed by making the same
change in the noun as when it stands alone as, courtmartial, courts-martial ; cousin-german, cousins-german ;
son-in-law, sons-in-law.
When, however, the adjective is
so closely joined to the noun that the compound has the
force of a simple word, the plural of the compound is commonly formed like that of any other word of the same
termination as, cupful, cupfuls ; handful, handfds.
156 (27). There are many words, besides those mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, in respect to which
usage, even that of the best authors, is variable.
The
most important of these words are mentioned in this and
the succeeding sections.
The derivatives of the word villain, as villainous, villainy, &c, though often written villanous, villany, &,c^
properly retain the i, according to the practice, of many
writers, like those of other words similarly ending in ain:
:

louse, lice ;
;
as, mountainous, from mountain ; captaincy, from captain;
with these words form their plurals in the same manner
and the like.
s, foeman, foemen;
dormouse, dormice. Words which
The words connection, deflection, inflection, and reflecend in the syllable man, and are not compounds, form tion follow the spelling of the words connect, deflect, inflect,
their plurals regularly, by adding s only as, cayman, cay- and reflect, though often written, especially in England, conmans; desman, desmans; firman, firmans ; talisman, nexion, deflexion, inflexion, and reflexion.
talismans; German, Germans; Mussidman, Mussulmans.
The word woe, though often written without the final e,
The plurals of talisman and Mussulman are sometimes, by should retain it, like most other nouns of one syllable and
a gross blunder, written talismen and Mussulmen.
of similar form
as, doe, floe, foe, hoe, sloe, toe, and the
Monosyllables other than nouns, and words of more
151 (22). A few plurals end in en : namely, brother, like.

brethren

RULES FOR SPELLING.

XXVI
than one

haying a similar termination, omit the

re ; as, center, meter, theater, &c, which are often written

centre, metre, theatre, &c.
motto, potato.
Acre, chancre, lucre, nacre, masThe words defense, expense, offense, and pretense are sacre, and ogre, retain the termination re, in order to
properly written thus, though often spelled with c instead preserve the hard sound of the c and g.
of s, for the s belongs to the words from which they are
161 (32). There are two classes of chemical words endderived, and is also used in all their derivatives.
ing respectively, as more commonly written, in ide and ine,
The words drought and height were formerly written in regard to which usage has been variable. Most of them
drouth and flight, and are still very often thus written in were formerly written without the final e ; but it is now the
America.
almost universal practice to retain it as, bromide, iodide,
The verb practice is thus written like the noun, in chlorine, fluorine, &c. The word tannin is always written
preference to the form practise, though the latter spell- without the final e.
Oxide is now generally written with
ing is used by many writers, especially in England. The the termination ide, though formerly by many written oxyd,
difference in spelling between the noun and the verb is from the supposition that the y of the last syllable repreproperly observed, in words of this kind, only in such as sented the v of the Greek ous from which the word is deare accented on the last syllable, as device, devise.
rived whereas the last syllable is simply the same as the
Derivatives of the Greek eSpa (seat, base, side
pro- termination of the words bromide, sulphide, and the like.
nounced hcd'ra), as polyhedron, tetrahedron, octahedral,
162 (33). There is a class of words ending, as proand the like, are properly thus written with h before the e nounced, with the sound of Jong ?', followed by z, some of
sometimes
polyedron,
termination,
but
are
written
which
are differently written, by different authors, with
of the
tetracdron, octacdral, &c, without the h.
either ise or ize to represent this sound
as. criticize or
157 (28). There is a class of adjectives ending either in criticise; civilize or civilise; naturalize or naturalise;
able or in ible, of which a large majority have the termina- patronize or patronise.
These words are mostly verbs, and
tion able ; as, blamable, laudable, legible, mutable, naviga- are chiefly derived from Greek words ending in i^o, or
ble, vendible.
Many of them are from Latin words ending from French words ending in iser or isr. There are a few
and not a from other sources, but formed in analogy with those
in abilis or ibilis ; some are from the French
few are formed by adding the termination to English words. derived from these languages. Those formed from Greek
Those from Latin words end respectively in able or ible, words have the termination ize ; as, anathematize, characcording as they are derived from words ending in abilis or acterize, dramatize, tantalize.
The words catechise and
credible (Lat. credibilis). exorcise are exceptions.
ibilis : as, mutable (Lat. mutabilis)
Those formed in an analogous
Those formed from English words generally end in able
manner from English words are likewise written with ize
as, avoidable, eatable, laughable, liable, salable, serviceable. as, albumenize, bastardize, memorize, sensitize.
Those
There are a few words respecting which usage is variable
derived from the French verb prendre (participle pris or
as, addible or addable ; conversable or conversible ; infer- pris') end in ise : as, apprise, comprise, imprise, enurprise,
able or infer'rible ; referable or refer'rible.
surprise.
Of those formed from French words other than
158 (29). There is a class of words beginning with en prendre, or which have corresponding forms in the French,
or in, as enclose or inclose, enquire or inquire, ensure or in- a majority end in ize, though in respect to some of them
as, civilize, formalize, organize, satirize.
sure, and the like, many of which take either form of the usage is variable
prefix iudifferently.
They are chiefly derived from the The following are the principal English verbs ending in
Latin, either directly or through the French, the prefix in ise : namely, advertise, advise, affranchise, apprise, catebelonging to the former language, and en to the latter. In chise, chastise, circumcise, comprise, compromise, criticise,
t

syllable,

as, do, go, no, so, canto,

some of these words, en

in

many

of them, either

is to

may

be preferred in others, in
be used indifferently.
;

159 (30). There was formerly considerable diversity of

usage in respect to the terminations ant and ent, both of
which were in certain cases used almost indifferently as in
the words confidant or confident, dependant or dependent,
and the like. Present usage, however, is definitely settled
in favor of one or the other form, in nearly or quite every
word of this class, though not always upon uniform principles.
In the few words in which both these terminations
are retained, it is the more general practice to write the
adjective with ent, and the common noun with ant, while
the corresponding abstract noun ends in ence, as in the
adjectives confident and dependent, the common nouns confidant and dependant, and the abstract nouns confidence
and dependence. In the case of very many words, however,
the adjective ends in ant, as also the common noun while
the abstract noun ends in ance as in the adjectives attendant and repentant ; the common nouns attendant and repentant ; and the abstract nouns attendance and repentance.
It may be remarked that the terminations ant and
ance belong properly to words derived from the French
or from Latin verbs of the first conjugation
ent and
ence to words derived from Latin verbs of the other
;

demise, despise,

devise, disenfranchise,

guise, divertise, emprise,

disfranchise,

enfranchise, enterprise,

dis-

exercise,

exorcise, franchise, manumise, misprise, premise, reprise,

It may be remarked
that most of those in respect to which usage varies are
more frequently written in England with the termination
ise, and in the United L'iates with the termination ize.
revise, supervise, surmise, surprise.

163

(34).

pounds and

The words mold and molt, and

their

com-

derivatives, are written in this Dictionary with

words bold, bolt, celt,

Most
gold, &c. from which the u has been dropped.
authors, however, write these words mould and moult, and
their derivatives in like manner.
164. (35). There is a numerous class of words almost
universally written, in the United States, with the termination or, many of which are written, in England, with the
termination our: as, candor, favor, honor, labor, rumor,
vigor.
English usage, however, is not uniform with respect
to these Avords, many of them being written with or in
English books.
165 (36). There is a small class of words ending with
o instead of ou, in analogy with the

the syllable ped (from Lat. pes, pedis, foot), the termination
of some of which was formerly, and is still frequently,
written pede : as, biped, centiped, milliped, quadruped, solithree conjugations.
The words biped and quadruped are universally
ped, &c.
a
There
is
class
of words ending in er, some written without the final e, and the others, according to
160 (31).
of which are written by most authors with the termination the best usage, should be written in the same manner.
;

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

l*

The " Exercises M given below are designed to furnish material for instruction and practice in the etymological
analysis of English words. For some remarks as to the mode of using them, see the Preface, p. iv.

PREFIXES.

about, around, on both sides,

In

some words of Greek origin, a gives them a negative sense beIn a

fore a vowel it becomes an.

ing.

&c.
Exercise.

few words of Latin origin, it is another form of the prefix ab.

Exercise. Jwake, asleep, ahead,
aside, afar, aweary; apathetic, amorphous, atheist, abyss, aorist, onoiiymous,
anomaly, anecdote, anarchy; abate,
avert.

AB. a prefix to words of Latin origin,

and a Latin preposition, is the same
as the Greek a-6. Goth, of, A.-S.
and Eng. of. It denotes from separation, or departure. Before c and t, it
is generally changed into abs. See A.
Exercise. Jbduct, abject, abjure,
abrupt, abrogate, absurd, abuse, abrade,
absolve; abscess, abscond, abstemious,
abstain.

AD. [Cf. VT. at, to. toward. Goth.

and Eng. at.] A Latin preposition,
signifying
last

to.

letter is

the

In composition, the
usually changed into
of the word to which

first letter

it is

prefixed.

Exercise. Adhere, adjoin,

addict,

adjure, admit, admonish, adorn, advent, acclaim, aggravate, a/5rm, ailege,

applaud, arrogate, ascribe, attain.

AL.

all

^mpnibious,

amp/a'the-

ater, anip/iibology, amph ibrach.

A'NA. [Gr. dva.] A prefix in words
from the Greek, denoting on, upward, up to, throughout, backward,

back

to,

again, previously, or against.

Exercise. Analogy, analytic, anatomy, anabaptist, anachronism, anagram, anapest, anathema.

ANT-,

A^f'Tl-.

[Gr. avrC, against.] A prefix

in words from the Greek,

meaning against, over against, or

opposed to.
Exercise.

^nfarctic. anthelmintic,
an^dote, antipathy, antithesis, antife-

antipodes, aiih'christian,uidiseptic,
antitype.

brile,

Xn'te.

Latin preposition, the Gr.

& Goth, and (cf. ANSWER) used in the composition of
English words, esp. in words from
It signifies
the Latin and Greek.
before in place, in front ; and figuracant, A.-S.
;

tively, before in time.

Exercise. Antechamber, antecedantemundane* ante-

ent, antediluvian,
date, antepenult.

on

sides,

many

English words, is
in some cases a contraction of on,
in, at, of, to, for; as, ablaze for in
a blaze, aboard for on board, afoot
for on foot, aground for on the
ground, ado for to do, await for
wait for. In other cases, it is contraeted from the A.-S. inseparable
particle ge-, which forms verbs from
verbs, substantives, adjectives, and
is a sort of augment to the past participle.
In some cases, it only increases the force of the word, without any essential addition of mean-

A, a prefix to

A'PO.

[Gr. euro.

SeeAB.]

Greek

preposition used in composition, and

signifying from, away from, off or
asicnder.
It sometimes has the contracted form ap.
Exercise. Apoplexy, apothecary,
apologue, apostacy, apostrophe, a_postle;
aphelion, aphorism.
,

is originally the same word as by,

It
A.-S. be and bi ov big, Goth. bi.
denotes' n ear n ess, closeness, about,
on, at, and generally has an intensive

Be.

force.

Exerctse. TJeset, bedeck, become,

bestow, bedim, becalm, becloud, befriend,

a'ta.

[Gr. Kara..]

The Latin

am).

English form of a Greek prepositior

used in composition to signify down<
downward, down upon, downright,
completely, &c. It sometimes drops
the final vowel, and is sometimes
changed to cath.
Exercise. Cataclysm, catacomh
catalogue, cataract, catarrh, cateicaus
tic,
catalepsy, catastrophe; eataptrie
category; cathartic, catholic, cathedral

QlR'-eUM.

[Accusative of circus, ?
circle, Gr. /ctpKO?.]
Latin prepo
sition, used as a prefix in
Eng
lish words.
In a few words the

many

is

dropped.

Exercise.

Circw?nscribe

cirewtrv

spect, circumvent, ci;"Ciojacent, circumnavigate, ciVci/miocution; circuit, cir

cuitous, circulate.

on-. [The same as cum,

Latin
is akin to Gr. cruv.]
preposition signifying with or against,
used in composition as an inseparable
prefix.
The form com is used before
b, p, andm, and con before the other

5i\r- or

which

consonants.
Before I, however, con
or com is changed into col ; before r
into cor ; while before a vowel or h,
is dropped.
the n or
Compose, commotion,
Exercise.
commerce, command, compact, connect,
concur, construct, convoke, contract, col-

lect, corrupt, coalesce, cohabit,

ate, coheir, cohere.

Con'tra.

co-oper-

Latin preposition, signifying against, in opposition, entering into the composition of some
English words. In old English, it
took the form counter.

Confradict, contravene,
Exercise.
contradistinguish, confravallation counteract, countermarch, counterpart, cowitercharm, coimterbalance.
;

-Co.

See

Cox.

oun'ter.

See

Contra.

In Arabic, an article or insepbecause, before, betimes.

arable prefix, answering to the Ital- BI.
[From Lat. bis, twice, which in De. A Latin prefix denoting a movian il, and the Sp. el. Its use is to
In most
composition drops the s.]
ing from, separation. Hence, it often
render nouns definite, like tho Engbranches of science, bi in composiexpresses a negative. Sometimes it
lish the.
In
tion denotes two, twice, doubly.
augments the sense.
It coincides
Exercise. ^4?cove. aZehemy, aZemchemistry, it denotes that the comnearly in sense with the Trench des
bic, aZmanac, a?cohol, aZkali.
pound contains two parts of the
and Latin dis.
See Ab.
2. A form of the prefix ad.
first-mentioned ingredient to one of
Exercise. 7>bark, decline, deXmbi. [Lat. ambi, amb, am, an (as
thus, a bichromate of
the other
cense, deduct, decamp, deject, rteter, descend, detain, depart, detract, denude,
a?nicire,
anheawzbidens, awbages,
potash contains two parts of chromic
denominate, denounce, derange, d-v
lare), Gr. ai$L, A.-S. emb, ymb.]
acid to one of potash.
prave, despoil.
About ; around;
a prefix used in
Exercise. 7?identate, biternate. 6t1. [Gr. Si's, twice.] In chemistn
composition in words derived from
axal, bicapsular. bicephalous, bieipitous, Dl.
biweekly,
binominal.
bisect,
bifoliate,
prefix denoting two equivalents jf
a
the Latin.
the substance indicated by the noun
Exercise. Ambidexter, ambient, Bis, adv. [Lat. bis, twice, for duis,
following that of which "the prefix
ambition, ambiguous: anhelation.
from duo, two, like bellum from duelforms a part a-s, dichloride of merlum.] Twice. See Bi.
Am'phi, n. [See supra.] A prefix in
Co a compound formed of
i.

cury
words of Greek origin, signifying
.Bissextile.
Exercise.
1.

exxvii)

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

XXV111

nifying among or between;

as a prefix.

two equivalents of mercury and one For. [A.-S./or, allied to Goth, fair,
of chlorine. 2. See Dis
Ger. ver.] As a prefix to verbs, for
Dl'A. [Gr. Sia, akin to Lat. dis.] A prefix denoting through, right through.
Exercise. Diameter, diagram, di-

has usually the force of a negative or

privative, denoting/crtA, away, out,

Exercise. Forbid., fors&ke, forswear, forego.

An

inseparable prefix, from the

Latin (whence Fr. des), denoting
separation, a parting from; hence
it generally has the force of a negaIt sometimes passes into the
tive.

Dis.

forms di and dif.

Exercise. Distribute, disconnect,
disarm, disoblige, disagree, disorder, dispel, discover; divert: differ, diffuse.

An inseparable prefix, from

the Greek Svo--, hard, ill, and signifying ill. bad, hard, unlucky, dangerous, &c.

/wtercept, interfere, interrupt,

intercede,
interpose,
interchange, intermingle, interview, inter
pose, intervene, intersperse.

without.

alogue, diagonal, diacritical, diatribe,

dialect.

IN'TRO.

Fore.

[\.-$. fore, kindred with for,

An adjective used in composition, to denote advancement in
place or time.

prep.]

Exercise.
Forebode, forefather,
ybreshorten, foreground, foresee, foretel\, foreordain, foreshow, forearm, forewarn, .foreknowledge, forerunner, fore-

Exercise.
E. A Latin prefix
JEM. See En.

prefix to many English words,

chiefly borrowed from the French

n.

coincides with the Latin in, Gr. ev.

For ease of pronunciation, it is
changed to em, particularly before a
it

labial.

Exercise. .Enchant, enamor, encore, encamp, engrave, enjoy, enlarge,

ennoble, enrich; employ, empower, emboss, embrace.
See Ob.] A prefix,
signifying on, above, toward,
near, &c.
Exercise. Epilogue, epithet, epidemic, epitaph, epidermis, epitomize,
ephemeral.
EU. A prefix from the Gr. ev, well,
signifying well, easy, advantageous,

EP,

p'i.

[Gr. enC.

by, to,

among,

good, and the

like.

Exercise.
charist,

EX.

eriphony,

eu-

or prefix
(Gr. e| or e<), signifying out of, out,

Hence, in composometimes out of;

from, or out; somecimes beyond. In some words, it inThe x regutensifies the meaning.
larly remains only before the vowels

proceeding from.

sition, it signifies
off,

and

before c, h, p, q, s, t ; it is asand drops

similated to a following
away altogether before the other consonants. In a few words it changes
into ec. Prefixed to names of office,
it denotes that a person has held that
office, but has resigned it, or been
left out, or dismissed.
Exercise. Exhale, exclude, ex-

scind, excess, exceed, excel, exact, exert,

exist, exonerate, exult, excel, exhaust,
expend, exquisite, exsiccant, extort, efflux, effect, e/fusion, elect, event edition, emigrate, eject, eccentric; ex-chancellor, ex-goverhor, ex-president.

Ex'TRA.

[Contr. from extern (parte),

exter, being on the outside, from
ex, out of, from.]
Latin preposition, denoting beyond or excess, often
used in composition as a prefix signifying outside of, or beyond the limits or jurisdiction of that denoted by
the word to which it is joined.
.Extradition, extravaExercise.
gant, extraneous, extraordinary, extra-

from

judicial.

hypertrohyper-

ft|/percritical,

like.

[Gr. jaero, allied

Lat. medius, Eng.

mid

to

/ueVro?,

middle.]

prefix in words of Greek origin, signifying in the midst of; also, beyond,
over, after, behind, with, between,
reversely.

Exercise. Metaphor, metaphysics,

metamorphose, metaphrase.
Mis. [A.-S., having the same origin
with the verb to miss.] A prefix denoting error, wrong, defect, unlike-

bole.

ness, Sec.

A prefix from the Greek

preposition vno [allied to Lat. sub,
upar],
under, beneath, frequentSkr.
ly used in composition to signify a
less quantity, or a low state, or degree
of that denoted by the word with
which it is joined, position beneath it,
&c. In chemistry, prefixed to the
name of a compound containing oxygen, it designates another compound
containing less oxygen as hypo-mtrous acid, which contains less oxygen
than nitrous acid.

Exercise.
Mistake,
mismanage,
mispronounce, mistrust, misbehave, misbeliever, miscreant, misdemeanor.

Hy'po.

Non,

Exercise. //)//>ochondriac,
IL.

in

won,. Lat. ncenum.

varying their meaning, as do the

prefixes un and in those of adjectives alFO, in some cases, prefixed to
adjectives.
;

hyr'>-

Exercise. Aon-reeidenee, non-per-

hypothesis, hypotenuse, hyphen.

The form of

[Lat.

static,

adv.

nenum, from ne-cenum, or neunum,

not one.] Not;
used in English
as a prefix, generally and properly to
substantives and verbs only, giving
them a negative sense, ordering and

formance, now-arrival, ?j'm-intercourse,

non-conductor, non-

non-intervention,

when used

before
See In.

acid, non-electric, non-existent,

words beginning with I.

missioned.
A prefix from the Lat. in, n being
changed to m, before a labial, for Ob.. [Kindred with Gr.

non-com-

IM.

Tvnlogy,

euphemism.
Latin preposition

sometimes

77>/perbolical,

phy, hyperborean,

the same as Ex.

and the

MET'A.

Hy'PER.

or something orer or beyond.

.Dysentery, dyspepsy.

Exercise. Introduce, intromission,

Dys-.

Exercise.

[Lat., contr. from intero

prefix signifying within,

(loco).]

into, in,

introvert, introit, introspection.

stall.

[Gr. inip, allied to Lat. super, Skr. upare, Eng. over.] A prefix
used in composition to denote excess,

used

Exercise.

The
same prefix is sometimes used in
compounds not of Latin origin. For
im, the French write em, which is
used in words introduced into Engthe sake of easy utterance.

lish

from the French language.

See

Em.

Exercise. Imbibe, immense, im-

partial, immoral, import, imprint,

bank, imbitter, imprison.

im-

IN. 1. [Allied to Gr. ev, Skr. ina.] A

prefix from the Latin in, often used
in composition, and signifying within, into, or among, or serving to
render emphatic the sense of the
word to which it is prefixed.
In
before Ms changed intoil; before r,
into ir ; before a labial, into im. 2.
See UN.] A
[Allied to Eng. un.
Latin particle of negation. Before b
and p, it becomes im ; before I, m, r,
the n assimilates itself to these consonants.
In a few words in is
changed into ig.

Exercise. ].

7nl>red, incase, inject,

inspect, induce, infuse, inclose, increase;
illegal, Illumine, illusion irradiate, irra;

tional, irregular; imbitter, immaterial,

impatient.
2. Inactive, incapable, invincible, intolerable, infirm, impassable;
illicit, illimitable, immortal, irrepressible, irresolute, irmoble, ignorant.

In'ter.
ending.]

in, with an adverbial

Latin preposition, sig-

[From

eVt.J

Latin

preposition, signifying, primarily, in

front, before, and hence against, toward. In composition the 6 is often
changed into the first letter of the

word

to

which

it is

prefixed.

In a

few cases the b becomes s. It means reversed or back in Novate, occiput, &c.

Exercise. Object, obligatory, occasion, offer, oppose, ostentation.

Pa'ra.

[Gr., prob. akin to Lat.pr^and

prseler.]
preposition, used in com-

position, and signifying beside, to the

side of to, amiss, wrong, beyond,
contrary to, &c.
It is sometimes
contracted into par.

Exercise.
7'a?-dox,
.paragon,
paralysis, parasite, parallel, paragraph,
paraclete, p?-aphrase
parody, paroxysm, parhelion.
;

PER.

Latin preposition often used

in composition as a prefix denoting
through, passing, or over the whole

extent.
The r is sometimes assimilated. In chemistry, it signifies very,
fully, or to the utmost extent ; as
in peroxide, a substance oxidated to
the utmost degree.

Exercise. Perambulate, perfunctory, persecute, perforate, permanent,

percussion, pervade, peruse,
perfection, perdition, pellucid; peroxide.

permit,

PER'I. [Gr. irepC, Skr. pari.] A prefix used in many words derived from

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

and

Greek,

the

signifying

with,

around, about, near, and the like.

Exercise. Pericarp, period, periphrase, peripatetic, periphery, perihelion, perimeter.

A Latin preposition, used in

composition as a prefix, signifying

Post.

after.

Exercise.
posterior,

An

Pre.

Postpone,

postscript,
postobit.

posthumous,
English form of the Latin

prefix, pree, before. It expresses priority of time, place, or rank.

Exercise. Preclude,

predict, prepreponderate, precursor, precede,

prefix, prelude, premonition, pre-eminent.
Pre 'TER. A prefix, from the Lat.
fer,

prseter (from prse, with the adverbial

termination ter), used in the composition of some English words, and
having the signification of past, beyond ; heuce, beside, more.

Exercise. Preterit, pretermit, preternatural.

without, and used in composition.

It drops the final e in sincere, and
in simple.
also changes the n into

Exercise. Sinecure.

STEP.

[A.-S. steop, fr. sieopan, stepan,

to bereave.]
prefix used in composition before father, mother, brother,
&c, to indicate that the person thus
spoken of is not a blood-relative, but
is a relative by the marriage 01 a parent.

Exercise. Stepson,

stepsister, step-

child.

SDb.

Latin
[Allied to Gr. vno.]
preposition, denoting under or below,
used in English as a prefix, to express
aninferior position, or intention, and
also a subordinate degree, or imperfect state of a quality. Before c,f, g,
p, r, and m, the b is changed into
those letters.

Exercise. inscribe,

subsequent,
submarine, submerge, submit, subtract,
subacid, substitute, subside, subordinate,
subterranean succeed, su/fer, suggest,
suppose, surrogate, summon.
GST' When prefixed to the name of a
chemical compound, sub denotes that
this, if an oxysalt, contains a less number
;

Pro.

neuter dative for proi, Gr.

A Latin preposition, used in
7rpo.]
composition as a prefix, and denoting
fore, forth, forward, in front of, in
[Orig.

favor of, for, in the place of.

Exercise. Produce, p?-oject, propromise, protract, pronoun, proceed, provoke, promote, protrude.
Pros. [Gr. Trpos. Cf. Skr. prati.]
Greek preposition, used in composition, and signifying motion towards,
a being on, at, by, or beside, aremaining bf-side, and hence connection and engagement ivith any thing.
Exercise.*- Proselyte, prosody.
PSEU'DO (su'do). [From Gr. i/zevSifc,
fess,

lying, false, from xj/evSeiv, to belie.]

prefix used in words from the
Greek, and signifying false, counterfeit, pretended, or spurious.

Exercise. Pseudo-martyr, pseudophilosophy, pseudonym.

An inseparable prefix or preposition in words from the French and

Italian, coming from the Lat. re and
ad combined. See Re and Ad.

Ra.

Exercise.
Re.

[Lat.]

.Sally,

ramble.

prefix or inseparable par-

ticle in the composition of words, denoting return, repetition, iteration.

It is abbreviated from red, which the
Latins retained in words beginning
with a vowel.

Exercise.
retract, ?-evert,

Pecur, reduce, refrain,

rebuild, reform, restore,

resound, resist, renew, recall, remove,

resume, revolve; ?-edeem, redintegrate.

Re'tro.

[Lat.,

from

re,

and the ad-

verbial termination ter.]

prefix in
words from the Latin, signifying back
or backivard.

Exercise.

Petrocede,

form of sine.] An inseparable preposition used in some words

from the Latin, and signifying with[Orig.

out, aside, by itself.

Exercise.
.Secure, seduce, seclude,
secede, sequester, separate, sedition, se_gregate.
Si'ne.

Sub'TER. [From

swo, and the adverbial

Latin preposition, signifying under, used as a
prefix in English with the same
meaning as sub ; but it is less general
in its application.
Exercise. Subterfuge.
Latin preposition (same as
Su'PER.
Gr. vTrep), used as a prefix, and signifying above, over, or in excess.
Exercise. Supe?-fine, superintend,
supervise, supernumerary, superadd, superhuman, superfluous, superlative, superstructure.
Su'PRA. [Orig. supera, from super.]
A Latin preposition, signifying above,
over, or beyond, and used in composi-

termination

ter.]

tion.

Exercise. Supralapsarian.
SfJR.
A prefix, from the French, contracted from the Latin super, supra,

and

signifying over, above, beyond,

upon.
Exercise. Surcharge,

Exercise.

Greek prepoakin to Lat.

with, along
sam],
sa-,
Skr.
simul,
with, together with, at the same
ph,
it changes
Before
m,
time.
6,
p,
and
into sym ; before I, into syl
sometimes the n is dropped.
prefix from the
sition o-vv [Lat. cum,

Transalpine,

Latin prepositioE signifying

Exercise. Synonym, syntax,

syn-

synod, synopsis, synchronous,

synovial; symbol, symmetry, sympathy,
symphony, sy/logism, system.

thesis,

TrXn.

Latin preposition, used in

English as a prefix, signifying over,
beyond, through, on the other side.
Hence, in a moral sense, it denotes a
complete change. It sometimes drops

trans-At-

transfer,
transmit,
lantic,
transport,
transit, transgress, transform, transcend;

tradition, traduce.

TRI.

prefix, signifying three, thrive,

rpis, thrice, Tpets, rpia, Lat.

from Gr.

tres, tria, tbree.

Exercise. Triangle, trident, triennial, trjcenniai, tricuspid, triune.

UL'TRA.

[Lat., orig. fem, of ulter,

being beyond.] A prefix from the
Latin, having in composition the signification beyond, on the other side,
chiefly when joined with words expressing relations of place. In other
relations, it has the sense of excessively,

exceedingly, beyond what is

right, ox- proper.

common, natural,

Exercise. CTtramarine, uZtramon*

tane, ultramundane, uZtratropical; uL
tra-conservative, uZtra-despotic.

[A.-S vn and sometimes on, allied to Gr. dv, a, Skr. an, a, Lat. in.]
negative prefix attached at will to

C"N.

almost any English adjective, or participle used adjectively, and to less

numerous classes of nouns and verbs

See

UN

in the Dictionary.
Unable, unfriendly, un*

Exercise.

certain, undo, unbar, untruth, unworthy.

WITH.

[A.-S. widh, wid, with, at,

against, Icel. vi'dh, against. Compare A.-S. mid, midh, Goth, mith,
An English prepoGer. mit, with.]
sition, used in composition, and sigopposition,
privation, sepanifying
ration, or departure.
Exercise.
JFitndraw, withstand,
withhold.

SUFFIXES.
A suffix

A. [Gr. -a/cd?.]
of or pertaining

signifying

to.

Exercise. Demoniac,

hypochon-

driac, cardiac, elegiac, prosodiac.

termination of
AGE. [Fr.]
having a collective or abstract

nouns
mean-

ing.

Advantage,
Exercise.
average,
herbage, foliage, pillage, vassalage, appanage, homage, parentage, fruitage.

AL.
surmount,

surprise, surfeit, surmise, surcoat, surface, surplus.

Syn.

the last
the two last consonants.

[Lat,

-alis.]

termination of

words from the Latin, denoting

pertaining

to.

of, or

See Cal.

Exercise. Annua?,

cordiaZ, finaZ,
legal, martiaZ, regaZ, frugaZ, filiaZ, carnal, casual, flora 7 , manuaZ, judiciaZ, locaZ, decenniai.

AN. [Lat. -anus.] A termination of

some nouns and adjectives from the
Latin, denoting

retrospect,

retrograde, ?-etroact.

SE.

of equivalents of the acid than of the

base, or that the base is a sub-oxide; or,
if it is a haloid salt, or analogous compound, that the electro-negative is in a
smaller proportion than the electro-positive constituent, or is combined with it in
the smallest proportion possible; as in
sub-bromide, sub-iodide, &c.

XXIX
consonant, and sometimes

office,

profession, or

character.

Exercise.

Christian,

comedian,

tragedian, elysian, tertian, hyperborean,

sylvan, republican, pagan, Roman.

ANCE, ) [Lat. -antia.] Terminations

.&N-CY. J
of some nouns having an
abstract signification.
Exercise. Elegance, abundance,

brilliancy, vacancy,

dissonance, tolerance, ignorance, circumstance, repentance, imancy, necromancy.

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

XXX

[Lat. -art!:, -antis.] A termination of adjectives from the Latin, expressing quality or habit ; and of
nouns denoting the doer of a thing.
Vagrant, abundant, verExekcise.
dant, extravagant, triumphant, vigilant,
dominant, exorbitant; assistant, commandant, dependant, intendant, lieutenant.

&NT.

AR.

[Lat. -aris.]
adjectives derived

and denoting

of,

termination of

from the Latin,

or pertaining

to.

Exercise. Angular, jocular,

pendicular, similar, linear,

solar, secular, regular.

perfamiliar,

the termination of many English

words, is taken from the Goth, hardus, A.-S. heard, Icel. & Eng. hard,
and appears in proper names as,
Renard, strong in counsel Goddard,
strong in, or through, God, &c. We
find it also in appellatives, usually
with a bad signification.
Exercise. Drunkard, dotard, bastard, niggard, sluggard, dullard, cow-

ARD,

ard, -wizard, laggard, dastard.

A-RY.

termination
of adjectives from the Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to; and of
nouns, denoting the doer of a thing.
-arius.]

[Lat.

Auxiliar.?/,

Exercise.

military,
biliarw, stipendiary,
pecuniar?/, primary, plenary, ordina?'?/, sublunar?/,
adversary, mercenary, vocabulary, lapidary, boundary, granary.

ATE.

[Lat.

-atus.]

termination;

Of

2.
verbs.
Of adjectives,
implying nature, likeness, quality,
1.

agreement, effect, &c. 3. Of nouns,

denoting (a.) office or dignity; (b.)
the possessor of an office or dignity;
(c.) salts containing one degree or
more of oxygen.

Exercise.

1.

Deliberate,

initiate,

extricate, permeate, suffocate, navigate,

ventilate, fascinate, anticipate, venerate. 2. Moderate, ultimate, temperate,

obdurate, fortunate, insensate, passionate, effeminate, immaculate. 3. Pontificate, electorate, palatinate; magistrate,
delegate, legate, candidate, advocate,
laureate, surrogate;
sulphate, phosphate.

Bl/E.

[Lat. -bilis.]

termination of

from the Latin, or

formed on the same model, and signifying capable of being, or worthy
adjectives derived

to be.

Exercise.
ble,
ble,

Flexible, mutabZe, sensiwarrantable, capable, curabZe, blam-

abZe,

commendabZe,

incredibZe, accessi-

excusable.

Cal.

termination of
from the Latin or
following the analogy of such, and
signifying of or pertaining to.
Exercise.
AnatomieaZ, comicaZ,
[Lat. -cms ]
adjectives derived

magical, practicaZ, technical, classicaZ,

analytical, botanicaZ, practicaZ,
ical,

D6M.

dogmat-

periodical

termination denoting jurisdiction, or property and jurisdiction.

was originally doom, judgment.

Hence it is used to denote state, conIt

dition, or quality.

Exercise. Kingdom, sheriffdom,

dukedom, earldom, Christendom, wisdom, freedom, thralldo*w

[Gr. -cuos, or

E-AN.

-eus.]

-<rio9,

Exercise.

Lat. -seus,

termination of adjectives

Art/id, beautiful, peace-

ful, grate/?//, careful, useful, bash/td, fanciful, painful,

powerful, doubtful.

from Greek adjectives, or

formed on the pattern of such ad- FY. [Lat. facere, fieri, Vr.fier.] A termination of verbs, denoting to make,
jectives, and denoting of or pertainderived

ing

Exercise. Ampli/y,

Ee. A termination of nouns, denoting

one on or to whom something is done.
Exercise. Appellee, donee, referee,
trustee, lessee, grantee, legatee, patentee.

Eer.

See IER.
En. A plural termination of nouns
and of verbs formerly in use, as in
housen, escapen, and retained in oxen
and children. It is also still used as
the termination of some verbs, as in
hearken, from the Anglo-Saxon inIt is also used to form from
finitive.
nouns adjectives expressing the material of which a thing is made.
Exercise. Glisten, listen; leaden,

wooden, golden, birchen, earthen, oaken,

hempen, oaten, flaxen, waxen.

termination
of abstract nouns from the
En-'cy. J
Latin, or of nouns that follow the
analogy of nouns so derived.
[Lat. -entia.]

Exercise. Abstinence, circumfer-

ence, reticence, agency, contingency, innocence, coalescence, diffidence, providence, intelligence, prudence, presidency,

tendency, despondency, exigency, clemency, transparency, solvency.

[Lat. -ens, -entis.] A termination of nouns from the Latin, denoting the doer of a thing ; or of participial adjectives expressing quality
or habit.
recipient,
Dependent,
Exercise.

nt.

student, president, agent, adherent; fervent, arde??Z, indolent, esculent, refulgent, incumbent, evanescent, evident,

omnipotent.

A termination of many English

words, and the Teutonic form of the
Latin or. It denotes an agent, and
was originally of the masculine gen-

Er.

applied to men or
things indifferently. At the end of
names of places, er signifies a man
of the place ; thus, Londoner is the
same as London man.
der,

but

is

now

Exercise. Hater,

farmer,

heater,

grater, builder, waiter, lover_, doer, maker, strainer, poke?-, ruler, pointer, painter, voter.

ES'CENT.

[Lat. -escens, -escentis.]

termination of participial adjectives

from the Latin, denoting progression,
growing, or becoming.

Exercise.
cent,

putresConvalescent,
quiescent, effervescent, phosphor-

esce/it,

incandescent.

from Lat. -ix.] A termination of nouns feminine, distinguishing them from correspondent nouns

Ess.

[Fr.,

masculine.

Exercise.
Authoress, lioness, Degress, shepherdess, actress, giantess, sorceress, tigress, huntress, countess, priestess, hostess, poetess.

[The same as full.] A termination of adjectives denoting plenitude

or abundance, and generally formed

FUL.

from substantives.

que^y,

rare;///,

Hood.

deify, grafi/y,
qualify,

stupefy,

paci/'?/,

rati/y,

testj/y,

signi/y, gloriyy,

auanmntean, tartarean, empyrean.

ENCE,

become.

to

to.

herculean
Cerulean,
Exercise.
hyperborean, subterranean, epicurean,

recti/]/.

[A.-S. had, from had, state,

order, degree, person, form,

sex,

manner, Goth, haidus.]

termina-

tion denoting slate or fixedness, condition, quality, character, totality.

Sometimes it
Exercise.

is

written

lit

Man//aorZ,

ad.
childhood

knight/;oor/, brother/iooc/, boyhood, wid-

owhood, neighborhood, priesthood; godhead.

[Gr.

I-e.

Lat. -icus.]

-(./cos,

nation of adjectives denoting

pertaining to.

termiof, or

Authentic, concentric,
Exercise.
magnetic, seraphic, academic, dogmatic,
periodic, theoretic, botanic, cubic, prosaic, apostolic.

lS. A termination of nouns, plural

in form but singular in signification,
applied to certain arts or sciences.
mathematics,
Optics,
Exercise.
hydraulics, mechanics, physics, acoustics, statics, hermeneutics.
ID. [Lat. -idus.] A termination of
adjectives denoting quality.
Exercise. Acid, liquid rigid, sor-

did, arid, fervid, fluid, horrid, humid,

torpid, timid, rancit/, torrid, vivid.

IER,

EER.

[Fr. -ier, -iere.]

of

termination

nouns denoting men from

employment.

their occupations or

Brigadie?-,
grenndie-,
Exercise.
cavalier, mountaineer, volunteer, financier, enginee? , auctionee?-, buccaneer.

A termination of
[Lat. -His.]
adjectives from the Latin, denoting

ILE.

of, or pertaining to.

fragile,
Agile,
docile,
Exercise.
versatile, faciZe, puerile, volatile, fertile,
hostiZe, futi'Ze, mercantile.

Ine.

[Lat. -inus.]

adjectives'
of, or

termination of

from the Latin, denoting

pertaining

to.

Exercise. Adamantine, feminine,

aquiline, canine, clandestine,
alpine, serpentine, genuine, equine.
terIon. [Lat. -io, genitive -ionis.]
pristi??e,

mination of abstract nouns derived

from the Latin, or formed after the

same analogy.

Ambition, conception,
Exercise.
probation, evasion, version, cnicifixion,
union, action, addition, compassion, extension, opinion, vermilion.
-isc, Goth, -isk, N. H. Ger.
A termination of English
denoting diminution, or a
small degree of the quality, ish annexed to proper names forms a pos-

ISH. [A.-S.
-isch.]

words

sessive adjective.

Annexed

to com-

mon

nouns, it forms an adjective denoting a participation of the qualities expressed by the noun.
Exercise. "Whitisli, yellowish ; Swedish, Danish, Engli.d/, Spanish, Scottish;
foolisli, roguish, brutish, childisli, doltisli,
boorish, slavish, feverisA, knavisli, girlish,

womanwft.

;;

PREFIXES A^D SUFFIXES.

[Gr.

termination of
"nouns from the Greek, or of nouns
formed on the same model as these,
denoting tenets, doctrines, or princi-

!nl.

-to-ju.0?.]

ples.

being an abbreviation of A.-S. lie, Goth, leiks, Eng.

like.}
A termination of adjectives,

LY.

1st.

sillily,

pations, pursuits, or principles.

Exercise.
Baptist, chemist, eulo-

theist,

gist,

sophist,

philologist,
botanist.

Ite.

[Lat. -itus.]

hi%,

shel??/,

brave ly,

from

verbs),

termination of

denoting

con-

Engagement,

ment, impediment, einbarrass?nenf, ludgntent, amusement, investment, arbitra[Lat. -nionium,-monia.] A

termination of nouns from the Latin,

Appetite,

exquisite, favorite,
recondite,
definite, opposite,
requisite, bedlamite. Jacobite.

signifying action, or an active faculty,

being, or a state of being, viewed ab-

See Ty.

stractly.

[Lat. -ivus.]
A termination of
adjectives from the Latin,
denoting ability, power, or activity.
Exercise. Authoritative, incentive,

Ive.

Exercise.

nouns and

persuasive, vindictive, convulsive, delunegative, formative, conducive,

adjectives.

It indicates

testimony,

degree of the thing or quantity

loathsome, troublesome, wholesome, lonesome.

STER.

It

termu

or occupation.
to

denote

agent in an action.
signified, at first, a
sings
but the ending
ster having at length, in a measure,
lost its peculiar force, the feminine
termination ess was appended to it
thus, songster became songsteress,or
songstress, with a double ending.
female

the

female

who

Exercise.
spinster,
tapster.

of abstract

skill

Thus, songster

matrimony,
Alimony,
ceremony, parsimony, acri-

termination

[A.-S. -estre, -istre.]

was originally applied

Gamester,
songster,
youngster, punster, maltster,

[A.-S. -ness, -niss, Goth, -nas-

a considera-

as, mettlesome, full of mettle or?

gladsome, very glad or joy"
spirit
ous.

mony, sanctimony, patrimony.

Ness.

like,

termination of certain

nation denoting

Mo-NY.

Exercise

sum, Goth, sama,

[A.-S.

the same.]

manage-

ment, infringement.

names.

SOME.

Exercise. Blithesome, wearisome,

dition, state, or act.

Exercise.

See Ion.

Sion.

angrily, meekly.

often

nouns and adjectives. It is often

used to form collective or gentile

I-TY.

gristZi/,

costZy, priestZy,

Me NT. A termination of nouns (formed

moralist, novelist,
annalist, cnemist,

oculist,

CourtZy,

coarse?;/, pure?;/, chief ly, tJ.sh.ly, tardily,

termination of

nouns denoting men from their occu-

xxxi
ship, copartnership, hards/iip, clerkshiv,
worship, scholars/tip, censors/lip.

ble

Exercise.
portZy,

lich,

lice].

magnetism.
[Gr. -ktttjs.]

Eng.

as in lovely, manly, that is, lovelike, man-like.

It is also a termination of adverbs [0. Eng. liche, A.-S.

Exercise. Atheism, catechism, heroism, mechanism, sophism, skepticism,

archaism, barbarism, heathenism, egotism,

[0.

T,

[A.-S.]

A termination of abstract

sive,

sus.]

furtive, derisive.

TH. ) nouns of Anglo-Saxon origin.

names, denoting state, or quality.
Exercise. DeptTi, growtn, strength,
goodness,
Exercise. Blindness,

termination of
verbs from the Greek, or of
IsE.
verbs formed on the same model, and
denoting to make, to cause to be, to
become.

Ize,

[Gr. -ifeiv.]

greatness, sweetness, godliness, weariness,

stiffness, rashness, boyishness, blackness,
usefubiess, zealousness.

Exercise.

Agonise,

characterize,
exercise, equalise,
civilise, enfranchise, exorcise, memorise,

tantalize,

Tion.

OCK.

KIN.

A diminutive

termination.

CrumbZe, bundie, girdZe,

Exercise.
joggZe, fondZe, dimpZe, throttZe, thimbZe,
canticZe, ruff Ze, speckZe, suckie, sparkZe,
6toppfe.
syllable of manyadjectives. It is the
A.-S. leas, allied to Eng. loose, from
A.-S. leosan, to lose. Hence, it is a
privative word, denoting destitution ;
as, a wit/ess man, a man destitute of

nouns and >ome

wit chiidiess, without children.

;

Exercise. FatherZess,
penniZess,
lifeZess,

lawZess, boundZess,
careZess,

nameZess,

faifhZess,

needZess,
hopeZess,

nerveZess, worthZess, pitiZess.

LET.

[French dim. termination

as
in islet, eaglet, circlet, goblet, floweret,
baronet : with I inserted, as in streamlet, branchlet.]
A termination of diminutives as, hamlet, a little house
rimlet, a small stream.
;

et,

Exercise.

EyeZef,

frontZet,

tabZet,

termination denoting
[A.-S.]
condition, offspring, or progeny.

Exercise.

earthZing,
HireZing,
worldZing, founding, darZing, firstling,
underling, starling, grcundling, gosling,
i&vling, changeling, faXling, nestling.

[Lat. -tudo.]

termination

gratitude, solitude, infinitude, turpitude,

altitude, rectitude, servitude, aptitude,

Amplitude,

Exercise.

fortitude,

magnitude.

^
In general, or is annexed to
words of Latin, and er to those of TY. [Lat. -tas, -tatis, Fr. -te\] A termination of words denoting action or
English, origin. See ER.
an active faculty, being, or a slate of
Exercise. Actor, creditor, editor,
being, viewed abstractly.
captor, conductor, pastor, inspector,
pretor, orator, dictator, professor.
Exercise. Antiquity,
difficulty,
humility, necessity, probability, laxity,
0-RY. [Lat. -orius.] A termination
impiety, society, modesty, majesty, libof words from the Latin, denoting
erty, fatuity.
lessor.

of,

or pertaining

to.

Amatory, consolatory,
Exercise.
promissory, satisfactory, compulsory,
cursory, prefatory, nugatory, valedic-

tory.

A terminaadjectives
are derived directly
from the Latin), denoting quality or
property).
Exercise. Dubious, conscious, atro-

Ose,
Otis.

[Lat. -osus, -us.]

tion of English

(many of which

conspicuous, onerous, generous,

dangerous, populous, morose, comatose,
operose, verbose.

Ure.

[Lat. -ura.]

termination of

words derived from the Latin (often

through the Italian or French), and
denoting action or an active faculty,
being, or a state of being, viewed abstractly.

Exercise. Creature, fracture, legislature, nature, superstructure, lecture,

fissure, flexwre, exposu?-e, tenure, juncture, verdure.

cious,

[A.-S. rice, ric ; fr. the same root

as Lat. regere, to rule, and regio , retermination signifying jurisgion.]
diction, or a district over which government is exercised.

lire.

Exercise. Bishopric.

ringZet.

IAxg.

See Ion.

mat-

hillocfc,

A terminating

Less.

Tude.

termination of Latin nouns,

denoting an agent. It is annexed to
many words of English origin as in

paddock, pollock.

tocfc,

tin, pipA:i, bocLtin.

diminutive

of abstract nouns from the Latin,

signifying action or an active faculty, being, or a state of being.

OR.

Exercise. Bulloefc,

organise, satirise.

ItiE.

[A.-S. -ca or -uca.]

termination of nouns.

criticise",

[A.-S. cyn, cynd, kin, kind, offallied to Lat. genus,

spring, race
diminutive terGr. yevos, yovos-]
mination, denoting small, from the
of child.
Exercise. Lambtin, manikin, nap-

wealth, width, warmth, birth. breadtTi,

dept/i, mirth, healtZi, truth; draff, joint,
flight, height, drift, gift, theft.

Ship. [A.-S. scipe, scype, fr. scyppan,

to mold, form, shape.]
A termination denoting state, office, dignity,
profession, or art.

Exercise. Lords/lip,
friendsZiip,
chancellorship, stewardship, horseman-

Ward,

or Wards..
[A.-S. -weard,
-weardes; Goth, -vairths, allied to
Lat. verier e, to turn, versus, toward.^
A suffix used in the composition of a
large class of words, and denoting
direction, or tendency to, motion toward, and the like.

Exercise. Up ward, omcards, westward, backioards, forward, homeward,

downwards, inward.
[A.-S. wise, allied to guise .] A
termination of adverbs implying in

Wise.

the direction or

Exercise.

manner

of.

Endwise,

eidewise, likewise.

lengthwise,

ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS.

a. . .stands for adjective.
abbrev
abbreviated.
adverb.
adv
Algebra.
Alg

Goth, .stands for Gothic.

Greek.
Gr

Am. Amer

America, American.

Anat
Anc

Anatomy.
Ancient.

H.
Heb
Her

Antiq

Antiquities.

Hind

Ar

Hist
hypoth

Arith

Arabic.
Architecture.
Arithmetic.

Armor
A.-S

Armorican.
Anglo-Saxon.

Icel

Astrol

Astrology.

imp

Aslron

Astronomy.

impers

augm

augmentative.

Ind

Arch

Bisc

Biscayan.

Bot
Braz

Botany.

Gram

Chin

Com
comp
compar
conj
contr
corrupt

it.,Bal

intensive.
interjection.
Irish.
Italian.

Japan

Japanese.

inter
Ir

Chinese.
Colloquial, colloquially.

Colloq

person.

Pg

Peruvian.
Portuguese.

pi.

plural.

Poet
Pol

Poetry, poetical.
Polish.
participle past.
participle present.
Prefix
preposition.
preterit.
Principles.
principally.

p.

p.pr
Pref. , pre/.

pret
is).

impersonally.
Indian.
below.

infra
intens

Confer (compare).
Chaldee.
Chemistry.

Chem

Icelandic.
id est (that
imperfect.

i.

Cf.

High.
Hebrew.
Heraldry.
Hindostanee.
History.
hypothetical.

pers

Peruv

prep

Brazilian.

Chald

pe rh .. stands for perhaps.

Grammar.

Prin
prin
Print
prin

Printing.
privative.
probably.

Prob., prob

Pron pron...
ton.,
mon

Pronunciation, pronounced pronoun.

;

prop
Pros
Prov

Prosody.

Rhet

Rhetoric.

properly.

Provincial.

Low.

Rom

Roman.

Lat

Latin.

Rom. Cath

Roman Catholic.

Literally, literally.

Russ

Russian.

Middle.
masculine.

Sax

Machinery
Malayan.
Mathematics.

Scot

Commerce, common.
compound, compound-

Lit.,

comparative.
[ed.
conjunction.
contracted,con traction.
corrupted, corruption.

ill...

lit

m
Mach.
Malay.

*
.

Matk

Saxon.

Script

sing
Skr

singular.
Sanskrit.

Sp

Spanish.

Dutch.

Mech

Dan

Danish.

Med

dat

dative.

Mil

Military.

superl

superlative.

Dim., dim

diminutive.

Min

Mineralogy.

supra

modif.

modification.

Sio

above.
Swedish.

Music.
Mythology.

Syn

Synonyms.

Syr.

Syriac.

New.
noun.

term
Theol

Turk

termination.
Theology.
Turkish.

Eccl

Ecclesiastical.

Mus

Eng

England, English.

Myth

esp

especially.

N.
feminine.
Farriery.
figuratively.
Fortification.

f.

Far
fig
Fort
fr

from.

Fr
fut

French..
future.

Gael
gen

Gaelic.
genitive

Geol.

Geology.

n
Naut

Mechanics.
Medicine.

neut

Nautical.
neuter.

Norm. Fr

Norman French.

Obs

Old.
Obsolete.

orig

original, originally.

v. i

Geom

Geometry.

Ger

German.

p. a
Paint
Per

77.

vb.
v.

[stood)

(being underScotland, Scottish.

ScripScripture,

scilicet

sc

[tural-

United States.
verb.
verbal noun.

verb intransitive.
verb transitive.

participle.
participial adjective.

W.

Welsh.

Painting.
Persian.

Zool

Zoology.

%* In this Dictionary, words from foreign languages, both ancient and modern, are usually printed in Italics,
though many of them are not ordinarily so printed in other works as, ADOBE, ADDENDUM, ALIBI.
*#* Compound words, which in ordinary writing and printing have their constituent parts separated by a hyphen, are here distinguished from those which are usually and properly written and printed without one, by the use
of a longer hyphen than that employed for the mere division of words into syllables as, ALE-HOUSE. Words having
prefixes or initial syllables which are commonly separated from other syllables by a hyphen, are distinguished in tho
same way as, Re-enforce, Electro-magnetic.
%* The syllables -ED -ING, inclosed within brackets (see Abandon), represent respectively the imperfect tense and
past participle, and the present participle
which may in all cases be used as a verbal noun
of regular verbs. In
like manner, the syllables -ER; -est (see Dark) represent the comparative and superlative degrees of regular adjectives.
The principal parts of irregular verbs (as Make) and the comparative and superlative of irregular adjectives (as Good) are
;

given in full.
* * The figures which immediately follow certain words in the Vocabulary refer to corresponding sections in the
#
Principles of Pronunciation on pp. vii.-xxii., or in the Rules for Spelling, on pp. xxii.-xxvi
* * For the " KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION," see page vi. It is desirable that those who use this Dictionary
#
should make themselves familiar with the Key, as they will then find it eaay to understand the notation by which the
pronunciation of every
is expressed.

wwd

(xsxiU

DICTIONARY
OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE
ABECEDARIAN

(2-8, 44, 45), an adjective, commonly called the indefinite artiand signifying one or any, but

cle,
less

emphatically. It is a contraction of an, and is substituted for it

before all words beginning with a
consonant sound, except words beginning with the soimd cf h and having the accent on any other syllable
than the first.
Backward, against
A-bAck', adv.
said of the sails when
the mast
pressed by the wind.

Xb'a-US,

[Lat.]
plate upon the
capital of a col-

umn.

n.

2.

sliding balls.
A-bAft' (6), prep.

back

Abacus.

by means of

Towards the stern

A-bAn'don, v. t. [-ed; -ing, 137.]

[Lat. ad, and Low Lat. bandum.]
To give up wholly and finally, or
with a view never to resume.

Syn. To relinquish; forsake; desert;

We

surrender; leave; forego.

abandon
what we give up finally, as vice ; we relinquish what we have prized or sought,
as a claim or hopes ; we desert what we
ought to adhere to, as duty ; we surrender (usually under a necessity) what we
have held as our own or in trust, as a
fortress; we renounce a thing publicly
or as a duty, as allegiance or the world.

tirely, as to

p. a.
vice.

A-bAn'don-ment,

Given up en-

n.

Entire deser-

tion or relinquishment.

A-base',

v.
abaisser.]

ground

[-ed

-ing, 140.] [Fr.

To bring low, as to the

t.

to cast down.
Syn.
To depress; degrade; reduce;
humiliate; humble.
;

A-base 'me NT,

n.
Act of abasing, or
bringing very low.
Syn.
Humiliation; depression; degradation. Abasement is a humbling, as
of the proud ; debasement is a corrupting,
as of coin; depression is a sinkingdown,

A,, i,6,u,

A-bXsh',

v.
abaisser.]

[-ed;

t.

-ing.]

To destroy the

We

session ; we are confounded when our

faculties are overwhelmed and brought
to a stand.
A-bat'a-ble, a. Capable of being

abated.

A-BATE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. ab

and batuere.] To bringdown or reduce
;

state,

num-

ber, degree, or the like specifically,

(Law.), (a.) to cause to fail as a
writ (b.) to destroy as a nuisance.
to become
v. i.
1. To decrease
less in strength or violence.
2. To
be defeated to fail, as a writ.
Syn.
To decline subside diminish. Lessen, decrease, diminish, refer to
quantity or size
decline is to fall off;
abate supposes previous violence, as,
the storm abates ; subside, previous commotion, as, the tumult subsides.

A-BATE'MENT,

Act of abating, or
state of being abated decrease specifically, (a.) a remitting, as of a
tax; (b.) failure, as of a writ; (c.)
removal, as of a nuisance.
[Fr.
Ib'a-tISj In.
See Abate.]
Ab'at-tis, )
A row of sharpened
branches of trees turned outward for
n.

^defense.
A Syriac word meaning
n.
father, used to denote a religious
superior.
Xb'ba-^y, n. The condition or priv[abbey.
ileges of an abbotPertaining to an
Ab-bA'tial, a.
[Fr.]
Originally,
(ab'ba), n.

Ab'ba,

ABBE

an abbot

but now, an

ecclesiastic

devoted to teaching, literature, &c.

Governess of a nunnery.
n.

Xb'be ss
Ib'BEY,

n.

pi.

Ab'BEY.

1.

res-

idence of monks or nuns. 2. The

dwelling of an abbot. 3. A church
attached to a monastery.

\,long_; A, E,I,6.u, f, short;

OR, do, wolf, too, TO"OK

[Fr.
self-pos-

session of; to strike with sudden

shame or fear.
confuse confound.
Syn.
are confused when we lose our self-pos-

To

cAre, fAr, Ask, all,

URN, rue, pull

E,

I,

AB'BOT, n.
Head of a

[Lat. abba.
See ABBA.}
society of monks.
The state or office
n.

Ab'bot-ship,

of.

A-bAn'don.ed,

a peer.

from a higher to a lower

in- lsissss?2

metical calculations

The upper

An

strument for performing a r i t h-

from

1.

as of spirits ; degradation is a bringing

down from a higher rank or grade, as of

what

O, silent'; , G, soft;

of an_ abbot.

AB-BRE'VI-ATE, V. t. [-ED ING.]

[Lat. ab and breviare.] To bring with;

in less space.
Syn.
To abridge; contract; curtail;
compress condense.
Ab-bre'VI-A'TION, n. 1. Act of abbreviating. 2. The form to which
a word or phrase is reduced by contraction or omission; as, Gen. fot
Genesis.
Ab-bre'VI-A'TOR, n.
One who ab-

breviates.

Ab-bre'vi-a-to-ry(50),<z. Abbreviating ;_ shortening.

Ib'di-ATE,-u.

t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

abdicare.] To give up right or claim
to
to withdraw from (as an officef
with or without formal resignation.
v. i. To relinquish an office, right
trust, &c, with, or without resigning.
;

Syn.
sake

To relinquish; renounce;

for-

quit.

Xb'di-ca'tion,

Abandonment

n.

of a public office or of a right or trust,

with or without a formal surrender.
Causing, or imJ\B'Dl- A'TIVE a.
plying, abdication.
AB-DO'MEN, n. [Lat.] The belly, or
the upper part of the belly.
Ab-dom'i-NAL, a. Pertaining to the
abdomen.
[belly
pursy.
,

Having a big
Ab-dom'I-NOUS, a.
AB-DUCE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
abducere.] To draw away to draw
;

to a different part.
Ab-dUT', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
abductus.]
To take away by stealth
or by unlawful force.
Ab-dD'TION, n. A drawing or carrying away, especially of a person,
by fraud, or stealth, or force.

AB-D'5-e'TOR, n. 1. A person guilty

of abduction.
2. A muscle which
serves to draw a part out.

A'be-^E-da'ri-an,

n.

who

One

ERE, veil, tSrm; pique, fTrm s6n,

c, 5, hard; Ag EJIST 5} cw Ng this.
;

ABRUPT

ABED
teaches or who learns the a, b, c, or
letters of the alphabet.
A.BED',at/t'. In bed; on the bed.
A-BELE', or A'BEL-TREE, n. The
[or Syrian mallow.
_ white poplar.

A'BEL-MOSK, n. The musk-mallow,

Ab-ER'RANCE, n. [Lat. aberrans.]
Deviation from rectitude.
Ab'er-ra'tjon, n. 1. Deviation, especially from truth or mora*, rectitude, or from the natural state. 2.
Alienation of mind. 3. A small periodical change of position in a
star.

courage or eissist in a criminal act.

Syn. To aid support sustain

succor

help assist
promote.
;

favor

A-bet'ter,
A-bet'tor,

One who

n.

further

abets, aids,

or encourages

an

in-

Syn. Accomplice; accessary.

An
abettor incites to a crime an accomplice
takes part in it; an accessary is involved
giving
in it by
countenance or aid.
;

A-bey'anc;e,

n.

\f>.

Fr. baer, beer.]

1. A state of suspension or temporary

extinction, with the expectation of a
revival.
2. Expectation or contemplation of law.
Ab-hor', t\ t. [-red; -ring, 136.]

[Lat. abhorrere.] To
ror, detestation, or

To

Syn.
;

detest

regard with horextreme dislike.

loathe

great hatred.
testing.

A-BIDE',

2.

weaning of a

AB-LA'QUE-A'TION,

n. [Lat. ablaquelaying bare the roots of

atio.]
trees.

ahlativus.]
[Lat.
AJB'LA-TiVE, a.
applied
Taking away or removing
to the sixth case of Latin nouns.
n.
The sixth case of Latin nouns.
A-BLAZE', adv. 1. On fire in a blaze.
2. Highly excited.
A'ble (a'bl), a. [Lat. habilis.] Having ability or competency of any or

v.

i.

& vb. n. ablding.] [See

X- To continue in a place.
To continue firm or stable.
v. t.
1. To endure or bear without shrinking, or patiently. 2. To await firmly.
reside dwell
Syn. To sojourn
Bide.]

2.

tarry

remain

hold to

persist.

^\.-bIl'I-ty, n. [Lat. habilitas.] Power to act, whether bodily, moral, in-

tellectual, conventional, or legal

in the plural, intellectual capacity.
;

Syn. Force; might; potency; capafaculty; talent; skill; dexterity;

efficiency ; address.
As to mental powility;

the generic term; capacity

the power of easily gaining or retaining knowledge
talent is the power of
executing dexterity, skill, and address
relate to ease of execution.
ers, ability is
is

Xb'tn-tes'tate,

Inheriting the
estate of one dying without a will.
a.

Xb'JET,

a.
[Lat. abjectus.]
to a low condition
hence,
estimation.
;

Syn.

Mean

worthless

Sunk
low in

basr

grov-

Meanness of spirit

XbMET-ly

Meanly wretched-

adv.

Act of cleansing or washing.

Denial and renunciation.

a. [Lat. ab and norma.]
Contrary to rule irregular.
A-BOARD', adv. In a vessel on board.
;

On board

A-BODE', imp.
[From abide.]

&

of.

n.

State of being ab-

ject; baseness
oaseness.

p. p. of abide.

n.

State or place of resi-

dence.

y, long; *

**,

1,

Dwelling; continuance; hab-

domicile.

[its effect.

A-bor'tIve, a. Immature; failing in

A-bound', v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
abundare.] 1. To be in great plenty;
to be prevalent.
2. To be copiously
supplied.

A--BOVT',prep. [A.-S. abutan.] 1. All

over or around. 2. Through or over
in various directions.
3. Near, in
place, time, quantity, &c. 4. Ready
to; relating to.
adv.
1. On all
sides around.
2. Here and there.
3. Nearly.
4. In the opposite direc;

prep.
[A.-S. abufan.] 1. Higher in place than. 2.
Superior to in any respect.
adv.
Overhead higher before.
AB'RA-eA-DAB'RA, n. A combination
of
letters

abracadabra
abracadabf
a b r a c a n a b
abrac^da

without
sense, formerlv
used as
eny useu

a b r a c a d
I B K A C A

charm

A B R A O
A B R A
A B R

fe-

and ar-

vers,

ranged as in
the margin

A B

V. t.
[-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.
abolescere.] To do away with utterly
to put an end to ; hence, to make void.

Syn. To

overturn; destroy; nullify; abrogate; annul; repeal.

subvert;

Abolish, simvert, overturn, and destroy

express under different images the same
doing wholly away with.

idea, that of

We abrogate and annid by an

authorita-

tive act, as customs or a treaty, &c. ; we

repeal by a legislative act, as knvs;v?e
nullify when we set laws, &c, aside, without their being repealed.

A-bol'ish-a-ble,

Capable of be-

a.

ing abolished.

[ing.

A-boe'ish-ment, n. Act of abolishAB'o-lI'tion (-lish'un), n. A doing

away with finally and for ever
ap;

plied particularly to slavery.

Xb/o-lI'tion-Ism (-lish'un-), n. Prin_ ciples or measures of an abolitionist.

AB'o-li'tion-ist, n. One who favors
abolition, especially the abolition of
slavery.
A-eom'i-na-ble, a.
Odious in the
highest degree.

Syn.
Execrable detestable
some; hateful; shocking.
;

A-bom'i-na-bly, adv.

loath-

dense

duce

compress

A-BrIdg'ment,

2.

An

n.

1.

Strong aver-

cAre, far, Ask, all,

what

1.

re-

straint

compend

restriction

compendium

;
;

reepit-

i.-

points; a si/nopsis is a bird's-eye vit-w

of a subject or work in its several parts.

A-BROACH', adv.

Letting out liquor,

or in a condition to do so.
out of
1. At large
2. In foreign coun-

A-BROAD', adv.
any i'nclosure.

tries.

Ib'ro-gate,

v.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat

t.

To annul by an authori-

tative act.

detest; loathe; ab-

object of hatred.

lessen

ome; summary; abstract; synopsis. A

compendium or epitome is a condensed
abridgment an abstract or summary
a brief statement of a thing in its main

To

rescind

repeal
abolish
cance? annul.
;

revokej

Xb'ro-GA'TION,

Act of annulling

a.

or setting aside.

.Ai-RUPr',

a.

abrumpe.-e .]

craggy

A-bom'i-na'tion,

cutting off
diminution.
2. A

n.

contraction or
work abridged.
Syn.
Reduction

Syn.

curtail

diminish.

v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
abominare, abominari.]
To
turn from as ominous of evil; to
hate in the highest degree.

hate

[Lat.

abradere.] To rub or wear off.

AB-RA'glON, n. 1. A rubbing off. 2.
Substance worn off.
[line.
A-breast', adv. Side by side on a
A-brIdge', v. t. [-ed -ing.]
[Fr.
abrcger ]
1.
To bring within less
space.
to cut off.
2. To deprive
Syn. To contract; shorten
con-

abrogare.]

Detestably

A-b6m'i-nate,

Syn. To

hence, unmeaning babble.

Ab-rade', v. t. [-ED -ING.]
;

A-BOL'ISH,

5, 0, y. short;

n. pi. [Lat.] Theoriginal inhabitants of a country.

A-bor'tion, n.
[Lat. abortio.]
1.
An immature product of conception.
2. Any thing which fails to come to

Syn.

sion.

Xb'o-rig'I-nes,

against

hor.

A"b'jeT-ness,

fj,

Re-

2.

Ab-norm'al,

prep.

First, or primior original inhab-

a.

first

A-BOVE' (a-buV),

1.

ligious purification.
A'bly, adv. With ability or skill.
AB'NE-GA'TION, n. [Lat. abnegatio.]

basely.

6,

[Lat. ablutio.]

n.

tion.

[Lat.

Ab-JE'tion, n.

I,

every kind.
Strong
powerful
efficient
Syn.
effective; mighty; skillful; dexterous.

execrably.
;

eling; debased; despicable.

Ab-lu'tion,

n.

tive.

maturity.

of grafting.

a.
1. Abhorring; deContrary repugnant.
[imp. & p.p. abode

p. pr.

A, E,

[Lat. ab and
child.

n.

1.

A method

itation

Detestation;

n.

AB-hor'rent,

lac, milk.]
2.

abomi-

hate.

\b-h6r'rence,

ly

abjurare.]

Ab'lac-tA'tioim,

Ab'o-rIg'I-NAL,
itant.

[-ed -ing.] [Lat.

v. t.
To rericunce under oath,
or with great solemnity.

Ab-jure',

stigator.

stay

relating to, abjuration.

A-bet', v. t. [-ted; -ting, 136.]

[From the root of bait.] 1. To encourage or incite by aid or countenance
used chiefly in a bad sense. 2. To en-

nate

Ib'ju-RA'TION, n. Act of abjuring.

Ab-JU'ra-to-RY, a. Containing, or

notice

;
;

[Lat. abruptus, p. p. of
1. Broken, steep, and

precipitous.

sudden.

3.

Without
2.
Having sudden

transitions.
;

ere, veil, trm; pique, fIrm; s6n

;;

ACCEPT

ABRUPTION
Stx. Bold broken
unceremonious.
;

Ab-rDp'tion,

n.

unconnected

engrossment or occupation of
[absorb.
mind.
Ab-sorp'tIve, a. Having power to
Ab-stain', v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
tire

violent separa[ner.

tion of bodies.

Ab-rDpt'ly, adv. In an abrupt manSteepness; sudAB-RUPT'NESS, n

To

abstinere.]

treatment. 2. A corrupt practice

3. Rude or reproachful language.
A-bu'sive, a. 1. Marked by abuse.
2. Perverted; misapplied; improper.

Syn. Scurrilous;

forbear, or refrain,

insulting; reproach-

ful; opprobrious.

voluntarily.

A-bu'sive-ly, adv. In an abusive

manner.
*B'scess (149), n. [Lat. abscessus.] A
Sparing in diet
A-bu'sIve-ness, n. Ill usage.
collection of pus in an accidental
[ly.
nent^
cavity of the body.
Ab-ste'mi-oijs-ly, adv. Temperate- A-BUT',. i. [-ted; -ting, 136.] [Eft
aboutir.]
To terminate or border.
Ab-scis'sa, n. ; pi. Lat. AB-spis's^:, Ab-ste'MI-oDs-ness, n.
A sparing
A-but'ment, n. That on which *
Eng. AB-scis'sAg. [Lat. abscissus.]
use of food or strong drink.
thing abuts, or that which abuts on
(Geom.) One of the elements of Ab-strge'(14), v. t. [-ed;ing.]
[ary of land.
any thing solid.
reference by which a point, as of a
To make clean
[Lat. abstergere.]
A-but'tal, n. The butting or boundcurve, is referred to a system of fixed
by wiping.
rectilineal co-ordinate axes.
AB-STfiR'GENT,a. Serving to cleanse. A-BYSS', n. [Gr. ajSuo-o-o?.] A bot[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. AB'STI-NENCE, It.
tomless depth a gulf; hell.
AB-SCOND', I'.
[See ABSTAIN.]
A-eA'Cl-A (-ka'shi-), n. [Gr. aKaucCa.]
abscondere .] To secrete one's self, in
Act or practice of abstaining.
genus of leguminous trees and
A
order to avoid a legal process.

Abstinence is
Temperance.
Syx.
shrubs.
Ab-SOND'er, n. One who absconds.
shown in refraining, temperance in a
moderate and guarded use.
Belonging to
Xc'a-dem'ic,
a.
A.B'SENCE,. [Lat. absentia.] 1. A
an academy or
being absent. 2. Want destitution. AB'sti-nent, a. Refraining from in- AC'A-dem'ic-al, )
denness

great haste.

Ab-ste'mi-ous,

[Lat. abstemius.]
abstitemperate

a.

('.

dulgence

Heedlessness.

3.

temperate.

Ab-stract', v.

Ab'sent,

a. 1. Not present in a place.

Inattentive to what is passing.
-ING.] To take
v. t. [-ed
to such a distance as to prevent in-

other institution of learning.

Xe'A-DEM'l-e, n. 1. A Platonic philosopher. 2. A member of an academy or university.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

t.

1.
To draw from or
To consider by itself. 3.
4. To purloin.
epitomize
reduce.
To
or
Ac'a-de-mi'cian (-nush'an), n. A
w
AB'STRAT, a. 1. Distinct from somemember of an academy, or society
tercourse.
thing else. 2. Withdrawn from the
One who absents
Ab'sen-tee', n.
for promoting arts and sciences.
concrete separate hence, difficult
A-ad'e-MY, n. 1. The school of
himself from his country, office, post,
1. A summary, or
abstruse.
n.
philosophy of which Plato was the
or duty, and the like.
epitome. 2. State of separation from
Ae'sen-tee'i^m, n. State or habit
head.
2. A place of education of
other things.
high or of middle rank. 3. A sociof an absentee.
Ab'so-lute, a. [Lat. absolutus, p. p. Ab-stract'ed-ly, adv. By itself;
ety for the promotion of arts and
separately.
sciences.
of absolvere.] 1. Freed or loosed from AB'stract-ly,
J
1.
[Gr. a/cai/0o?.]
any limitation or condition 2. Fin- Ab-strac'tion, n. 1. Act of sepa- A-\N'THUS, n.
total.
3. Capable
rating, or state of being separated.
An ornament resembling the foliage
ished
perfect
3. An abstract or the2. Analysis.
2. A
or leave's of the acanthus.
of being conceived by itself alone.

abstr actus.]
separate. 2.

2.

Ab-sent',

Syx.

Unlimited

oretical notion. 4.

arbitrary; despot-

Ab-strXct'ive,

tyrannical; unconditional; positive;

peremptory; certain.

ic;

Ab'SO-lute-LY, adv.

Positively

AB-STRUSE'
n."

2.

A remission

n.

An

1.

[Lat. abstrusus.]

Literally,

acquittal.

of sin.

AB'so-LU / Tls.M\ n. Absolute government or its principles.

Ab-soi/u-to-ry, a. Absolving that
;

sound judgment.

absolves.

Ab-solv'A-to-ry,

a. Containing abhaving power to absolve.

Ab-solve', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.

solution

State of being

n.

(32), a.

hidden
thrust away
hence, hard to be understood.
Ab-struse'ly, adv. Not plainly.
Ab-struse'ness, n. State or quality
of being abstruse.
Ab-surd', a.
[Lat. absurdus.]
Opposed to manifest truth, reason, or

Completeness

arbitrary power.

.ab'so-lu'tion,

Absence of mind.
Having the pow[abstract.

A"b'strAT-ness,

ar-

bitrarily.

Xb'so-lute-ness,

a.

er of abstracting,

To set free or release

from some obligation, debt,

absolvere.]

from, as
or responsibility, &c.
Syx. To exonerate

plete

number

Ac-cede',-!;,
accedere.]

of syllables.
[-ed; -ing.]

[Lat.
to

i.

To agree or assent

become a party.

A-CEL'ER-ATE,

[-ED -ING.]
To quicken the
[Lat. accelerare.]
motion or action of; to hasten to
V.

t.

expedite.

Ac-CEI/er-a'tion,

Increase of

n.

motion or action.

Syn.
Foolish irrational; preposterous; ridiculous. Absurd is stronger than
foolish or irrational, but not so strong as
preposterous, which supposes a total inversion of the order of things.

prickly plant.

A-CAT'A-LEC'TIC, n. [Gr. aKara\n<A verse which has the comtos.]

Ab-sOrd'I-TY, n. 1. Quality of being

absurd. 2. That which is absurd.
acquit. We
Preposterously.
speak of a man as absolved from some- AB SURD'LY, adv.
Ab-sOrd'ness,
n.
Absurdity.
quilt
thins; that binds conscience, as
or
its consequences
exonerated from some A-bOn'dance, n. [Lat. abundantia.]
;

Ac-CEL/er-A-tive,
Ac-^EL'ER-A-TO-RY,

Accelerat-

a.

ing

quick-

ening motion.

Xe'CENT,

n.
[Lat. accentus.] 1.
superior force of voice on some particular syllable of a word. (See Prin.
mark in writof Pron. 110.) 2.
ing to regulate the pronunciation.

3.

peculiar

modulation

of the

an imputation or debt; acquitted

with reference to a trial and a decision

load, as

An overflowing fullness

great plenty.
Exuberance
plenteousness
Syx.
riches wealth
affluence.
We have a
plentu when we have enough*; but abundance is more than enough, it is an overflowing. Exuberance is still stronger, it
is a bursting forth.

thereon.

Ab-sorb',

[-ed; ING.]
[Lat.
absorbere.]
1. To drink in
to suck
up
to imbibe, as a sponge.
2.
Hence, to overwhelm
to engage
v.

t.

A-BUN'DANT,

wholly.

Ab-sorb'a-ble,

a.

Capable of being

tiful

Ab-s6rb'ent,

a.

Sucking up; im-

w. A substance or a bodiorgan which absorbs.

Ab-s6rp'tion (-sorp'shun),**. 1. Act

bibing.

a.

copious

Fully sufficient plenample.

[amply.
;

A-BUN'DANT-LY, adv.

absorbed.

ly

or process of being absorbed. 2.

Plentifully
A-BUSE', v. t. [-ed; -ING.]
[Lat.
abusus.] 1. To use ill; to misuse. 2.
To treat rudely to revile.
3. To

deceive.
;

En- A-buse',

"R.DO. WOLF, TOO, XOt>a V URN, RUE, PULL

n.

E,

1.

7,

Ill

use

O, silent

improper

voice.

To
[-ed; -ing.]
pronounce, utter, or mark with ac

Ac-cent',

v.

t.

[ciui,

cent.

Ac-cent'u-al, a. Relating to acAC-^ENT'U-ATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.J

To mark or pronounce with an accent.

Ac-CENT'U-A'TION,

Act of writn.
ing or of pronouncing accents.
A-<?Spt', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
acceptare.] 1. To receive with a consenting mind.
2.
To admit and
;

agree

to.

3.

and promise

9, G, soft; , G,,kard\

To receive as obligatory
to pay.

A; EXIST

OS

NG THIS
;

ACCUSATORY

ACCEPTABLE
AC-CEPT'A-BLE,

of being accepted
to

To furnish with something desired, Ac-COUNT'A-BlL'l-TY, n. Liability

to give account, and to suffer pun
needed, or convenient. 3. To recon-

Worthy

a.
;

or sure
hence, pleasing

a receiver.

cile.

Syn. Agreeable; welcome.

AC-CEPT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality
)

Ac-^ept'a-bil'i-ty,

being

Syn. To suit; adapt; conform; harmonize; compose; adjust; furnish.

of

ac-

Ac-COM'mo-dat'ING,

In an accept-

able manner.

AC-COM'NIO-DA'TION,

1. Act of
or state of being fitted. 2.
pi. Whatever supplies a want or affords ease, refreshment, or convenience. 3. Reconciliation.

ception.

1. Favorable ren.
2. (a.) An assent and ento pay a bill of exchange

when

due.
accepted1

The

(b.)

bill itself

n.

fitting,

&C-CEPT'ANCE,
gagement

accommoda-

or disposed to afford,
tion kind.

ceptable or agreeable.

Ac-CEPT'A-BLY, ado.

Affording,

a.

when Ac-COM'PA-NI-MENT,

ishment.

Ac-count'a-ble,

a.

and

called to account,

Ac-count'ant,
or

is

One who

n.

keeps,

skilled in, accounts.

A-COU'TER
Ac-cou'TRE

(160), V. I. [-ED ; -ING.]

[Fr. accoutrer.]
To

furnish with dress or equipments.

n. pi.
Dress

Ac-COU'ter-ments,

Something Ac-OU'TRE-MENTS,

n.

Liable to be
to suffer pun-

ishment or pay damages.

Syn. Amenable ; responsible.

equipage;
Ac'cep-ta'tion, n. 1.
A-CRED'IT, V. t. [-ED: -ING.] [Lat.
Ac-9pt'er, n. One who accepts.
principal thing.
accreditus.}
1. To receive, as an enAc-^ESS' or ACCESS, n. [Lat. acces- Ac-OM'pa-nIst, n. The performer
voy, in his public character. 2. To
1. Near apsus.
See Accede.]
in music who takes the accompanywith
send
credentials,
as an envoy.
proach, admittance. 2. Means or way
ing part.
Ac-CRE'TION, n. [Lat. accretio.] 1.
of approach. 3. Increase.
AC-COM'PA-NY, V. t. [-ED -ING,
increase
by
natural
An
growth. 2.
Ac-CES'sa-ry, a. 1. Additional; ac142.] [See Company.] To go with or
A growing together.
Meaning.
Acceptance.

[2.

that attends as a circumstance, or is

added by way of ornament to the

trappings.

in, or con2. Uniting

cessory.
n. One who
tributing to, a crime.
in some way becomes concerned in
a crime, eilner before or after the

attend as a companion or associate.

Ac-eoM'PLlCE,

An

n.

associate in a

crime.

AC-COM'PLISH, v.

t.

ACCRUE'

(32), v.

[-ED; -ING.]

i.

accrue, increase.]

[Fr.

To increase to be
profit, or damage
;

added, as increase,

[-ED; -ING.]

[Fr.

Syn. To spring up; follow; arise.

accomplir.] 1. To finish entirely in
Xc'CU-BA'TION, n. A reclining on 9Quality of
time. 2. To bring to pass.
[approach.
couch, as practiced by the ancient*
To execute; fulfill; effect; reSyn.
at their meals.
Ac-CES'si-ble, a. Easy of access or
alize.
Ac-cum'ben-cy, n. State of being
Ac-^ES'siON (-sesh'un), n. 1. Act of A-om'plishjed (-kiWplisht),
p. a.
accumbent.
acceding. 2. Increase by something
Complete and perfected.
added that which is added.
AC-COM'PLISH-MENT, n. 1. Act of Ac-cDm'bent, a. Reclining, as the
ancients did at their meals.
Syn.
Addition augmentation.
accomplishing. 2. Acquirement atAC-U'MU-LATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
XCCES-so'Rl-AL, a. Pertaining to an
tainment.
[Lat. accumulatus.]
To heap up to
accessory.
Ac-compt'ant (-kount'-), n. See
collect or bring together.
v. i. To
Ac-CES'so-RY, a. 1. Contributing;
Accountant.
increase greatly.
used in a bad sense. 2. Additional
Ac-cord', n. [From Lat. cor, cordis,
Ac-cu'MU-la'tion, n. Act of accuaccompanying.
n. 1. One guilty
heart.]
1. Concurrence of opinion,
mulating, state of being accumulatof a felonious offense, though not
will, or action
agreement. 2. Hared, or that which is accumulated.
present at its perpetration. 2. An
mony of sounds. v. t. [-ED -ING.]
accompaniment.
Syn. P'le; mass; heap.
1. To make to agree or correspond.
Xc'CI-dence, n. A book containing
Ac-cu'MU-LA-tIve,
a.
Causing ac2. To grant
to concede.
v. i. To
the rudiments of grammar.
cumulation accumulating.
be in accordance; to agree, [formity.
Ac'ci-dent, n. 1. A chance event; Ac-cord'ANCE; n. Agreement con- Ic'cu-ra-cy,
\n. State of becasualty contingency. 2. A property
Xc'cu-rate-ness,
ing accurate
Ac-cord'ant, a. Corresponding
or quality of a being which is not
exactness
correctness.
consonant; agreeing; agreeable.
essential to it.
Ac-ORD'ing-ly, arfv. In accordance Xe'CU-RATE, a. [Lat. accuratus.] In
Ac'CI-dent'AL, a. 1. Happening by
careful conformity to truth, or to a
with.
[wind-instrument.
chance. 2. Not necessarily belonging.
standard or rule.
Ac-cor'di-on, n.
A small keyed
Syn. Casual; fortuitous; contingent; Ac-cost'
Syn. Correct; precise; just; nice
[-ed; -jng.]
(21), v. t.
incidental.
A thing is accidental when
A man is accurate or correct when he
first
[Lat.
ad
and
costa.]
speak
to.
To
it comes without being planned or sought,
avoids faults exact when he attends to
Easy of access
as a meeting; it is incidental when it Ac-cost'a-ble, a.
all the minutia;, leaving nothing neglectcomes in as secondary or out of the genaffable.
ed precise when he does any thing aceral course, as a remark; it is casual or
cording to a certain rule or measure.
(ak'koosh'mong')
fortuitous as opposed to what is constant
n.
[Fr.]
Delivery
in
child-bed.
Ac'CU-RATE-LY,
adv. In an accurate
and regular, as an occurrence ; it is contingent as opposed to what is settled and Accoucheur
(ak'koosh'Qr'), n.
manner.
fixed, as an event.
[Fr.]
A man who assists women in AC-CURSE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To deAC'ei-DENT'AL-LYjacfo. By chance
childbirth a man-midwife.
vote to destruction to curse.
unexpectedly.
Ac-count', n. 1. A reckoning a Ac-URS'ED, p. p. or a. {part, proAc-claim^,
) n. A shout of ascomputation.
2.
nounced ak-kfirst', a. ak-kurs'ed).
A statement in
Ac'cla-ma'tion, J sent, or approgeneral. 3. Importance value ad1. Doomed to destruction or misery
bation,
[plause.
vantage. 4. Reason; consideration.
execrable.
2. Detestable
Ac-clam'a-to-ry, a. Expressing apn.
1. Act of accusXc'CU-gA'TION,
Syn. Narrative narration recital
description
detail. In giving an acAC-CLI'MATE, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
ing. 2. That of which one is accused.
count of a thing, if we make it a contin- Ac-U'sA-tIve, a.
habituate to a climate not native.
( Gram.) Applied
uous story, it is ^narrative or narration ;
AC'cli-ma'tion, n. Process of beto the case on which the action of a
if we dwell on minute particulars, it is a
n.
The
or
falls.
coming, or state of being, acclimated.
terminates
verb
recital or detail; if we picture a thing
out, it is a description.
Ac-clIv'1-ty, n. [Lafc. acclivitas.] A
fourth case of Greek and Latin nouns,
slope considered as ascending ; rising
-ING ] [Lat. ad and
corresponding to the objective in
v. t. [-ED
ground.
computare.] 1. To reckon. 2. To
English.
In relation
Ac-cli'VOUS, a. Rising with a slope.
hold in opinion to estimate.
v. i. Ac-cu'a-tIve-ly, adv
A-OM'MO-DATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
1. To render an account.
2. To
to the accusative case.
Pertaining to,
1. To render
constitute a reason.
3. To render Ac-CU'A-TO-RY, a.
[Lat. accommodate.]
2.
reasons or answer.
or containing, an accusation.
fit, suitable, or correspondent.
d^ed is committed.
Ac-CES'si-bil'i-ty, .
being approachable.

>

Accouchement

&, e,

I,

6,

v,Y,long; A, ,*, 6,u,Y, short; cAre, far, ask, all,

what; ere,

veil,

TlRM; pique, fIrm;

s6m,

ACTIONABLE

ACCUSE
A-USE',

V.

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat.

To charge with a

crime,

t.

accusare.]

A-ClD'U-LATE,l<.

make

Stn.

To arraign; censure;

We censure or

Slightly sour

impeach.

or discharge, especially from an obligation, accusation, suspicion, &c. 'Z.

Reflexively to bear or conduct ones

To

[-ED-, -ING.]

t.

slightly acid.

A-cLd'u-lous,

offense, or fault.

acidulw .]

[Lat.
sourish.

a.
;

self.

Syn. To clear; absolve.

AC-KNOWL/EDGEl-noFej),!-. t. [-ED
we arraign him for trial we
is wrong
-ING.] [From prefix a and knoivl- Ac-QUIT'TAL, n. Formal deliverance
impeach him for maladministration or
edge.] To own, avow, or admit to
from the charge of an offense.
impropriety.
recognize as a fact, truth, or benefit. Ac-QuIt'tance, n. Discharge from
A-f s/ER, n. One who accuses.
Stn. To concede confess allow
debt.
AC-e&S'TOM, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
recognize. We acknowledge what we A'CRE (a'ker, 160), n.
[A.-S. actr,
make familiar by use to habituate
feel bound to make known, as a fault or
zecer.] A piece of land containing 120
a favor; we concede and allow what is
_ or inure.
square rods or perches, or 4840 square
claimed or asked ; we recognize when at
ACE, h. [Lat. as.] 1. A single point
we confess what
[pungent.
first we were doubtful
yards.
on a card or die or the card or die
is wrong or may appear so.
Ac'RlD, a. Of a biting taste sharp
so marked. 2. A particle; an atom.
sharp,
harsh
qualAc'RlD-NESS,
n.
A
(-nol'-,
AC-KNOWL/EDG-MENT
137),
A-CEPH'A-LO&S, a.
[Gr. caceQakos.]
ity pungency.
n. 1. Act of acknowledging. 2. SomeWithout a head headless.
a.
Abounding
AVri-mo'ni-o'us,
1.
for
a
in
return
thing
given
or
done
A-CERB'I-TY,7i. [Lat. acerbitas.] 1.
with acrimony. 2. Sarcastic.
favor.
Sourness of taste, with bitterness and

man

accuse a

for

what

astringency.
2. Harshness, bitter[ing sour.
ness, or severity.

Ac'ME,

n. [Gr. <xkju.tj.] Height, top, or

w highest point, of a thing.
n. [Gr. oxoAovflos-] An
inferior church servj
ant.
Ac'o-nite, n. Wolf -s-bane, a poison.

A-CES'CENT,a. [Lat. acescens.] Turn- A-e'o-LYTE,

Ac 'E -TATE, n. A salt formed by Ic'o-Li'TH,
acetic acid united to a base.

Syn.

Sharp;

severe; bitter; caustic.

Ac'RT-MO-NY,

1. Quality of corn.
roding or dissolving. 2. Sharpness
or severity, as of language or temper.
Asperity; harshness; tartness.
Syn.
Acrimony springs from an embittered

A-CET'I, or A-CE'TI, a. [Lat. acespirit; tartness from an irritable temper;

tum, vinegar.] Composed, as a cer- A'-eoRN, n. [A.-S. secern.] The seed
asperity and harshness from disregard for
or fruit of ah oak.
tain acid, of four parts each of carthe feelings of others.
priv.
and
n.
[Gr.
A-cot'y-le'don,
a
bon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
A plant in which the Ac'RI-tude (53), n. [Lat. acritudo]
KOTv\r\htav.]
A-cet'i-fi-ca'tion, 71. Act of making sour

the operation of

An

seed-lobes are not present.

making

acrid quality.

Having l'RO-\T f l,a. [Gr. a/cpoa-riKos.] DeA-eoT'Y-LED'o-NC-us, a.

signed only to be heard oral.
either no seed-lobes, or such as are
A-CET'I-FY. V. t. or f. [-ED: -ING,
Xe'RO-BAT, n. [Gr. aicpos. and /3aiindistinct.
[Lat. acetum and factre.}
To
142.]
veiv.] One who practices high vault[Gr.
olkov(-kow'stik),
a.
A-cou'stic
turn into acid or vinegar.
[acrobat.
Pertaining to hearing, or w ing, rope-dancing, &c.
o-tikos.]
Ac'E-TlM'E-TER, n.
[Lat. acetum,
Xe'RO-BAT're,
a.
Belonging to an
sounds.
the
doctrine
of
to
An instrument for
and metrum.]
A-CRON'YC-AIi, a. [Gr. aitpovvKTOs .]
ascertaining the strength of vinegar A-eou'STies, n. sing. The science of
vinegar. _

sounds.

or other acids.

Ac'e-tim'e-try,

n.

Art of ascertain-

Ac-quaint',

v.

[-ed

t.

-ing.]

[0.

and

(Astron.) Rising at sunset

ting at sunrise, as a star.

set-

Upper or higher
To make familiar. A-grop'O-lis, n.
ing the strength of acids.
part of a Grecian city hence, the
2. To communicate notice to.
A-ce'tous, o. 1. Sour. 2. Causing
citadel
or
castle.

To apprise; to inform.
Syn.
w
acetification.
Familiar Xe'RO-SPlRE, ii. [Gr. aKpo? and o-7ri1.
ACHE (ak), v. i. [-ed -iffG, 140.] A-QUAINT'ANCE, n.
A sprout at the end of a seed.
pa.]
knowledge. 2. A person or persons
[A.-S. acan. Gr. axelv.] To have, or be
A-eROSS' (21), prep.
From side to
well known.
in, pain, or in continued pain.
n.
Fr. accointer.]

1.

side of; crosswise of.

adv. From
Continued pain.
[achieved.
Syn. Familiarity fellowship intiside to side crosswise.
macy. Intimacy is the result of close
A-CHIE v'a-ble a. Capable of being
A-R6s'TIG,
n.
[Gr. a.icpvo-Ti.x ov -] -Aand
hence
is the stronger
connection,
A-chieve', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Fr.
word; familiarity springs from frequent
composition, in which the first or
achever.] To carry on to a final close.
intercourse.
the last letter of every line, or of
Syn. To complete; accomplish; ful- ACQUl-ESCE', V. i. [-ED; -ING.]
every word, read collectively, form
fill: realize.
To
rest satisfied,
[Lat. acquiescere.]
a name or sentence.
A-chie ve'ment. n. 1. Act of achievor apparently satisfied.
Act, v. i. [-ed; -ing, 137.] [Lat.
ing accomplishment. 2. A great or
assent; consent;
Syk". To accede
actus.] 1. To exert power. 2. To be in
heroic deed.
;

Byu.

Feat;

deed: completion.
n.
One who accom-

A-chiev'er,

comply concur.
A-c'QUI-es'cence,
;i

n.

silent assent

or submission.

plishes a purpose.

AcH'RO-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. dxpc6ju.a.Tos.] Xe'QUi-ES'CENT,^ Submitting; dis[acquired.

posed to submit.
Not showing color, from the decomAc-QuIr'a-BLE. a. Capable of being
position of light.
-ing.]
t.
[-ED
[Lat.
AC-QUIRE',
v.
Ach'ro-ma-tic'I-ty, n.
State of
acqw'rere.] To gain, usually by one's
A-HRO'MA-tim,
beiug achJ
;

own labor or exertions.

Syn. To attain obtain

romatic.

A-CIC'U-LAR, a. Slender, like a needle.

Ac'ID, a. Sour, sharp, or biting to the

n.

sour substance.
A-CiD'l-Fl'A-BLE,a. Capable of being
taste

tart.

acidified.

A-cHv i-fi-ca'tion, n. Act

[ing.
of acidifi-

earn; win; secure;

n.

Ac-QUjRE'MENT,
ACQUI-si'tion
of acquiring.

(-zish'un), n.
2.

To make or become acid.

Ac-Quts'i-TIVE,
Ac'I-DIM'e-TER, n. An instrument
acquisitions.
A-CID'i-ty,
Ac'ID-ness,

n.

Quality of being acid

sharpness

or sour

v.

acquitter.]

took Urn, RUE,

;

Disposed to

P'jLL,

E,

t.

1.
i,

Act

make

State

quality of being acquisitive.

Ac-quit',

1.

The thing acquired.

a.

A-QUI2'i-tive-ness, n.

sourness.

or, do, wqlf, TOO,

or that which is acquired.

Syn. Attainment: gain; acquisition.

A-cid'I-fy, v.t.ori. [-ED; -ING,142.]

for ascertaining the strength of acids.

procure

Act of acquiring,

action or motion.
3. To behave
or conduct.
v. t.
1. To perform,
especially on the stage. 2. Hence, to
feign or counterfeit.
3- To assume
the office or character of.
11.
1.
That which is done or doing; performance deed. 2. A decree, edict,
law, judgment, or award. 3. One of
the principal divisions of a play. 4.
A state of reality or real existence.
5. A state of preparation.
X'tin-im, n. A property in the solar rays which produces chemical
changes, as in photography.
Action, n. 1. Exertion of power;
or the effect of power exerted agency. 2. An act or thing done
a deed
hence, conduct behavior. 3. A legal suit or process. 4. An engagement, between troops.

or

[-ted; -ting.] [Fr. Ac'tion-a-ble

To set free; to release
or an action at

o, silent

Admitting a

a.

c G,so//; ,G,hard; Ag; ejcist; N as

t

suit,

law.

ng this
;

;;

ADJURATION

ACTIVE
Having the power or A-dapt'A-bIl'i-TY.
quality of acting. 2. Constantly en- A-dapt'a ble-ness,

Act'Ive,
gaged

1.

hence, energetic
busy. 3. Practical; operative; producing real effects. 4. Expressing
the passing of an action from an
agent to an object, as certain verbs
do; transitive.
Syn. Brisk alert agile nimble
sprightly prompt.
Act'ive-ly, adv. In an active manner nimbly.
Act'ive-ness, ( n. Quality of being
in action

A-Tiv'l-TY,
ness

active

One who

n.

acts

or fitting
fitness.

the state of being adapted

truly.

to another.

Syn. To subjoin; to annex. We

add numbers, &c. we subjoin, an afterthought; we annex some adjunct, as ter;

ritory.

Penetration of mind

nice discrimination.

ous serpent

Ad-dIgt',

v.

addictus.]

accustom

a viper.
f-ED -ING.] [Lat.
To apply habitually to
;

t.

Having a long,

tapering point.
n.
A sharpening
termination in a sharp point.
11. Introduction of
needles into the living tissues for
remedial purposes.
A-UTE',a. 1. Sharp at the end pointed. 2. Penetrating shrewd. 3. Sus-

A-OU'MI-NA'TION,

slight impressions.

4.

Ilig-h, or shrill, in respect to some

other sound. 5. Coming speedily to a

Ad'dle,
rupt

Putrid corhence, unfruitful or barren, as

a.

Syn. Penetrating; piercing; pointed;

shrewd: subtle.

shrewdly

[A.-S. adl.]

Quality

of

a.

keenly.

commen-

dation to the care of God.

Ad'I-po-CERE',
cera.]

n.
[Lat. adeps and
unctuous, waxy sub-

soft,

stance, into which the fat and muscular fiber of dead bodies are changed
by long immersion in water or spirit.

Ad'I-POSE',

[Lat. adeps, fat.] Fat;

a.

fatty.

Ad'it, n.

[Lat. aditus.]

1.

hori-

zontal or

inclined entrance into a

mine.

Passage

2.

Ad-ja'^en-c Y,

n.

jacent,

access.

State of being ad[actually touching

Ad'je?-tive, n. [Lat. adjectivum.]

A word used with a noun or substantive, to describe, specify, limit,

or de-

it, or to denote some property

it.
[-ed; -ing,] [Lat.
In the mandirectus.] 1. To direct words or dis- Ad'JE-tIve-ly, adv.
ner of an adjective.
course to. 2. To direct in writing,
Ad-join', v. i. [-ed -ing.] To be
as a letter.
3. To court; to woo.
contiguous or next to be in contact
4. To consign to the care of another.

v.

of

t.

n.

1.

A formal application,

speech,

discourse, petition, &c. 2. Manner

of speaking to another. 3. pi. Atention in the way of courtship. 4.
Skill
dexterity.
5. Direction or
superscription of a letter.
;

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. adducere.] To present or offer
to bring forward by way of proof.
Syn. To allege; cite; quote
ad(30),

v.

t.

vance; introduce.

Ad'age,ti. [Lat. adagitnri .] An old

saying, which has obtained credit by
long use.
Syn. Maxim
axiom; saw.

sive manner.
n.
sticking, or adhering.

Ad-he 'si ve-ness,

fine

brains.

Ad-duce'

crisis.

A-UTE'ly, adv. Sharply

of

Ad-ja'cent, a. Lying near, but not

Ad-dPtion-al (-dlsh'un-), a. Added. Ad'je-tj'val, or Ad'jec-tIv-al,
a. Pertaining to an adjective.
Ad-dPtion-al-ly, adv. By way of

Ad-dress',

l'U-pf;NT'URE,

ceptible of

n.
Act or state
sticking, or being attached.

Ad-he'sive, . Sticky; tenacious.

Ad-he 'si ve-ly, adv. In an adhe-

to habituate.
Syn. To devote; to dedicate to. Artdiet is commonly used in a bad sense,
the other two in a good one; addicted to
vice; devoted to literature; dedicated to
;

addition.

Syn. Acuteness: astuteness; shrewdness; perspicuity; discernment.

a.

to,

Ad-hor'ta-to-ry,
A D-DEN'DA.
counsel

sharp points.

A-U'mi-nate,

sticking.
n. One who adheres.
Syn. Partisan follower; supporter;
advocate.

Ad-he'sion,

United with or

t.

Xct'u-a-ry, n.
1. A
registrar or
religion.
clerk.
2. Manager of a joint-stock
Ad-di'T'ed-ness, n. Devotedness.
company.
AT'U-ATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To Ad-di'tion (-dlsh'un), n. 1. Act of
inadding. 2. Any thing added
put into action to incite to action.
crease. 3. A branch of arithmetic.
Syn. To move; impel; instigate; induce; rouse; animate.
4. A title annexed to a man's name.
A-U'LE-ATE,a. Having prickles, or
Syn. Accession; augmentation.

A-cu'men,

Quality ov
state of adhering.

(89), w.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. addere.]

To join or unite, as one thing or sum

ADD,i'.

female who acts or

1. Existing in act; re2. Existing at
ally acted or acting.
the present time.
Act'u-al-ly, adv. In act or fact;
really

Quality of

Containing
Ad-den'bum, n. pi.
or warning.
A thing to be added.
[Lat.]
A-DIEU' (a-diP, 30), adv. Good-by
one who
Ad'der, n. [A.-S. setter.] A venomfarewell. n. A farewell;
[plays.

n.
a.

Ad-her'ence
beingadapt- Ad her'en-cy
[adapted. Ad-her'ent. a.

A-dapt'a-ble, a. Capable of being

Ad'AP-ta'tion, n. Act of adapting,

plays on the stage.

Act'ress,
Act'u-al,

able: suitableness.

nimble-

agility.

AT'OR,

or very near.

v.t.

To join

or unite

to.

Ad-journ',

[-ed -ing.]
[Fr.
adjourner.]
To put off to another
time.
v.t.
To suspend business
for a time to close the session of a
public body.
v.

t.

Syn. To

postpone
defer
delay
prorogue. A court, legislature, or meeting is adjourned ; parliament is prorogued at the end of a session; we delay
or defer a thing to a future time
we
postpone it when we make it give way to
;

AD-DfJ'OENT, a. Briuging forward.

Ad-DU'ci-BLE, a. Capable of being
adduced.

[ward.

something

else.

Ad-journ'ment,

n.

1.

Act of ad-

journing.
2. The interval during
Ad-DU'TION, n. Act of bringing forwhich a public body defers bus-iness.
Ad-duc'tive, a. Bringing forward.
A-Va'gio (-jo), a. [It.] (Mus.) Mov- Ad'e-n5l'0-GY. n. [Gr. ah-qv and Ad-judge', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
ing slowlv, leisurely, and gracefully.
adjvdieare.]
1. To award or decree
Aoyo?.]
The doctrine of the glands,
Ad'a-mant, n.
[Gr. aS6.fj.as.]
A
2. To
their nature, and their uses.
judicially or by authority.
stone imagined to be of impenetrable A-DEPT',. One well skilled in any art.
sentence.
hardness;
a name given to the
[-ed; -ing.]
Ad-ju'di-cate, v. t.
a.
Well skilled
[Lat. adeptus.]
diamond and other very hard subskillful.
To try and determine, as a court.
stances,
[mant. Ad'e-qua-cy, n. State or quality of Ad-ju'di-ca'tion, n. Judicial senAD'a-man-te'an. a. Hard as adabeing adequate.
tence, judgment, or decision.
Ad'a-mant'Ine, a. Made of, or hav- Ad'e-quate, a. [Lat. adxquatus.] Ad'jungt, n. Something joined to
;

proverb

aphorism

ing the qualities

of,

AD'am's-ap'ple,

n.

adamant.

The

Equal, proportionate, or correspond-

projection

formed by the thyroid cartilage

in

the neck.

A-dapt',

v.

adaptare.]

Syn. To

t.

suit;

apply; attune.
A, E,

I,

[-ed;

To make

-ing.]
[Lat.
or suitable.

fit

accommodate; adjust;

another thing, but not an essential

a Added
ent fully sufficient.
[fitly.
part of it an appendage.
AD'E -QUATE-LY, adv. In proportion
or united.
Ad'e-quate-ness, n.
Adequacy; AD-JUNCT'IVE. a. Having the quality
One who, or that
sufficiency.
n.
oi joining.
Ad-heke', v. i. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
wh;eh, is joined.
1. Act of adjuradhasrere.] 1. To stick fast or cleave. Ad/JUtwA'tion, n.
2. The form of oath.
2. To hold, be attached, or devoted.
ing.

0,fj,Y, long; X, ,I, 6,U, Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

ADVANCEMENT

ADJURE

Down toward th
[-ed
[Lat. Ad-m1t', v. t. [-ted; -ting.] [Lat. A-DOWN', prep.
Ad-JURE', v.
ground.
adv. Downward.
To charge, command, or
admittere, concession in argument.]
adjurare.]
a.
or
adv.
Floating at ranA-drift',
To
reentrance
to.
2.
solemnly
and
earnestly,
as
if
1.
grant
To
entreat
dom at large.
ceive as true. 3. To be capable of.
under oath.
droit,
d
to the right.]
A-DROIT',a.
[Fr.

t.
[
-ED;
-ING.]
[Ir.
permit
Lat.
Ad-jBst', v.
Syn.
To concede grant
allow. Admit has the widest sense.
Possessing or exercising skill or dex1.
adjusiare.]
To make exact or
We
concede
what
is claimed
grant
or
terity.
2.
To
reduce
to
orconformable.
t.

-ING.]

To set right.
Syn. To fit adapt

der.

Ad-jGst'a-ble,

yield ;

suit

regulate.

a.

Capable of being

n.

Act of adjusting;

adjusted.

Ad-jOst'ment,
arrangement
ment,

disposition

settle-

[tant.

Ad'ju-TAN-cy, n.
AD'JU-TANT, n. An

anadju-

Office of

who

officer

assists

the superior officers in the execution

of orders, conducting correspondence, placing guards, &c.

Xd'JU-VANT,

Helping; assisting.
Ad-MEAS'ure (-mezh'ur), v. t. [-ED;
-ING.] To take the dimensions, size,
or capacity

allow what we suffer to take place or

we permit what we consent to.
Ad-mIt'tance, n. 1. Act of admitting.
2. Permission to enter.

we

3.

a.

Ad-mix',
thing

v.
else.

t.

Ad-mix'tion

Ad-mEas/ure-ment,

n.

1.

process of admeasuring.
sions ascertained.

2.

Act or
Dimen-

n.

97),

2.

mixed.

is

Ad-mon'ish,i\

Taken
adsciscere.]
AD'u-LA'TION, n.

[Lat.

a.

as supplemental.
[Lat. adulatio.\

w Servile flattery sycophancy.

servile flatterer
n.
;

[-ed

-ing.] [Lat.
reprove gently. 2.

t.

Ad'u-la'tor,

admonere.] 1. To
To counsel against wrong practices.

w a sycophant.

[cess.

AB'u-LA'TO-KY, a. Flattering to exA-DULT', a. [Lat. adultus.] Having

to inform.
3. To iustruct or direct
n. A perarrived at mature years.
Syn. To reprove; caution: rebuke;
son or thing grown to maturity.
reprimand warn advise. We advise
as to future conduct; we warn of danger A-dul'ter-ant, n. A person or thing
or by way of threat; we admonish with a
that adulterates.
view to one's improvement; we reprove, A-DUL'TER-ATE, V. t. [-ED
ING.}
reprimand, and rebuke by way of punTo debase or cor[Lat. adulterare
ishment.
materials.
admixture
baser
rupt
by
of
Ad-mon'ish-er, n. A reprover.
AD'MO-NI'TION (-nlsh'un), n. Gentle A-Difl/TER-ATE, a. Debased; cor-

of.

ness of body or mind.

A-DRY', a. Thirsty.
(-tish'us),
Ad'sci-ti'tious
union by mixing

(-mTkst'yun,

[Lat. admixHo.]
different substances together.
Ad-mixt'ure, n. 1.
mixing.

What

Syn. Skillful ; expert; clever; dexterous; ingenious.

A-droit'ly, adv. Ingeniously.

Dexterity readiTo mingle with some- A-droit'ness, n.

[ment.

.~\

Ad-Men'su-ra'tion, n. Admeasure-ING.]
AD-MIN'IS-TER, V. t. [-ED
1. To manage, as public affairs. 2.
rupted contaminated.
or friendlv reproof or counsel.
To dispense, as justice. 3. To give,
AD-MON'I-TIVE, )a. Containing ad- A-dul/ter-a'tion, n. Act of adulas an oath. 4. To settle, as an estate.
terating, or state of being adulterAd-m5n'I-to-ry, j
monition
ad2. To
1. To contribute.
v. i.
[adultery.
ated,
monishing.
perform the office of administrator.
A man guilty of
A-dul'ter-er,
n.
[Lat. adnascens.]
Pertaining Ad-nas'cent, a.
Ad-min'IS-te'ri-al, a.
A-dul'^'ER-ess, n. A woman who
Gmwing
to or on something else.
to administration.
commits adultery.
Ad-min'is-tra-ble, a. Capable of A-DO'(23), n. [Prefix a, for to, and A-dul'ter-Ine, or A-dul'ter-ine,
do'.]
Trouble labor difficulty.
:

being administered.

n.
a.
Proceeding from adultery.
(a-do'ba), n.
An un[Sp.]
A child born in adultery.
Executive part w burnt brick dried in the sun.
2.
administering.
A-dul'ter-oOs,
a. Pertaining to, or
Ad'o-les'cence, n. Youth.
of the goveimrnent. 3. Management
guilty of, adultery.
AD'o-les'(;ent, a. [Lat. adolescens.]
of an estate of a deceased person.
1. A violation of
Advancing from childhood to man- A-DUL'TER-Y, n.
Ad-mInMs-tra'tive, a. Administer-

AD-MI.VIS-TRA'TION,

n.

Act of

1.

hood.

ing.

Ad-MIN'is-TRA'TOR.

n.

Ono to whom A-dopt',

the right of administration has been

committed by competent authority.

Ad-mix'is-tra'tor-ship,

n.

Office

of administrator.

AD-MIN'is-TRA'TRIX,

who

A woman

n.

administers.

Ad'mi-ra-ble,
Syn.

[ration.

Worthy

a.

Wonderful

rare

of admiexcellent.

ad'mj-ra-bly, adv.
_ ble

Adobe

manner.

AD'MI-RAL,

A naval

n.

highest rank.
Ad'mi-ral-ty (112), n. The body of
officers appointed for the management of naval affairs.

To

when not

A-DOP'TION,

n.

-ing.]

select

n.

1.

[Lat.

A-DOR'A-BLE,
tion.

a.

2.

Worthy

to a divine being.

tion, reverence, or affection.

2. To
estimate or prize highly.
Ad-mir'er, n. One who admires.
Ad-mIs'si-bil'i-TY, n. Quality of be-

of adora[being adorable.
Quality of
n.
With adoration.
1. Worship paid

2.

Homage

to

one

decorate.
embellish
set off;
beautify ornament.
decorate and
ornament for the sake of show we embellish and adorn to heighten beauty.
;

a. Capable or worthy
of being admitted.
Ad-m'is'sion (-misb/un), n. 1. Act of
admitting. 2. Leave to enter access.

Ad-mTs'si-ble,

fjRN,

We

A-DORN'MENT,

ing admissible.

wolf, TOO, TOOK;

highest degree.

A-d5r'er, n. A worshiper a lover.

A-DORN', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
adornare.]
To render beautiful to

Syn. To deck

Embellishment.
Ad-6s'U-la'tion, 77. 1. Impregnation of plants by the falling of the
2. A species of
farina on the pistil.
n.

ingrafting.

RUE, PULL

E,

J,

[shadow.

Ad-um'brant, a.
Giving a faint
The Ad-um'brate, v. t. [-ed;-ing.]
[Lat. adumbrare.] To shadow faintly
new

Adopted.

1.

a.

State of being an

n.

adult.

so before.

Act of adopting,

or state of being adopted.

2.
receiving as one's own what is
[Adopting.
or not natural.

A-dopt I ve,

the marriage-bed. 2. (Script.) Violation of one's religious covenant.

and take as A-dDlt'ness,

inhigh esteem.
A-DORE', v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
adorare.]
1. To worship with proWonder mingled
found reverence. 2. To love in the

with pleasing emotions, as approbation, esteem, or love.

Ad-mire', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
admirari.] 1. To regard with wonder
or surprise, mingled with approba-

OR, do,

[-ED

t.

In an admira- A-DOR'A-BLE-NESS,
A-floa'A-BLY, adv.
[Ar. amir-al-bahr.~\ AD'O-RA'TION, n.

officer of the

Ad'MI-ra'TION,

v.

adoptare.]
one's own

O, silent

C, G, soft;

forth

to_ typify.

AjyuM-BRA'TION,
owing

forth. 2.
A-DtJN'ci-TY, n.

n.

1.

Act of shad-

A faint resemblance.
aduncitas.]

[Lat.

Hooke'dness.

A-dust',

a. [Lat.

or scorched.
or scorched.

Ad-vance'

2.

adust us.]

1.

Looking as
[-ed

if

Burnt
burnt

-ing.]
[0. Fr. advancer.] 1. To bring forward. 2. To raise to a higher rank.
3. To accelerate the growth or progress of. 4. To offer or propose. 5. To
supply beforehand.
v. i.
1. To
move or go forward. 2. To improve.
3. To rise in rank, office, or conse(6), v.

t.

quence.
n. 1. A moving forward
approach.
2. Improvement or progression of any kind. 3. Additional
price or profit. 4. A tender an offer
a furnishing of somethiug before an
equivalent is received toward a capital or stock, or on loan.
a. Before
in place, or beforehand in time.
Ad-vance'ment, n. 1. Act of advancing or state of being advanced ;

,u,hard; Aj E^IST

as

NG; THIS-

; ;

ADVANTAGE
progression

improvement

AFFECTING

8
promo- Ad-vrt'ence,

n. Attention

con-

A'ER-I-fy, v. t. [Lat. a'er and facere\

To change into an aeriform state.
A'er-og'ra-phy, n. [Gr. kr\p and

sideration.
Ad-vrt'en-CY,
Ad-vErt'ent, a. Attentive heedful.
AD- Ad'ver-tise' (162), v. t. or i. [-ed
_ ypd<f>eiv.] A description of the air.
-ING.] [Lat. advertere.] 1. To inform A'ER-O-LITE, n. [Gr. arip and Ai'0os.]
VANCE ] 1. Any state, opportuniTo make known
2.
or apprise.
A stone falling from the air a metety, or means particularly favorable
tion.

Payment of money

2.

in ad-

vance

Ad-van'tage

[See

n.

(6),

to some desired end. 2. Superiority

-ING .]
gain.
benefit
v. t. [-ED
To benefit to promote.
Xd'VAN-TA/GEOUS (-taVjUS, 140), a.
Being of advantage; furnishing adbeneprofitable
useful
vantage

through the

press.

oric stone.

Ad'ver- A/ER-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. arip and

Ad-vr'tis_e-ment, or
TigE'MENT, n. 1. Information. 2.
That science which treats
Aoyo?.]
notice
through
the
press.
Public
of the air and its phenomena.
AD'VER-Tis/ER, n. One who adver- A'er-om'e-ter, n.
[Gr. arjp and

tises.
1. An opinion offered
n.
as worthy to be followed counsel
suggestion. 2. Information as to the
intellistate of an affair or affairs
gence.
Ad-vis/a-ble a. Fit to be advised
or to be done expedient.
Ad-vis/a-ble-ness, n. Fitness to be
done propriety expediency.
Ad-vie'(162),'!'. t. [-ed;-ing.] [See
Advice.] 1. To give advice to. 2. To
apprise to inform.
v. i. To deliberate i to consider,
[edge; purposely.

Ad- VICE',

ficial.

Xd'van-ta'geoOs-ly, adv.

In an

[ableness.
advantageous manner.
ProfitJ(D'VAN-TA'G-EOtJS-NESS,n.
Xd'VENT, n. 1. A coming; specifically, the first or the second coming

of Christ.

2.

season of devotion

including four Sundays before Christmas.

Ad'ven-ti'tious
extrinsically

(-tTsh'us), a.

accidental

Added

casual.

Xd'ven-ti'tious-ly (-tish'us-), adv.

In an adventitious manner.

p-erpov.]
An instrument for measur_ ing the density of air and gases.
n.
Art or science of
_ ascertaining the mean bulk of gases.

A'er-om'e-try,
A'er-o-naut',
_ vavTTjs

An

and

n.
[Gr.
arip
aerial navigator.

A'er-o-naut'ic,

Pertaining to

a.

aeronautics.

A'er-o-naut'ics,

The

sing.

ti.

sci-

ence or art of sailing in the air by

_ means of a balloon.

A'ER-O-PHYTE',

n.

[Gr.

A plant deriving
<I>vt6v.]
_ from the air alone.

and

arip

support

its

adventu- Ad-vis/ed-ly. adv. With full knowl- A'ER-0-STAT/,. [Gr. cbjp and oraTo?.]
1. Counsel.
2.
A machine or vessel sustaining
chance. 2. Ad-vie'ment, n.
Consultation; deliberation.
An enterprise of hazard. 3. A rean air balloon.
_ weights in the air
markable occurrence or event. 4. A Ad-vis/er, n. One who gives advice. A'ER-o-StXt'IC, a.
Pertaining to
aerostatics or aerostation.
thing sent to sea at the risk of the Ad-VI'S_0-RY, a. 1. Having power to
advise. 2. Containing advice.
person sending it.
[-ED;
A'ER-o-stat'ics, n. sing. The sciv. t.
A pleading for or
-ING.] 1. To put at hazard to risk. Ad'vcCA-CY, n.
ence that treats of the equilibrium
supporting vindication defense.
2. To run the risk of attempting.
of elastic fluids, or that of bodies suswho pleads any _ tained inthem.
Ad'VO-CATE,ti.
One
v. i.
To try the chances to dare.
[tion.
cause, especially the cause of another A'er-os-ta'TION, n. Aerial navigaAd-vent'ur-er, n. One who adbefore some tribunal.
iE-Ry'Gi-Notis, a. [Lat. aeruginosas.]
ventures one who relies fo_- success
Xd'vo-cate, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
on his boldness or good fortune.
Pertaining to copper-rust.
advocare.]
Ad-vent'ure-s6me, a. Incurring
To plead in favor of to JEs-thet'ic, a. Pertaining to res-

Ad-VENT'URE,
ra.]

[L. Lat.

n.

Hazard

1.

risk

hazard

courageous

a.

enterprising.

Daring

1.

of hazard.

Full
[daringly.
2.

Ad-vent'ur-ous-ly, adv.

Ad'VERB

Boldly

[Lat. adverbium.]
to modify the sense of a
verb, participle, adjective, or other

(14), n.

word used

adverb.

ing or pleading.

Syn.

my,

Opponent antagonist; ene Unfriendly feelings mark the

;

&c.

enemy ; habitual

hostility the

adversary ;

active hostility the foe. Opponents, are

who are pitted against each other;
antagonists, those who struggle in the
contest with all their might.

those

a. Adverse
Id'vErse

opposed

antagonistic.

[Lat. adversus.] 1.
Acting in a contrary direction. 2.
Contrary to the wishes, or to sup(14), a.

posed good;
calamitous.

hence,

unfortunate;
[unfortunately.

Ad'verse-ly, adv. With opposition

Xd'vrse-ness, n. Opposition un;

prosperousness.
n. An event or series
of events attended with severe trials
or misfortunes.
Syn.
Calamity; affliction; distress;

misery.

AD-vrt'

(14),

[Lat. advertere.]

Syn.
k, E,

I,

To

v.

i.

[-ED

-ING.]

To turn the mind

attend; regard; observe.

0,U, ,long; X,E,I, 6,tj,

[Gr.

a\<r-

0Trn./c6s.] The theory

or philosophy of taste the science
of the beautiful in nature and art.
A-far', adv. At a great distance reI

Xd'VOW-EE', n. [Fr. advoue, avouc.]

One who has the right of presenting

mote.
(Eng. Law.) The aVfa-bil'i-ty, n. Quality of being
affable; ease of access.
right of presenting or nominating to
Syn. Courtesy; complaisance; urw a vacant benefice.
banity; civility.
to

a benefice.

Ad-vow'jon,

^'DiLE,n.

n.

^\

[Lat.

An of-

xdilis.]

in ancient
Rome who had the care of the public
buildings, streets, &c.
ficer

.Sl'GIS,

[Gr.

n.

oiytg.]

shield

hence, any thing that protects.

Harp.

yE-6'li-an

stretched strings,

box with
on which the wind

produces musical notes.

A'ER-ATE, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [See
Air.] 1. To combine with carbonic
acid.
2. To supply with common
air.

3.

To

A-E'RI-AL,

Ad-vr'si-ty,

thetics.
n. sing.

Syn. To defend; support; vindicate. ^S-THET'ICS,

Id/vo-ca'tion, n. Act of advocat- Es-THET'ICS,

Ad-verb'i-al, a. Relating to or like

an adverb.
[of an adverb. ADZ,
In. A carAD-VERB'I-AL-LY, adv. In manner Adze, J penter's
Ad'VER-SA-ry, n. [Lat. adversarius.]
tool
for chipOne who is hostile or opposed.
ping.

Es-thEt'ic,

maintain by argument.

bold.

Ad-vent'ur-ous,

air.

2.

arterialize.

a.

High

1.
;

Of or pertaining to,
lofty.
3. Growing,

or existing in the air.

Ae'RIE (e'rv or a'ry), n. [L. Lat.
acria.]
The nest of an eagle, or
other bird of prey.
[ing.
A'ER-i-fi-ca'tion, n. Act of aerifyA'er-i-f6rm, a. Having the form of
air, as gas.

short;

AF'fa-ble,
to converse

a. [Lat. affabilis.]
easy of access.

Ready

Syn. Courteous

civil

complais-

ant; condescending; accessible.

Af'fa-bly, adv. In an affable manner.

AF-FAIR' (4), n. [Lat. ad and facere.]
2. An en1. Business of any kind.
gagement of troops, usually partial
or of minor importance.
Af-fect', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
to pro1. To act upon
affectare.]
duce a change in. 2. To influence,
To aim
or
passions.
3.
feelings
as the
at to desire. 4. To tend to. 5. To
put on a pretense of.
subdue?
melt
Syn. To concern
;

assume.

Af'fec-ta'tion, n. Assumption of
what is not natural or real artificial
;

appearance

false pretense.

Pretending to
Af-fect'ed, p. a.
possess what is not natural or real.
1.

2. Assumed artificially.
Af-fect'ed-ly, adv. In an

manner.
AF-FEfcT'iNG, p.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TRM

a.

affected

Having power, or

PIQUE, FIRM; SOW

;;

AGE

AFFECTINGLY
move the

tending, to
thetic,

affections ; pa[ing manner.

A-FO"OT', adv. 1. On foot. 2. In ac

1. To add at the close or end.
]
tiqn in a condition for action.
To attach, unite, or connect. 3. To

Jigere
2.

A-FORE', adv. or prep. Before.

any manner.
Xf'FIX, n
A syllable or letter joined A-FORE'SAID (-sed), adv. Spoken of
[old.
or named before.
quality, or property, inseparable from
to the end of a word ; a suffix a
2. A state of the mind
A-FORE'TIME, adv. In time past of
its subject.
postfix.
,
in which it is bent toward a particu- Af-fl A'TION, n. A blowing or breath- A-FOUL.', a. or adv. Not free entanzealous or tengled.
lar object. 3. Love
ing on.
AF-FEIT', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. A-FRAID', a. [p. p. of affray (obs.),to
der attachment. 4. Disease.
Af-FE'tion-ate, a. 1. Having affrighten.] Struck with fear.
afflictare.] 1. To strike down. 2. To
fection. 2. Proceeding from affection.
give continued pain
to cause to sufSyn. Fearful apprehensive; timid;
In an

A.F-FET'ING-LY, adv.

AF-FE'tion,

n.

1.

An

affect-

fix or fasten in

attribute,

Stic.

Loving

tender; fond; de-

voted; warm-nearted.

Af-FE'TION-ate-ly, adv. With

fection

Af-fec'tioned,
posed

af-

Inclined

a.

affected.
Af-FET'ive, a.

dis-

Affecting, or ex-

citing emotion.

Af-fi'ance,

[0. Fr.]

n.

Plighted

1.

the marriage contract or promv.t. [-ED;

Trust; reliance.
1. To betroth
to pledge
one s faith in marriage. 2. To trust.

faith

ise. 2.

-ING.]

Af-FI'AN-cer,

One who makes a

n.

contract of marriage between parties.

Af-fi'ant,

Oue who makes an

n.

af-

fidavit .

AVfi-da'vit,

[Lat.]

n.

statement

and made upon

in writing, signed

oath before an authorized magistrate.

See

Syn. To trouble;

Deposition.

timorous; frightened; alarmed; appalled.

harass;

distress;

torment; grieve.

Causing pain

Af-fl,IT'ing, p.

tenderly.

fer dejection, grief, or distress.

a.
grievous distressing.
Af-fli'tion, n. 1.

the stern.

ma

are less strong.

Af-flict'ive
ing

AFT'ER,
hind in

Giving pain

a.

caus-

affliction.

n.
Abundance of any
thing, especially riches.
Syn. Opulence; wealth; plenty.

[A.-S.

place.

Be-

1.

sefter.]

Later in time.

2.

4.

3.

In

imitation of.
5. According to the
direction and influence of. 6. In rem

lation to.

AFT'ER, adv.

Subsequently in time
or place.
a.
1. Later in time;
subsequent. 2. Toward the stern.

Aft'er-birth, n. Membrane inclosing the fetus, and coming away after

.

Xf'flu-ence,

prep.

Moving toward from behind.

adversity; misfortune.
Affliction is the
strongest of these terms, being a state of
prolonged suffering; adversity
misdistress is
fortune are general states
particular, being the case of one under
the stress or pressure of severe pain,
bodily or mental; the other two words

over again.

A-FRONT' (-frQnt'), adv. In front.

Aft, adv. or a. Astern, or toward*

Cause of continued pain of body or mind, &c. 2.

State of being afflicted.
Syn.
Trouble; distress; sorrow;

Anew

A-FRESH', adv.

delivery.

Aft'er-glap,
.

An

n.

unexpected
[quent crop.

subsequent event.

AFT'ERCROP, n. A second or subseAFT'er-math, n. A second or sub-

plentiful
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [L. AF'FLU-ENT, a. Wealthy
sequent crop of grass in the same
abundant.
n.
A stream flowing
1. To adopt as a son
year rowen.
To receive into a society w into a river or lake.
Aft'er-noIdn', n. Time from noon to
as a member, and initiate in its mys- AF'flu-ent-ly, adv. In abundance.
evening.
Af'flux,
n.
1. Act of flowteries, plans, &c.
Aft'er-pains, n. pi. Pains attend-

AF-FIL'I-ATE,
Lat.

affiliare..]

to ally.

2.

asson. Adoption
ciation in the same family or society.
Af'fin-age, n. A refining of metals.
AF-FIN'I-TY, n. [Lat affinitas.] 1.
2. Close
Relationship by marriage.

Af-fil/i-a'tion,

agreement; conformity connection.

3. Chemical attraction which takes
;

place at

an

insensible distance.

Agreement conformity
Syn.
semblance; alliance; relationship.
;

Af-firm'(18),

v.

t.

re-

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

affirmare.] 1. To confirm, establish,

or ratify. 2. To assert positively

Syn. To

aver; protest; assert.

"We affirm a thing with confidence we
assert it against all denial; we aver its
truth with solemnity; we protest it, as
what ought not to be called in question.
;

v. i. To declare or assert positively.

Af-firm'A-ble, a. Capable of being
affirmed.

Af-fTrm'ANCE,

Confirmation.

n.

n.
One who affirms.
Af'fir-ma'tion, n. 1. Act of affirming. 2. That which is asserted.

Af-fTrm/aint,

Confirmation

3.

ratification.

4.

Af-fluxTon,
which flows

Af-ford',

ing

to.

That

2.

to.

[-ED; -ing.] [L. Lat.

afforare, ofor are.] 1. To produce as
v.

the natural result. 2. To grant, sell,

or expend, with profit or without loss.
To yield; give; impart; confer.
Syn.

Quarrel

Syn.

scuffle

Af-freight'
as a

(-fraf), v. t.
To hire,
ship, for the transportation of

goods or freight.
AF-FRIGHT'f-frltO.tt.

Confirmative
ratifyexpressing af;

A word

firmation or assent.
2. An affirmative proposition.
3 That side of a
question which affirms or maintains.
Af-FIRM'A-TIVE-ly, adv. Positively
the opposite of negatively.
A.F-Pix',v.t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. qf;

or, do, "wqef, too,

(-thawt), n. Later

thought or expedient.

Aft'er-ward,
Aft'er-wards,

adv. In later or
succeeding time;
_

fear.

Syn. To

[A.-S. agcn,

A-GAINST' (a-gensf),
agcn.]

Opposite

1.

once

time;
back.
prep.

to.

[A.-S.

In oppo-

2.

sition to.
3. In preparation for.
A-GAPE', adv. Gaping, as with wonder.
Xg'A-RIG, n. [Gr. ayapiKov.] 1. A
family of fungi, including the common mushrooms. 2. Touch-wood.
appall; dismay;

[-ED; -TNG.]
To impress with

[A. -S.I afyrhtan.]

sudden

In return

2.

terrify;

t.

AG'ATE,

shock; alarm.

n.

n.

[Gr. axa-rr,?.]

1.

pre-

2.
cious stone, a variety of quartz.
Sudden and great fear terror.
A kind of type.
AF-FRONT'(-frunt' ),*;.. [-ED:-ING.]
[Lat. ad and frons.]
To offend by
K-jj-This line is printed in Agate.
some manifestation of disrespect.
A-GA'VE, n.
[Gr. ayavrj.]
abuse.
Syn. To insult provoke
The American aloe, or cen;

n.

Any

reproachful or contempt-

2.
1.

A piece performed

after a play.

Aft'er-thought

more.

brawl.

(Law.) A solemn declaration made

Syn. Insult; offense; ill treatment.
by persons who conscientiously deAf-front'ive, a. Giving offense.
cline taking an oath.
Af-firm'A-tive, a. 1. Affirming or Af-fuse', v. t. To pour out
to

subsequently.
Af-fray', n. 1. The fighting of two
or more persons, in a public place. A-GAIN' (a-pen/), adv.
origin.]
1.
Ano'aer
2. A tumultuous assault.

uous action or conduct.

asserting.
ing.
n.

ing the delivery of the after-birth.

AF T 'E R-P I E C E n

t.

sprinkle.

AF-vu'gloN, n.

Pouring upon, or

sprinkling with, a liquidsubstance.

in, or on, the field.
A-FlRE', a. or adv. On fire.
A-FLOAT', adv. 1. In a floating state.
2. Passing from place to place- 3.

A-FIELD', adv. To,

Unfixed

took; urn, rue, pull

E,

without control.
I,

o, silent; c, (h,soJl;

tury plant.

AGE

(147), n. [Lat. mtas.]

1.

Whole duration of a being.

That part of the duration

2.

of a being between its beginning, and any given time.

3. Latter part of life.
4.
certain period of human
life, marked by a difference

of state.

Mature years

x^ave

period
act for himself. 6.
particular period of time in history. 7. People living at a partic5.

when one may

e,Gjiard; /gj EX.IST

as

ng; this.

AGED
alar period
A century.

Syn.

AGED

hence, a generation.

Epoch;

Advanced in
Having lived.

1.

2.

[Low

n.

8.

enters by fovic into the possessions

of another.

respond in gender, number, case,

or

person.

AG-GRIEVE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. A-GREE'A-BLE, 1. Suitable; conTo give pain or

ad and graois.]
formable. 2. In pursuance, or acage

date; era; maturity.

(a/jed), a.
old.

or years

A'Gen-CY,

AIMLESS

10
who

sorrow

Lat. agentia.] 1.
state of being in

Quality of acting
action instrumentality. 2. Office or
^duties of an agent or factor.
JV'GENT, n. 1. A person or thing that
exerts power an actor. 2. A substitute
a deputy a factor. 3. An
;

active power or cause.

to

contr.
of agazed,p. p. of(obs.)ag-aze.] Stupefied with sudden fright or horror.
w
Ag'ile, a. [Lat. agilis.] Quick of

motion.
Syn. Nimble;

Xg'ile-ness,

A&-&LOM'ER-ATE,t'J. [-ED; -ING.] A-gil'i-ty/,

Lat. agglomere.] To wind iutoaball
A'GI-O, n.;
to gather into a mass.
n.

A gathering

cordance.
3. Pleasing, either to the
or senses. 4. Willing to agree
or consent.
A-GREE'A-BLE -NESS, . Quality of
being agreeable.
A-gree'a-bly, adv. 1. Pleasingly.
2. In accordance
conformably.
A-GREE'MENT, n. 1. A state of
agreeing, or being in harmony or resemblance.
2.
Concord or correspondence of one word with another
in gender, number, case, or person.
3. A bargain, compact, or contract.

mind

Ag-glSm'er-a'tion,

to oppress or injure.

Ag-group', v i t. To group.
A-GHAST' (-gast ), a. or adv. [A

active; lively; brisk.

Power

n.

quickly

to move
actively.

A'GI-os.

pi.

[It.]

1.

Difference in value between metallic

and paper monev, or between one

A-GRES'TI,
a.
[Lat. agrestis.]
into a ball or mass.
sort of metallic money and another.
A-gres'tic-al, J
Pertaining to the
AG-GLU'TI-NANT,a. Uniting, as glue.
2. Premium.
fields; rural; rustic.
[agriculture.
Any viscous, adhesive sub- A'gi-o-tage, n. Maneuvers of specn.
AG'RI-ULT'UR-AL, a.
Relating to
stance.
ulators to raise or depress the funds
Ag'ri-ciixt'URE, n. [Lat. agiicidAG-GLU'TI-NATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
stock -jobbing.
tura.]
Cultivation of the ground;
[Lat. agglutinare.] To unite, or cause Ag'i-tate, r. t. [-ed
-ING.] [Lat.
tillage
husbandry farming.
to adhere, as with glue.
qgitare.] 1. To move with a violent,
Ag'ri-cOlt'ur-ist, n. One skilled
AG-GLU'TI-NA'TION,
Act of unitirregular action.
2. To disturb or
)

;/..

ing, or state of being united, as by

glue.
[unite.
AG-GLU'TI-NA'TIVE, a. Tending to

Ag'GRAN-DJZE,
[Lat.

V.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

ad and grandis.]

applied to things.

1. To enlarge
To make great
;

2.

Syn.
To augment; exalt; promote;
advance; increase.
Ag-gran'dize-ment, or ag'granDIZEOMENT, n. Act of aggrandizing or state of being aggrandized.
AG'GRAN-DIZ'ER, n. One who aggrandizes.

[-ED;

t.

-ING.]
worse,

[Lat. aggravare.] 1. To make

severe, more enormous.
2.

3.

To
an exaggerated representation of.

To provoke or

irritate

[Improper.]
Syn.
To enhance

to tease.

heighten

raise

increase; magnify; tease.

3.

2.

n. 1. Act of aggraThat which aggravates.

Provocation; irritation.

[Not

le-

gitimate.)
V.

[Lat. aggregare.]
to accumulate.

Xg'GRE-GATE,

[-ED

t.

To

-ING.]
bring together
;

clusters.
ticulars

n.

sum

1.

Assemblage of partotal

mass.

Ag'gre-ga/TION,

n.
Act of aggregating, or state of being aggregated.

Ag'gre-ga'tive,
gation

a.
collective.

Causing aggre-

Ag-gres'sion

(-gresh'un), n.
[Lat.
aggressio.] First attack, or act of
hostility or injury.
Syn.
Attack; assault; invasion; en-

croachment.

g-gres'SIVE,

Making the

a.

first

attack or encroachment.

AG-GKES'SOR, n.
One who
makes an aggression.

first

invader. An agSyn. Assaulter

gressor is one who begins a quarrel o?
encroachment; an assaulter is one who
makes a violent onset; an invader is on
;

I, E,

I,

Ag'NATE,
side.

Related on the father's

a.

n.

Any male

father's side.

relation by the
[ther's side.

Relation by the faA-GO', adv. or a.

[Old Eug. agone.]
Past gone.
A-GOG', a. or adv. [From a-going.]
Highly exejted by eagerness after an
n.

object.

In motion going
p. pr.
_ ready to go.
AG'o-nism, n. Contention for a prize.
AG'o-NlST,rc. [Gr. aycoi/io-nj?.]
contender for the prize in public games.
Ag/o-NIST'IC,
) a.
Relating to
xVG'o-NIST'IG-AL J prize-fighting, or
to any violent contest.
Ag'o-nize,?;.?. [-ed; -ing.]
[Gr.
;

aytavlgeLv.]

Formed into a
whole mass or sum. 2. Firmed into
a.

On

A-ground', adv.

the ground;

_ stranded.
,

Chilliness.
2. An intermittent fever, attended by alter-

A'GUE,

n.

1.

Ag'GRE-GATE,

a farmer.

_ nate cold and hot fits.

A'gu-Ish, a. Having the qualities of
bate; deliberation.
an ague chilly.
Ag'i-ta'tor, n. One who agitates.
Ag'nail, n. An inflammation round AH, interj. An exclamation, expressive
of surprise, pity, complaint, joy, &c.
the nail a whitlow.

A-go'ing,

Ag'GRA-va/TION,
vating.

or state of being agitated. 2. Perturbation of mind. 3. Discussion.

Syn. Disturbance excitement; de-

Ag-na'tion,

V.

more
give

excite.
3. To discuss earnestly.
4.
To consider on all sides.
Ag'I-TA'TION, n. 1. Act of agitating,

or greater in power, rank, or houor.

Ag'GRA-VATE.

in agriculture

v.

t.

To

To writhe with agony.

distress with great pain

w to torture.
Ag'o-ny, n.

[Gr. ayoDvia.]
pain of body or mind.

Extreme

Syn. Anguish; pang. Agony and

a severe paroxysm of pain
(agony being the greatest); anguish is
prolonged suffering. The anguish of remorse; thepangs or agonies of dissolution.
A-GRA'RI-AN (89), a.
Relating or
tending to equal division of lands.
n. One who favors an equal division
of property.
pang denote

A-gra'ri-an-ism,

ft.

Equal division

of land or property, or the principles

of those who favor such a division.

A-GREE', v. i.
[-ed
[Lat. ad and gradus.]
;

-ING, 44.]
1. To har-

monize
tion.

in opinion, statement, or ac2. To yield assent. 3. To come

to terms. 4.

O, V,\,long,- X,E,Ij 0,0,5", short;

To resemble.

5*.

To

cor-

interj.
An exclamation, expressing
triumph,
contempt, or
simple surprise, [advance onward.
A-head', adv. Farther in front or in
AID, v. t. [-ed;-ING.] [Lat. adjutare.]
To support, by furnishing
strength or means to effect a purpose.
Syn. To assist help succor sup-

A-HA',

port; relieve; sustain.

u.

Help.
aid-de-camp.

1.

AlD'-DE-AMP(-k5ng),

DE-CAMP.

[6'r

Au

helper.
11. ;

pi

3.

An

AIDES-

officer selected

by a general officer to assist htm in his

_ duties. [Written also Aide-de-camp.]
AI'GRET,
[Fr.]
n.
1. The small
AI'GRETTE, )
white heron.
2.
A
_ tuft, as of feathers, diamonds, &c.
AIL, v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [A.-S. eglan.]
To affect with pain or uneasiness
to trouble
to be the matter with.
to be troubled.
v. i. To feel pain
n. Disorder; indisposition; pain.
_
AI-LAN'TUS, n. A genus of beautiful
trees, natives of the East.
[Im_ properly spelt ailanthus.]
AIL'MENT, n. Morbid affection of the
_ body disease.
)

AIM,

v.

i.

[Lat.

sestirnare.]

1.

To

point with a missive weapon. 2. To

[-ED;
direct the intention.
v. t.
-ING.]
To direct or point, as a
1.
Pointing or diweapon.
n.
rection of any thing to a particular
point or object, with a view to strike
or affect it. 2. Point intended to be
hit, or object to be affected. 3. Purpose intention.
Direction ; end: scope; scheme
Syn.
AlM'LESS, a. Without aim or purpose-

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM PIQUE FIRM; SON,
,

AIR

ALIKE

11

[Ar. aln.
[Gr. drj P .]
can be so set as to strike frequently A-LEM'Bl. n.
1. The fluid
amb'tq.} A chemical vesatmosphere. 2. A melat a particular hour.
sel, used in distillation.
a tune. 3. Peculiar look, ap- A-LAR'UM, n. Same as ALARM.
pearance, or manner. 4. pi. An af- A-LAS', interj. [Lat. lassus, weary.] A-LfiRT' (14), a. [It. alPerta.] 1. Watchful; vigv. t. [-ED
-ING.]
fected manner.
An exclamation expressive of sorrow,

Air

(4>.

breathe

ive

ody

1.

2.

To expose to the air to ventilate. w grief, pity, or concern.

To expose to heat, for drying or ALB, n. [Lat. albus.] An

warming.
Air'-gun, n.

cal

A gun discharged

opening for air.

AIR'I-LY, adv. Gayly merrily.
A.IR'1-NESS, n. 1. Openness to the air.
;

gayety.
AIR'ING, n. 1. A short excursion in
the open air. 2. "Exposure to air and
^ 2.

Levity

admit
AlR'Y, a.
to

albus, white.]

of a pre-

ternatural whiteness of the skin and

and a peculiar redness of the
and pupil of the eye.

iris

So tight as not

(-tit), a.

air.
1.

high in

AL'BU-GIN'E-OUS, a. [Lat. albugo.]

Like the white of an egg.

Having the nature or AL'BUM,

properties of air.
air.

2.
3.

Belonging to

Exposed

to the

Unsubstantial. 5. Having
no solid foundation. 6. Full of vivacity and levity.

air.

Any person

hair,

passage for air into

4.

The wing

AISLE

(Arch.) (a.)
(II), n.
of a building, (b.) One of the lateral divisions of a Gothic church, (c.)
A passage in a church into which the
pews open.
A-JAR', adv. Partly open, as a door.
A-KIM'BO, a. With a crook bent.
A-KIN', a. 1. Related by blood. 2.
Allied by nature.
Al'a-bas'ter, ii. [Gr.] 1. A variety
of sulphate of lime, or gypsum. 2.
A variety of carbonate of lime.
;

inlerj. [Corrupted from alas.}

exclamation expressive of sorrow.
A-lack' a-day, interj. An exclamation expressive of regret or sadness.

A-LACK/,

[Lat. albus.]

n.

1.

A white

table or register. 2. A blank book

for autographs or literary memorials.
Al-bu'men, n. [Lat.] 1. A thick,

viscous substance, found nearly

pure in the white of an egg. 2. A
white matter found in seeds.
Al-bu'mi-nous, a. Like albumen.
Al-bur'num, n. [Lat.] The white
softer part of wood next to the
bark, called sap-wood.
A pretended unin.

and
-

or readiness.

ALE'WIFE,

n.

Al'A-hest,
Al'ka-hkst,

versal solvent.

warden.

[trate or judge.

chemy,

liiagis-

to

al-

[chemy.

[Ind.

fish resem[syllables.

bling a herring.

A verse of twelve
n.
[Gr. aAeiexpels or resists
Expelling poison, or in-

Xl'ek-an'drine, n.
A-LExa-PHAR'MlG,

What

poison.

a.

w fection.

AL'GE-BRA,

[Ar. al-gabr, al-jabr.]

n.
That branch of analysis whose object is to investigate the relations and
properties of numbers by means of

and other symbols.

letters

.Xl'GE-BRA'IG,

\a.

XL'GE-BRA're-AL,

Pertaining to,
or performed
[of algebra.
AL'GE-BRA'IC-AL-LY, adv. By means
by, algebra.

AL'ge-bra'ist,

n.

One who

is skilled

in algebra.

Al'GO-RITHM,

n. [Sp. algoritiho.] Art

of computing in any particular way.

AL

i-AS,adv. [Lat.] Otherwise called;

a term used in legal proceedings to

connect the different names of a party
who has gone by two or several.

n.
1. A second or further writ.
2.
Another name.
Al'i-bi, n. [Lat.] A being in another
place at the time of the commission

AL-CAID', n. 1. In Spain, the goverof a crime.

nor of a castle or fort. 2. A jailer or AL'IEN (al'yen),

Al-AL'de, n. In Spain, a
Al-ghem'ig-AL, a. Relating

ALE'WlVEg.

pi.

An American

aloof.}

(papfxaKo? .]

Al'bi-nism, n. State of an albino.

Al-BPWo", n. ; pi. AL-BI NOs, n. [Lat.
Air-puinp.

Air'-tight

air

from a gelatine plate produced by

means of a photographic nega-

AL-bes'cent, a. [Lat. albescere.]

Becoming white whitish.

sel.

n.

very large web-footed sea-bird.

Although
conj. or adv.
notwithstanding.
Al'ber-type. [From the inventor,
Albert.'] (Photog.) A picture printed

tive.

constructed, for exhausting the air

from a closed ves-

JtlR'-SHAFT,
a mine.

alcatraz.]

[Sp.

alert,

2.

Al-be'it,

warmth.
a
AlR'-PUMP, n.
A
machine, variously

ecclesiasti-

vestment of white linen.

by the AL'BA-TROSS, n.

^ elastic force of air.

An
n.

Air'-hole,

hence, upon the

upon the watch.
Moving with celerity. Alembic.
Syn. Brisk; prompt; lively; nimble.
A-lErt'ness, n. Watchful activtiy
ilant

Foreign.
nature.

born and

[Lat. alienus.]

a.

1.

Wholly

different in
foreigner a foreignunnaturalized resident of a
2.

n.

_ country.

AL'ghe-mYst, n. One skilled in al- AL'ien-a-bil'i-ty, n. Capacity of

AL'eHE-MisT're-AL, a.
being alienated.
Practicing
AL'IEN-A-BLE, a. Capable of being
^ alchemy, or relating to it.
[Ar. al-kimia.] An
alacritas.] AX'GHE-MY, n.
alienated.
[Lat.
A-LA'RI-TY, n.
ancient science which aimed to trans- AL'IEN-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
Cheerful readiness.
alienare.]
mute the baser metals into gold, to
1. To transfer to another,
Syn. Briskness; liveliness; glee.
find the panacea, the universal solvas title, property, or right.
2. To
Al'a-mode', adv. According to the
[to.
_ estrange.
n. A thin, glossy,
mode or fashion.
w ent, &c.
al-kohl.]
AL'0-h5l,
n.
[Ar.
AL'IEN-ATE,
a.
Estranged;
Pure
stranger
black silk.
or highly rectified spirits more loose- AL'ien-a'tion, n. 1. Legal conveyA-LARM',w. [It. allarme, lit. to arms.]
ance of property to another. 2. State
ly applied to ardent spirits in gen1. A summons to arms. 2. Any sound

An

or information of approaching danger. 3. Sudden surprise with fear or

terror. 4. A contrivance for awaking

persons from sleep.

Fright; terror; consternation;
Syn.

Alarm,

the dread of
impending danger apprehension, fear
that it may be approaching; terror is
agitating and excessive fear; consternation is terror which overpowers the

apprehension.

is

faculties.

v.

arms

t.

[-ED; -ING.]

1.

To

call to

for defense.
2. To fill with apto disturb.
n. A cloc"k made to

prehension

A-larm/-Lock,

ring loudly at a particular hour.

n. One who intentionally
excites alarm.
A-LARM'-WATCH, n. A w;,tch that

A-LARM'IST,

of being alienated. 3. Estrangement,

eral.

AL'0-HOL'I,a. Relating to alcohol. _ as of the affections. 4. Insanity.

Al'go-ran, n. See Koran and Al- AL'ien-a'tor, n. One who alienates

KORAN.
Al'cove,

or transfers property.

or
al-gubba.]

Al-cove'

(114), n. [Ar.
or part of a
room, separated from the rest by a

recess,

partition.
n. [A.-S. aler.]
eral varieties.

Al'der,

A tree of sev-

n.; pi. AL'DER-MEN.

"
ealdorman.]
A magistrate
[A.-S.
of a city or town, next below the

mayor.

[A.-S. eale.]

n.

liquor

made

from malt by fermentation

n. A place where ale

retailed.
:

to

whom a

thing
[an alien.

sold.

AL'IEN-Iism, n.

The

A-LIGHT'

V.

(-lit'),

[A.-S. allhtan.]

and

to

settle,

1.

i.

To

[-ED; -ING.]
get

dismount.

2.

down
To

or
fall

or lodge.

A-LIGN'MENT
ment.}

1.

state of being

(-Hn'-), n.

[Fr. aligne-

Act of adjusting to a
2. Ground-

line; line of adjustment.

ALE '-HOUSE,

6r,do,WQLF.TOO,TOOH.; URN, :tUE, PULL

is

descend

Al'der-MAN,

ALE,

AL'IEN-EE', n. One

e,

2,

O, silent

plan of a railway or other road.

A-like',
is

a.
Having resemblance;
similar.
adv. In the same manner, form, or degree.

C, G, soft; c, g, hard;

Ag; E^ist; KosKfi; THIS

ALIMENT
Al'1-MENT,

n. [Lat. alimentum.]

That Al-lege'a-ble

Pertaining to
food or aliment

a.

Al-LE'GI-ance,

n.

Capable of

[L. Lat. allegi-

n.

o.

of

allegory

ing exactly, or without remainder.

Having life active susa.
;

principal one a figurative

of speech or description.
;

manner

n.

A pretended univer-

sal solvent.

a.
[It.]
(Mus.)
Quicker than andante, but not so
quick as allegro.
Al-le'gro, n. [It.] (Mus.) A

Al/KA-LES'^ENT, a. Tending to the

quick, sprightly strain or piece.
properties of an alkali.
Al/ka-lT, or Al'ka-li,. pi. Xl/ka- Al'le-lu'iah, n. Praise to Jehovah.
,-

L13g, or AL'KA-LIES.. [Ar. al-qali.]

One of a class of caustic chemical
bases, soda, potash, ammonia, and
lithia.

See

rt.

lagarlo,

el

lizard.]

carnivor-

large

ous amphibious
peculiar

reptile,

AWigator.
to America.
( -lizh/un), n.
[Lat. allisio.]
A striking against.
Al-lIt'er-a'tion, n. [Lat. ad and

Al-lTs/ion

Repetition of the same letter.

a.
Pertaining to

litera.]

Al-lTt'er-a-tIve,
alliteration.

AL'LO-A'TUR,n.

[Low Lat.] Allowance of a thing or proceeding, by

a court or judicial officer.

Xl'lo-cu'tion, n. An address; particularly an address of the pope to

his clergy.

Al-le-gret'to,

ceptible.

Al'ka-hest,

the

figurative.

of affording nutriment.

[Sp.

In the manner

In an
Xl'I-ment'ive-ness, n. The phren- Al'le-gor'ic-al-ly, adv.
allegorical manner.
ological organ of appetite for food.
Al'1-mo-ny (50), n. [Lat. alimonia, Al'le-go-rist, n. One who teaches
by allegory.
alimonium.] An allowance to a wife
out of her husband's estate or income Al'LE-GO-RIZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
To form or turn into allegory.
v. i.
for her support.
To use allegory.
[Lat. aliquantus.]
Al'1-QUANT, a.
Not dividing another number with- AL'LE-GO-RY(50),n. [Gr. akky\yopia.]
A story in which the direct and
out a remainder.
literal meaning is not the real or
AL'1-ftuOT, a. [Lat. aliquot.] DividA-lIve',

or ingredients of different qualities

or values.

Al'li-ga'tor,

antia.] Obligation which a subject

owes to his prince or government
loyalty.

Al'le-gor'I,
Act or power Al'le-gor'ic-al,

nutritive.

Al'i-men-ta'tion,

(140), a.

being alleged.
sup-

port; nutriment.
)

ALLUDE

12

which feeds or supports.

Syn. Food; nourishment;

Xl'i-MENT'AL,
Al'i-ment'a-ry,

Halleluiah.

Al-lo'di-al,

a.

rent or service

Al-l6'di-um,

n.

Freehold;

free of

opposed to feudal.
[L. Lat.]

Freehold

land which is the absolute

property of the owner.
(-lunj>), n.
[Fr.] A pass
or thrust with a sword.
[lopathy.
Xl'lo-path'k;, a. Pertaining to alestate;

Al-l6nge'

AL-LE'VI-ATE,r. t. [-ed;-ing.] [L.

Lat. alleviare.] To make light or easy Al-lop'a-thYst, n.
One who practo be borne
tices medicine according to the rules
hence, to remove in
;

Al-kXl'i-fy, or Xl'ka-li-fy, v. i.
To become changed into an alkali.
Al'KA-LINE (or -lln), a. Having the
qualities of alkali.
Quality which
Ai/ka-lin'i-ty, n.
constitutes an alkali.
Xl'ka-ljze, v. t. To make alkaline.
salifiable base exAl'ka-loid, n.
isting in some vegetables as a proxi[ble.
mate principle.
Ai/ko-ran, n. The Mohammedan BiA.LL, a. [A.-S. eall, al.} Every one, or

part

Syn.

to

make

easier to be endured.

To

mitilessen ; diminish
gate; assuage; allay.
These words are
Alleviate supposes a load,
all figurative.
as ofcre, which is lightened; mitigate,
something fierce, which is made mild, as
suffering ; assuage, something violent,
which is quieted, as sorrow; alia?/,
something excited, but now brought
down, as grief; lessen and diminish refer
lo amount or degree.
;

of allopathy.

Al-lop'a-thy, n. [Gr.
Trddos.]
The ordinary

aAAos, and
practice of
medicine, as opposed to homeopathy.
At-LOT', i'. , [-ED; -ING.] [Old Fr.
allotir, alloter.]
2.

tions

Syn.

1.

To

by

divide, as

To distribute in parts or porhence, to grant, as a portion.

lot.

To divide;

assign; apportion.

Al-lot'ment, re. 1. Act of allotting.

AL-LE'VI-A'TION, n.
1. Act of al2. Part allotted.
leviating.
2. That which mitigates. Al-low',.<. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat. ad
" the whole number of
Syn. Mitigation; diminution; relief.
and lor are.] 1. To give, afford, or
the whole
yield. 2. To own or acknowledge. 3.
quantity, extent, duration, amount, AL-LE'VI-A-TIVE, n. Something mitTo abate or deduct. 4. To permit.
adv. Wholly
igating.
quality, or degree of.
;

completely
n.

altogether

entirely.

The whole number, quantity, or

amount

the whole

The

the total.
Arabic name of the

Supreme_Being.
.Xl'LAN-TO'IC, a.

Pertaining to the

Al'lah,

n.

[allantoic.

Al-lan'tois, or Al'lan-tois,
Al-lXn'toid, or Xl'lan-toid,

)
)

thin mem[Gr.aAAa.vT0e1.877s.]
brane in animals.
Al-LAY', v. t. [-ED ; -ING.] [Partly
from A.-S. alecgan, to lay down, lesn.

sen, depress; partly from Fr. allier,

to ally.] 1. To make quiet or put at
2. To abate, mitigate, or sub-

rest.

due.
Syn.

To

appease; calm;

check;

soothe; pacify; assuage.

Al-lay'er,?i. He who, or that which,

allays.

[Fr. allee.]
1. A Al-low'a-ble, a. Capable of being,
(148), n.
or proper to be, allowed.
walk in a garden. 2. A narrow passage, as distinct from a public street. Al-low'A-bly, adv. In an allowable manner.
A.LL-FOOLS/-DAY, n. The first of
April, when it is a popular custom to Allowance, n. 1. Act of allowing.
play off tricks or make fools.
2. That which is allowed; a stated
All-fours', n. pi. [From all and
quantity, as of food or drink.
3
Abatement; deduction.
v.t. [-ED
four.] A game at cards.
-ING.] To put upon allowance.
All-hail', interj. All health
a
phrase of salutation.
Al-loy', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Fr. aloi,
loi.]
All-hal'lo\v,
1. To reduce the purity of by
) n. All-Saints'All-hXl'lows.,
mixing with a less valuable metal. 2.
day,
the
first
[
All-hal'l6w"mas, ) day of NoTo abate, impair, or corrupt.
n.
vember a feast in honor of all the
1. Any compound of two or
(148)
saints.
more metals. 2. A baser metal mixed
[All-Saints'.
with a finer. 3. Evil mixed with good.
All-hal'low-tide, n. Time near
AL-LI'ANCE, n. [Fr. alliance.] 1. A Al-LOY'age, n. 1. Act of alloying.
2. A mixture ofdifferent metals.
union or connection of interests. 2.
The compact which is the instru- A.LL-SAINTS"-DAY, n. First day of
ment of allying. 3. The persons or
November a feast in honor of all tho

Al'ley

n.
1. Positive assertion affirmation. 2. That which
is alleged

parties allied.

Syn.

AL-LEGE'fal-lej'),

v.

t.

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat. allegare.] 1. To bring forward

2. To produce,
with positivenees.
as an argument, plea, or excuse,
affirm
assert;
Syn. To declare
urge; adduce; advance; cite; quote.
;

I,

Xl'LE-ga'tion,

i,,

o,fJ,

saints.

League

confederacy

af-

finity; coalition.

AL'LI-gate,
unite.

v.

t.

To

tie

together

nity held to pray for the souls of the

to

faithful.

Al'LI-GA'TION,

All-souls"-day, n. Second day of

November a Roman Catholic solem-

n.

[Lat. alligatio.]

rule relating to the solution of

questions concerning the compounding together of different ingredients,

Y,long; X,e,i, 6,0, , short; care, far. ask, all,

All 'spice,
"

n.

The berry of the pitree of the West

mento, an aromatic
Indies.

Al-lCde',

what; ere,

veil,

v.

i.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

trmj pique, fTrm;

al-

son,

ALLURE
A-LONE',

To

A-LONG'

Al-lure', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [From

ad and lure.] To tempt by the offer
of some good, real or apparent.
St>-. To entice; decoy; seduce.
evil

V. i.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. altercare, altercari, from Lat. al-

solitary.

ter,

tion in words

Stu

[ship.

the side of a
At or
prep. At or
from a small distance.
to a distance from away from.
A-loud', adv. With a loud voice;

al-

lures.

One who

n.

allures

Al-lu'ion,
Al-lu'sive,

a.

rectly.

Al-lu'vi-al,

a.

1.

Pertaining

to,

and Gr.
book of prob-

[Ax. al, the,

n.

AL'MA Ma'ter.

[Lat.]

geometry,

college

or seminary where one is educated.

Al'ma-na"(134), n. [Ax.manakh.] A
book or table, containing a calendar
of days, weeks, months, &c.
'

Al-MIGHT'y
"

ful

(-mit/-), a.

n.

omnipotent.

[-ED

(a'niund), n.
[Gr. afivyThe fruit of the almond-

1.
6oAt>.]
tree.
2.

v.

called tonsils.

[See Alms.] One who

distributes alms for another.
n.
place for distribut-

AL'MON-ER,n.

ity.

Nearly; well(146), adv.

"
nigh for the greatest part.
ALMS, (amz), n. pi.
[A.-S. almes,
selmesse, from Gr. eAerjjuocrvvTj, fr. eAeelv, to have pity.] Any thing gratuitously given to relieve the poor
a
;

charitable donation.

the use of the poor

A house

(al'o), n.

pi.

2.

Al'to-geth'er

com-

(146), adv.
together.] 1. Conjointly. 2.

A painting placed
over the altar.

exception

wholly

[all and
Without

completely.

ah...

" restore the healthy functions of

the
body without sensible evacuations.

or to act "by

Al-tr'NATE-LY, adv. In reciprocal succession

by turns.
AL'ter-na'tion, n. 1. Reciprocal

6r,do, wolf, TOO, TOl) K;

change reciprocally.

for

a poor-house.
al'OES..
[Gr.
dAorj, Heb. ah&ltm.]
1. A genus of
evergreen plants. 2. pi. The inspissated juice of several species of aloe,
used as a purgative.
AL'o-ET'l,
Pertaining to,
a.
obtained frora, or
Al'o-et'ic-al, j
partaking of the qualities of, aloes.
A-LOFT' (21), adv. 1. On high. 2.
At the mast-head above the deck.

Al'oe

to

To happen

i.

AL'TO-re-lie'vo, n. [It. alto rilievo.] High relief.

[each end.
AL'TER,*.*. [-ED;
AL'U-DEL, . A chemical pot open at
" -ING.] [Low
Lat. alterare, from Lat. AL'UM, n.
[Lat. alumen.]
A double
alter, another.]
1. To make some
sulphate of alumina and potassa. It
change in. 2. To change entirely or
is very astringent.
materially.
v. i.
To become, in A-lu'mi-na, \ n. (Min.) One of tho
some respects, different.
AL'u-mIne, j earths.
Al'ter-a-ble, a. Capable of being Al'u-mIn'i-um, n.
A very light,
altered.
[manner. A-lu'MI-num, j
white metal, with
Al'ter-a-BLY, adv. In an alterable
a bluish tinge.
AL'TER-A'TION, n. 1. Act of alter- A-lu'mi-noOs, a. Pertaining to, or
" ing or state of being altered.
2. The
containing, alum, or alumina.
change made.
A-LftM'NVS, n. pi.; A-LXjM'NI. A
Al'ter-a-tive, a. Having power to
graduate of a college, or other semi'

(amz'-), n.

turns.

munion table.
AL'TAR-PIECE,n.

ing alms.

Al-most'

Almshouse

or AL-TR'NATE,1>. t.
To perform by turns, oi
;

One of the two glands

Al'mon-ry,

-ing.]

All-powerGod the

Supreme Being.

AL'MOND

alter-

united by compact, marriage, &c.

a confederate. 2. One related to another by any tie.

lems in astronomy and

drawn up by Ptolemy.

[Lat.
;

in successiou

To connect by

/LteyioTos, greatest.]

a noisy altercation.
a.

(14),

Being by turns reciprocal.

That which happens by turns

similitude, resemblance, or friendship.

n. (115, 148)
1. One who is

Al'ma-GEST,

ia

succession of things in time or place.

2. {Math.) The different changes of
orders in numbers permutation.
n.
The first
letter of the Greek
AL-TfiR'NA-TlvE,a. Offering a choice
Alpaca.
alphabet, used to deof two things.
ft.
A choice of two
note first.
things.
AL'PHA-BET, n. [Gr. aA^ajSrj-ros, fr. Al-t1r'na-TIVE-LY, adv. In an alaA<a and t)to., the first two Gr. letternative manner.
ters.]
The letters of a language in Al-th6ugh' (awl-tho 7 ), conj. [all and
" though.]
the customary order.
[-ED
v. t.
Grant all this be it so sup
-ING.] To arrange in the order of
pose that notwithstanding.
an alphabet.
AL-til'o-QUENCE, n.
[Lat. altus,
Al'pha-bet'ic,
lofty, and loquentia, a speaking.]
)
a.
Pertaining
AL'PHA-BET'KJ-AL, j
Pompous language.
to, furnished
with, or in the order of, the letters Al-tim'e-ter, n.
[Lat. altus, high,
of the alphabet.
and metrum, measure.] An instruAL'PHA-BET'IC-AL-LY, adv. Accordment for taking altitudes by geometrical principles.
_ ing to the alphabet.
Al'pine (-pin or -pin), a.
Pertain- Al-tim'e-try, n. Art of ascertaining
ing to the Alps, or to any lofty mounaltitudes by means of a proper intain,
strument.
[now.
Al-read'y, adv. Before this time; Al-tIs'o-nant, ) a.
[Lat.
altus,
Al'SO (146), adv. or conj. [a^and so.] Al-tIs'o-NOUS, J high, and sonans,
In like manner likewise too.
sounding.] High-sounding
pompALT, a. or n. [Lat. altus, high.] The
ous.
higher part of the scale.
AL'TI-TUDE (53), n. [Lat. altitudo, fr.
Al'tar, n. [Lat.
altus, high.] 1. Space extended up" altare,
from altus,
ward height. 2. (Astron.) Elevahigh.] 1 A table
tion of a celestial object above the
or elevated place
horizon. 3. Highest point.
on which gifts and
AL'TO, n. The part sung by the lowsacrifices are ofest female voices.
In instrumental
fered! to some demusic,_ the tenor.

to wash.]
Deposits of earth, sand,
gravel, &c, made by rivers, floods, or
other causes.
Al-ly', v. t. [-ED; -ING, 141, 142.]
[Lat. alligare, from ad, to, and ligare,
to bind.] 1. To unite, or form a con2.

dispute. An alteran angry dispute between two

a wrangle

Al'TER-NATE

contained in, or composed of, alluviuni. 2. Of fresh-water origin.

Al-lu'vi-on, n. Same as ALLUVIUM.
AL-LU'VI-UM, n. ; pi. AL-LU'VI-A.
[Lat., from ad, to, against, and luere, AL'PHA,

nection between.

n.
vicissitude.

Al-pa-c'a, n.
1. An
animal of Peru, having long, fine, woolly
hair. 2. A thin kind
of cloth made of the
wool of the alpaca
mixed with silk or
with cotton.

Indirect reference.
Referring to indi-

n.

is

parties

loudly.

tempter.

conten-

controversy.

natus.]

[Cf. aloft.]

Al-lur/er,

cation

Warm

n.

Wrangle

Al-tr'NATE

By

A-long'sIde, adv.
A-loof' (26), adv.

To contend in words

another.]

to wrangle.

AL'TER-eA'TlON,

across.

That which

AL'TER-ATE,

one.]

(21),

by some promised

;i.

single

and

good; we are enticed into it through our

passions we are seduced when drawn
aside from the path of rectitude.

Al-lure'mext,

all

adv. [A.-S. andlang,

ondlong, from and, ond, against, toward, and long, long.] 1. Lengthwise.
2. In a liie onward forward. 3. In
prep. By the
company together.
lengtn of, as distinguished from

suggest; intimate.

"We are allured to

[From

a.

Apart from others

Sy>*.

ALVEARY

13

ludere.] To refer to something not directly mentioned to have reference.

n.

medicine having this power.

RN, RyE, PULL; s,

i,

o, silent; c,G,so/i;

nary.

Al've-a-RY,
I

n.

[Lat. alvearium, al~

ve are, from alvus, belly, bee-hive.]

1.

,&,hard; Ag; EXIST; N as NG; THIS.

ALVEOLATE
bee-hive, or something like one. 2.
The hollow of the external ear.

Al've-o-late,

Pitted

a.

honey -comb.
Al'vine, a. [Lat. alvus,

like

Per-

belly.]

taining to the lower belly or intestines.

AL'WAY,

adv.

AE'WAifg,)

Perpetually

1.

con-

tinually. 2. Invariably

First person singular present indicative of Be.

AM.

A-MAIN', adv.
denly.

1.

Violently

and sud-

Suddenly, or at once.

2.

A-MAL'GAM,
emollient.]

[Gr. fidKayna,

n.

A compound

].

cury with another metal.

AMIABLE

14

n.

concealed place in which troops lie

hid ambush, v. t. [-ED -ING.j

am-

female

bassador.

AM'BER,n.

[Ar. ''anbar,

substance used in perfumery, &c.

[Lat. ambo, both,

Am'bi-DEX'ter, n.
and dexter, right.]

1.

both hands with equal

To

anbarum.]

a.
yellowish resin found as a fossil.
Consisting of or resembling amber.
Am'ber-gris (-grees), n. A fragrant

One who

uses

facility. 2.

double-dealer.

Any

[-ED -ING.]
1. To mix, as quicksilver, with another metal. 2. To mix, so as to make
v. i. 1. To unite in
a compound.
an amalgam. 2. To coalesce, as a result of growth.
V.

t.

in wait.
n.
[See

AMBUSCADE.]

1.

Act of attacking an enemy from a

2. An ambusconcealed station.
cade.
3. Troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by surprise. v. t. [-ED; -ING.] Tolio
in wait for
to place in ambush.
A-MEL'IO-RATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.
;

ad and meliorare, to make betAm'bi-dex-ter'i-ty, n.

1. Power
ter.] To make better
to improve.
of using both hands with equal ease.
i.
To grow better.
v.
2. Double-dealing.
Am'BI-ENT, a. [Lat. ambiens, fr. am- A-MEI/IO-RA'TION, n. Improvement.
A-MEN' {in singing, pron. a'men').
bire, to go around.]
Encompassing
[Lat.

An

[Heb.]

surrounding.

mixture.

A-MAL'GAM-ATE,

lie

Am'BUSH,

any

of mer2.

AM-BAS'SA-DRESS,

n.
Doubtfulness or
uncertainty, esp. of signification

expression used at the

end of prayers, meaning, So

Am'bi-gu'i-ty,

A-me'na-ble,

a.

AM-BlG'U-OUS,

[Lat. ambiguus.]
a.
Doubtful or uncertain, particularly

threaten.]
to account

in respect to signification.

fr.

it.

Liable to be brought

1.
;

be

amener, to
Lat. minare, to

[Fr.

bring to account,

answerable

responsi-

submissive.
ble. 2. Willing to yield
Am-bIg'u-ous-ly, adv. In an amA-MEND', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [From
biguous manner.
A-mal'ga-ma'tion, n. 1. Act or
Lat. emendare, fr. e, out, and menda,
operation of compounding mercury Am-big'u-oGs-ness, n. Ambiguity.
a fault. ] To change in any way for
[Lat. ambitus.']
Circuit
with another metal. 2. The mixing Am'bit, n.
n.

a-mAn'u- Am-BI'tion

pi.

EN'SEg'. [Lat., from ab, from, and

tnanus, hand.] One who writes what

another dictates

Am'A-RANTH,

n.

a copyist.
[Gr. <i/u.apavros,

lit.,

1. A genus of ornamental annual plants of many spe2. An imaginary flower that

cies.

not withering.]

never fades.

3.

color inclining to

purple.

Am'a-rAnth'ine,

Not fading

1.

of.

or decaying. 2. Of a purplish color.

A-MASS'(6), V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
[L.
Lat. amassare, from Lat. massa,
mass.] To collect i^ito a mass or

heap.

To accumulate;

the better.

or compass.

of different things or races.

A-mAn'u-en'sis,

(-bisb/un), n.

am-

[Lat.

a going around, esp. to get

votes.] An eager desire of preferment,
honor, superiority, or power.
AM-Bi'Tloust-blsh'us), a. 1. Possess2.
ing, or controlled by, ambition.
Springing from, or indicating, ambitio,

Syn. To correct reform rectify.

To amend is literally to take away blots,
to remove faults; to reform is
to form over again for the better; to correct is to make straight or right; to recti*
fy is to set right. "We rectify abuses, mistakes, &c. ; we correct errors; we reform

or

v.

i.

[Lat. ambidare.]

1.

amend our

v.

bition.

AM'BLE,

To

lives.

To grow

i.

to improve
[amended.
Capable of being
a.
Containing

better

morally.

move, as a horse, by lifting together A-mend'a-ble, a.

the two legs on one side to pace. 2. A-MEND'a-to-ry,

To move

affectedly.
peculiar
n.
gait of a horse, in which both legs on
one
are
moved
at
the
same
time.
side
w
AM'bler, n. A horse which ambles.
AM-BRO'glA (-bro'zba),^. [Gr. a/u.|3po-

and hence

amendment

corrective.

Amende

(a'mongd'), n.
[Fr.]
A
pecuniary fine or punishment reparation retraction.
;

A-mend'ment,

n.

1.

change

for

the better. 2. In public bodies, any

erta.] _ The fabled food of the gods.
accumu- AM-BRO'glAL, a. Partaking of the
alteration in a bill or motion by addlation.
nature ofambrosia; delicious.
ing, changing, or omitting.
Am'A-teur', n. [Fr.] One who cul- Am'bro-TYPE, n. [Gr. d^poro^, im- A-MENDg', n. sing. & pi. Recomtivates any study or art, without
mortal, and TU7J-0?, impression.] A
pense satisfaction equivalent.
pursuing it professionally.
[Lat.
amcenitas.]
photographic picture taken on a pre- A-MEN'I-TY, n.
Am'a-tive, a. Amorous; amatory.
pared glass.
Quality of being pleasant or agreeAm'A-tIve-ness, n.
Propensity to Ames/ace (amz'as), n. [0. Fr. ambes,
able, whether in respect to situation,
love.
ambs, both, and ace.] A double ace.
climate, manners, or disposition.
Am'a-to'ri-AL, I a. Relating to, in- Am'bu-lance, n.
A-MfiRCE' (14), f. t. [-ED; -ING.]
Am'A-to-ry,
duced by, or ex[Lat. ambulare,
[Lat. merces, wages, penalty.] 1. To
)
pressive of, love.
to walk.] A hospunish by a pecuniary penalty. 2.
AM'AV-RO'SIS,n. [Gr. afxavpwo-t?.]
pital wagon, for
To punish, in general.
A loss or decay of sight, without any
A-mrce'ment, n. A pecuniary pencarrying sick or
visible defect in the eye.
wounded
solalty inflicted at the discretion of the
A-MAZE', t. /. [-ED -ING.] To concourt.
Am ula^ce.
found with fear, sudden surprise, or Am'bu-lant, a.
A-MER'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Amer.
wonder to astonish.
Astonn.
Walking
in a restricted sense, pertain,
moving from place to
ica;
ishment amazement.
n.
A
ing to the United States.
w place.
A-maz'ed-ly, adv. With amazement. Am'eu-la'tion, n. Act of walking.
applied esp. to
native of America
A-maze'ment, n. A feeling of sur- AM'bu-la-to-ry, a.- 1. Walking. 2.
the inhabitants of the United States.
prise and wonder.
Not fixed in its legal character, but A-MfeR'l-AN-IM, n. A word, phrase,
Syjt.

A-mass'ment,

n.

gather.

heap

Syn.

Astonishment

admiration

perplexity; confusion.

A-maz'ing-ly, adv.

In an amazing

degree..

Am'a-zon,

n.

[Gr.

afia^.] One of

capable of being altered, as a will.

Any part of a building inn.
tended for walking in.
Am'bu-RY, ) n. [A.-S. ampre, a crook-

An'BU-RY,

ed, swelling vein.]

highest rank.
A,

E,

I,

O,

See

Embassador.

V \,long; A,B
y

I,

tacking an enemy Tby surprise.

6,0, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

2.

or idiom peculiar to America.

Xm'E-THYST,m.

[Gr. a/oie'0u<rros, withA subspecies of

quartz, of a bluish violet color. It was
anciently thought to have the power
of preventing intoxication.
Am'e-thst'iNE, a. Pertaining to,
or resembling, amethyst.

out drunkenness.]

a fabulous race of female warriors

soft swelling on ahorse, full of blood.
hence, a warlike or masculine wo- Am'BUS-ADE', n. [It. imboscata, fr.
man a virago.
im, in, and bosco, a wood.] 1. A lyAm-bas'sa-dor, n. An envoy of the
ing concealed, for the purpose of at- A'Mi-A-Bii/l-TY,

A A'MI-A-BLE,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

a.

n.

Amiableness.
[Lat.

amicabilis,

TEM; PIQUE, FTRM SON

;

AMIABLENESS
friendly, and amabilis, lovely.]
thy of love lovable.
;

Wor- Am-phIb'i-oDs-ness,
live in two elements.

Svn. Lovely; charming; delightful.

A'>II-A.-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of
_ deserving love loveliness.
A'MI-A-BLY, adv.
In an amiable
;

manner.
Am'I-AN'THUS,

[Gr. ay-tavros \C0o<s,

n.

unsoiled stone.] A mineral substance somewhat resembling flax.

Am'i-A-b1l'i-ty n. Quality of being
lit.,

amicable

ANALEPTIC

15

A^PHI-BOL'O-GY,

Ability to

n.

amicabilis.]
intercourse.

Harmonious in mutual

Syn. Friendly; peaceable; fraternal.

Amicable always supposes two parties;
as, an amicable arrangement. We cannot
say of a single individual that he was amicable, though we can say he wus friend-

ly.

prevent

phrase, proposition, or
\oyia.]
discourse susceptible of two interpretations.
Altt'PHI-BRACH, n. [Gr. afi^i/Spaxus.]
foot of three syllables, the middle
one long, the first and last short.
Am-PHI'TY-6n'I, n. Pertaining to

A-MUE',

the council of the Amphictyohs.

n. pi. [Gr. -Ap.(f>t.KTvoia?.] ( Gr. Hist.) An assembly or
council of deputies from the different
states of Greece.
pi.
Am-PHis' C7-/(-fTsh / i-T),
) n.
AM-PHls'cl-ANg (-i'Tsh'i-anz), j
[Gr.

evil.

[-ED
V. t.
-ING.]
[Fr.
amuser.] 1. To entertain agreeably.
To keep in expectation.
Syn. To divert; entertain. Wo
are amused by that which occupies ua
lightly and pleasantly; entertained by
that which brings our minds into agree;

2.

able contact with others, as conversation.

or a book ; diverted by that which clrawo
off our thoughts to something of livelier
interest, especially of a sportive nature,

as a humorous story or a laughable incident.

A-MUE'MENT, n. That which amuses.

Syn. Diversion; pastime; entertainment; sport.

on both sides, A-MU'SIVE, a. Entertaining; divertand o-klol, shadow.] The inhabitants

ing pleasing.
between the tropics, whose shadows in A-MYG'DA-E ATE n. [Gr. ap.vya'ahov,
dju$c<r/os,

from

ap.$l,

Am'i-A-ble-ness,

Friendliness;

n.

[manner.
In an amicable

kindness.

Am']-A-bl,y, adv.

one part of the year are cast to the

north, andin the other to the south.

A Am'phi-the/a-ter,

Am'ice

(Sm'is), n. [Lat. amictus.] 1.

loose flowing garment formerly worn
2. An oblong piece
by pilgrims.
of embroidered linen worn by priests.

A-MID',
\prep.
In the midst or
A-midst',
middle among.
A-mid'ships, adv. Half-way between
the stem and the stern.
)

A-MISS', a. Wrong faulty improper.

adv. Wrongly; improperly.
Am'I-ty, n. [Fr. amitie.] Friendship,
in a general sense harmony.

n.

[Gr.

<z/ou<--

Am'PHI-THE'A-TRE,

Biarpov, from
J
about, and Oearpov, theater.]
An oval or circular edifice having
rows of seats one above another,
around an open space, called the
arena, and used for combats of gladiators and of wild beasts, and other
public sports.
a(i(f>,

Am'phi-the-.aT'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to, or exhibited in, an amphitheater.

volatile alkali of a

spirit of

pungent smell

possessing

Pertaining to
or

a.

ammonia,

its qualities.

Am-mu-ni'tion

(-nish/un), n. [Low
Lat. admunitio.]
Military stores or
provisions for attack or defense.

A'm'NES-TY,

[Gr. ayvrto-Tia,

n.

a for-

getting.]
general pardon of political offenses.
A-MONG',
)prep. [A.-S. amang,on-

A-MONGST',

1. Mixed or
Associated with,
or making part of the number of.
Am'o-ROUS, a. [Low Lat. amorosus.]
1. Having a propensity to sexual en-

mang.]

mingled with.

joyment.

2.

amplus.]
1. Of
large dimensions. 2. Fully sufficient.

3.

hartshorn.

Am-mo'NI-A,
Am'MO-ni'ac-al,

2.

In love

Relating to love.

enamored. 3.
[manner.

[Lat,

Extended

Syn.

A-MOR'TI-ZA'TION,

A-mor'tIze-ment,

n.

anomalous.
1. Act or

rightofalienating lands to a corporation. 2. Extinction of debt, particularly by

means of a sinking fund.

diffusive.

Spacious

emulsion made of al[almonds.

monds,

A-MYG'DA-LtNE,
Am/Y-LA'CEOUS,

Pertaining to

a.

[Gr.

a.

ajuvAov,

Pertaining to starch.
An, a., commonly called the indefinite
article.
[A.-S. an, ane.] It signifies
one or any, but somewhat less emstarch.]

phatically.

AN'A-BAP'TIST,n. [Gr. d(/a/3a.7rn'eiv,

from dvd, again, and /3a.7rrieii/, to
baptize.] One who denies the validity of infant baptism.
ju.6s,

n.

[Gr. avaxpovia-

from ava, against, and \p6vos,

An error in

w time.]

chronology.

n. A large snake which

lives in South America.
A-nac're-on'TIC, a. Pertaining to,
or after the manner of, the Greek

An'A-^on'dA,

capacious;

exten-

When we
abundant; plenteous.
mean by ample large in extent, we say
spacious or extensive ; large in size, capacious; large in quantity, abundant or
sive;

plenteous.

poet Anacreon

n.

amatory; convivial.

poem

little

in praise of love

and wine.

AM/PLl-FI-eA'TION, n. 1. Enlargement.
2. Exaggerated description An'A-DEM,
land or

or diffuse narration.

[Gr. dvdSrjixa.]

n.

gar-

fillet.

[Gr. dv priv.,
Am'pli-fi-A/tive, la. Serving or An'jes-thet'k:, a.
and aio-6t]o-i<i feeling.] 1. Capable
Am/pli-fi-ca'to-ry, j tending to
of rendering insensible by being inamplify _or enlarge.
haled. 2. Characterized by insensiAm'PLI-F'/er, n. One who amplifies.
That which produces
bility.
n.
AM'PLI-FY, V. t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]
insensibility,
as chloroform, &c,
[Lat. amplificare, fr. ampins, ample,
and facere, to make.] 1. To render An'A-GLYPH, n. [Gr. dvdykvfyov ,from
ava., up, and ykv^etv, to engrave.]
larger, more extended, or more inAn embossed or chased ornament,
tense; and the like. 2. To treat copiworked in relief, as a cameo.
ously.
v. i.
1. To grow or beAn'a-glyp'TIC, a. Relating to the
come large. 2. To be diffuse.
,

Am'O-rous'LY, adv. In an amorous

A-MOR'PHOUS, a. [Gr. a>op<os, fr. a
priv.,and p.opj>-q, form.] 1. Having Am'pli-tude
no determinate form. 2. Of no parbeing ample
ticular kind or character

An

almond.]

AN-AGH'RO-NIM,

AM-MO'NI-A, n. [From sal ammoniac.} AM'PLE,a.

[Ar. hamaiat, himalat,

anything worn.] Something worn to

Am-PHI'ty-on,

friendliness.
Am'I-A-bee, a.
[Lat.
;

AM'U-LET,n.

afufyipo-

[Gr.

71.

1. State of
n.
largeness of dimensions.
2. Largeness, in a figurative
sense. 3. An arc of the horizon intercepted between the true east or
west point and the center of the sun
or a star at its rising or setting.

(53),

Am'ply, adv.

Largely

liberally

art of carving, engraving, enchasing,

or embossing plate.
[Gr. dvay(ayq,
dyeiv, to lead.]

AN'A-GOG're-AL, a.
from ava, up, and
Mysterious

An'A-GR.Xm,

mystical

spiritual.

[Gr. avdypafi/xa,

n.

from

ava, back, again, and ypayya, letter.]

A transposition of the letters of a

A-mount', v. i. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat.

name, by which a new word is
fully.
ad, to, and mons, mountain.] 1. To Am'p'u-tate,"l-. t. [-ED -ing.] [Lat.
formed. Thus, astronomers may bo
come in the aggregate or whole. 2. To
turned into moon-starers.
amputate, from amb, about, and;?ttbe equivalent.
Pertaining
n. 1. The sum total.
tare, to prune.]
To cut off, as a An'a-gram-mXt'ic, a.
2. The effect, substance, or result.
to,
or making, an anagram.
limb.
A-MOUR', n. [Fr.] A love intrigue.
Collecting or seAm'PU-TA'TION, n. Act or operation An'A-LE'TI, a.
Am-phib'i-an, n.
An amphibious
lecting
made up of selections.
of cutting off a limb or other part.
animal.
n. pi. [Gr. avdAeKTa.]
A-MUCK',n. [Malay.] Act of killing. .Xn'A-LETS,
Am-phIb'i-oOs, a.
A collection of lit1. Having the
An'a-LE'Ta,
To run amuck, to rush out frantically,
power of living in air and water. 2.
erary fragments.
attacking all that come in the way, as is
;

)
)

Adapted

OR, DO,

for living

on land or water.

WOLF, TOO, TOOK

done by fanatics

URN, RUE, PULE;

JE, X,

in the East.

O, silent

C,6,sq/i,-

.XN/A-LEP'TI,

a.

,G,hard; Ag; E^IST

[Gr. avoAT)7TTt(c6s.![
;

as

NG

THIS.

ANALOGICAL
Corroborating;

Restorative medicine.

An'A-l6g'I-AL, a.
According
or founded on, analogy.

An

to,

A-l,66'I-al,-l,y, adv. By way of

[or consider by analogy.
A-nXl'o-gize (162), v. t. To explain
A-NXl/o-GoOs, a. [Gr. dvdAoyos, proportionate, fr. dvd, according to, and
Xoyos, proportion.] Having analogy
correspondent, [to some other thing.
/

analogy. _

An'A-Logue,

n.

ANGLE

16

invigorating. n.

thing analogous

avd, up, ana rop.7?, a cutting.] 1. Art

of dissection. 2. Science of the structure of animal bodies. 3. A skeleton.
An'ces-TOR, n. [From Lat. antecesOne from
sor, one who goes before.]
whom a person is descended at any
distance of time.

Syn.

Forefather;

progenitor.

Xn-ces'tral,

Relating to, or dea.

scending from, ancestors.

AN'CES-TRY,n.

1.

To come

Anch'or-age,

to anchor.

n.

n.
[Gr. dve/uos,
ypa<fj, description.]

dvefioi,
An in-

1.

wind.

A-NEM'O-NE,

[Gr. dve/jiuivr), from

(which easily strips off
genus of plants of the

n.

dve/uos, wind
its leaves).]

crowfoot family.

A-NEM'O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. dve/nos, wind,

and o-/co7reii',to view.] A contrivance
for bringing down the indications of
To

to rest.

to

anecdotes.

Xn'E-MOG'ra-PHY,

.the

i.

ture.

Syn. Story; tale; memoir.

An'ec-dot'knal, a. Pertaining

strument for measuring the force of

stop

published.] A particular or detached

incident or fact of an interesting na-

wind, and fxerpov, measure.]

iron
instrument for holdAnchor
ing a vessel at rest
in water any firm shank ;
c
support. t).(.[-ED; flukes;
d
-ING.] 1. To place armsat anchor.
2. To fasten
to fix
v.

[Gr. dveKoofos, not

description of the winds.

n.
[Gr.

An

dy/cvpa.]

n.

Xn'E-MOM'e-TER,

A-nXl'O-GY, n. 1. Likeness between

lineage. 2. Birth or
things in some circumstances or efhonorable descent.
fects, when the things are otherwise XnH'or,
n.
[Gr.
entirely different. 2. Equality, proportion, or similarity of ratios.
A-nXl'y-sis, n. ; pi. a-nAe'y-se^.
[Gr. avd\v<ri<;, from dvd, again, and
resolution of any
\veiv, to loose.]
thing, whether an object of the
senses or of the intellect, into its
constituent or original elements.
An>A-LYST, n. One who analyzes.
) a.
Pertaining to
AN'A-LYT're,
analysis; resolvAn'a-lyt'kj-al, )
[alysis.
ing into component parts.
An'A-lyt'ICS, n. sing. Science of an-

Pertaining to an.

a.

ecdotes.

An'E-d6te,

wind, and

1.

ancestors

series of

An'ec-do'tal,

place where

2.

The anchor

a wind-vane to a dial below.

n.
[Gr. a priv.,

An'E-ROID,

vrjpos,

wet, moist, and e!6os, form.] A portable barometer, shaped like a watch.
and all necessary tackle. 3. A duty
XN'EU-RlgM,
n.
[Gr. dvevpv<rfJLa, a
ships
anchoring
in
a
harbor.
on
for
An'a-lyze(162),'U. t. [-ed; -ing.] To Anch'or-ESS, n. A female hermit.
widening.]
A soft tumor, arising
separate into the component parts
from
dilatation
or rupture of the
[Gr.
ANH'OR-ET,
n.
di/axwpTj-rrjs.]
to resolve into first principles or ele- ANH'OR-tTE,
coats of an artery,
[again afresh.
A hermit; a re[which, analyzes.
ments,
A-neW
(a-nC),
adv.
Newly
over
cluse a monk.
.
Xn'A-LYZ'ER, n. One who, or that An-ch6'VY, n. [Bisc. antzua, anchu- AN'GEL, n. [Gr. dyyeAos, messenger.]
a-morAn' a-m6r> pho-sis,ox
1.
A
spirit,
or
a
spiritual
being.
2.
va, dry.]
A small sea-fish of the
PHO'SIS, n. [Gr. dvap.6p0<o-is.] A
An ancient gold coin of England,
herring family.
distorted representation of an image AN'CIENT (an'shent), a. [L. Lat. antiworth about ten shillings. a. Reon a plane or curved surface, which,
sembling, or belonging to, angels.
anus, anteanus, fr. Lat. antea, ante,
viewed in a certain way, appears rega.
Belonging to, or
that happened or An-6ei/I,
before.]
1. Old
ular and in proportion.
resembling, angels.
existed in former times. 2. Of great An-gei/I-AL, j
An'A-PjEST, n. [Gr. dvcoraio-TO?.] A
AN'GEL-OL/O-GY,
n.
[Gr. dyyeAos,
age.
metrical foot consisting of three syllaangel, and Adyos, discourse.]
DocSyn. Primitive pristine antiquables, the first two short, the last
trine of angelic beings.
ted; obsolete. A thing is ancient when
long, or the first two accented and
it is old; it is antiquated, antique, or obsoAn'ger (82), n. [Lat. angor.] A
lete when it is gone out of use or fashion.
the last unaccented.
strong passion or emotion of the
. 1. pi. Those who lived in former
An'XRH, n. [Gr. dvapxos, from dv
mind excited by a real or supposed
ages. 2. pi. .Very old men. 3. Bearpriv., and dpxij, beginning.] Author
injury.
now called an ensign.
er of a flag
Syn. Indignation
resentment
of anarchy.
wrath fury rage. Anger is a stronger
In old times
A-NARH'I,
a.
Being without AN'CIENT-LY, adv.
term than resentment, but not so strong
[lineage.
formerly.
A-NARH're-AL, j government lawas indignation, which is awakened by
Honor of ancient
confused.
[disorder. Xn'CIENT-RY, n.
less
what is flagitious in character or conduct;
Xn'ARH-IST, n. One who promotes An'CIL-LA-ry, a. [Lat. ancillaris, fr.
nor as wrath, fury, rage, in which anger
is wrought up to a still higher point in
ancilla, a female servant.] SubserviAn'ARCH-y, n. 1. Want of governthe order of these words.
ent or subordinate, like a handmaid.
ment in society lawlessness. 2. Conv. t. [-ED; -ing.] To excite to anAn-cIp'I-TAL, a. [Lat. anceps, twofusion.
to rouse to resentment.
ger
and
forming
headed.]
Compressed,
An'a-sarc'ous, a.
[Gr. dvd, and
Syn. To provoke vex displease
two opposite angles.
Dropsical.
a-dpi-.]
lN'0-NY,n.
Xn'GI-OL/O-Gy,
n. [Gr. dyyecW, ves[Gr.
dy/cwv,abentarm.]
A-NATH'E-MA (147), n. [Gr. <W0ep.a,
A piece of half-wrought iron, in the
sel, and Adyos, discourse.] A treatise
anything devoted, esp. to evil.] A
the
discourse
on
vessels of the hushape
a
the
middle,
but
of
bar
in
or
ban or curse pronounced by ecclesiman body.
astical authority, and accompanied w rude and unwrought at the ends.
Xn'GI-OT'O-MY,
n.
[Gr. ayyeiov, vesAND,
conj.
particle
which
[A.-S.]
A
by excommunication
A dissecexpresses the relation of addition.
sel, and Top.j, a cutting.]
An-Xth'e-ma-tTze (162), v. t. [-ed
AN-DAN'TE, a. [It.] Rather slow.
tion of the vessels of the body.
-ING.] To denounce with curses.
An'a-tom'i^,
Belonging to And'i-ron (-T-urn), n. [A corrupt, Xn'gle (ang'gl)
a.
C
of brand'-iron, or of hand-iron, or of
n. [Gr. ay/cvAo?.]
An'a-tom'kj-al, j
anatomy or dis-

a ship can anchor.

Aw

[of dissection.

section,

end-iron.]

utensil for supporting

wood in a fire-place.
An'A-Tom'IC-AL-LY, adv. By means
A-NAT'o-mIst, n. One who dissects An-drog'y-nal, ) a.
bodies, or

is

skilled in

A-nXt'o-mi-za'tion,

anatomy.
n.

The act of

A-nXt'o-mize (162), v. t. [-ed -ing.]

2. To lay open the
1. To dissect.
;

interior structure of
A-NXT'O-MY, n. [Gr.
l, E, I, 6, U,

An-drog'y-noOs, j
ai/fipos,
man, and

vos,

from dvqp,

yvvrj,

woman.]

Having both

anatomizing.

to analyze.
dvaTOfxrf,

Y,long; A,

%., 5,

from

sexes, or the mental

characteristics of both sexes.
An'droid,
\n.
[Gr. dvrjp, dvAw-DROl'VE,i 6p6s, and eiSos.]

A machine in

6, C, Y, short

the

1.

A corner.

(Geom.)
[Gr. dvSpoyv-

human

form.

care, fXr, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

2.

The

difference of direction of two

in
the
lines

IL

same plane that C A E, right angle; C

meet or tend to A D, acute angle B
A E obtuse an Sle
meet in a point
;

or the difference of direction of two

planes intersecting, or tending to in-

ERE, VgIL,

trm

PIQUE, FIRM SON,

;

ANGLER
each

tersect,
tackle.
fish

v.

other.

FishiDg

3.

[-ED; -ING.]

i.

and hook.

with line

2.

1.

To

To

in-

trigue.

An'gler,

One who

n.

hook.

An'glI-CAN,

a.

AN'GLi-ctjsM,

fishes with a
[to England.

English
pertaining
An English idiom
:

n.

or expression.
v. t.
[-ed -ing.] To
render conformable to the English
idiom, or to English analogies.
Xn'glo-. A prefix meaning the same
used in composition.
as English ;
An'gor, n. Intense bodily pain.
An'GRI-LY, adv. In an angry manner.
An'gry, a. [See Anger.] 1. inflamed, as a sore. 2. Touched with
anger. 3. Showing anger. 4. Stimu-

Xn'gli-cize,

lated

ANOINTMENT

\<

roused.

Syx. Passionate; resentful; irritated;

indignant; provoked; furious; wrathful;
choleric; inflamed; infuriated.

mAl'cu-la.]

[See

83~ Animalculse,

as if from a Lat. singular animalcule, is a gross barbarism.

State of animal

An-i-mal'i-tv, n.
existence.

An'I-MATE,

v.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

[Lat.

fr. anima, breath soul.] 1.

To give natural life to. 2. To give

animare.

powers

to, or to

heighten the powers

To

give spirit or vigor

[imal life.
to.
AN'I-MATE, a. Alive; possessing anAn'i-mat-ed, p. a. 1. Endowed with
animal life. 2. Spirited; lively.
ArVl-MA'TlON, n. Act of animating,
or state of being animated.
Syx. Vivacity spirit; buoyancy;
sprightliness liveliness; promptness.

or effect

3.

of.

Xn'i-thos'i-ty, n. [Lat. animosilas.]

Violent hatred active enmity.
Syx. Rancor; malevolence; malig;

nity; rage; wrath.

AlC-GUft/LI-FORM, a. [Lat. angitilla,

eel, and forma, form.]
In the form

AN'l-MUS,n.

an eel.
An'guish,

An'ise, n.

Intention; purtemper.
A plant
avi<xov.]
n.
[Lat angustia.]
Exbearing aromatic seeds.
treme pain, either of body or mind.
An'KLE, n. [A. -S. ancle ow, dim. of
Syx. Agony; torture; torment; grief;
The joint couanlce, bent, neck.]
pang; throe.
w necting the foot and leg.
An'gu-lar, a. 1. Having an angle or AN'nal-Ist,
n. A writer of annals.
pointed. 2. Consisting of XN'NALg, n. pi. [Lat. annalis, fr. anangles
an angle. 3. Sharp and stiff in
nus, a year.] 1. A history of events
character.
[iug angular.
in chronological order. 2. A series
An'GU-lar'i-TY, n. Quality of beof historical events.
AN'GU-LAR-LY,a/i>. With angles in An'nats, n. pi. [Lat. annus, a year.]
the direction of the angles.
First year's whole profits of a spiritof

pose

spirit

[Lat.]

[Gr.

An'GU-lat'ed

Formed

(ang'gu-), a.

with angles.

ual preferment.

An-neal',

AN'he-la'tion,

[Lat. anhelatio.]
n.
Difficult respiration.
An'IL, n. [Ar. an-nd, from Skr. nila,
shrub from whose
dark blue.]
leaves and stalks indigo is made.
An'ILE, a. [Lat. znilis, fr. anus, old

v.

t.

n.
A species of red or
ellowish-red dyeing material.
t.
[-ED
-1N3.]
V.
[Lat. annunciare, fr. ad, to, and nunTo give public
cius, messenger.]
notice, or first notice of.
Syx. To proclaim publish adver-

Animalcule.] An-not'to,

An animalcule.

[-ed;-ing.]

anselan, onselan, to kindle.]

[A.-S.
1.

To

AN-NOUNCE',

tise.

To

publish

to

is

make

publicly

announce A& to make known

to proclaim is to give
for the first time

known;

to

the widest publicity; to advertise is to

the public prints.

make known through

An-nounce'MENT,

n.
Act of announcing proclamation declaration.
An-noy', r. . [-ed; -ing.] [Fr. ennuyer, fr. Lat. in odio, in hatred.] To
injure or disturb by repeated acts.
Syx. To incommode; vex; disturb;
;

pester

molest

An-noy'ANCE,

tease

n.

bother

plague.

Act of annoy-

1.

ing, or state of being annoyed.

2.

That which annoys.

Syx.Vexation; disturbance; injury.

AN'NU-AL (an'yu-al), a. [Lat. annuaannus, year.] 1. Returning or
happening every year yearly. 2. Performed in a year. 3. Lasting only one
lis, fr.

n.
1. A literary
year or -season.
work published once a year. 2. A
but
one year or season.
w plant, living
AN'nu-al-ly, adv. Yearly year by
[an annuity.
year.
An-nu'i-tant, n. A person' who has
An-nu'i-ty, n. [L. Lat. annuitas, fr.
Lat. annus, a year.] A sum of money
payable yearly, for a term of years.
An-nul',^. t. [-ed; -ing, 133.] [Low
Lat. annullare, from Lat. ad, to, and
nullum, nothing.] To make void or
of no effect.
Syx. To repeal nullify
abolish
;

abrogate; revoke; cancel; set aside.

heat nearly to fluidity, and then cool
slowly, to render less brittle. 2. To AN'NU-LAR,
la. 1. Having the form
Xn'nu-la-ry, ] of a ring. 2. Marked
heat, as glass, in order to fix colors.
An-nex', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
with circles, dots, &c.
annectere, annexion, from ad, to, and AN'NU-LET, n. [Lat. annulus.] 1. A

woman.] Old-womanish; imbecile.

1. To unite at the
nectere, to tie.]
little ring.
2. A small, flat fillet, enState of being an
\ n.
circling a column, &c.
end to affix. 2. To add, as a smaller
An'ILE-ness,
old woman old age
thing to a greater. 3. To connect, An-nul'ment, n. Act of annulling.
of a woman.
An-nu'mer-ate (30), v. t. [Lat. anespecially as a consequence.
An'i-MAD-ver'sion, n. Remarks by Xn'nex-a'tion, n. Act of annexnumerare, fr. ad, to, and numerate,
way of criticism, censure, or reproof. AN-NEX'ION,
ing; addition.
to number.] To add to a number.
)
Syx. Strictures; comment; blame. An-ni'HI-LA-ble, a. Capable of be- An-nu/MER-a'tion, n. Addition to
[-ei>;
Xn'i-m ad-vert' (14), v. i.
a former number.
ing annihilated.
-ING.] [Lat. animadvertere, from an- AN-NI'Hl-jLATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] An-nun'ci-ate (-shl-at), v. t. [-ed
imus, mind, and vertere, to turn.] 1.
-ING.]
[Lat. annunciare.
See An[Lat. annihilare, fr. ad, to, and nihil,
To turn the miud with intent to
nounce.]_ To announce.
nothing.] 1. To cause to cease to be.
notice. 2. To consider by way of
2. To destroy the form or properties of. An-nDn/ci-a'tion (-shl-a'shun), n.
criticism or censure
2. A festival
An-NI'hi-la'tion, n. A reducing to
1. Act of announcing.
Syx. To remark; comment.
nothing destruction.
celebrated (March 25) in memory of
the angel's announcement to the
X.N'I-MAL,n. [Lat.,fr. anima, breath, Xn'ni-vEr'sa-ry (14), a. [Lat. anniversarius, fr. annus, year, and verVirgin Mary.
soul, animus, mind.] 1. An organized
Returning with the AN'0-DYNE,a. [Gr. avwSwos, fr. av
tere, to turn.]
living being endowed with sensation
Serving to
priv., and o&vvt), pain.]
n.
A day
and the power of voluntary moyear, at a stated time.

A-n|l'i-ty,

2. An irrational being, as discelebrated yearly as it returns.

tinguished from man.
a. 1. Of, or An-nom'I-na'tion, n. [Lat. annom2. Alliteration.
relating to, animals.
inatio.]
1. A pun.
2. Pertaining
[Lat.]
A year's proto the merely sentient part of a AN-NO f NA, n.
hence, provisions for a
creature.
duction
[animalcules.
An'I-mXl'CU LAR, a. Pertaining to
year's use.
An'I-mal'cule, n. [Dim. of animal.] Xn'no-tate, v. i. [Lat. annotare, fr.
An aninial that is invisible, or nearly
ad, to, and nota, mark.] To make
annotations or comments.
so, to the naked eye
/
Xn'no-ta'tion,
n.
An explanatory
One
An i-Mal'U-li'sT, n.
versed in
remark L note, or commentary.
the knowledge of animalcules.
A
pi.
Xn'no-ta'tor,
n.
commentator.
AN'I-MAL'U-LVM, ./
A'NI-

tion.

OR, do,

WQLF, TOO. took

URN,nyE, PULL', E,

I,

O, silent

C,G,

soft;

assuage pain.

n.

Any

mediciuo

which allays pain.

A-NOINT', v. t. [-ED -ING.] TLat. in~
ungere, fr. ?n,and unguere, to smear.]'
1. To rub over with oil or unctuous
;

substances

also to spread over, as

2. To consecrate, by unction. 3.
To smear or daub.
A-NOINT'ED, n. The Messiah.
A-NOINT'ER. n. One who anoints.
A-noint'ment, n. Act of anointing;
oil.

state of being anointed.

,G,harJ; AS; EXIST;

NaSNG;

TiilS

ANOMALISM
n.
A deviation from
anomaly.
A-NOM/A-LOtJS, a. l"Gr. avutuakos fr.
av priv., and op-a}^,, even.] Deviating from a general rule or method ;

A-NoM'A-lYsm,
rule

irregular.

A-NOM'A-LY,n. Deviation fr. the com-

mon rule

or analogy

A-NON', adv.

irregularity.

Eng. anon onane,

1. Quickly immediately. 2. At another time again.
Ever and anon, now and then frelit.

ANTIFEBRILE

18

[0.

in owe (moment).]

quently; often.

AN'TE-OED'ENCE,
An'te-^ed'en-^y,
time

Act

n.

or state

of precedingiu

precedence.

An'te-ced'ent,^

[Lat. antecedent,
cedtre, to go.]

from ante, before, and

Going before in time.

Prior
preceding foregoing
Syn.
Antecedent is specific, referprevious.
ring to something consequent ; foregoing,
preceding, and previous, are more general, being opposed io subsequent ; prior,
like priority, implies a preference if there
is competition, as, a. prior claim.

n.

That which goes before

1.

in

time. 2. The first of two things reA-NON'Y-MOtt's, a. [Gr. clvuvviaos, fr.

lated to each other. 3. pi. The eardv priv., and ovoiua, name.] Without
lier events of one's life. 4. The noun
the real name of the author nameto which a relative refers.
[name.
less,
A-non'y-mous-LY, adv. Without a Xn'te-ced'ent-ly, adv. Previously.
An-6th'er, a. 1. Not the same: An'te-^es'sor, n. One who goes before a leader.
2.
different.
One more. 3. Any
In'te-cham'ber, n. A chamber
other ;_any one else.
leading to the chief apartment.
AN'SER-INE, a. [Lat. anserinus, from
;

anser, a goo? e.] Pertaining to, or like,

a goose, or its skin.
In'swer (Sn'ser), v. t. f-ED -ing.]
[A.-S. andswarjan, fr. and, against,
;

and swarjan,

to affirm.]

1.

in cousequence of, something else.

matnematical solution.
3.

An'SWE"-a-ble

(au'ser-a-bl),

a.

1.

Capable of being answered. 2. Obliged

tc answer, pa^ or make good amenable
responsible. 3. Correspondent
hen"", comparable.
4. Suitable
suited; proportionate.
equivalent.

5.

Equal

[answers.

deluge.

n.

Before

a.

One who

the

lived before

the flood.

Xn'TE-LOPE,

n.

[Gr. dv9dko\f/.]

One

of a group of
quadrupeds between the deer

and

[Lat.

nus,

fr.

fore,
and lux,
light.] Being before light.

Antelope.

An'te-me-rid'ian, a

Being before

noon.

with another.

Syn. Enemy;

adversary; opponent;

foe.

AN-TAG'o-NlST'lGja. Opposing;

act-

Being before
the creation of the world
a.

v.

i.

To

act in oppo-

to contend.
,a. [Gr. dvrC, against, and
dAyo?, pain.] Alleviating pain.
Xnt'APH-ro-DI'i-A, a. [Gr. avri,
against, andi'-^poSio-ia/cos, venereal.]
sition

AN-TAL/GK

Having the quality of extinguishing

or lessening venereal desire.
[Gr. ai/rap/m/cos, fr.
avri, against, ard apxros, bear, the
constellation called Northern Bear.]
Opposite to the arctic pole
relating
to the southern pole or to the region

Xnt-AR'TI?. a

near

sation attached to the

heads of insects and
a a Antennas.
w Crustacea.
AN / TE-NUP'TIAL(-nup / shal), a. Being before marriage.
Xn'te-pas'ghal (-paVkal), a. Being
w before Easter.
AN'.te-past, n.
[Lat. ante, before,
and paHus, pasture, food.] A fore,

w taste.

ing in opposition.

An-TAG'o-nize,

AN'ther-al,

/fi

Pertaining

a.

to anthers.

An-thol'o-Gy,

n.
[Gr. dv- a AnOokoyia, from dv&o%, flower, ther.
andAiyeii/, to gather.] 1. A collection
of flowers. 2.
collection oi beau-

tiful

passages from authors.

An'tho-ny's-fjre

(an'to-niz),

n.

The erj sipelas.

An'THRA-c'ite,

n.
[Gr. dvBpaKiTn<;,
fr. av6pa, coal.]
hard, compact
[thracite
w variety of mineral coal.

man.
Xn'thro-pol'o-gy,
7ros, man, and Aoyos,

n.
[Gr. dvOpiodescription.] 1.
human species.
2. The science of man, considered in
his entire nature.
AN/THRO-PO-MOR'PHlgM,*!. [Gr. dv

Natural history of the

AN' THRO-poph' A-Gl,n. pi. Canni

AN'TIIRO-POPH'A-GY, n.
[Gr. av
6pio7ro<;, man, and ipayelv, to eat.
Cannibalism.

In'tig,

n.

a.
;

[From antique.]
fantastic

Odd

ludicrously wild-

buffoon or merry-andrew.
An'TI-CHRIST, w. A great adversary
of Christ.

Xn'tT-ghrTs'tian

(-krTst'yan),^.

opposer of Christianity.
ing Christianity.

An-tic'i-pate,

V.

t.

a.

An

Oppos-

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat. anticipare, fr. ante, before, and

capere, to take.]
1. To take or do
before another.
2. To take up beforehand, or before the' proper time.
3. To foretaste or foresee.
An-tiC'I-pa'tion, n. 1. Act of an
ticipating.
2. Previous view or impression. 3. Preconceived opinion.

AN'te-pe-nult',

[Lat. antepx- An-tIc'1-PA'TIVE, a. Anticipating;

n.
nultimus, fr. ante, before, psene, alor containing anticipation.
[pates.
most, and ultimus, last.] The last An-tIc'i-pa'tor, n. One who anticisyllable but two of a word.
AN'ti-cli'max, n. A sentence or exAN'TE-PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. Of the
pression in which the ideas become
last syllable but two.
n.
The anless important and striking at tho
tepenult,
[time or place.
[contagion.
close.
An-te'RI-or, a. [Lat.] Before in In'ti-gon-ta'Gious, a. Opposing
Syn.
Antecedent prior previous; AN'TI-DO'TAL, a. Efficacious againsS
precedent; preceding; former; foregoing.
poison or other evil.
Anterior is opposed to, and implies,
[Gr. avriSoTov, from
posterior ; the other words are opposed In'TI-DOTE, n.

and Sioovat, to give.]

That which tends to counteract poiavri, against,

to subsequent.

An-te'ri-or'I-TY,

w.

anterior^ precedence.

it.

[Gr. di/^pd?,
flowery, from avOos, flower.]
That part of the stamen
^ containiug the pollen.

fanciful

An'te-mun'dane,

An-tXg'o-nist,m. One who contends

a motet.

n.

0pu>7ros ,

a.

antelucaante, be-

(an'ser-), n.
One who AN-TEN'NA, n. ; pi. AN-TEN'NJ
[Lat.] A movable, ar- a
ANT, n. [A con ti action of emmet.] An
ticulated organ of sen-*
emmet a pismire.
[the stomach.

contrariety of things or principles.

Scriptures

An'tiier,

man and /uop^, form .] Representation of the Deity as having

human form or attributes.
[bals

goat.

AJV'TE-LU'GAN,

An'swer-er

ANT-AC'ID, n. A remedy for acidity of

An-TAG'O-nism, n. [Gr. avri, against,
and ayiov, contest.] Counteraction or

[Gr. dvrifyuva, fr. olvtC,

n.

and cpiovr/, sound.] Church

music adapted to passages from the

against,

AN'THEM,

Xn'te-cOr'sor, n. A forerunner.
An'te-da te n. A date before the true AN'THRA-CIT'IC, a. Pertainiug to autime.
v. t. [-EDj-lNG.] 1. To date An'thro-poid, a.
[Gr. alamos,
before the true time. 2. To anticipate.
man, and eldos, form.] Resembliug

To speak An'te-di-lu'vi-an,

or write in return to. 2. To refute. 3

To be or act in return to.
v. i.
1.
To make response. 2. To make a
satisfactory response; hence, to be
accountable, liable, or responsible.
3. To be or act in return.
n.
1.
Something said or written in return.
2. Something done in return for, or

Destroying or expelling worms.

n.
A medicine which destroys or expels
worms a vermifuge.

State of being

son or other

evil.

XNT'XR-THRtT're, a.
[Gr.
A room forming AN'Tlf-FEB'RlLE or AN'TI-FE'BRILE,
avri, Xn'te-room, n.
against, and dpflpms, gout.] CounterHaving the quality of abating
the passage to another.
a.
A remedy AVtHEL-MIN'TI, a. [Gr. avri, fever. n. A medicine having a
acting the gout. n.
against the gout.
against, and eA/u.i.i's, worm.]
(Med.)
tendency to cure fever.

A, e,

I,

6,0, wlons,

T o, u

Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM PIQUE, FIRM; SON
;

ANTIMASON
AN'ti-ma'son,
masonry,

to free-

[to nionarfchv.
a. Opposed
Of, or pertaining

AN'Tl-MO-NAReH'IC-AL,
An'TI-mo'ni-al,
antimony.
antimony.
to,

An'ti-mo-ny,

a.

A preparation

re.

of

der

[Ax. al-itnmidun, or

gospel dispensation, the

is of no use or obligation.

the

a. Pertaining to the Antinomians.

An'tI-no'mi-an-ism, a. The tenets

of Antinomians.
An'ti-nooiy, or

An-tin'o-my,

re.

ami, against, and

vofios, law.] 1. Opposition of one law
or rule to another. 2. A law or other
[Gr.

di/Tu/Ojiu'a., fr.

Opposing popery.
a.
Opposing
AWTi-PA-pfsT'ie-AL, J
the papacy
a.

An'ti-PA-pist'IC,
or popery

antipapal.

Not accord-

Opposing putresubstance which re-

A-part'MENT, re.

a.

ant with Scripture.

An'ti-sep'TIC,

n.

faction.

a.

Opposition to
[spasm.

w slavery.

An'TI-spas-mod'ic, a.
An'TI-SPAS'TIC, a. [Gr.

Opposing
dimcnrao-Ti.-

Causing a revulsion of fluids

humors; counteracting spasm.

kos.}

An-tis'tro-PHE,

re.
[Gr. avno(Anc. Lyric Poetry.)
Part
of a song or dance, around the altar,

Tpo<j)r).]

performed by turning from the

left

to the right, in opposition to the

stropke, which was performed by
turning from the right to the left.

An'ti-stroph'ic,

Pertaining to

a.

the antistrophe.

E-SEg.

[Gr.

pi.

re.,-

an-tith'a

dim'flecri?,

Having a

a.

natural

setting

against.] 1. An opposition of words

or sentiments occurring in the same
sentence contrast. 2. Hence, any
w thing directly opposed to another.
An'TI-THET'ic,
)
a.
Pertaining

AN'Ti-THET'ie-AL,

contrariety or aversion.
[Gr. di/Ti7rd0eia, fr.
avri, against, and 7ra0os, suffering.]
1. Aversion at the presence of a particular object.
2.
contrariety in
the properties or affections of matter.
re.

Opposing

a.

pars, a part.]

Ap'A-THET're,

A room

from

in a build-

w the doctrine of the Trinity.

Void of

a.

feeling

insensible.

Ap'a-thist,
r

ing

n.

One

destitute of feet*

AP'A-THY, n. [Gr. a7rd0eia, from %

Want,
priv. and ndQos, suffering.]

applied
or a low degree, of feeling
either to the body or the mind.
indifference
Insensibility
S yk.
_ unconcern.
;

APE, ?t.

[A..-S.

Skr. kapi.]

apa,
1.

kind of monkey
having neither a
nor cheek
tail
pouches.

who

2.

One

imitates

servilely.

v.

t.

[-ED -ING.] To
imitate servilely
;

A-pe'RI-ent (89), a. [Lat. aperiens.]

Having the quality of opening laxative.

to antithesis.

An'ti-trin/i-ta'ri-an,

and

[Lat. ab, or a,

ing or house.

w sists or corrects putrefaction.

or

In two or more

3.

An'tI-pa-thet'i,
An'ti-pa-thet'ic-al,

AN-TD?'A-THY,

An-tith'e-sis,

w thing opposite or contrary.

An'tI-PA'PAL,

An/tI-SRIPT'ur-al,

or of distinction.
parts asunder.

An/ti-slav'er-y,^.

n.

A whitish, brittle
aJrHthmudun.]
metal used in medicine and the arts.
An'ti-no'JII-an, re.
One of a sectcharged with maintaining that, unmoral law

APOCOPATE

19

One opposed

n.

n.

Ap'er-TURE

An

A laxative medicine.
(53),

re.

opening through

[Lat. apertura.]
some solid sub-

stance a hole.
An'ti-type, re. That which is pre[Gr. dTreVoAo?,
figured by the type thus the paschal A-PET'AL-OUS, a.
fr. d. priv. and niraKov, leaf.]
Havlamb was a type of which Christ is
_ ing no petals.
the antitype.
Stn. Dislike; contrariety; repugLat. pi.
nance: disgust; distaste.
AW'TI-TYP'KJ-Ali, a. Relating to an A'pex, re. ; pi. A'PEX-E
Top, tip, or summit of
AP'l-fE^.
antitype explaining a type.
An'TI-PHLO-GIS'TIC, a.
Counteranything.
Ant'LER, n. [0. Fr. antoillier, prob.
re. Any medacting inflammation.
from Lat. ante, before.] A start or A-PHEL'ION (-fePyun), n. ; pi. a
icine or diet which tends to check
PHE'LI-A.
[Gr. awo, from, and
branch of a horn of a stag, moose,
inflammation.
fjAios, sun.] That point of a planet's
&c.
An-tiph'o-nal,
) a. Pertaining to
or comet's orbit most distant from
An'TI-PHON'I,
antiphonies, An'VIL, n. [A.-S. anfilt.] An iron
block, on which metals are ham- ^ the sun.
An'ti-phon'kj-al, )
or alternate
APH'O-RlgM, re. [Gr.dc6optcru.6s.] A
mered and shaped.
singing.
precept or principle expressed in a
An-tiph'o-ny, re. [Gr. di/Ti<fccoi/os. Anx-I'e-TY (ang-zT'e-ty), n. Solicifew words.
tude about some future or uncertain
See Anthem.] An anthem or psalm
Syn. Axiom; maxim; adage An
event.
sung in alternate parts a response.
axiom is a self-evident proposition of
An-tiph'ra-sis, re. [Gr.] Use of Anx'ious (tink/shus), a. [Lat. anxhigh importance: a maxim expresses
ius.]
1. Greatly concerned respect;

words in a sense opposite to their

proper meaning.

An-tip'o-dal,

Pertaining to the
diametrically opposed.
a.

ing something future or unknown.

Accompanied with anxiety.

2.

antipodes
Syn. Disturbed; distressed; disquieted; uneasy.
An'TI-PODE, n. ; pi. AN'TI-PODES,
or Aiv-Trp'o-DEg.
[Gr. dvTtVovs, Anx'IOUS-ly, adv. With anxiety.
from dim, opposite, and novs, foot.] A'NY (enfj'); a
[A.-S. anig, senig,
One of those who live on opposite
fr. an, em, one.] 1. Oneoutof many,
sides of the globe.
indefinitely.
2. Some; an indefinite
[popedom.
An'ti-pope, n. One who usurps the
number or quantity.
adv. To any
An'TI-QUA'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to
extent at all.
;

antiquity.

re.

tiquity,

[antiquities.

One versed in
(44), n.
v. t. [Lat. antiquatus.]

To make_ obsolete, old, or Toid.

An'tJ-QUATVED, p. a. Grown old, or
out of fashion

AN-TIQUE',
before.]
fashion.
tiquity.
2.

a.

obsolete.
[Lat. antiquus,
;

ante.
2. Of old
fr.

1, Old; ancient.
Made in imitation of an-

3.

relic

re.

1.

Any

thing very old.

Aph^o-rist, n. A writer of aphorisms.

Aph'o-rist'ic, a. Having the form
of an aphorism.

Aph'thong
85), re.
letters

(Sf thong or ap/thong,

A letter or combination of
having no sound.

Aph'yl-lous^

A-phyl'loPs

or

(117), a. [Gr. dc6v'AAos, fr. d priv. and

A-5'NI-AN, a.
Pertaining to the _<i>vkkov, leaf.] Destitute of leaves.
A'PI-A-RY, n. [Lat. apiarium, fr. apis,
Muses, or to Aonia in Bceotia.
a bee.] A place where bees are kept.
A'o-RIST, n. [Gr. dopioTos, from d
priv. and opos, limit.]
A tense in A-Piece', adv. 1. To each to tho
Greek, expressing an action as com- _ share of each. 2. Each by itself.
AP'ISH, a. Having the qualities of an.
_ pletedin indeterminate past time.
ape hence, foolish silly trifling;
A-OR'TA, n. [Gr. aopTTj, from deipeiv,
great
artery
from
insignificant.
lift.]
The
to
the

WOLF, TOO, TOOK

A-POC'A-LYPSE,

heart.

A-pace', adv.
speedily

Quickly

hastily

[Gr. dn-ayoyi7, a
Proving indirectly

a.

by showing the absurdity of the contrary.

A-PART', adv. 1. Separately

aside.
2. In a state of separation, exclusion,

0RN, RUE, PULE

E,

I,

O, silent

^.d,

soft;

[Gr. a-noKaKvx}/^,
disclosure.]
Revelation
the last
book in the Bible.
A-poc/A-lyp'tic,
| a. Containing
re.

fast.

Ap'A-GOG'IC-AL,
leading away.]

of antiquity.

AN-TTQ'ui-TY(-tik'wi-), re. 1. Ancient

times.
2.
The people of ancient
times. 3. Great age. 4. pi. Any or
all of the remains of ancient times.

OR, do,

great practical truth; an aclarie is a

saying which has gained credit by long

An

antiquary.
AN'TI-QUA'RI-AN-IgM, n. Love of an-

An'ti-qua-ry
An'tI-QUATE,

some

use.

A-po/a-lyp'TI-al,

or pertain-

ing to revelation.

A-POC'O-PATE, v.
To cut off or omit

[-ED

-ING.]
the last letter cr

t.

syllable of.

,G,hard; As; EXIST;

NasNG: THIS

APOCOPE
A-Poe o-PE,n.

A-pos'tle-ship
A-pos'to-late |
AP'OS-TOLMe,
Books which are AP'os-t6l'I-al,

A-PO:'RY-PHA,

bidden, spurious.]

not considered a part of the sacred

canon of the Scripture.

A-po'ry-phal,, a. 1. Pertaining to
the Apocrypha. 2. Of uncertain au^thority; false; spurious.
[Gr. a7rov?, from a priv.
tind 7rovs, foot.] An animal that has

Ap'ODE,n.

no feet.
AVo-DEl-e'Tre,

[Gr.

a.

arro-

from

Ssi/fTiKos,

to cut.]

kotttsiv,

evident beyond con-

(-pos'l-),

n.

Office

of an apostle.
1. Pertaitiing
to an apostle,

a.

2. According to
or to the apostles.
the doctrines of the apostles.
A-p6s'TRO-PHE,n. [Gr.] 1. A turning away from the real auditory, and
addressing an absent or imaginary
2. Contraction of a word by
one.
the omission of a letter or letters. 3.
A mark [ ] used to denote that a
word is contracted.

A-POS'TRO-PIIIZE (162), V. t. [-ED;

-ING.] 1. To address by apostrophe.
2. To contract by omitting a letter
or letters.

tradiction.

A-pod'o-sis,

'

AVo-DEI'Tre-AL,
ano, from, and
Demonstrative

APPETITE

20

[Gr.] Omission of the

last letter or syllable of a word.
n. pi. [Gr. airoKpvtyos
f

n.

[Gr.]

The

or suit from an inferior to a superior

or court for re-exauiinatiou. 2.
Right of appeal.
3. A summons to
answer to a charge. 4. A call upon
a person for proof or decision, or to
grant a favor. 5. Resort; recourse
v. i.
[Lat. appe/lure, from ad. to,

j'utlge

and pellere, to drive.]

move a cause from an

1. To reinferior to a

superior judge or court for re-exam2. To refer to another

hence, to call on for aid.
v.t.
[-ED -ing.] 1. To remove from an
inferior to a superior judge or court.
2. To charge with a crime.
Ap-peal'a-ble, a. Capable of being
appealed.

ination.

A-POTH'E-A-RY, n.
[Gr. a7j-o0T/K7j, Ap-pear', r. i. [-ed-ing.]
apparire.] 1. To come or be in
repository.] One who prepares and
sells drugs for medicinal purposes.
2. To bt5 obvious or manifest.
the

conse-

quent clause or conclusion in a conditional

expressing

sentence,

AVo-thegm

result.

Xp'O-GEE, n. [Gr. a-rroyaio'; fr. aird, AP'OPH-THEGM

short, pithy, and
from, and -yaia, earth.] That point
,

in the orbit of the moon at the

greatest distance from the earth.

(ap'o-them),w.[Gr.

a. Excusatory Ap'o-tiieg-mat'IC-al, J
or defensive.
A-POL/o&ET'l-e-AL, j
an apothegm.
A-pSl'o-get'ics, n. sing.
That aVo-tiie'o-sis, n. [Gr.]
branch of theology which defends
placing a mortal among
the Holy Scriptures, and sets forth
of the gods deification.
the evidence of their divine au- Xp'o-the'o-size, r. t.

A--?OL/0-GET'l,

a sententious precept or maxim.

In the
a.

AP/o-theg-mXt'I,

manner of

the dignity of a deity

thority.

One who makes an Ap-pall',

v.

into

sight.

n.

2.

phenomenon.

Act of coming
A thing seen a
Apparent likeness.
1.

3.

Personal presence.
Syn. Coming
arrival
presence
semblance; pretense; air; look; manner; mien; figure; aspect.

4.

The act of
the number Ap-pear'a-Ble,

Capable of being

a.

appeased.

A-Poi/o-GrisT, n.

To

3.

^eem.

A Ap-pkar'ance,

iw6(f>6eyna.\
instructive saying

[Lat.
sight.

To

exalt to

to deity.

[-eu; -ING.]
to grow or make
t.

[Fr.
pale.]

Ap-pease',

[-ED
-ING, 144.]
and pax, peace.] To

[Lat. a//, to,

quiet.

t.

make

lit.,
Syn. To pacify; allay; assuage;
compose; calm.
To depress or discourage with fear.
Syn. To dismay; daunt; terrify; AP-PEAgE'MENT, n. Act of appeasing.
scare; intimidate.
Xp'O-LOGUE (-log), n. [Gr. inoKoyos.
Ap-pel'lant, n.
A person who
v. i.
To occasion fear or dismay.
makes an appeal.
See below.] A moral fable.
Ap'PAN-AGE,
n. [Low Lat. appanagi- Ap-pl'late, n.
A-POI/O-GY, n. [Gr. airoKoyia, from
Belonging to, or
um, from appanare, to furnish with
having cognizance of, appeals.
aTro, from, and Aoyos, speech.]
1.
bread.] 1. Land assigned by a sover- AVpel-l*a'TIOn, v.
Something said or written by way of
Name by whicl)

apology. _

appalir,

A-POL'O-GIZE, V.
To make an apology.

?'.

[-ED; -ING.]

defense or justification.

2.

Expressed

regret of some improper or injurious

remark or act.

eign prince for the subsistence of his

younger sons. 2. Means of nour-

ishing^

a person or thing

is

Ap-pel'la-tTve,

a.

called title.
[Lat. appel
;

common

Pertaining to a

lativus.]

Xp'pa-ra'tus, n. ; pi. Xp'pa-ra'tus

name.
A common, as disn.
or AP'PA-RA'TUS-Eg. [Lat.] Things
tinguished from a proper, name.
provided as means to some end a AVpel-lee', n.
from, and fyQiyixa, saying.] A short,
1. The defendant
full collection or set of scientific imsententious, instructive remark.
2. One who is prosein an appeal.
plements,
[ing for the body.
AVo-peec'tk;, a. 1. Pertaining to,
cuted by a private man for a crime.
or consisting in, apoplexy. 2. Pre- Ap-PAR'EL, n. [Fr. appareil.] Cover- Xp'pel-lor', n.
He who prosecutes

Ap'OPH-THEGM
AP'O-THEGM

(ap/o-them),n. [Gr.

6.n6$eeyixa.,fv.aTr6,

disposed to apoplexy.

AVo-PLEX'Y,

n.

[Gr. anotrX^ia,

fr.

ano, from, away, and TTXr/o-o-eLv, to

strike.]
A disease characterized by
sudden loss of sense and voluntary
motion.
A-pos'ta-SY, n. [Gr. anoo-TaaCa, fr.
djro, from, and crrrji/ai, to stand.]
A
total desertion of one's faith, principles, or party.
A-p6s'tate,m. One who has forsaken
his faith, principles, or party.
a.
Falling from the faith renegade.
A-POS'TA-TIZE, V. i. [-ED; -ING.]
To abandon one's faith, party, or

profession.

^-pos'te-mate, is. i. To form

an abscess and fill with pua.
ZP'OS-TEME,r(,.

into

[Gr. aTroa-nqfj-a.]

E,

I,

6,u, Y,long; A, 5,1 6,

ft,

137]

To dress or

clothe; to attire.
2. To cover with something ornamental to adorn to embellish.
AP-PAR'ENT (4), a. [Lat. apparere,
apparens, to appear.] 1. Capable of
being seen, or easily seen. 2. Beyond
question. 3. Appearing to the eye,
but not true or real.
1.

Syn. Visible;

distinct; plain: obvious; clear; certain; evident; manifest;

indubitable; notorious. "What is obvious

certain beyond doubt or dispute; what
is plain, clear, or evident, has ample
proof or illustration.

is

Ap-par'ent-ly, adv.

An AVpa-ri'tion

(-pos'l), n.
[Gr. <xtt6<tA person sent
toAos, sent forth.]
forth on some important business;
one of the twelve disciples of Christ
sent forth to preach the gospel.

l,

Evidently

appearance only.

abscess.

A-POS'TLE

Syn.
Clothing; clothes; dress; raiment; vesture; vestment.
or -LED, -LING,
V. t. [-ED, -ING

(-rlsh'un), n.

1.

pearance.
2.
A visible object
ghost a specter.

in

officer

who

n.

Y, short;

messenger or

serves the process of a

spiritual court.
Ap-peal', n. 1.

v.

Removal of a cause

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

[Lat.

appendere, from ad, to, and pendere,

to hang.] 1. To hang or attach. 2.
To add. as an accessory.

Ap-pend'age,

n.

Something added

as subordinate or incidental.

Ap-pend'ant,w. Any thing append-

annexed.
a. Hanging
ed.
AP-PEND'IX,n. pi. AP-PEND'IX-E
SomeLat. pi. AP-PEN'Di-pihs.
thing appended an adjunct an ad;

dition.
-ING.]
[-ED
v. i.
[Lat. appertinere, from ad, to, and
to
pertinere, to pertain.] To belong

AVper-tain',

relate.

Ap'pe-ten^e,
Ap- AP'PE-TEN-CY,

Ap-par'i-tor,

another for a crime.

Ap-pend',

sual appetite.
or select.

Ap'pe-tIte

n.

1.

ral

2.

Strong natusendesire;
to seek

Tendency

n.
[Lat. appetitus. from
appetere, to seek.] Desire of gratification, especially a desire of food or
drink.
,

cAre, far, Ask, all, what; ere, VEIL, trm; pique, fIrm; SON

APPETIZE
Ap'pe-tize, .
an appetite.
Ap'pe-tIz'er,

APSIS

21

[-ed; -ing, 144.] AP'PRO-BA'TO-RY,

apprttiare, fr. ad, to, and pre- AP'pro-ba'TIVE,

a.
Approving.
containing ap
[Lat.
J
probation.
Something which
tium, value, price.] To estimate the
Capable of
creates or whets an appetite.
worth of, particularly by persons ap- Ap-pro'pri-a-ble, a.
being appropriated.
Ap-plaud', v. t. or i. [-ed -ing.]
pointed for the purpose.
[-ED -ING.]
[Lat." applaudere, from ad, to, and Ap-praise'ment, n. Act of apprais- AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, V. t.
plaudere, to clap the hands.]
[Lat. appropriare, from ad, to, and
1. To
ing valuation.
proprius, one's own.] To set apart for
praise by clapping the nands, &c. 2. Ap-prais'er, n.
One who appraises.
a particular purpose, or for one's
Ap-pre'ci-a-ble (-pre'shi-), a. CaTo praise by words to commend.

To

i.

create, or whet,

Ap-praise',

v.

t.

v..

Ap-plaud'er,
Ap-plause',

n.
it.

praise publicly
dation.

AP'PLE

self, to assign.
One who applauds.
pable of being estimated or appreAp-pro'pri-ate a. (45) Set apart
Approbation and
ciated.
for a particular use or person hence,
expressed commen- Ap-pre'ci-ate (-prS'sht-, 95), v. t.
,

[-ED

See
[Lat. appretiare.
Appraise.] To set a price or value
on to estimate justly.

Capable of being

We estimate things when we learn by cal-

(57), n.

[A.-S. seppel.]
1.
well-known tree and its fruit.
2.
The pupil of the eye.

Ap-pli'a-ble,
applied

a.

applicable.

Ap-pli'ance,

Act of applying or
thing applied instrument or means.
AP'PLI A-B1L'I-TY.
n. Quality of
AP'PLI-A-BLE-NESS, )
being applin.
:

cable or suitable.

fit

fit.

To

Capable of
(147), a.
to be, applied ; suitable
[petitioner.
;

;?.

culation their real amount, as profits, &c;

we appreciate when we prize them according to their true value or worth, as a
man's services ; we esteem when we regard
them with moral approbation.

Ap-pro'pri-ate-ness, nl SuitableAP-PRO'PRI-A'TION, n. 1. Act" of set-

AP-PRE'CI-A'TION

(-pr5-shT-), n.

Ap-pre'ci-a-tI've

(-shi-a-tiv),

Ap-pre'ci-a-to-RY (-shi-a-),
Having or implying a just apprecia)

v. t. [-ed; -ing, 142.] [Lat.

applicare, from arf, to, and plicare,
1. To lay or place
to
to fold.]
put, bring, or carrj'. 2. To use for
a particular purpose. 3. To engage
and employ diligently.
v. i. 1. To
suit or to agree. 2. To have recourse.
AP-PdG'GIA-TU'Rk (-pod'ji-), n.

Ap-ply',

[It.] (Mus.) A" passing tone preceding an essential tone or an accented

part of a measure.
Ap-point', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L.
Lat. appunclare, from ad, to, and
1. To fix
to esTo constitute to ordain.

punctum.ii point.]
tablish. 2.

To allot, assign, or set apart. 4.

To proTide with every necessary.
Ap-poixt'a-ble, a. Capable of being
3.

pertinent; well-timed.

Ap-pro'pri-ate-ly, adv. In an ap-

One who applies a w tion.

appli-ca'tion, 7i. [See Apply.] 1. AP'PRE-HEND', I', t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. apprehendere from ad, to, and
Act of applying. 2. The thing apprehendere, to seize.] 1. To seize or
3. Act of making request.
plied.
intenselay hold of. 2. To understand. 3.
4. Act of fixing the mind
ness of thought.
To entertain suspicion or fear of.
Ap'pli_-A-tive, a. Applying.
Syx. To catch; arrest; conceive;
AP'PLT-ANT,

belonging peculiarly.
Syn. Fit; suitable; proper; adapted;

esteem; estimate; value.

Syx.

just valuation or estimate.

aVpli-ga-ble
being, or

-ING.]

imagine; believe; fear; dread.

to believe.
v, i. To be of opinion
Ap'PRE-hen'si-bi.e, a. Capable of

n. 1. Act of seizlegal process. 3.

Mere contemplation of things. 4.
Opinion conception idea. 5. Disw trust or fear at the prospect of evil.
aVpre-hen'siye, a. Fearful; suspicious perceptive.
aVpre-hen'sive-ness, n. Quality
of being apprehensive fearfulness.
Ap-PREN'tiCE, n. [L. Lat. appren-

A taking

by

APPREHEND.]

One

[ness.

ting apart for a purpose. 2. Any

thing, especially money, thus set
apart.
Ap-pro'pri-a'tor, n. 1. One who
2. One who is posappropriates.
sessed of an appropriated benefice.
Ap-PROV'A-BLE, a. Worthy of approbation,
[probation.
Ap-prov'al, n. Act of approving apAp-prove', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
approbare, from ad, to, and prabits f
good.] 1. To think well of. 2. To
prove. 3. To commend. 4. To sanction ofiicially.
;

Ap-prox'I-mate
v.

t.

imare,

come

being apprehended.

AP'PRE-HEN'SION,
ing. 2.

propriate manner.

[-ED

(45),

a.

Near

to.

-ING.]
[Lat. approxad, to, and proximare, to
near.] To carry or advance
;

fr.

near; to cause to approach.

v.

i.

To come near to approach.

Ap-prox'i-ma'tion, n.
An approach a coming near.
Ap-pr6x'1-ma-ti ve
a.
Approximating approaching.
AP'pulse, or AP-pfiLSE', ii. [Lat.
appulsus, from ad, to, and pellere,
;

pulsum, to drive.]
against.

2.

1.

Act of striking

A touching, or very near

moving body.
bound to another to learn a trade or
A striking against by
art. v. t. [-ed;-ing.] To bind Ap-PUR'te-nance, it. That which
See

ticius.

approach.
AP-PtSi/siON, n.

[a

out as an apprentice.
appertains to something else
adAp-pren'tice-ship, n. Condition of
junct,
[by right.
an apprentice time for which he Ap-pOr'te-nant, a.
Belonging to
serves.
AP-POINT'MENT, n. 1. Act of apAP'RI~eoT, n. [From Lat. prsecoquus
[-ED; -ing.]
pointing. 2. Stipulation
arrange* Ap-prIse' (162), v. t.
or prsecox (early ripe), through the
[Fr. apprise. See APPEHEND.] To
ment. 3. Decree established order.
_ Arab.] A fine fruit, allied to the plum.
inform
to give notice, verbal or A'PRIL, n. [Lat. ajnilis, from aperire,
4. pi. Whatever is appointed for use
written to make known.
and_ management.
_ to open.] Fourth month of the year.
Ap-por'tion, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L.
A'PRIE-FOOL, 11. One sportively imSyx. To acquaint; communicate.
Lat. apportionare, from ad, to, and Ap-prTze', v. t.
See Appraise.
_ posed upon on the first of April.
portio. a portion.]
To divide and AP-PROACH',r.
[-ed; -ING.] [Lat. A'PRQN (iVpurn or a'prun), n. 1.
assign in just proportion.
Something worn on the fore part of
ad, to, and propiare, to draw near.]
Ap-por'tion-ment, n. Act of apthe body, to keep the clothes clean.
1. To come or go near.
2. To apv. t. To come near to.
proximate.
^ 2. A cover a boot.
_ portioning.
__

appointed.

AP'POINT-EE',

A person appointed.

n.

?'.

AP'PO-SITE. a. [Lat. appositus, from

ad, to, and ponere, to put, place.]
Very applicable well adapted.
;

AVpo-giTE-LY. 'adv. Properly;

AP'PO-sT'TlON

fitly.

(-zTsh'un), n.
1. Act
2. State of two nouns

of adding.
(one of which explains the other)
put in the same case, without a connecting word between them.
Ap-prais/al, n. A valuation by authority.

do,

wolf, TOO, ook;

fJRN,

n.

1. Act or opportunity of drawing near access. 2. A passage by

which buildings are approached. 3.
;

(Fort.)

pi.

Works thrown up

to

ing approached

Xp'PRO-ba'tion,

Capable of be-

a.

accessible.
n. Act of approv-

ing consent to a thing on the ground

of its propriety
approval.
Syn. License; liking; attestation.
:

RUE, PULL

E,

J,

Ap'sis

n.

si-des.

cover an approach.

Ap-pr6ach'a-ble,

AP'RO-POS'tap'ro-po'), adv. [Fr.] 1,

Opportunely. 2. By the way; to the
purpose.

O, silent

9,G,

soft;

pi.

APi-

[Gr.]

1.

One

of
the two
points in an elliptiApsides,
cal orbit wb ch are
at the greatest and lea?t distance
from the central body. 2. Domed
part of a church.
:

,G,hard; A; EXIST;

NasNG; THIS

APT

ARDUOUS

22

V. i. [-ED; -ING, 144.] Arch-duch'ess, n.

A princess oi
to determine.
1. To decide
2. To
the house of Austria.
Arch-duch'y, w. The territory or
judge or act as arbitrator.
AR'BI-TRA'TION, n. The hearing and
jurisdiction of an archduke or archdetermination of a cause between
duchess.
prompt.
Syit. Appropriate
qualified
in
parties in controversy, by a person Archduke', n.
A grand duke; a
clined
disposed; dexterous; fitted.
or persons chosen by the parties.
chief prince now, strictly, a son of
One who is disposed or inclined to any
n.
1.
A
person
AR'bi-tra/tor,
an
Emperor
Austria.
of
[bow.
thine is apt to do it. He who is apt at
chosen by contending parties to de- ARCH'ER, n. One who shoots with a
any employment is qualified or dexterous.
An apt quotation is one which is appro2.
An ARCH'ER-Y, 71. Art of shooting with
termine their differences.
priate, suitable, or fitted to the case.
umpire. 3. One who has the power
a bow and arrow.
^'TER-AL, a. [Gr. aTrrepos, from a _ of deciding without control.
Sr'HE-TYP'al, a. Of or pertaining
1.
Des- Ar'BOR,. [Lat.] 1. A bower; a seat
priv. and nrepov, wing.]
to a model or pattern
original.
mm
titute of wings. 2. Having columns
shaded by trees. 2. A spindle or axis. Ar'CHE-TYPE, 71.
[Gr. apxeTvnov,
only in front.
fr. apxv, begining, and tvttos, type
Ar-BO'RE-oOs, a. Belonging to. or
Ap'ter-ous, a. Destitute of wings.
AR'BOR-AL,
having the nature
Original pattern
the model from
j
Apt'I-TUDE (53 a), n. 1. Natural or
[blance of a tree.
which athing is made.
of, trees.
acquired disposition or tendency. Ar'bo-res'oence, it.
The resem- Arch-fiend', 7i. The chief of fiends.
docility
2. Readiness in learning
Ar'BO-RES'^ENT, a. [Lat. arborescere, Xrch'i-dj-ac'o-nal, a. Pertaining
aptness.
arborescens, to become a tree.]
to an archdeacon.
ReApt'ly, adv. Properly fitly readily.
Arch'I-e-pis'co-pal, a. Belonging
m sembling a tree.
ApT'NESS, n. Fitness: readiness.
Ar'bo-ret, 11. A small tree; a shrub.
to an archbishop.
AP'TOTE, n. [Gr. own-aiTOs.] An in- Ar'BOR-1-CUL.t'URE, n. [Lat. arbor, Ar-chim / e-de'an, a Pertainiug to
_ declinable noun.
tree, and cultura, culture.]
Art of
Archimedes.
A'QUaFor'tis. [Lat.] Nitric acid.
Archimedean screio, or Archimedes'
cultivating trees and shrubs.

APT,

aptus, from apere, to

suitable.
Fit
2
liable.
3. Disposed customarily. 4. Ready quick
[Lat.

a.

fasten,

1.

fit.]

AR'BI-TRATE,

Having a tendency

A-QUA'RI-UM,1l.;
[Lat.]

An

1.

pi.

ference of a circle or
..

ductus,

(ak'we-).

[Lat. aquse-

aqua, water, and ductus,

An artificial conduit for

fr.
]

1.

A walk

2.

AR-A'NA

pi.

ing.

prefix

or -lin), a.
[Lat.
aquilinus, from aquila, eagle.]
1.
Belonging to the eagle. 2. Curving;
hooked like the beak of an eagle.

native of Arabia.

roguish.

Ar'A-BESQUE

1.

7i.

curve line or
part of a circle.

Arch.

Relating

a.

1.

Arbitrary.

2.

Ar-BIT'RA-MENT,

n.

[L. .Lat. arbi-

Will; determination.
2. Award of arbitrators.
t
AR'BI-tra-RI-ly, adv. By will only.
1.

AR'BI-TRA-RY, a- [Lat. arbitrarius.]

1. Depending on will or discretion.
2. Founded on mere will or choice.
3. Despotic
bound by no law.
Syn. Tyrannical

imperious

sly

humor;
[ness.

__

discourse.]

Science of antiquities

treatise on antiquities.
Ar-cha'ic,
a.
Ancient
Ak-ha'I-al,
quated.
1

Arch-an'Gel,
#>

ii.

highest order.

ARCH-BISH'OP, n
ARCH-BiSH'op-Rtc,

anti-

An

angel of the
[a metropolitan.
A chief bishop
;

Jurisdiction
or diocese of an archbishop.

Arch-dea'con
clesiastical

un-

7?.

(-dJ'kn),

t?.

An

ec-

dignitary next in rank

below a bishop.

Arch-dea'con-ry,
Arch-dea'con-ship,

'*.E, I,5,U, Y,long; X,fi,lt, 6,U, i, short

)
J

n.

Office

and

jurisdiction

CARE, FAR, ASK,

lying far north.

Arc'U-ate,
)a.

Arc'u-a/ted,
Arc'u-a'tion,
^ vexity

[Lat. arcuatus.]
like a bow.

Bent

n.

incurvation.

AR'DEN CY,

?i.

bending

con-

[zeal.

Ardor; eagerness;

Ar'dent,

[Lat arr/ens, burning.]

7i.
Hot or burning. 2. Having the
afquality of fire.
3. Passionate
1.

fectionate.
Fiery: fierce: vehement; eager;
Syn.
zealous; fervid; fervent.
Ar'dor, n. [Lat.] 1. Heat. 2.

Warmth,
tion

or heat of passion or affeceagerness.

[Lat. arduus.]
(29, 52), a.

ARD'U-OUS

of an archdeacon.
;

without the use of a central- point.

[Gr. ap/cri/cos.] Northern;

ARCTIC, a.
;

Ar'HA-Tkivi,7i. [Gr. apxaios, ancient.]

An ancient or obsolete word, expression, or idiom.

limited: capricious.
When a ruler has
absolute, unlimited, or arbitrary power,
he is apt to be capricious, if not imperious, tyrannical, and despotic.

With

shrewdly.

n.

a.

Determinable.

Arch'ly, adv.

One versed ^\rch'ness, n. Sly humor; shrewdin archaeology.

ARC'O-GRAPH, n. [Lat. amis, bosv,
AR'CHjE-OL'O-GY, n.
[Gr. apxaioand Gr ypd&eiv, to write.] An inAo-yta, fr. apxouo?, ancient, and Aoyos,
strument for drawing arcs of circles

Ar'bi-tra-bee,

me

AR^HiE-O-LOG'iC-AL,
#

ing plowed.
Xr'BI-ter,?i. [Lat.] Any person who
has t.ie power of judging and determining, without control.

to

Of, or per-

Any work in that form, or covered AR'CHIVES, 7i. [Lat. archivum.] 1.

by an arch.
-ING.]
v. t. or i. [-ED
Place in which public records are
To form an arch.
kept. 2. Public records and papers.

2.

The language of the

to archaeology.
One versed in Arabic Ar'ch^e-ol'o-gist,

literature.
Ar'A-BLE, a. [Lat. arabilis, from arare, to plow.] Fit for tillage or plow-

tramentum.]

Ar'A-BIC, r\.
Ar'a-bist, n.

mischievsport

in

a.

taining to, architecture.

7i.
1.
Art or
science of building. 2. Frame or
structure.
AR'CHI-TRAVE. n. [Gr. and Lat. arrhi-, chief, and Lat. trabs, beam.]
Lower division of an entablature, or
that part which rests immediately on
the column.

or sly

ous

Adapted

a.

Ar'chi-tect'ure.

used as a
prefix
cunning

(-besk), n. A species of
ornamentation after the Arabian
manner, often intricate and fantastic.
A-RA'BI-AN, a. Pertaining to AraAr'A-bic,
bia, or to its inhabitJ
ants.
[Arabians.

or a

contriver.

AR'CHI-TECT'UR-AL.

much

(-lin

apxi;

Any water
isles,

in architecture

apxi--] Chief: of
the first cllss
p r i n ci p a 1

watery.

2.

Ar'chi-TECT'Tye,

it

[Gr.

many

intends the construction of a build-

a.

(68),

[From Gr.

Aq'UI-line

>

Lat. arcus, bow, arch.]

AR-A'NUM,
[Lat.]
A secret.

ARCH

(a/kwe-us), a. Partaking
of the nature of water, or abound-

n.

fr.

interspersed with
group of isles.

arched ArCH'I-TECT, 71.

[Gr. apxtTfifCTbiV,
above: a range of shops along an
from apx>--, chief, and tcktuiv, workarched passage
man.] 1. One who plans and super-

water.

Ar'AB,

[L. Lat.

n.

A series of arches.

A'QUE-OUS
ing with

Ar'CHI-PEL'A-GO, n.
chief, and TreAa-yos, sea.]

Arc.

areata,

a leading

curve

AR-CADE',

A'QUA-TINT,
n.
[It. acqua tinta,
A'QUA-TlNT'A,
dyed water.] Etching on copper by means of aqua fortis.

Aq'ue-duct

screw, an instrument for raising water,

formed by winding a flexible tube round
a cylinder in the form of a screw.

A-QUA'RI-A. Arc, n. [Lat. arms.']

pond for
Part of the circum-

artificial

aquatic plants. 2. A tank of glass

for aquatic animals.
'A-QUAT'ic,
a.
Pertaining to, or
A-QUAT'I-AL,
inhabiting water.

ALL*,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TfiEMj PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

ARE
1.

High or

lofty.

great labor

ARE

2.

ARRAIGNMENT

23
Attended with

without mistake.
A-RISE', v. i. [imp.

Any
fri-

Arminians.
j

AR'MIS-TlCE,

[Lat.

n.

arma, arms,

stare, to stand still.]

A tempo
rary cessation of arms a truce.
ARM'LET, 11. A kind of bracelet.
ARM'OR, n. [Lat. armaticra.] 1. Defensive arms for the body. 2. Steel
or iron covering of ships.

and

&

armnceus.]

Having the properties of sand

AROSE p. pr.
vbT n. ARISING; p. p. ARISEN.]
[A.-S. arisan.] 1. To come or get up
higher
to mount
to ascend
to
rise".
2. To come into action, being,
or notice. 3. To proceed to issue.
Y
AR'IS-TOG'RA-CY, n. [Gr. dpt(TTOKpatux, fir. apicrros, best, and KparzLv, to
1.
rule.]
government in which
the supreme power is vested in a
privileged order.
2. The chief per-

As

armillarius.]
Ofj or resembling, a bracelet,
consisting of rings or circles.
AR-MIN'I-AN, 11. A follower of Ar
minius, who denied predestinatio"
and the kindred doctrines.
AR-Mi']N'i-AN-IM, n. Tenets of the

dryness.

ARM/FULS..

pi.

11.;

the arms can hold.

AR'MIL-EA-RY, a.
[L. Lat.

parched

A-right' (a-rlt'), adv. Rightly duly

[Lat., sand, a sandy

n.
place.] 1. [Rom. Anliq.) The area
for gladiators, &c, in the central

able.

AR'ib-ness,

.-RE'NA,

2.

Dry

a. [Lat. artdus.]

up with heat.
A-rid'i-ty,
n. Absence of moisture

arefarere.]

part of an amphitheater.

ARM'FUL,
much as

A'ri-an-is_m, n. Doctrine of the Arians.

AR'ID,

_ place of public content.

AR'E-NA'CEOis. a. [Lat.

Arius, who held Christ to be only a

_ a superangelic being.

Present indicative plural of

the substantive verb to be.
A'RE-A, n. [Lat.] 1. Any plane surface. 2. The inclosed space on which
a building stands a sunken space
around the basement of a building.
3. Superficial contents of any figure.
t>
(iir).

-IR'E-fA^'TIOX, /(. [Lat.

Act of drying dryness.

A piece of
iron used to connect the two poles ol
a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order
to complete the circuit.
from armare, to arm.]

A/RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arius, or to

n.
follower of
his doctrines.

difficult.

A-RE'0-L\, n. ; pi. A-RE'O-LJZ.

A
[Lat.]
The colored ring around tae
nipple, and around certain vesicles.
Ar.M'OR-BEAR'ER, . One who carA-RE'O-EAR, a. Pertaining to, or like,
ries the armor or arms of another.
sons in a state.
an areola filled with interstices.
A-RIS'TO-RAT, or AR'IS-TO-RAT, Ar'mor-er, n. One who makes or
AR'e-op'A-Gite, n. A member of
has care of arms or armor.
n. 1. One who favors an aristocracy,
the Areopagus.
AR-MO'RI-AL, a. Belonging to armor,
2. A proud or haughty person.
;

AR'E-OP'A-GiJS, n. [Gr. 'Apet67ra-yos,

lit. hill of Ares or Mars. ] A sovereign
tribunal at Athens.
AR'GAL. ?). Unrefined or crude tartar.
AR'gand Lamp. A lamp in which a
hollow wick is surrounded by a glass
chimney
invented by A. Argand.
AR'g-ent, a [Lat. argeiitum, silver.]
,

AR'Is-TO-eRAT'Le,
AR'IS-TO-CRAT'IG-AL,
sisting

Silvery bright like silver.

n.
white color on a coat of arms.
;

a.
Pertaining to, like,
or containing, silver.
[silver.

a.

Pertain-

tocracy.

AR'ITH-MAN'C Y, or A-RITH'MAN-C Y,
11.
[Gr. dptfyxos,
reia, divination.]

future events, by

number, and fxavThe foretelling of

means of numbers.

A-RITH'ME-Ti', 11. Science of numbers art of computation by figures.

a.
According to
;

AR'gen-tif'er-ous, a. Containing Ir'ith-mt'I-al,

AR'GEN-TiXE, a. Pertaining to, or
arithmetic.
_

like, silver

A-rith/jvie-tt'cian

silvery.

A.R'GIE, n
[Gr. dpyiAAo? or dpyiAos.]
Clay or potter's earth
sometimes
;

AR'GO-XAUT, 11. [Gr. 'Apyovau-rrjs.]

1. One of the persons who sailed to
Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in
quest of the golden fleece. 2. The
nautilus.
[Argonauts.
#
Ar'go-naut'IC, a. Pertaining to the
AR'GO-SY, n. [From Argo. See ARGONAUT.] A large ship, either for
merchandise or war.
AR'GUE, v. i. [-eu; -ING, 144.] [Lat.
arguere.]
1. To use arguments; to
reason. 2. To contend in argument
to dispute.
v. t.
1. To debate or
discuss.
2. To prove.
3. To per^suade by reasons.
<
AR'fiU-ER, h. Adisputer; a reasoner.
AR'GU-MENT (139), n. 1. A proof or
means of proving. 2. Process of
reasoning. 3. Subject-matter, or an
abstract of the subject-matter, of a
discourse, writing, &c.
AR/gu-men-ta'tion, n. Process or
act of reasoning.

AR'GU-ment'A-tive,
ing argument.

ment,
A'Ri-A, n.

One

skilled in arithmetic.
?i.
[Lat. area, A.-S. ark.]
1.
small, close chest. 2. The vessel in

a. 1. ContainAddicted to argu-

[It.]

An

Tot);,

air or

song; a

AR'MO-RY,ft.

^fragrant; spicy.

the deluge.
3.
A iarge boat for
transporting produce.
#>
ARM, n. [A.-S. arm, Lat. armus.] 1.
The limb which extends from the
shoulder to the hand. 2. Any thing
resembling an arm.
3.
Power
might.
4. (Mil.) (a.) A branch of
the military service, (b.)pl. An instrunient of warfare.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] 1. To furnish or equip with
weapons. 2. To furnish with whatever will add strength, force, security,
or efficiency.
3. To furnish with
means of defense.
v. i.
To be
provided with arms or weapons to
take arms.
[armed ships.
Ar-ma'da, n. [Sp.] A fleet of

AR'o-MAT'ie,

AR'MA-DIL/LO,

with an arquebuse.
Ar-Rack', 11. [Ar. araq, from oraqa,

AR-MA-

pi.

11.:

DiL/LOS_.
[Sp., dim. of armado,
armed.] An animal peculiar to South
America, having the body encased in
armor.
AR'MA-MENT, n. [Lat. arm amenta.,]
1. A body of land or naval forces
equipped for war. 2. All arrangements made for the defense of a fortification with musketry and artillery.
3. Guns and other munitions of a
ship.

AR'MA-TURE
pijLL

E,

(53), n.

I,

[Lat.

o, silent

armatura,

c,G,

fragrant plant,
drug, or medicine, having usually a
n.

warm, pungent
A-RO'MA-TIZE,

taste.

or
-ING.]

AR'O-MA-TIZE,

To impregnate
with aroma
A-rose'. Past or preterit tense of arise.
v.

t.

[-CD

prep.
1. On all sides of.
Prom one part to another of.
1. On every side. 2. Here and

A-ROUND',
2.

took urn, rue,

;

which Noah was preserved during

[tuue.

or do, w<?lf,
3

2.

11.

ARK,

pjre clay.
Ir'gil-la'ceoijs,

a.
Partaking of
the properties of clay.
Ar-gil'eous, a. Clayey.
AR'GOL, n. Crude tartar.

(-tish-'an),

or to the escutcheon of a family.

1. A place where arms,
&c, are kept. 2. A place in which
arms
are
manufactured.
#>
ARM'PIT, 11. The hollow under the
shoulder.
__
ARMS, n. yl. [Lat. arma.] 1. Instruments or weapons of offense or defense.
2. Deeds of war.
3. Ensigns
armorial.
AR'MY, 11. [From Lat. armatus.] 1.
A body of men armed for war. 2.
A great number a host.
[cine.
AR'NI-A, 11. A plant used in medial -Kd'MA, 11.
The fragrant
[Gr.]
quality iu plants.
AR'O-MAT'I-e,
) a.
Of, or containAR'O-ivzat'ic-al,, j
ing,
aroma
_

ing to, conpartaking of, aris-

AR'IS-to-te'LI-an, a. Pertaining to
Aristotle, a Greek philosopher.

The

Ar-Gent'AL,

or

in,

adv.

there.

A-ROUSE',
Syx.

v.

t.

[awaken suddenly
[-ED; -ING.]
To

To excite;

animate; rouse.

AR'QUE-BUSE (-bus). 11. [D. haak-bus,

a gun with a hook, or forked re.st.j
A sort of hand-gun.
AR^Ue-bus-ier', 11. A soldier armed

to sweat.]
spirit obtained from
rice or the cocoa-nut-tree, &c.
(-ran'), v. t. [-ED ; -ING.;
[From Lat. ad and ratio, reason, in

Ar-RAIGN'

Low

Lat. cause, judgment.]

1. To
answer at the bar of a
2. To call in question.
Syx.
To accuse; impeach; charge;
censure.
Ar-ratgn'ment (-rtLn'-), n. Act oJ
arraigning.

soft ; , G,

call or set to

court-

hard; As; EJIST; n.o-sngj this

ARRANGE

ASCENDENCY

24

mentary sounds.
v. 7.
[Ar. darcinah, lit.
To uttoi
[-ED; -ING.] [Fr. AR'SE-NAL, n.
A public estabarticulate sounds
to enunciate.
house of industry.]
arrange" from ad, to, and rang,
lishment for the manufacture and AR-Tl'u-LATE-LY, adv. Distinctly
rank.] 1. To put or place in proper
clearly.
storage of arms and military equip2. To adjust or settle.
order.
AR-TKVU-LA'TrON, n. 1. Junction,
ments.
Ar-rAnge'ment, n. 1. Actorresult

AR-RANGE',

V.

t.

state
classification
of arranging
of being arranged. 2. Preparatory
adjust3.
Settlement
measure.
;

AR'SE-NI
from

ment
Xr'RANT,

gray color,

as of bones.

[Gr. apcrevLKov,

(123), n.
apprjv, male,

strength.]

2.

joint, as in cane.

3. Utterance of elementary sounds.

on account of its
metal of a steel AR'TI-FJCE n. [Lat. urtiflciitm from
ars, art, and facere, to make.] Artand brilliant luster. 2. A
_

1.

ful or skillful contrivance device.

virulent poison.
[From Eng. errant,
a.
Belonging
to,
Ar-sen'I,
wandering.] Very bad notorious.
Syn. Stratagem; finesse; deception;
cheat; fraud.
Ar-sen'J-AL,
composed of, or
Xr'RAS, n.
Tapestry; hangings;
Ar-tif'i-cer, n. 1. A skillful workcontaining, arsenic.
first made at Arras in the French
man.
2. One who constructs and
AR-SE'Ni-otJS, a.
Composed of, or
Netherlands.
contrives.
Ar-RAY', n. [0. Fr. arrai, from ad, ._ containing, arsenic.
Part of a Ar'TI-fPcial (-fish'al), a.
[Gr.] (Pros.)
1. Order
dis- AR' SIS, n.
1. Made
to, and rai, order.]
or contrived by art.
foot distinguished from the rest by a
2. An or2. Feigned'
position in regular lines.
a.

derly collection. 3. Dress raiment.

1. To place in
v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
order, as troops for battle. 2. To
3. To set in order,
deck or dress.
as a jury.
:

AR-REAR', n. sing.
Ar-rEars', n.pl.

That

which

is

behind in payment, or re)

mains unpaid, though due.

Ar-rear'age,
AR-REGT',

arrectus.]

[Lat.

a.

AR-reT'ed,|

Lifted

up; raised

greater stress of voice.

n. [From Lat. arde.re, arsum,
to burn.]
Malicious and voluntary
burning
of buildings and ships.
#>
ART. Second person, indie, mode,
pres. tense, of the substantive verb
to be.

n.

Employsome

1.

[.Lat. or.?.]

ment of means

to accomplish

system of rules.
Acquired power of performing

desired end.
3.

2.

certain actions. 4.

Ar-te'ri-ae,

erect.

fictitious.

Cultivated.

3.

AR'S ON,

Cunning

artifice.

Pertaining

a.

or

to,

Xr'ti-fi'cial-ly, adv. By art.

AR-TiL'LER-iST, n. One skilled in
gunnery.
Ar-til'ler-y, n. [L. Lat* artilleria,
from Lat. ars, art.]
1.
Offensive
weapons of war.
2. Cannon
great
guns. 3. Those who manage cannon
;

and mortars.
ART'l-gAN, n.
#>

mechanical

One

skilled

any

in

art.

Art'IST, n. One who professes and

practices one of the liberal arts.

AR-REST', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat. ad,

contained in, the arteries.
1. To
a. Pertaining to, or
to, and restare, to remain.]
AR-TE'RI-AL-'IZE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] Ar-ti'st'IC,
check or hinder the motion or action
To communicate the qualities of ar- Ar-tist'I-AL, ]
marked by, art.
a.
of.
2. To seize by authority of law.
terial
blood
to.
ART'LESS,
1. Free from art or
#>
craft
ingenuous.
3. To engage.
AR'TER-Y, n. [Gr. aprqpLa, fr. alpeiv,
2.
Contrived
without skill or art.
to raise, to lift.]
One of the vessels
[naturally.
Syn. To check; stop; apprehend.
To arrest, like seize, denotes a forcible which convey the blood from the ART'LESS-LY, adv. "Without art
and usually a sudden act. by which we
ART'less-ness,w. Quality of being
heart.
check, stop, or detain. "When we arrest AR-TE'glAN,
artless.
Pertaining to Artois
a.
a criminal, we seize and detain him;
A-RiJN'Dl-NA'CEOtJS,a. [Lat. arvndi(anciently
Artesium),
in
France.
when we apprehend, we lay hold of, for
naceus, from ariindo, reed.] Of or
the same purpose.
Artesian wells, wells made by boring
into the earth till the instrument reaches
like a reed or cane.
n. 1. The taking of a person by
)

authority of law.
taking by power.

2.

Any

seizure, or

Xr'RES-ta'tion, n. Arrest or seizure.

AR-RI'VAL, n. 1. Act of arriving. 2.
Attainment of any object. 3. Person
or thing arriving.

AR-RlVE',

[-ED

-ING.] [L. Lat.

arrivare, from Lat. ad, to. and ripa,
bank, shore.] 1 To come in progress
by water, or by land. 2. To gain an
object by effort, practice, study, &c.
Xr'RO-GANCE, n. [Lat. arroganlia,
fr. ad, to, and rogare, to ask.]
Undue assumption of importance.
v.

i.

importance.

a.

1.

Assuming undue

Containing, or characterized by, such assumption.

Syn.
Magisterial; lordly; overbear-*
ing; presumptuous; haughty.
Xr'RO-gant-ly, adv.
Haughtily
very proudly.
Xr'ro-gate, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
claim unduly to assume.
Xr'RO-GA'TION, n. Act of arrogating.
2.

Xr'RO-ga'tive,
pretension.
n.

Ar'ROW,

n.

and the starch which

I,

Syn. Cunning; crafty;

aRT'ful-ly, adv. With

dexterous.

art;

cun-

ningly,

[ty.

tropical plant,
it yields.

0,U, Y,long; A,

fi',

1, fr,

Ar'un-d'in'e-oO's,

a.

Abounding

in

arvspex.]

reeds.

A-RUS'PICE,

n.

[Lat.

priest, in ancient Rome, whe foretold the future by inspecting the entrails of victims killed in sacrifice.
1. Like; simiXg, adv. [A.-S. ase.]

lar to.

While; during.

2.

In

3.

Art'ful-ness, n. Cunning; dexterithe idea, character, nature, or condiAr-thrit'ig,

tion of.
4. For instance
thus.
a. Pertaining to,
Ar-thrit'I-al, j
asa
or affecting, the Xs'a-fet'1-da,
n.
[N.
Lat.
joints.
As'a-fcet'i-da, j
and La* fatidus,
Ar-tiirT'tis, n. [Gr.] Inflammafetid.]
A fetid, inspissated sap from
)

tion of the joints

n.

the gout.
[Ar. ardl schauki,
An esculent plant
somewhat resembling a thistle.
;

AR'TI-CHOKE,
lit.

earth-thorn.]

AR'ti-cle

(ar'ti-kl), n.
[Lat. articulus, dim. of artus, a joint.]
1.
distinct portion of any writing, consisting of two or more particulars
hence, a clause in a contract, account, &c. 2.
distinct part. 3.

commodity or substance.
Gram.) One of the three words,

particular
4.

a, an, the.
-ING.]
v. t. [-ED
To set forth in distinct articles.
To bind by articles.
;

joints.

[ED;

2. Distinctly

-ING.]

of a joint.

0, Y, short;

a.
1.

2.

1.

to extinguish.]

fibrous vaiiety of

?'.

upon to climb.
As-CEND'A-BLE, a.
;

[ascended.
Capable of being
1. Above the hori-

2. Superior; predominant.
Superior influence. 2. (Ast.rol.)
The horoscope, or that degree of the
ecliptic which rises above the horizon
at the time of one's birth.
As-cend'en-oy, n. Superior or con-

t.

To unite by means
To form into ele-

a.

zon.
n.

v.

hornblende and pyroxene.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
As-CEND', v.
ascender?, from ad, to, and scandere,
to go up to
to climb.] To mount
v. t.
To go or move upward
rise.

As-cend'ant,

Formed with

uttered.

[asbestus.
Pertaining
to
[Gr. aafieo-TOs, fr. a
priv. and trfievvvvai,

a.

n.

1.

Of or belonging to

a.

Ar-ti'u-eate,

the East Indies.

As-BES'TINE,
As-BES'TUS,
As-BES'TOS,

2.

joints.

arewe, areiva.]
weapon ^o be shot from a bow.

E,

Practicing art or stratagem.

Making undue AR-Tle'u-LAR,

a.

[A.-S.

Ar'row-root,
i,

Made, performed with,

characterized by or using, art. 2.
a. 1.

Syn. Haughtiness; lordliness.

Arrogance disgusts by its assumption,
havghtiness and lordliness by their contemptuous claims to superiority.

Xr'RO-GANT,

watc& which, from internal pressure,

fiowsspontaneously like a fountain.

ART'FUL,

1.

trolling influence.

Syn.

Authority;

sway; control.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, "WHAT ERE, VEIL, TERM; FIQUE, FIRM SON
;

ASCENSION

or high place.

[-ED;

t.

n.
[A.-S. xspe, sesp ]
of several species of poplar.
Pertaining to the aspen.

Capable of

a.

being ascertained.

A making or

n.

ascribed.
v.

[-ed; -ING.]

t.

or

salius,
(14).

v.

[-ED;

t.

-ING.]
ad, to,

and injurious charges.

Syn. To calumniate;

slander; defame. To slander and calumniate are to

charge with a crime falsely and knowingto asperse is to cast blots upon the
character of some one; to defame is to
assail reputation by falsehood.
As-pr'sion, n. 1.
sprinkling, as
of water or dust. 2. Calumny.
As-PHALT',
)n.
[Gr. aa^aAro?.]
ly

[Lat.

ascrioere, from ad, to, and scribe.re, to

write.] To attribute to, as a cause
or quality
to impute
to assign.
As-RIP'tion, n. 1. Act of ascribing.
2. Thing ascribed.
Ash, /i. [A.-S. 3BSc]
forest tree.
A-shambd', rt.
[See Shame.] Af-

One who attacks

n.

assault.

[Lat. aspergere, asper sum, fr.

at, and spargere, to strew, scatter.]
To bespatter with foul reports or false

As-cribe',

a.

moroseness.

As-prse'

religious things.
As-CET'I-Cis.:vi, n. Practice of ascetics.
As-lT'J,
a.
[Gr. io-KiTrj?, from

As-CIT'I-AL, ) ao-K-os, belly.] Tending to dropsy of the abdomen.

As-R1B'A-BLE, a. Capable of being

assaults.
a. Assaulting assailing
As-sas'sin, n. [Ar. 'hashishin, lit.,
one who is drunk with hashish.) One
who kills or attempts to kill by secret

[Lat. asperitas,

gaining certainty.

As-cet'ic, n. One who practices undue rigor or self-denial in religious

things.
a.
[Gr. da-KTjrucos, from
ao-Keiv. to exercise.] Undulj rigid in

O ne

As-sail/ant,

from AS-SAS'SIN-ATE, V. t. [-ED: -ING.]

asper, rough.] 1. Roughness of surTo murder by secret assault or by
sudden violence.
[sinatnig.
face, taste, or sound.
2. Harshness
As-sas'sin-a'tion, n. Act of assasof spirit and language.
As-SAS'SIN-A'TOR,
n.
An
assassin.
bitterness
roughSyn. Acrimony
ness sourness tartness crabbedness
As-sault', n. [Lat. ad, to, on, and

As-PER'I-TY, n.

a certainty.

As'cer-tain'a-ble,

3.

of the compass.

-ING.]

[Lat. ac/ y to, and certum, sure.]

1.
To make certain. 2. To find out for

AVcer-tAin'ment,

ASSERTOR

mind.

Position
or situation in relation to the points
to the eye or the

As'PEN,

4. Inclination.

V.

25

As-^en'sion, n. Act of ascending.

As-ENT'. n.
1. Act of rising.
2.
Way by which one ascends. 3. A hill,
AS'CER-TAIN',

As-phal'tum,
umen.

Compact native

bit-

attack

a leaping.]
with blows,

1.

violent

weapons, &c.

violent attack with words, arguments, appeals. &c. 3. (Law.

An attempt to beat another, accompanied by a degree of violence, but
without touching his person.
Attack invasion
Syn.
incursion
descent; onset; onslaught; charge; storm.
2.

v.

t.

[-ed;-ing.]

To attack
physical violence. 2. To
1.

with great
attack with moral means, or with a
view of producing moral effects.
Syn.
Assavlt is the strongest term,
being literally to leap upon; to attack is
to commence an onset; to invade is to
enter upon forcibly or by arms; to assail

As-phalt'I, a. Pertaining to, or

is nearly the same as assaidt.
containing, asphalt.
As-SAY', n. [Lat. exagium, a weighAs-PHYX'l-A, [n. [Gr. do-$via, fr. d
ing, a balance.] 1. Determination of
priv.
and afyvgis,
fected by shame abashed by a con- As-PHYX'Y,
j
the quantity of gold or silver in an
throbbing pulse.] Apparent death,
sciousness of guilt, &c.
ore, or other compound alloy.
2.
or suspended animation
Ash'en, a. 1. Made or formed of ashThe substance to be assayed. 3. A
As-PIR'ANT, a. Aspiring.
One
n.
wood. 2. Of the color of ashes.
trial of weights and measures.
v.t.
who aspires or seeks eagerly.
ASH'ER-Y, n. A place for putting
[-ED -ING.] To subject, as an ore
AS'PI-RATEj'U. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
ashes.
or alloy, to chemical examination.
aspirare, from ad, to, and spirare, to
AsH'Eg. n. pi. [A.-S. asca.] 1. Earthy
v. i.
To attempt, try, or endeavor.
breathe, blow.] To pronounce with
or mineral particles remaining after
As-say'er, n. One who tries or exa breathing or full emission of breath
combustion. 2. Remains of a dead
amines metals.
As'pi-rate
n.
1.
A
letter
marked
body.
(45),
As-sem'bjlage, n. A collection of
with a note of breathing. 2. A mark

Ash'lar,
AsH'LER,

1. Free-stones as they
n.
come from the quarry.
stoues for facing of walls.
A-shore', adv. On or to shore.
Ash'-Wednes'day (-wenz'dy), n.
The first day of Lent.
Asil'Y, a. Ash-colored like ashes.
A -side', adv. On, or to, one side out
of the way apart.
As'l-NlNE, a. [Lat. asininns,fr. asinus, ass.] Belonging to, or having
)

of aspiration (') used in Greek. 3. A

whispered or non-vocal consonant.
Pronounced with a rough
a.

Hewn

2.

breathing.

As'PI-ra'tion, n.
of a letter with a
breath.

2.
v.

the qualities

of,

an

ass.

As-PIRE',

desire with eagerness

2.
to long.
To rise to ascend.
As-pir'ER, n. One who aspires or
;

ascian, acsian.] To request to seek

to obtain by words to petition.
;

Syn. To solicit;

beg; entreat; claim;

require; interrogate.

As-kance',
As-kant',

adv.
ins.]

[D. schuin, schuObliquely side-

(a-sk&V),

adv.

Sideways;

A-slant', adv.
;

In a slanting man-

obliquely.

Asleep', adv.
2.

1.

In a

Dead.

state of sleep.
[scent.
a slope or de-

A-slope', adv. With

ASP. n. [Gr. ao-irls-] A small, hooded,
and poisonous serpent.
As-PAR'A-GUS, . [Gr. ao-7npayo?.] A

culinary plant cultivated in gardens.

n.
[Lat. aspectus, from ad,

As'PECT,
to, and

spir.ere,

countenance

OR, do,

eye obliquely.
Ass, n. [A.-S. as;

sa.]

1.

ruped

Look
Appearance

to look.]

mien.

2.

1.

wolf, TOO.TOQK;

fJRN,

ing; collection; group.

n.
Act of assenting.

Syn.
Consent. Assent is an act of
the understanding, consent of the will or
assent to a statement or a
proposition; we consent to a proposal.

v.i.

We

[-ED

assen-

(14),

v.

[-ed:

t.

-ing.]

[Lat. assertre, assertvm, from ad, to,

serere, to join together.]
1. To
affirm positively.
2. To defend by

and

words or measures.

ad, to, on, an&salire, to leap.] 1. To

attack with violence, or in a hostile
manner. 2. To attack morally.
Syn.
To assault; beset; fall upon.
As-sail'a-BLE, a. Capable of being

Syn. To maintain aver affirm.

assert, against denial, as a right q?
claim; we maintain against opposition,
as_ the ground we have taken; we affirm
with a great confidence or firmness wo
aver in a peremptory manner.
As-sr'tion, n. 1. Act of asserting.
2. Maintenance; vindication.
As-srt'Ive, a.
Affirming confidently.

O, silent

We

As-srt'or,

assailed.
I,

[Lat.

ad, to,

of flattery or dissimulation.

As-srt'

AVsA-FffiT'i-DA, n.
See AsafcetIDA.
As-SAIL', v. t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

E,

-ING.]

and sc-ntire, to feei,

To admit a thing as true.
As'SEN-TA'TION, ii. Assent by way

ing ears. 2. A
dull, heavy, stupid fellow
a dolt.

To

w think.]

having a peculiarly harsh bray,

RUE, PULL

call

As-sent',

tire, fr.

quad-

of
the
family,

horse

[Lat.

together to congregate.
v. i. To meet or come together.
As-SEM'BLY, n. A company of persons collected together in one place.
Assemblage; company; meetSyn.

feelings.

To the corner of the

and long, slouch-

askant.

ner

A-SQUINT', adv.

wise.

A-skeW

bring or

seeks earnestly.

ASK(6),v.t.ori. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.

demand;

Pronunciation
full emission of
Strong wish or desire.
i.
[-ed; -ING.] 1. To
1.

individuals, or of particular things.

AS-SEM'BLE,r. t. [-ED -ING.]

ad, to, and simul, together.]

n.

An

C,G, sq/i ; ,&, hard; A-,EXIST;

affirmer.

NasNG;

Tfiis

ASSESS
[-ED

As-sLss', V.t.

ASYMPTOTE

26
t. [-ED
from ad, to,

[Low As-SO'CI-ATE (-so'shT-^S),^.

-ING.]

Lat. assessare, fr. Lat. assidere, to sit

by.] 1. To tax. 2. To value for the
purpose of taxation. 3. To fix or
ascertain to estimate.
As-sess'a-ble, a. Liable to be assessed.
As-sess'ment, n, 1. Act of assessing. 2.
valuation for the purpose
of taxation. 3. Sum charged.
As-sess'or, n. One appointed to as-

-ING.]

[Lat. associate,

ASTH-MAT'I
Asth-mAt'I-al

)(ast-, as-, orn.tr)

a. Pertaining to

or affected by, asthma.

and socius, companion.] 1. To join
the As-ton'ish, v. t. [Lat. attonare, fr.
2. To unite in
in company.
ad, to, and tonare, to thunder. See
a. Closely connected
same mass.
n.
A
Astound.] To strike dumb with
or joined with some other.
sudden fear, terror, surprise, or woncompanion a mate a partner.
der to amaze.
As-SO'CI-A'TION (-shl-a'shun), n. 1.
Union; connection. 2. Union of As-ton'ish-inr, a. Of a nature to
A
excite astonishment.
persons in a society for some particAs-ton'ish-ment, n. Confusion of
ular purpose.
As-so'CI-A'TION-AL (-sh]-), a. Permind from fear or surprise, at an exsess persons or property.
traordinary or unexpected event.
taining to an association.
AVsETS, n. pi. [Lat. ad, to, and sat
or satis, enough.] Property in pos- As-so'ci-A-TiVE (-sht-), a. Tending
Syn. Amazement; wonder; surprise.
or pertaining to association.
session or money due.
As-TOUND', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [0.
AS-3EV'ER-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] AS'so-nance, n. A kind of imperfect
Eng. astone, to astonish.] To asrhyme.
[Lat. asseverate, fr. ad, to, and sevetonish.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat. AS'TRA-GAL, n.
rus, severe, serious.] To affirm with As-SORT', v. t.
[Gr. da-rpayaAos]
[mation.
ad, to, and sors, lot.] To distribute
solemnity._
A little round molding around a
As-SEV'ER-A'TION, n. Positive affirinto classes.
column.
[starry.
1. Distribution
AS'SI-DU'l-TY, n. Constant or close As-s6rt'ment, n.
Xs'tral, a. Belonging to the stars
application.
intoelasses. 2. Things assorted.
A-STRA.Y', adv. Out of, or from the
As-SlD'u-oDs, a. [Lat. assiduus, fr. AS-sUAGE'f-swaj 7 ), v. t. [-EV> -ING.]
right way wrong.
To A-stride', adv. With the legs apart.
ad, to, and sedcre, to sit.] Constant
[Lat. ad, to, and suavis, sweet.]
allay or lessen, as pain or grief; to AS-TRINGE', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat
in application or attention.
astringere, fr. ad, to, and stringere,
Syn. Unwearied sedulous persevering; indefatigable.
to strain.] To bind fast to constrict.
Syn. To relieve soothe mitigate
alleviate; pacify.
As-TRiN'GEN-CY, n. Quality of beAs-sid'u-ous-ly, adv. Diligently.
Abatement;
ing astringent.
As-SIGN' (-sin/), v. t. [-ED; -ING.] As-suage'ment, n.
mitigation.
[ing easing. As-trin'gent, a. Binding contract[Lat. assignare, from ad, to, and sigA medicine that causes
nare, to mark.] 1. To appoint; to As-SUA's'lVE, a. Mitigating softening.
n.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
vital contraction in the organic textallot. 2. To fix, specify, or designate. As-SUME', v. t.
assumere, fr. ad, to, and sum ere, to
n. One
ures.
3. To transfer to another.
take.]
To take on one's self. As'tro-l ABE
1.
to whom property or an interest is
n.
2. To take for granted.
3. To pretransferred.
[Gr
dcrrpoAd/3os,
To be arrotend to possess.
v. i.
from ao-Tpov, star,
As-sign'a-ble (-sln'a-bl), a. Capable
gant to claim unduly.
and \atxpdve<.v, Adw of being assigned.
AS'SIG-NA'TION, n. An appointment As-SUM'ER, ii. An arrogant person.
An
fieiv, to take.]
An-SUMP'slT,n. [Lat,.] (Law.) A
used of love meetings.
instrument for takto meet
promise or an action to recover daming the altitude of
As'siGN-EE' (aVsi-ne'), n. One to
ages for a breach of a contract or
the sun or stars at
whom something is assigned, [signs.
promise.
As-SIGN'ER (-sin''-), ti. One who assea.

As-sign'ment

(-sin 7 -), n.

1.

As-sGmp'tion

Act of

assigning. 2. Transfer of title or interest or property.

3. Writing by
which an interest is transferred.
[Law.)
As'sign-or' (-si-nor/), n.
One who assigns an interest.

AS-SIM'I-L ATE

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. assimilare, fr. ad, to, and similis, like.]
1. To cause to resemble.
2. To convert into a like substance.

v.

i.

V.

t.

To become

As-SIM'I-LA'TION,

similar.

ii.

Act of assim-

(84), n.

suming; supposition.

1.

2.

Act of asThing sup-

[assumed.
may be
As-syR'ANCE (-shur'-), n. 1. Act of
assuring. 2. Freedom from doubt.
3. Firmness of mind. 4. Impudence
5. Insurance.
As-sure' (a-shijr', 30), v. t. [-ED
-ING.] [L. Lat. assecurare, fr. Lat
posed,

As-stJMP'TlVE,

a.

That

is

or

ad, to, and securus, sure] 1. To

sure or certain. 2. To confirm.

make

3. To covenant to indemnify for loss.

ilating,
[of assimilating.
As-siM'I-LA-TlVE, a. Having power
Syn. To assert; declare; avouch;
protest; insure.
[-EB; -ING.] [Lat.
As-sisT', v. t.
assistere, from ad, to, and sistere, to As-sur'ed-ly, adv. Without doubt.
AS'TER-tsK, 11. [Gr. dtrrepicncos, dim.
cause to stand.] To give support to
;

to succor.

[relief.

As-s'i'st'anoe, n. Help aid succor

As-s'lST'ANT, a. Helping; auxiliary.
;

n.

One who assists.

Ap-SIZE', ii. [From Lat.

assidere, to

See Assess.] 1. Lit., a sitting. 2. A regulation, particularly

about the weight of bread, &c. 3.
Periodical sessions of the superior
courts in the counties of England
v.t.
[-ED;
usually in the pi.
-ING.] To fix the weight, measure,
or price of, by authority.
cit

by.

As-so'ciA-BLE
of being

(-sha.-),

associated.

companionable.
E,

I,

of ao-TTJp, star.] The mark [*J in

printing and writing.
A-st rn', adv. ]. In, at, or toward,
the hinder part of a 6hip. 2. Behind
w a ship.

As-troi/o-ger,
[Gr da-TpoAoyos,

Astrolabe.

n.
fr.

acrrpov, star,

and

One who pretends

Aoyos, discourse.]
to foretell events

by the aspects of

the stars.

Pertaining
a.
As'TRO-LOG'IG,
Asy TRO-LOG'[-AL, j
to astrology.
As-troi/o-gy, n. The science of
predicting events by the aspects or
)

situation of the stars.

n. [Gr. ao-Tpovdfxos,
ixo-rpov, star, and oco/uos, law,
astronomy.
w rule.] One versed in

As-TRON'O-MER,
from

Pertaining
As'tro-nom'ic,
a.
to astronomy.
As'tro-nom'ic-al,
As-tr5n'0-MY, n. The science that
)

teaches the knowledge of the heavenly bodies.

As-TfJTE'
Critically

a.

(29),

[Lat.

astutus.]

examining or discerning.

Syn. Shrewd

discerning

subtle

cunning; sagacious.

AS'TER-OID, n. [Gr. ao-repoiSij?, star- As-tutE'ness, n. Shrewdness cunlike.]

One of the small planets bening: subtlety.
tween Mars and Jupiter.
A-stJN'DER, adv. Apart; separately.
As/ter-oid'al, a. Pertaining to the A-SY'LUM. n. [Gr. ao-vKov, fr. dcrvAo?,
;

asteroids.

As-THEN'IG, a. [Gr. dcrflei/i/cos, from d

priv. and crQevo<>, strength.]
Char-

inviolable.]

An

institution

A place
for

of refuge. 2.
the deaf and

dumb, or the insane.

acterized by debility.
A-SYM'ME-TRY, n. [Gr. dcrvjU.ju.6Tpia,
a. 1. Capable Asth'ma (jtst'ma, aVma, or aVma,
from d priv. and o-v/up-erpia, symrne2. Sociable
[Gr., fr. deiv, to blow.]
A w try.] Want of proportion.
100), n.
disorder of respiration.
AS'YMP-TOTE (sometimes pron. a-

o,v,y, long; A,E,l,

6, 0, , short;

cAre, far, ask, all, what; ERE, veil, trm; pique, fIrm; son,

ASYNDETON

ATTIRE
A

syrn'tot), n.
[Gr. <xcrv|U.7rTa>TOs.]
line which approaches some curve,
but, though infinitely extended,

would never meet it.

A-SYJS' de-ton, n. [Gr.] A figure
which omits the connective, as, I
came, saw, conquered.
%.T,prep. [A.-S. set, Lat. ad.] Primaword expresses the relations
of presence, nearness in -place or time,
rily, this

or direction toward.
From this
original import are derived all the

.Xt'OM-IST, n. One who holds to the

atomical philosophy.
[-ED -ING.] [From
t'. i.
at one, i. e., to be, or cause to be,
at one.] To stand as an equivalent

A-tone'.

toexpiate.
n. 1. Reconciliation.
Satisfaction by giviDg an equivalent for an injury expiation.
2.

A-TOP', adv. At or on the top above.

AT/RA-BI-LA'Rl-otrs, a.
[Lat. aira
bilis, black bile.]
Affected with mel;

at,

The

appendages.

or

2.

some

state or condition.
3. The relation of some emrelation
ployment or action. 4.
of degree. 5. The relations of occasion, reason, consequence, or effect.
Xt'a-bal,, n. [Ar. at--tabl.]
ket-

relation of

_ tie-drum

a tabor.
of Eat. See EaT.
A'the-ism, n. A disbelief in the being
_ of a God.

ATE,

pret.

A'THE-IST,

[Gr.

n.

God.] One
_ of God.

who

afleos,

without

denies the existence

A/THE-isT'I,
A'THE-lST're-AL,

Pertaining to

Black, like ink

A-tro'cious,

[Lat.

a.

mentum,

alraink.]

inky.

very wicked.

try.]

to

To make trial
2. To make an

1.

or experiment of.
An essay, trial,
attack upon.
n.
or endeavor
an effort to gain a

point.

Syx.

FlagiSyx.
Flagitious ; flagrant.
tious points to an act as grossly wicked or
vile; flagrant {literal!}/, flaming) marks
the vivid impression made upon us by
some great crime; atrocious represents it
as springing from a violent and cruel
spirit.

A-tro'cious-ly, adv. Enormously.

A-TROC'I-TY, n.
Extreme heinous;

to dis

[Lat. atrox, cruel.]

a.

Extremely heinous

ness

stain

tare,

1. The relation
outward situation, or of attendant It'ra-men'toOs,

circumstances

To

1.

A-TONE'MENT,

which denotes,
ancholy.
of an external or AT/RA-MEN'TAL,,

various uses of

ATTAINDER]

grace.
2. (Law.) (a.) To taint or
corrupt, as blood, (b.) To taint, as
the credit of jurors, n. A stain,
spot, or taint.
AT-TEM'PER, V. t.
[-ED
-ING.]
[Lat. attemper ar e ,fc. ad and temperare, to temper.]
1. To reduce or
qualify, by mixture.
2. To soften.
to adapt.
3. To make suitable
AT-TEMPT' (84), v. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. attentate, from ad, to, and ten-

Trial

the generic term; atbeing directed to some

is a continued or repeated attempt; an effort
and exertion is a straining of the faculbeing
the
stronger
term.
ties, the latter

tempt

At-tend',

an endeavor

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

ad, to. and tendere, to
to
go
or stay with
To
to serve to accompany

v.

attend ere,

t.

fr.

stretch.]

wait on
to be united to.
v. i.
attention to heed.
2.
;

enormity, as of guilt.

AT'RO-PHY, n. [Gr. arpo^Ca, from a

priv. and rpe^eii/, to nourish.]
A
wasting away from lack of nourish-

is

is specific,

definite object;

To pay

1.

To wait

or

be in waiting.

] a.
Syx. To listen; hearken. We at}
atheism; denyment.
tend with a view to hear or learn; we
At-tach', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Fr.
God impious.
listen with a view to hear correctly or to
consider. Hearken is to hear with inattacker ; Eng. tack, to fasten.] 1. To
XtH'E-NE'UM,
11.
[Gr. 'KBr)valov,
terest, and with reference to obeying.
bind, fasten, or tie. 2. To take by
ATH/E-NJE'UM, } a temple of Athlegal authority. 3. To take -or seize At-tend'ance (159), n.
ena at Athens.] 1. A literary or
1. Act of
scientific association.
2. A public
by force. 4. To connect.
attending or being in waiting.
2.
library and reading-room.
Persons attending a train a retSyx. To fasten; affix; win.
A-THE ' NI- A N a. Pertaining to Athens A TTACHE (at'ta'shu'), n. [Fr.] One
inue.
in Greece.
attached to the suite of an embassa- At-TEND'ANT, a. Accompanying or
A-thIrst' (18), a. 1. Thirsty. 2.
connected, as
consequential. n.
dor.
Having a keen desire.
One who, or that which, attends.
At-tach'ment, ii. 1. Act of atATH'LETE, n. [Gr. aflATjnjs fr. a0Aos,
At-ten'tion,
1. Act of attendn.
taching or state of being attached. 2.

ing a

aQKov, prize.] A contender for victory in wrestling, &c.

ATH-LET'I, a. Belonging to wresthence, strong vigorous.
ling, &c.
adv.
Across.
A-THWART', prep.
1. Sid'ewise.
2. So as to cross and
perplex.
A-TILT', adv. 1. So as to make a
;

With one end raised.

At'lan-te'an, a. Pertaining to or
thrust.

2.

resembling Atlas.

At-lan'tes,

n. pi.

Figures of men,

used to support an entablature.

AT'LAS,

AT'LAS-ES. 1. A colof maps. 2. A volume of

3. A kind of large drawing

n.

lection
plates.

pi.

paper.

X.T'iVlos-PHERE, . [Gr. aTjuds, vapor,

and cr^aipa, sphere.] 1. The aeriform
2.
fluid surrounding the earth.
Pressure of the air on a unit of
surface.

Ar'MOS-PHER'ie,
AT'MOS-PHER're-AL,

}
)

a.

Relating to
the atmos-

phere.

AT'OM,

n.
[Gr. a-rofios, indivisible,
fr. a priv. and ri^veiv, to cut.]
1.
An ultimate or a constituent particle

of matter.

2.

Any

thing extremely

small.

Any

affection that binds a person. 3.

That which attaches. 4. An adjunct.

5. Seizure by legal process or a writ
for this purpose.
At-tack', v. t. [-ED:

-ING.]

[See

ATTACH.] To fall upon with

Syx. To assail; assault. To

force.

attack

commence the contest; to assail {literally, spring at) is to attack suddenly;

to assault {literally, leap upon) is to attack violently: to invade is to enter by
force on what belongs to another.
is to

n.

Assault

onset; inroad; charge.

AT-TAIN', v. i. [Lat. atlinere, to hold
to, and attingere, to touch, reach.]
To come or arrive, by motion or efforts; to reach.
v. t. [-ED; -ING]
1. To reach by efforts
to gain to
compass. 2. to equal.
S yx.
Obtain acquire.
To ohtain
is generic, viz., to get possession of
to
attain, is to arrive at or reach something
aimed at and Hdis obtained, as knowledge, or one's object; to acquire is to
make one's own by progressive advances,
as property or a language.
;

At-tain'A-ble,

a.

attained.

OR, do,

n.

Doctrine of atoms.

Act of civility-

2.

Syx.

Care;

heed; consideration

re-

spect; regard; notice.

AT-TENT'ive,
Syx.

Full of attention.

a.

Heedful

mindful;

intent

regardful

civil; polite.

AT-TENT'IVE-LY, adv.
heedfully

Cheerfully

diligently.
n. State of being

At-tent'ive-ness,
attentive

carefulness.

At-ten'u-ant.

Making

a.

less viscid

thinning.
n.
A medicine
thins or dilutes the fluids.

AT-TEN'U-ATE,

f,

f.

[Lat. attenuatus,

fr.

is, thin.] _ To make

AT-TEN'U-A'TION, n.

that

[-ED;

-ING.]
ad, to, and tenuthin, or slender.

A making

thin,

or slender.

At-test',

v.

[-ed: -ING.]

t.

[Lat.

to, and testis, witTo bear witness to. 2.

To give proof of. 3. To call to wit-

from ad,

attestari,

ness.]

1.

ness.

At'test-a'tion,
mony.

Capable of being fAT'Tre,

Greece.

a.

Official

n.

testi-

Pertaining to Attica, in

Attic

wit,

Attic

salt,

At-TAIN'DER,w. [Fr. atteindre. See

poignant, delicate wit.
n. A story
ATTATN.] Act of attainting.
w in the upper part of a house.
AT-TAIN'MENT, n. 1, Act of attain- AT'TI-Ojpm, n.
Peculiar style or
ing, or obtaining.
2. That which is
idiom' of the Greek language.
At-tire',

attained, or obtained.

At'OM-ism.

ing.

At-taint',

wolf, too, took; urn, rue, pull

E,

v.
I,

t.

[-ed; -ING.

o, silent

c,G,

See

so/i;

-e,

attirer.]

v.

To

t.

[-ED

dress

g, hard; AS; EIST;

-ING.]

to array.

[O.Fr.

n.

NasNG;

1.

this.

ATTITUDE

AUTHENTICITY

28

Clothes; ornamental dress. 2. Horns

dere, to dare.]
straints of law

Contemning the

re-

bold in wickedness.
t'ti-tude (53), n. [For aptitude.] Au-DA'ciotJs-LY, adv. Impudently.
Au-DAC'I-TY, n. 1. Daring spirit or
Posture or position of a person.
Presumptuous im2.
resolution.
Syn. An attitude, like a gesture, is
pudence.
suited, and usually designed to express,
some mental state, as an attitude of
Hardihood boldness; impuSyn.
wonder, &c. a posture is either not exdence. Hardihood and boldness may be
pressive, as a reclining posture, or is less
used either in a good or bad sense, the
of a buck.

artistic.

former indicating a disregard of consequences, the latter more of spirit and en-

AT-TOR'NEY

(-tar'ny) (148), n.
[0.
Fr. attornc, fr. Lat. ad, to, and tornare, to turn.] One legally appointed
by another to transact any business
for him.
AT-TOR'NEY-SHiP(at-tur-ny-), n. Of-

of an attorney.
[L.
[-ED -ING.]
V. t.
Lat. attractare, from Lat. ad, to, and
To draw or cause
trakere, to draw.]
to tend toward to draw to, or cause
to adhere or combine.
To allure to invite to engage.
Syn.

fice

AT-TRAGT',

At-tract'a-ble,

a.

Having power

ii.

1.

to

attract.

At-trag'tion,

An

invisible

power in a body by which it draws

any thing to itself. 2. Act of at3. Power or act of allurtracting.
ing, or engaging.
a. Having the powe-r
of attracting.
Syn. Alluring; enticing; inviting.
At-tragt'ive-ly, adv. With the
power of attracting.
At-tract'ive-ness, n. Quality of
being attractive.

A'i>TRAT'iVE,

At-tragt'or, n. One who attracts.

Xt'tra-hent, n. That which at[being attributed.
Capable of
a.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. attribuere, attributum, from ad,
To conto, and tribuere, to bestow.]
sider as belonging to
to ascribe to.
Syn.
To impute; refer; charge.
tracts,

At-trib'u-ta-ble,
AT-TRIB'UTE, V. t.

A thing that
(119), n.
be attributed inherent quality necessary property.
AtVtri-bu'tion, n.
Act of at1.
tributing. 2- Quality attributed.
.ItVtrib'u-tive, a.
Relating to, or

At'tri-BUTE

may

[L. Lat. audibilis, fr.

a.
" audire,
to hear.]' Capable of being
heard.
Au'di-ble-ness, n. Quality of be"
[heard.
ing audible.
Au'di-bly, adv. In a manner to be
Au'di-ence, n. 1. Act of hearing.
" 2. Admittance to a hearing. 3. Assembly of hearers.
Au'DlT, 11. [Lat.. fr. audire, to hear.]
"
An examination of accounts by pro-

per

Au'RA,

n. ; pi. au'rje.
subtile, invisible fluid,

Any

[Lat.]

supposed to

flow from a body.

Au'ra-ted,

Ro-

[Lat. auratus.]

a.

sembling gold.

Au-re'o-la, n. [Lat. aureolus, dim.

Au'RE-OLE,
of aureus, golden.
" The circle of rays, with
which pair.fc)

Au'DI-BLE,

Capable of be-

a.

ing attracted.

At-tragt'ile,

terprise.

Pertain
[Gr. avAixos.]
a.
ing to a royal court.
[Lat. amila.]
fa(ant), n.
ther's or mother's sister.

Aunt

and

"

dignified

Au'LIG,

officers,

v.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

ers surround
saints, &c.
Au'Rl-GLE, n.
"
of auris, ear ]
2.

body of

the

Christ,

[Lat. auricula, dim.

1. The external ear.

One of two

sacs at the base of the

heart.

Au-Ri'u-LAR,

a.
Pertaining to, or
told in, the ear.
[ear.
Au-RiG'u-LATE, a. Shaped like an
AU-RlF'ER-ous, a. [Lat. aurifer, fr.
auruin. gold, and ferre, to bear.]

Yielding gold.

To examine and adjust, as accounts.

Au'dit-or, n. 1. A hearer. 2. One Au'ri-form, a. [Li^t. auris, ear, and
"forma, form.] Ear-shaped.
" authorized to adjust accounts.
Au'RlST, r>
One skilled in disorders
Au'di-to'ri-Dm, n. The portion of "
of the ear.
" a public building in which the au
Au-RO'ra, n. [Lat.] 1. The dawning
is
dience

placed

light.

Au'bit-or-ship, n Office of auditor.

AU'dit-O-RY, a. Pertaining to the
""

sense of hearing. n.

AU-GE'AN,
"

An audience-

Belonging to Augeas

a.

or his stable, which contained 3000

oxen

hence filthy

Au'GR,.
" borer.]

dirty.

[A.-S. auht, Goth.

Any

thing.
AUG-MENT', r. f. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
augmentare, fr. augere, to increase.]
To enlarge or increase to make bigger.
v.i. To grow larger.
Aug'ment, n. 1. Enlargement; insign of
crease. 2. ( Grr. Gram. )
past time.
Aug'men-ta/tion, n. Act of aug" menting, or state of being augment;

also northern lights.

a.
Belonging
sembling, the aurora.

ed; enlargement.
a.

or re-

to,

n.
[Lat. auscul.
tat'to, fr. auris, ear.] Act of listening,
especially to sounds in the chest, by

means of a stethoscope.
Au'SPlCE, n. ; pi. AU'SPl-CEg. [Lat.
" auspicium.]
Omens; augury; favor shown patronage.
Au-spPcioCs (-spish'us). a. Having
"
omens of success or favorable ap;

pearances.
Prosperous; fortunate; lucky;
Syn.

AUG-MENT'A-TIVE,

species of crowfoot.

Au-r6'ral,

[A.-S. nafegar,]it.,&na,\ecarpenter's tool to bore

(awt), n.
vaihts, a thing.]

Aus'gul-ta'tion,

holes with.

Aught

2.

Auroira borea/lis, a luminous meteoric

phenomenon, seen only at night; called

Having the

quality of augmenting.

favorable; propitious.

Au-SPPcious-LY
"

adv.
prosperous-

(-spjsh'us-).

With favorable tokens

ly

happily.

Au-STERE',

[Gr. cwcmjpo?.]

a.

1.

Sour with astringency.

modes of judging,

2. Severe in
living, or acting.

Au'GUR, n. [Lat.] One who pretendSyn. Rigid; harsh; rough; stern.

"
to foretell future events by the
Au-STERE'LY, adv. Severely rigidly.
an attribute.
n.
A ed
flight of birds, &c.
a soothsayer.
Severity of manAu-STER'I-TY,
n.
word_ denoting an attribute.
[-EB -ING]
To conjecture or
v.
AT-TRITE', a. [Lat. altritus, from ad,
ners or living strictness.
foretell by signs or omens.
to, and terere, to rub.]
Worn by Au'gu-ral, la, Pertaining to au- Au'STRAL, a. [Lat. auster, south
"
rubbing or friction.
wind.] Of or tending to the south
Au-GU'RI-AL,
gurs or augury.
At-trPtion (-tnsh/un), n. 1. Act Au'GU-RY,n.
southern.
1. A foretelling of events
)a. [Gr. av6ei>->of wearing by friction. 2. State of
AU-THEN'TIG,
" by the actions
of birds, &c. 2. An
being worn.
Of apAu-then'tig-al,
/cos.]
omen prediction.
to be relied on.
At-tune', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From
authority
proved
Au-gOst", a. [Lat. augustus, fr. auad, to, and tune.] 1. To put in tune.

certain; faithful: crediTrue;

Syn.
gere, to increase.]
Creating extraAuthentic and
2. To arrange fitly.
ble; reliable; genuine.
ordinary respect and" veneration.
genuine were once used as convertible
Au'burn, a.
[Low Lat. alburnus.]
distinction is now mada

expressing,

Reddish brown.

Aug'tion,

n. [Lat. audio, fr. augere,

to increase.] A public sale of property
to the highest bidder a vendue.
Au'tion-a-ry, a. Belonging to an
auction.
;

Aug'tion-eer',
auction.

v.

Au-DA'ciotJS,
A.-.

I,

t.

a.

n.

To

One who

sells

by

Syn. Grand; imposing; majestic.

Au'gust, n. Eighth month of the
a.

Pertaining to Au-

gustus or to his times.

n. Dignity
grandeur.

Au-gGst'ness,

majesty

by auction. Au-EET'IG, a. [Gr. avArrrtKos, from

audax, fr. auaiiAds, flute.] Pertaining to pipes.

sell

[Lat.

authentic history, a genuine manuscript.

year.

Au-GiJs'TAN,

O, U, Y, long; A, E,

1,

6, U, Y, short;

terms, but a
between them, the former being opposed
to fahe, and the latter to s/niriovs, as, an

AU-THEN'TI-GATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]

To establish by proof, [thenticating.
Au-then'ti-ca'tion, n. Act of auAu'then-tTc'i-ty, n.
Quality of
" being authentic
uineness-

reliability

gen-

CARS, FAR, AsK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM PIQUE, FIRM SON,
;

AUTHOR

AWARD

29

AU'THOR,

n. [Lat. auctor, fr. augere,

to increase, produce.] 1. Beginner or

"

AUX-Il'IA-ry,

a.

[Lat. auxiliaris,fr.

augere, to increase.] Helping; assistn. 1. A helper an assistant

ing.
csp. in the pi., foreign troops in the
service of a nation at war. 2. A verb
helping to form the moods and tenses
Au-THOR'I-TA-TIVE, a.
1.
Having
ofother verbs.
A- VAIL', v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat. ad,
authority. 2. Positive.
to, and valere, to be strong, to be
Au-thor'i-ta-tive-ly, adv. With
worth.]
To profit to assist to
authority positively.
promote.
v. i. To be of use or adAu-THOR'i-ty, n. 1. Legal or rightAdvantage; use;
vantage.
n.
ful power-; rule influence credit.
pl._, profits or proceeds.
2. pi. Sayings which carry weight
A-vaii/a-b'il'i-ty, )n. State of bepersons in power.
ing available.
Force; rule; sway; command; A-vail'a-ble-ness, )
Syn.
dominion; control; influence; warrant. A-vail'a-ble, a. 1. Capable of being
EstablishAu'thor-i-za'tion, n.
profitable able
used to advantage
ment by authority.
toeffect the object valid.
AU'THOR-IZE, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. A-vail'a-bly, adv. With success or
"
To
leauthority.
2.
with
clothe
To
effect.
galize. 3. To establish by authority. AVA-LXN9HE', n. [Fr.,from Lat. ad,
"
[author.
4. To give authority to.
A vast body
to, and vallis, valley.]
Au'thor-ship, n. State of being an
of snow, ice, or earth sliding down a

former of any thi og

creator originator. 2. One who writes a book.

Au'thor-ess, n. A female author
"
or writer.
;

'

Au'TO-Bl-o&'RA-PHER,
" writes a

life

One who

n.

of himself.

mountain.
Av'A-Ri'^E n. [Lat. avaritia,
,

avere,

fr.

PerAu'To-Bi'o-GRXPH're-AL, a.
Excessive love of gain.
to covet.]
"
taming to autobiography.
Greedy
Av'A-Ri'ciotJs (-rish'us), a.
AU'TO-BI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Or. avTO?,
after wealth or gain.
"
self, and Eng. biography.} A memoir

parsimonious;
peCovetous;
Syn.
or biography of a person written by
niggardly. The
miserly
nurious
;

covetous eagerly desire wealth, even at

the expense of others; the avaricious
hoard it the penurious, parsimonious,
and miserly save it by disgraceful selftrolled authority.
denial; and the niggardly, by meanness
in their dealings.
AU'TO-CRAT, n. [Or. atnwpa-nfc, fr.
"
adv.
avros, self, and /cparos, strength.] AV'A-Ri'cioDs-LY
(-rish/us),
An absolute prince or sovereign.
Covetously greedily.
Au'TO-^RXT'ie, a. Absolute.
AvA-ri'cious-ness (-rish'us-), n.
AXT'TO-DA-FE* (-fa'), n. [Pg.] 1.
Undue love of money, [hold stop.
Punishment of a heretic by burning. A-VAST', interj. [D. hand'fast.] Cease;
2. The sentence then read.
Av'A-TAR', n. [Skr. aiatara, descent.]
AU'TO-GRXPH, n. [Gr. avTOypa^os,
An incarnation of a Hindoo deity.
Begone.
fr. avrds, self, and ypd^eLv, to write.] A-VAUNT', inter).
person's own hand-writing; an A'VE-MA'RY, n.
prayer to the
original manuscript.
Virgin Mary, beginning Ave Maria
Pertaining ^ [Hail, Mary.]
Au'to-grXph'I,
) a.
Au'to-grXph'I-al, J to, or con- Av'E-NA'CEOtis, a. [Lat. avena, oats.]
"
sisting in one's own handwriting.
Relating to oats.
person's own A-VENGE', v. t. [0. Fr. avengier, from
AU-TOG'RA-PHY, n.
writing.
[-ED;-ING.j To
Lat. vindi care.]
Au'TO-MAT'ie,
vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on
| a. Pertaining to,

himself.

Au-TO'RA-CY, n. An absolute govunconernment by one person

"

AU'TO-MAT'ie-AL,
"
by, an automaton
AU-T5M'A-TON, n.

or

performed

the wrongdoer.

Lat.

self acting.

pi.

AU-TOM'A-

AU-T&M'A-TA.

pi.

or right of self-government.

Au'TOP-SY,

"and

ovfas,

n. [Gr. avrov^ia,

sight.]

fr. civtos,

post-mortem

examination.

Au'TO-TVTPE,n. [Gr. avro?, self, and

tJtto?, an impression.] (Photog.) A
photographic transcript of a picture,

by a certain process.

Au'TUMN

[Lat. auc(aw'tum), n.
tumnus, from augere, to increase, to
The third
furnish abundantly.]
season of the year fall.
Au-tOm'NAL, a. Of or belonging to
;

autumn.

wide street.

A-VR'

(14), v.

Syn.

protest; avouch.
1. Medial
conproportion. 2. According to the laws of average.
n.
See AVER.] A mean pro[0. Fr.
portion
medial sum, quantity, or
estimate.
[-ED -ING.] To
v. t.
reduce to a mean to proportion.
v. i.
To be or form a medial sum or
;

(45), a.

mean

quantity

or,do WOLF,TOO,'-^k; URN, RUE, PULE;

]

[-ED; -ING.] [Low

To affirm

taining a

Positive assertion
[See Avert.]
I

Having a repug
nance or opposition of mind.
backward; reSyn. Disinclined

Turned away.

2.

Averse is stronger than disinluctant.

clined and backward, but not so strong
as reluctant.

A-vErse'ly, adv.

Backwardly.

1.

2.

Unwillingly.

A-ver'sion,

Opposition of mind

n.

dislike.

reluctance ; repugDisgust is a repugnance; antipathy.

nance of feeling or taste; antipathy is
properly a constitutional disgust, thougn
sometimes an acquired one.

Syn.' Disgust

[-ED; -ING.j
v. t. or i.
[Lat. avertere, from a, ab, from, and
To turn or cause
vertere, to turn.]
_ to turn off, aside, or away.
[Lat. aviarium]
A'VI-A-RY, n.
inclosure for keeping birds.
An
A-vid'i-ty, n.
[Lat. aviditas.]
intense desire ; strong appetite.
Av'o-CA'tion, n. [Lat. avocatio, fr.
a, ab, from, and vocare, to call.]
Aside business that calls off.

A-vrt',

An

B3- Sometimes improperly used

for

vocation.
A- VOID', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Prefix
a and void.] 1. To keep at a distance
from. 2. To make void.
Avoid is negative;
To shun
Syn.
;

it is

Shun is
Prudence

simply to keep away from.

positive;

it

turn from.

is to

may

induce us to avoid, fear or dislike

We avoid bad habits;
lead us to shvn.
we ought to shun vices.

A-void'a-ble

a.

(157),

Cap_hle ot

being avoided.

A-void'an^e

n.

AV'OIR-DU-POIS'
or a.

[Fr. avoir

fixed) weight.]
to the pound.
v. t.

A-vouch',

Act of avoiding.
(av'er-du-poiz'), n.
poids, to have (p

du

A weight of 16 ounces
[-ed;-ing]

[Lat.

advocate, from ad, to, and vocare, tc

] To declare positively.
[Fr.
[-ED -ING.]
A- VOW, v. t.
avouer, fr. Lat. ad, to, and vovere, to
vow.] To declare openly to own.
A-VOW'AL, n. An open or frank
call.

In an avowed
manner openly.
A-VOW'ER, n. One who avows.
A-vow'ei>-ly, adv.
;

[Lat. avulsio, from a

n.
for ab, from, and vellere, to pluck.]
tearing asunder forcible separation.
A-wait', v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To
wait for. 2. To be in store for.
AA- WAKE', V. t. [imp.
p. pr.
p. p.
vb. n. AWAKING.] 1. To rouse from
2. To put into action or new
sleep.
life.
v. i.
To cease to sleep; to
come out of a state resembling sleep.
Not sleeping in a state of
a.

A-vul'sion,

AWOKE,

t.

Lat. ave.rare, from ad, to, and verus,

true.]
To declare positively.

AVer- AGE

A-VEr'MENT, n.
A-vErse' (14), a.

declaration.

Syn.
Revenge.
It may be right to
avenge injuries, but never to indulge
revenge, which is a spirit of malicious
resentment.
[Gr. avrofiarov, from avros, self, and
machine moved A-VENG'ER, n. One who takes venHaeiv, to move.]
geance.
by interior machinery which imitates w
AVE-NfJE,n. [Fr., from Lat adve.nire,
the actions of men or animals.
to come to.] 1. An entrance to any
AU-TON'O-MY, n. [Gr. avrovop-ia, fr.
2. A shady alley or walk.
place.
3.
auTos, self, and rojuos, law.] Power

TONg

E, r,0, silent; 9,G,so/i;

WAKED

AWAKED

&

wakefulness.

[-ED; ING.]
A-WAK'JBN, V. t. &
To rouse from sleep or torpor
?'.

A-WARD',

1). .
[-ED; -ING.] [0. Fr.
awarder. See Guard.]
To assign
v. i. To
by sentence to adjudge.
r. 1. A sentence,
make an award.
,

e,&,hard; AS; EXIST; l\[sNG; THIS

AWARDER
or final decision

A-ware',

One who awards.

n.

Apprised cognizant.
interj.
At a distance.

a.

A- way', adv.
Begone

Awe,
"

n.
[A. -S. oga, fr. Goth, agan,
Fear mingled with
ogan, to fear.]

admiration or reverence.
veneration.
Syn. Dread
;

.Rever-

ence is a strong sentiment of respect and

esteem, sometimes mingled slightly with
Dread is strong personal fear; as,
fear.
Veneration is
dread of punishment.
reverence in its strongest manifestation
it is the highest emotion we can exer;

cise

human

toward

beings.

Quality of be-

n.

ing awkward.

Awl,
"

pointed
[A.-S. sel, al.]
instrument for making small holes.
Beard of
[Goth, ahana.]
n.
"
barley, oats, grasses, &c.
[Cf. A.-S. helan, to
AWN'ING, n.
"
covering from the sun,
cover.]
wind, or rain.
n.

Awn,

v.

[-ed;

t.

rible,

fner.

Aw'ful-ly,

In an awful man
Quality of striking

adv.

A w'ful-ness,

n.

with awe.

A -WHILE',

adv. For a short time.

a.
[0. Eug. atok, left,
ward.] Wanttermination
and the
ing dexterity, readiness, or grace.

Clumsy; uncouth. One who

Syn.
is clumsy is heavy, and, of course, ungraceful in every thing; one who is awkward wants grace of movement one

AWK'WARD,

who is

uncouth

so for

is

adv.

li

supposed to revolve.

Ax'LE

(aks'l), n. [A.-S

xx, eax.]
A transverse bar or shaft on
which wheels turn.

asquint.
or reason.
side

Aside from truth

2.

Gr. a^iVrj.]

for

hewing

timber, chopping wood, &c.

Ax-lF'ER-oOs. a. [Lat. axis and ferto bear.] Having an axis, without
leaves or other appendages.
Pertaining to the
Ax'il-lar,
) a.
re,

Ax'lL-LA-RY,
Ix'l-OM. n.

armpit.

[Gr.

ai'<ofAa.]

self-

evident truth or proposition.

Syn.

affirmative vote.

2.

voter in the

_ affirmative.

Ax, In. [A.-S. eax. ,rx

An instrument
AXE,

Maxim;

aphorism; adage.

Axioms
maxims

are the foundations of seience;

are guiding principles in our
practical concerns. An aphorism is a
detached sentence expressing a weighty
sentiment; an adage is a saying of longestablished authority.

AWK'ward-ly,

pi. AX'E.
[Lat.]
Th
straight line, real or imaginary, on
which a body revolves, or may br

Ax'IS, n.;

Xx'LE-TREE (Sks'l-), n.
An axle.
Awn'less, a. Without awn or beard.
C) Axle
A-woke', imp. & p. p. of Awake.
Ay 1("*i), adv. Yes; used to afone
1. To
A- WRY' (a-rl'), a. or adv.
AYE
firm or assent. n.
1. An

-ing.]
To strike
with fear and reverence.
AWful,, a. Striking with awe ter-

"

Awk'wakd-ness,
"

bitrators.

Awaru'er,

BADGER

30

the decision of ar-

want of training. Xx'l-O-MAT'IC, a.

having the nature
In an awk-

Pertaining to, or
an axiom.

of,

AYE

(a),

ever

adv.

Always;

[A.-S. a, aa.]

continually.

AZ'I-MUTH,

[Ar. as-samt, pi. as-

n.

sumut.]
An arc of the horizon
between the meridian of the place
vertical circle passing through
the centre of any object.
Magnetical azimuth, an azimuth from the
magnetic meridian.
A-ZOTE', n. [Gr. a priv. and <Jwij,
life.]
Nitrogen gas.
A-zoT're, a. Pertaining to, or con-

and a

sisting of, azote.

(azh'ur or

Az'ure

a'zhur), a.
[Per.
Ihjau-ard or lajuward , a blue color.]
n.
1.
Of a sky-blue; cerulean.
Blue color of the sky. 2. The blue

vault above.

ward manner.

B.
^be). is the second letter, and the
first consonant, in the English alphabet. (See Prin. of Pron., 62.)
Baa, v. i. To cry or bleat as sheep.
BXB'BLE, V. ?'. [-ED; -ING.] [D.
babbelen.] 1. To utter words imperfectly or unintelligibly. 2. To prate.

r>y

Bab'ble,

Idle talk

n.

BXb'ble-ment, j
Bab'bler, n. An

idle talker

[W. baban.]

Bab-oon',

tell-

[baby.
infant a

tale:

Babe^m.

un-

meaning words.

An

[Prob.

n.

akin to babe.]

kind

of monkey.
Ba'by,w. [See BABE.]
1.

An

doll.

infant.
v.

-ING, 142

To

2.

[L. Lat. baccalarius

1. A man who has

not been married. 2. One who has
taken the first degree in the liberal

arts.

3.

A young

BXcH'E-LOR-SHi'P,

BXck,

knight.

[elor.

n. State of

a bach-

Upper
or hinder part of an animal. 2. The
rear.
3. Outward or upper part of
a thing. 4. The part out of sight.
adv. 1. To or toward a former
n.

[A.-S. bsec, bac]

1.

back.

In the rear remote.

t.
To speak evil of, in
;

v.

the absence of the person traduced.

childish.

BXck'ward,
BXcK'WARDg,

adv.

Toward the back.

past time.

worse

4.

state.

averse.

2.

hand,

1.

With

the

back in advance.
3.

Toward

From a

a.

2.

or in

better to a

Unwilling;

1.

Dull. 3. Late or behind[luctance.

Away from BXck'ward-ness, n. Aversion re-ING.] 1. BXcic- woods/man, n. An inhabitant

2.

of.

a.

BXck'bite,

K:!l;oot>

An instrument for
n.
taking the altitude of heavenly bod[with one sharp edge.
ies,
BXck'sword (-sord), n.
sword
BXck'staff,

To support or strengthen.
3. To
force
backward.
v. i.
To move or go
To get on the back

jike a young child

Ba'by-hood, n. State

baby

Bach'e-lor, n.
from W. bach.]

2.
place, state, or time.
the front, v. t. [-ED

treat

of being a baby.
Ba'by-ish, a.
Like a

[ED;

t.

[imp. backBac-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [Lat. baccifer.] BXCK-SL1DE', v. i.

slid p. p. BACKSLIDDEN, BACKProducing berries.
Bac-civ'o-roOs, a.
SLID.] To fall back or off; to apos[Lat. bacca, a
berry, and vorare, to devour.] Subtatize.
[slides
a renegade.
_
sisting on berries.
BXck-slid'ER, n.
One who back-

of the forest in new settlements.

Bacon (ba'kn), n. [0. H. Ger. bacho,
back.] Hog's flesh salted or pickled
and dried, usually in smoke.

[comp. WORSE;
BXd, a.
Per. bad,
[Cf.
WORST.]

superl.

Goth.

bauchs.]
[See Bach- BXck'bit-ER, n.
A secret calumELOR.] "Degree of bachelor of arts.
vicious.
ill
niator^
evil
[Moral principle.
BXc'ca-ted, a.
[Lat.
baccatus.] Back'BONE, n.
1.
The spine. 2.
tense of BUL
Having many berries.
BXck-gXm/MON, n. [W. bach, little, BXde } (57)> Past
BXc'cha-nal,
n.
A noisy
and cammawn, combat.] A game BXdge,ji. [A.-S. beag.] A mark of
BXc'cha-na'li-an,
drunkard.
distinction
played by two persons, with box and

BXCCA-LAU'RE-ATE, n

Wanting good

qualities?

a.

Reveling in intemperance.

BXg'gha-na'LI-a,

n.

A, E,

revels.
I,

BXd'GER,

dice.

[Lat.]

pi.

Feasts in honor of Bacchus

en

drunk-

BXck'ground,
rear.

2.

1.

Ground

in the

place of obscurity.
Hinder part rear.

BXCK'slDE,rc.

o, 0, Y,long; X,fl,I,6,u, Y, short;

n.

n.
[L. Lat. bladarivs, from
blada, corn.]. A burrowing quadruv.t. [-ED;
related
to
the bear.
ped
-ING.] To pester or worry.

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, TfRM; pique, fIrm son
;

BADINAGE
Badinage

(bad'e-nazh'), n.

[Fr.]
[well.

Light or playful discourse.

B a d'ly, adv. In a bad manner not

Bad'ness, a. State of being bad;
;

want of good

Baf'fle,
Ger.

v.

qualities.

[-ED

t.

-ing.]

[Prov.

To check by
baffen.}
or by perplexing.

baffen,

and turns,
STN. To balk;

shifts

frustrate; disappoint;

confound; defeat; elude; foil.

Bag, n. [Goth, balgs.} A sack or
pouch. v.t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
put into a bag. 2. To seize or intrap.
v. i. To swell like a full bag.

Bagatelle

(bag'a-tel'),

n.

[Fr.]

A trifle
A game

a thing of no importance.
played with balls and a
2.
rod on a board with holes at one end.
1.

B.\G'GAGE,n.

[See
clothing, utensils,

Bag.]

1.

Tents,

&c,

of an army.
lug2. Trunks, carpet-bags, &c.
gage. 3. A playful, saucy young
;

woman.
BXg'GING, n. Cloth
BXGN'IO (ban'yo), n.
house.

2.

[bags.

or materials for
[It.] 1.

bath-

brothel.

Bag'pjpe,?i. A musical instrument,

[bagpipe.
used in Scotland.
BXg'pip-er, n. One who plays on a
BAIL, v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [Lat. bajulare, to bear a burden.]
1. To set
free on giving security for appearance
at a certain day and place. 2 To

upon a contract, expressed or implied. 3. To free from

water.
1. One
n.
who becomes
deliver, as (roods,

su ety for a prisoner's appear mce in

court. 2. The security
H-indle of a kettle. &c.

given.

3.

twice,and lanx, plate, scale.]

1.

An Bal-loon',

apparatus for weighing bodies.

2.

necessary to make two

quantities or sums equal. 3. Estimate. 4. An equipoise or just proportion. 5. A regulating wheel in a
watch. 6. A sign in the zodiac.
v. t.
[-ed -ING.] 1. To bring to
an equipoise. 2. To render equal.
3. To estimate.
4. To settle and
1. To
adjust, as an account.
v. i.
be in equipoise. 2. To hesitate. 3.
(Da?icing.) To move toward a person
opposite, and then back.

That which

is

BAL'ANgE-SHEET,

n.

paper giv-

ing a summation and balance of accounts.

BXl'go-ny, n. [0. H. Ger. bakho,
palcho, Eng. balk, beam.] A kind
of gallery on the outside of a building.
Bald, a. 1. Destitute of the natural
covering, as of hair, feathers, foliage,

&c.

2.

n.

[Cf.

baldor-

ity

misfortune
-ING.] To

BALE '-FIRE,

A bag filled with

gas or heated air,
so as to rise and
in the at-

float

mosphere.

BXl'lot,

n.

[Fr.

See

ballote.

Ball.]

1.

Balloon.
written or printed vote. 2. Act of voting by balls cor
tickets.
v.i.
[-ed -ing.]
To
vote or decide by ballot.
BXl'lot-box, n. A box for receiving

ballots.

Balm (bam),
An aromatic
of certain

ointment.

v.

t.

n.
[Gr. /SaAaa^oi/.] 2.
plant.
2. Sap or juice

trees.

Any

3.

fragrant

Any thing which heals.

To anoint with balm. 2.

4.

1.

Balm'Y

(bam'y), a.
;

an

alarm-fire.

BXl-sXm'I-al,

i ties
of balsam;
)
containing, or resembling, balsam.
n. That which has the
properties of a balsam.

BXl'US-TER,

signal-fire;

Having the

1.

balm odoriferous arosoothing. -2. Producing balm.

BAL'SAM, n. [Gr. /3aAo-<x/aov.] 1. An
aromatic resinous substance. 2. A
species of tree
also, an annual
garden plant.
BXl-sXm'ig,
) a. Having the qual;

sorrow.
v. t.
in a bale.

[From Balmoral, in
kind of figured petti-

qualities of

matic

BXL-sXM'IG,

n.

Scotland.]
coat.

calam-

Misery

make up

n.

n.

of Fr.

Bal-MOR'al,

canopy.

W.

duss, prattle.] 1. A worthless mixtribaldry.

ure. 2. Senseless jargon
Bald'ness, 7i. State of being bald.
Eald'pate, n. A pate without hair
a bald person.
Bal'drig, n. [0. H. Ger. balderich.]
A girdle, or belt, hanging from one
shoulder across the breast, and under
the opposite arm.
Bale, n. [0. H. Ger. balla.] A bundle
of goods corded for transportation.

[A.-S. beal, balo.]

[Augm.

balle, ball, bale.]

To assuage.

Unadorned.

BXl'da-ghin (-kin),
Bal'der-dash, n.

[-ed

Capable of being
Bail'a-ble,
bailed. 2 Admittiug of bail.
a.

BANDIT

31

n.

[Gr.

/SoAauorioi',

flower of wild pomegranate, on account of the similarity of form.] A

small column used as a support to a

1.
Full of bale or
n. A boud or obligation Bale'ful, a.
misery. 2. Full of grief or sorrow.
rail.
given by a prisoner and his surety.
[Fr.]
BAIL-EE', n. One to whom goods are Ba-LIZE' (-leez'), n.
A pole BXl'us-trade, n. A row of balusraised on a bank.
ters, joined by a rail.
committed in trust.

Batl'-bond,

Bail'er
Bail/or

One who

(126), n.

delivers

goods to another iu trust.

BAIL'IFF,

n.

[See

BAIL,

v.

I.]

sheriffs deputy.

Bail'i-wIck,

n.
[0. Fr. baillie, jurisdiction of a bailiff, and A.-S. wic,
station, abode.] Precincts in which a
bailiff has jurisdiction.
[trust.
Bail'ment, it. A delivery of goods in
BAIT, n. 1. Any substance to catch
2. Temptation.
3. Re&c.
freshment on a journey.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] [A.-S. batan, fr. bitan,
to bite.]
1. To put on or in, to allure fish, &c. 2. To give food and
drink to, upon the road. 3. To provoke and harass.
To stop to
v. i.

fish,

jtake refreshment.
n.
A coarse woolen s'uff.
w. t.
[-ed
-ing.j [A.-S.
bacan.] 1. To heat, dry. and harden,
to prepare for food, in an oven.

Baize,

Bake,
~-

i.

Balk

(bawk), n.

An BAM-BOO',

1.

3.

(bawk'Jr), a. Apt to
aside or stop abruptly.
Ball, n. 1. [0. H. Ger. balla.}

turn

Any BXND,

round body.
[From Gr.

2.
well-known ga,me.
/SaAAeiv, to toss, throw,
or 7raAAeiv, to leap, bound.]
social assembly for dancing.
v. i. To
form, as snow, into balls on the feet
BAL'LAD, n. [It. ballata.]
popular song, narrative or sentimental, in
simple, homely verses.
BAl'last, n. Some heavy substance,
in the hold of a vessel, to steady it.

3.

[-ED;-ING.]
v.t.
nish with ballast.

To load or

fur-

the-

(or bal'la), n.

[Fr.]

to bake bread, biscuit, &c.

n.

1.

Trade of a baker.

2.

place for baking.

Bak'ing,

n.

Bal'ance,

n.

Quantity baked at once.

[Lat. bilanx, from Ms,

[Lat.]
A machine used by the
ancients for throwing stones.
a.
Pertaining to the

Bal-lis'tig,
ballista.

[projectiles.

Bal-lIs'TIGS,

dr,do,woif,TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

JB, /,

n.

sing.

O, silent

Prohibition.

Ba-na'na,

4.

n. [Sp.

Science of

n.

bind.]
is

curse.

banana.]

of the plantain-tree,

plant grow-

abruptly in one's course.

Balk'y

atrical exhibition of dancing, &c.

BAke'house, n. A house for-baking.
BAK'ER, it. One whose occupation is BAL-LIS'TA, n. pi. BAL-LIS'TJE.

Bak'er-y,

[Malay.]

n.

BAl'let

To be baked.

[A.-S. bale]

un plowed ridge. 2. A great beam.

ing in_tropical countries.
[upon.
A hindrance or disappointment. Bam-boo'zle, v. t. To play tricks
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To leave Ban, n. [L. Lat. banntcs, bannum, 0.
v. t.
untouched in plowing. 2. To disapH. Ger. ban.} 1. Edict. 2. pi. Pubpoint to frustrate.
v. i.
lic notice of a marriage proposed.
To stop

3.

and

species

its fruit.

banda, fr. bindan, to

That with which a thing

[A.-S.
1.

bound or

fastened.

2.

Means

of

union or connection.
3. A linen
neckcloth worn by clergymen. 4. A

company of

persons.
v. t. or
-ING.]
To unite in a company or confederacy.

[-ED

?'.

BXnd'age,

n.

[See

Band.]

1.

fillet, roller, or swathe, used in bindv.

To bind
ing up wounds, &c.
with a bandage.
Ban-dXn'a, In. [Sp. bandana.] A
Ban-dXn'nA,
species of silk or
cotton handkerchief.
BXnd'box, n. A slight paper box for

<-.

]ight articles.

BXn'dIt,

n. ; pi. bXn'dits or BANdit'TI.

[It. bandito, proclaimed,
banished.]
A lawless or desperate
fellow a brigand.
;

$,&,soft; ,G,hard; AS; EXIST;

NasNG;

this.

BANDLET
BXnd-let,
BAnd'e-let,

BARILLA

32

Band.] Any BXn'NER, n. [Fr. bannicre, fr. band?,

stock. v. t.
1. To furnish with
a hag.
barbs, as an arrow, &c.
baud or Hat
band.] A military eu.-ign
2. To
BAn'ner-et, n. [From L. Lat. banclothe, as a horse, with armor.
BXn'dog, n. [band and dog.] A
neretus.
See BANNER.] A military Bar'ba-can, n.
[Fr., pf Arabic
large, fierce kind of dog, kept chained.
rank conferred only on such as were BAr'bi-AN,
origin.]
An adBAn'do-leer', n. [Fr. bandouliere,
able to bring a certain number of
vanced work defending the entrance
i

[See

n.

little

molding.

bande, band.] A large leathern

thrown oyer the right shoulder.
n.
[See Band.] A club for
striking a ball. v. t.
[-ed; -ING,
2. To
142.] 1. To beat to and fro.
exchange. 3. To agitate.
fr.

belt,

BAn'dy,

BAn'dy-legg^d
crooked

Having

(-legd), a.

[A.-S. bana.]

n.
poison.

Ruin

2.

Bane'ful,

1.

Having

a.

a rich entertainment.

[-ED

v.

-ING.]

i.

v.

t.

(ban-kef), n.

[Fr.,

state.

An

sith, fairy.]

a.

barous.
Ear'ba-r'iiyi,

Foreign.

1.

n.

An

1.

Any form

2.

Bar-

2.

uncivilized

of speech con-

trary to the pure idioms of a partic-

deadly

BEN'SHIE,

Bar-bar'ic,

fr.

bane, bench, seat] A little raised

way, along the inside of a parapet.
poisonous BAn'SIIEE, n. [Ir. bean, woman, and

castle or city.

(89), n. [Gr. /3dp/3apos.]

cruel, savage, brutal man.
a.
Rude uncivilized cruel inhuman.

To treat with a feast.

regale one's self; to feast.

To

Bar-ba'ri-an

ular language.

destruction.

qualities.

BANG,

to

field.

feast;

Banquette

legs.

Bane,

vassals into the

BAn'nock, n. [Gael, bonnach.]

cake made of oatmeal, &c.
BAn'quet (b&nk'wet), n. [Fr.]

Bar-bAr'1-ty,

Irish

elty

Savageness

n.

cru-

inhumanity.

Bar'BA-rize, v.
To use a barbabanga.] To beat, as with a cudgel
BAn'TAM, n. A very small variety of
rous mode of speech.
v. t.
To
to handle roughly.
fowl, brought, probably, from Banmake barbarous.
A blow, as
n.
Bar'ba-rous, a. 1. Uncivilized or
with a club a heavy blow.
tam, in Java.
BXn'ian (or ban-yan'), n. 1. [Skr. BAn'Ter, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Persavage.
2.
Cruel
ferocious.
3.
pan, to sell, banik, merchant.] A
haps from Fr. badiner, to joke .] To
Contrary to the pure idioms of a
Hindoo merchant. 2. A morning
play upon in words and in good hulanguage.
[rous manner.
gown. 3. [Cf. puny a, holy the banian
mor.
Bar'ba-rous-ly, adv. In a barbatree being held sacred.]
The Indian
Syn. To rally. We banter in good Bar'BATE, a. [Lat. barbatvs, from
v.

[-ed

t.

-ING.]

[Icel.

fairy.

?'.

fig-tree.

BAn'ish,

[-ed; -ing.]
v. t.
[Low
bannire.
See Ban.] 1. To
compel to leave one's country. 2. To
drive away.
Lat.

To

exile, expel.
man is
banished when forced to depart; exiled

Syn.

when

sent from his own into a foreign

country; expelled when forcibly ejected,
usually with disgrace.
BAn'ish-MENT, n. Act of banishing,
or state of being banished.
BAN'IS-TER,n. [A corrupt, of baluster.]
A baluster.
BAn'jo, n. [A corruption of bandore.]
A stringed musical instrument.
BAnk (82), n. [A.-S. banc. See
Bench.] 1. A ridge of earth. 2.
Any steep acclivity. 3. A flat a
shoal.
4. A bench of rowers.
5.
Place where a collection of money is
deposited. 6- A company of persons
concerned in a bank.
v. t.
[-ed;
-ING.] To raise a mound or dike
about.
v.i.
To deposit money in
;

a bank.

humor, turning the laugh upon a person

something he has done or neglected
todo. We nitty when we attack a person
with ridicule, raillery, or sarcasm. This
is always more pungent, and often illnatured.
n. Humorous raillery pleasantry.
BAnt'ling, n. [Corrupted from Ger.
bankling, bastard.] A young or small
child an infant.
[of fig-tree.
BAn'yan, or Ban-yAn', n. A kind
for

Ba'o-bab,

n. [Ethiopic] The largest

tree in the world, a native of
tropical Africa.
BAp'TIgM, n.
[Gr. /3a7rrio-,ua, from
Applicaj8a7TT(v, to dip in water.]
tion of water to a person, as a religious ceremony.
[tism.
Bap-tI'MAL, a. Pertaining to bapBAp'TIST, n. 1. One who administers
baptism; esp. John, the forerunner
of Christ. 2. One who rejects infant
baptism, and holds to adult baptism

known

by immersion.
Bap'tis-ter-y,
baptism

is

barba, beard.] Bearing tufts of hair

bearded.
[points.

Bar'ba-ted,
Bar'be-UE,

a.
Having barbed
n. [Fr. barbe-d-quene i.
,

from snout to tail.]

animal roasted whole.

e.,

place where

administered.
Pertaining
a.

BANK'A-BLE,a. Receivable at a bank, Bap-t&t'I-al,

to

large
large

social entertainment, in the open air,

at which animals are roasted whole.

Bar'ber, n.
[Lat.
barba, beard.]
One who shaves beards, &c.
Bar'ber-ry, n.
[At. barbaris.] A
shrubby plant, common in
Bard, n. [W. bardd.] A
among the ancient Celts
;

hedges.
minstrel
hence, in

modern usage, a poet.

Eard'ig, a. Pertaining

Bare,

to bards.
[A.-S. bar, bser.]
1. With-

a.

out covering
naked.
adjuncts of any kind.

-1NG.]_

To

2.
v.

Without
t.

[-ed;

strip off the covering of.

(-f;.st-), a.
1. With the

Bare'FACD

face uncovered.

2.

Shameless

pudent,

n.

A
A

1.

2.

im-

[feet bare.

BAre'foot, a. &
Bare'foot-ed, a.

With the
Having the feet

adv.

[uncovered.

bare.

Eare'head-ed, a. Having the head

In America, a Bap-tize', v. t.
[-ed; -ing.] To Bare'-legGjBD, a. Having the legs
promissory note of a bank payable to
[kedly.
bare.
auminister the sacrament of baptism
the bearer on demand a bank-note.
BAre'LY, adv. Only; merely; nato
to christen.
2. In Eng.,a note, or a bill of ex- Bap-tiz'er, n.
Bare'ness, n. State of being bare.
One who baptizes.
change, of a bank, payable to order.
[Low Lat. barBar, n. [From W. bar, branch of a Bar'GAIN (42), n.
BAnk'er, n. One who receives and
gania,.]
1. An agreement concerntree, bar, bolt.]
1. A long piece of
remits money, negotiates bills of exing the sale of property. 2. An agreewood, metal, or other solid matter.
change, &c.
ment of any kind. 3. A gainful
2. An obstacle a barrier. 3. Bank of
Bank'ING, n. Business of a banker.
transaction.
sand, at the mouth of a river or harBAnk'-NOTE, n. A promissory note
bor. 4. (a.) The legal profession, (b.)
Syn. Contract stipulation; purchase; engagement.
issued by a bank, payable to bearer
A sufficient answer to the plaintiff's
on demand.
[-ED; -ING.] To transfer
v. t.
action. 5. Inclosed place of a tavern,
BXnk'RUPT, .. [Fr. banque, bank,
v. i. To make
for a consideration.
where liquors are sold. 6. (Mus.)
and Lat. ruptus, broken.] A person
[bargain.
a contract to agree.
A line drawn across the staff. v. t.
unable top/ his debts, a. Unable
[-RED -RING, 136.] 1. To fasten Bar'GAIN-er, n. One who makes a
to pay debts insolvent.
[Low Lat. bargia.] See
v. t. [-ed
with a bar. 2. To hinder to ob- Barge, n.
as bills

or discountable, aa notes.

BAnk'-bIll,

n.

baptism

baptismal.

1.

-ING.]

To make

insolvent.
BXnk'RUPT-CY, n. State of being
bankrupt failure in trade.
BXnk'-stock, n.
Shares in the
capital stock of a bank.
;

A.E,

I,

o, u, \,long;

Aft 1

struct.
3. To except.
Barb, n. [Lat. barba,

Bark.]
beard.]

1.

boat.

2.

An elegant pleasurelarge boat for passengers

1.

or goods.
The point that stands
backward in an arrow, fish-hook, Ba-ril'la,

Beard.

&c.

6, u,y, short;

2.

3.

horse

of

the

Barbary

n.
Impure soda obtained
from the ashes of any sea-shore plant.

cAre, far. ask, all, what; ere, veil, TERM; PIQUE, fIrm; son

BARITONE
B.Xr'i-tone,

tone.
Bark, n.

&

a.

Exterior covthe rind. [Of Icel.

[Icel. bbrkr.]

ering of a tree
barki, throat.]
The noise made by
a dog.
v. t. [-ED; -ing.] To strip
v.i.
the bark from.
1. To make
the noise of dogs. 2. To clamor.
;

Bark,
Barque,

1.

Bark,

ves-

Any

small vessel.
BAR'LEY, n. [Goth, ban's, W. barlys.]
A grain, used for making malt, &c.
BARM, n. [A.-S. beorma.] The foam
rising upon fermenting beer or other

m lit

2.

liquors, used as leaven.

Containing barm or yeast.

[A.-S. berern, bern, fr. here,
barley, and ern, xrn, a secret or
close place.]
building for storing
grain, hay, &c.
also for stabling.
Bar'na-LE (bir'na-kl), n. [Low Lat.
bernacula.]
1.
shell-fish.
2.
species of wild goose.
3. pi. An instrument for holding horses by the
nose
4. pi.
pair of spectacles.
BA-ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. fiapos. weight,

Baryi'y,

BARN,

a.

n.

and fj-erpov, measure.] An instrument for determining the weight or

pressure of the atmosphere.

BXR'O-MET'Rie,
la.
Pertaining
Bar'o-met'rki-al,
to the baromJ

eter.

BXr'ON,

[Prob. from Goth, vair,

man.]
In England, one
who holds rank between a viscount
Lat.

n.

vir,

and baronet.
B.Xr'on-age, n.

1. Whole body of
Dignity of a baron.
BXr'ON-ESS, n. A baron's wife.
Bar'ON-et, n. [Dim. of baron.] A
degree of honor next beiow a baron.

barons.

2.

BXr'on-et-age,

n.

Collective

of baronets.

The rank of a

a. Pertaining to a baron.
Lordship, aonor, or fee

of a btron.

Ba-rou^he'

(-nTosh'). n.

tus, two-wheeled.]

[Lat. biro-

four-wheeled

carriage, with falling top.

Barque (bark), n. See Bark.
BXr'RACK, n. [Sp. barraca, from barra, bar.] A hut or house for soldiers.

B.Xr'RA-TOR,

n. [Prob. from Gr. Trpartciv, to do, to use practices.]

1.
encourager of litigation.
2.
ship-

An

master who manages fraudulently.

Bar'ra-TRY, re. 1 Practice of encouraging lawsuits. 2. Fraud on the part
of a ship-master, or of th<? mariners.

Y BAR'REL,

n.

[Gael, baraill,

fr.

barra,

1. A round, bulgy vessel.

2.
Quantity which such a vessel confrom 31 to 36 gallons.
3. Any tube. v. t. [-ED, -ING; or
-led, -ling, 137.] To put or pack
in a barrel.

bar.]

tains, varying

6r, do,

trees.

BXr'ren-ly, adv.

Unfruitfully.

stop an enemy. 2. Any obstruction.

3. Any limit or boundary.
Bar'ris-ter, n. A counselor admitted to plead at the bar.
BAR'ROW, n. 1. [A.-S. berewe, fr.
beran, to bear.] A light, small handcarriage. 2. [A.-S. bearg, Skr. barahu,
hog.] A male hog castrated. 3. [A.A mound of earth
S. beorg, beorh.]
raised over the dead.
BAR'-SHOT,n. Shot, consisting of a bar with a
round head at each end.
Bar-shot.
v. i.
[0. Fr.
barater, to exchange.]
To traffic by
exchanging one commodity for another.
-ING.] To exv.t. [-ed
n. 1.
change, or give in exchange.

Practice of exchanging commodities.

2. Thing given in exchange.
[Gr. Sapvs, heavy.]
Ba-RY'TA, n.
The_ heaviest of the earths.
Ba-ry'tes., n. Sulphate of baryta.
Ba-ryt'I, a. Pertaining to baryta.
BAR'Y-TONE a. [Gr. Sapurovo?, from
Bapvs, heavy, and tovos, tone.]
Grave, and deep, as a kind of male
voice.
n. A male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common bass and the tenor.
BA'sal,, a. Pertaining to the base.
,

Ba-salt', n.

[Lat. basaltes.]

A green-

ish-black rock of igneous origin.

a.
Pertaining to basalt.
Bas-BLEU (ba'blu/ or ba-bloo/), n.
[Fr.] A literary lady; a blue-stocking.
Base, a. [L. Lat. bassus, thick, short,
humble. Cf. W. bas, shallow.] 1
Of humble birth. 2. Low in value
or estimation. 3. Morally low. 4.
Deep or grave in sound.
Vile mean . Base is a stronger
S yn.
term than vile, and vile than mean. The
two first denote what is wicked as well as

low, the latter what

honorable.

[Gr.
n.

is

WOLF, T0~0, TO"OK; urn, rue, pull

disgraceful or dis-

step, base.]

E,

a down-cast look very modest.

BASH'FUL-LY, adv. n a bashful
;

[bashful.

BAsh'ful-ness, n
Ba'si-fy,

v.

1.

I,

o, silent

Quality of being

and
To convert into a

[Lat. basis, base,

t.

facere, to make.]
salifiable base.

Bas/il, u. 1. [From base.] Angle to

which the cutting edge of a tool is
ground. 2. [From Gr. flcuri At/cos,
royal.]
A fragrant aromatic plant.
3. [Corrupt, fr. L. Lat. basanium.]
Skin of a sheep tanned. v. t. [-ed
-ING.] To grind or form the edge of
,

to an angle.
BA-sjfl/re,

Ba-sil'I-A,

n. [Gr. jWiAikij (sc.

oiKLa, or o-Toa.),from
1.
large hall oi
/SaaiAevs, king.]
court of justice. 2.
church, chapel,

or cathedral.

BA-li/re,
Ba-s.il'I-al,

In the manner of
a public edifice or

cathedral.

BXs'I-LISK, n. [Gr. j8a<rtAiVKos,dim.

of SacnAews, a king so named from
some prominences on the head resembling a crown.] 1. A fabulous
serpent, said to be produced from a
cock's egg brooded by a serpent a
;

cockatrice.

2.

large piece of ord-

nance

Ba's/n

[L. Lat. bacchinus,

(ba'sn), n.

from bacca, a water vessel.] 1. A

hollow vessel, for water for washing,
&c. 2. Any hollow place containing
water.
3. The entire tract of country drained by a river.
Ba'sis, n. ; pi. BA'SEg.
[See Base.]
1. That on which a thing rests.
2.
Groundwork or first principle.
Bask (6), v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Cf. D
bakeren, Eng. bake.] To lie exposed
to genial heat.
n.
[W.

Bas'ket.

basgawd, basged.]
twigs, rushes, &c,

A vessel made of
interwoven.

Basque

[Prob. so called

(bask), n.

because it came from the Basques.]

Part of a lady 9 dress, resembling a
jacket with a short skirt.

Bass,

&

pi. 1. [A.-S. bears, Gr.

n. sing.
fish of several species. 2.

TrepKrj.]

[A corrupt, of bast.] The teil-tree, or

jts bark, used for mats, &c.
Bass, n. The lowest part in a musical
composition.

/3<o-is,

[Written also base.]

[See Base,
old game at cards.
BAs'so, n. [It. See Base, a.] The
bass or lowest part. One who sings

The Bas'set, or Bas-set', n.

part of a thing on which it

stands. 2. Principal element of a
chemical compound. 3. The gravest
male voice.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
put on a base or basis to found
Base'-ball, n. A game of ball, so
called from the bases or bounds designating the circuit each player must
make after striking the ball.
Base '-born, a. Born of low parentage,
[or support.
Base'less, a. Having no foundation
Base'ly, adv. In a base manner.

bottom

Bash'ful,

Lower

n. Quality of being base.

Turkish title of honor.
n.
a. [See Abash.]
Ilaving

manner.

body Ba-SALT'I,

[b?ronet

BXr'on-et-cy, n.
Ba-r6'NI-al,
B \r'o-ny, n.

grow small

on which

A Bar'ter,

Ba-SIIAW',

scanty;
j

plains

A threesel

sterile;

BAse'NESS,

dull;

pi.

Base.]

n.
[See
story of a building.

2.

prow,Gr. /3aa small

masted

Unfruitful

Syn.

n. uninventive.
Elevated

Base'ment,

1.

[Orig. a barring up
Fr. barrique, cask.]
1.
(Mil.) A defensive fortification,
made in haste. 2. Any bar, or obstruction.
v.t. [-ED; -ing.]
To
fortify with any slight work.
Bar'RI-ER,m. [Fr. barriere, fr. barre,
bar.]
1.
kind of fence made to

pts,

row-boat.]

[Norm. Fr. barein.]

Incapable of producing offspring.
Producing nothing.

Bar'RI-CADE', n.
with casks, from

barkr,
barki,

[Icel.
skiff,

BASS-VIOL

33
Bary- BAR'REN, a.

See

n.

.]

An

this part.

Bas-soon',

n.

basso, low.]

[It.

augm. of
wind instru-

bassone,

(Mus.)

holes, which are stopped

by the fingers.
Bass'-re-LIEF' (bas're-leef), n. [Fr.,
from bas, low, and relief, raised
work.] Sculpture, whose figures project but little.
Bass'- vi'ol, n.
stringed instru-

ment with

C, G, soft; , S, hard;

Ag

ejist

as

NG

THIS.

BAST
merit for playing the bass or gravest
part; the violoncello.
n.
[0. H. Ger. bast, past.] Inner bark of the lime-tree mattiug,
cordage, &c, made of the bark.
BAs'tard, n. [0. Fr. bast, a p ick-saddle used as beds by the muleteers,
and the term, ard, art.] An illegitimate or spurious child.
a. 1. Illegitimate. 2. Spurious adulterate.
BAS'TARD-IZE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To make or prove to be a bastard.
BAs'tar-dy, n. State of being a bastard illegitimacy.
Baste, v. t. [Cf. Icel. beysta, to strike,
[-ED
-ING.]
powder.]
1.
To
beat
to cudgel. 2. To put flour,
salt, and butter on, as on meat in
roasting.
[0. H. Ger. bestan, to sew.]
To sew slightly, or with long stitches.

BAST,

Bas-tile'

(bas-teel' or bas'teel), n.
[0. Fr. bastille, from bastir, to build.]
or fortification.
Bas'ti-nade', ) n. [0. Fr. baston, a
BAs'ti-na'do, J
stick or staff.
Cf.
Baste.]
sound beating, especially on the soles of his feet.
v. t.
To beat, especially on the soles of the

Any tower

BAs'tion

[Fr. baton.]
staff or

Bat-tAl'ia

[Lat.] Dispo(-ya), n.
sition or arrangement of troops, as
for action.
Bat-tal'ION (-tal'yun), n. [Fr. balaitlon.
body of
See Battle.]
infantry comprising from two to ten

or twelve companies.

BAt'T^N,

[-ed;-ing.]
increase, and A.-S. dxl,
v.

t.

bat,
To fatten.

[0. Eng.
deal.] 1.

2. To fertilizers land.
To form or fasten with battens.
To grow fat to live in luxury.

?'.

3.

r.

narrow

[Fr. baton, stick.]

n.
piece of board, or scantling.

BAt'ter,

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

v. t.
batuere, to strike, beat.]
1. To beat
repeatedly and with violence. 2. To
wear or impair with beating or by
n.
use.
A mixture of several" ingredients, beaten up with some liquid, in cookery.
BAt'ter-ing-rAm, n. An engine
used to beat
down the walls

of

besieged

Fr.

[0.

bastir,

An

An

wool

or

in

[Lat. battalia, fighting

and fencing exercises, fr. batuere, to
strike, to beat.]
fight or encounter
between enemies or opposing forces.

Combat

is

a close

(like fight)

To manage

engagement.
encounter, and may be
fight;

between single individuals

more general and prolonged

engagement supposes large numbers on
a battle

Bat.

is

each side engaged or intermingled in the

[From

n.

[sheets.

Cotton

n.
n.

Syn. Combat;

a bat, or play
with one.

BATCH,

ing of another.

BAt'TLE,

an-

imal that looks

as if it were a
winged mouse.
i.

iectively.
3.
apparatus for generating electricity. 4. Unlawful beat-

A BAt'ting,

piece of a brick. [0. Eng. back, backe,

Scot, back, backbird.]

Battering-ram.

non taken colA, Bastion.

bake.]

1.

Quanti-

v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Icel. baula,

A.-S. bellan.]
To cry with
vehemence, esp. as a child.
v. t.
To proclaim by outcry to cry.
BAY, a. [I.<at. badius.] Red, inclining
to a chestnut color.
n.
[Ir. &
Gael, badh or bagh.] 1. An inlet of

to low,

the sea.

[Lat. baca, bacca, berry.]

The laurel-tree. 3.
state of being
obliged to face an antagonist.
v. i.
[Lat. ad, to, at, and bavbari, to bark
2.

his

To bark, as a dog at

moderately.]

game.

BAy'o-net,

[First

n.

made

at

Bay-

A kiud of dagger fitted to a

gun.
v. t.
[-ED -ing.] To stab
with a bayonet.
BAVpu (bi'oo), n. [Fr., from Lat. botellus, a small sausage]
Outlet of a
lake; a channel for water.
[Southonne.]

ern States.]
n.
A fragrant liquor ob
tained from the leaves of the ba} -tree

Bay'-rDm,

BAY'-SALT,

Salt obtained from

n.

sea-water, by natural evaporation.

n.
A projecting

Bay'-wIn'dow,

window forming a recess in a room.

BA-ZAAR', n. [Per. bazar, market.]
Ba-zar', ( A spacious hall or suite
of rooms for the sale of goods.

Bdell'ium (del/yum), n. [Heb.]. A

gummy, resinous juice from the East.
Be, v. i. and auxiliary, [iwp. WAS;

body of can-

n.
[A.-S. bat, allied to beatan, to
beat.] 1.
heavy club, used in playsheet of cotton. 3.
ing ball. 2.

Bawl.

n.
1. Act of battering.
2.

BAT,

v.

\n.
J

(ba-tJbn')

truncheon.

BAt'ter-y,

(bast'yun,

to build.]
A part
of the main inclosure which projects
toward the exterior.

ie,

.EMTOivCba-tong')

Ba-toon'

places.

feet.

n.

BEAMY

34

conflict.

p. p. BEEN.] [A.-S. beon, beonne,

Skr. bhfi, to be.] 1. To exist logically, or actually.
2. To exist in some
particular state, or in some relation.
3.

To become.

Beach,

v.

n.

sandy shore; strand-

To run upon a beach.

t.

BEA'ON,n.

[A.-S. beacen

becen.]

1.

A signal-fire. 2. (Naut.) A signal

as a guide to mariners.
3. That
which gives notice of danger.
Bea'con-age,

Money

n.

to maintain

a beacon.

BeId,

[A.-S. bead, prayer; from

bvddan, to pray.] 1. A little perfon.

ty of bread baked at one time.

v.i. [-ed; -ing.] Tocontendin rated ball. 2. Any small globular
2.
Any business dispatched at once.
body.
fight.
BATE, v. t. [-ED
-ING.] [AbbrevT Bat'tle-Xx,
n. A kind of ax for- Bea'dle, n. [A.-S. bydel, bs-del from
from abate.] To lessen to abate.
beodan, to bid.] 1. A messenger or
Bat'TLE-axe,
merly used in war.
Bateau (bat-5'), n. ; pi. ba tea ux BXt'TLE-door, n. [Sp. battallador,
crier of a court. 2. An inferior parish
officer.
(bat-oz').
[Fr.]
A light boat, long
a great combatant.] An instrument
)

in proportion to its breadth.

Bea'dle-shIp,

used to strike a shuttlecock.

n.
Office of beadle.
n.
A catalogue of deceased persons to be praA ed for.

Bead'-roll,

BAT'-FOWL/lNG,n. A mode of catch- Bat'tle-ment,

ing birds at night, by torch-light.

BATH,

n. ; pi. BATHS,.
[A.-S. baeth,
Skr. bad, vad, to bathe.] 1. A place
to bathe in. 2. Act of exposing the
body to water or vapor. 3. A medium, as heated sand, through which
heat is applied to a body.
Bathe, v.t. [-ed -ing.] 1. To wash
;

from
or from

n. [Either
battle,

Bead'-mAn,

An

indented

A man

employed

Bea'gle, n. A small hound.

Beak, n. [W. pig; D. bek.]

bastillus, tower,

fortification.

n.

in

praying.

L. Lat. bast ilia,

Battlement.

ou

parapet, originally used only

for-

or nib of a bird, turtle, &c.

thing ending in a point.

Beak.ed

by immersion.

Any

Having a beak;

(beekt), a.
ending in a point.

tifications.

1. Bill

2.

2. To moisten with a Bau'ble, n.

[Fr. babiole, Lat. babui.
1. To be, or lie, in a
"lus, foolish.]
A trifling piece of BEAK/ER,n. LLat bacar.baczio, wineTo immerse.
glass.]
A large drinkii.g-cup.
n. Immerfinery
a gew-gaw.
sion in water bath
[A.-S.]
1. A main timber
[ing. Bawd, n.
[Goth, balths, Eng. bold.] Beam, n.
Bath'ing-tOb, n. A vessel for bathof a building, ship, loom, &c.
2.
A person who keeps a brothel, and
Ba'THOS, n. [Gr. /3d0o?. from /3a0us,
The part of a balance, from which
v. i.
conducts criminal intrigues.
deep.] (Rhet.) A ludicrous descent
the scales hang.
3.
A collection of
To procure women for lewd purposes.
parallel rays.
v. t. To send forth
from the elevated to the mean
Bawd'I-ly,i^. Obscenely; lewdly.
[-ED
v. i.
-ING.] To
BAT'lNG, prep., or a part. With the Bawd'i-ness, n. Obscenity
to emit.
lewd-

liquid,

-v.

bath.

2.

exception of

BAt'let,
e,

I,

n.

excepting.
[linen.
A small bat for beating

6, u, y,long; X

fi,

ness,

Bawd'y,

a.

Obscene

[chaste.
unfilthy

1,6,0, y, short; cAre, fAr, Ask; all,

emit rays of light.

BEAM'Y, a. Shining

what; ere,

veil,

radiant.

trm; pique, firm; s6n,

BEAN

BEECHEN

35

Bean, n. [A.-S.] A well-known leblows. 2. Pulsation throbbing. 3.

guminous plant, and its seed
Sailing against the wind by tacks.
Bean'-fly, m. A beautiful fly, of a Be-Xt'I-TUDE (53), n. [Lat. beati;

pale purple color, found on bean

flowers.
BeAr, v. t. [imp. BORE (formerly
BARE); p. p. BORN, BORNE.] [A.-S.
beran, Goth, bairan, Skr. bhri.] 1. To
support or sustain. 2. To convey.
3. To wear.
4. To possess.
5. To
endure to suffer. 6. To carry on.
7. To behave
to act.
8. To give
v.i.
birth to.
1. To produce, as
fruit. 2. To press. 3. To relate or re;

who

One

V":

contracts

to deliver, at a
specified future
time,
stocks

1.

m.

[A.-S. beard, Lat. barba.]

plant; &wn.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1.
To seize, pluck, or pull the beard of.
2. To set at defiance.
Beard'ed, a. Having a beard.
Beard'less, a. Without a beard.
Bear'er, n. One who, or that which,
bears, sustains, or carries.
Bear'-gar'd.en, n. 1. A place where
bears are kept for sport. 2. A rude,
turbulent assembly.

BEAR'ING,

n. 1.

The manner

in which
2. Relative

a person bears himself.

situation of

an

object.

Deportment;

mien; behavior;
tendency; influence.
Bear'ish, a. Having the qualities of
a bear.
BEAST, n. [Lat. bestia, H. Ger. bestie.]
Any four-footed animal, which may
be used for labor, food, or sport a
[ness.
brute.
Beast'li-ness, n. Brutality filthiBeast'ey, a. Pertaining to, or like,
a, beast
brutal
Beat, v. t. [imp. beat p.p. BEAT,
BEATEN.] [A.-S. beatan, Lat. batuere.]
1. To strike repeatedly. 2. To
break or pulverize by beating. 3. To
form b beating. 4. To range over.
5. To overcome in contest.
v. i.
1. To strike repeatedly. 2. To throb.
3. To come or act with violence.
4.
To be in agitation or doubt. 5.
To sail in a zigzag line against the
wind.
n. 1. A stroke
a blow. 2.
A recurring stroke a pulsation. 3.
A customary round or course. a.

Syn.

relation;

Weary

tired

(boz).

fine.]

BEAUX, Eng.
from Lat. bellies,
a lady's at-

pi. Fr.

[Fr.,

gay

fine,

man

tendant.

Beau I-de'AL (bo).

[Fr.]

A concep-

BEAU'ISH

Foppish fine.
(bo mond). [Fr.] The

(bo'ish), a.

Beau Monde

fatigued.
1

sprinkle or wet with moisture.

which, beautifies.

Beau'ti-ful

(ba'ti-ful), a.

Having Be-daub', v.
daub over.

applies to things comparatively small,

their delicacy and grace,

which please by
as a pretty girl.

Handsome

is

more

strik-

ing and the pleasure greater, as a handsome woman; it implies suitableness, and
hence we speak of a handsome fortune.
Beautiful implies all the higher qualities
which delight the taste and imagination.

BEAU'TI-FUL-LY

(bu'ti-ful-ly), adv.

Iu a beautiful manner.
Beau'ti-fy, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]

To

make or render beautiful.

Syn\ To adorn; grace; ornament;

To
36.]
[dazzle.

[a bed.

infests beds.

Bed'-cham/ber, ft. A chamber for

Blankets,
Bed'LOTHE, ft. pi.
sheets, coverlets, &c, for a bed.
Bed'ding, n. Materials of a bed.
Be-deck',

To

v. t.
[-ed
-ING.]
deck, ornament, or adorn.
;

137.]

as

if

(dev/1),

[-ed; -ing,

v.. t.

To throw into utter confusion,

by the agency of evil spirits.

Be-deW

(-du'), v.

t.

[-ed; -ing.]

embellish; deck.

To moisten with, or as with, dew.

ft.
One who lies in
[make dim.
the same bed.
Beau'ty (bu'ty), ft.
See
BEAU.] 1. An assemblage of graces Be-dim', v. t. [-med; -MING.] To
Be-di'zen,
Be-diz'.en,
v. t.
To
which
or
properties
or of
pleases the
dress or adorn tawdrily.
sight or any of the other senses, or

v.

To become

i.

Bed'fee-low,

beautiful.
[Fr. beaute.

[Corrupted from Beththe mind. 2. A particular grace, or- Bed'LAM, n.

lehem, a hospital in London for lunament, or excellence. 3. A beaua
natics.]
A
mad-house.
esp.
beautiful
tiful person,
woman.

Beau'ty-SpSt,

n.

patch placed

gh ten beauty.
on the face to heighten

BEA'VER
.

[A.-S.

his fur.

made
3.

One

beofe

To

and

2.

soil,

hat
Beaver

baciere.]

Bed'room,

To keep from motion

by want cf wind.

BED'siDE,ft.

Be-drop',

Beaver

(2).

or for the cause

E,

I,

v.

o, silent

i.

An

apartment

To

t.

To

Confined to the
bed by age or in-

a.

[bed.
for a

sprinkle, or cover

The
ft.

side of the bed.

frame for support-

[imp.

ft.
A case of cloth, for
inclosing the materials of the bed.
Usual hour of going
to bed.
Be-dye', v. t. To dye or stain.
well-known
Bee, n. [A.-S. beo.]

Bed'tIck,

BED'-TiME,ft.

for the reason that.

BE-chance', v. t. To happen to.
;

mud,

ing a bed.

come.

Punishment by BE-COME' (-kum / ),

ft.

v.

BED'STEAD,

BE-CAME', imp. of Be-

DO,wpLF,TOO.Td*bK; URN, rue, PULL

dirt,

[-ed;-ing.]

i.

as with drops.

2.

that

[-ED; -ING.]

firmity,

(be-kam'),!-. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. lo rento appease.
der calm

By

r.

Bed'rid,
Bed'rid-djen,

(1).

Part of a helmet in front,

conj.

t.

[drench.

Be-ubench',

Be-CALM'

BE-CAUgE',

V.

by dragging in

&c.

of the fur.

[Fr.

bedrural, living in the desert.]

Arabs.
a
tribe
of
nomadic
of

BE-DRAG'GLE,

An amphibious

quadruped

Bed'lam-ite, ft. A madman.

BED'OU-IN (bed'oo-een), n. [Ar.
aivl,

Lat. fiber.]

befer,
1.

(b3 / ver).

1.

[-ed; -ing,

t.

Be-daz'zle, 1-. /. [-ed; -ing.] To

Bed'-bug, n. An offensive bug which

Be-dev'/l

n.

A plat

of ground in a garden. 3.
Bottom of a stream, or other body
of water. 4. A layer, seam, or stra-

2.

OR.

[A.-S. bed, Goth, bad!.]

ft.
article of furniture to sleep on.

V.t. [-DED; -DING, 136.] 1.

(bu/te-us), a.
Very
tum.
handsome; beautiful.
To place in abed. 2. To plant.
Beau'te-ous-ness, n. Beauty.
to cohabit.
v. i. To go to bed
Beau'ti-fi'er, n. One who, or that Be-dab'ble, i'. t. [-ed:-ing.] To

Be/a-tif'ic,
a.
Imparting or
Be'a-tif'KJ-al, )
completing bliss- Be-charm', v. t. To charm.
ful enjoyment.
Beck, n. [A.-S. beacen, becen, sign.]
Be-Xt'i-fi-ca'tion, n.
1. Act of
A sign with the head or hand. v.
beatifying.
2. Act of the pope dei.
To make a sign with the head or
claring aperson beatified after death.
hand to intimate a command to.
Be-at'i-fy,v. l. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat. Beck' on, v. [See Beck.] To make
beatifie.are, fr. beatus, happy, and /V
a sign to another to summon.
cere, to make.] To pronounce or re- Be-cloud', v. t.
[-ed -ing.] To
gard as happy.
make dark or gloomy to overshadow.

Beat'ing,

An

ty-

consummate beau- Bed,

tion of perfect or

The hair that grows on the chin,

&c. 2. Long stiff hairs on a

lips,

BEAUS

the qualities which constitute beauty.

Handsome; pretty.
Pretty
Syn.

Black Bear,

which he does not own.

Beard,

bliss.

BEAUlbc,),_n.;

and come.]

Beau'te-ous

quadru2.

blessedness

fashionable world.

fer to.
n. [A.1.
S. bera.]

wild
ped.

tude] Felicity of the highest kind

CAME p. p. become.] [Prefix be

To pass from one state
v. t.
To
or condition to another.
suit or be suitable to
to befit.
Be-com'ING, a. Appropriate or fit
suitable
graceful.
Be-cOm'ing-ly, adv. After a becoming manner.
Be-com'ing-ness, n. State or quaL
suitableness.
ity of being becoming
;

BE-

i},&,soft;

four-winged insect.

Bee'-bread,

n.

The pollen of flow-

collected by bees, as food for

[tree.
their young.
ft.
[A.-S. bece, Gr. </>TryoV]
ers,

BEECH,

Beech'.en

Consisting
a.
( bdeh'n),
or pertaining to, the wood or
bark of the beech.
of,

,5,hard; As; EYJST

NasNG;

THii:

BEEF
Beef,

fr.

Lat.

bos, Gr./3ovs.] 1. (pi. BEEVES..) Aq

auimal of the genus Bos, including
the bull, cow, and ox. 2. The tiesh
of an ox, bull, or cow.

n.
1. One who eats
beef; hence, a large, well-fed person.
2. [Corrupt, fr. buffetier,a, keeper of
the buffet.]
One of the yeomen of
[broiling.
the guard, in England.
slice of beef for
Beef'steak, n.
case or box for bees.
Bee'-hive, n.
(bin), the past participle of Be.
BEER, n. [A.-S. beor, bear, Icel. bior.]

3eef'-eat'er,

BEEN

BELLY

A fermented liquor made from any

malted grain, or from various plants.

step. v.

t.
To
bealcjan.]
To take the first
To throw up from the
[tyro.
stomach with violence, as wind.
enter on to commence.
Be-gin'ner, n. One who begins; a
v. i. To eject wind from the htomach.
Be-uIn'NING, n. 1. First cause. 2.
n.
Act of belching eructation.
commencement. 3. Ru- BEL'DAM,
First state
n.
[Fr. belle-dame, fine
;

Bee'TLE.

much

n.

used for food.

[A.-S.

1.

wooden hammer.
bitan,

to

mallet or

[A.-S. b'tel, fr.

insect having

2.

An

bite.]

bitl;

bi/tl,

A heavy

beatan, to beat.]

four wings, the outer pair being stiff

cases for covering the others when
v. i. [Cf. A.-S.
they are folded up.
beotan, to threaten.]
To hang or
extend out to jut.
[or cow.
Beeve, n. [See Beef.] A bull, ox,
Be-fall', v.t. [imp. befell; p.p.

Be -GIRD',
girded

first

V.
;

t.

encompass.

to

de-

part.

See
Be-got',
p. p. of Beget.
Beget.
Be-got'tjsn, )
Be-grime', v. t. To soil with dirt.
Be-grGdge', v. t. To envy the pos)

session of.

-ING.]

To

2.

cause to pass without notice.

Svn. To deceive; cheat; amuse.
BE-GUN', p.p. of Begin.

Be-half'

[A.-S. benefe,
(-haf), n.
profit, benefit.] Advantage benefit
defense.
interest
Be-have', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [PreTo carry to confix be and have.]
used
to bear
duct to manage
v. i.
To act to carry
refiexively.
;

one j3

self.

[to deceive.

fog.

Be-fool', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To fool;

Be-fore', prep. 1. In front of. 2.
Preceding in time, dignity, worth,
&c. 3. In presence or sight of. 4.
In the power of.
adv. 1. In front.
2. In time preceding
already.
Be-fore'hXnd, adv. 1. In a state
of anticipation or pre-occupation.
2. By way of preparation or preliminary.
In comfortable circuma.
stances as regards property.

Be-foul', v.
Be-friend',

t.

v.

To make foul to
t.
[-ed;-ing.]
;

act as a friend to

countenance.

Be-fringe',

soil.

To

to aid, benefit, or
[fringe.

To furnish with a
[Turk.] A Turkish
governor of a town a bev.
BEG, v. t. [-GED -ging, 133.] [Prob.
a modif. of to bag.] 1. To ask earnestly. 2. To take for granted.
Syn\
To entreat; solicit; implore;

Beg

v.
(or ba), n.

t.

beseech; supplicate.

v.

To ask alms.

i.

BEGOT, BEGOTTEN.]

p. p.

To_ generate

to produce.
n.
One who begets.

Be-get'TER,
Beg'gar, n. One who begs

a mendicant.
v.t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
reduce to beggary. 2. To exhaust.
Beg'gar-li-ness, n. State of being

beggarly.

[mean

poor.

Beg'gar-ly, a. Extremely indigent

Beg'gar-y, n. A state of extreme
poverty or indigence.
[imp. BEGAN p. p.
v. i.
BEGUN.] L A.-S. beginnan, ginnan.]
1.
To take rise , to commence. 2.

Be-gIn',

i,

&

by some to be the hippopotamus.

Be-HEST', n. [be and hest.] Command mandate injunction.

BE-HIND', prep. 1. At the back of;
on the other side of. 2. Inferior to.
;

ward.

In the rear. 2. BackRemaining. 4. Past.

1.

3.

Be-hind'hXnd,

&

In arrear. 2. In a state of backwardness.

Be-hold', v. t. [imp. & p. p. beheld.]
[A.-S. beliealdan, to hold
To look at to see with
in sight.]
a.

adv.

1.

v.
attention.
to an object.

To

i.

direct the e.>es

Be-h5ld'.en,

[The old p. p. of
p. a.
behold, used in the primitive sense of
the simple verb hold.] Obliged indebted.
Be-hoj.d'er, n.
spectator.
BE-HOOF', n.
Advantage; benefit.
Be-hoove', v. t. [A.-S. behofian, fr.
0. II. Ger. biheffan, to take, contain.]
To be necessary for to be fit for.
;

Be-gan', imp. of Begin.

BE-GET', v. t. [imp. BEGOT, BE-

GAT;

bear ourselves toward others; conduct is

the mode of our conducting, and involves
the general tenor of our actions. Behavior in society; conduct of life.
BE-HEAD', v. t. [-ED -ING.] To
take off the head of; to decapitate.
BE-HELD', imp.
p.p. of Behold.
Be'iie-moth, n. [Heb. beasts, animals, esp. of the larger kind.] An
animal described in Job xl., thought

adv.

Be'ing, n.
1.
Existence.
2. That
which exists in any way.
Be-la'bor,i\ t. 1. To work diligently
upon. 2. To beat soundly.
Be-late', v. t. To retard or make
too late.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To make
as a rope, by taking several

Be-lay',
fast,

turns with

Belch

o, u,y, long; A, ,t, 6,u, , short;

Bel-esprit
beaux-esprits

curity] A cupola or turret in which

a bell is hung.
Be-lie', v. t.
[-ed
-ing.] 1. To
show_ to be false
2. To slander.
Be-lief', n. 1. Assent of mind to the
truth of something. 2. The thing
;

believed.

Syn. Credence; trust; faith; credit.

Be-lie v'a-ble, a. Capable or worthy
of being believed.
;

Involved in

(-rogd'), a.

[be and leaguer; n.]

To beto block up.
(bel'es-pree'), n. ; pi.
(boz'es-pree').
[Fr.]
A man of wit.
BEL'FRY, v. [Ger. bergfriide, b rg.
friede, from berg, mountain, or burg,
castle, citadel, and friede, peace, se-

siege

Be-lieve', v. t. [-ed -ing.] Prefix

be and A.-S. lefan, lyfan, to allow.]
Vo regard as true to credit.
v.
Manner of
1. To have a firm persuasion.
2. To
;

Be-foggjed'

it

round a

(66), v.t.

[-ED;

t.

-ING.]

Go away

(21), interj.

ugly old

p. p.

to surround

Be-gone'

Bel'dame,) lady.] An
[imp. BEGIRT, BEwoman a hag.
begirt.] To gird; Be-lea'guer (-le'aer), v.

materials.

Be-iiav'ior (-hav'yur), n.
BEFALLEN.] To happen to to ocbehaving, whether good or bad.
To come to pass.
cur to.
v. i.
deportment. BeSyn. Conduct
havior is the mode in which we have <>r
Be-fit', v. t. To suit to become.

diments or

Bees'-wax, n. Wax secreted by bees. BE-GUlLE'f-gil'), V- t. [-ED;

To delude by artifice.
Beet, n. [Lat. beta.] A plant hav1.
ing a root

36

[Fr. bozuf, ox, beef,

n.

pin.

[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.

think

to suppose.
n.
One

Be-liev'er,

Be-lIke', adv.

Be-lTt'tle,

who

Probably

?'.

believes.
;

perhaps.

To lower

in char
to depreciate.
BELL, n. [A.-S. b>lle, bellan, to be)
hollow metallic vessel whicb
low.]
gives forth a clear, ringing sound.
Bel'la-don'na, n. [J t., prop, fine
Deadly nightshade, and an
lady.]

acter

v.

t.

extract from

Belle,

n.

much

it.

beau-

[Fr., fr. Lat. bellus,

tiful, fine.]

A handsome young

lady

admired.

Belles-lettres
pi.

[Fr.]

Polite

(bel-let'ter), n.
or elegant litera-

ture,

[beils.

Bell'-found'er, n. One who

Bell'-found'er-y, \ n.
A
Bell'-found'ry, ] where

casts
place
bells

are cast.

Bel-lIg'er-ent, a. [Lat. belhim,

war, and gerere, to wage.] 1. Wag-

ing war.
2. Disposed for war.
itnation or state cany ing on war.

Bell'man (ISO), n. A public crier.

Bell'-met'al (-va&t'l or -met'al), n.
An alloy of copper and tin.
Bel'low, v. i. [A.-S. bellan.] 1. To
make

a noise like a bull. 2. To bawl

n. A loud outcry roar.

to roar.

&

BEL'lows

pi.
(bel'lus), n. sing.
[A.-S. bselg, bag, belly.] An instrument for propelling air through a
tube, for various purposes.
Bell'-ring/er, n. One whose business is to ring a bell.
BEL'LU-INE, a. [Lat. belluinus, fr.
brutal.
bellua, beast.] Like a beast
wether or
Bell'-weth'er, n.
sheep which leads the flock, with a
bell on his neck.
BEL'LY, n. [A.-S. bselg, bselig. See
;

BELLOWS.]

1.

Part of the body

abdo-

which contains the bowels

care, far, Ask, all, what; ere, veil, t*w; pique, fIrm s6n,
;

B^LLI-BAND
men
bles

Bel'ly-band, n. A girth.
Be-long' (21), v. i. [-ed;

adv.
1. In a lower
Inferior to.
place, or state. 2. On the earth, or
in hell as opposed to heaven.
Beneath.
Below is opposed
Syn.
to on high; beneath is opposed to above.
person who is below us at table is not
beneath us. Below has not, therefore,
like beneath, the sense of unbecoming or
unworthy of. We say beneath (not below)
the character of a gentleman, beneath
contempt, &c.

Belt,
2.

[A.-S.] 1.
band or girdle.
restrains or confines.

n.

or charity.
Benevolence.
Syn.

-ing.]

[Pref.be and 0. Eng. long, v. i., to be1. To be the. property of: to

long.]
pertain. 2. To have a legal residence.
BE-LO VED' (be-lUYd' as a p., be-luv'ed
Greatly
as an a., 60), p. p. or a.
loved dear to the heart.
Be-I,OW, prep. 1. Under in place. 2.

Bel've-dere',
an

the top of

Be-maze',
Be-mjre',
or

v.
v.

Be-moan',
lament

[-ed
v. c.
to bewail.

Be-mock', v. l.
Be.nch (65), n.
1.

-ing.]

to be useful
advantage.
to

do good

good

v.

To gain

i.

Disposition to

n.

will.

BE-NEV'0-LENT,a.

[Lat. benevolens,

from bene, well, and volens, wishing.]

Ilaving a disposition to do good.

to.

Syn.
Kindness; benignity; tenderKindness and tenderness lean to
ness.
the side of natural feeling; benevolence is
considerate kindness, and often overrules
mere impulse; benignity is condescending kindness.

[ery.

senior member of
one of the English inns of court.
Bend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. bended
or BENT.] [A..-S. bendun, a modi f.
1. To crook.
of bindan, to bind.]
to apply.
to curve. 2. To incline
3. To render submissive.
v. i.
1. To be strained out of a straight
2. To be inclined or directed.
line.
n. A turn: a curve.
BE-NEATH'. orBE-NEATH', prep. [A.S. beneodh.] 1. Lower in place than

Be-nev'o-lence,

the court.
*.

Syn.

Beneficent

munificent.
Originally, benevolent meant well-it'M;

ing, and beneficent v;e\\-doing ; but now

(with a slight linge of the original sense)
they differ in their outward exercise
chiefly in degree ; a beneficent act being
one on a larger scale than a benevolent
one. while a munificent act is greater and

2.

ado.

Unworthy

BE-NIGN'

[Lat. benignus,

(-nin'),".

from bonus, good, and genus, kind.]

of; unbecomplace.
See

[From Benedick,
one of the characters
in Shakespeare's " Much Ado About
Nothing."] A man newly married.

Full of benignity.
Syn. Kind
wholesome

Be-nig'nant,

a.

Be-nig'ni-ty,

n.

kindness

some

BEN'E-DtCT'lNE,
order of

monks

a. Pertaining to the
of St. Benedict.

a speaking well
ing.

2.

[Lat. benedietio,
1. Act of bless-

n.

of.]

prayer, or kind

Blessing,

wishes.

BEN'E-F ACTION,

n. [Lat. bene/actio,

a doing good.] 1. Act of conferring

a benefit. 2. A benefit conferred.
BiJN'E-FXe'TOR, n. One who confers
a benefit.
[confers a benefit.
BEN'E-F A'TRESS, n. A woman who
n. [Lat. bene fie ium.] An
ecclesiastical living especially a par-

BEN'E-FICE,

sonage or vicarage
OR, DO,

liberal

Something

n.

Be-reave'ment,
bereaved
Italy.]
2.

An

from

State of being

n.

deprivation.

BfiR'GA-MOT,

n.

[Fiom Bergamo, in

1. A species of orange-tree.
essence or perfume obtained
3. A variety of pear.

it.

small pulpy fruit containing seeds

scattered through it.
[From the
(14), n.

BERTH

root of
bear.]
1. Place where a ship lies at
anchor, or at a wharf. 2. A place
in a ship to sleep in.
3. Official

situation or employment.
n. [Gr. /3rjpuAAos.] A greenish mineral of great harduess.
Be-seech', v. t. [imp.
p. p. EE-

Ber'YL,

&

SOUGHT

[Pref. be

and

seek.]

To

ask with urgency.

Syn. To entreat; solicit; implore;
supplicate. Beg supposes sim ply a state
of want: to beseech, entreat, and solicit,
a state of urgent necessity; to implore
supplicate, a state of overwhelming

and

distress.

Be-seem',

Kind
1.

BE-nign'ly

'(-nib/-),

gracious.
2.

AY

hole-

adv. Favorably

graciously.

[diction.

Bn'i-s_on (-zn), n.
Blessing; beneBENT, imp. & p. p. of Bend.
Bent, n. 1. Flexure; curvity. 2.
inclination.
Leaning or bias
3.
;

Particular

beonet.]

tendency.
4.
kind of grass.

Be-NUMB'

[A.-S.

(-num'), v. t. [-ED -ING.]

To deprive of sensibility.
Ben'zine n. Same as Benzole
Ben-zoin', n. A fragrant resinous
substance.
Ben'zole, n.
[Eng. benzoin and

WOLF, TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE,

PL'LL

E.i. o. silent

Be-shrew' (-shru/), v. t. To wish a

Be-side', prep. 1. At the side of. 2.
Aside from out of.
Be-sides/, adv.
More than that
moreover in addition.
prep. Over
and above in addition to.
Be-siege', V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To
beset or surround with armed forces.

Condescending

graciousness.
quality.
;

Habitually atp. a.
tending, or pressing.
[curse to.

generous.

n.

BEN'E-Die'TION,

a gift
property.

Be-quest',

Be-set'ting,

propei ly

Below.
Ben'e-dick,

is

either.

darkness, or ignorance.

In a lower

Ben'e-di'T,

Devise

v. t.
To become to befit.
BE-SET', V. t. [imp. & p. p. BESET.]
1. To put or place, on, in, or around.
Be-nIght' (-nltO, v. t. 1. To involve
2. To waylay
3. To
to blockade.
in darkness. 2. To involve in moral
hem in or press on all sides.

more imposing than

under.
ing.

devise.

denote a gift by will of real pioBequeath is properlv applied to

by will of a legacy i. e'., of personal

to

perty.

treat with mock[A.-S. bene, \Y. bank.]

long seat. 2. A long table at

Bench'er,

Syn. To
used

To

which mechanics and others work. 3.

4. Judges;
seat in court.

v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [AS. becvedhan, fr. pref. be and cvedlian, to say, to speak.]
1 To givo
or leave by will. 2. To transmit.

Brg'mas-ter, n.
Chief officer
among the Derbyshire miners.
Be-RHYME' (-rim'), v. t. To mention
Syn. Advantage
profit; service;
in rhyme
used in contempt.
use; avail.
[A.-S. beria, berie.]
A

[-ed -ING.] To do good Ber'ry, n.

v. t.

To

A judge's

An

act of kindness; a favor con2. Whatever contributes to

happiness or prosperity. 3. A performance, the proceeds of which are
given to a particular person or object.
1.

ferred.

bewilder.

the mire.

soil in

profitable.

n.
1.
holds a benefice. 2. One who
receives the avails of a charit}'.
Ben'e-fit, n. [See Benefaction.]

[It., lit., a beausmall structure on

a garden.

To

useful

who

fish

[-ed; -ing.] To drag

gantly.

Be-queath',

edifice in

t.

t.

Confer-

a.

Lat. oleum^ oil.J An oily substance,

possessing great solvent powers.
Be-praie', v. t. To praise extrava-

left by
will
a legacy.
Ben'e-fi'cial-ly (-flsh'al-), adv. In
Be-rate', v. t. To chide rehemently.
a beneficial manner.
BE-REAVE', v. t. [imp. & p. p. BEBen'E-FI'ci-a-RY (-fish'!-), a. HoldREAVED, BEREFT.] 1. To deprive.
ing some valuable possession, in sub2. To take away from.
ordination to another.
One

ring beuefits

n.

tiful sight.].

neficent manner.
Ben'e-fi'cial (-i'lsh'al).

exist

without the latter, but beneficence always

supposes benevolence.
Be-nLf'I-CENT, a. Doing good.
Syn. Bountiful liberal generous
In a beBE-NEF'I-CENT-LY, adv.

[-ED; -ing.] To encircle as

with a belt to encompass.
n. [Russ. bieluga.]
of the dojphin family.

The former may

ally well-doing.

t.

Be-lu'gA,

Benevolence is

literally well-willing; beneficence is liter-

That which
v.

BESPATTER

37

Something which resem- Be-nef'I-CENCE, n. Practice of dothe belly.

v. i. To swell out.
ing good: active goodness, kindness,
2.

Be-SIEG'EH,

The party that be-

n.

sieges.

Be-smear',

v.

t.

To smear with any

viscous, glutinous mattei.

Be's_OM, n.
of twigs

BE-SOT',

[A.-S. besma.]

A brush

a broom.

V.

[-TED -TING.]
To
by drink
hence, to

t.

make
make

sottish
;
dull or stupid.
Be -sought' (be-sawt/), p. p. of Be[spangles.
seech,

Be-spXn'GLE,
Be-spXt'ter,
spattering.

v.

v.

t.
t.

To

To adorn with
1. To soil by
asperse.

$,G,sqfl; ,G,hard; AS; EXIST; n

a;

BESPEAK
Be-speak',

v.

bespoke, bespoken.]

p. p.

speak for beforehand

Bespread',

v.

Bet'o-ny,

To

to betoken.
To spread over.
To sprinkle over.

t.

Be-sprink'le,tj.*.

Bes'se-mer Steel.

[From the

in-

ventor, Bessemer.]
Steel made directly from cast-iron, by forcing a
blast of air through the molten

metal.

Best,

a. superl.

besta,

[A.-S.

best.]

1. Most good.
2. Most advanced
most complete. n. Utmost highest
adv. 1. In the highest
endeavor.
degree. 2. To the most advantage.

Bes'tial

(best'yal), a. [Lat. be.stialis;

Belonging to a beast,
or having the qualities of a beast.
bestia, beast.]

Syn.

Brutish; beastly; brutal; sen-

sual.

BES-TlXL'I-TY

n.

(best-yaP-),

make

like
Be -stir', v.

(best'yal-),

v.

To

t.

a beast.

To put

t.

Be-YOND',

plant used to dye

wool of a dark-) ellow color.
BE-TOOK', imp. of B'takf.
Be-TRAV, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From
be and Lat. tratJere, to give up.]
1.
To give up treacherously or faithlessly. 2. To discover in violation of
trust.
3. To show or to indicate.

prep.
[A.-S. begeond.] 1.
the further side of. 2. Before, iu
or time.
3. Further than
past.
4. Above, as in excellence, or
quality of any kind.
adv. At a
distance
y ouder.
Bez'el, n. Part of a ring which
holds the stone.
BI'as, n. [Fr. biais, N. Catalan liar,
slope.]
1. A "weight on the side of a
bowl which turns it from a straight
line.
2. A leaning of the mind
propensity. 3. A v. edjze-shaped piece
of cloth taken out of a garment.
Syn. Bent; prejudice; preposses-

On

place,

one

to affiance:

BE-TROTH'MENT,
gagement

A mutual

ti.

en-

a future marriage

for

espousals.

BET'TER,o.

compar. of Good- [A.-S.,

bett, betera ; Goth, batiza, from bats,
good.]
1. Having good qualities in
a greater degree than another. 2.
Preferable i;i any respect.
3. Imn.
1. Advantproved in health.
2.
age or victory.
A superior.
adv., compar. of Well. 1. In a more
excellent manner. 2. More correctly.
3. In a higher degree.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] To increase the good quali,

into brisk or

sion.

V.t
137.]

[-ED, -ING; or -SED, -SING,

incline to one side to pre-

To

BlB, n.

[Lat. bibere. to drink.]

cloth
worn by children over the breast.
Bi-BA'CIOUS, a.
[Lat. bibax.]
Addicted to drinking.
Bib'ber, ii.
drinker a tippler.
Bi'BLE, ii. [Gr. /Si/SAtoy, dim. of /3i'/3Book, or that
Aos, book.]

1m;

ties of.

Syx. To improve;

vigorous actiou.

One who betrays.

To contract to any

BE-TRAV'ER, n.
Be-troth', v. t

BICIPITOUS

n.

1.

2. Unnatural
Quality of a beast.
connection with a beast.

Bes'tial-ize

38
bespoke

[imp.

t.

meliorate;

which contains the Scriptures.

amend;

correct; advance.
BlB'LIC-AL, a.
1 ertaining to the BiBe-stow', f. t. [-ED: -ing.] [See
ble.
Stow.] 1. To deposit for safe keep- Bet'ter-ment, v. A making betBib Li-fG'RA-niER, n.
[Gr. /3i/3Aiing. 2. To make vise of; to apply.
ter
improvement.
3. To give, confer, or impart.
o-yp<i(f>os, fr. /St/3AiW, look, and ypaBET'TOR, h. One who bets.
<j)eiv, to vrue.j
Be-stow'al,
in. 1. Act of be- Bet'ty, n.
One versed in bibA short bar used by
;

Be-stow'ment,
which

stowing. 2. That
donation.

bestowed

is

Be-strad'dle, v. t. To bestride.
Be-STREW' (-stru/ or -stro'), v.

BESTREWED;

Eng.
t.

p.

BE-

STREWED, bestrown.] To

scat-

[imp.

ter over

p.

to strow.
[imp.
v. t.

BESTRID

BE-STRIDE',

BESTRODE

p. p.

STRIDDEN.]
stand or

sit

To
with

or

BESTRID, BE-

stride over
to
the legs extended
;

across^

BE-STRODE', imp. of Bestride.

BE-ST JD', v. t. To set with studs.
Bet,?i.

[A.-S. bad,

pledge, stake.]
That which is staked, or pledged, to
be won or lost on certain conditions
v.t. [-ted -ting.] To
a wager.
stake upon the event of a contest to
;

wager.

Be-take',
p.

v.

[imp.

t.

BETAKEN.]

betook

To have recourse

p.

to

species of pepper, the leaves of which are chewed

in the East Indies.
(h2't\). n.

Beth'el,

n.
[Heb., house of God.]
chapel for dissenters. [Eng.]
2.
house of worship for seamen.
Be-think', v. t. [imp. & p. p. be1.

A
A

thought.]
recall

Be-tide',

TIDED;

v.

t.

To

call

to

mind;

to

a. Pertaining
to
J
bibliography or the history of books.

In the
From one
1.

intermediate space

of.

to another
both of.

Shared by two or

of.

BiB'n-o-GRAPH're,
LlB'LI-O-GRAPH'IC-AL,

[Pref. be, equiv. to

and twain, two.]

3.

2.

Bev'el,

[Fr. bew>au.]
1. A slant of a surface.
2. An instrument for adjusting surfaces to t.ie
a.
same inclination.

Slanting.

v.

-LED, -LING,
angle.

Homage

paid to books, especially to

the Eible.

BlB'LI-0-MAN'CY,77.
[Gr. /3i/3AiW.
book, and pavTeia, divination.]
Divination by electing passages of

v.

t.

137.]

i.

Bev'er-AGE,

Bevel

Scripture at hazard.
BIB'LI-O-IVIA'NI-A, n.

().

[-ED, -ING; or
To cut to a bevel

To slant
[From

off.

[-ed;

t.

LlB'LI-O-POLE/,
AiW, and jrwAetv,

seller.

[-ED; -TNG.]
lead into perplexity or confusion
{'.

To

t.

to
[bewildered.
Be-wil'der-ment, r). State of being
BE-W'lTCH', f. .
[-ed; -ING.]
1.
To affect by witchcraft or sorcery,
[nation.
2. To charm or fascinate.

[Gr.

/3i/3Ai-

ott^Atj?, fr.

to sell.]

/3t/3-

book-

ElB'LI-O-THE'-eAL, a.
[Gr. 0t/3AioBelonging to a liBrJK-q, library.]

BE-Wn/DER,

rage

Pertaining

a.

to a passion for books.

B'ib'li-cp'o-list, n.

To

-ing.]

a rage ior books.

BiB'Ll-o-MA-Ni'AC-AL,

to lament.
to mourn
Be-ware', v. i To be cautious to
take care to take heed.
;

/3i/3Ai'ov,

and curious books.

Bib'li-o-mA'ni-ac, 7i.
One who has
for pcs.-es.-ing lare

Lat. bibere,
ii.
to drink.]
Liquor for drinking.
n. 1. A flock of birds, especially quails. 2. A collection of ladies.
v.

[Gr.

book, and ixavia, madness.

BEV'Y,

grieve for

Ei'B'LI-OG'RA-PHY, 71.
An J.CCOlU.t
of books and manuscripts.
BIB'LI-OL'A-TRY, 71.
[Gr. /3i/3AiW,
book, and Aarpeux, service, worship.-

S yx. Among. Between applies proptwo parties as, a ijnarrcl

between two men, two nations. Among
always supposes more than two.
erly to only

De-wAil',

to resort.

Be'T-EL

by,

liography.

wrench doors open.

thieves to

BE-TWEEM'^cp.

brary.

Bib'list,

lead astray.

ti.

BlB'U-LOUS,

a.

biblical scholar.
[Lat. bibtilus, fr. bi-

bere, to drink.]

Spongy

porous.

Bl-AP'SU-LAR, a. [Lat. bis, twice,

Having two
BEand Eng. capsular.]
BETID.] To happen Be-witch'er-y, 11.
capsules to each flower.
Charm; faseiv.i.
To come to Be-w'itch'ing-ly, adv. In a man- Bice, in. A pale blue paint or pig[i?np.

BETID

or

p. p.

to; to befall.
pass
to happen.
Be-time', ) adv. 1. In good time
Be-times', j
seasonably.
2. In a
short time soon.
Be-to'ken (-to'kn), v. t. [-ed -ing.]
;

1.

2.

I,

0,V,Y, long; X,E,I, 6,

Be-witch'ing-ness,

ti.

Quality of

a.

[Lat. bis, twice

and Gr.

being bewitching.

Be-witch'ment,ti. Powerof charming

D, Y, short;

(-ra'), v.

n.

KectjoAij,

t.

To betray.

Turkish governor,

head.]

Having two

heads.

Bl-ciP'I-TAL,

fascination.

To signify bv some visible object. Be-wray'

To foreshow by present signs.
BEY (ba),
Syn. To presage; portend; indicate.
See Beg.

A,E,

ment.
Bise,
Bi-CEPH'A-LOfjs,

ner to bewitch

\a.

[Lat. biceps ; b.r,

twice, and capui.

Bl-riP'I-TotJS,
Having tw heads or orihead.]
|

gins.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

BICKER
BtCK'ER,

v. i.
bicre, conflict,

BIOGRAPHER

39
BIGHT

person keeps an account of his notes^

[Goth, biugan, to
(bit), n.
bills of exchange, &c.
1. A bend in tne sea-coast.
[Fr.
See BILL, a writDouble part of a rope when fold- BiL'LET,w.
ing.]
A small paper or note a short
ed.
letter. v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To quar
BIg'ness, n. Quality of being big.
ter, as soldiers in private houses.
Of BlG'OT, n. [Fr. bigot; Cf. Sp. bigote,
a whisker hornbre de bigote, a man Billet-doux (bil'le-doo'), n. [Fr.]

[-ED; -ING.] [W.

skirmish.] 1. To ton-

tend in words. 2. To quiver.

Syn. To quarrel; scold; wrangle;
contend; quiver.

Bl-COL'OR,
) a.
[Lat bicolor.]
Bl-OL'OR.ED, )
two colors.
Bi'corn,
a.
[Lat.
bicornis.]
BI-cor'noOs,
Having two horns.
BI-OR'po-ral, a. [Lat. bis, twice,
and corpus, body.]
Having two

bend.]

2.

of spirit and vigor;

terrify, appall.]

It. s-bigottire, to

One

obstinately

creed, opinion, practice, or ritual.

Low

[Lat. bis, twice, and

cyclus, circle.]
two-

L.

wheeled velocipede.
Bid, v. t.
[imp. BID or B.Xde p.p.
BID, bidden.] [A.-S. biddan, to
pray, ask, beodan, to offer, to command.] 1. To offer to pay. 2. To
;

BiG'OT-RY, n. Perverse or blind attachment to a particular creed, or to

certain tenets.
(be'zhob'),
(be'zhob'.) [Fr.]

Bijou

Bi-JOU'try

n.

bijoux

pi.

trinket

(-zhob'-),

a jewel.

Small

?7.

arti-

A game

ball.]

played

with

ivory balls, on a rectangular table.

ii.
[From a fishmarket of this name in London.]
Foul or profane language ribaldry
[Lat.
Bill'ion (biPyun), n.
bis,
twice, and L. Lat. millio. a million.]
According to the French method of
numeration, a thousand millions;

BlL'LINGg-GATE,

according to the English method, a

million of millions.
[Ger. bulge, fr. root beln.
gen, to swell.] A great wave or surge
[into large waves.
of the sea.
BiL'LOW-Y, a. Swelling, or swelled

BlL'LOW,

such as jewelry, trinkets, &c.

Bl-LA'BT-ATE, a. Having two lips.
cles,

declare. 3. To order
to direct.
4.
n.
An offer of a price. Bi-LAM'EL-LATE,
To invite.
a.
Formed of
Bid'der, n. One who bids.
Bl-LAM'EL-LA'TED,
two plates.
BIDE, i'. i. [Goth, beidan.) To dwell Bl-LAT'ER-AL,a. Having two sides.
permanently to inhabit.
1.
v. t.
Bit/BER-RY, n. [Corrupted fr. blueTo endure; to suffer. 2. To wait
berry.]
A shrub and its berry.
for.
BlL'BO, 11. ; pi. BIL/BOEg.
[From
Bi-den'tal, a. Having two teeth.
Bilboa, in Spain, where they were

[curved edge.

love-note or letter,

bille,

bodies.
Big'ot-ed, a. Obstinately and unBi-Ds'pid,
la. [Lit. bis, twice,
duly wedded to a system or party.
BJ-US'pid-ate,
and cuspis, point.] Big'ot-ed-ly, adv. In the manner
Having two points.
of a bigot.

BI'cy-LE, n

and BlLL'-HOOK, n. A small hatchet with

BlLL'IARDS, n. pi. [Fr. billard, from

unreasonably wedded to a particular

Bii/LY,n. A watchman's club.

Bi'lobed, I a. Divided into two
Bi-lo'bate,J
lobes.
[Lat. bis, twice, and
Bi-ma'nous, a.
manus, hand.] Having two hands.
Bi-en'ni-al, a. [Lit. biennalis ; bis,
a. Occurring once in
fabricated.] 1. A kind of shackle or Bl-MEN'SAL,
twice, and annus, year.] 1. Happentwo months.
fetter.
2. A rapier.
Bi-m6nth'ly,
ing once in two years. 2. Continu- Bile, n. [Lat. bills.] A greenish, bit- BIN, n. [A.-S. binn.]
A box or ining for two years, and then perishing.
ter fluid secreted by the liver.
closed place, to hold any commodity.
n. A plant lasting for two years.
_
Bilge, n. [Another form of bulge.] Bl'NA-RY, a. [Lat. binarius, fr. bini,
Bi-en'ni-al-ly, adv.
Once in two
2.
1. Protuberant part of a cask.
two by two.] Compounded of two

years.
n.
[Same root as to bear.]
carriage for the dead.
BlEST'lNGg, n. pi. First milk given
by & cow after calving.
Bl-FA'CIAL, a. [Lat. bis, twice, and
fades, face.] Having the opposite
surfaces alike.
Bi-fa'ri-o&s, a.
[Lat. bifarius.]
1.

Bier,

Tn two rows. 2. Pointing two ways.

BlF'ER-oOs, a.
[Lat. bifer, from bis,
twice, and ferre, to bear.] Bearing
fruit twice a year.
1 a.
[Lat. bifidus, fr. bis,
Bif'id-ate,
twice, and findere, to
cleave.]
Opening with a cleft.
Bi-flo'rate, a. [Lat. bis, twice,

BI'FID,

Bi-FLO'RoDs,

and

Bl-FO'LI-ATE,

Bl'FORM,

Bl'FORMED.

fins, flower, flo-

Bearing two flow-

bloom.]

rere, to

a.
Having two leaves.
a. [Lat. bi/ormis.] Ilav-

hig two forms.

Bl-FORM'f-TY, n. A double form.
Bl-FUR'ATE,
)a. [Lit. bis, twice,

Bi-fOr'A-ted,
and Eng. furcate,
furcated^] Having two branches.
Bi'FUR-A'tio\, n.
A forking, or
I

division into two branches.

B'fG, a.
[W. baic.li, burden.] 1.

Hav-

ing largeness of size. 2. Pregnant.

Syn. Bulky; large; great; proud.
BIg'a-m'ist, n. One who has committed bigamy.
BIg'a-iviy n
Crime of having two
wives or husbands at once.
BlG'GIN, n. [Prob. from the cap worn
by the Biguines.]
A child's cap or
hood a small wooden vessel.
,

OR, DO,

Broadest part of a ship's bottom.

[-ed;-ing.] To suffer a fracture in the bilge.

v.t.

Bi'LGE'-WA/TER,

Water lying on

ii.

a ship's bilge or bottom.

B'IL'IA-RY (bTPya-ry), a.
Pertaining
to, or conveying, the bile.

Bl-LIN'GUAL, a.
[Lat. bilinguis, fr.
bis, twice, and lingua, language.]
Containing two languages.
BlL'IotJS (biPyus). a.
Pertaining to
the bile disordered in respect to the
;

bile

Bl-LiT'ER-AL, a.
an litera, letter.]
.1

[Lat.

twice,

bis,

Consisting of two

letters!

Bilk,

v.

[-ed: -ing.]

t.

[Cf.

Goth.

bilaihan, to mock or deride.] To disappoint, or defraud, by non-fulfillment of engagement.

Bill, n.
1. [A.-S. bile.]
Beak of a
fowl.
2. [A.-S. bill, bil; Skr. b/iil.
to split.] A hook-shaped cutting instrument.
3. An ancient kind of
battle-ax.
4. [Lat. bulla, any thing
rounded.] A written declaration of
some wrong or fault, &c. 5. An obligation given for money.
6. A proposed law. 7. Advertisement posted
in some public place.
8. An account of goods a statement of par;

ticulars.
Bill of Exchange. A written order
from one person to another, desiring the
latter to pay to some person designated
a specified sum of money.

v.

i.

To

join bills, as doves; to

caress.

Bill'-book,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

n.

A book

o, silent

in

9,

which a
soft;

double.

Bi'nate, a.
Bind, v. t.

BOUND,

[couples.

Being double or in
[imp. bound
p. p.
BOUNDEN.]
formerly
;

[Goth, bindan, Skr. bandh.] 1. To

tie together.
2. To confine, restrain,
or hold in any way. 3. To sew or
fasten together, and inclose in a
cover. 4. To oblige.
v. i. To contract
to grow* hard or stiff.
Bind'er,. 1. One who binds books.
2. Any thing that binds
a bandage.
Bind'er-y, n. A place where books
are bound. [An Americanism.]

BlND'lNG,a.

Having power

to bind

Any
or oblige; obligatory.
n.
thing that binds, as a bandage, the
cover of a book, or something used
to secure the edge of cloth from raveling.

Bin'na-CLE,

n.

[Lat. habi-

taculum, habitation, from

habitare,
dwell.]
to
ship's compass-box.

Bin'o-cle

(bm'o-kl),

A
n.

[Lat. bini, two and two,

oculus, eye.]
A telewith two Binnacle,
scope, fitted
tubes joining.

and

Bl-NO'u-LAR, a. 1. Having two eyes.

2. Adapted to the ufe of bet i eyes.
Bl-NO'MI-AL, n. [Lat. bis. twice, and
nomen, name.] An algebraical expression consisting of two terms connected by the sign plus or minus.
Consisting of two terms;
a.
pertaining to binomials.
Bi-5g'ra-pher, n.
One who writes
a person's life.

,H,kard; A; EjiST

as

NG this
;

BIOGRAPHIC
BVo graph'ic,

a.

Aoyos disco urse .] Scienceof life

Bl-PA'ROUS, or BlP'A-ROUS, a. [Lat.
bis, twice, and parere, to bring forth.]
Bringing forth two at a birth.
Bl-PAR'T1TE, or BIP'AR-TITE, a.
,

[Lat. bipartire, from bis, twice, and

partite, to divide.]
Having two correspondent parts.
BPpXr-ti'tion (-tish'un), n. Act of
dividing into two parts.
Bl'PED, n.
[Lat. bipes, fr. bis, twice,
and pes, pedis, foot.] An animal
having two feet, as man.

Bl-sifiG'MENT, p. One of the parts of

i line, or other magnitude, divided
[both sexes.
into two equal parts.
Bi-SEX'y-AL, -sek'shu-), a. Being of
(

Having

a.

roneously, call-

i.

[Lat. bis, twice,

and

Twice folded

to-

plicare, to fold.]
gether.

Bi-QUAD'rate,

In.

Bi'quad-rat'ic,

The power
arising from the

multiplication of a square number

by itself.
[fourth power.
a. Pertaining to the

BIRCH

(18),

biQrk

BiRCH,
Birch'en,

Bird

Having

a.

ray's.

n.
[A.-S. birce, Icel.
tree of several species.

Made

a.

of birch

young of any animal, brood.]

An

n.
calling birds.

American Bison.

n.

Bl-sUL'Otrs,
bis,

a.

and

twice,

[Lat. bi sulcus, from

sulcus,
furrow.]

Cloven-footed, as swine or oxen.

[From A.-S. bltan, to bite.]
The iron mouthpiece of a bridle.
2. A morsel
a bite hence, a small
piece of any thing
a small coin. 3.
A small instrument for boring. v. t.
[-TED -TING.] To put a bit in the
mouth of.
imp. & p. p. of Bite.

Bit, n.
1.

two-legged, feathered, thing animal.

BTrd'-cAge, n. A cage for birds.

BIrd'-call,

instrument for

BTrd's/-eye, a. Seen from above, as Bitch, n. [A.-S. bicce.] The female

if by a flying bird
hence, general.
of the canine kind.
BIrd's'nest," n. The nest in which Bite, v. t.
[imp. & p. p. bit, bita bird lays eggs.
ten.] [Goth beitan.] 1. To cut,
;

Bi'REME,.
and remus,
tiers

[Lat. biremis; bis, twice,

vessel with two

oar.]

of oars.

BIRTH

(18), n.

[A.-S. beord/i, byrdjx.

beran, beoran, to bear, bring forth.]

1. Act of coming into life.
2. Lineage; extraction.
BlRTH'DAY, n. 1. Day in which any
one is born. 2. Anniversary of one's
birth.
BIrth'-mark, n. Some peculiar mark
on the body at birth

BIrth'place,
is

born L

BIrth'right

n.

pitch-like odor.

Bl-TU'MI-NIZE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To jmpregnate with bitumen.
Bi-tu'mi-nous, a. Having the qualities

of bitumen.
n.

[Lat.

bis,

twice,

and

A molluscous animal, having a shell consisting of two

valva, valve.]

a.

Having
two
valves which open
and shut, as the

Biv'ouav

(biv'wak),

n.

[Fr.]

1.

Guard or watch of a whole army. 2

An encampment without tents.
[-ED; -ing.]
v. t.
To encamp

without tents or covering.

a.
Occurring once in

Bi'-week'ly,

every two weeks.

Bizarre (he-zdr'),

Oddin

[Fr.]

a.

manner or appearance.

[caustic.

bites.

Bit'ing.

tattle.

n.

Black,

babbler

telltale.

[A.-S. bliec. See Bleak.]

1. Destitute of light.
2. Very dark
or gloomy.
n.
1. Darkest color.

2.

a.

negro.

v.t.

To make black

[-ed;

-ing.]

to blacken.

Black'-ART, n. Conjuration magic.

Black'a-moor, n. A negro a black.
Black'ball, n. A composition for
;

blacking shoes, boots, &c.

v. t.
[-ED; -ing.]
To reject by black
balls or ballots.
[bramble.
Black'ber-ry, n. The berry of the
BLACK'BiRD, n. In England, a species of thrush
in America, this
name is given to different birds.
Black'board, n. A board used to
write or draw on with chalk.
Black'-cat'tle, n. Cattle of the
bovine genus reared for slaughter,
whatever their color may be.
Black'en, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1.
;

<

(-rTt), n.

ant; reproachful

right to

cocius, baked.]
1. A kind of
bread variously made. 2. Earthenware baked but not glazed.
Bl SECT', v. t.
[-ed -ing.]
[Lat.
;

twice, and secare, to cut.]

divide into two equal parts.
Bi-sec'tion, n. Act of bisecting.
I,

crush, or seize with the teeth

2.
To cause sharp pain to. 3. To cheat
to trick.
n.
1. Act of seizing with
the teeth. 2. The wound made by
the teeth. 3. A morsel. 4. A trick.
Bit'er, n. One who, or that which,

and

A, E,

Bl-TfJ'MEN,n. [Lat.] Mineral pitch;

an inflammable substance having a

severe sarcastic
a. Sharp
To make black. 2. To sully, as
BIt'ta-cle, n. See Binnacle.
reputation.
v. i. To grow black.
Bit'ter, a. [A.-S. biter; fr. bite.] 1.
Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste. Black'fi'sh, n. A fish aught on the
shores of New England tautog.
2. Causing pain or distress to the
Black'-FRI'ar, n. A friar of the
Place where one
mind. 3. Mournful distressing.
Dominican order.
Syx. Sharp severe cruel poign-

which one is entitled by birth.

Bis'cuit (bls'kit), n. [Lat. bis, twice,

bis,

whose

oyster.

[Lat. bissextilis, from bisseztus, sixth

of the calends of March, or Feb. 24,
which was reckoned twice every
fourth year.]
Leap year
every
fourth year, in which a day is added
to the month of February.
a. Pertaining to leap year.
BYs'TER, n. [Fr. bistre.]
darkBls'TRE,
brown pigment.

con-

sisting of birch.
[A.-S. bird, or brid,

(18). n.

a bitter, then a

Bis'TOU-RY, n. [From Pistoria, where Blab, r. J. [-bed ;-bing,136.] [Ger.

blappen.] To tell unnecessarily.
it was first manufactured.]
two
A surgical instrument for incisions.
v. i.
To talk without discretion to

BVquad-rXt'IC,
B2-f.a'dt-ate,
Bi-ka'di-a ted,

first

BlVl-oOs, or Bl'vi-ous, a.
[Lat.
bivius ; bis, twice, and via, way.]
Having, or leading, two ways.

BlS-SEX'TlLE
(-seks'til),

root produces
sweet taste.

parts or valves.

>wer-

which

liquor in
bitter herbs are steeped.
n.
A plant,

Bi'valve,
Bi-valv'ous,
Bi-valv'U-lar,

America popularly, but er-

m
TwlCe
P,Dnate

"

habiting the interior of North

leaves or petals.

Bl-PIN'NATE,
Bi-PIN'NA-TED,
Bl-PLI'CATE, a.

[Gr. /Stow.]

ed the buffalo.
i

n. pi.

Bi'valve,

it.

State or quality

h.

of being bitter.

BlT'TERs,

muth, or containing
Bl'SON (or bi'sn), n.
quadruped in-

two

fl

Bit'TER-ness,

Bit'ter-sweet,

wings.

Bl PET'AL-oi)s,a. Having two

[A.-S. bisceop, biscop, fr.

Gr. 7ri<rK07ros, inspector.] The highest of the three orders of the Christian ministry.
Bish'op-ric, n. A diocese; the jurisdiction of a bishop.
Bis/MUTH, n. A metal of a reddishwhite color, somewhat harder than
lead.
Consisting of bisBi'g'MUTH-AL, a.
2>ISH'op', n.

BPpe'iT'K "--S^feet.
Bl-PEN'NATE,
Bl-PEN'NA-TED,

BLACK-LEAD

40

Pertaining to
biography.

Bi'o-graph'ic-al,
Bi-6g'ra-phy, n. [Gr. /Stos, life, and
The history of
ypd<f>eiv, to write.]
the life and character of a person.
Bi-6l'o-gy, n.
[Gr. /Stos, life, and
j

To

Bit'ter-ish,

a.

Bit'ter-ly, adv.

Black'guard

pitiable.

Somewhat
In a

bitter.
bitter man-

ner.

BlT'TERN,

[N. Lat. botaurus, bostaurus. Lat. taurus.] 1. A wading2.

bird, related to the herons.

[From
mains

..

bitter.]

in salt

concreted.

O, U,Y, long; X,E,1, 6, V, Y, short

(biag'gard), n.

[Orig.

the guard of the devil.] A person of

low character and scurrilous lanv.t.
[-ed; -ing.] Toreguage.
vile in scurrilous language.
Black'ing, n. A preparation used
for blacking shoes, boots, &c.

The brine which re- Black'ish, a. Somewhat black.

[From its color,
works after the salt is Black-lead', n.
and fr. making a mark like lead.] A

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM

SON

.
;

BLIND-WORM

BLACKLEG

41

mineral composed of carbon plumgraphite.

[and cheat.
Black'leg, n. A notorious gambler

BlXnd'NESS, n. State of being bland.

BLANK, a. [Ger. blank, bright, white,

bago

allied to blinlcen, to shine, glitter.]

2. Dis1. Of a white or pale color.
3. Lacking somepirited dejected.

Black'-LET'TER, n, The old Enga.

lish or modern Gothic letter.

thing

Written or printed in black-letter.

Black'-MAIL, n. Extortion of money
[black.
from a person by threats.
Black'ness, n. Quality of being
Black'-pud/ding, n.
A kind of
sausage made of blood, suet, &c.
Black'-rod, n. The usher belonging
to the order of the Garter. [Eng.]
Rlack'smith, n. A smith who works

empty.

Without mixture

4.

n. 1. Any void space. 2.

ticket in a lottery on which no prize
paper unwritten.
3.
is indicated.
Blank verse, Verse without rhyme.
BLANK'ET, n. [Fr. blanchet, from
coarse woolen cover,
blanc, white.]
[-ED;
v. t.
to protect from cold.
-ing ] To toss in a blanket.
Blare, v. i. [-ed -ING.] [Ger. blarren, D. blaren, to bleat, to cry, to
n.
Noise; loud
weep.] To roar.

pure.

in iron.

A spiny
n.
bearing a small black fruit.

Bi,ack'th6rn,

BlXd'DER,

n. [A.-S

plant

blaedre, bladdre.]

A. sac in animals, serving as the receptacle of some secreted fluid.

[A.-S. bleed, that which
n.
springs forth.] 1. The leaf, or flat
part of the leaf, of any plant. 2.
Cutting part of an instrument. 3.
Broad part of au oar. 4. A sharpwitted, dashing fellow.
Blade'-bone, n. Upper bone in the
[blades.
shoulder.
BLAD'ED, p. p. Having a blade or
BLAIN,n. [A.-S.blegen.] An inflammatory swelling a blister.
Blam'a-ble, a. Deserving of censure faulty culpable.
BlAm'a-bly, adv. In a manner deserving of censure.
Blame, t. t. [ed -ixg ] [Gr.
To cen^\a<r<j>r](Jieiv, to speak ill. J
1.
n.
sure
to find fault with.
2.
Expression of disapprobation.
That whk h is deserving of censure.
Syn. Censure; reprehension; condemnation; reproach; fault; sin; crime.

Blar'ney,

Blame'ful, a.
Blame'less, a.

Bla'tant,

Meriting blame.

Without

fault

not

One who

a.

blas-

Containing blas-

1.

To

take out the color of; to whiten. 2.

To make white by stripping off the
peel.
v. i. To grow white.
Blanch'ER, n. 1. One who blanches
or whitens. 2. One who anneals and
cleanses money.

Blanc-mange
Blanc-manger

n.
) (bla-monj'),
[Fr., lit. white
)
preparation of dissolved
food.]
isinglass, or sea-mess, milk, sugar,
cinnamon, &c, boiled.
Bland, a. [Lat. bland ux.} Marked
by soft or soothing qualities.
Syn. Mild; soft; gentle; courteous.
Blan-dil'oquence, n. [Lat. blandiloquentia.] Fair, mild, flattering

Blear-eyed
Bleat,

v. i.

as a sheep.

Bleed,

d.

[eyes.
Having sore
(-Id), a.
[A.-S. blietan.] To cry
Cry of a sheep.
n.

&

[imp.

i.

p.p. bled."

[A.-S. bledan.) 1. To lose blood. 2.

To die a violent death. 3. To lose
sap, gum, or juice. 4. To lo.-e moue>

v.

To take blood from.

1.

t.

2.

a hemorrhage.

v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [0. Fr.

blemir, blesmir, bleme, blesme, pale,

wan.]
1. To mark with deformity;
to mar. 2. To tarnish, as reputan. Any mark of
tion to defame.

deformity.
Spot flaw fault taint ; reSyn.
proach dishonor; disgrace.
Blench, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [See
Blanch.] To shrink to start back

of rocks by gunpowder. 5. A blight.

v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To wither;
to blight. 2. To confound, or strike

with

by a loud

force,

blast.

3.

To

as with gunpowder.
a.
[Prov. Eng. blate, to
bellow.] Bellowing, as a calf noisy*.

split,

Blent, p.

[A.-S. blsese.]

1.

Flame.

v.

i.

[-ED

-ING.]

1.

To shine

To

[From blaze, torch,

e., splendor.] 1. Art of drawing or

rial ensigns.
i.

n.

explaining coats of arms.

2.

Bless'ed

See

BLEAK.]

3.

Enjoying happiness

(60), a.

or bliss happy
Bless'ed-ness,
;

prosperous.
State of being
h.

blessed.

Syn. Happiness; felicity; bliss; joy.

Bless'ing, n. A wish of happiness
pronounced

Blest,

a.

1.

a benediction.

Made happy.

2.

Mak-

ing happy.

Blew

imp. of Blow.
(bllt), n.
1. Mildew; decay.

(blu),

affect

frustrates one's plans

t.
[-ED -ing.] To
;

with blight

BLIND,

to blast.

[A.-S. blind, Goth, blinds.}

2. Hidden
1. Destitute of sight.
a.

unseen

obscure.

v.

t.

[-ED

-ING.]

To deprive of sight or discernment.

Something to hinder sight.
n.
Osten- Blind'fold, a. Having the eyes cov-

tatious display.
Bla/zon-ry, n. Art of describing
coats of arms in proper terms.
Bleach, v. t. [-ed -ing.] A.-S.
blsecan.

To make hapblessing on.

praise, or glorify.

atree, by chipping off bark.

Bla'zon, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
display.
2. To deck
to adorn.
3.
To explain, as the figures on armo-

p. p. blessed
bletsjan, blessjan,

To invoke a

2.

py.

&

fr. blidhe, blithe.]

light.
1.

p. of Blend.

2. To send forth a bright Blight

3. To be conspicuous.
v.t.
2. That which
To make public. 2. To mark, as
or hopes.
v.

with flame.

Bless, v. t. [imp.
or BLEST.] [A.-S.

n.

Flame. A blaze and aflame

Syn.
are both produced by burning gas, but
the former gives light and the latter heat,
the one shines and the other burns.

phemy.

(-wQr-), a. Deservcensurable culpable.

[Fr.
[-ed; -ing.]
v. t.

from blanc, white.]

watery humor.

Blas'phe-mous-ly, adv. In a blasphemous manner.

to flinch.
Blas'phe-my, n. An indignity offered to God by contemptuous words. Blend, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Goth.
blandan, to mix.] To mix together
Blast, n. [A.-S. blsest a puff, fr. blse,To be mixed
to confound.
v. i.
san, to blow.] 1. A destructive wind.
or united.
2. Forcible stream of air from an
Blende,
fr. blenden, to dazn.
[Ger.,
blowing
orifice.
3. Sound made by
zle.]
An ore of zinc.
a wind instrument. 4. The rending

2.

blame; innocence.
ing blame

affect

Blem'ish,

phemes.

Blas'phe-MOUS,

a.
D.m or sore with water
-ing.] To
v. t. [-ed
with soreness of eyes, or a

or rheum.

[Gr.

n.

bleak.

Blear,

flat-

blasphemy.

Blas-phem'er.

cheer

[wind.

of blood

Freedom from

n.

Innocently.

Blame'wor-thv
blanckir,

Ir. bladar,

Light, as from flame. 3. A white

spot on the face of a horse. 4. A spot
on trees made by chipping off bark.

Blame'less-ness,

Blanch,

[Of.

p\a<r<$>r\tJ.eiv .] To speak impiously of,

as of God or Christ.
v. i. To utter

,pLAZE,

meriting censure.
adv.

Blame'less -LY,

n.

Smooth, deceitful talk.

-ing.]
v. t. [-ed

tery.]

Blas-pheme',

Cold

2.

less.

Bleak'ly, adv. Openly as to coid and

Bleak'ness. n. Quality of beiug

To lose, as blood, sap, or gum.

BLEED'ING, n. A running or issuing

sound.

BLADE,

and exposed,

olate

To make

ered blinded, v. t. [-ED -ING.]

To cover the eves of to hinder from
;

seeing.

Blind'ly, adv.

Without

sight,

un-

derstanding, or discernment.

Blind'-man*s_-BOFF, n. A play in
Bland'ish, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
which one person is blindfolded.
bland hi, fr. blandus, mild.] To flat- BLEACH'ER, n. One who bleaches.
Blind'ness, n. Want of sight.
ter by kind words or affectionate ac- Bleach'er-Y, n. A place for bleach- Blind'-side, n.
Side on which one
ing.
tions
to caress
is most easily assailed.
Bland'ish-ment, n. Soft words BLEAK, a. [A.-S. Mac, blaec, pale, Blind'-worm (-wQrm),n. A small
wan, from blican, to shine.] 1. Desartful caresses.
reptile without *eet, like a snake.
white by removing the original color.
To grow white in any way.
v. i.

speech.

or, do,

wolf, too, took; URN, rue, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

c,G,

so/i;

,G,hard; A; E^IST; n as ng

rais-

ELINK

To let blood from to bleed. 2. To

i'. i.
[Ger. bli-nken, blicken, to
stain with blood.
To wink to see with freGuilt or
v.t. [-ED
-ING.] Blood'-guIlt'i-NESS, n.
quent winKing.
crime of shedding blood.
To shut out of sight to avoid.
n.
Heat equal to the
1. A glimpse or glance.
2. A daz- BlOod'-heat, 11.
temperature of blood, or about 98
zling whiteness about the horizon.
;

Blink'ard,

who

One

blink.]

One who

1.

blinks.

[See Bless.]

3l.lfss, n.

gree of happiness.
Blessedness
Syn.

BLOOD'I-LY,arfD.

joy.

ner,

BLOOD'I-NESS,

Blood'less,
Blood'shed,
of

[blithe.

Blithe'some, a.
Gay; merry;
Bloat, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] To cause
to swell or become turgid.
grow turgid to puff out

i.

n.
thick lip.
n.
[Ger. block, lcel. blokkr.]
solid mass of wood,

Block,

Without blood
Slaughter; waste

a.

n.

stone, &c.
2. A connected
row of buildings. 3.
system of one or more pulleys
arranged in a frame.
4.
Any obstruction.
t.
v.
[-ed; -ING.]
To stop; to
Block (3).
obstruct.
Block-ade', n. [It. bloccata. See

n.
)

murderer.

Bed and

a.

in-

flamed by a

[A.-S. blOvan, to blow,

n.

blossom flower of
a plant. 2. Opening of flowers. 3.
An opening to higher perfection. 4.
Powdery coating on certain newly gathered fruits. 5. [A.-S. bluma, a
mass or lump.] A mass of crude iron
undergoing the first hammering.
-ing.] 1. To produce
[-ed
v. i.
blossoms to flower. 2. To flourish.
blossom.]

1.

Block!] The shutting up of a

place by troops or ships.
v. t.
[-ed; -ING.]
To shut up, as a
town or fortress, by troops or ships.
Elock-ad'er, n. One who block- BLOOM'ER,

ades,

Elock'HEAD, n. A
Block' -house,

stupid fellow

Blot,

Block-house.

(blobm'-), n.
The first
forge through which iron passes after

melted from the ore.

n. [Fr.] A person with fair
complexion, light hair, and light
it is

Blonde,

from

kind of lace made of

fine

silk.

(blud), n.
[A.-S. blod, Goth.
bluth.] 1. The fluid which circulates
through the arteries and veins of

der

5.

feeling

2.

I,

consanguin-

lineage.

Temper of mind.

or spirit,
l, E,

Kindred

Descent
;

passion.

v.

flowery.

blOsma.]

blow to flower.
[-ted -ting, 135.]

to

v.

t.

The

t.

7.

4.

6.

Excited

A man

[-EU

Mur-

of
-ing.]

o,v,y, long; A,E,1, o,

fire

[Icel.

2.
|

Disgrace; reproach.

Blotch,

n.

or eruption

Blot'ter.
Blouse,
I

[Fr. blonde,
its color.]

Blood

3.

bloom

[A.-S.

blue eyes.
n.

Blowze,ti. [Same root as

ruddy, fat-faced woman.

Blow'zy

Blowse,
Blow, n.

A pustule
[Cf. Blot.]
upon the skin.

n.
n.

waste-book.

[Fr.]

light,

loose

over-garment.

[0. H. Ger. pluohi.]

blossom; a flower. 2. [Goth, bliggcalamity. 4.
stroke.
3.
van.]
violent
Egg of a fly in flesh. 5.
1. To flower; to bloswind.
v. ?'.
1.

BLEW

som.

v.t.

1.

a.

blush.]

Coarse and

ruddy-faced.

[-ED
v. i.
noisily, or so as to
disfigure the face.
large sea animals.

To weep

-ING.]

Blud'geon,

n.

Blow,

[Cf.

n.]

short stick, with one end loaded.

[A.-S. bleoh, bled.]
1. One
of the seven primary colors. 2. pi.
Low spirits; melancholy. a. 1. Of
the color called blue. 2. Low in spirjt.

its

melancholy.

To make blue.
Blue'bEr-ry,

v.

t.

[-ED

-ING.]

[berry.

kind of whortleBLUE'-BO"OK, n. 1. A parliamentary

publication, so called from its blue
paper covers. [Eng.] 2. A register
n.

of all persons in the employment of

the government. [A??if.]
n.
A fly with a
large blue belly.
,

Blue'-bot'tle,

Blue'-dev'jls

(-dfcVlz),

-j.

Low-

pi.

hypochondria.

Cot-

log.]

Blue'-light

n.

(-lit),

compo-

burning with a blue flame,

u?ed as a night signal in ships, &c.
sition,

Blue'ness, n. Quality ot being blue.

BLUE'-PE'TER, ii. [Corrupt, of blue

repeater.] (British Marine.)

blue
flag with a white square in the center.
literary lady ;

Blue'-stock'ING, n. A
a female pedant.

n.

A high,

steep bank. 2.
t.
To frighten
from accomplishing one's ends.
Blu'ing, n. Something to give a bluish tint, as indigo.
Blu'ish, a. Blue in a small degree.
Blon'der, v. i. I-ed -ing.] [Allied
to blend.] To mistake grossly.
n.
gross mistake.

A game

1.

of cards.

To drive by a current of

v.

Syn. Error; mistake;

bull.

An

error is a wanderm;/ from the ri^ht a

mistake is the 7nw-takingofone thing for
another, through haste, &c.; a blunder is
pomething more gross, a blending or confusion of things through carelessness, ignorance, or stupidity. An error may be
corrected ; a mistake may be rectified ; a
blunder is always blamed or laughed at.
A bull is a verbal blunder, containing a
laughable incongruity of ideas.
Blun'der-bjjss, it. [Prob. fr. D. r/0771. A short
derbus, thunder-tube.]
gun, with a large bore. 2. A stupid,
;

blundering fellow.

Blun'der-er,
BLOWN.] Blun'der-head,

2. [imp.
p. p.
[A.-S. blavan.]
To produce a current of air with the mouth hence,
to puif.
to move, as air. 3. To pant

0, y, short;

(blou'zy),

Blub'ber, n. Fat of whales and other

bletta.]

Blom'a-ry

ity.

n.

2. To
1. To spot or stain.
to obdisgrace.
3. To obliterate;
blur.
n. 1. A spot or stain
scure.

Tin in blocks or in-

n.

gots.

animals.

a. Full of

bloom

Stupidity.

2.

[-ED
v. i.
flower of a plant.
-ing.] To put forth blossoms; to

Block'ish-ness,

Blonde, _
Blond'-lace,

Flowering.

1.
,

a.

Block'-tin,

a.

Thriving in health beauty and vigor.

Bloom'y,
Blos'SOM,

Stupid; dull.
n.

n.
A contrivance for securing a current of air.
n. A tube with a small
orifice for blowing an intense flame
on any substance.

bold.

for ladies.

Block'ish,

Blower,

[From the introducer, Bluff, a. 1. Rude or coarse in manA peculiar costume

ner. 2. Roughly frank.
3. Steep

n.

Bloom'ing,

kind of
n.
fortress of heavy
timber or logs.

To sound, as a wind instru

To deposit, as eggs by flies.
5. To put out of

inflate.

breath.

Mrs. Bloomer.]

[dolt.

3.

To

ness of spirits

cious.

Bloom,

ment.

BLUE,

life.

To

to swell.

Blob'ber-lip,
1.

[dead.

turgid state of the blood-vessels.

Blood'-suck'er, n. An animal that
sucks blood; the leech.
Blood'-thirst'V, a. Desirous to
[vein.
shed blood mm-derous.
BLOOD'-VES'SEL, n. An artery or a
BLOOD'Y (blud'-), a. 1. Stained with
v. t.
To
blood.
2. Murderous.
stain with blood.
Blood'y-flux, n. The dysentery.
Blood'y-mind'ed, a. Cruel fero-

Quality of being

n.

blithe.

Blood-hound.

n.

Blood'-shed'der,
Bl6od'-shot,
bL6oD'-SHOT'TN,

LlIthe'ness,

8S

State of being bloody.

man

In a bloody

Bliss'ful, a. Supremely happy.

BLiss'FyL-LY, adv.
In a blissful
[ness bliss.
manner.
Bliss'ful'ness, n. Exalted happiBlis'TER, n. [From plaster.] A thin,
watery bladder on the skin.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To raise blisters on.
To rise in blister*.
^\ i.
Blithe, a.
[Goth, bleiths.] Gay;
merry joyous sprightly.
Br/lTHE'Lif,af/f. In a joyful manner.
;

ferocious,

bloodthirsty va
riety of dog, of
keen scent

Highest de-

felicity

n.

2.

blind for horses.

2.

air.

4.

Blow'-pipe,

Fahr.

Bl6od'- hound,

blinks.
n.

Blink'er,

[From

n.

BLUNT

42

BlYnk,

glance.]

n.

One apt to
blunder; a stu-

pid fellow.

BlC'NT,
point
v.

t.

a.

1.

Having a thick edge or

Abrupt in address.
-ING.] 1. To dull the

dull. 2.

[-ED

CARE, FAR, ASK, all, what; ere, veil, trm; pique, fIrm; son,

BLUNTLY
edge or point
weaken.
BlGnt'ly, adv.

To

2.

of.

BOND

43
repress or

Unceremoniously.
BlCnt'ness, n. 1. Want of edge or
point
dullness. 2. Abruptness of
;

address.
n.
1. A stain
a blot. 2. A
dim, confused appearance.
3. Injury, as to character, &c.
v. t.
[-BED; -ring, 13i3.]
1. To obscure. 2. To dim. 3. To blemish.

BLUR,

Bob,

1.

humming

because it makes a
A kind of spool.

Bob'bin-et',

or

Bo'A-eoN-STRie'TOR,

n.
[N. Lat.
from Lat. constringere, to
together.]
large and powerful serpent, sometimes thirty or forty
feet long.
[not castrated.
Boar, n. [A.-S.&Sr.] The male of swine
BOARD, n. [A.-S. bord, Goth, baurd.]
1. A piece of timber sawed broad and
thin. 2.
table.
3. Food
enterconstrictor,

draw

tainment. 4. Any authorized assembly or meeting. 5. Deck of a vessel.

6. pi. The stage iu a theater.
v. t.
-ING.]
[-ED
1. To lay or cover
with boards. 2. To go on board of,
or enter. 3. To furnish with food^
for compensation.
v. i.
To obtain
food statedly for compensation.
Board'er, n. 1. One who has his
meals for pay. 2. One who boards a
;

ship.

[boarders.
for

BOARD'ING-HOUSE, n. A house
BOARD'ING-SOHOOL (-skJbl), n.
Boar'ish,

Boast,

Swinish

a.

brutal

[-ed;-ing.]

To

cruel.
exalt,

pointed in-

strument for making holes, &c.

Bod'y,

n.
[A.-S. bodig.]
1. Material
substance of an animal.
2. Principal part, as of an animal tree, army,
&c. 3. A human being. 4. A col,

mass of individuals.

number of things taken

Any

mass.

thickness.

5.

together.

A
6.

(Paint.) Consistency

7.

v.

[-ED

t.

-ING, 142.]

To produce

in definite shape
to em[tect the person.
body,
Bod'y-guard, it. A guard to proBod'y-snatch/er, n. One who robs
graves for the purposes of dissection.
Bog, n. [Ir. & Gael, bog, soft, moist.]

marsh; a morass.

v.

t.

To

An

n.

ore of iron

found

in bogs.

Bog'-trot'ter,

n.

One who

fives

in a boggy country.

Bo'Gus,

a. [A corruption of Borghese,
a noted swindler.] Spurious. \Amer.]

Bo-hea', n. [From Wu-i, the hills

where this kind of tea is grown.] An
inferior kind of black tea.
[Lat. bidlirc]
BOIL, v. i.
1. To be
BOAST'ER, n. One who boasts.
agitated by heat
used of liquids.
Boast'ful, a. Given to boasting.
to effervesce.
2. To bubble
v.t.
Boast'ful-ness, n. State or quali-ed; -ING.] To cook or form by
v.

i.

or extravagantly |>raise one's self.

Syn.
To brag; vaunt; vapor; glory.
v.t. To speak of with pride or exultation.
n. 1 Expression of pride,
or vanity. 2. Cause of boasting.

ty of being boastful.
BJOAT (20), n. [A.-S. bat.]

small

vessel, usually moved by oars.

v.t.
[-ed; -ING.] To transport

open

a.

Boat'-hook.

n.

Navigable for boats.

A long pole, with a

hook, to pull or push a boat.

Boat'man

(150), n.

A man who

manages a boat.

Boat'swatn
ficer

[A.-S. b>jle, b lf>, sore.]

n.
boiling.
painful, suppurating tumor.
vessel in which any
Boil'er, n.
thing is boiled.
BoiL'ER-Y, 11.
place for boiling.
Boil'ing, n. Agitation by heat; eb:

in a boat.
Boat'a-bl,e,

(colloq. bo'sn), n.

An

of-

who has charge of a ship's boats,

ullition.

Bois'TER-otrs, a. [0. Eng. boistous,

Icel. bistr, stormy, furious.]
1. Exhibiting tumultuous violence.
2.
Noisy turbulent.
Syn. Loud; violent; furious tumul;

sails, rigging, colors,

or, do,

&c.

tuous

wolf, TOO, took URN, rue, PULL;

;

In a

boi*.

[boisterous.
terous manner.
Bois'TER-oDs-NESS,n. State of being
Bold, a. [Goth, balths.] 1. Forward
to meet danger. 2. Lacking proper
modesty or restraint rude. 8. Tak;

ing liberties in composition or expres4. Markedly conspicuous.

sion.

Syn. Courageous
;

valiant

daring
brave ;
audacious;
;

manful

impudent.
Bold'ly, adv. In a bold manner.
Bold'ness, n. Quality of being bold.
Bole,h. [Sw. bal.] 1. The body or
stem of a tree. 2. A measure.
Boll, n. [Cf. Bowl, n.] Pod or
capsule of a plant, as of flax periforward

v.

carp.

i.

To form

into a seed-

vessel.

Bol'ster

long
1.
[A.-S.]
(20), n.
2.
pad or support.

under-pillow.

v.

port with a bolster.

to maintain.

Bolt
1.

To supTo hold up

[-LD; -ING.]

t.

1.

2.

[A.-S. bolt, Icel. bolti.]

arrow.
2. A strong pin to

(20), n.

An

fasten or hold something. 3. Lightning. 4. Twenty -eight ells of canvas.

1. To secure
v. t. [-ED; -ING.]

3. To
2. To fasten.
with a bolt.
swallow without chewing. [0. Fr.

bulter, M. II. Cer. biuteln.] To sift

1. To
v. i.
to separate or assort.
move abruptly. 2. To spring sud-

denly aside.

[bolts.

Bolt'er, it. One who, or that which,

Bolt'-head, ii. A long glass
for distillations.
n.
[Lat.]
large pill.
(bum), n.
[Gr.

Bo'lus,

Bomb

a hollow, deep
sound.] A hollow ball
of cast iron filled with

/36ju./3os,

explosive materials, to

be fired from a mortar.

whelm or plunge, as in mud.

B6M'BARD', v. t. [-ED;
Bog'gle, v. i. [-ed; -ING.] [See
-ING.] To attack with,
Bomb.
bombs.
Bug.] To exhibit hesitancy.
Bog'gy, a. Full of bogs; swampy.
Bom/bar-dier', n. A person em-

A Bog '-ORE,

school in which the scholars board

with the teacher.

bidog, short sword.]

lective

intrepid

n.

Syn. To spot; blot; stain; sully.

kind of lace.
v. t.
[-ED; -ing.] To utter Bob'o-l'ink, n.
An American singsuddenly or unadvisedly.
ing-bird.
BLUSH, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. Bob'tail, n. 1. A short tail, or a
ablisian, to blush, blysa, torch.] To
tail cut short.
2. The rabble.
redden in the face, as from a sense Bock'ing, n.
A kind of baize or
of shame, &c.
n.
1. A red color
drugget
from Bocking, Eng.
suffusing the face. 2. Glance view. BODE,r. t. or i. [-ed -ING.] [A.-S.
BlOs'ter, v. i. [-ED -ING.] Allied
bodian. See BID.]
To presage to
to blast.] 1. To blow fitfully. 2. To
foreshow.
talk with noisy violence.
n. 1. Fit- Bod'ice,
)n.
[Prop. pi. of body.]
ful noise and violence, as of a storm. Bod'dI^e,)
Stays; a corset.
2. Noisy, threatening talk.
Bod'i-less, a. Having no body.
Blus'te"r-er, . One who blusters
B6d'I-ly, a. Having or containing a
a swaggerer a bully.
adv. 1. Corporebody; corporeal.
Bo'A, n. [Lat.] 1. A genus of serally.
2. Completely.
pents
2. A round fur tippet.
Bod'kin, n. [\Y. bidogyn, a dim. of
;

noise.]

Bob'bin et',

Blurt,

Bois'TER-ous-LY, adv.

Any thing that

plays loose2. Bait

ly, as at the end of a string.
used in angling. 3. A short, jerking
[-ed; -ING, 136.]
action,
v. t.
To move in a short, jerking manner.
To have a shoit, jerking
v. i.
motion.
Bob'bin, n. [Lat. bombus, a humming,
n.

vehement.

ployed in throwing bombs,

[bombs.

BOM-BARD'MENT, n. An attack with

Bom'bast (bum'biist, 114), n. [L.
Lat.

bombax, cotton.]

style

An

inflated

fustian.

[flated.

B6m-bast'I, a High-sounding;
B6m-bast'I-al-LY, adv. With

in-

in-

flation of style.

Bom/ba-zet',
n.
A sort of thin
BOM'BA-ZETTE', \ woolen cloth.
BOM'BA-ZINE', )n. [Gr. /Soju/Su^, silk,
BOM'BA-SINE', )
cotton.] A twilled
fabric of silk and worsted.
}

Boivt'BlG, a. [Lat. bombyx, silk-worm.]

Pertaining to the silk-worm.
B6mb'-ketch ) (bum'-), n.
A
strong
vessel,
BOMB'-VES'SEL )

carrying mortars for bombs.

(bum'-), a.
Secure
against the force of bombs.

B6mb'-pro~of

B6mb'-shell

(bfinV-), n.

B6n'bon (or bong'bSng),

A sugar-plum.
Bond,

n.

bomb.

n.

[Fr.]

bound.]
1.
2.
A binding

[A.-S. bond,

That which binds.

3.
force or influence

E,i, o, silent; C\G,sq/fc; ,G,hard; AS-, EXIST

legal

as

NG THIS
;

writ-

BONDAGE
ing under seal.

Union of stones Book'-lEarnjED

4.

in
v.t. [-ED

forming a wail.
servitude.

-ing.] To
by giving a bond.
;

secure payment

Bond'age,

of,

n. luvoluntary servitude.

Thralldom;

Syn.

a state of

a.

captivity; slavery.

Bond'ed-ware'house,

ft.

ware-

house for storing bonded goods

bondman_.
ft.

person in a state
One who gives secu-

rity for another.

Bond'wom'An, ft. A woman slave.

Bone (20), . [A.-S. ban, Goth, bain.]
A hard, whitish substance, compos-

ing a skeleton.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
1. To take out bones from.
2. To

put whalebone

Bone'set,

into.

ft.

plant

thoroughwort.

One who

ft.

sets

broken and dislocated bones.

Bone'-SPAV'IN, n.
A bony excrescence on the hock of a horse's leg.
Bon'FIRE ft. [Fr. bon. good, and Eng.
,

A fire to express public joy.

(bSng'mS'), n. [Fr.]
witty repartee a jest.

fire.]

Bon-mot

covering for
the head. 2. Addition to a sail. 3.
A dome-shaped casing or appendage.
B6n'NI-ly, adv. Gayly handsomely.
Bon'NY, a. [Fr. bon, bonne, good.]
[Fr.]

1.

Handsome; beautiful.
Bon'ny-clab'Ber, m.
baine, milk,

and

[Tr.

bainne,

clabar, r/iuti.]

Thick

part of milk-that has become sour.

Bon Ton

(b5ng t5ng).

[Fr.,

good

tone.] Fashionable society.

l3o'NUS, n. [Lat.,good.] A premium
given for a loan, charter, or other
privilege.

BON-VIVANT
[Fr. bon,

A jovial
fiON'Y, a.
bones.

(bong've-vong'),
w.
good, and vivant, living.]

companion.
1.

2.

Full

A priest

of different Oriental

1.

BOOM'ER-ANG,

V.

Kind

2.

(27), n.

[A.-S. bOc,

from

bdce,

beech, because the ancient Saxons

wrote on beechen boards.] 1. Sheets
of paper bound together, whether
printed or not.
of a work.
v. t.
enter in_ a book.

sub-division
[-ED -ing.] To

2.

a.

1.

Gift

Gay; mer-

bountiful.

n. [A -S. gebur, D. boer; fr. A.buan, to inhabit, cultivate.]

A
clown a rude and illiterate person.
BoliR'ISH, a. Clownish rustic.
S.

lift

v.

Boo'sy,
Boo'zy,

a.

Boast,

[Cf.

t.

from behind

to

v.

To

?'.]

push up.

little

intoxicated

fuddled.

Boot,

drawing

Boot'-LAST,

n.

An

instrument for

off boots.

Bootless, a.
Boot'-tree,

[itable.

Unavailing; unprofAn instrument to

ft.
stretch the leg of a

boot.
.

tribute.]

violence

2.

A worm

in-

that

Born

and Borne, p. p.
BOR'OUGH (bQVo), v.

of Bear.
[A.-S. bvrvk,
burh, burg, fr. be organ, to hide, defend, be prominent.]
An incorporatedtown that is not a city.
Bor'row (boVro), r. t. [-ed -ING.J
[A.-S. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge.]
1. To take from another on trust,
with intention to return or give an
equivalent for. 2. To appropriate.
;

One who boirows.

[From 0. Eng. bvsk,

n.

ft.

Wood

underwood.

Bosh,

n.
[Prov. Eng. bosh, dash,
show.] Nonsense; foolishness. [ColBosk'y, a. U'oody bushy.
[log.]
Bps/OM, m.
[A -S. bCsvm.] 1. The

breast or its covering. 2. The breast,

as the seat of the sensibilities. 3.
Any inclosed place.
[-ED;
v. t.
-ING.] To inclose in the bosom.
Boss, n.
[Ger. .butz, butzen, something cloddy or stumpy, point, tip.]
1. A stud
a knob.
2. Any protuberant part.
3. [D. baas, master.]
A master workman.
Boss'Y, a. Containing, or ornamented with, bosses.
Bo-TAN'l,
) a.
Pertaining to botBo-TAN'l-AL, )
any.
Bo-tan'ic-al-LY, adv. In a botan;

v. t.
[-ed -ing.] 1. [A.-S.
compensation.]
To profit to
advantage. 2. To put boots on.
n. 1. Profit gain advantage. [Fr.
botte, A.-S. butte ,bytte.]
2. A covering for the foot and leg. 3. An
apron for a carriage, to defend from
rain and mud. 4. pi. A servant at
hotels v. ho blacks the boots.
Boot-ee', n. A half or short boot.
Booth, n. [Icel. bfrdh, W. bwtk.]
A temporary shelter of boards or
boughs of trees.
but,

BOOR,

Boost,

Ore who bores an

strument for boring.

pierces wood.

Eng. bush.]

grant; present.
ry.

1.

Bosc'age,

Boomerang.

[Lat. bonus, good.]

ft.

n.

B6r'row-er,

weapon used

Boon,

wearies.
v., imp. of Bear.
Bo'RE-Al,,. [Lat. borealis, fr. Boreas, the north wind.] Northern per-

taining to the north.

A remarkable misby the natives of

Hole made

1.

by boring; cavity of any nie-ann;

caliber.
2. One who, or that which,

A worm Bor'er,

Boot'Y,

sects.

[Fr. boubie.} 1. A waterft.

fowl allied to the pelican.
2. A
dunce a stupid fellow.
Boo'by-hut, h. A kind of sleigh,
with a covered top.

Boo'BY,

BOOK

[Amer.]

ft.

or mite that eats holes in books. 2.

student addicted to books.
[See Beam.]
1. (Naut.)
Bo"OM, n.
A spar to extend the bottom of a sail.
2. A line of spars across a river or
other water. 3. A hollow roar, as of
waves or cannon.
v. i.
-ED;
-ING.] 1. To rush with violence. 2.
To make a hollow sound or roar, as
of waves. 3. To cry, as the bittern.

Boot'-jack,
or pertaining to,
large or promi-

of,

Having

nent bones.
Bon'zf. ft.
[Japan, busse, a pious

man

(-warm),

sells

shop where

ft.

n.
are kept for sale.

Australia.

Bone'-set'ter,

Bon'NET,

books

sile

medicinal

One who

n.

Bo"ok/-st6re,

[of slavery

Bonu'-slave,
Bonds/man, n

Bo^K'-SELL/ER,

BOOK'WORM

in.

Bond'maid, ft. A female slave.

Bond'man, ft. A man slave.
Bond'-sErv'ant, ft. A slave

Versed in
(60), a.
books; ignorant of men.
ft.
Learning ac[books.
quired by reading only.

BOok'-learn'ing,

BOTTLE
enter by boring. n.

[Tcel. byti, byta, to disSpoil taken in war, or by

plunder.

.
A child's play.
BOR'AGE (bur'rej), ft. [Low Lat. borago.] An annual garden plant, formerly esteemed as a cordial.
BO'RAX, ft. [Ar. bbraq, niter, saltpeter.]
salt formed by a combination of boracic acid with soda.
BOR'DER,ft. [A.-S. bord. See BOARD.]
Outer part or edge of any thing.

Bo-peep',

ical

manner.

ft. One skilled in botany.

V. i.
[-ED; -ING.] to
seek for plants for the purpose of
botanical investigation.
B6t'a-NY, .
[Gr. po-ravri, herb,
plant.]
The science which treats of
plants, their classification, &c.

Bot'an-'ist,

BOT'A-NIZE,

Botch,
1.

n.

Boss and Patch.]

[Cf.

patch of a garment.

2.

clum-

sy performance.
v. I. [-ED -ING.]
To mend in a clumsy manner.
Bot'-fly, ft. An insect troublesome
;

to domestic animals.

Both

a.

(20),

&

pron.

[A.-S. 66;

bUtu, butvti.] The one and the other;

conj. It precedes the first
the two.
of two co-ordinate words or phrases,
and is followed by and before the
other.
Both'er, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
teate or perplex.
ft.
One who, or
that which, bothers annoyance.

Bot'RY-OID,
[Gr. jSorpos, a
a.
cluster of grapes,
Syn. Verge; brink; margin; brim; Bot'ry-oid'al,
Book'-bind'er, ft. One who binds
rim; boundary.
and elfio?, form.] Having the form
books. _
[shelves for books.
v. i. To touch at the edge.
v. t.
of a bunch of grapes.
Book'-oase (109), ft. A case with
[-ED -ING.] To make a border for. Bots,
ft. pi.
[Prob. fr. bite.] Small
Book'ish, a. Given to reading.
B6r'der-er, ft. One who dwells on a Botts, ( worms in horses' intestines.
Bo"ok'ISH-ness, ft.
Addictedness to
Bot'tle, m.
border.
[Fr. bouttille, fr. botte,
;

books

(109),

keeps accounts.

BobK'-KEEP'lNG,
A, E,

l,

B6RE,f.

fondness for books.

Book'-keep'er

ft.

o, u, \,long;

ft.

One who

[accounts.
Art of keeping

t.
[-ed; -ING.] [A.-S. borian.] 1. To penetrate with an auger, gimlet, or the like.
2. To weary
by iteration.
v. i.
To pierce or

l,t,i, 6,0, Y, short; care, Far, ask; all,

cask.]

1.

mouth,

for

of a bottle,

vessel with
liquors.
2.

v.

t.

[-ED

a narrow
Contents
-ING.]

To

inclose in bottles.

what; ere,

VEIL,

trm; PIQUE, fTrm son,

;

BOTTLE-HOLDER
the rounds.

[A.-S. bot?n.] 1. Lowest part of any thing.

2. Jbouudation base. 3. Low land a daie a
valley. 4.. Keel of a vessel
hence,
the vessel inseif. 5. Power of endur-ing.]
ance. 6. Dreg=!.
v. t. [-ED
1. To found or build.
2. To furnish
with a seat or bottom.
i^ot'TOM-less, a.
Without a bot;

tom

hence, fathomless.
Contract* by which
n.
a ship is bound as security for the
payment of money advanced or lent.
Boudoir (bocVdwor), n. [Fr.] A
;

B6t'TOM-ry,

lady's private room.

Bough

(bou), n.
[A -S. boga, from
beogan, btigan, to bow, bend. J A
large branch of a tree.
Bought (bawt), imp. & p. p. of Buy.

Bouillon
Broth

(bJOPyoug), n.

[Fr.]

soup.

Boul'der,

See

n.

Bowlder.

(b JoPvar'), n.

[Fr

Eng. bulwark.} A public walk or

street on the site of a demolished

fr.

fortificatiou.
/3os,

[-ed -ing.] [Gr. p6/xa hollow, deep sound.] To ieap

v.

i.

or spring suddenly.
den leap or bound.
or thump.

Boun'CER,

n.

n.

2.

1.

A sud-

heavy blow

One who bounces.

A liar. 4. Some-

1.

A bold lie.

2.

thing big.

Boun'cing,

Stout; lusty.
BOUND, n. 1. Limit confine extent boundary. 2. A leap
a jump.
[-ed; -ING.] 1. To limit;
v. t.
a.

to restrain

to confine.

2.

To men-

tion the boundaries of.

v. i.
[Gr.
a hollow, deep sound.] 1. To
to
to leap

/36/u./3os,

move forward by leaps

jump. 2. To rebound.

p. of Bind.
going.

Bound'a-ry,

Destined

a.

imp. & p.
tending
;

That which fixes a

limit esp. a visible mark.
BoUND'.EN(bound n),a. [Fvombind.]
n.

Made obligatory binding.

Bound'less, a. Without bounds
;

confines

or

infinite.

Boun'te-oOs
give freely

Disposed to

a.

(65),

generous

(bobrss), n. [Fr.,fr. Gr./3vptra, skin, because a purse was made

of leather.] A French exchange.
Bout, n. [0. Eng. bought, bend. See
trial.
2.
1. A contest
Bight.]
As much of an action as is performed
at one time.
Bo' VINE, a.
[Lat. bos, bovis, ox.]
Pertaining to cattle of the ox kind.
(bou), v. t. or i. [-ed; -ing.]
[A.^S. bhgan, beogan, Skr. blitidj, to
used esp. of
be bent.]
To bend

munificent.

tree or a shrub.

with clenched
head or ear.
1.

Bow

n. 1. An inclithe head or body.

nation of the head, or the body. 2.
Rounded part of a ship forward.
[See supra, and cf.
(bo), n.
Bough.] 1. A weapon for shooting
arrows. 2. An instrument having a
curved form.

Bow

[Lat. botellus,

(bou'el), n.

a small sausage.]
1. One of the intestines
chiefly in the pi,
a gut
2. Interior part of any thing. 3. Tenderness compassion.
v. t. (137) Ti.
take out the bowels of
Bow'er (bou'er), n. [From bow.] 1.
An anchor at the bow of a ship. 2.
[Ger. bauer, a peasant, the knave in
cards.] One of the two highest cards
in the game of euchre. 3. [A.-S. b^ir,
from Goth, bauan. to dwell.] A cot;

tage.

4.

An

a.
Covering, as a bower
containing bowers.
BoWie-KnIfe (-nTf), n. A peculiar
kind of knife, worn as a weapon
from its inventor, Col. Bowie.
;

n.

[A.-S. bolla,

Bowl,

mass of rock, transported by natural

agencies from its native bed.
(bo'legd), a. Having
crooked legs.
[at bowls.
Bowl'er (b5P-), n. One who plays
Bow'line, n. [Prop, the line of the
bow, lor bend.] A rope to keep the
weather-edge of the sail tight for-

BoW-legged

ward.

Bowl'ing-AL'ley,

t.

2. To furTo strike with

To fight with the

inclose in a box.
3.

[fist.

fist,

Box'ER, n.
Box'haul,

One who

fights with hie

[-ed; -ing] To
wear, as a ship, in a certain manner.
BOY, n. [Prov. Ger. bua, bue,D. boef.
Cf. Lat. pupus ; A.-S. & Dan. plge}
a little girl.] A male child a lad.
Boy'hood (27), n. State of a boyv.

t.

Boy'ish, a. Childish puerile.

Boy'ish-ness, n. Manners or behav;

ior of a boy.

BRA'ATE,a.

[Lat. braccatus, wear-

ing breeches.] Furnished with feath

ers which conceal the feet.
Brace, n. [Lat. brachia, the arms
(stretched out).] 1. A prop or support. 2. That which holds any thing
3. A character connecting
firmly.
two or more words or lines, thus,
boll, )4. A pair. 5- A strap. -v. t.
[-ed;-ing.]
bowl.)
1. To support to prop. 2. To tighten.
1

Brace'let,

[Fr., fr. Lat. brachi-

n.

Ornament for the wrist.

Brach'i-al, or BRA'CHi-AL,a. [Lat.
i*w, -arm.]

n.

ing

to,

Belongor resembling, an arm.

BRA-HYG'RA-PHY,
short,

n.
[Gr. /Spec's
Art
ypatyeiv, to write.]

and

of writing in short

covered

hand

stenogra-

phy-

any round BrXck/en, n.

vessel.]
1.
concave vessel.
2.
Hollow part of any thing.
3. [Lat.
bulla, any thing rounded by art.]
ball for rolling on a level surface.
v. t.
[-ed; -ING.]
To roll as
a bowl.
1. To play with
v. i.
bowls. 2. To roll the ball on a level.
Bowl'der, n. [See
ball.]

v.

brachialis ; brachium, arm.]

arbor.

Bow'er-y,

Bowl,

To

[Cf. Gr. nv$

blow on the
[-ED; -ING.]

7.

fist.]

nish with boxes.

v. i.
the hand.

Boulevard
Bounce,

Bourse

Bow'ei,

BRAIN

45

fSOT'TLE-HOLD'ER, n. One who aids

a boxer, by giving him refreshment,

&c, between
Bot'tom, n.

Fern.

Brack'ET,

n.
[0. Fr. braquet, from
1.
small
Lat. brachium, arm.]
projecting support. 2. One of two
hooks, [ ], used to inclose an expla[-ED
nation, note, &c.
v. t.
-ING.] To place within brackets.
Brack'ish, a.
[D.
L. Ger. brak,
[brackish.
brackish.] Saltish salt,

&

Brack'ish-ness, n. Quality

of being

BRA-GT,

n. [Lat. bractea i & thin plate.]

small leaf or scale, from the axil of

which a flower proceeds.

BrXd,

[Cf. Dan. braad, prick,

n.
A kind of nail, with a slight
projection at the top on one side.
Brag, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Cf. Icel.
bragga, to adorn, W. bragiaw, to
swell out.]
To swagger to boast.
2. A game at cards.
n. 1. A boast.

sting.]

BOUN'TE-OUS-LY, adv. Liberally.

place for playing at bowls.
Bowl'ing-green, n. A level piece Brag'ga-do'ci-o (-do'shi-o),
BOUN'te-OUS-ness, n. Liberality.
n.
Boun'ti-ful, a. Free in giving muot' ground for bowling.
[From Braggadocchio, a character
BoW-shot, n. Space which an arnificent
generous.
1. A
in Spenser's Faery Queen.]
row may pass when shot.
Boun'ti-ful-ly, adv. In a bountiboaster.
2. Empty boasting.
;

ful

good.]
A.

BoWsprIt

manner.

Boun'ty,

[Lat. bonitas, fr. bonus,

n.

1.

Liberality

premium

BOU-QUET'

to

generosity. 2.

encourage some object.

(bob'ka/ or boiVka), n.
a bunch of flowers. 2.

A nosegay;

1.

perfume or aromatic odor.

Bour-geois'

(bur-jois'), n.

ggt^ Bourgeois type.

Bourn,
n. [Fr. borne.] 1. A limit
Bourne, j goal. 2. Stream or rivulet.

0R DO, wolf, too TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

a

,,

[Prob.

from a type-founder of that name.]

A small kind of type.

(bo'sprit or bou'sprit), n. Brag'GART, n.

[0. Fr. bragord, vain
[Boiv (of a ship) and sprit.] A large
bragging.] A boaster a vain fellow.
spar projecting over the stem of a
vainly ostentatious.
a. Boastful
vessel, to carry sail.
BrAg'ger, n. One who brags.
Bowstring, . 1. String of a bow. Brah'ma, n. First person in the
2. A string used by the Turks for
the creator.
trinity of the Hindoos
strangling offenders.
Brah'man, n One of the upper caste?
Box, n. [Gr. ttv^is, a box, esp. of Brah'min,
among the Hindoos.
box-wood.] 1. A case or receptacle. Braid, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S. bre2. Inclosed space with seats in a place
n. A cord
dan.] To weave to plat.
of amusement.
3. A hollow iron
or other texture, formed by weaving.
in which an axle-tree runs. 4. Buck- BRAIL, n. pi.
[Lat. brara, bracx
et of a lifting pump. 5. Driver's seat
breeches.] Ropes to haul up sails.
on a carriage.
6. [Gr. 7ruos.]
A BRAIN, n. [A.-S. bragtn.] 1. The
.

E,

I,

O, silent

C, 6, soft;

,5, hard; AS; EXIST

gasNU; THIS

BRAINLESS

BRAKE,

n. [L. Ger. brake, brushwood.]

fern.
2.
place overgrown
thicket. 4. [ From
3.
root ot break.]
An instrument to
Handle by which a
break flax.
5.
1.

with brakes.

pump, &c, is worked.

6.

Mechanism

motion of a carriage.

to retard the

arrogant menace; a boast.

boasting feuow.

Brave,

to

is

BRAM'BLE,

[A.-S.

n.

brembel.]

1.

The raspberry or blackberry shrub.

2. Any rough, prickly shrub.
Bran. n. Coat of the seed of wheat,
rye, &c, separated from the flour.
BRANCH, n. [Ger. branke, claw, W.
'

braich, arm.]

1.

limb

a bough.

Any

part extended from the main

body of a thing. 3. A subdivision a
department.
v.i. [-ED; -ING.] 1.
To spread in branches. 2. To divide
into separate parts.
v. t. To divide
as into branches.
2.

Branch'let, n. A little branch.

Branch'y, a. Full of branches.
Brand, n. [A.-S., from brinnan,
burn.]

1.

stick.

2.

A burning
A sword.

to

or partly burnt
3. An iron for

burning a mark on something.

4.

A stigma.

Quality kind. 5.
v. t.
[-ED; -ing.] 1. To burn with a hot
;

2. To stigmatize.
n.
[See
species of wild goose.

iron.

Brand'-goose,
BrAn'dish,

Brant.] A

[-ED; -ING] From

brand, a sword.]
To wave, as a
weapon; to shake or flourish.
n.
A flourish, as with a weapon.
Brand'ling, n. A small red worm.
Brand'-new, . [See Brand.] Quite
new, as if fresh from the fire.
Bran'DY, n. [O.Eng. brandwine,\. e.,
v.

t.

burned wine.]

spirit distilled

from

2.

A
It.

Of noble or
Excellent

1. A brave person;
esp., an
n.
Indian warrior. 2. A hector; a bully.
v.t.
[-ED
-ING.]
To encounter with courage to defy.
BRAVE'LY, adv. In a brave manner.
Brav'er-y, n.
1. Quality of being

Ostentation.
heroism; intrepidi-

2.

Courage;

Syn.

gallantry
dauntlessnebs
valor
audacity.
Courage is that firmness of
;

which meets danger without fear;

bravery defies or brares it, and shows itself in outward acts; audacity is bravery
running out into rashness.
Bra'vo, n. ; pi. BRA'VOiis. [It. See
Brave.] A daring villain an assassin.
interj
Well done.
spirit

Brawl,

v.

[W. bragal, to vocifer-

i.

brag
brawl, boast.]
1. To
quarrel noisily and indecently. 2. To
complain loudly.
3. To roar; as
water.
n.
A noisy quarrel.
Brawl'er, n. A noisy fellow.
Brawn, n. [0. H. Ger. brato, fatness.]
2. Muscular
1. Flesh
of a boar.
strengtl
hence, the arm.
Brawn'y, a. Having large, strong
muscles.
BRAY, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Icel. braka,
to break, A.-S. bracan, to rub.]
To
pound or grind small. v. i. [Fr.
braire.]
To utter a harsh cry, as an
ass.
n. Harsh sound of an ass.
Bray'er,m. One who brays like an
ate,

ass.

n.

[From

An

bray, to grind.]

instrument for mixing or spreading

[From brass.]
1.
an alloy of brass and
To harden to impudence.

v.t.
solder with
zinc.

2.

Bra'ZEN

(bra'zn), a.
to, or made of, brass.

v.

n.

Bran'ny,

Brant,

a.

n.

(109), a.

See

(-fast),

a.

Impu-

Consisting of, or resembranta.] A species of

[It.

[A.-S. brire, bryce.

n.

Break.]

1.

To

&c,

seaweed,

off

from.

Breast,

n.
[A.-S. breost.
The root
A.-S. berstan, Eng. burst.]
1.
Fore part of the body next below the
neck.
2. The glaT ;ds, in females, in
which milk is secreted. 3. Seat of
is

consciousness, the

See

Act of breaking.

Opening made by breaking.

fraction, as of a law. 4.
up of amicable relations.

3.

2.

In-

breaking

affections,

the heart.
v. t.
To
breast, or manfully.

Sec.

meet with the

BREAST'-BONEjW.'l'oneof the breast

to

which

ribs are attached.

A
(-not), n.

Breast'knot

knot of

ribbons worn on the breast.

Breast'pin, n. A pin worn for ornament on the breast.

Breast'plate, n. 1. Armor worn
upon the breast. 2. A strap that
runs across a horse's breast.

by the breast,

n.

kind of

plow,

driven

for cutting turf.

Breast'work

(-wurk), n.
sive earthwork breast-high.

2.

Brand- BREACH,

[bling, bran.

/
fast), n.
The first
v.i. [-ED;-ing.]
in the day.
eat the first meal in the morning.
Break'wa-ter, n. Any structure
to break the force of waves.
Bream, v. t. To burn filth, as grass,

meal

Impudent. Breath,

Bran'-new
new,

BREAK'FAST(brek

Pertaining

[Probably a modif. of
[manner.
dent shameless.
wrangle a squabble.
BRA/Z.EN-LY, adv.
In an impudent
v. i.
To wrangle to squabble.
Bra'zier (brasher), n. [See BraBrank, n. 1. Buckwheat. 2. [Cf.
sier.] 1. An artificer who works in
Branch.] A bridle for scolds.
brass.
2. A pan to hold coals.
wrangle.)

1.

To be impudent.

i.

(a.) To bruise.
(0.) To weaken,
impair, or subdue.
\Fig.) To im.
part cautiously, (c.) 'lo make bankrupt, (d.) To cashier,
v. i. 1. To
come to pieces.
2. To open spontaneously.
3. To appear; to dawn.
4. To burst forth violently.
5. To
fail in business.
1. An openn.
ing. 2. Interruption. 3. The dawn.
Break'age (45), n. 1. A breaking.
2. Allowance for things broken.
Break'er, n. 1. One who, or that
which, breaks. 2. pi. Waves breaking into foam against the shore, &c.

Breast'-plow,
To Breast'-plough,

ink.

Braze,

BROKEN\

3.

Courageous; gallant; valiant;

valorous; bold; intrepid; fearless.

ty

BROKE

obs.); p. p.
or
[A.-S.
Goth, brikan.]
1. (a.) To
strain apart; and (Fig.) to disclose.
(b.) To violate,
(c.) To interrupt;
to terminate.
2. lo dash to pieces.

&

and

Syn.

BRA'ZN-FACD

wine, &c.

Bran'gle,

1.

2.

beautiful.

brave.

n. One whose busimanage a brake.

brave, Sp.

[Fr.

a.

bravo, courageous.]
admirable courage.

Brake 'man (150),

ness

BREECHES

46

whitish mass in the upper cavity

of the skull. 2. The understanding.
v. t.
To dash out the brains of.
BRAlN'LESS,a. Without understanding witless.
Brain'-PAN, n. Skull cranium.
Brain'-sick, a. Disordered in the
understanding.
soft

[A.-S. brsedh.]

n.

defen1.

Air

2. Act or power of breathrespired.

respite. 4.
ing. 3. Time to breathe
an insingle respiration or act
breeze.
slight
stant.
5.
;

Breath' a-ble,

a.

Capable of being

breathed.

Breathe, v.i.

[-ed;-ing.]

1.

To

hence, to live. 2. To take

breath to rest. 3. To pass, as air
v. t. 1. To
exhale
to emanate.
to
respire

respire.

2.

To

utter softly.

3.

To

emit, as breath. 4. To suffer to take

breath. 5. To put out of breath.
2.
1. Respiration.
n.
brasier, braisier, from braise, live
Aspiration. 3. Tent.
v.t.
To make a breach in the
coals.]
A pan for holding coals.
Breath'less, a. 1. Out of breath.
walls of.
BRASS, n. [A.-S. bras.] 1. A yellow Breach'y, a. Apt to break fences
2. Dead; expired.
alloy of copper and zinc.
Breath'less-ness, n. State of bo2. Impuapplied to unruly cattle.
Bread, n. [A.-S.] 1. Food made of
ing breathless.
Brass'i-ness, n. Quality or appearflour or meal. 2. Provisions in gen- Breccia (bret'cha), n. [It.] A partyance of brass.
eral,
colored rock composed of angular
[bread is made.
Brass'Y, a. 1. Pertaining to brass
Bread'~ORN, n. Grain of which
fragments, united by a ce,ment.
1.
hard as brass. 2. Impudent.
[See Breeches]
Breadth (108), n.
[A.-S. brado, Breech, n.
BRAT,n. [A.-S. bratt, cloak, rag.] A
Lower part of the body behind. 2.
braed, from brad, broad.] Distance
childj
in contempt.
Hinder part of any thing.
from side to side width.
[A.-S
Bra-va'do, n. [See Brave.] 1. An Break, v. t. [imp. broke (brake, Breech'es (bricb/ez), n. pi.
wjld goose.

Bra'rier (bra/zher), n. [From brass.]

1. One who works in brass.
2. [Fr.

Syn. Kent;

cleft;

chasm; break;

Breath'ing,

differerce; misunderstanding.

A,

E.3, o,u,Y,;ong; A,,l, 6,

tf,

, short;

cAre, far, ask, ale, what; ere, veil, xkmj pique, fIrm; s6n,

BREECHING

BRISTLE

47
A

water, molded into regular

forms, and dried or burnt. 2. Bricks
garment worn by men, covering the
-ING.] To
collectively.
v. t. [-ED
hips and thighs.
lay or pave with bricks.
Breech'ING (brich'ing), n. Part of
a harness round a horse's breech. BrIck'bat, n. A fragment of a brick.
kiln, in
Receiving Brick'-kiln (-k.il), n.
Breech'-load'ING, a.
which bricks are burnt.
the charge at tht breech instead of
Brick'-lay'er, n. One who builds
the muzzle.
with bricks.
Breed,!-, t. [imp. & p. p. bred.]
Brick'-work (-wGrk), n. A struct1. To procreate; to
[A.-S. bredan.]
To
inure of bricks.
3.
up.
beget. 2. To bring
To BRID'AL, a. Belonging to a bride
v. i.
4. To produce.
struct.
Nuptial
n.
A
nuptial; connubial.
1.
n.
young.
bear and nourish
festival; marriage.
2. Offrace from the same stock.
Bride,
[A.-S.
bryd,
praudha.
n.
Skr.
spring; progeny.
Cf. Skr. prl, to love.]
1. A woman
BREED'ER, n. One who breeds.
recently married. 2. A woman conBREED'ING, n. 1. Formation of man[wedding.
tracted to be married.
ners. 2. Deportment or behavior.
Breeze, n. A ligat wind. v. i. To BR IDE '-CAKE, n. Cake for guests at a
[A.-S. brydguma,
[winds. BRlDE'GROOM,n.
blow gently.
A
fr. bryd, bride, and guma, man.]
BREEZ'Y, a.
Fanned with gentle
man newly married, or about to be
BRENT, n. A brant, or brand-goose.
married.
BRfiTH'REN (152), n. ; pi. of Brother.
brec, brssc, Lat. bracse,

oraccac.]

with

BREVE,

n.

(Mus.)

1.
[Lat. brevis. short.]
note, equivalent to
.
i

""*

Bride' maid,
Brides/-MAID,

n.

Bride '-man, n. A man who attwo semibreves. 2. A curved

tends upon a bridemark [~] to indicate the short quan- Bride'-"MAN.
groom and bride.
tity or sound of a vowel.
Bre-vet', n.
[Fr.]
A commission Bride'well, n. A house of correction
from a workhouse near St.
entitling the officer to take rank
Bride's well, in London.
above his actual rank or pay.
v. t.
To confer rank or title upon by bre- Bridge, n. [A.-S. brycg, brig.] 1. A
structure on which to pass over a
vet.
a.
Taking rank by brevet.
watercourse, ravine, &c. 2. SomeBRE'VI-A-RY, n.
[Lat. breviariwn,
v. t.
thing analogous to a bridge.
fr. brevis, short.] 1. An abridgment
[-ED -ING.] To build a bridgeover.
a compend
a summary.
2. A
book containing the daily service of BRl'DLE,n. [A.-S. bridel.] 1. An instrument to govern and restrain a
the Roman Catholic or Greek church.
2.
A restraint a check.
horse.
tfRE-viER', n. [Prob. from being orig.
[-ed; -ing.] 1. To put a
used in printing a breviary.] A small
v. t.
bridle upon. 2. To restrain.
kind of printing type.
Bri'dle-path, n.
A path for
$3^" This type is brevier.
Bri'dle-way,
horsemen.
[Fr. bridon, fr. bride.]
Brev'i-ty, n.
[Lat. brevitas, from BRI-DOON', n.
Snaffle and rein of a military bridle,
brevis, short.]
1. Shortness of duraI

'

tion.

2.

acting independently of the bit.

Conciseness.

Brew

(bru), v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
[A.-S. breovan, allied to Gr. <bpvyei.v,
to roast, fry, broil.] 1. To boil or
seethe. 2. To prepare from malt or

other materials, by steeping, boiling, and fermentation. 3. To plot.

v.i. 1. To carry on brewing. 2.
To be forming, or gathering.
Brew'age (bruM, n. Malt liquor.
brew'er (bru/er), n. One who brews.
Brew'er-y
(bru/-), n.
A house

BreW-house

where brewing

is

carried on.
1. Prepar(bribing), n.
ation of liquors from malt and hops
&c. 2. Quantity brewed at once.
BREWls (bru/is),n. [A.-S., from breovan, Eng. brew.] Bread soaked in
gravy, or in water and butter.

Brewing

Bribe,

n. [Fr. bribe, a

hunch ofbread,

leavings of meals generally given to

a beggar.] 1. A gift intended to corrupt. 2. That which seduces.
v. t.

[-ED;-ing.] 1. To corrupt by gifts.

2. To gain by a bribe.
Brib'er,. One who bribes,
Brib'ER-y, n. Act of bribing.
Brick, n. [Armor, priek, clayey, prt,
clay.]
1. Clay and sand, tempered
OR, DO,

WOLF, TOO. T^K.-

fjRN,

Brief,

short.]

brevis,

[Lat.

a.

1.

2. Short in exShort in duration.

pression using few words.
;

Syn.
cinct;

Short; limited; concise; suc-

summary;

laconic.

a concise writn. jL. An epitome

2. Abridgment of a client's
ing.
3. A writ summoning a man
case.
to answer to any action.
Having no brief;
Brief'less, a.
;

without

clients.

Brief'ly, adv.
Brief'ness, n.
BRl'ER,

n.

Concisely.
Conciseness.

[A.-S.

brser,

BRIG'AN-TINE

A kind

Bright

(brlt), a. [A.-S. beorht,bri\f

Skr. bliradsh to shine.] 1. Shedcbnr;
light.
2. Having qualities
that render conspicuous or attrac,

much
tive.

Having a

3.

clear,

quick in-

tellect.

Syn. Shining

luminous; resplen-

dent; effulgent; radiant.

Brighton (brit'n), v.
1.

To make

lustrious.

[-ed ;-ing.]

t.

bright.
3.

BRIGHT'EY

To grow

i.

adv.

(brlt'-),

il-

light upon.

To make acute.
v.
bright, or more bright.

4.

To make

2.

To shed

Splendidly.

(brlt'-), n.

1.

Quality

of being bright. 2. Acuteness.

Brill'iance, In, Great brightness
Brill'Ian-cy, 1
splendor.

BRlLL'lANT

(bril'yant), a.
[Fr. brillant, p. pr. of briller, to shine or
sparkle.] 1. Sparkling with luster.
2. Splendid;
shining.
n.
diamond of the finest cut.
Brile'iant-ly, adv. In a brilliant

manner.

Brim,

[A.-S. brymme.]
n.
Rim, or
border, of any thing.
v. i.
To be
full to the brim.
[pletely full.
Brim'ful, a.
Full to the top comBrim'mer, n. A bowl full to the top.
Brim'ming, a. Full to the brim.
Brim'stone, n.
[A.-S. bryne, fire,

and stone.] Sulphur.

Brin'ded, a. [Equiv.

to branded.]

Having different colors variegated.

Brin'dle, n. [A dim. form of brind,
;

State of being
[variegated.
(brin'dld), a.
Spotted
[A.-S. bryne, fr. brinnan,

the root of brinded.]

brinded.

BRlN'DLiSD
BRINE, n.

byrnan, to burn.]
pregnated with salt.
or sea.

1.

2.

Water imThe ocean

Tears.

3.

Brine'-pan,.

pit of salt-water,

for evaporation.

Bring,!",

[imp. k,p.p.

t.

brought.]

[A.-S. bringan.]
1. To convey
to
fetch.
2. To make to come.
3. To
induce to influence.
[salt.
;

W.

Like brine;

a.

somewhat

(82), n.

[Icel. bringr, hillock,

bryncyn.]

Edge or border of a

steep place

Brin'y, a.
Brisk, a.

verge.

Pertaining to brine

[W. brysg,

fr.

salt.

brys, haste.]

n.

[W.

brysced.]

2.

That

part of the breast of an animal that

lies next to the ribs.

n.
[Orig. a contend-

0.
Fr. brigue, trou-

Brisk'LY, adv. In a brisk manner.

Brisk'ness, n. Quality of being brisk.

fr.

Brig,

division of troops,

commanded by a

general officer, or
brigadier.
v.t
[-ED; -ING.] To
form into brigades.
I,

brigantm, orig.
of small

n. [Fr.

brig.

Full of liveliness and activity.

Effervescing, as liquors.

Brigade',

e,

a piratical vessel.]

BRISK'et,

1.

rigged.

ble, quarrel.]

[VV.

Brin'ISH,

with two
squaremasts,

ing troop,

n.

A Brink

br&r.]

vessel

who commands a

prickly plant or shrub.

BrI'er-y, a. Full of briers; rough.
Brig, n. [Abbrev.
of brigantine.] A

rue, PULL

n.
The
brigade.
brigant, summit,
robber
highlander, plunderer.]
[plunder.
a freebooter.
Brig'and-aGe, n. Theft robbery;
officer

BRIG'AND,

A woman who at- Bright'ness

tends on a bride.

BrIg'a-diek'-gen'er-al,

O, silent

9, G, soft;

Bris'TLE

[A.-S. bristl.]

(bris'l), n.

stiff, coarse hair.

v. t. [-E D
-ING.] To erect the bristles of.
v.i. To stand erect, like u ristles.

short,

,5, hard; As; E JIST

NasNG;

this.

BRISTLY
Bltfs'TLY (bris'ly ), a.
bristles
rough.

BRUSH

48

Thick

set with

BRI-TAN'Nl-A,w. A compound of tin,

antimony, bismuth, and copper.

To dress or
To be sub-

[-ed; -inc.]
v
cook over coals.
v i.
t.

Broil'er,

n.

One who

1.

excites

British,
Brit'tle

its

Great

to

[A.-S. bryttan,
Easily broken; apt to

Brit'tle-ness,

n.
Fragility.
Broach, n. [Fr. broche, spit, It.
brocca.]
tool for smoothing or env. t. [-ED ;
larging holes in metal.
1. To pierce, as with a spit.
-ING.]
2. To tap
to pierce, as a cask. 3.

To make

Broagh'er,

Broad

[who broaches.

public.
n.

1.

(brawd), a.
brad.]

(A.'-S.

1.

spit.

2.

from side to side. 2. Diffused. 3.

Having a large measure of any thing
or quality.
Syjt. Ample; extensive; comprehensive; vulgar; coarse.

Broad'-Xx,
Broad'-axe,

break.]

An ax with a
broad edge, for hew-

n.

ing timber.

Broad'cAst, n. A casting seed

adv. By
the hand in sowing.

tering at large, from the hand.

Parted by violence.

1.

infirm.

2.

Subdued

3.

hut.]

little

One closely united

some common tie.

Brok'en-heart'ed,

Crushed by

a.

grief or despair.

Broth'er-hood

In a broken,

adv.
terrupted manner.

in-

a.

Dispersed upon the ground with

the hand. 2. Widely diffused.
Broad'cloth, . Aline kind of woolen cloth more than 29 inches wide.
Broad'jen, v. i. To grow broad.
v. i.
To make broad.
Broad'ly, adv. In a broad manner.
Broad'ness, n.
Quality of being
broad; breadth.
Broad'-piece, n. A piece of gold
coin broader than a guinea in the
reigns of James I. and Charles T. a
20s. piece.
[country or state.
BROAD'-SEAL,n. Public seal of a
BROAD'siDE, n. 1. A discharge of
all* the guns on one side of a ship at
once. 2. The side of a ship above the
water.
3. A sheet of paper printed
1.

One who

re-

breath, as a horse.
n. One who transacts business for another for a certain compensation.

husband.

broker.
2. Fee or commission for
transacting business as a broker.

bhril.]

n.

1.

[Gr. /3pa>p.a,

food.]

chocolate preparation from the seeds

of the cocoa.

Tertaining to
affectionate.
[A.-S. brav, bitiva, Skr.
1. The lidge and hair c\er
a.

brothers; kir.d

Brow,

n.

3.

same

Br6th'er-ly,

Business of a

Ero'ker-age,

-jn.pl.

[Gr. /Spo-yx"*,
/2p6yxs, windpipe.]

BRbJV'Hl-JE,)

The ramifications
of the windpipe in the lungs.

Bron'chi-al

(82), a.

Belonging to

Bron'ciiic

the
bronchiae,
or
j
ramifications of the windpipe.
n.
Inflammation
of any part of the bronchial membrane.
Bron'CHO-CELE, n. [Gr. ppoyxos,

Bron-HT'tis,

n.

the eye* 2. The lorehead. 3. Edge

of a steep place.
t. [imp. browbeat
To bear
p. p. browbeaten.]
down with haughty, stern looks ox
arrogant assertions.

Browbeat, v.

dark color inclining to

a.
[-ER; -EST.]
is A.-S. beaman, byrnan, Eng. burn.] Of a dark
n.

red or yellow.

iodine.

BroN'HI,
BroN'HI-a,

1. State of
(27), n.
2.
association ;

A class of individuprofession.
Brot'er-IN-i,aw, n. Brother of a
husband or wile
also, a sister's
a fraternity.
als of the

BROK'EN-wiND'ED,a. Having short

Bro'mA,

to another by
3.

An

being a brother.

BROK' en-lv,

Bro'mIne, n. [Gr. ^pco^o?, bad smell.]

One of the elements, related in its
from
chemical qualities to chlorine and Brown,
scat-

[A form of bordel, orig

A house of ill-fame.

/!.

sembles another.

contrite.

One Bro'ker,

[-er; -est.
Wide; extended

flesh is boiled.

broils.
2. A gridiron.
Broth'er (bruth'er, 152), n. [A.-S.
Broke (2o), imp. & p. p. of Break.
brodhor, brCdhvr.] 1. He who is born
Brok'bn (brok'n, 20), p. a. [From
of the same father and mother. 2

Made weak

fragile.

(brlt'tl), a.

to break.]

break

Pertaining
inhabitants.

a.

Britain or

Liquor in which

breovan, to brew.]

Broth'el,

jected to the action of heat.

The root

[A.-S. brtin.

color, inclining to red or vellow.

v.

[-ED; -ING.] To make brown.

n.
A superior kind

t.

Brown'-stout,
of porter.

Brown'-stud'y,
tion

Mental abstrac-

n.

reverie.

Brows.e,i\

To

off, as the ends

v. i.
[-ED;
of branches, &c.
-ING.] To feed on the tender branches of shrubs or trees.
Browse (browss), n. [0. H. Ger.
broz, prozzen, to sprout.] Tender
branches of trees and. shrubs, fit for
the food of cattle.
t.

eat

windpipe, and KrjKr), tumor.] A morbid enlargement of

the thyroid
gland goiter.
BRON-CHOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. ppoyxos,
windpipe, and -rofo?, a cutting.] An
Bru'IN, n.
[D. bruin, brown, from
incision into the windpipe.
his color.] A bear.
Bronze (bronz or bronz), n. [Prob.
fr. It. bruno, brown.]
1. An alloy of Bruis_e (32), v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
br.ysan.]
on one side only.
2. A work or art
To injure or crush, as by
copper with tin.
Broad's word (-sord), n. A sword
collision
to contuse to reduce to
cast in bronze. 3. A brown color.
with a broad blade.
An injury to the
fragments.
n.
v.t
[-ED; -INC.]
1. To give
BRO-ADE',w. [It. broccare, to figure,
a
2. To
flesh of animals, to plants, &c.
the appearance or bronze.
to stitch.]
Silk or other stun, variecontusion.
maKe hard or unfeeling.
gated with gold and silver, or en- Brooch, n.
Broach.]
[See
A Bruis/er, n. A boxer.
riched with flowers, &c.
BR(ilT(brut),n. [Fr. W. brud,brwth.]
bosom-pin.
Bro-cad'ed, a. Woven as brocade. Brood, f. i. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S
Report; rumor; fame. v. I. [-ED;
-ING.] To noise abroad
brdd. See Breed.]
1. To sit on
[Lat. brumalis, fr.
and cover eggs or young, as a fowl. Brtj'mal, (32), a.
BRd'<3A-TEL',n. [Sp.] A kind of
b'r'uma, winter.] Belonging to winter.
to
2. To remain in anxious thought
coarse brocade, commonly made of
muse.
v. t.
To sit over, cover, and Bru-nette', n. [Fr., brownish.] A
silk and cotton.
woman with a dark complexion.
cherish.
n. 1. Offspring; progeny.
BRO'0-Ll, n.
[It., pi. of broccolo,
Brunt, n. [A.-S. bront, boiling, foam2. That which is bred or produced.
cabbage sprout.] A variety of the BRO"bK (27), n. [A.-S. brCc] A small
ing, raging.] 1. Utmost violence of
common cabbage.
natural stream.
an onset. 2. Force of a blow shock
v. t. [A.-S. brucan,
;

SSSHi}-- -**

Brochure (bro-shur'), w.

[Fr., fr.

brocher, to stitch.]
A pamphlet.
Brock, n. [A.-S. broc]
badger.
Bro'gan, or Bro-gAn', n.
stout,

coarse shoe.

to eat, enjoy, use, bear.] To endure

to be contented with.
1.
[A.-S. brdm.]
(28), n.
genus of plants. 2. A brush with a
long handle, for sweeping floors, &c.
;

Broom

Brogue (brog), n. [Tr. & Gael, brog.] Broom'-corn, n. A plant bearing a

1. A stout, coarse shoe.
2. A corhead of which brooms are made.
rupt manner of pronunciation.
Broil., n. [Of Celtic origin.] Anoisy
quarrel.

Syn.
I,

I,

Affray;

Broom'rtick,
Broom'y, a.
sisting of

tumult; altercation

Broth

n.

Handle of a broom.

Full of

broom

con-

broom.

(21), n.

[A.-S.

O, U, Y,long; X, E,I, 6, D, Y, short; CA\RE, FAR. ASK,

brodh, from

ALL,

WHAT

3.

sudden

Brush,

n.

effort.

[0.

burst, bristle.]
bristles,
2.

&c,

H. Ger. brusta, bursta,

1. An instrument of
for various purposes.
3.
trees lopped off.
skirmish.
4.

Branches of

A thicket or coppice.

v.t.

[-ED; -ING.] 1. Toapply

a brush to. 2. To pass lightly over.
3. To remove or gather by brush2.
1. To move nimbly.
ing.
v. i.
To move over with a slight contact.

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM S6N,

;

BRUSH-WOOD
BRUSH'-wobD,

n.

1.

tliioket.

Small branches cut from

BrUSH'y, a

Bru'tal
brute.

savageness

n.

cruelty.

BRU'TAL-IZE,

v.

[-ED; -ing.] To

t.

make brutal.
Bru'tal-LY, adv.
less

inhuman.
Inhumanity

[ner

cruelly.

In a brutal man-

(32), a. [Lat. brutus.] 1. Senseunconscious. 2. Irrational. 3.

4. Bestial.
Unintelligent; animal.
an animal desti1. A beast
n.
tute of reason. 2. A low-bred, unfeeling person.
Bru'TI-fy, v. t. [Lat. brutus, brute,

and

[-IED

facere, to make.]

To make a brute

142.]

BRUTISH,

-ING,

of.

a. Pertaining to, or

resem-

bling, a brute.

Svx. Ignorant

insensible

stupid;

for

drawing or carrying water or

other liquids.

Pertaining to a

1.

Savage

2.

Bru-tal'I-ty,

BRUTE

?,.

trees.

Resembling a brush.

(32), a.

Stupidity bruBru'tish-ness, n.
LRU'TIM, n. Nature or characteristic
;

qualities of a brute.
genus
BRVO-NY, n. [Gr. fipvutvLa..]
of climbing plants.
B&B'BLE,n. [D. bobbel.] 1.
small
vesicle of water or other fluid inflated

with

Any

2.

air.

thing that wauts

solidity; a delusive scheme.

v.

i.

I-ED; -ing.] 1. To rise in bubbles.

2. To run with a gurgling noise.
To impose on.
v. t.

BUB'BLY, a.
BUB'BY,n.
BfJ'BO, n.

Abounding

A woman's
BU'BOEg.

pi.

in bubbles.
breast.
[Gr. /3ovj8c6i'.]

The groin. 2. An inflammation,

with enlargement, of a gland in the
1.

groin.
[Gr.
Bu-BON'O-CELE, n.
groin, and ierj\ri, tumor.]

/3ov/3oV,

tumor

in the groin.

BUCCAL,

[Lat. bucca, cheek.] Per-

a.

taining to the cheek.

Buc'CA-neer',
Btic'A-NIER',
a freebooter.

n.

[A word of Amer.

origin.]

pirate

Bu-CEN'TAUR,n.

[Gr. /Sou?, ox and

fabulous
icevTavpos a centaur.] 1.

monster, half ox and half man. 2.

The state barge of Venice.
BtJ'CHU, n. A plant used for diseases
of the bladder.
BUCK, n. [L. Ger. bnke, prob. ff. boke,
book, beech, because formerly lye was
made of the ashes of this tree.] 1.

Lye

which

in

soaked in
bleaching
also,
the
liquor
in
cloth

is

which clothes are

washed. 2. The

BUCK'LE

(buk'l), n.

a.

3.

[A.-S.

OR, DO,

[A.-S.

n.

WOLF TOO,
.

buccula,

struggle.

[of shield.
kind
[See Buckle.]
n.
[For beech-mast.]
Fruit of the beech-tree.
BUCK'RAM, n. [Fr. bougran, fr. bou-

Buck'ler, n.
BUCK'-MAST,

racan, &c, by transposing the r.] A

coarse linen cloth, stiffened with glue.
Buck'skin, n. 1. Leather of a buck.
2. pi. Breeches made of buckskin.
Buck'thorn, n. A genus of plants.
BUCK'WHEAT, n. [Scot, buck, beech,
and wheat.] A plant, the seed of
which is used as a grain.
)

[Gr.

a.

fr.

/3oukoAikos,

j8ou/c6Aos,

cow-

herd, herdsman.] Relating to shepherds pastoral rustic.

n. A pas-

toral poem.
n.
[H. Ger. butze, butz, core of

BUD,

a fruit, bud.]
An undeveloped
branch or flower.
v. i.
[-ded
-ding.] 1. To put forth buds. 2.
To begin to grow, as a horn. 3. To
be in bloom.
v. t. To insert, as the
bud of a plant, under the bark of
another tree, to raise a different fruit.
BUD'DHigM (bood/mn), n. The doctrine taught by the Hindoo sage, surnamed Buddha, in the 6th century
;

B. c.

[of
(bcTod/ist), n.

Bud'dhist

Buddhism.

votary

Bud'dhist,
a.
Relating to, or
Bud-dhIst'I, )
connected
with,
Buddhism, or its founder.
Bude '-LIGHT (-lit), n. [From Bude,
)

the residence of the inventor.] An

intense white light, produced by
burning purified coal-gas in a lamp
of peculiar construction.
Budge, v.t. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr. bouger, to stir
move.] To move off; to
stir.
n. [Lat. bulga, a leathern bag
or knapsack.] Lamb-skin fur.
Budg'et,,. [See Budge, n.] 1.

sack, with its contents

hence, a
stock or store. 2. Annual financial
statement made in the House of
;

Commons.
Bud'let, n.
Buff, n. [Fr.

little bud or shoot.

bteuf, beef.] 1.
sort of
leather, prepared in oil. 2. A color
between light pink and light yeliow.
BUFF, a. 1. Maae of
n buff
duu leatner.
leather. z.
2
Between light pink
and light yellow.
Buf'fa-lo, n. ; pi.

[Gr.

Buck.

bucca, hue, W. bwrh.] 4. Male of the

fallow deer, goat, sheep, rabbit, and
hare.
5. A gav, dashing young fellow.
v. t. To soak or steep in lye.
Buck'-bAs'ket, n. A basket to carry clothes in to the wash.

Buck'ET,

[Lat.

An instrudim. of bucca, cheek]

v. t.
ment attached to a strap.
[-ED; -ing.] 1. To fasten with a
buckle.
2. To prepare for action.
v.i.l. To bend; to bow. 2. To

BilF'FA-LOEg

clothes soaked or

washed.

BU-COL'IC,
Bru'tish-ly, adv. In the manner of BU-COL'IC-AL,
[tality.

[gay foppish.
Pertaining to a buck

Buck'ish

savage; cruel; brutal.

a'brute.

BULGE

49

buc]

-nToK

-,

vessel

j3ov/3aAos,

ilEf

wild ox.] 1. A kind

of wild ox found in
warm countries of
the East.

EQf The name

is

Buffalo.

Bison.

BtJF'FA-LO-ROBE

URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

n.

silent

deaden concussion.

BUF'FET,

Buffer.
[Fr. buffet, It. buffetlo,

n.

a wineskin, and then a table

where wine in skins was placed and
sold.]
1. A cupboard or sideboard
at one side of a room. 2. [0. Fr., fr.
buffe, blow.] 3. A blow with the
hand a cuff. 4. Violent force or resistance.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
orig.

to cuff.
2. To con[actor in an opera.
See infra.] Thecomic
BUF-FOON', n. [It. buffone, buffo.} A.
droll ;_a harlequin
a clown.
Buf-foon'er-y, n. Low jests vulgar tricks and postures.
BtJFF'Y, a. Resembling buff.
Bug, n. [Cf. W. bwg, hobgoblin, scarecrow.] An insect of many species.

box

to beat
tend against.
;

BuF'FO,n.

[It.

BUG,
Bug'bear,

Bug'A-boo',

n.

[W. bwg, bwgan,

from bw, a terrifying
object.]
Something

frightful, as a spo( rer.

a. Abounding with bugs.
2.
1.
light one-horse chaise.
n.
A light one-horse, four-wheel vehicle.
Bu'GLE,
)
n.
[From bugle
Bu'gle-horn, j (Lat. buculus, a

BUG'GY,

young bullock, dim.

of bos, ox), a sort of
wild ox, buffalo.] A
musical wind instru-

ment.

Bu'gle

(bii'gl), n.
1.
,
Bugle-horn,
[Ger. biigel, a bent
piece of metal or wood.] An elon
gated glass bead. 2. [Lat. bugillo.l
plant used in medicine.
Bu'gloss, n. [Gr. j8ovyAwo-<ros, or
tongue, from /Sous, ox, and -yAcocrcra,
tongue;
from its long, rough
leaves.]
plant used in dyeing.
Buhl (bQl), n. [From A. Ch. Boule, a
French carver in wood.]
figure of
brass, unburnished gold, &c, set
into surfaces of ebony, &c.
BOhr'-stone (bfir^ston), n. [O.Eng
bur, a whetstone for scythes.]
variety of flinty quartz.
Build, v. t, [imp.
p. p. built.]
[A.-S. byldan, to build, from bold,
house, hall.] 1. To construct, as an
edifice.
2. To raise on any foundation. 3. To increase and strengthen.
v. i.
1. To practice building.
2.
n.
To depend, as on a foundation.

&

Form

of construction.

Build'er, n. One who builds.

Build'ing, n. A thing built, as a
house, church, &c. an edifice.
BULB, n. [Gr. /3oA/36s.] 1. A cluster
;

of partially developed leaves (usually

below the ground), producing a stem
above, and roots below. 2. A protuberance as of a thermometer.
Bulb'OUS, a. Having or containing
bulbs bulb-like in shrpe.
;

erroneouslv applied
See

Bison of North America.

to the

bison, or so-called buffalo, prepared

with the hair on.
cushn.
ion, or apparatus, to

Buf'fer,

The skin of the

;

BULGE, n.

[Cf. A.-S. balg, bdlig, Eng.

Protuberant part of a cask
protuberance.
v. i.
To swell or
jut ou':
belly.]

9, G, soft; , S, hard;

as

EXIST

as

NG

THIS.

BULK
n. [Ieei. bulka, to swell, W.
oivig, bulk.]
1. Dimensions; size;

Bulk,

mass.

Largest or principal portion.

Bulk'-hEAD, n. A partition in a
ship, to form separate apartments.
BOlk'I-ness, n. Greatness in bulk,
[sious
large.
size, or stature.
BULK'Y, a. Of great bulk or dimenUULL, n. [The root is A.-S. bellan, to
bellow. ] 1. The male of any bovine
quadruped. 2. One of the twelve
signs of the zodiac. 3. One who is
interested in raising the Talue of
stocks. 4. [Lat. bulla..] Any thing
2.

rounded by art.

The seal appended

5.

to the edicts and briefs of the pope.

An edict, or rescript of the pope.
An apparent congruity, but real
incongruity, of ideas, suddenly dis6.

7.

covered.

ByLL'-BAlT'lNG,

Practice of ex-

n.

citing bulls with dogs.

(-kiif), n.
a stupid fellow.
Bull'-dog, n.

A male

Bull'-calf

calf;

kind of dog, of
remarkable ferocity
age.

[Fr

n.

boulet, dim. of
boule, ball.]
small ball for a gun.
Bul'le-tin, n. [Fr.

Bull-dog.

Bull'-fight

(-tit),

n.

combat

with a bull.
n. A singing-bird.
large, noisy species
of frog, found in North America.
Bull'ion (bobl'yun), n. [Lat. bulla,

Bull'-finch (66),
BULL'-FROG, n. A

any thing rounded by

Un-

art.]

coined gold or silver in the mass.

Bull'ock,

An

n.

1.

A young

bull.

2.

thick piece of
glass inserted in a deck, roof, &c, to
n.

let in light.

ByLL'Y, n a noisy, blustering fellow

a quarrelsome person.
a.
JoTial

merry.
142.]

[Low.]

To

v.

[-ed

-ing,
insult with noise and blust.

tering menaces.
ByL'RUSH, n [Bull, in the sense of
large, and rush.] A large kind of rush.
BUL'WARK, n. 1. An outwork for defense. 2. Any means of defense. 3. pi.
Sides of a ship above the upper deck.
.

v.

t.

To

fortify

with a rampart

to protect.

BUM'BAIL'iff,
bound-bailiff.]

n.

An

[A corruption of
under bailiff.
[0. Eng. bumble,

BUM'BLE-BEE, n.
to make a humming

noise, and bee.]

large bee.
BUM'boat, n. A clumsy boat, for conveying provisions, &c. to vessels lying off shore.
BfJM'KTN, n.
[From boom, and the
dim. termination kin.] Pieces of timber projecting from each bow of a
vessel, to haul the foretaek to.
Bum'mer, n. 1. A houseless vagrant.
2. A forager.

l. E, I, 5,fj,

to

strike,

2.
t.

or

v.

as

the bittern.
n. [A corrupt, of bombard,
a large drinking vessel.] A cup or
glass filled to the brim.
BOmp'kin (84), n. [Perh. fr. bump, a

BUM'PER,

An awkward, heavy

swelling.]

rus-

feathers,

hair,

Prickly en

straw.]

velope of seeds.

B0r'i>N,

n.
[A.-S. byrdhen, fr. the
rootof bear.] 1. That which is borne
a load. 2. That which is grievous or
oppressive.
3. Capacity of a ship.
4. [Fr. bourdon, great bell, drone,
;

humble-bee.]
chorus

Verse repeated in u
refrain
main topic.
[-ed:-ing.]
1. To lay r,
heavy load upon. 2. To oppress.
BOr'd^n-some, a. Grievous tcbo

song

c.

t.

a clown, or country lout.

borne oppressive.
BOr'dock, 7?.
) n. [Cf. 0. H. Ger. bungo, bulb
A genus of plants
]
having a rough, bristly fruit.
BUNN, ) A kind of small sweet-cake.
BUNCH, n. [Icel. bunki, heap, pile, |BU'REAU (bu'ro, 314), v.; pi. BU1. A protuberREAUX (bu'roz) or BU'REAUg (bu'\V. pwng, cluster.]
[Fr., from 0. Fr. bure, drugroz).
ance a knob or lump. 2. A collecv. i. To
get, with which, orig. a writing table
tion, cluster, or tuft.
was covered.] 1. A desk with drawers
v. i.
swell out, as into a bunch.
for papers.
2. Office where business
To form or tie in a bunch.
is transacted.
BDnch'y, a. 1. Swelling out in
3. A department for
the transaction of public business.
bunches. 2. Growing in bunches.
BfJN'DLE, n.
4. A chest of drawers for clothes, &c.
[A.-S. byndel, from the
root of bind.] A uumber of things BU-REAU'RA-CY (bu-ro'-), n. [Bureau
and Gr. Kparelv, to govern.] A 8} stem
bound together a parcel a roll.
v. t.
[-ed; -ing.] To tie or bind
in which the business of government
is carried on in departments.
in a bundle or roll.
Bung, n. 1. Stopper of the orifice in BURG, 77. [A.-S. form of borough.] A
borough
the bilge of a cask. 2. The orifice
1.
itself, v. t.
To stop with a bung. BUR'GA-MOT', 7i.
A variety of
Bun'ga-LOW, n. [Bengalee bangla.]
pear.
2. A perfume.
See BergaMOT.
A house or cottage, of a single floor.
GEOIS.
t
tic

Bun,

Y,long; X

[India.]

[-ED -ING.] To act

or work in a clumsy, awkward man-

BUN'GLE,1\

*,.l, 6,ti,

7.

[workman

ner,

BUN'GLER, n. A clumsy, awkward

Bun'gling, a. Unskillful; awkward.
Bun'ion (bun'yunf, n. See Bunyon.
Bunk, n. A wooden case, which serves
for a seat in the day-time and for a
bed at night.
Bun'yon, \n. [0. Eng. bunny, a
Bun'ion, \ small swelling. Cf. Bun.]

An

ox, orcastrated bull.

Bull's/-eye,

[From bump,

n.

1. A thump; a blow.
v.
swelling or protuberance.
-ING.] To strike, as with
[-ED
against any thing large or solid.
i.
To make a loud, ht-wy noise,

thump.]

See
public announcement,
especially of news recently received.
bulletin.

Any

Bull.]

Bump,

and cour-

BUL'LET,

BURLESQUE

50

enlargement and inflammation

of the joint of the great toe.

n.
[Perh. from Ger. bunt,
variegated, as it is covered with a
great many small black spots.] A
bird of different species.
Bunt'ing, n. [Prob. from Ger. bunt,
streaked.]
Bunt'ine,
variegated,
A thin woolen stuff, of which flags
are made.

Bunt'ing,

buoy (bwoy

n.

afloat.

2.

Quality of floating: specific lightness.

2. Cheerfulness
vivacity.
Buoy'ant (bwo?'- or bwo^-), a.
1, Having the quality of floating in a
fluid.
2. Bearing up, as a fluid.
3.
Vivacious.
Buoy'ant-ly, adv. In a buoyant
1.

'

manner.

V, short;

n.

[D.

burre, 0. Sw. bona,

thistle, Ger. burre,

burdock,

[BOROUGH.

ough.

Burgh

(bfirg),

See

7i.

Burg

and

ing-house, in the night-time, to com[burglary.

a.
Pertaining to
Bur-gla'ri-oOs-ly, adv. YVitb>intent to commit burglary.
BURG'la-ry, 77. Act of entering a
dwelling-house, in the night, with intent to commit a felony therein.
BCrg'o-mas'TER, 77.
[Lat. burgvs

mit a felony,
BUR-GLA'Rl-otJS,

(equiv.

to

burg, burgh), and Eng.

chief magistrate of some

from

7i.

superior kind of

Burgundy, in France.
(beVI-al), 77.
Act of buryrag; sepulture; interment.
wine

buoys to to mark by buoys.

Buoy'an-cy (bwo?'- or bwoy'-).

citizen, or

Bu'Rl-AL

fix

BUR,

BURGH'ER(bfirg'er),77. [From burgh.]

A freeman of a burgh or borough.
EfjRG'LAR, 77. [From burgh, borough,
town, and 0. Fr. laire, thief, fr. Lat.
latro.] One who breaks into a dwell-

BUr'gun-dy,
Buoy,

To

To keep

1.

freeman of a borough.
2. A representative or a magistrate of a bor-

municipal towns.

to point out the position of objects

beneath the water!
[-ed;
v. t.
1.

borough.]

bourg,

master.]

or bwoy).
[D. boey, boei
buoy, fetter, 0. Fr
buie, a fetter, Lat. boja.]
A floating mark
77.

-ING.]

Bur-geois' (bur-jois'), n. See BOURBUR'GESS, v. [Fr. bourgeois, from

EU'RIN,

77.

[Prob. from 0. H. Ger

1. An engraver's tool.
bora, borer.]
2. Style of execution of an engraver.

BURKE,

[-ed:-ing.] [From an
v. t.
Irishman who committed the crime

1. To murder, so as to obin 1829.]

tain a body for dissection. 2. To
dispose of quietly or indirectly.
BURL. 7-. t. [Cf. Fr. bourlet bourreh
pad.] To pick knots, loose threads,
&c, from, as in finishing cloth.
coarse linen fabric.
BUR'LAP, n.
,

BUR-LESQUE'

[It. burles(-leak'), aco, fr. burla, sneer, mockery.] Tend-

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

BURLETTA

BUXOM

51

To grow thick or bushy.

v.
v. i.
ing to excite laughter by ludicrous
/(.
1. Exaggerated paro- | t.
To furnish with a bush.
images.
[Low Lat. boissel, boisdv satire. 2 A ludicrous imitation feusH'EL, n.
[-eu; -ing.] ' sellus, fr. bustia, buxis, equiv. to Gr.
a earicatare. v. t.
A dry measure of four
7rvts, box.]
To turn into ridicule.
pecks or eight gallons.
Bur-let' ta, n. [It., dim. of burla,
BusH'EL-AGE, n. A duty payable on
mockery.] A comic opera.
commodities by the bushel. [Eng.]
BUR'LY, a. [0. Eng. boorely, equiv.
Quality of being
Bush'i-ness, n.
1. Of great
to boorlike, clownisu.]
bushy.
bulk; stout. 2. Coarse and rough.
B&RN, v. t. [imp. & p. p. BURNED or Bush'-whack'er, n. 1. A raw countryman. 2. One engaged in predatoBURNT.] [A.-S. be ornan, byrnan,
Goth, brinnan.] 1. To consume with
ry excursions against an enemy.
2.
2. To injure by fire or heat.
Bush'y, a.
1. Full of bushes.
fire.
Thick and spreading, like a bush.
3. To submit to the action of fire or
heat. 4 To produce a sensation akin Bus/I-EY (bjz'i-ly), adv. In a busy
1. To be on
v. i.
manner.
to that of heat.
3. To
Bus/i-ness (btz'nes), n. 1. Employfire. 2. To be injured by heat.
n.
Injury
ment occupation. 2. Traffic in genbe hot or in a passion.
transcaused by the action of fire.
3. Concern.
4. Affair
eral.

One who sets on

An appendage to a lamp or

BURN'ER,
2.

n.

1.

action.
BUSK, n.

fire.

[Er. buse, busque, from bois,

bos, wood.] A piece of metal, whalebone, or wood, worn in corsets.

gas-

fixture.

BCrVing-glass,

it.

convex lens

used for producing an intense heat

by converging the sun's rays.

v.

[-ed:-ing.] [Fr.
brunir, It. brunire, to make brown,
1. To polish by
bright, or glossy.]

to hunt.]
array.

BOr'nish,

v.

rubbing.

t.

To render

2.

bi*ight.

n.

luster.
Effect of burnishing gloss
n.
1. One who bur2.
tool for burnishing.
BOrnt'-off'er-ing, n. Something
offered and burnt on an altar.
BOrr, n. See Bur.
BtJR'ROW, n. [A.-S. beorg, beorh, hill,
burrow, fr. beorgan, to be prominent,
hole in the ground
to protect.]
;

BOr'nish-er,

nishes.

made by

certain

[-ED; -ING.]

1.

animals.

v.

i.

To excavate a hole

to lodge in a hole. 2.
to take refuge in
[L. Lat. bursarius, from
n.
treasurer
bursa, byrsa, purse.] 1.
a
2.
student to
a purser.
stipend is paid.
BOr'sa-ry, n. 1. Treasury of a col2. A charitable
lege or monastery.
foundation in a university.
BURSE, n.
[L. Lat. bursa.
See
Bourse.]
public edifice for the

to lodge in

To hide
Bur'sar,

whom

meeting of merchants

Burst,

v.

[imp.

t.

&

an exchange.
burst.]

p. p.

[A.-S. berstan.] 1. To fly or break

open with force. 2. To make any sudden change to an opposite or different
state. v. t.
To rend by violence
to open suddenly.
n.
A sudden
breaking forth a violent rending.

Burthen,

n.

&

v.

See

Burden.

t.
[-ed; -ing. 142.]
[A.-S. byrigan, allied to beorgan, to
keep, cover, hide.] 1. To cover out
2. To hide
of sight, as in a grave.
in oblivion.
BUR'Y-ING-GROUND ) (ber'\--), n.

Bur'y-ing-place

grave-yard

church-yard.

Bus/BY,
BUSH, n.

n.

cap of bear-

wolf, TOO, TOOK

To

-ING.]

Bust,

kiss.

[Ger.

n.

breast.]

brunt,

1.

Statuary representing the upper

2. The
part of the human figure.
trunk of the body.
Bus'tard, n. [Lat. avis tarda.] A
bird of the ostrich family.

Bus'tle
[Prob.

(bus'l), v.

fr.

[-ed;-ing.]

i.

A.-S. bysig, busy, bysg-ian,

and the termination

to busy,

le.]

To

quickly to be very active.

n.
2.
Great stir hurried activity.
A cushion worn by ladies to expand
the skirts behind.
stir

1.

(bus'ier), n.
An active,
stirring person.
[A.-S. bysig.] 1. En(biz'y),a.
gaged in business. 2. Constantly in
motion; restless. 3. Officious.
v.t.
[-ED -ing, 142.] To make or keep
busy to employ to occupy.
Bus/y-bod'Y (biz'y-), n.
meddling

Bus'tler
Bus/Y

person.

&

prep.

[A.-S. butan,

conj.

from

and vtan, outward, without,

pref. be

out, without.] 1. Except

unless save. 2. Otherwise
besides
than that that not. 3. Only solefr. tit, tXte,
;

ly

merely.

But,

cluster of shrubs.
3. A tavern si<;n.
4. A lining of metal let into an orifice.

OR, do,

comedy.
[2. Tragic.
Bus'kin\ed, a. 1. Dressed in buskins.
Buss, n. [Allied to Lat. 6a;s/wn,kiss.]
A rude or playful kiss. v. t. [-ed

H. Ger buse, Fr. bois.]

1. A place
abounding in trees or
shrubs.
2. A thick shrub
also, a

To prepare, make ready,

yet

[0.

[L. Lat. buscus, boscus

i.

go through a bush; hence,

Fr. brosseBt'S'KlN, n. [Contr. fr.

quiii prob. fr. Gr. /Supcm, skin, hide.]
1. A covering for the foot and leg,
formerly worn by actors in tragedy.
2. Tragedy, as distinguished from

[skin.

military

But,

BUR'Y(ber'y),i\

or v.

t.

orig. to

still

4.

See

p.

On

the contrary

nevertheless.

Butt.

n.
[Fr. boucher, orig. a
buck-goats, from Fr. bone, a
buck-goat.] I. One who slaughters
killer of

animals for food.

2. One who kills
in a bloody manner,
v. t.
[-ed

1.

for food.

URN, rue, PULL

E,

To slaughter, as animals,
2. To slay inhumanly.
I,

o, silent

barbarous

a.
Grossly cruel
bloody.

Butch'er-y,

u,ntl

Business of a
butcher. 2. Carnage massacre.
BDt'-end, In. Largest or blunt end
BUTT'-END, j of a thing.
n.

1.

BUT'LER,

n. [Fr. bouteillier, boutillicr,

bottle-bearer.]
servant who
takes charge of the liquors, &c.
BuT'LER-SHiP, n. Office of a butler.
Butt, h. [Fr. but, butt, aim, 0. Fr.

BUT,
bot, end, extremity.]
I.
The larger end of a thing.
2. A
mark to be shot at. 3. Object of
)

A thrust in fencing or by
the head of an animal. 5. A large
vessel.
6. Thickest and
stoutest part of tanned ox-hides.
7.
A kind of hinge. v.i. 1. To be
bouuded to abut. 2. To thrust the
To strike by
head forward.
v.t.
thrusting the head against.
But'TER, n. [Gr. ^ovrvpov, fr. (Sou?,
ox, cow, and rupos, cheese.] 1. A substance obtained from cream. 2. Any
substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other qualities.
[-ed -ing.] To cover or
v. t.
spread with butter.
But'ter-cup, n.
A plant having
bright yellow flowers.
BOt'ter-fly, n.
[From the color
of a yellow species.] A lepidopterous
insect of different species.
But'ter-milk, n. The milk that remains after the butter is separated
ridicule. 4.

cask or

from

[fruit.

it.

But'ter-nut,
But'ter-y, a.

A tree and its oily

Having the qualities

n.

n.
An
or appearance of butter.
apartment where butter, provisions,
&c, are kept.
But'tock, n. [From butt, end.] 1.
The rump. 2. The convexity of a
ship behind, under the stern.
BOt'ton (bat'n), n. [Fr. bouton. fr.
bout, end, extremity.]
1. A small
ball a knob. 2. A catch to fasten
parts of dress.
3. A bud
a germ.
4. A piece of wood or metal to fasten
[-ed; -ing.] To
doors,
v. t.
fasten with a button.
But'ton-hole, n.
The hole in
which a button is caught.
v. t. To
detain in conversation to weariness
to bore.
But'ton-wood (27), n. A large tree
growing in North America.
BC'T'TRESS, n. [Fr. boater, to push, butt, put.]
projecting support
to the exterior of a
v. t.
wall; a prop.
;

&c

To support by a buttress

to prop.

Bu/ty-ra'ceoOs,

Bu'TY-ROtis,

a.

[See

Butter.]

Butch'er,

-ING.]

BUTCH'ER-LY.

Ilaving the
qualities of butter re;

sembling butter.

Bux'OM,
sum fr.

[A.-S. boc-

a.

Buttress.
beogan, bftgan
to bow, bend, and the term, sum,
Brisk jolly
equiv. to Eng. some.]
frolicsome.
,

C, G, soft; , G, hard; as;

EI8T;

N.

as

NG this
;

BUXOMLY
In a

BiJX'OM-LY, adv.
ner

v.

&

[imp.

t.

[A.-S. be, bi , big.]

1.
2. Near to in moor next to.
hence, from one to the other

(35), prep.

Near

briskly.

p. p. BOUGHT
1.
[A.-S. bycgan, bygan.]
(bawt).]
To purchase to obtain tor a price.
2. To procure by a consideration.
Buy'er, . One who bu^s; a purchaser.
[An onoSiJZZ, . i. [-ED; -ING.]
matopoeia.] To make a low, continuous, humming sound, as bees.
v. t.
To spread, as report, by whis-

^UY,

CAGE

52

buxom man- BY

3. With, as
means, way, &c. through.

Jong.

adv.

Near; present.

1.

Pass-

2.

ing near.
By, )n.

A thing not directly aimed

Bye,
at an object by the way.
By the bye, in passing by way of dicontinuous humgression; apropos to the matter in hand.
ming noise, as of bees. 2. A whis- By'-end, n. Private end or interest.
By'-gone (21), a. Past gone by.
per a report.
pers. n.

1.

[Lat.

n.

buteo.]

1.

bird of prey of the Falcon family

,

A
2.

n.

proceeds.

[spectator.

By'-stand'er, n.
A looker-on a
By'-way, n. A private or secluded
;

way.

By'-word

n.
A local or subordinate
a private law or regulation.

saying

A common

(bl'wurd), n.

a proverb.

Byz'ANT,_
Byz'an-tine,

A gold

n.

coin worth

sterling,

.15

so

from being coined at Byzan

called

tium.

past event.

By'-law,
law

/ dunce.

car-

dumb

Buz'ZARD,

a sobri

A private path.
A scene which is

n.
n.
aside,

on
and couin.onlv in
show, while the main action

ried

y-and-by.(u.) Immediately; at once.

[Obs.] (6.) Presently; pretty soon; before

A nickname

n.

quet.

By'-path,
instrument, By'-PLAY,

tion
side of.
;

By'-NAME,

By-zan'tIne, or Byz'an-tIne,
Of, or pertaining to,

a.

Byzantium.

c.
the third letter in the English
alphabet. See 63-69.
fAB, n. [An abbrev. of cabriolet.] A
covered carriage drawn by one horse.
{Ja-b4l', n.
[Heb. gabbalah, fr. gabal, to take or receive.]
1. A number of persons united to promote
their private views by intrigue
a
junto. 2. Intrigue.
Cabal and
Syn. Party; faction.
faction differ from party, being always
used in a bad sense. A cabal intrigues
secretly to gain power
a faction labors
more or less openly to change or break
(ce),

C1

[Abbrev. of cadet.] One who

n.
[L. Lat. capulum, cap- AD, n.
stands at the door of an omnibus to
lum, a rope, from capere, to take.] A
open and shut it, &c.
large, strong rope or chain.
a-boose', n.
A house on deck, Ca-dav'er-ous, a. [Lat. cadaverosus, fr. cadaver, a corpse.]
Resemwhere the cooking is done.
ab'ri-o-let' (-1;V), n. [Fr., dim. of
bling a corpse pale wan ghastly.
ad'dice,
The larva of the cadcabriole, a goat-leap, caper.]
n.
A onedice-fly.
horse pleasure-carriage with two ad'dis, }

a'ble,

ad'dIce-fly,

seats.

Ga-A'0

{or ka'ko), n.

[Mexican caca-

uatl.]

The chocolate

tree.

Xch'a-l6t

down the existing order of things.

[-LED -ling, 13b.] To unite

v.

i.

(kiish'-), n.

CACHE (kash), n.

[Fr., fr. cacher, to

A hiding-place

hide.]

A a-HE'TI-al,

n. A Jewish doctor conversant with the cabala.

ab'a-list'I,
la. Pertaining to
CXb'a-ltst'ic-al, )
the
cabala
containing an occult meaning.

6ab'a-list,

[Greenland

a.

for provisions.

Having, or
pertaining to, a

bad

state of body.
n. [Fr., fr. cacher,
to conceal.]
seal, r.s of a letter.
Lettre de cachet, a sealed letter of state,
formerly much used in France for imprisoning obnoxious persons.

Cachet (k&sh'H),
A

!A-HEX'Y,

n.

[Gr.

Kax^ia,

fr. iea-

n.

sect, frequenting

AD'DY,.

The sperm whale.

ktgutilik.]

!a-He'TI,

in secret artifices
to plot.
Gab'A-la, n.
[See supra.]
1.
mysterious science among Jewish
[cabnlists.
rabbins. 2. Mystery.
GXB'A-LlgM, n. Secret science of the

species of inplaces.

marshy

[Dim. of cade, cask.]

small box for tea.

[or cask.
KaSos, jar.] A barrel
[L. Lat. cadentia, fr.
Lat. cadere, to fall.] 1. A fall of the
voice in reading or speaking. 2. A
uniform time and pace in marching
a-det", n. [0. Fr. capdet, as if from
N. Lat. capitettvm , dim. of caput,
head, top.] A j oung man in a military school.
A'vr, n. ; pi. A'Vi. [Turk.] The
judge of a town or village among the

ade, n. [Gr.
a'dence, n.

Turks.

[zinc.

<3Ad'mi-um, v.
A metal related to
[Lat.
t'A-nu'pE-zrs, n.
GAB'BAGE,
cachinna^ACH'IN-NA'TION, n. [Lat.
Mercury 's rod or wand.
Lat. capitatus, having a head, from
Loud or immoderate laughter. -Ga-du'ci-ty, n. [L. Lat.
tio.]
caput, head.]
A common garden ack'le, v.i. [-ed; -ing.] [II.
caducitas, from Lat. caduv.i. To form a head in
vegetable.
Tendency to fall.
CM5.1
Ger. gackeln, gackern.] 1. To make
growing.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] [Orig.
To
Ca-du'coOs, a. [Lat. cadtta noise like a goose or hen. 2.
to cut off the heads of cabbages, esp.
giggle.
n.
1. Noise of a goose or
cus, from cadere, to fall.]
such as belong to others.] To purFalling off quickly or early.
hen. 2. Sillv prattle.
n.
One who cabals.
n. [0. Eng. cabbish, from

a-bal'ler,

kos,

bad,

efts,

state.]

de-

loin, as pieces of cloth, after cutting

out a garment.
GAB'IN, n.
[W. caban, dim. of cab,
cot, tent.]
1. A cottage
a hut. 2.
An apartment in a ship for officers,
[-ed; -ing.] To live
ke.
v.i.
in a cabin
to lodge.
v. t. To con;

and

praved condition of the system.

a'0-e'THE2,
from

xa/cos,

habit.]
2.

An

1.

n.

[Gr. to

bad, and

/caKoijfles,

rfios,

A bad custom

custom,
or habit.

incurable ulcer.

CJ^E-gU'RA, or C/jE-SU'RA,
n.; Eng. pi. C-E-gu'RAg
(or -su'-)

Lat

pi-

fiJE-

S v'RJE. [Lat. from ex- Caduceug

exsum, to cut off.] A
,

a-oog'ra-PHY, n. [Gr. *ca/cds, bad,

and ypa<jiri, writing.] Bad spelling or

dere,

pause or division

in

a verse.

Q^-gu'RAL or jE-s'ral, a. Perwriting.

[ing.
fine in a cabin.
-eA-ccPH'o-Nous, a. Harsh-soundtaining to the caesura.
CXb'in-boy, n. A boy who waits on A-OPH'0-NY, n.
[Gr. KanofytavLa,
Cafe (kaf'a), n. [Fr. See Coffee J
the officers and passengers in a ship.
fr. tea/cos, bad, and fytavf), sound.] A
A coffee-house.
ab'in-et, n. [Dim. of cabin.] 1. A
disagreeable sound of words.
2. A af-fe'I. a.
[See Coffee.] Persmall room.
2. A room in which
bad voice.
taining to, or obtained from coffee.
consultations are held.
Select eie'TUS^, n. ; pi. CA'TUS-ES, or af-fe'Ine, n.
3.
A white, bitter subcouncil of a prince or executive gov[keg
A"TI.
[Gr. /ca/cTos, a prickly
stance, obtained from coffee.
;

ernment.
4. A piece of furniture
with drawers, &c.
,

I,

d,V,Y, long; A, E,

I,

plant.] A
can plants.

6, D, \, short;

genus of tropical Ameri-

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

XG,n.

age,

WHAT

[I eel.

n.

kaggi.]

small cask

[Lat. cavea, cavity.]

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM

box

S6N.


CAIMAN

See

n.

CALL

53

or inclosure for confining birds or

other animals.
v. t. [-eb
-iNG.j
To confine in a cage.

CAI'MAN.
A'IQUE,

CAYMAN.

or a-IQUE', n.
[Turk.
A kind of Turkish skiff

Al'a-MUS,

n.

AL> A-MI.

pi.

[Gr.

a plant
*caAa/u.os.] The Indian cane
of the palm famih
a-lash', n. [Of Slavonic origin.] 1.
;

hot press, to make cloths

paper, &c, smooth, even, and glossy, or to give them a wavy appearv.t. [-ED; -ING.] To pre 3
ance.
between rollers so as to make smooth,
glossy, or wavy.
der.]

light carriage having a top that

can be raised or lowered. 2. Top of
a carriage which can be thrown back Cal'ENDSj, n. pi. [Lat. calendse, from
calare, to call, proclaim.]
airn, n [\V. cam, heap.] A roundFirst, day
at pleasure. 3. A kind of hood.
of each month among the Komain.
ed or conical pile of stones.
!AL-eA'RE-ous, a. [Lat. calx, lime.]
al'en-ture (53), n. [From Lafc.
Als'SON, n. [Fr., from caisse, case,
Of the nature of limestone.
calere, to be warm.] A furious delirichest.]
A chest containing ammu- eXL'CE-A'TED, a. [Lat. calceatus.]
nition.
from calceus, shoe.] Wearing shoes.
um caused by the heat of the tropi^Al'TlFF, n. [Lat. captivus, captive, al-c!f'er-OUS, a. [Lat. calx, lime,
cal sun at sea.
qaiq, boat.]
or lighu boat.

fr. caper e, to take.]

A mean, despicable person.
n. [Of Malayan origin, fr.
kayxi, tree, and patik, white.]
An
essential oil from the East Indies.
a-jole', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr.
cajoler, to flatter, orig. to allure one
into a cage like a bird, fr. geCle, dim.
of cage] To deceive by flattery.

aj'e-pDt,

Syn. To flatter

wheedle

deceive;

delude; coax; entrap.

?a-jol'er,

One who

n.

cajoles

a wheedler.
n. A wheedling
ing language
flattery.
flatterer

coax-

coquere, to cook,
bake.] 1. A composition of flour,
butter, sugar, &c, baked in a small

Any mass

of matter flat
To form into
and concrete.
v. t.
a cake, or mass.
v. i. [-ed
-ing.]
To concrete or form into a hard

mass.

2.

mass.

Gal'A-basH,

n.
[Ar. gara/i, f., a
kind of gourd, and aibas, f. aibasak,
dry, i. e., a dry gourd scooped out.]

Fruit of the calabash-tree. 2. A

vessel made from the gourd, or the
1.

gourd

calescens, to
calx, lime,

[Lat.

In the form of

chalk or lime.

al-cin'a-ble,

Capable of being

a.

n.
[A corruption of
Sp. calabozo, dungeon.]
prison a

jail.

alf

n.

(kaf),

Growing

calves,

(kavz).
;
[A.-S. c.ealf] 1. Young of the cow.
Thick, fleshy part of the leg bepi.

2.

[calcining.
hind, below the knee.
Operation of <3Xl'I-BER, n.
[Lat. qua libra, of
v.t.
[-ED
Cal'i-bre, ) what pound or weight?]
-1NG.] [Lat. calx, lime.] To reduce,
1. Diameter of a round body.
2. Dior to be reduced to a powder, or to a
ameter of the bore of any tube. 3)

al'c!ne,

or

friable state,
n.

by heat.

Mental capacity.

Metallic basis of lime.

Cal'U-la-ble,
.AL'U-LATE,

Capable of being

a.

V.

[-ED; -ing].

t.

[Lat. calculate, calculatus, fr. calcuTo ascertain by arithmetical or mathematical processes.

v. i.
To make a calculation.
lus, pebble.]

Syn.

To compute

reckon

count

rate.
Calculate is generic,
estimate
referring to the operation as a whole;
compute relates to the obtaining of a
gross sum or amount reckon and count
to the details in so doing.
@g- In the U. S., calculate is often improperly used for intend or purpose ; as,
a man calculates to go a journey.
;

al'a-boose',

calescfre,

calcined L

al-^INE,

al'* u-la/tion,

itself.

[Lat.

grow warm.]

warmth

CJal/ci-na'tion, n.

calculated.

[From Lat.

n.

Containing car- eA-LES'CENCE, n.

to bear.]

bonate of lime.

al'(;i-UM,

Ca-jol'er-y,
"AKE,

and ferre,

al'ci-form, a.
and forma, form.]

)AL'I-CO, n.; pi. CAL'I-COEg. [First

imported from Calicut, in the E. I.]
1. Plain white cotton cloth.
[Eng.]
\Amer.~\
2. Printed cotton cloth.

ae'i-dut,

n. [Lat. color, heat, and

pipe used to con-

ductus, lead.]

vey heat.
-fA'LiF, n.

See

Caliph.

a-lig'i-nous, a. [Lat. caliginosus,

from caligo, mist, darkness.] Dark.
al'I-PASH', n.
Part of a turtle
which belongs to the upper shell.
al'i-pee n. Part of a turtle which
,

belongs to the lower shell.

al'i-per,

Com-

n. pi.

passes with curved legs for

Computation;

measuring the diameter

[calculation.
of round bodies.
Pertaining to A'LIPH,n. [Ar. Malifah,
One who comfr. khalafa, to
succeed.]

n.

reckoning.

^al/cu-la/tive, a.
al'U-la'tor, n.

al'A-m.Xn'0 (82), n.
[L. Lat. calputes or reckons.
One of the successors of
Calipers.
amancus, camelaucus, a head cover- ae'u-eoOs, a. 1. Like stone gritMohammed.
ing made of camels hair, wheuce
2. Affected with the gravel or al'iph-ate, ) n.
ty.
Office or dignity
;

the name.]

woolen

stuff,

of a fine

and

either ribbed or plain.

[Lat. calamus,
reed, and ferre, to bear.] Producing
reeds; reedy.
Al/A-MiNE, n.
[Lat. carlmia, d
having been, as it often is, changed
into I.] The silicate of zinc.
A-LAM'I-TOUS, a. 1. Suffering calamity
miserable.
2. Producing
gioss,

Al/A-MIF'ER-olJS,a.

calamity

Syn.

making wretched.

Deplorable

flictive; wretched; sad;

ful; disastrous; adverse

a-lXm'i-tous-ness,
ness; distress.

i-A-LAM'I-TY,

n.

distressful

af-

grievous; bale;

a.

unhappy.

Wretched-

ai/U-l,us, n.;

branches jof mathematics.

al'dron

(kawl'-), n.
[Lat. caldariu?n, from caldus, calidus, warm, hot.]
large_kettle or boiler.
-eXL'E-FA'clENT, a. [Lat. calefacere,
Making warm heatcalefaciens.]
7i.
A substance that excites
ing.
warmth in the parts to which it is
applied.
[or heating.
Oal'e-fac'TION, n. Act of warming

fortune or cause of misery.

Syn.
Disaster; misfortune: mishap;
mischance.
Calamity is either private
or public, and is a somewhat continuous st-ate disaster (lit., ill-starred) is a
sudden and distressing event or stroke,
as if from >ome hostile planet.
Misfortune, nishap. mischance, are words which

diminish in force according to the order

wh.ch they stand.

in

OR, DQ, WOLF, TOO, TOTOK

-Gal'E-FY,

v.
calefacere.]
v. t.
To

CXl'EN-DAR,

i.

Making warm

a.

or hot.
J
[Lat. calefieri,

make warm

the divisions of time, as days, weeks,

To

2.

An

almanac.

v.

t.

URN, RUE, PULL

n.

E,T, o,

[A modif. of cylinsilent

[Prob.

fr. Fr. calfater, fr. Ar. galafa,

to fill up crevices with fibers of palmTo drive oaktrees, or with moss.]
into the seams of, to prevent

um

leaking.

2.

To furnish

[See infra.]

c, G, soft

-C,

the shoes of with sharp points

[A.-S.
said of a horse or ox.
n.
:

sharp-pointed piece of iron on a shoo

for a horse or

an ox.

[calks.

(kawk'er), n.
One who
(kawk'ing-T/urn), n.
like a chisel, used in

Calk'ING-i'RON

An

instrument

calking ships.

ALL,v.t.
la,

[-ED;-ING.] [Tcel. kalTo invite or com-

Gr. KaAeiV.] 1.
to be present

mand

write in a calendar.

al'en-der,

to

CAL'is-THEN'res, n. sing.
[Gr. KaAos, beautiful, and crfleVos, strength.]
Exercise of the body and limbs, to
promote strength and grace.
a'lix, ii. A cup. See Calyx.
tJalk (kawk), v. t. [-ED -ing.] 1,

CALK'ER

or hot.

[Lat. calendarium,

an interest or account book. See

Calends.] ]. An arrangement of
months, &c.

of a caliph.
a.
Pertaining

calisthenics.

calc, shoe, hoof. Lat. calx, heel.]

from

To grow hot or warm.

n.

elL'^u-Li. <3AL'ls-THEN're,

pi.

[Lat. See Calculate.] 1. A concretion in any part of the body

the
2. One of the
stone in the bladder.

^AL'E-FAC'TIVE,
calamitas, al'e-fa'to-ry,

[Lat.
orig. injury of crops, fr. calamus,
reed, straw of grain .] Any great mis-

IAL'IF-ATE,

stone.

bid.

2.

To name.

G, hard ; AS; EXIST;

to
3.

summon
To

to
designate,

Nosng;

THIS.

CALLER

al,l/er, n. One who

tAL'LI-GRAPH'lC,

6aLLI-graph'I-al,

kind of pipe, used by the American Indians for smoking tobacco,

and as a symbol of peace and war.
[-ED; -ING.]
A-L,OM'NI-ATE, V. t.

Of. or
pertaining

An elegant
n.
[Gr. /caAAiypa-

<ia.from /caAos, beautiful, and ypdElegant penmanship.

<f>i.v,to write.]
Call'ing, ii. 1. A summons or invocation;
2.
Occupation;
vitation.

a-lijM'NI-a'TION,

a.
callus.]

ca-

de[ously.

'A-LUM'NI-OUS-LY, adv.

al'UMNY,

Slaudercalumnia.]

[Lat.

ii.

False accusation of ;i crime or offense.

Slander; defamation libel.
Syn.
Calumny properly denotes the originating or first uttering of such a charge; the
remaining words apply to this, and also
to the circulation of the charge when
originated by others.

induI. Hardened
Hardened in mind.
In
a
callous
or
adv.
Cal'LOCs-LY,
[callous. CXi/VA-RY,
hardened manner.
rated.

2.

al'lous-ness,

al'LOW,

State of being
n.
[A.-S. calo.] Destitute

a.

of feathers unfledged.
[Lat.]
1. A preternatural hardness of the skin. 2. New
growth of bony matter between the
extremities of fractured bones.
ALM(kam),a. [-ER -est.] 1. Not
stormy. 2. Undisturbed by passion.
;

6AJL'LUS,n.

Syn.

n.

Still; quiet;

Freedom from

tranquil; serene.
motion or dis-

turbance.
Tranquillity; stillness; quiet.
Syn.
[-EJ); -ING.]
To render
v. t.
quiet.
still or
To appease; allay; tranquillize.
Syn.
ALM'LY (kam'-), adv. In a calm or
[calm.
quiet manner.
CXlm/ness (kam'-), n. State of being
al'o-mel, n, [Or. kccAos, beautiful, and jneAas, black, in allusion to
Mild chloride of mercury.
its color.]

[Lat. calvarivm, caln.

The place of Christ's
crucifixion.
[calf.
(kav), v. i.
To bring forth a
al'vin-ism, n. Doctrines of Calvin
and his folio wei
[Calvinism.
al'vin-'ist, ii. One who adheres to

varia, skull.]

alve

Gal'vin

a-LOR'I,

[Lat. color, heat.]

XL/0-RlF're,

a.

and

heat,

color,

alx,

Pertaining

a.

Eng.pl. CALX'Eg; Lat.

tj.j

pi.

cAL'pES. [Lat. calx, limestone.]

Earthy residuum remaining after the
calcination of a metal or mineral.
rjA'IA'X. ll.; Eng. pi. A'lyx-es Lat. pi. eAz'-

moving
an alternating or variable
piece, to

produce

sect of

monks

Xl/trap,

ai/trop,

[It.

Calyx.

gamdl.]

trivance for lifting

ships over shoals.

tread,

strument

An

in-

PARD'
Caltrop,

with

A, e,

I,

5,

n.

[Lat.

Kaju.T)Aos,

calamus, reed.]

v,\,long; A, E,

1,

6, u,y, short;

n.

con-

so

camise.
attack

stuff originally

<

made

of camel's hair, now frequently of

hair and silk or of wool and thread.
eXM'o-MlLE, n. [Gr. x o M a t-M 17^ 0,/
strictly earth-apple.]
A bitter plant
used in medic inc.
,

Gamp,

[Lat. campus.]
1. Ground
n.
on which tents, huts, &c, are erected for shelter. 2. Arrangement of
such tents, huts, &c.
3.
Whole

company encamped in the same spotv.i.

To rest or lodge; to pitch

tents,

&c.

am-PAIGN'

(-pan'),

[Lat.

t?.

Cam

pania, the country about Naples, sc

called from its being level (rampes
tris).]
1. A large, open plain.
2
Time that an army keeps the field
v.i. To serve in a campaign.

An

old

bell,

[Low Lat.

77.

and Gr.

Art of ringing

Ao-yov,
bells.

dis-

(45), a.

Bell-shaped.

Cam-pes'tral,

[Lat. campes-

a.

-Gam-pes'tri-an.
ter, campestris,
from campus, field.] Pertaining to a
field, or open ground.
I

GaM'Phene',

[A contraction of
oil of turpentine.

n.

campliogen.]

Cam'PHOR,

Pure

11.

Skr. ^karpiira.]

&

[Ar.

The

Per. kafrti.
sap of

solidified

tree.
v.

To impregnate

t.

[phor.

CAM-PHOR^I, a. Pertaining to camCamp'-stool, n. A stool with cross-

EX
Camel.

>r

Cam'el-O-

named because he

has a neck and head like a camel,

and is spotted like a pard.] A ruminant quadruped, inhabiting the deserts
of Africa

am'let,

am'PHOR-ate,

[Gr. KajuajAoTrapSaAis, fr.

camel, and 7rapSaAi?,

pard, leopard

four iron points, so arranged that,

three of them being on the ground,
the other projects upward.

Xl'u-MET,

2.

a-mel'o-pard,

having a prickly
2.

or

large

and tribolo,
Star-thistle, steelplant
trap.]
1.

Africa.

An

with camphor.

ruminant quadruped of Asia and

fruit.

tlax, linen,

Hebrew
1.

Fr.

[0.

[Low Lat.
campanula, dim. of campana, bell.]

[Gr.

n.

calcatreppolo, star-thistle, fr. calcare, to

catreppo,

n.

an East Indian

/cd/u.T)Aos,

in

am-pan'u-late

cotton.

^am'el,
'

cal-

white fabric of

XiYii-SADE',

camparia,

One of a ame, imp. of Come

of the Greek church.

it.

fine,

lit.

am'i-sa'do,
shirt.]
by surprise at night.

course.]

camera, vault,

[Lat.

n.

[Lat.,

An apparatus

which the images cf external objects

are thrown upon a white surface
placed on the focus of the glass within a darkened chamber or box.

the shape of a bell.

motion.

am'ber,

ury.] Science of finance or public

revenue.

am'e-ra Ob-scu'ra.

Xm'pa-nol'o-gy,

bent.]
A projecting
part of a wheel or other

heating.

and yepwv, an old man.]

n.
[Lat.]
1. An arched
or vaulted roof. 2. Form of the camt -

am'e-ra,

(-pin'-), n.
soldier; a veteran.

ed,

[Gr. kclAos, beautiful,

11.

precious stone,

relief.

am-pXn'i-FORM, a. [Low Lat. tampana, bell, and forma, form.] In

outer covering, or leaflike envelope of a flower.

am, n. [W. cam, crook-

effects.

a-LOY'ER,

am-paign'er

[Gr. k<xAv. fr.

/caAujrTctv, to cover.] The

arch.]
A convexity on the top of a
[Lat. color,
Cal/o-RIM'e-ter, n.
beam, or of an aperture.
measure.]
ApGr.
and
nerpov,
eXM'BlST,
.
[Lat. cambire, to exheat,
paratus for measuring heat in bodies.
change.] A banker.
[Lat. calor, <3am-boose', n.
C'A-iLOR'I-MO'TOR, n.
See Caboose.
[From Cambray, in
heat, and motor, a mover.] A gal- t'AM'BRl-e, n.
vanic battery, producing powerful
Flanders, where it was first made.]

Causing heat

from L&t. gem

[It.,

jewel.]

or a shell, carved in

Y-pE$.

The

[Lat. calorificus, fr.

facere, to make.]

to Calvin, or
j
to his opinions in theology.

and combustion.

principle of heat

1sT'I,

al'vin-1st'I-al,

n.

ma, gem,

dark chamber.]
Slanderous

a.

famatory,

Gal'loDs,

slander.

One who

n.

lumniates.

a-lDm'ni-oGs,

horny hardness
n.
[Lat. callosus, fr. caZ-

al-los'i-ty,

False accu-

n.

sation of a crime or offense

a-lDm'n1-a'TOR,

[ofskin.

business.

Xm'e-o(147),ti.

[Lat. calumniari.] To accuse falsely

ra obscura used by photographers.
and knowingly.
[Lat.
Syn. To asperse; slander; defame; AM'E-RA-Lls"riS, n. sivg.
vilify; traduce; libel.
camera, vault, arch, Low Lat. treas-

[penman.

to, caligraphy.

AL-LfG'RA-PHlST,
Gal-LIG'RA-PHY, n.

te,

calls.

a.

CAN

54

as for an office, duty, &c. 4. To utter

v. i. 1. To cry
in a loud voice.
out. 2. To make a brief stay or
summons
or invitavisit.
1.
A
n.
tion.
2. Public claim or demand.
visit.
3. A short

the giraffe.

legs to fold up.

[Lat. canna, reed, a small
n.
metal cup or
vessel, Gr. navva.]
[imp.
vessel for liquors.
v. i.
[A.-S. cvnnan, Goth.
COULD.]
kunnan.] To be able: to have power,

Can,

either physical or moral.

Can but; can not but. "lean

Syn.
bvt .perish if I try," means it is the utmost that can befall me: "I can not hut
think," &c. means, " I can not (morally)
that is. can not help itbut do it"
This latter idea of constraint is a very
common one, and should alway.. be ex-

care, far, Ask, all, what; ere, veil,

TlM;

pique, firm; son.

'

CANAILLE
happen.
(ka-nal' or ka'na'y'), n.

[Fr.,fr. Lat. canis, dog.]

The rabble

the vulgar.
[Lat. canalis, fr. canna,
1. Au artificial waterreed, pipe.]
course. 2. A duct for tae passage
[COAL.
of liquidsor solids.

(Ba-KAL', .

jUV'AL-OAL,

Canard

CannelSee
ka-nard'), n.

11.

(ka-n'ir'

or

a duck, hi allusion to a certain

some ducks.]
absurd stor/ abou
An extra vagaat and ridiculous fabri[Fr.,

cation

a-na'ry-b'['rd

(18),

n.

small

Xn'dor,

be

[Lat., fr. randere, to

n.

Freedom from prejudice or

white]
disguise

fairness

impartiality.

AN'Dy, t). (. [-ED; -ING,

To conserve in sugar. 2.

142.]
'to

1.

form

v. i. 1. To
into crystals, as sugar.
change into sugar. 2. To be formed
n.
into congelations or crystals.
[Skr. kiianda a piece, sugar in lumps
sugar-cane, treacle, fr. khand, khad,
to break.]
A preparation of sugar
or sirup.
CANE,ri. [Lat. canna.] 1. A plant
of several species belonging to different genera.
2. A walking-stick
a
v.t. [-ed; -ING.] To beat
staff,
with a cane.
ane '-brake, n. A thicket of canes.
a-ni'u-lar, a.
[Lat. cunicula, a
little dog.]
Pertaining to, or measured by, the rising of the Dog-star.
Ga-nine', a. [Lat. caninus, fr. canis,
dog.] Pertaining to dogs.
Canine teeth, the sharp teeth* on each
,

common factors.
n. [Lat.] 1.
sign in the zodiac.

out

an'cer,

The

crab.

2.

3. (Med.) A
kind of tumor, usually terminating
in an ulcer.
[cancerous.
CXn'CER-a'tion, n.
A growing

an'9ER-ous,

a.

Like, or consisting

Xn'nu-LAR

(kan'u-lar),

[Lat

a.

cannula, dim. of canna, reed, tube.;

Having the form of a tube tubular.
a-noe' (ka-nob'), n. A boat formed
of the trunk of a tree, excavated, or
of bark or skins.
an'on, n. [Gr.
law
1.
.
A 1U.W
Uf. kolvuv.]
KOLViOV.]
2.
or rule.
;

singing bird of the fiuca family, a

native of the Canary Islands.
[-ED.-IJfG: or -LED,
t.
[Lat. cunct-llare, from
-LING-, 137 ]
eanceUi.Cam of cancer, lattice.] 1. To
cross and deface the line* of.
2. To
n. Suppression
annul, or desrov.
side, between the incisors and grinders.
and reprinting of a page or more of a
JXn'IS-TER, n. [Gv.Kavao-Tpov, from
work, or the part thus altered.
Kavy\, Kavva, reed.]
A small box or
GXN'CEL-LA'TION, V.
Act of
1
case for tea, coffee, &c.
canceling.
2. Operation of striking

t'AN'CEL.r

CANTILEVER

.;o

pressed by the words can not but. Can

but is properly used (as above) only
where we refer to the worst that can

Canaille

Genu

n e

books of the
Scriptures.

catalogue
of saints. 4.

An

ecclesias-

tical

digni-

tary.

5.

Aa
Canon Type,

The

largest size

having a specific name.

<3an'on-ess, n. A woman
a prebend.

a-non'I,
a-non'I-al,

Pertaining to a
according

a.

canon

of type

who enjoys

[nonical manner.
In a caa<-non'ic-al-ly, adv.
Quality of
a-non'I-al-ness, n.
being canonical.
to rule.

a-non'I-alr,

n. pi.

Full

official

dress of the clergy.

A-NON'I-ATE,

a canon.
Xn'ker (82), n. [Lat. cancer.] 1. GXn'on-ic'i-ty,?*. State of belonging to the canon, or genuine books
An ulcer in the mouth. 2. Any
thing which corrodes, corrupts, or
of Scripture.
destroys. 3. A kind of wild, worth- Jan'on-ist, n.
A professor of canon
less rose; dog-rose.

v.t.

4.

A caterpillar.

[-ED -ING.]
1. To eat;
corrupt consume.
2. To
infect or pollute.
t.
1. To be or
become venomous.
2.
To waste
away or grow rusty.
[canker.
an'ker-ous, a. Corroding like a
Gan'ker-rash, n. A variety of the
corrode

Office of

n.

[a canonist.

law.

Xn'0]\-ist'I, a.

GXn'on-i-za'tion,

Of, or relating to,

n.
1. Ceremony

of placing the name of a deceased

person in the catalogue of saints. 2.
State of being canonized.
DE-LA'BRA ; Brtff. pi. AN'DEGan'on-ize, v. t. [-ed; -ING.] To
LA'BRUMS. [Lat.,fr. candela, canplace upon the catalogue of saints.
dle.] A branched, highly ornamented
Gan'on-law, n. The law sanctioned
scarlet fever.
candlestick.
by the church of Rome.
AN'DENT,a. [Lat. candens, -end's.] XN'KER-wORM(-wfirm), n. A worm
\n. A benefice, in a
destructive
to certain trees and an'ON-RY,
Heated to whiteness.
Gan'on-SHIP,
cathedral or collegiplants.
'an'did, a.
[Lat. Candidas, fr. canGXN'NEL-eoAL, n. [A corruption of
ate church, having a prebend andere, to be of a glowing white.] Free
candle-coal.] A kind of hard black
nexed.
from undue bias.
[Gr. Koivtanelov, a net
coal.
It burns readily, with a clear, an'OPY,.
Syn. Fair; open; ingenuous; frank.
yellow flanie.
over a bed to keep off gnats, from
A man is fair when he puts things on
1. A covering over
k<*>vui\J/, gnat.]
a just or equitable footing; he is candid Xn'NI-BAL,. [Sp. Caribales (equiv.
Then he looks impartially on both sides
the head. 2. An ornamental proto Eng. Caribbees), afrerward changed
.if a subject, doing justice especially to
jection over doors, wiudows, arches,
into N. Lat. CanibaUs, to expi-ess
the motives and conduct of an opponent;
See v.t. [-ed; -ING, 142.] To
their canine appetite for human
lie is ojien and frank when lie declares
flesh.]
A human being that eats
cover with a canopy.
his sentiments without reserve; he is
ingenuous when he does this from a noant, f. ;. To place on the edge, as
human flesh.
ble regard for truth.
an'ni-b'al-'ism, n.
a cask.
n.
[Icel. kantr, edge, anAct or practice
an'di-da-cy, n.
of eating human flesh by mankind.
gle, Gr. kolvOos, corLer of the eye,
The position of a
candidate.
Xn'non,!. [Lat.
felly of a wheel.]
1. An inclination
Xn'di-date, n. [Lat. candidates,
eayin,reed, pipe,
from a horizontal line. 2. A thrust
from Candidas, white, because those
A large
tube.]
or push, with a sudden jerk. 3. [Lat.
who sought offices in Rome were
metal cylinder for
cantus, chant.]
A sing-song mode
clothed in a white toga.] One who
throwing balls by
Affected religious
of speaking.
4.
seeks, or is selected for some office.
phraseology. 5. Secret language of
the force of gunCannon.
Xn'did-ly, adv. Openly; frankly.
powder
gypsies,. thieves, &c.
a.
Affected,
C\n'did-ness,m. Frankness candor. Can'non-ade', n. Act of discharging
inelegant, or vulgar.
v. i.
[-ED
6'an'DLE, n. [Lat. candela, from rancannon and throwing balls.
v. t.
-ING.] 1. To speak in an affected,
de.re, to be white.]
[-ed;-ing.] To attack with heavy
singing tone. 2. To make whining
A cvlinder of
tallow, wax, spermaceti, &c.,used to
artillery.
pretensions to goodness.
furnish light,
[candle. Xn'non-ball, n.
A ball to be Can'ta-leup, n. [From Ca,italucXn'dle-light (-lit), n. Light of a
thrown from cannon.
GXn'TA-LOUPE,
po, a castle in
fclAN'DLE-MAs(14S), n. The feast of the AN'NON-EER',ln.
A man who
A delicate variety of muskItaly.]
purification of the Virgin Mary, Feb. GXn'non-ier',
manages cannon.
melon.
so called from the great number Xn'non-shot, n.
2:
1. A ball for Gan'ta-lev'er, ) n. [From cant, an
of lights used on that occasion.
cannon. 2. The distance a cannon GXn'ti-lev'er,
external angle,
'Xn'dle-stick, n.
will throw balls.
A utensil to
[able.
and lever, a supporter of the roofhold a candle
Can'NOT. [can and no/.] To be untimber of a house.] A bracket for
of,

a cancer.

GXn'DE-LA'BRUM.

n.

Lai. pi.

AN'-

;'.

OR, do,

wolf, TOO, IOOE

URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

o, silent

G,
,

soft';

e, g, hard; Ag;

EXIST

N as

NG

Tflis-

CANTATA

56

supporting a balcony, the eaves of a

house. &c.
or -Can- ta' ta n. [It.]
A poein set to music.

Ga'PA-ble,a. [L. Lat. capabilis, fr.

1. Possessing
Lat. capere, to take.]
2. Possessability or qualification.
ing intellectual power.

Can- ta'ta,

Can-teen', n.

vessel
[Sp. cantina.]
for carrying liquor for drink.
GAN'TER, V. i. [-ED; -ING] To
v. I.
move in a moderate gallop.
[From
n.
To ride upon a canter.
pilgrims riding to Canterbury at this
A moderate gallop.
pace.]
an'ter-bur/y (-beVry), n.
receptacle for music, portfolios, &c,
being a stand with divisions in it.
Can'ter-bur'y-tale, n.
fabufr. the tales of Chaucer.
lous story
Can-thAr'i-ves, n. pi. [Lat.
Gr.] Spanish flies used for blistering.
Gan'ti-cle, n.
[Lat. canticulum,

&

dim. of canticum, song.] 1. A little

song. 2. pi. The Song of Solomon.

Gan'TIL-LATE,

v.

from canere, to

[Lat. cantillare,

t.

To chant.-

sing.]

Gan'til-la'tion, n.
Gan-t'ine', n.

See

chanting.

Canteen.

GXnt'let, n. A piece.
GAN'TO, n. / pi. gan'tSs.

canto,

[It.

from Lat. cantus, singing, song.] 1.

A chief division of a poem. 2. Mus.)
(

The soprano, or highest

part.

GAN'TON,

n. [L. Lat. cantonus, corner,

district.
See CANT, n.]
small
district constituting a distinct state
v. t. [-ED ; -ING ]
or government.

1.

2.

To divide into distiuct portions.

To allot separate quarters to, as

to troops^

GXn'ton ize, v. t.
GAn'ton-ment, n.

[cantons.
divide into

n.

[Gr. /cavi/ajSis, Kavvafios,

hemp.]

1.

or flax.

2.

The

Syn". Able; competent; efficient.

n. Capacity
capability
competence.
Ga-pa'cioOs, a. [Lat. capax.] Having capacity able to contain.
Syn. Large; spacious; broad; comprehensive^
GA-PAc'I-TATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To render capable to qualify.
Ga-pAc'i-TY, n. 1. Extent of room
or space. 2. Power of the mind to
receive ideas, &c. 3. Solid contents
of a body.
Syn. Ability faculty talent capa-

Ga'PA-ble-ness,

[0. Fr.]

foot.

n.
[Sp. caparazon,
cover for a saddle, coach, &c, fr. capa, ctoak, cover, and arzon, bows of
a saddle.] 1. A covering for a saddle
or harness; trappings. 2. Gay or rich
[-ED; -ING.] 1.
clothing,
v. t.
2. To
To cover with a caparison.

dress richly.

Cape,

n.
1. [Lat. caput, head, extremity.] A headland. 2. [Fr. cape.]
Neckpiece of a coat or other garment.
Ga'per, v. i. [Lat. caper, a he-goat.]
To leap or jump about to spring.
n. 1. A frolicsome leap or spring. 2.
[Gr. Ka.inra.pt<; Kamrapt., Ar. al-kabar.]
Flower-bud of the caper-bush.
;

coarse cloth of hemp

sails of a vessel.

rest the person

t.

[-ed;-ing.]

[From

canvas, in 0. Eng. a sieve.] 1. To

to examine thoroughly. 2. To
debate. 3. To go through in the way
of solicitation.
v. i.
To solicit
votes or interest.
n.
1. Close insift

in it.
GAp'IL-la'ceoDs, a. [Lax. capillaceus, hairy.] Having long filaments.
Ga-pil'la-ment, n. [Lat. capillamentum, from capillus, hair.]
filament a fine hair-like thread or fiber.

or Ga-pil'la-ry, a.
long and very
1. Resembling a hair
2. Pertaining to capillary
slender.
tubes.
n.
A fine vessel or canal.

spection.
2. Discussion.
3. Solicitation, or effort to obtain something.
n.
1. One who solicits
votes or subscriptions.
2. One who
examines the returns of votes.
San-zo'ne, n. [It.] A song or air in
two or three parts, with passages of
fugue and imitation.
GXn'ZO-NET', n.
[It.
canzonetta,
dim. of canzone.} A short song, in
one, two, or three parts.

GXn'vass-er,

Caout'chouc (koVchook), n.
[A
South American word.] An elastic
substance, obtained from the milky

juice of several tropical plants

called also India rubber.
GAp, n. [A.-S. cappe .] 1. A covering
;

GAP'I-TAL,

put, head.] 1. Pertaining to the head

or to forfeiture of the head'or life. 2.
First in importance.

1,

6, U, Y, long;

One who

n.

tS,I,

ca-

Ga-p'i'vi (-p3've), n. [See COPAIBA.]

A balsam.
Ga-poch' (ka-pobtsh'), n. [L. Lat. capucium, fr. capa, cappa, cape, cloak.]

monk's hood.

(ka'pn orka'pun), n. [Gr.

Kantov.]
A cock gelded to improve
his tieshfor the table.
GAp'o-niere', n. [Fr. caponnicre.]
work placed in a ditch for its defense by fire-arms.
C'A-POTE', n. [Fr. See CAP.] 1. A

long cloak worn by women. 2. A

coat with a hood, worn by soldiers,
&c.
[paper.

A coarse wrapping
a.
[Lat. capnolus,
wild goat, tendril, fr. caper, he-goat.]
Having tendrils, or spiral claspers.

Cap'-pa'per, n.
GAP'RE-O-LATE,

Ga-price'

(ka-prees'), n.

[Fr.,

from

Lat. caper, capra, goat orig. a fantastical goat-leap.]

Sudden or unreasonable change of mind or humor.
Freak; whim; fancy; vagary.
Syn.
;

Syn. Arbitrary
cal;

Gov-

a.

freakish

whimsi-

unsteady.

Ga-pri'cious-ly (-prlsh'us-), adv. In

a capricious manner.

GAp'ri-gorn

[Lat. capricor-

(25), n.

fr. caper, goat, and cornu, born.]

Tenth sign of the zodiac.
GAp'Rl-FI-GA'TION, n. [Lat. capriA
ficatio, from caprificus, wild fig.]

nus,

process of accelerating the ripening

of fruit.
7i.
[Lat. caper, capra,
A leap that a horse makes
goat.]

GAp'RI-OLE,

without advancing.

Syn. Chief; principal; leading.

Cap'-sheaf, n. Top sheaf of a stack
n. 1. Upper part of a column. 2.
of grain.
Chief city or town metropolis. 3. GAP'SI-GUM, n. [N. Lat., from capsa,
Stock employed in trade, &c. 4.
box, because it is contained in pods.]
Means of increasing one's power. 5.
A plant producing red or Cayenne
A letter of greater size than those
pepper.
-ing.] [Prob.
ordinarily used in the body of the Gap-size', v. t. [-ed
[property.
page.
from cap, top, head, and seize.] To

Gap'I-TAL-Ist,
Gap'i-tal-ize,
into capital.

A man

of large
t.
1. To convert
2. To print in capital
n.
v.

[ner.

letters.

upset or overturn.

GAp'stan,
ter.]

n.

[Lat.

capistrum, hal

ors. or

machine for weighing anch'

drawing up any great weight.

GAp'i-tal-ly, adv. In a capital man- Cap'su-lar,

\ a. Hollow, like a capGAp'I-ta'tion,*?. [Lat. capitatio, fr. GAp'su-la-ry,
sule.
caput, head.] 1. A numbering of Cap'su-late,
) a.
Inclosed in l
persons. 2. A tax upon each head
Cap'su-la'TED,
capsule.
Gap'sule, n. [Lat. capsula, a little
a poll-tax.
>AP f i-TE, n. [Lat., ablative case of
box, from capsa, chest, case.] 1. A
J

6, 0, Y, short;

for the head

2. Any thing resembling a cap.
v. t.
[-ped
-PING.]
1. To cover the top or end
caput, head.]
of.
2. To render complete.
3. To GAp'I-TOL, n.
provide with a cap.
[capable.
caput, head.]
Ga'PA-bIl'I-ty, n. Quality of being
in Rome. 2.

A, E,

Ga-pIt'u-la'tor,

[Lat. capitalis, fr. ca-

a.

capitu-

&c

named

Gan'vas-back, n. A kind of sea-duck. GAp'il-la-ry,

Jan'vass,v.

[Lat.

n.

Ca'PON

(kap'a-pee').

From head to
Ga-Par'1-son,

lum, dim. of caJ

put, head, chapter.] 1. An act passed
in a chapter of knighte, canons,
2. A collection of laws or statutes.
3. Member of a chapter.
Ga-pit'u-la-ry (44), a. Relating to
the chapter of a cathedral.
Ga-pit'u-late, v. i. [-ed; -ing.^
To surrender on stipulated terms.
Ga-pIt'u-la'tion, n. Act or instrument of capitulation.
[pitulates.

bility: skill; efficiency.

Cap-A-pie

Ga-pIt'U-lar,
Ga-pIt'u-la-ry,

Qa'PI-as, n. [Lat., thou mayesttake.] Ga-pri'cious (-prisb/us),

A writ commanding the officer to arPart of a town
rrned by caprice.

To

or village, assigued to a particular

regiment of troops.
Can-toon', m. A kind of strong stuff.

GXn'VAS,

CAPTAIN

tenure of land.

[Lat. capilolium, fr.

seed-pod or pericarp.
shallow saucer or dish.

2.
3.

small,

metal-

lic cover for closing a bottle.

Temple of Jupiter,
government house.
GAp'tain (42), n. [Lat. caput, the

1.

CARE, FAR,

ASK,. ALE,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

TERM; PIQUE, FTRM

SON.

CAPTAINCY
head.] 1.
or troop
;

2.

a ship.

CARICATURE

57

Commander of a company GXr'a-vXn'sa-ry,

also, the commander of" GXr'A-VAN'SE-RAI,

[Per.

n.

from icapSCa, heart, and aAyos,

Heartburn.

kar-

wan-sarai, fr.
)
Icarwan, caravan, and sara'i, palace,
inn.] A kind of inn, in the East.

military leader.

n. Rank, post, or commission of a ciptain.

ap'taIn-RY, n. Chieftainship.

ap'taIn-CY,

GAR'DI-NAL,

[Gr. <capa/3os, a kind

n.
small boat used for
of light ship.]
the herring-fishery , on the coast of

Gar'A-VEL,

n.
1. Rank or authority of a captain. 2. Skill in military affairs.
GXP'TION, ii. [Lat. captio, fr. capr.re,
to take.] That part of a legal instru-

Gap'tain-shIp,

ar'A-wav,.

[Ar. karwiya, karatviya, fr. Gr. tcapov, *apos.] 1. An arosweetmatic plant, and its seed. 2.
meat containing caraway seeds.

ment which shows where, when, and

by what authority it was taken, Gar'bIne,

n. [L. Lat. carabaga, cabu-

cadahulus, engine of war, fr.

Gr. Ka.Ta/3oA7J, a throwing down.] A
kind of fire-arm used by mounted

lus, for

found, or executed.

Gap'tioDs, a.
iupra.] Apt

[Lat. captiosus.
See
to find fault.
Caviling; petulant; fretful.
SYN.
One who is captions is ready to catch at
the slightest faults; one who is caviling
does it on trivial or imaginary grounds;
one who is petulant is apt, from irritability, to make hasty but slight attacks
fretfulness is complaining impatience.

and

ance,

n.

fortitude.

1. One of the pope's council

womanjs short cloak.
Gar'di-nal-ate, n. Office, rank,
Gar'di-nal-ship, j
or dignity of a

2.

cardinal.

Gar'DI-OID,

troops.

Gar'bi-neer', n.
w ith a carbine.
AR'BO,v, n. [Lat.

cardo, hinge of a door, that on whicb

a thing depends.] Of fundamental im
portanee superior chief; principal.
Cardinal numbers, the numbers one,
tivo, three, &c., in distinction from first,
Cardinal pointn,
second, third, &c.
north and south, east and west. Cardinal virtues, prudence, justice, temper?
;

France. _

soldier

armed

pain.',

[Lat. cardinalis, fr

a.

[Gr.

ii.

/cap8io-eio%,

An

algebraic curve
[Gr. Kap&La,
An
carbo, coal.]
heart, and Aoyos, speech.] A dis
elementary substance, forming the
courseor treatise on the heart.
[carbon. Gar-DOON', n. [Lat. carduus, card us,
base of charcoal.
thistle. )_ A. plant used as salad.
AP'Tiot'S-LY, adv. In a captious Car'BO-na'ceous, a. Pertaining to
A salt formed by ard'-ta'ble, n. A table having a
[find fault. G ar'bon-ate, n.
manner.
with
a
base.
carbonic
acid
union
of
Disposition
to
Gap'tioljs-ness, n.
leaf which folds over upon the other,
[-ed: -ING.] G'AR-BON'Mc a. Pertaining to carbon.
used for playing cards on.
Gap'ti-vate, v. t.
carbo,
[Lat.
a.
GAR'BON-iF'ER-OLS.
captirus,
capGare (4), n. [A.-S. caru, Goth. kara.
[Lat. captivare, from
Producing
coal, and ftrre, to bear.]
allied to Lat. cura, care.] 1. Charge
To overpower with excellence
tive.]
carbon.
or oversight. 2. Attention or heed
or beauty.
burdensome
watchfulness.
3.
To enslave subdue charm; Gar'bon-i-za'tion, n. Act or proSyx.
cess of carbonizing.
enchant ;_fascinate.
sense of responsibility. 4. Object of
GXp'TI-va'tion, n. Act of taking Gar'bon-ize, v. t. [-ED -ING.] To
watchful attention.
a prisoner.
convert into carbon.
Anxiety; solicitude; concern;
Syx.
Gap'TIVE. n. [Lat. captivus, fr. ca- Gar'BOY, n. [Cf. Gael, carb, basket.]
trouble.
Care belongs primarily to the
intellect, and becomes painful from over1.
prisoner taken
pere, to take.]
large, globular glass bottle, inthought; anxiety is a state of
burdening
in war. 2. One charmed by beauty
closed in basket-work.
painful uneasiness from the dread of
a.
1. Made prisoner.
or affection.
Car'bux-cle ( bunk-1, 82), n. [Lat.
evil; solicitude and concern express the
2. Serving to confine.
carbunculus, dim. of carbo, coal.] 1.
same feeling in diminished degrees.
State of being a
Cap-txv'i-ty. n.
beautiful gem, of a deep red color.
v.i. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To be anxprisoner or under control.
2. A malignant bcil of long continious.
2. To be inclined.
Gap'tor, n. One who takes, as a
uance, having no central core.
a-reen', i'. . [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
prisoner or a prize.
Gar-bun'U-lar, a. Lelonging to,
carina, the keel.] To heave on one
GXpt'ure, n. 1. A seizing by force
or resembling, a carbuncle.
side, as a ship, for repairing, cleansv.t. To ar'bu-ret, n. A combination of
seizure. 2. Thing taken.
v.i.
To incline to one
ing, &c.
take by force, surprise, or stratagem.
carbon with some other substance.
side, as a ship.

heart-shaped.]
,

a R'DI-6l'0-&Y,

11.

^AP'U-CHIN',

ar'bu-ret ed,
ar'bu-ret'ted,

[Fr. capita' n, fr. ca-

n.

1. A
pw.e. capuchon, hood, cowl.]
monk of the order of St. Francis. 2.
A cloak with a hood.
Car, n. [W. car. allied to Ger. karre,
Jcarren.] 1. A sma'l vehicle on wheels.
[Amer.] 3.
2. A railway carriage.
A chariot of war.
ar'a-OLE, n. 1. A half turn made

by a horseman.

2.

Gar'a-gheen, n.
ar'A-ML, n.
and mel,

manner of a
AR'A-NET. n.
the

Carrageen.

Upper

n.

are marked.

crab, or other crus-

v.

A twenty -fourth part

the fineness of gold.

2.

used

Icarwan. qirioan,

traveling through

A company travel-

regions.] 1.

OR, DQ,

WQLF, TOO, TOOK;

tiRN,

-ING.]

t.

To play

at cards.

with a card.

[Gr. Kap8ap.wju.ov,
ap.wp.oe, an Indian spice-plant,
for <r/capS, fr. Skr. tsh/iarrl,
to vomit : lit. enemy to vomiting.]
An aromatic plant of the E. Indies.
Gard'ER, n. One who cards wool.
GAR'DI-A,
[Gr. KapSiao<r,
( a.
GAR-DI'A-AL, i fr. KapSi'a, heart.]

of

ing together for security. 2. A close

carriage, or a train of such carriages,
for conveying wild beasts, &c.

[-ed

and <apt,

n. [Per.

many

i.

from

little

Gar'a-van, or Gar'a-van',

carduus, cardus,

v.
To comb
CAR'DA-MOM, 11.

[Ar. qirrat, q'rat, fr. Gr.

horn, a weight, carat.]
1. The weight of four grains,
for
used
precious stones and pearls.
n.

Kepariov, a

4. [Lat.

An

instrument for combing

thistle.]
wool, flax, or the hair of animals.

shell of the

taceoas animal.

Gar'AT,

on which the points of the compass

porous substance, obtained by heating sugir to about 400.

]

in

ii.

[Lat. canna, reed,

black,
mellis, honey.]

ar'a-pace,
Gar'a-pax,

with carbon

[Allied to 0.
Ger.
collar of jewels.
[Lat. ca.ro, flesh, and
capsa, chest, box.] 1.
dead body
2. Decaying remains of a
a corpse.
thing. 3.
kind of bomb.
Gard, n. [Gr. ^apif??, a leaf of paper.]
1. A piece of pasteboard or thick paper. 2. A published note. 3.
paper
que.rca, throat.]

Gar'GASS,

A spiral staircase.
See

Combined

a.

carburet.

1.

Pertaining to or resembling the

the upper

2. Pertaining to
orifice of the stomach.

heart.
I

Gar'DI-AL'&Y,

RUE, pyLL

E,

I,

n.

[Gr. KapStaXyia,

O, silent

a-reer',

ii.
[Lat. carrus, wagon.]
2. Rapidity of
1. A race-course.
motion. 3- General course of proceeding.!', i. [-ed; -ING.] To
move or run rapidly.
Gare'ftjl (4), a. 1. Giving good
heed. 2. Full of care or solicitude.
provi'
solicitous
Anxious
Syx.
cautious
circumthoughtful
dent

spect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.

CiRE'FUL-LY, adv.
Gare'ful-ness, ii.

\Yith care.

Quality or state

of being careful.

Gare'less,

a.

inattentive.
out care.

Having no care;
Done or said with-

1.

2.

[manner.
In a careless

GXre'less-EY, adv.
Gare'less-ness, 11.

State of bein~

careless.

Ga-rEss',v.

t.
[-ED -ING.] [L. La'
caritia, caress, fr. Lat. earns, dear.]
treat with affection or kinduesc;
Act of endearment.
n.
to fondle.
CI'RET, n. [Lat.. there is wanting.]
mark [A] used in writing which
shows that something js omitted.
GAR'GO, n. ; pi. AR'goes. [Sp. car-

To

gar, to load, charge.]

freight of a ship.

ar'I-ca-ture'

(53), n.

c,G,soft; ,G,kard; AS; EIST

as

Lading or
[It.

carica.

NG THIS

CARICATURIST
A

To make

a caricature

of.

One who makes

n.

caricatures.

'

a'ri-E,

[Lat., rottenness.]

n.

Ul-

Gar'i-nate,

Shaped

carinatus,

[Lat.

a.

from carina,

keel.]

the keel of a ship.

ar'[-ole, n. [It. carriuola, dim.
like

fr.

small, open carriage,

somewhat resembling a calash.
CA'Rl-os'l-TY, n.
Ulceration of a
Lat. carrus.]

bone.

Ca'ri-oGs,

CARL,n.

Affected with caries.

a.

[A.-S. carl, Jcel. karl,

man.]

A rude, rustic, rough man.

ar'man (150), n. A man who

drives

a cart.

Pertaining to the

a.

two

r;reat

arteries

of the neck that carry blood to the

[festival.
head.
Ca-ROUS/AL, n. A jovial feast or
Syn. Feast; banquet. Feast is generic; a banquet is a sumptuous feast; a
carousal is unrestrained indulgence in
frolic and wine.

[-ED; -ING.] [Ger.

garaus, end. entire emptying of the
cup.] To drink freely and in a jovial
manner.
n.
A drinking match.
v.

i.

[From Lat.

a.

car-

minare, to card, hence to cleanse.]

Expelling wind from the body.
n.
A medicine to expel wind.

CAR'MlNE,rc.

[Contr. fr. L. Lat. carniesinus, purple color, Eug. crimson.]

A beautiful pigment, of a rich red or

crimson

color.

Car'nage

(45), n.

[Lat. caro, carnis,

Flesh of slain animals.

Slaughter; massacre; havoc.
1.

ar'NAL,

[Lat. carnalis,

2.

caro,
carnis, flesh.] 1. Pertaining to flesh
sensual. 2. Lustful libidinous.
Car'NAL-IST, n. One given to sensuality,
[nal; sensuality.
Car-nXl'i-ty, n. State of being cara.

fr.

CAR'NAL-JZE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To

make carnal.
[flesh.
fXR'NAL-LY, adv. According to the
Car-na'TION, n.
[Lat.
carnatio,
;

fleshiness, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.]

1.
Flesh-color. 2. A kind of clove-pink.
Car-NEL'IAN (-yan), n. [N. Lat. carneolus, fr. carneus, fleshy.]
variety

of chalcedony, of a reddish-white

Car'ne-oOs,

ulantly.
n. [L. Lat. carpi o, carpo,
carpa, prob. from carpere, to seize.]
A soft-finned, fresh-^ater fish.
Car'pal, a. [N. Lat. carpus, wrist.]
Pertaining to the wrist.
CAR'PEL, n. [Gr. icapiros, fruit.]
sim pie pistil or one of the parts of a

compound pistil.
Car'pen-ter. n.

An

n.

Art of

cutting,

framing, and joining timber.

Carp'er, n. One who carps

[iler.
;

a cav-

Car'PET,

n.
[L. Lat. carpeta, woolly
cloths, from Lat. carpere, to pluck.]
covering for a floor.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] To cover with a carpet.
Car'pet-BAG. n. A traveling-bag.
Car'pet-ing. n. Cloth or materials
for carpets.
ar'ra-_geen', n.
kind of seaCar'RI-(xEEN',
weed, used for jellies, &c.
called also Irish moss.
AR'RiAGE,n. [See Carry.] 1. Act
of carrying. 2. A vehicle, especia' /
one for pleasure or for passengers. 3.

Personal demeanor.
Syn. Conveyance

behavior

con-

duct.

Car'ri-er,
which,

One who, or that

n.

carries.
[L. Lat. caronia,

n.

from

make.] To form flesh.

CXr'NI-val, n. [It. carnevale,

Car'ron-ade',
fare-

well to meat.] A festival celebrated

in Roman Catholic countries for a
number of davs before Lent.
Car-NIV'o-rous, a. [Lat. caro, carnis, flesh, and vorare, to devour.]

Feeding on flesh
Sar-nos'I-TY, n.

1.

fleshy ex-

crescence. 2. Fleshiness.
[tree.
Car'ob, n. A leguminous evergreen
CXr'OL, n. [L. Lat. carola, dim. of
Lat. chorus, a choral dance.] A song
of joy or of mirth; a lay.
v. t.

[-ED, -ING; or -LED. -LING, 137-]

To praise or celebrate in song.
o. i.
To sing to warble.
Ca-ROT'ID, n. [Gr. pi. KapwriSe?,
Kapa, head.] A large artery conveying blood from the neck to the head.
.

A.

f.. I.

o. u.

Y lom

2.

(kart/dtl-ve'

small photographic picture fastened upon a card.

ar-tel', or Car'tel,

n.

[Lat.

char la, dim. chartula.] A writing or

agreement, between states at war, as
for the

exchange of prisoners.

Cart'er,

v.

Car-t'sian,

man who drives a cart.

Pertaining to the

a.

es

once with another.

liard balls at

Scotland.]

Car'rot,

having an

[From Carron, in
n.
kind of short cannon.

[Lat. carola.]
esculent root.

n.

Car'rot-y,

plant

Like a carrot in color

a.

reddish-yellow.

Car'ry,

. t. [-ed ; -ING, 142.] [Fr.

charrier, to cart, from car, char, cay.]
1. To convev
to bear. 2. To urge
to impel.
3. To exhibit ; to imply.
reflex4. To behave ; to demean
ively.
v. i.
To convey or propel.
CXr'ry-all,m. [Corrupt.fr. cariole.]
A four-wheeled one horse vehicle.
Cart, n. [L. Lat. carreta, from Lat.
carrus, car.]
two-wheeled carriage,
for heavy commodities.
v. t. [-ED ;
-ING.] To carry in a cart.
;

CXrt'AGE,

n.

Act or cost of carting.

Carte-blanche (karfblonsh'), n.

.,1, 6, 0, Y, short;

A smooth,

whitish elastic substance

,

gristle.

CXr'ti-l ag'i-nous,
to,

or like a cartilage

Car-toG'ra-piiy,
leaf of paper, and

Pertaining

a.

gristly.
[Gr. x^R*7)-. a
ypdtyeiv, to write.]
;

n.

Art of forming charts or maps.

board

[See infra.]

n.

2.

Car-toon',

Paste-

1.

A pasteboard box.
from Lat.
design on paper,

[Fr. carton,

n.

charta, paper.] 1. A
to be painted in fresco. 2.
design
colored for working in tapestry, &c.
Car-touch' (kar-to'otch'). n. [Fr..
fr. carte, paper.] 1. A modillion. 2. A
case holding a charge for a fire-arm.
Car'tridge, n. [Formerly cartrage
as if fr. a N. Lat. chart aragium. front
Lat. charta, paper ] A case of paper,

timber.

Car'PEN-TRY,

Lat. caro, flesh.] Dead and putrefying flesh

a. Relating to carcassfeeding on carrion.
Car'rom, n. Act of hitting two bil-

be filled up as another pleases.

Unconditional terms.

Carte-de-visite
zeet'), n.
[Fr.]
A

Car'TON,

[L. Lat. carpentariMi'.from Lat. rarpentum , wagon, carriage.]

artificer who works in

a. [Lat. carneus.] Consisting of, or like, flesh.

[flesh.
n.
turning to
CAR'NI-FY, v. i. [Lat. carnificare, fr.
caro, carnis, flesh, and face.re, to

C AR'Nl-Fl-CA'TlOiY,

1.

CXr'ri-on,

color.

blank paper, signed at

the bottom with a person's name, to
[Fr.]

Ca-rous/ER, n. One who carouses.

French philosopher Pes Cartes, or to
Carp, v. i [Lat. carpere, to seize.]
his philosophy
To censure, cavil, or find fault pet- Car'TI-lage (45), n. [Lat. cartilage]

Car-min'a-TIVE,

flesh.]

CA-ROT'ID,
Ca-rot'id-al,

Ca-ROUSE',

ceration of hone.

Gar'i-NA'ted,

CASE

58

turn, fr. carkare, to charge, exaggeiate.]

figure or description iu
which the peculiarities of a person
or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.]

Xr'i-A-tur'ist,

pasteboard,

&c, containing

a charge

for a fire-arm.

[tridges

A case for carC'art'- wright (-rlt), n. A maker

CXr'tridge-box,

n.

of carts.

CXr'un-cle

[Lat. carvncula,

(82), n.

dim. of caro, flesh.] A small, fleshy

excrescence on the head of a bird.
Carve, v. t. [-ed
-ing.] [A.-S.
;

ceorfan.] 1. To cut, as wood, stone,

&c, in an artistic manner. 2. To
make or shape by cutting. 3. To cut
into small pieces or slices.
v. i.
1.
To exercise the trade of a carver. 2.
[small ship.
To cut up meat.
Car'VEL, n. [Contr. from caravel.] A
Carv'er. n. One who carves.

a'R y-a' TE$,

\n.pl.

[Gr.Kapv-

X'RY-AT'I-I>E2,

dnSes, priestess(
es of CarysB serving in the ten' pie of
Figures of women, serving
support entablatures.

Diana.]
to

Ca/ry-at'id, n. A female
porting an entablature.

figure sup-

C.\S'A-BEL, n. [Lat. scabillum, scabellum,an instrument resembling the

That part of a cannon in
castanet.]
rear of the base-ring.

Cas-cade',

[Lat. casare, to be
n.
rtjady to fall, from cadere, to fall.]
water-fall less than a cataract.
Cas'ca-ril'la. n. [Sp.,dim. of casplant, the bark
cara, peel, bark.]
of which is used as a tonic.

Case,.

[Lat. capsa.]

1.

coverirg,

box, or sheath. 2. Quantity contained in a box. 3. A frame containing boxes for holding type. 4. [Lat. casus, fr. cadere, to fall, to happen.] An
a circumstance. 5. A parevent
;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM S6N.

;

;,

CASEHARDEN

parts of the sentence.

Syn.
plight

v.

Situation

condition

state

r.

To harden by

t.

converting the surface into

Gase'-knife

Gase'mate,

(-ulf), n.

knife. _

n.

[It.

steel.

large table-

casamatta, from

and matto, matta, mad,

weak, feeble.] A bomb-proof chamber, in which cannon may be placed,
casa, house,

through embrasures.
G'ASE'aiENT, n. [From case, frame.]
A glazed frame or sash, opening on
to be fired

hinges.

Ga'se-ous,

[Lat. caseus, cheese.]

Pertaining to, or like, cheese.
'A'SERN, n. [L;it. rasa, shed, house.]
lodging for soldiers in garrison
a.

towns

n.

[Hindost. kassun.
large bird, resembling the

ostrich.

Small projectiles, in-

closed in a case or envelope.

Gash, n. [Fr. caisse. See Case, a
box.] Coin or specie;
sometimes,

bank-notes, drafts, bonds, &c.

v.

t.

[imp.

(6), v. t..
[Icel. kasta.]

& p.p.

To send

1.

cast.]

or drive

from, by force to throw. 2. To di3. To throw on

rect, as the sight.
the ground, as in wrestling. 4. To
shed. 5. To compute to reckon. 6.
To form from liquid metal to found.
v.i. 1. To receive form or shape.
2.
1. A throw.
n.
2. To warp.
A chance or venture. 8. Act of casting in a mold. 4. Form into which
any thing is cast. 5. Assignment of
6.
parts in a play to the actors.
Look glance squint.
Gas'TA-NET/, n. [Lat. castanea, a
chestnut.] A small concave shell of
ivory or hard wood, fastened with
another to the thumb, and beat with
the middle finger.
;

GAst'a-way,

barracks.

Gase'-shot,

Gas'so-wa-RY,

GAst

t.
[-ed, -ing.] Tocoverwith,
or put in, a case.

ase'hard-.en,

siastical garment, worn under the

surplice or gown.

warts.]

predicament.

CATALOGUE

59

ticular instance.
6. A question for
discussion or decision. 7. Form of a
noun, showing its relation to other

son

GAste

n.

An abandoned

per-

chaste.]
of society, as in India.
GAs'TEL-LAN, n. [Lat.
from castellum, castle.]

n.

casco, skull, helmet,

close wooden

[Sp.

cask, Fr. casque.]

vessel for liquors.

n. [Dim. of cask.]
chest or box, for jewels.

^mall

n. [See Cask, .] A helmet.

Gas'sa-dA, n. Same as Cassava.
Gas-sA'tion, n. [L. Lat. cassatio, fr.
cassare, to annul.
Act of annulling.
Gas'SA-vA, n. [Haytian Icasabi.] A

GAsque,

plant from which tapioca is obtained.

Gas'SE-PA / PER, n. [Fr. papier casse.]
Broken paper two outside quires of
;

a ream.

dXs'SlA

(kash/'i), n.

[Heb. qes'ah.

fr.

qasa\ to cut or peel off.] The cheaper kindsof cinnamon.

n. [Perh. of the same
thin, twilled,
origin as cashmere.]
woolen cloth.
Gas-SI'no, n. [It. casino, a small
house.] A game at cards, generally
played by four persons.
GAs'SOCK, n. [Fr. casaque, from Lat.
close fitting ecclecasa, cottage.]

Gas'SI-MERE,

OR,

of fine, hird, white, or mottled soap.

n. 1. Act of one who casts.
That which is cast in a mold.
GAst'ing-net, n. A net which is
cast and drawn.
GAst'ing-vote, n. Vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly are equally divided.
Gas'tle (kas'l), n. [Lat. castellum,
dim. of castrum, a fortified place.] A
a fortress.
fortified residence
v. t.
In chess, to cover with a castle;
said of the king.
Castle in the air, a visionary project.

GAst'ing,
2.

Gask'et,

do,wolf,too, TOOK;

fJRN,

v.

camp] Art

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

To deprive of the

castrare.]
to geld.

[Lat.
testicles;

Ga^'u-al

[Lat. casu(kazh/ij-al), a.
from casus, fall, accident, from
cadtre, to fall.] 1. Happening without design, and without being foreseen. 2. Coming without regularity.
alis,

Accidental; fortuitous; inciSyn.

Casual and fortudental; occasional.
itous are substantially the same; a thing
planned or
is accidental when not
sought, as a meeting ; incidental when it
falls in as secondary, or out of the regular course of things, as a remark; occasional when it occurs only now and then.

By
(k&zh'u-), adv.
accidentally.
(kazh'u-),?!. 1. An ac2.
An accidental injury

Gas/u-al-ly
chance

Gas/u-al-ty
cident.

resolves cases of conscience.

castellanus,

CASK,

Gas'trate,

[Lat. cas-

n.

tra metari, to measure a

of laj ing out a camp.

[From Lat. castus, pure, Gas'u-ist (kazh'u-ist), n. [Lat. casus,

separate and fixed class
fall, case.]
One who studies and

(6), n.

[-ED; -ING.] To turn into cash to

A governor
[longing to a castle.
exchange for money.
of a castle.
Gash'-book (27), n. A book in which Gas'tel-la-ny (44), n. Lordship beis kept an account of money received
Gas'tel-la'ted, a. Adorned with
or paid.
turrets and battlements, like a castle.
a-shew' (ka-shob'), n. [A corrupt. GAst'er, n. 1. One who casts. 2.
of acajou, the Fr. form of the native
A stand to contain phials with conname, acajaiba.] A tropical tree of
3. A small wheel on a
diments.
the same family with the sumac.
swivel, on which furniture is rolled.
Gash-ier', n. One who has charge of Gas'ti-gate,?>. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
rastigare, fr. castus, pure, chaste, and
money in a bank, &c.
v. t. [-ed
-ING.] [Lat. cassare, equiv. to casagere, to move, drive.] To punish
sum reddere, to annul.] To dismiss
by stripes to chastise.
from an office or place of trust, by GXs'Tl-GA'TION, n. Punishment by
[gales or corrects.
annulling the commission of
whippiug.
Gash 'me RE, n. A rich and costly Gas'ti-ga'tor, n One who castiGAs'Tl-GA-TO-RY(50),a. Tending to
kind of shawl.
Gas'ing, n. 1. Act of covering with
correction punitive.
Castile,
[From
a thin substance. 2. An outside Gas'tile SOAP.
covering.
whence it originally came.] A kind
;

Gas'TRA-me-ta'tion,

hence, de-ath; misfortune.

a reprobate.

having formerly been called Agnia

castus.]
The mild cathartic oil of
a plant found in the West Indies.

GAS'u-isT're,
\a. Relating to cases
Gas'u-'ist'I-al, )
of conscience.
Ga^'u-ist-ry, 11. Science of determining the right or wrong of acts

and opinions of doubtful propriety

Gat,

W.cath, Late Lat.

n.
[A.-S. cat,
catus, Ar. qitt.] 1.

mestic animal.

2.

double tripod.

GAT'A-CHRE'SIS,

misuse.]

A well-known doA kind of ship. 3.

4. A kind of whip
[Gr. /caTaxprjo-ts

n.

harsh or far-fetched

metaphor.

Gat'a-chres'tic,
Gat'a-ghres'tkj-ae.
GAT'A-CLYSM, n. [Gr.

Forced;

a.

far-fetched.

jcaTa/cAvtr^tos,

to inundate.]
A
a flood an inundation.
[Gr. koltol,
(-kom). n.

from KaTaKA.veiv,
deluge

Gat'a-comb

A
/cvp|3i?, cavity.]
cave, or subterraneous place for the
burial of the dead.
Gat'a-COUS'tics, n. sing. [Gr. Kara,
That
against, and Eng. acoustics.]
part of acoustics which teeats of redownward, and

flected sounds.

Gat

a-dI-6p'trI,
)a. [Gr. koto.,
Gat'A-DI-OP'TRIC-AL, ) against, and
/

SConrpa, a geometrical instrument.]

Pertaining to the reflection and refraction of light.
Gat'a-falque', ii. [0. Sp. catar, to
see, to view, and It. falco, for palco,
scaffold , stage ]
A tern porary structure, use in funeral solemnities.
.

GAT'A-LEG'TIG,

a. [Gr. /caTaArj/CTiKOs,

Gas'tle-build'er (kSs'l-), n. One

Wantfr. KaraXriyeiv, to leave off.]
who builds castles in the air.
ing a syllable at the end.
Gas'TOR, n. [Gr. Kaorcop, akin to Skr. Gat'A-LEP'SY, n. [Gr. /caToArji/u?, r,
kastSin, musk.] 1. A genus of animals, in which the beaver is included.
2. A hat, esp. one made of the fur of
the beaver. 3. A heavy quality of
broadcloth.
4. [See Caster.]
A
small wheel for supporting furniture.
GAs'TOR-OIL, n.
[A corruption of
Castus-o\l, the plant producing it

RUE, PULL

E,

I,

o, silent

grasping.] Sudden suspension of the

action of the senses and of volition.

GXt'a-lep'tk:,

Pertaining

a.

to

catalepsv.

GAT'A-LOGUE
Ao-yos,

and

from

[Gr

(-log), n.

Kara.,

meration of names,

q,G,soJl;,G,hard' As; EXLST

Kard-

down, completely,

\eyeiv, to say.]

list

titles,

as

or enu-

or articles.

NG

THIS

;
,

CATAMARAN

v.

To make a

t.

^iT'A-MA-KAPf',

CAUCASIAN

60

Catalogue raisonnt (riV zo-n&f) (Bibliography), a catalogue of books classed according to their subjects.

To instruct A-THAR'TI,
2. To GA-THAR'TI-AL,
by questions and answers.

and^x e ''. tosound> ]

question.

[chises.

[Gr.

a.

KaBaprv-

kos, fr. KaOapos,

J
Cleansing the bowels pur-

pure.]

GXt'e-chis/ER,

list of.

One who

ti.

cate-

gative,

[cine.

GXt'e-HIsm, n. A system of in- Ga-thar'tic, n. A purgative medistruction by means of questions and CXt'-iiead, n.
A projecting timber
through which the ropes pass by
answers.
which a ship's anchor is raised.
The month- CXt'e-cihst, n. One who catechises.
la.
Pertaining Cath'e-dra, or CA-THE'DRA,',l,
CXt/e-ciiist'ic,
KaTajiMjvios, Gat'e-cihst'ic-al,
to a catechist
[Gr. KaOeSpa, seat.]
A chair scab

[Catha-nidran,
floating trees, the native name in
Ceylon.JA raft moved by a large sail.
n.

ClT* a-me' ni-A ,n.

ly

[Gr.]

courses of females.

ATA-ME'N[-AL,

[Gr.

a.

Pertaining to menstrual

monthly.]

CXt'a-mount,
tain.]

[Cat of the

moun-

The North American

tiger;

n.

the cougar, or puma.

CXt'A-PHRAT,

n. [Gr. KaracjipaKTry;
Kara, down, quite, Jind <f)pdaa-eiv,
to inclose.] Heavy, defensive armor,
anciently used by horsemen.
GXT'A-PLAR_M, n.
[Gr. Kard-nXao-p-a,
fr. Kara, down, quite, and irAao-o-eii/,
A poultice.
to form, mold.]
CXt'a-pOlt, n. [Lat. catapulta, Gr.
fr.

An

ancient engine
KaTa7reArr)s.]
used for throwing stones, arrows, &c.
GXt'A-RACT, n. [Gr. KarapaKTij?, fr.
Kara, down, and pr\yvvvai, to break.]
great cascade or waterfall. 2.
1.
Opacity of the crystalline lens, or of

its

capsule.

of a person in authority.

or to catechism.

At'e-HU,

discharges.

A brown,

astringent,
vegetable extract, from ] ndia.
AT'E-IIU'MEN,.
[Gr. Karvxovp.evo<;, instructed, fr. Karnx^lv, to instruct.]
One who is receiving instruction in the elements of Christianity.
n.

at'E-GOR'I-AL,

a.

to a category.
express.
tive

2.

1.

Pertaining

Absolute; posi-

at'e-&6r'I-al-ly, adv.

Abso-

expressly.
W.
[Gr. Karnyopia, from Kara, down, against, and
ayopevetv, to harangue, assert.] 1.
One of the highest classes to which
the objects of knowledge or thought
can be reduced, as quantity, quality,
condition.
relation, &c.
2. State

lutely

directly

GXT'E GO-RY

"(CO),

a-tarrh'

Syn. Predicament. Category

(-tar 7 ), n.

[Gr. *carappoo?,
from Kara, down, and petv. to flow.]
Inflammation of the air passages, at-

predicament arc both popularly used to

tended with a discharge of a watery

or glairy fluid.
Ga-tarrii'al,
a. Pertaining to, or
Ga-tarrh'ous, attending, catarrh.

ment supposes it to be a bad or unfortunate one. Hence to say, "I am in the

same category with you," is not of necessity to say, " I am in the same pre-

CA-TAS'TRO-PHE,n.

[Gr. Karao-rpoKara, down, and arpe^eiv, to

1.
A final event, usually
turn.]
2. The unfolding and
calamitous.
winding up of the plot of a play.
at'-ALL, n. A squeaking instru4>r),

fr.

ment, used to condemn plays.

CAtch, v.

t.

[imp.

&

p. p.

CAUGHT.]

[0. Eng. cacche. peril, akin to A.-S.

reac, fetter, or from Lat. captiare, fr.
capere, to take.]
1. To seize, especially with the hand.
2. To ensnare.

and

express the idea of condition or situation,

but with this difference, that predica-

dicament."

Cathe'dral,
church in a

n.
The principal
diocese.
1. Pera.

head church of a

taining to the
diocese.

2. Official

CATH'E-TER,

n.

thing put in, from

men t

Gat'e-na-ry

(44),

a.

[Lat.

cate-

narius; catena,

Relating to, or like, a chain.

-ING.] [Lat.
fr. catena, chain.]
To connect by links.
[a.? in a chain.
Gat'E-na'tion, n. Union of parts,
a'ter, f. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
captare, to strive, to lay hold of, intens. form of capere. to take.]
To
provide food to purvey, [provider.
chain.]

AT'E-NATE,fJ. [-ED:
catenate,

passed.

Gatii'o-li(123),

a.
[Gr. KaOoXwos,
KaQokos, whole.] 1. Universal or
general. 2. Liberal.
3. Pertaining
to the Roman Catholics.
A
n.
member of the Roman Catholic
fr.

church.

a-THOL'J-C*sm,

n.

The

1.

faith of

the whole Christian church.

Roman

2.

The

3. Liberality

Catholic faith.
of sentiment.

CATH^o-l/ic'i-TY, n.
1. System of
doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church. 2. Doctrines of the church of Rome.
3.
Liberality of sentiments.

tholic or

v.

Roman

i.

To become

ca-

Catholic.

n.
A
for all diseases ;

a-thol'i-ON,
remedy

a panacea.

GXt'kin,

n.
[Dim. of
cat,
from its resemblance to a cat's tail.]
A kind of inflorescence,

consisting

ping

of

Catkin

overlap-

scales.

Cat'mYnt,
a GXt'nIp,

down, and

tubular instru

draw off the urine.

at'-iiole,. A small hole astern,
through which a hawser may be
to

Ga-th6l'i-cize,

GXt'e-na'ri-an,

Kara.,

vevai, to send.]

a-uthoritative.
[Gr. KaOerrjp, a
;

well-known plant,
having a strong scent
)
so called because cats have a peculI

n.

n.
One who caters;
GX'TER-ESS, n. A woman who caters.
iar fondness for it. [with nine lashes.
Gat'er-pil'LAR, n. [0. Eng. raterA whip
piller, prob. fr. rate, rates, food, and at'-o'-nine'-tails, n.
a.
[Gr. Karonrpi0. Eng. piller, plunderer, because it Ga-TOP'TRIC,
/cos, fr. Karonrpov
eats up leaves and fruits.] The jarve CA-TOP'TRl-AL,
mirror.] Relating to catoptrics.
or larval state of a butterfly or any
-Ga-top'trics, n. sing. That part of
tences.
lepidopterous insect.
optics which explains the properties
GXtch'pen-ny, n. Something worth- Gat'er-WAUL, v. i. [From rat and
and phenomena of reflected light.
less, intended to gain money.
waul, to cry as a cat.]
To cry as
Cat's'-paw, n. A dupe the tool of
Gatch'poll, n.
[From catch and
cats in rutting time.

To take by sympathy, contagion,

or infection.
1. To be held
v. i.
or impeded.
2. To spread by in//.
fecting.
1. Act of seizing;
seizure.
2. That which is caught.
3. A humorous round, in which the
singers catch up each other's sen-

3.

a'ter-er,

poll, the head.]

bailiff's assistant.

Gatch'UP,

In. [Chin, kitjap.} Sauce

GXt'sup,

made from mushrooms,

tomatoes, &c.

GXtch'-word

(-wfird), n.

1.

Last

Gates,

n. pi.

purchase.]

[0. Fr. arat, buying,

delica-

Luxurious food

dainties.
Cat'-fish, n. 1.
cies

A large and voracious fish of the shark kind. 2. A

from

of the
of the
cat to draw roasting chestnuts out
Ketchup.
of the fire.
[
Same as Catchup, or
Gat'sup, n.

another;

the

fable

monkey who used the paws

Cat'TLE, n. pi. [Lat. capitalis, chief,

word of an actor; cue.
fresh-water fish of different species.
2. First
because in early ages beasts were tho
word of every page of a book put at CXt'gut, n. 1. A cord made from
chief part of a man 's property .] Dothe right-hand bottom corner of the
2. A
the intestines of animals.
mestic quadrupeds collectively, esp.
preceding page to assist the reader.
coarse sort of linen or canvas.
those of the bovine genus.
GXT'E-CHET'IC,
a.
[Gr. Karn- GXth'A-RIST, n. [Gr. KaOapog, clean,
An exhibition
Cat'e-CHET'IC-AL,
pure.]
One who pretends to be Cat'tle-show, n.
xyrn?, an in)

structor.] Consisting in asking questions and receiving answers.

at'e-hTe,v. (.[-ed; -ing-.] [Gr.
KanqxC^eiv, from Kara, down against,
,

I, E,

I,

5, u, y, long; X, E,

jf,

purer than others.

Gat'-harp-in,
at'-harp-ing,
the lower masts.

6, 0, Y short;

n. A rope to brace
in the shrouds of

of domestic animals for prizes, &c.

CA'SIAN, n.
Any one belonging
to the Tndo-European race, or the
race originating near Mt. Caucasus.

Gau

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, what; ere, veil, tbm; pique, fIrm; s6n,

;.

CAUCUS

CELLULAR

61

Ga.U'US, n. [A corrupt, of calkers, alluding to an association of calkers in

Boston, Mass., in the time of the
American lie volution.] A preparatory meeting for political purposes.
Gau'dal, a. [Lat. cauda, tail.] Pertaining to a tail.
CaU'date,
la. Having a tail, or
Cau'dA-ted,
tail-like appendage.
)

Gau'dle, n. [Lat. calidus, warm.] A

kind of warm drink for sick persons.
GAUF, n. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water.
n.
A gang or drove of captured negroes.
[ Catch
Caught (kawt), imp.
p. p. of
Caul, n. [Prob. a modif. of cowl.] 1.
A membrane covering the lower intestines.
2. A part of the membrane
enveloping the fetus.

Gau'fle,

&

gard to danger

wariness.
hortation to wariness.
forecast

Ex-

2.

Syn. Forethought

pru-

dence; vigilance; circumspection.

To give no[-ED -ING.]

danger to to warn.
a.
1. Contain(44),
ing caution. 2. Given aS a pledge.
Gau'tious, a. Prudent watchful.
v.

t.

tice of

Gau'tion-a-ry

Wary

man
circumspect.
is cautious chiefly as the result of timidity; one may be wary, i. e., watchful in
a high degree against danger, and yet
bold and active; a circumspect man looks
Syn.

around him

to

weigh and

deliberate.

Cease'less,

Without cessation
a.
C/E'DAR, n. [Gr *ee'8pos.] An evergreen tree of different species.
Cede,v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [Lat. cedere.]
;

then below
ciation of
is

Watchfulness

To yield or surrender to give up.

Ce-dil'la, n. [It. zediglia, dim. of
zeta, Gr. name of z, which letter
was formerly written after c, and
the letter

With caution.

Cau'tious-ly, adv.
Gau'tioOs-ness, n.

draw.] 1. To come to an end. 2. T^

be wanting.
Syn.
To desist; forbear; fail.
- v. t. To put a stop to. [incessant.

to be

it,

pronun-

to give it the

A mark placed under

s.]

[thus, p], to

sounded

like

show that

it

s.

Ce'drine, a. Belonging to cedar.

Ceil, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L. Lat.

provident care.

CXv'AL-eADE'', n. [Lat. caballus, Gr.

celare, to cover, arch, Lat. caelum,
A proKa/SaAArjs, an inferior horse.]
heaven, vault, arch.] To overlay or
Gau-les'cent, a. [Lat. caulis, stalk,
cession of persons on horseback.
cover the inner roof of.
stem.] Having a perfect stem.
GXv'a-lier', n. [See Cavalcade.] Ceil'ING, n. Upper, interior surface
Gau-lIf'ER-OUS, a.
[Lat.
caulis,
1. A horseman; a knight.
2. One
of an apartment, opposite the floor.
stalk, and ferre, to bear.] Caulescent.
of the leaders of the court party in Cel'an-DINE n. A genus of plants
1.
au'li-flow'er, n.
[Lat. caulis,
a.
the time, of King Charles I.
belonging to the poppy famil^
colis, stalk,
stem, cabbage, and
Gay; sprightly. 2. Brave; warlike. Cel'e-brate, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]

flower.]

CA.US/AL,

a.

causes.

variety of cabbage.
Relating to a cause or
[cause.

3. Haughty
disdainful.
GXv'A-lier'ly, adv. In a haughty
;

manner.

[horseback.
Troops that serve on

au-al'i-ty. n.
The agency of a GXv'al-RY, n.
X r'A- TPNA ,n. [It. ] Mus )
Gau-a'tion, n. Act of causing.
1.
CAUg'A-TlVE, a.
Expressing a
of one movement, with little
(

cause or reason.
cause or agent.

Gaue

2. Effecting,

as a

causa.]

[Lat.

1.

tion or controversy.
Agency motive inducement.
S tk.

An air
repeti-

tion of the words.

Gave n. [Lat. cavus, hollow, cavea,
cavity.] A hollow place in the earth
[-ED ; -ING.] To
a den.
v. t.
v.i. 1. To dwell in
make hollow.
2.
To
a cave.
fall and leave a hollow.
Ea've-at, n. [Lat., let him beware.]
1. A notice to some officer not to do
a certain act until the party is heard
in opposition. 2. A description of
some invention, lodged in the patentoffice before the patent right is taken
out, operating as a bar to other applications respecting the same invention.
3. Warning.
[and pressed.
GXv'EN-DlSH, n. Tobacco softened
GXv'ERN, n. [Lat. caverna, fr. cavus,
hollow.] A large cave.
[hollow.
Gav'ern-ous, a. Full of caverns
,

(kawz), n.

That which produces a result, or is

the occasion of an action. 2. A legal
process; case. 8. One side of a ques-

v.

[-ED; -ing.] To effect by

agency, power, or influence produce.
Gaue'less, a. 1. Uncaused or unt.

2. Without just cause,

created.
reason, or motive.
Gaus/er, n. One who causes.
Caus_e'way, ) n.
[L. Lat. calceata,
CAU'gEY,
calciata, via calciata,
J
fr. Lat. calceare, calciare, to pave with
limestone.]
raised way over wet

or marshy ground.

CAUS'Tre,
a.
[Gr. /cavern/cos, fr. Ga-VIARE' (ka-veer'), \ n. [Turk, haviar ] Roes of
CAUS'TI-AL, J
/caieiv, to burn.]
1. GXv'I-ar (kav'e-ar),
2.
certain large fish, prepared and salted.
Burning
corrosive.
Severe
GXVIL, v. i. [-ED, -ING; or -LED,
satirical
sharp.
-LING, 137.] [Lat cavillari, fr. caGa.US'TI, n. Any substance which,
vil'a, bantering jests.]
To raise capapplied to animal substances, burns
n.
or def-troys the texture.
tious and frivolous objections.
Caus-tIc'i-ty, n. 1. Property which
A frivolous objection.
characterizes caustic bodies. 2. Se- Gav'IL-er, In. A captious dispuGXV'il-ler,
tant.
sarcasm.
[Hollowness.
verity of language
1

[Lat. celebrare, celebratus; celeber, fa1. To mention with praise.

mous.]
2.

To honor by appropriate ceremo-

nies

to solemnize.

Syn. To praise
rate.

commemo; we

extol
Extol is stronger
than praise
;

commemorate events which we desire to

cherish in affectionate remembrance by
appropriate rites, as the death of our Savior; we celebrate by demonstrations of
Sublic joy, processions, &c, as the birth-

ay of our independence.

Cel'e-bra/ted, a. Having celebrity.

Syn.

Distinguished

nowned;

famous

re-

illustrious.

Cel'e-bra'tion,

Act of

n.

cele[brates.
who cele-

brating,

Cel'e-bra'tor, n.
Ce-leb'ri-ty, n.

1.

being celebrated.

2.

One

Condition of
person of

distinction.

Syn. Renown; honor; repute; fame.

Ce-LER'I-TY, n. [Lat. celeritas, from

Rapidity of motion.

celer, swift.]

Syn.
Swiftness
quickness.

Cel'ER-Y,m.

speed

velocity

[Gr. <re\ivov.]

plant

of the parsley family.

Ce-les'TIAL

(-lest/yal), a.

Itstis, cselestis,

[Lat. cae-

from caelum, cselum,

n.
An inheaven.]
Heavenly.
habitant of heaven.
Ce'LI-A>, a. [Gr. KoiAiajcos, fr. KOikia,
belly.]
Pertaining to the belly.
CE-LtB'A-CY, or CEL'I-BA-CY n.
,

[Lat. caslibatus,

from

caslebs,

unmar-

Gau'ter, n. A hot, searing iron.

CXVl-TY, n. 1 A hollow place. 2.
ried.]
Bachelorship.
[bachelor.
CAU'TER-IgM, n. Application of caus- Gaw, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [From the Cel'i-bate, n. 1. Celibacy. 2. A
sound.] To cry like a crow, or raven. Cell, n. [Lat. cella, akin to celare,
tics; cautery.
The noise made by the crow
n.
Gau'ter-i-za'tion, n. A burning or
to conceal.] 1. A very small and
;

searing some morbid part by the apor raven.

2. Any small,
close apartment.
Gay-ENNE' PEP' per. [From Cayplication^ fire.
closed cavity a minute sac.
fcAU'TER-IZE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
enne, in South America.] A very Cel'lar, n. [Lat. cellarium, a panpungent red pepper.
burn or sear with fire or a hot iron,
try.] A room under a building.
Gay'MAN (150), n. An alligator.
as morbid flesh.
Cel'lar-age, n, 1. Excavation for a
Cad'ter-y, n. [See Cauter.] A Ga-ZIQUE' (ka-zeek'), n. [From the
cellar
a cellar, or a series of cellars.
language of Hayti ] A chief among
burning, as of morbid flesh, by a
2. Charge for storage in a cellar.
some tribes of Indians.
hot iron, or by caustic medicines.
CELL'U-LAR, a. [Lat. cellula, a little
CAU'TION, n. [Lat. cautio, fr. cavere, Cease, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Lat. ces~
cell.]
Consisting of, or containing,
sare, intens. form of cedere, to withto take care.] 1. Prudence in recells.
;

6R,DQ,WQLF,TOb,TO*bK: URN RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

C, G, soft;

,&,hard; AS; EJIST

NasNG; this

CELLULE
(,

n.
A small cell.
n. [Eng. cellulose, and
Gr. etSo9, form.] A compound in
imitation of coral, ivory, tortoise-

ell'u-loid,

shell,

etc.

made

from

chiefly

gun-cotton and camphor.

Qell'u-lo^'

n.
One of the substances constituting the cellular tissue of plants.
,

ELT,

n.
[W. Celtiad, Celt, from celt,
One of an ancient
covert, shelter.]

race of people,

who

CERTAINTY

02

CEll'ULE,

inhabited Central

per, or of copper

and

nickel,

worth

tue luutn part of a dollar.

CJENT'AGE, n.
IfiN'TAUR, n.

Kate by the hundred.

[Gr. Kevravpos, orig. a

herdsman.]

fabulous being, ualf

man and half horse.

Qen'te-na'ri-an, n.
[See Cent.]
A person'a hundred years old.
C^N'TE-NA-RY (44), n. A hundred;
a century.
a. 1. Relating to a hun2. Occurring once in a hundred.

dred years.

and Western Europe, and from whom C:en-ten'ni-al, a. 1. Belonging to

the hundredth anniversary. 2. Hapare descended the Irish, Welsh, &c.
pening once in a hundred jcars.
Pertaining to the Celts,
a.
n. The lan- Cen'ter,
n.
[Lat. centrum, Gr.
or to their language.

C/eltTG,

guage of the
C;em'ent, or
[Lat.

("EN'TRE,

Celts.

CJe-ment' (115), n.
cxmentum, chips of marble,

from which mortar was made.]

1.

Any adhesive substance used to unite

bodies. 2. Bond of union.
-ING.]
CJe-ment', v. t. [-ED
To unite by the use of cement.
;

1.

Kevrpov,

Kevjelv, to

fr.

prick.]
1. Exact middle point of
2. Middle portion
the
midst.
[-ed; -ing.] 1. To
v.i.
be placed in a center. 2. To be collected to a point.
v. t. 1. To place
on a center. 2. To collect to a point.

any thing.

Cen'ter-eIt.
Qen'tre-bit,

2.
n An instrument for
boring holes.
v. i.
To unite firmly and closely.
(,e\'TEr-1ng,
To iinite and cohere.
n. Temporary frarnC/EM'en-ta'tion, n. 1. Act of ce- (^EN'trinu,
ing on which any
vaulted work U constructed.
menting. 2. The process by which
iron is turned into steel, glass into C;en-tes'I-mal, a. Hundredth by
porcelain, &c
the hundred.
n.
A hundredth

(
I

C/EiVl'E-TfiR'Y, n.

[Gr. KocfivTrtptov,

fr. Koi/xav, to sleep.]

A grave-yard.
<^en'o-b"ite, n. [Gr. koh^os, common,
and /3io5, life.] One of a religious
order, dwelling in a convent.
Cen'o-bit'ig,
a. Living in comJ

A
is

Centime

munity, as monks

(^EN'O-TAPH, n. [Gr. Kcvora^iov,

Kepos, empty, and ra<os, tomb.]
monument erected to one who
buried elsewhere.
<2ense,i>. i. [-ed

from

fr.

[Abbrev.

-ING.]

odors from burning substances.

n.
A pan in which incense

Qens'er,
is

(song'teem'), n. [Fr.]

The

burned.

QEN'ti-ped

C;EN'TU-PL,E, a. [Lat. centuphx, fr

centum, nundred, and plic.are, to
fold.] lluudred-fold.
v.i.
[-ED
io increase a hundred-foid
-ING.J
(;en-TU'ri-al, a. Relating to a cen;

tury.

^en-tu'ri-on,

(Roman

[Lat.

v.
Antic/.)

centurio.]

military officer

over a hundred foot-soidiers.

CJENT'U-RY, n. [Lat. cenluria, fr. centum, hundred.] 1. A hundred. 2,

A period of a hundred jears.
CjE-PHAL'IG, a. [Gr. Ke<j)aAiK6s,from
head.]
Pertaining to the
head.
n. A medicine for a disorder
in the head.
f;EPH'A-LO-POD', or C^E-PHAL'OPOD, n.
[Gr. *ce<J>aATj, head, and
7rou?, 7ro66s, foot.]
A molluscous animal, having a distinct head, surrounded by a circle of long arms.
CJe-ra'ceoCs, a.
[Lat. cera, wax.]
Of the nature of wax.
/ce<aA7,

(pE-RXM'lG,

[Gr. Kepa/xiKos,

a.

from

Pertaining
[oil, &c.
An ointment of wax,
CE'RA-TED,a. Covered with wax.
yERE, n. [Lat. rem, wax.] Naked
wax-like skin covering the base of
the bill in some birds.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] To wax, or cover with wax.
(pE'RE-AL (89), a. [Pertaining to Ceres, or to grain.]
Pertaining to ediicepap.os,

earthenware.]

to pottery.
Ce'rate, n.

ble grain.

n.

Any

edible grain.

CER'E-BEL'LUM,n.

[L.,

brain.] Hinder
er division of the brain.

\cerebrum,

dim. of

and low-

C^ER'E-BRAL, a. Pertaining
cerebrum, or brain.

to the

Cer'E-brum,

100th part of a franc.

To perfume with

incense.]

part.

C^en'ti-fo'li-oGs, a. [Lat. centifolius,1ir. centum, hundred, and folium, leaf.] Having a hundred leaves.
C^EN'TI-GRADE, a. [Lat. centwn } hundred, and gradus, degree.] Divided
into a hundred degrees, as a thermometer between the freezing point
and the boiling point of water.

CJen'O-bjt'ic-AE,

(165), n. [Lat. centipeda,

centum, hundred, and joes, pedis,

foot.]
A species of land articulates,
having a great number of feet.
f^EN'TO, n. ; pi. CEN'TOg. [Lat.] A
composition formed by passages from
fr.

Superior
n.
[Lat.]
and larger division of the brain.
Cere'gloth, 1 n. [Lat. cera, wax.]
(JERE'MENT, ) A cloth dipped in
melted wax, used for embalming.
C^ER'E-MO'NI-AL, a. Relating to cersystem of rules
emony ritual. n.
'

A
[Lat., from censere, to
n.
different authors.
and ceremonies.
One empowered to
examine manuscripts and books, be- C^en'tral, a. Relating to, placed in, (^ER'E-MO'NI-OUS, a. 1. According
2.
2. A harsh critic.
fore publication.
or containing, the center.
to prescribed rules and forms.
Precise
formal.
^en-so'ri-al (89), a. Belonging to C/EN-tral'I-ty, n. State of being
QER/E-mo'ni-oOs-ly, adv. In a cercentral.
[tralizing.
a censor.
C;en-so'ri-ous (89), a. 1. Apt to CEN'TRAL-I-ZA'TION, n. Actofcenemonious manner.
blame or condemn. 2. Implying or <Pen'tral-Tze, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To CJr'e-mo-ny (50), n. [Lat. cxrimonia.] 1. External form in religion.
expressing censure.
draw to a central point.
[manner.
C!en-so'ri-ous-ly, adv. In a cen- Cn'tral-ly, adv.
2. Forms of civility.
In a central
)a. Pertaining
[being censorious. Cen'tre (sender), n. See Center. Ce'RO-graph'ig,
sorious manner.
to cerograCJen-so'ri-ous-ness, n. Quality of CEN'TRIG,
a.
Placed in the VE'RO-GRAPH'IG-AE, J
Cen'sor-ship, n. Office of a censor. Cen'TRIG-AL, J center; central.
phyen'sur-A-ble (sen'shur-), a. Wor- Qen'TRIG-AL-LY, adv. In a central e-rog'ra-phy, n. [Gr. /ojpos, wax,
thy of censure blamable.
position.
and ypdfciv, to write.] Engraving
[being centric.
pEN'sUR-A-BLY, adv. In a censura- Cen-trI^'i-TY {-tris'-), n. State of
on wax, from which a stereotype
ble manner.
platejs taken.
Qen-TRIF'U-gal, a. [Lat. centrum,
Qen'sure (sen'shur), n. [Lat. sensu[Sp. seron, augmentacenter, andfugere, to flee.] Tending CJe-roon', n.
ra.] Act of blaming or finding fault
A bale
tive of sera, a large basket.]
to recede from the center.
blame reproof.
v. t. [-ed -ing.] CJEN-TRIP'E-TAL, a.
or package of skins.
[Lat. centrum,
To find fault with and condemn.
center, and petere, to move toward.] QER'TAIN, a. [Lat. certus, orig. p. p.oi?
cernere, to perceive, decide.] 1. HavTending toward the center.
Stn. To blame; reprove; condemn;
reprehend; reprimand.
CEN-TUJiFVIR, n.; pi. CEN-TtJM'ing no doubts. 2. Not to be doubted
C^EN'SUS, n. [Lat. See Censor.] An
vi-ri. [Lat., fr. centum, hundred,
or denied. 3. Fixed or stated. 4 Inofficial enumeration of the people,
determinate one or some.
and vir, man.] (Rom. Antiq.) A

Qen'sor,

value, to tax.] 1.

\_

registration of the value of their estates,

CENT,
dred.

a,E,

I,

&c.
n.
2.

judge appointed to decide

causes

[Lat. centum.]

An American

1.

A hun-

coin of cop-

o,U, Y.long; X, E,

I,

o,

fr,

among

common

the people.
C;en-tum'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to
a centumvir.

f, short;

Syn. Sure

indubitaundeniable
undoubting.

ble; indisputable;

CR'TAlN-LY, adv.
(^ER'TAlN-TY, n.

cAre, far, ask, all, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

1.

Without failure.
Exemption from

PIQUE, f7rm

s6n.


CERTIFICATE
doubt or

failure.

An

2.

established

fact.

Cer-TiF'i-CATE,

written testimony. 2. A written declaration legally authenticated.

QER-TIF'l-ATE, v. t.
f-ED -TNG.]
n.

1.

[Lat. cert us, certain,

make.]

To

verif,

and

facere, to

n.

Act of

Chaf'fer,

certi[or assures.

To establish as a fact. 2.
certain information of or to.
1.

give

Assurance

n.

(53),

To

Chai/dron,

v.

ridicule.

fying,

taining to
Language
or dialect of the Chaldeans.
[Same as caldron ]
n.
A dry measure for coals, containing,
at London, thirty -six bushels.

[A.-S. ceaf, 0. II. Ger.

(3), n.
1. The husk,
ckeca, pod, husk.]
or light, dry covering of grains and
3.
Worthless matter.
grasses.
2.
Light, idle talk, by way of turning
[-ed; -ING.]
into ridicule.
v. i.
To use light, idle language by way of

certificate.

Cer'ti-fi^er, n. One who certifies,

gjER'TI-FV (14), V. t. [-ED -ING, 142.]

C/er'TI-tude

Chaff

by

QUr'TI-fi-Ca'TION,

CHAMFER
Chaldea. n.

03

To make fun

t.

CHAl/iCE
Gr.

an indurated
Red chalk,
[-ED -ING.]
v.

Chal'lenge,

^a^

__^

To

20), n.

A
of,

calumnia,

Invitation to

1.

a contest of any kind. 2. A claim or

demand made of a right. 3. Excepv. t. [-ED
tion to a juror or voter.
1. To call to a contest of
-ING.]
any kind to defy. 2. To claim as

To rub or

[Lat.

n.
false accusation.]

clayey ocher.

concretion in the hands and feet.

(chawk'y), a. Consisting
or resembling chaik.

from

CHALK'Y

t.

mark with chalk.

Chalk'-stone (chawk'-,

[A.-S. cealc,

n.

lime.

haggle. 2. To telk much or idly.

Chaf'fer-er, n. One who chaffers.
Chaf'finch, n. A bird of the finch

familv, said to delight in chaff.

Qe-ru'le-an (124). a. [Lat. cserule- Chaff'y, a.
1. Containing, resem2.
us.]~ Sky-blue.
bling, or consisting of, chaff.
Ce-rv'men, n. [Lat. cera, wax.]
Light; worthless.
[for coals.
Yellow matter secreted by tne ear.
Chaf'ing-dish, n. A portable grate
QE'RUSE (52), n. [Lat. ctrussa.] 1. C;ha-grin' (sha-gnn'), n. [Fr., from
White lead. 2. Native carbonate of
chagrin, or chagrain, shagreen.] Illlead.
humor peevishness fretfulness.
(^r'VI-AL, a.
[Lat. cervix, neck.]
Syn. Yexation mortification. Vexation springs from a sense of loss, disBelonging to the neck.
appointment, &c.
mortification from
fyfiR'VINE, a. [Lat. eertnnua. fr rwounded pride chagrin may spring
vus, deer.] Pertaining to the deer.
from either, and is not usually so keen
(^E-gA'RE-AN, a. Relating to Caesar.
nor lasting.
[-ed; -ing.] To vex; to
v. t.
Cesarean section, an incision made to
extract a fetus;
said to have been done
mortify.
at the birth of Julius Csesar.
Chain (66), n. [Lat. catena.] 1. A
Ces'pi-tose' (125), a. [Lat. aespes,
series of links connected together. 2.
C'es'pi-tous,
turf.]
GrowThat which confines or secures a
J
ing in tufts turf-like.
3. A series of things conbond.
QES-SA'TlOiV, n. [Lat. cessatio, from
1.
[-ed; -ing.]
nected.
v. t.
cessare, to cease.]
Act of ceasing.
To fasten with, or as with, a chain.
2. To enslave.
Synv Stop rest pause intermis3. To unite.
sion.
cessation is a Chain'-bridge, n.
Stop is generic
A bridge susceasing from action, either temporary or
pended on chains.
final; pause, temporary stopping
rest,
number
of conChain'-gang,
A
n.
stopping for the sake of relief or repose
victs chained together.
intermission, stopping at intervals to recommence.
ChAin'-pump, n. A pump consisting
^ES'siON (seWun), n.
[Lat. cessio,
of an endless chain, carrying disks
from cedere, cessum, to give way.] A
or buckets.
yielding_or surrender, as of property.
Chain'-shot, n. Two
balls connected by a %psg@3S|p
V ess'-pool (26), n. [See Sess-pool.]
A cavity in the earth, to receive the
chain, used to cut
chain-shot,
sediment of drains.
down masts, &c.
C/es'tus, n. [Gr. Keoros.} 1. The Chair (4), n. [Lat. cathedra, Gr. icagirdle of Yenus, on which
64Spa.] 1. A movable seat with a
was represented every thing
2. An official seat
back.
hence,
that could awaken love. 2.
the office itself. 3. A presiding offiA loaded leather covering
cer.
4. A vehicle for one person. 5.
for the hand.
An iron to support the rails on a
Ce-u'rA, n. See Cjesura.
v. t.
[-ED; -ing.] To
railway.
('E-TA'CEAN, n. [Gr. /ojtos,
carry publicly in a chair in triumph.
whale.]
An animal of the Cestus. ChAir'man (150), n. A presiding ofwhale kind.
[whale kind.
ficer.
C/E-TA'CEOUS, a.
Pertaining to tbe CJHAIE (67), n. [Fr. chaise, for chaire.
C'E-TOI/O-GY, n
[Gr. /o)to<t, wnale,
See Chair.]
two-wheeled carand Ao-yos, discourse.] Natural hisriage for two persons.
tory of cetaceous animals
hal-ced'o-ny, or h.Xl'<oe-doCHAFE, v.t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. cal[From Chalcedon, in Asia
NY, n.
efacere, to make warm.]
An uncrystallized translu1. To exMinor.]
cite heat or irritation in by means of
cent variety of quartz.
friction.
2. To irritate
hal-6g'ra-pher,
in.
An ento vex. 3.

[Lat. calix,
especially a com-

n.
;

Lat. calx, limestone.] A soft, earthy

substance, consisting of carbonate o^

A cup

Chalk (chawk),

[-ed; -ing.]
v. i.
[0.
Eng. chaffare ,chepefare ^iv A.-S. c.eapan, to buy to attempt to buy, and
Eng. fare, to go.] 1. To bargain to

certainty.

(chalks),

*rvA.t.]

munion-cup.

of.

due.

3.

To make exception or

objec-

tion to.
I

Chal'lenge-a-ble,

a-

Capable of

being challenged.

[lenges.

One who chal-

Chal'len-ger, n.
QhXl'lis (shaFiy),

fine, twilled,

n.

woolen

Cha-LVB'e-ATE,

[Fr. chaly.}
fabric.

[N. Lat. chalyb-

a.

from Gr. ^aAvv^, still.] Impregnated with some salt of iron.

n.
Any water or liquor into which
eatus,

iron enters.

Chamade (sha/mad'). n.

[Fr.,

from

Beat of a
Lat. clamare, to call.]
drum, or sound of a trumpet, inviting to a parley.

Cham'ber,

n.

[Lat. camara, camera,

vault, arched roof, Gr. xa/aapa.]

1.

An upper room for lodging, privacy,

or study. 2. A hollow, closed space.
3. A place where an assembly meets,
and the assembly itself.-v. i. [-ed
-ING.] 1. To occupy as a chamber
v. t. To shut up,
2. To be wanton,
;

as in a chamber.

A
CHAM'BER-OBN'SEL,
\ n.
Cham'ber-OUN'sel-or,
counselor who gives his opinion in private.
Cham'BER-Lain, n. [Ger. hammer
)

(Lat. camera), and the term, ling.}

An officer having charge of the
private chambers of a nobleman or
monarch. 2. One of the high offi3. A receiver of
cers of a court.
[chamberlain.
public money.
Cham'ber-lain-SHIP, n. Office of a
1.

Cham'ber-maid,

A woman who

has the care of chambers.

Cha-me'le-on,
n. [Gr. x^niaiAe-

fret and wear by rubbing.

graver on
v. i. hal-cog'ra-phist, )
wv, lit. ground
To be excited or heated. 2. To
copper and brass.
lion, from xa/mai,
be fretted and worn by rubbing.
hal-og'ra-phy, n. [Gr. x^A/cos,
on the ground,
n. 1. Heat or irritation excited by
copper, brass, and ypafciv, to write.]
and Ae'cop. lion.]
friction.
2. Agitation of the mind.
Art of engraving on copper or brass.
A lizard-like repChaf'er, n. 1. One who chafes. 2. hal-da'I, a. Pertaining to Chaltile of changeable
Chameleon.
[A.-S. ceafor.] An insect.
dea.
n.
Language of the Chaldehues.
Chaf'er-y, n. A forge in which iron
ans.
ChXm'fer, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
is subjected to a welding heat.
hXl'dee, or hal-dee', a. Percut a groove in. 2. To bevel.
1.

OR, do,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

o, silent

$, G, soft;

,&,hard;

A<\;

EJIST

NasNG; THIS

CHAMOIS

CHARGE

64

f HAM'OIS (sham'my or sham-oi'), n.

[Sp. carnuza, from 0. Ger. gamz.] 1.
A species of antelope. 2. A kind of

2. Appearing different unchange.

der different circumstauces.
Syn. Mutable; variable fickle; in;

constant; unstable; unsteady; unsettled;

soft leather.

CHXP'I-TER,

n. [Late Lat. capitellum.

capilulum, dim. of caput, head.] A

in writing of such matter?
as are to be inquired of or presenteu

summary

wavering; eiratic; volatile.

versatile
before justices.
hXm'o-mile, n. See Camomile.
ChXmp, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. Change'a-ble-ness, n. Quality of ChXp'lain (-lin, 42), n.
being changeable fickleness inconclesiastic who performs
campus, field.] To chew to bite.
;

To

i.

stancy,

bite frequently.

A
(sham-pan'), n.
brisk, sparkling wine, from Champagne, in France.
yHAM-PAiGN' (sham-pan'), n.
[See
Campaign.] A flat, open country.

'Qham-PAGNE'
,

n.

champart,

[0. Fr.

deld-rent; champ, Lat. ca mpus, field,

and part, Lat. pars, share.] Maintenance of a lawsuit, with an agreement to divide the thing in suit in
case of success.

Oham'pi-on, n. [Lat. campus, field.]

One who engages in any contest for
another or for a cause.

v.t.

To furnish with, or

-ING.]

[-ED

to at-

as,

cheoir,. Lat.
cadere, to fall, as dice.] 1. Absence
cause.
2.
An event
recognized
of any
happening without assigned cause.
acciaent
casualty;
Luck
Syn.
hazard fortune opportunity.

[-ED; -ING.] To happen.

i.
Happening by chance casual

v.

a.

fortuitous.
n. [Lat. canrelli, lattices,
cross-bars, inclosing the place.] That
part of a church where the altar is
placed.
Chan'cel-lor, n. A high officer of

OhXn'^EL,

state, or

chancery.

chief judge of a court of

[chancellor.

Chan'cel-lor-shTp,

n.

Change 'A -bly,

Change'FUL,

Office of

a.

manner.

adv. In a changeaFull of change in;

constant.

Change'less,
teration

n.

Not admitting

al-

A strait

or narrow sea. 3. That

through which any thing passes. 4.
A furrow, as in a column. v. t.

2.

[-ED, -ING; or -LED, -LING,

To form a channel or channels

137.]
in.

ori.
[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
cantare, v. intens. of canere, to sing.]
1. To sing; to warble.
2. To sing
n. 1.
after the manner of a chant.
Song; melody. 2. Words recited to
musical tones without musical measure.
Chant'er, n. One who chants.
ChXnt'i-cleer, n. [From chant and
clear.]
A cock, so called from the
clearness of his voice in crowing.
Chant'ry, n. An endowed chapel
where masses for the souls of the
donors are celebrated.
6ha'os (ka'os), n. [Lat. chaos, Gr.
Xaos, from xatWv, to open widely.]
1. Unorganized condition of matter
before the creation of the universe.
disorder.
[confused.
2. Confusion
v.

ec-

service in a
chapel. 2. A clergjman attached to
a ship of war, an army, some public
institution, or a family.

ChXp'laIn-c,:y,

In.

ChXp'laIn-ship,

of

Office

chaplain.

ChXp'LET,

constant.

w.
1. A child left or
taken in the place of another, as by
2. One apt to change.
fairies.
Chang'er, n. One who changes.
Chan'nel, n. [A different spelling of
canal.]
1. Bed of a stream of water.

Chant,

a champion.
CHANGE, n. [Fr., from
tend

[ble

Change'ling,

Flat or open as a coun try

PhXm'per-ty,

v.

An

1.

t.

n.
[Fr. chapelet, dim. of
0. Fr. chapel, garland.] 1.
gar-

land or wreath. 2. A string of beads

used by Roman Catholics in counting
their prayers.

CHXP'MAN,n./

chXp'men.

[A.-S.

ceapman,

fr.

ceapan, to buy.]

One

who buys

or

sells.

pi.

Chaps, n. pi. The jaws. See Chap.

Chap'TER, n. [From Lat. cajritvlvm,
dim. of caput, head.]
1. A divii-ion
of a book or treatise
2. An organized branch of some body. 3. A
decretal epistle.

ChXp'trel,

[From

n.

Capital of a pier or pilaster

an arch.

chapiter.]
re-

which

ceives

Char,
Chare,

) n.
[A.-S. cerr, cyrr, turn,
time, business, fr. cerran,
cirran, to turn.]
Work done by the
day a task. See CHORE. [Eng.]
Char, v.t. [-red; -ring, 136.] [Cf.
Ir. caor, brand, flame, spark of fire.]
To reduce to charcoal.
hXr'A-ter, n. [Gr. x aP aKTiPi fr
Xapdaa-eLv to engrave.] 1. A letter,
2. Sum of distinfigure, or sign.
I

guishing qualities.

3.

upon a person or thing

4.

Estimate put
;

reputation.

person.

hAr/A-ter-Ys'ti,
a. Serving
Chance'-med'LEY, n. [See CHANCE
har'A-ter-Ys'tj-al,
to conand Medley.]
Unpremeditated Gha-ot'ic (44), a. Resembling chaos
peculiar.
stitute the character
ChXp, or Chap, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
killing of another in self-defense.
v.i.
CJh
Xr'ac-ter-Is'tjc,
which
split
to
craci*.
n.
That
To
cleave
to
Chan'cer-y,. [See Chancel.] A
constitutes a character.
To crack or open in long slits. n.
high court of equity
ChXr/ac-ter-is'tic-al-ly,
adv.
cleft
in
the
flesh.
longitudinal
1c
A
QhAn'cre (sh<ai_ik'er, 67,160), n. [Fr.
a manner to dii-tirgvish character.
An Chap (ch5p), n. [From chap, to open
See Canker and Cancer.]

hXr'ac-ter-i-za'tion,
jaw
genern.
Actor
The
longitudinally.]
ulcer, especially a venereal sore.
J

^hXn'crotjs

(shaijk'rus), a.
Like a
ulcerous.
C^HAN'DE-LIER' (shan'-), n.
[Lat.
candela, candle.]
frame with

chancre

n.
[Fr. chandelier, cantallow-chandler.]
dlestick,
1.
A
manufacturer of, or dealer in candles.
2. A dealer in other commodities,
[by a chandler.
Chand'ler-y, n. Commodities sold
Change, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
cambire.]
1. To alter or make dif2.

thing for

To

substitute another

to exchange.
1.
v. i.
altered.
2. To become acid or
tainted.
n.
1. Any variation or
alteration.
2. That which makes a
3*.
variety.
Small pieces of money.

To be

Stn\
Variety ; mutation; transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty ;
revolution. ; reverse.
;

transmutation

Change'a-bYl't-tt,
ness

A, E,

I,

to.

Changeable-

mutability.

Change'a-ble,

a.

[An abbrev. of chapman.]

man or boy a } outh.
;

Chap ar-kajJ ,n.

1

[Sp.]

thicket

of low evergreen oaks.

branches for lights.

Chand'ler,

ferent.

characterizing^

ally in the pi.

ChXp, n

3.

Chape,

[Fr.]
1.
Catch of any
n.
thing, as of a buckle. 2. A plate of
metal at the end of a scabbard.

Chape av

chap-

(shap'o'), n. ; pi.
).
[ Fr. ]
hat
[L. Lat. capella, a short

EAUS( shap'oz'
CHAP'EL,

n.

hence, chapel,
cloak, hood, or cowl
orig., the tent in which St. Martin's
A place of
cowl was preserved.]
;

express the character of.

[Fr.]
A
(sha-radO, n.
composition in which are described
enigmatically the objects expressed
by each syllable of a word, separately, and then by the word as a whole.

Qha-RADE'

ChXr'coal, n.
[See Char,
Coal made by charring wood.

Charge, n.

[Fr.] 1.

v.

t.]

Person or thing

worship usually connected with a

intrusted to one's care or custody.

church or some establishment.

2.

n. Bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel.

Chap'ER-ON (shSp'er-on), n. [Fr.] 1.
A hood or cap. 2. One who attends
a lady in public places as a guide and
To
v. t. [-ED;-ING.]
protector.
attend in public places as a guide
jected.
protector.
and
[

ChXp'el-ry,

Capable of CHAP'-FALLJEN (chop'fawln),

d,V,Y, long; X.,L 6, U,Y,

hXr'A-ter-ize, v. t. [-ed -ing.]

1. To mark with a peculiar stamp.
2. To give an account of the personal
qualities of.
3. To distinguish or

short;

a.

De-

Office

commission.

3.

Earnest

command,

or instruction. 4. Costs
5. Account of that which
is due from one party to another. 6.
Imputation
accusation. 7. Quantity which am apparatus, as a gun,
;

expense.

machine,

&c,

is

h. tended to receive.

Attack, or signal for attack. 9.

(Her.) A bearing or emblem on a
v. t.
[Fr.
[-ED; -ING.]
field.
8.

CARE, FAP *SK, ALL, WHAT; EKE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM s6N

;

CHARGEABLE

count

4.

of.

To accuse

CHECK

65

charger, fr. L. Lat. carricare, fr. Lat.

1. To impose, as a
carrus, wagon.]
2. To
load, task, duty, or trust.
command, request, or exhort earto give innestly or authoritatively
structions to. 3. To place to the ac-

Char'nel, a.
camis,

[Lat. carnalis,

fr.

caro,

Containing the re-

flesh.]

A place under
n.
or near a church, for the bones of
the dead.

and

Char'nel-house,

a.
1.
Capable of
2. Subject to be
charged.
3.
Costly
charged or accused.
[being expensive.
burdensome.
Charge'a-BLE-ness, n. Quality of

leaf of paper.]
1. A sheet of paper
arranged
containing
information
methodically. 2. A map representing
a portion of water and land.
Char-ta'ceous, a. Resembling paper or parchment.

Charge d'affaires

Char'ter,

Charge'a-BLE,
being

(shar'zha'
daf fir'). [Fr. charge, p. p. of charger,
ta charge, and affaire, affair.] An
inferior diplomatic representative at
a foreign court.
Char'ger, n. 1. One who, or that
which, charges. 2. A large dish. 3.
A horse used in battle.
Cha.r'1-ly, adv. In a careful, wary
[chary.
manner.
Quality of being
Char'i-ness, n.
Char'I-OT, n. [Fr. chariot, fr. char,
2.
1. A war car or vehicle.
car.]
four-wheeled pleasure or state car-

having one

seat.
n.
One who drives
chariot.
or conducts a
^
[See Charity.]
ChXr'i-ta-ble, a.

riage,

Char'i-ot-eer',

and good

Full of love
Liberal to the poor.

1.

2.

will.

Quality of
[manner.

n.

being charitable.

ChXr'I-ta-BLY adv. In a

charitable

ChXr'I-TY-(88),

[Lat. caritas, fr.

n.
1. Discants, dear, ccstly, loved]
position to think favorably of others,
and to do them good. 2. Liberality
3. Alms.
4. Any act
to the poor.
of kindness or benevolence.
Syx. Love; benevolence; affection;
tenderness; liberality.

CHARiVARl(sh'd-vee'ya,-Tee f ), n. [Fr.]

A mock

serenade.

QHAR'LA-TAN,

[Sp. charlar, It.

quack
ciarlare, to chatter, prate.]
n.

an empiric.
Char'la-tan-Ism,
Qhar'la-tan-RY,
skill

quackery

CHARLES/s.

n.

Undue
tensions

preto

n.

[Lat.

WAIN

(charlz'ez wan.)
[A.-S. carles -lusen, or ceorles-wsen,
the churl's or farmer's wain.] The
cluster of seven stars, commonly
called the Dipper.
CHARM, n. [Lat. carmen, song, incantation, for casmen, Skr. gasman,
a laudatory song, fr. cans, to praise.]
1. Something possessing, or imagined
to possess, occult power or influence.
v. t.
2. Enchantment; fascination.

from

Syx.

faults or excesses.

To punish;

chasten.

Punish

chastise differ in the object aimed

at.
The former is designed to uphold
law by the infliction of penalty; the latter to prevent the repetition of faults and
reclaim the offender. In a rarer and
somewhat irregular sense, chastise de-

notes to disgrace publicly by stripes.

Chas'tIse-ment, n. Pain inflicted

for punishment and correction.
Chas-ti'er, n. One who chastises.
Chas'TI-ty,

n.

Purity from un-

1.

lawful sexual intercourse. 2. Freefrom corrupt or extravagant

dom

thought.

Cha'U-bl.e, n.
[L. Lat. casubula, a
hooded garment, covering the person
[-ED -ING.]
like a little house; from Lat. casa,
or immunity.
v. t.
2. To
house.] A vestment worn by the
1. To establish by charter.
;

hire or let, as a ship.

Char'ter-par'TY-, n.
[Fr. chartre
partie, or charte partie, a divided
charter, from the practice of cutting
the instrument in two, and giving
one part to each of the contractors.]
A conditional agreement respecting
the hire of a vessel.
Chart'im, n. [Fr. charte, charter.
Cf. Chart.] The principles of a political party in England.
Chart'ist, n.
supporter of chart-

ism.

[Eng.]

[A.-S. cearig ; cear, cearu,

care.] Careful close
cautious.
[-ed
-ing.]
[Lat.
Chase, v. t.
captiare, for captare, to strive to
seize, in tens, form of captre, to take.]
2.
1. To pursue, as game
to hunt.
To urge onward to persecute. 3.
[A contr. of enchase.'] To engrave, as
plate.
n.
1. Hunting, as of an
a.

priest in saying mass.

Chat,

v.i. [-ted; -ting, 133.]

[Cf.

A.-S. civsedan, Goth, gvithan, to

speak. See Chatter.] To talk in
a light and familiar manner.
n.
Light familiar talk.
(sha-tS'), n. ; pi. cha-

Chateau
teaux (sha-toz')
[France.]

2.

LANY.]

[Fr.]

1.

A castle

country-seat.

hXt'el-la-ny,

[See Castel.
Lordship or jurisdiction of
n.

the governor of a castle.

Chat'tel (chat'tl), n. [See Cattle.]

Any kind of property except the
freehold, or things parcel of it.
[-ed -ing.]
[Cf.
v. i.
D. koeteren, to jabber.]
1. To utter
inarticulate and indistinct sounds.
.

ChXt'ter,
2.

To

ber;

talk idly and rapidly to jabto prate.

Sounds like
n.
;

those of a magpie

ChXt'TER-box,

idle talk.

n.

One who

talks

enemy, game, &c. 2. That which is ChXt'TER-ER,

incessantly.
hunted. 3. A private hunting-ground. ChXt'TY, a.
Given to conversation
J

4.

[Lat. capsa, box^case.] An iron

to confine

talkative.

frame used by printers

Chaud'-med'eey

type.

[Fr. chaude rnelle, fr. chaud, hot, and

mesler, meler, to mingle.]
The killing of a person in an affray, while
under the influence of passion.
Chaunt, n.
v.
See Chant.

Chas'er, n. 1. One who chases. 2.

A gun at the head or stern of a vessel for firing when in chase.

ham

(ktizm), n.
[Gr. x^t\-, fr
1.
XaLveiv, to gape, to open wide.]

empiricism.

charta, paper.]
1. An instrument in writing, bestowing rights and privileges an act of
incorporation. 2.
special privilege

ChAr'Y,

ChXr'i-ta-ble-ness,

the
free

5. To Char'ry, a.
[See CHAR.] Pertaining
To rush
to, or like, charcoal.
To make CHART, n.
[Lat. charta, Gr. xapr}S,

pain upon, in any manner, for

purpose of correction. 2. To

inflict

mains of dead men or animals.

of.

load, as a gun, &c. 6.

v.i.
upon; to fall on.
an onset.

deep opening a cleft a fissure.

2. A gap or break.
(^hXs'seur (shaVsur), n.
[Fr., a
huntfeman, fr. chasser, to hunt.] One
of a body of cavalry trained for
rapid movements.
;

Chaste,

(shod'mgd'K-), n.

&

CHAW,t).i.

n.

[-ED;-ING.J

As much

as

is

To chew.
put in the

mouth at once a chew. [Low.]

Cheap, a. [An abbrev. of good cheap,
;

a good bargain

A.-S. ceap, bargain,

1. Of small cost.
2. Being
of small value.
Cheapen (chjp'n), v. t. [-ed -ing.]
[A.-S. ceapan, ceapian, to buy, sell,
;

price.]

a.
[Lat. castus.]
1. Pure
from unlawful sexual intercourse
virtuous. 2. Pure from obscenity,
Goth, kavpon.]
1. To attempt to
from barbarous words, or the like.
buy. 2. To beat down the price of.
Chaste'ly, adv. In a chaste manner. Cheap'jsn-er, n. One who cheapens.
Chas'TJEN (chas'n), v. t. [-ed -ING.] Cheap'ly, arfi). At a low rate.
[Lat. castigare, to punish, fr. castus, Cheap'ness, n.
[-ED -ING.]
Lowness in price.
1. To subdue or con2. To atpure, and agere, to lead, drive.] 1. Cheat, v. t.
trol by occult influence.
[-ed -ing.]
To deTo correct by punishment to chastract irresistibly
to fascinate.
n.
ceive and defraud in anyway.
tise.
2. To purify from errors or
Charm'ER, n. One who charms.
[Prob. an abbrev. of escheat, because
Pleasing in the
faults.
Charm'ING, p. a.
fraudulent measures were often taken
;

highest degree.

Syn. Enchanting

bewitching; cap-

alluring
nating; delightful; pleasurable.
tivating

enrapturing

Charm'ING-LY, adv.

fasci-

Delightfully.

Chas'T^N-ER
who chastens.

^chas'n-er), n.

One

[chastisement.

in procuring escheats.] 1. An act

of deception a fraud ; a trick im2. A person who cheats.
n.
One who cheats.
[Fr. echec, check (No. 5.).
;

Chas-tis/a-BLE, a.
Deserving of
position.
Chas-tjse', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. CllEAT'ER,
castigare.
See CHASTEN.]
1. To CHECK, n.

OR do, wolf. TOO ^o"bK \ URN, RUE, pyLL e,

;

I,

o, silent

C, G,so/2 /C,3, hard; as;

exist;

osng;

this.

.
;

CHECKER

CHIEF

66

See Chess.] 1. Restraint, physical Chef-d'(EUVRE (shil'dobvr'), n. ;

or moral
hindrance obstruction.
pi.
CHEFS-D'CEUVRE.
[Fr.]
A
2. [From the Exchequer
Chamber,
master-piece in art, literature, &c.
where the king's accounts were settled on a checkered cloth.] A mark.
put against items in goiug over a list. Chel'i-form, a.
[Gr. xV^?> claw,
3 A token given to identify a thing
and Lat. forma, form.] Having a
4.
bank
movable
joint
closing
against a preperson.
An
order
ou
a
of
for money.
5. (Chess.) Exposure of
ceding joint or a projecting part of it,
the king to the attack of an adversary
as in the claw of a crab.
Pertaining to aniv. t. [-ED; -ing.] 1. To hinder; he-lo'ni-an, a.
mals of the tortoise kind.
to repress; to curb. 2. To rebuke,
) a.
Pertaining to chemchide, or reprove.
3. To make a ilKM'l,
mark against in going over a list. 4. hem'ic-al, J istry.
hem'ic-al-ly, adv. According to
To provide with checks, as luggage.
;

CHECK'ER,
Check.]
squares.

chemical principles.
[-EDI-ING.] [Sec
To form into little hem'ic-al, n. pi.
producing chemical
To diversify. n. 1.

1.

2.

One who checks.

game of draughts.

2.

Cueck'er-bSard,

piece in the

n.

A common

Per. shall mat, checkmate, lit. the

king is conquered or dead, from Ar.
mata, is dead because, when the
king is made prisoner, the game is
fr.

The movement

in chess

which ends the game. 2. A complete check or defeat.

[-ED
v. t.
-ING.] 1. To defeat by checkmate.
2. To arrest or defeat completely
CHEEK, n. [A.-S. ceac, fr. ceowan, to

chew.]

from

females.

game,

called also draughts.

Cttbck'mate, n. [Ger.se/iactmatt,

finished.] 1.

[Fr.,

n.

Ar. kamis, shirt, linen uuder-garment.] An under-garment worn by

playing checkers, or draughts.

Check'ers, .;?.

Substances for
effects.

Qhe-mise' (she-meez'),

board for

Either side of the face below

C iiIi;\l/i-ETTE'(shem / e-zet'),

n. [Fr.,

dim. of chemise.] An under-garment

worn over the chemise, [chemistry.
Chem'ist, n. A person versed in

Ghem'IS-try

(kem'is-try), n.
[See
That branch of science
which treats of the composition of
substances, and of the changes which

ALCHEMY.]

they undergo.

Qhe-nille'

(she-neeP), n.
[Fr., a
caterpillar.]
Tufted cord, used in

ladies' dresses.

(ch6k), n. See
Cheq'uer (chek'er), n.

Check.

&

v.

See

tainment.

4.

v.t.

3.

Enter-

Applause encourage[-ed; -ING.]

1. To

tion.

To hold dear.
foster; nurse; enencourage; comfort; support.

2.

Syn. To nourish;

tertain;

(ches'nut), n.
[Gr. xdo-Kd<TTava,a, city of Pontus.
nut of a certain
tree.
2. The tree itself, or its timber. a.
Being of the color of a
chestnut of a reddish brown color.
ravov.
1.

fr.

The

fruit, seed, or

Cheva l-de-fr ise (shviild'-frecz'),

pi.
CHEVAUX-DE FRISC
71.;
(shev'o-de-freez

Fr. pron. shvod'-

[Fr., fr. cheval, horse, and

Frise, Friesland.]
piece of timber
traversed with pointed spikes.
Qhev'a-lier' (she?/-), n. [Fr.,from
cheval,
horse.]
1.
horseman
freez').

hence, a knight.

A member

2.

of

certain orders of knighthood.

C;hev'i-RANCe (shev'-),j?. [O.Fr.,fr.
chevir, to come to an end, to perform.] 1. A making of contracts; a
bargain. 2. An unlawful agreement.
(pHEV'RON, n.
[Fr., rafter, chevron^
equiv. to Lat. capriolus, a support of
timber, from caper, goat.]
1. An

honorable ordinary, representing two

rafters meeting at the top.
2. Distinguishing marks on the sleeves of

non-commissioned

Chew (cho~o),

v.

t.

officers' coats.

or

[-ed; -ing.]

i.

[A.-S. ceowan.] 1. To bite and grind

teeth.
\ith the
2. To ruminate
mentally to meditate.
n.
That

which is chewed a cud. [Low.]

CHi-A'RO-oiJ-ev'RO, The same as
CHi-AR'-os-ev/Ro, j
Clare1

state of gayety or mirth.

The thorax.

Chest'nut

Cheque

Checker.
the eyes.
[To chirp.
CHEEP, v. i. [A modification of chirp.} Oher'ish, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Fr.
chcrir, fr. cher, dear, Lat. earns.]
1.
Cheer, n. [Gr. Kapa, head, face.] 1.
To treat with tenderness and affecA state of feeling or spirits. 2. A
ment.

2.

which articles are deposited

in

f.

t'.

A box

obscurer. V.
Chi-bouqve'
)

(che-bo"ok'),

Ch'i-bo'uk'
[Turkish.]
)
ish tobacco-pipe.

CJhI-cane' (shT-kan'), n.
a crumb, a small part.]

n.

A Turk-

[Fr.,orig.
artful

An

subterfuge; cavil; sophistry.

CM-can'er-y, n. Mean or unfair artifice to perplex a cause
chicane.

Cher'ish-ek, n. One who cherishes.

Che-root', n. A kind of cigar.
To utter Cher'RY,h. [Lat. cerasus,fr.Cerasus,
Syn. Trick
sophistry
quibble
a city in Pontus, whence the tree was
fetch; stratagem.
CHEER'FUEjfl. Having, promoting, or
imported into Italy.] 1. A tree and ChIc'o-RY, n.
[Lat. cichorivm, Gr.
cause to rejoice. 2. To infuse life,
courage, or hope, into. 3. To urge

v.i.

or salute by cheers.
cheers.

expressing, good spirits or joy.

adv. In a cheerful

Cheer'FUL-LY,
manner.

n.

Good

spirits

moderate joy or gayety.

.

Gayety

mirth

Cheer'i-ly, adv. With cheerfulness.

Cheer'less, a. Gloomy; comfortless

dreary.

hr'SO-NESE,
fr.

merriment.

Cheerfulnessis a habit of mind; gu>/eii/ is

an occasional excitement of animal spirits; mirth or merriment is noisy gayety.

Cheer'ly

fruit.
2. A cordial of cherrya.
and spirit, sweetened.
Like a red cherry in color ruddy,

its

juice

Cheer'ful-ness,
Syn

n.

[Gr. xepcroi^jcro?,

xeperos, land, and

peninsula.

Cher'ub

(68, 154), n.

from karab, to grasp.]

vfjeros,

an

isle.]

[Heb. kerttb,

Kixupiov.]
ating coffee

ChIck,
ChIck'en,
of fowls.

plant used for adultersuccory endive.

;

n. [A.-S. cicen, D. kieken,

leuiken.] 1. The young

2.

A young person.
n.
A bird of

ChIck'a-dee',
America

named from

One of an ChIck'en-heart'ed,

1.

2. A symbolical
of angels.
used in the tabernacle and
3. A beautiful child.
Che-ru'bic,
) a.
Of, or pertain-

order

figure,

temple.

fearful

its

North

note.

Timid

a.

cowardly.

Chick'en-pox,

n.
mild, contagious, eruptive disease,
[cant weed.

Ghick'-WEED,

n.

kind of insignifi-

a. Gay cheerful.
ing to, cherubs; Chide, v. t. [imp. CHID; p. p. CHID,
adv. CHE-RU'Bre-AL, )
In a cheerful manner.
[of Cherub.
angelic.
chidden.]
[A.-S. cidan, chidan.]
Cheer'y, a.
1.
Cher'u-eim, n. The Hebrew plural
In good spirits
To rebuke to reproach to blame.
cheerful. 2. Promoting cheerfulness. CHER'UP, v. i. [Prob. from chirp.] To
2. To
v. i.
1. To find fault.
C 1EEE, n. [Lat. caseus.] Curd of
make a short, shrill sound to chirp.
make a clamorous, roaring noise.
milk, separated from the whey, and
n.
A short, sharp noise, as of a Chief, a. [0. Fr. chief, chef, fr. Lat.
pressed.
cricket.
caput, head] 1- Highest in office or
Cheese '-cake n. A cake made of Chess, n. [Per. shah, king, as being
rank. 2. Principal or most eminent
soft curds, sugar, and butter.
the principal figure.] A game played
n. 1.
in any quality or action.
Cheee'-mon/ger (-mung/ger, 82),
by two persons, on a board containLeader of any band or community.
n. One who deals in cheese.
ing sixty-four squares.
[in chess.
2. Principal person or thing.
Cheese '-press, n. A press for ex- Chess'-board, n. The board used
Chieftain; commander; leader.
pelling whey from curd.
Chess'-man (150), n. A piece used
Syn.
A chief has the pre-eminence or rule
CHEE'Y,a. Having the qualities or
in the game of chess.
in civil matters, as, the chief of police or
of a tribe; a chieftain and commander
taste of cheese.
Chest, n. [Lat. cista, Gr. kiVttj.] 1.
;

A, E,

I,

5,U, Y,long; X. E,i, 6,

tj,

Y, short

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM SON
;

CHOKER

CHIEF-JUSTICE
occupy

fii'gft military stations; a leader

takes the direction of enterprises.

Chief'-JUS'TICE,

The presiding

n.

judge of a court.

Chief'ly, adv.
principally.

2.

In the first place

For the most part.

1.

Gr. Kap.tvos, furnace, oven.] Passage

through which the smoke is carried
off

flue.

ChIm'ney-sweep,

Chm'ney-sweep'er,

An instrument for paring,

hewing, or gouging.
v. I. [-ED,
ING; or -LED, -LING, 137.] To cut,
pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel.
sickle.]

One who
sweepsand Chit,

n.

[A.-S. cidh, shoot, sprig,

n.

the root cian, to germinate.]

scrapes chimneys.

1.

fr.

Chief'tai'n (42), n.
[L. Lat. capi- Chim-pan'zee n. A kind of African
shoot a sprout. 2. A child or babe.
[From chat, by retaneus, from Lat. caput, head.
CHlT'CHAT,n.
See
monkey resembling man.
Familiar or trifling
duplication.]
Chief.] Head of a troop, army, or CHIN, n. [A.-S. cinne, cin, Goth, kin;

[of a chieftain.

clan.

Chief'tain-ship, n.
Rank or office
ChYg'oe, n. A small tropical insect
(

Chig'reJ

of the flea family.

ChTl'blain, n. A sore caused by cold.

Child, n.; pi. chil'dren.
[A.-S.
did, pi. cildru, cildra.]
1. A son or
a daughter. 2. A young person of
[ducing children.
either sex.
Child'-bear'ING n. Act of proChIld'bed, n. State of a woman in
labor; parturition.
Child'birth, n.
Act of bringing
forth a child travail labor.
Childe (in Eng. child or child), n. A
title formerly prefixed to his name
by the oldest son, until he succeeded
to the titles of his ancestors, or gained
new honors.
Chjld'ho"od(27). n. State of a child
time in which persons are children.
Child'Ish, a. Of, or pertaining to, a
;

child

puerile.

[a child.

CHILD'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of

Child'ish-ness, n. State or qualities
of a child

simplicity.

nus, cheek, akin to Lat. gena, Gr.

The lower extremity of the face, below the mouth.
Chi'na, n. A fine species of earthen

yews, Skr. ganda.]

swine, &c, fried for food.

ware; porcelain.
Pertain(shlv -), a.
ChIng'a-pin, n. The dwarf chestnut. (/'HIV'AL-Rie
Chin-chil'la, n.
[Sp.]
A small ()Hlv'AL-ROUS j ing to chivalry gallant.
rodent animal, remarkable for its
1

[cough.

fine fur.

Chin'cough

[0 H. Ger. skina, needle,

Back-bone of an animal.
2. The chimb or chime of a cask.
Chink, n. [A.-S. cine, fissure, chink,
prickie.] 1.

from cinan,
crack.

to gape.]
1.
[See Jingle.]

2.

docile.

x^as,

thousand.] A thousand
a thousand years.

fr-

x^ 10 "*

especially,

HIL'I-ARH,

n.
[Gr. ^i\Capxr)?, fr.
viAtov, thousand, and apxos, leader.]

Commander

of a thousand men.

CHILL,

a.
[A.-S. cyle, cele, fr. celan,
1. Moderately
calan, to be cold ]
cold cool. 2. Affected by cold. 3.
n.
A disagreeFormal; distant.
able sensation of coolness shiver[-ed; -ING.]
ing.
v. t.
1.1 To
make chilly to affect with cold. 2.
To depress ; to discourage.
CutLL'l-NESS, n.
A sensation of
coolness.
ChIll'ness, n. Coolness coldness.
;

Chill'y,

n.

Moderately cold.

Chimb

Edge of

(chlm), n.
[D. kirn.]
a cask, &c. See Chine, 2.

CHIME,

campana, bell.]
1.
Harmonious sound of bells. 2. A
set of bells musically tuned to one
another. 3. [See Chimb.] Edge of
n.

[It.

a cask or tub.
v i. [-ed -ING.]
1. To sound in harmonious accord, as
bells. 2. To be in harmony
to correspond. 3. To jingle, as in rhyming.
GhI-Me'ra, n.
[Lat. chimsera, Gr.
1. A
X^aCpa, orig. a she-goat.]
;

fabulous fire-spouting monster. 2. A

vain or foolish fancy.
hI-mer'I-AL, a. Merely imaginary;
existing only in thought.
Wildly
hI-mer'ic-al-ly, adv.
vainly

fancifully.
(148), n.

ChIm'ney

crack;

[-ED

or, do,

v.
jingle.

open; to

to

i.

To
v.

t.

To jingle.

-ING.]

Chintz (chints, 108), n.

[Hind, chhint,
spotted cotton cloth.] Cotton cloth,
printed with flowers and colors.

Chip,

v.

[-ped; -ping,

t.

136.]

[II.

To cut
Ger. kippen, to clip, pare.]
into small pieces.
v. i. To break in
piece cut or
small pieces.
n.

n.

[Gr. x^poypa.4>o<;,

hand x et P hand,
j

A writing reyp&fyeiv, to write.]

quiring a counterpart. It answered
to what is now called a charter-party.
Hl-ROG'RA-PHER,n. One who pracand

tices writing.

hI ro-graph'I,
hi ro-graph'I-al,
/

a.

Pertaining to chi-

rography.

[pher.

hi-rog'ra-phist, n.
A chirograhi-rog'ra-phy, n. 1. Art of writing.

2.

Qhiv'al-ry (shiv'-, 67),

n. [Fr. cheval-

knight.]

erie, fr. chevalier,

writing done with one's

A body

1.

of cavaliers or knights serving on

horseback
cavalry. 2. Dignity or
system of knighthood. . 3. Qualifications or character of knights.
Chives., n. pi. [See Cives.] 1. Slenuer
filaments in the blossoms of plants.
2. A small species of onion.
;

n. A salt formed by the

union of chloric acid with a base.

hlo'RATE,
hlo'RI,

a.
Pertaining to chlorine,
or obtained from it.
A compound of
(49), n.
chlorine with another element.
hlo'rine, rc.
[Gr. x Aapo?, pale-

hlo'ride

green;
from its color.] A heavy
gas of greenish color, which forms a

common
Ghlo'ro-form (25), n.
constituent of

written with the

salt.

[From chlorine andformyl, it being a terchloride

of formyl.] An oily, volatile liquid,
used to produce insensibility.
Chock, v. t. To stop or fasten as with
Something to confine
a wedge.
n.
a cask or other body, by fitting into

the space around or beneath

Chock'-full,
Choc'o-late,

it.

Completely full.
[Mexican cacuatl,
cacao.]
A paste composed of the
roasted and ground kernel of the cacao, or a beverage obtained from it.
a.

n.

own hand handwriting.

Choice (66), n. [Fr. choix, fr. choisir,
Ghi-rol'O-GY, n.
[Gr. xeip, hand,
to choose, fr. Goth, kausjan, to exArt of comamine.] 1. Act of choosing
and Aoyos, speech.]
elecmunicating thoughts by signs made
tion.
2. Power of choosing
option.
3. The thing
chosen.
a.
[-ER,by the hands and fingers.
Grn'RO-MAN'OY, n. [Gr. xeip, hand,
-EST.]
1. Worthy of being chosen.
2. Selected with care.
and p.avTeia,'divination.] Divination
Syn. Precious; costly; uncommon.
by inspection of the hand palmistry.
Choice'ly, adv. With care in choosGhi-ron'o-mv (kl-), n. [Gr. xpovoing,
[choice.
Quality of being
fiCa, fr. x et'P) band, and vofjios, law, Choice'ness, n.
rule.]
Gesture.
-Choir (kwlr) (38), n. [Lat. chorus,
Ghi-rop'o-dIst, n. [Gr. xeip, hand,
Gr. xP?-]
1- An organized comand ttovs, tto86s, foot.] One who repany of singers. 2. That part of .i
moves corns, &c, from the feet.
church appropriated to the singers.
;

'

Chirp

[-ed -ing.] [Ger.

(18), v. i.
zirpen, tschirpen.) To make a short,
sharp sound, as is done by fowls or
crickets.
short, sharp note.
n.
Chir'rup, v. t.
[-ed -ing.]
[See
Chirp.] To quicken or animate by
chirping.
Act of chirping.
n.
Chi-RUr'geon (kT-nir/jun, 34), n.
;

See

Surgeon.

*ChIs/el,.
[Fr. cheminie, fr.

A gap or
A short,

sharp sound, as of metal.

Hooping-

(-kof,21), n.

ClHNE,n.

Child'less, a. Destitute of children.

broken off.
CHILD'-LIKE a. Like or becoming a Chi'ro-grXph,
child ;_submissive
h?I/I-AD, n. [Gr.

talk.
[Cf. A.-S.
Chit'ter-lIng,m. pi.
cwidh and cwidha, belly, womb,
stomach.] The smaller intestines of

fr.

Lat.

wolf, to"0, took; urn,rue,pull;

js,i, o, silent;

(20), v.

[-ed

t.

aceocjan, to suffocate

jaw, cheek.]
cate.

1.

To

-ing.]
;

[A.-S.
ceace, ceac,
to suffo-

stifle;

To obstruct by filling up or
i.
To have the wind-

2.

clogging.
v.
pipe stopped.

Choke'-damp,

n.
Carbonic acid gas
wells, mines, &c.

accumulated in

Ch5ke'-full,

[0. Fr. cisel, Fr. ciseau,

dim. of sicilis,

sicilicula,

Choke

quite

a.

Full as possible;

full.

CHOK'ER,

n.

He who,

Q,&,so/i; ,G,hard; A; exist;

[chokes.
or that which,

nosng; tsis

CHOKY
to phoke.
[Gr. \o\ipa, fr.
1- Tlle Dile ;
to be the seat of

\6Ao?, x^Vi Dile J

formerly supposed
irascibility.

ized
also
legs

Anger; wrath.

2.

Chol'er-a,

n.

disease character-

by vomiting and purging, and

by griping and spasms in the
and arms.

Cholera morbus, a milder and more

common form of the cholera.

hol'er-I (123), a. 1. Easily
ritated

Choose

Angry

2.

irascible.

cating anger.

(66), v.

t.

[imp.

CHUCK-FARTHING

G8

Chok'y, a. Tending
ttlOL'EH (kol'er), n.

ir-

indi-

chose

p.

description of a particular region or

[Lat. chorus, Gr. xPs-]

n.

Chooser,

One who chooses

an

elector.

Chop

[-ped
(66), v. t.
KoKaipo';, buffet.]
1.

pieces.
seize

n.

To sever by one or more

i.
1. To come upon or
2. To shift suddenly.

2.

blows.

-ping.] [Gr.
To cut into

v.

suddenly.

2. A
Act of chopping.
piece chopped off; a slice or small
Quality
brand.
piece. 3. [Chinese.]
Chop'-house, n.
A house where
1.

chops,

&c,

are sold,

Chop'PER, n.
Chop'ping, a.
Stout or

[which, chops.

One who, or that

1.
[Cf. Chubby.]
plump. 2. Coming from

different directions.
n.
One of two small
sticks used by the Chinese to convey
food to the mouth.
CHO'RAL, a. [Lat. choralis, fr. chorus,
Gr. xP?-] Belonging to a choir
hymn-tune.
sung in chorus.
n.
CHORD, n. [Lat. chorda,
Gr. xP$y> string.]
1.
String of a musical in-

Chop'stick,

strument. 2. An harmonious combination of

tones
simultaneously
performed.
3. A right Chord (3).
AC AB,
line, uniting the extremcnords
ities of the arc of a circle.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To provide with musical chords or strings.
Chore, n. [Eng. char.] A small job
commonly in the pi. [Amer.]
>

h5'RI-Xmb,

[Gr. xopia/aBos, fr.

Xopeios, trochee, and ia/uj3os,iambus ]
(Ancient Pros.) A foot consisting of
four syllables, the first and last long,
and the others short.
ho'rist, n.
singer in a choir.
hor'is-ter, n. 1. One of a choir
a singer in a concert. 2.
leader
of a choir.
Cho-rSg'ra-pher, n.
One who
n.

makes a map of a particular country.

Cho'ro-grXph'ic-al, a. Pertaining
to chorography.

ho-rog'ra-phy,
<$>Ca, fr. x<>pos,

describe.]
a,

e,

i,

n.

place,

[Gr. xwpoypato

and ypa^eiv,

Art of making a

o v,\,long; X.E,!,
}

map

or

a.
[Gr. xp<"P-<"-ik6s,
suited for color, fr. xpw/txa, color. J 1.
Relating to color.
2. (Mus.) Pro-

CHOgE

(shoz), n. [Fr., fr. Lat. causa,

cause.]

thing

personal property.

Chose in action, a thing of which one

has not possession or actual enjoyment,

Chough

[A.-S.

(chilf), n.

ceo,

Fr.

bird of the crow family.

[-ed -ing.] [Turk.
chiaous, a messenger of the Turkish
emperor, one of whom, in 1609, committed a gross fraud upon the Turkish merchants resident in England.]
n.
To cheat, trick, defraud.
1. A
v.

t.

n.

[Gr. xpwp-<*> color.]

chromo-lithograph.

HK6'MO-LiTH'o-GRXpH,n. A lithograph printed in colors.

I

[Gr. xpovikos,

a.

fr.

xpo^os, time.] ConJ

tinuing for a long time.

c/iourus.]

Chouse,

hro'MO,

hron'I,
hron'J-AL,

but only a right to it.

chosen, CHOSE.] [A.-S. ceosan,
Goth, kiusan.] To make choice of.
CHOgE, imp. & p. p. of Choose.

Choose is ge- ChSs'EN (choz'n), p. p. of Choose.

Prefer; elect.
Syn.

the power of choice.

dis-

hro-mat'ic,

1.
Gr. Dram i.) A company supposed to behold what passes in the
acts of a tragedy, and who sing their
ceeding by the smaller intervals
sentiments between the acts. 2. A
(half-steps or semitones) of the scale.
company of singers singing in con- iiro-mAt'I8, n. Science of colors.
In. [Gr. xpu>/u.a, color.]
cert.
3. What is said or sung by the HROME,
chorus in a tragedy part of a song hro'mi-UM, j A hard, brittle metal
of a grayish-white color.
in which the company join.

p.

neric; to prefer is to choose one thing us

more desirable than another; to elect is
to choose or take for some purpose, office, &c., usually by suffrage, as, to elect a
president.
2. To have
v. i.
1. To prefer.

and Adyos, discourse.] A

course or treatise concerning Christ.

country.

h6'rus,

Christ,

hr6n'1-cle

(kr5n'!-kl), n.
register of events in the order of time.
t.
[-ED ; -ING.] To record in
history
to register.
[chronicle.

v.

hron'i-LER,

n.

hron'o-gram,
hron'o-grAph,

n.

writer of a
[Gr. XP"<>,

time, and

"ypd/m-

writing, ypa.4>e>.v, to write.] An

simpleton a gull. 2. A trick iminscription which includes in it the
date of an event.
position.
[oger.
Chow'chow, n. [Chin.]
kind of hro-nog'ra-pher, n. A chronolhro-nol'o-ger, n. One skilled
mixed pickles.
Chow'der, . A dish of fresh fish, hro-nol'o-g!st, J in chronology.
hron'o-l6g'I,
) a.
pork, onions, &c, stewed together.
Relating
hres-tom'a-thy, n.
to chronol[Gr. xPV<r- hr6n'o-l6c;'I-al,
ogy according to the order of time.
TOjtxa^eia, from xpi?c">"6s, useful, and
A selection of -CHRON'O-LOG'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a
fxaOelv, to learn.]
chronological manner.
passages, with notes, &c, to be used
hR0-n6l'O-GY,. [Gr. xpovoAoyia,
in acquiring a language.
^HfilsM, n. [Gr. xp^o-iia, fr. xP^etv t *
fr. xpoVos, time, and Aoyos, discourse.]
Science of computing time by regular
anoint.] Oil consecrated by a bishop.
divisions and which assigns to events
Ghris-ma'TION, n. Act of applying
[the chrism.
their proper dates.
consecrated oil.
[Gr. xp"os,
hriS/ma-to-RY (50), n. A vessel for hro-n5m'e-TER, n.
time, and p-erpov, measure.] A timeGhrIst, n. [Gr. xpioros, anointed, fr.
keeper esp. a portable time-keeper of
XpiW, to anoint.] The Anointed
superior construction and accuracy.
the Savior; the Messiah.
) a.
Pertain
-eHRfs'TjENtkris/n),!-. t. [-ed -ING.] Chron'o-met'ric,
ing to, oi[A.-S, cristnian, fr. cristen, cristena, Chron'o-met'ric-al, J
measured by, a chronometer.
a Christian.] 1. To baptize. 2. To
hrys'a-eIs (krts-), n. ; pi. CHRYgive a name to.
hris't.en-d6m (kris'n-), n. [A.-S.
sXL/I-DEg.
[Gr. xpvcraAAis, goldcristendom, from cristen, a Christian,
colored sheath of butterflies, from
A form into which
and the term, dom.] 1. That portion
Xpvcros, gold.]
the caterpillar of butterflies, moths,
of the world in which Christianity
Christians.
passes,
and
from which the per&c,
prevails. 2. Whole body of
hris'TIAN (krYst'yan, 63), n. [See
fect insect, after a while, emerges.
hrys'0-PRAse,
[Gr. xpv<r67rpaChrist.
a.
n.
Christ.] A believer in
1. Pertaining to Christ or his re<ros, from xpvo-6s, gold, and npdaw,
of
massive
leek.]
kind
quartz.
A
ligion.
2. Professing Christianity.
[Cf. Fr. chabot, a chub,
Christian name, the name given in bap- CHUB, n.
with'a
large
capito,
fish
Lat.
a
head,
tism, as distinct from the family name,
or surname.
fresh- water fish of
caput, head.]
family.
carp
the
hris-tiXn'i-ty (krist-ySn'i-ty), n.
ChOb'bed, ) a. Like a chub plump,
The religion taught by Christ.
short, and thick.
hris'tian-ize, V.t. [-ED -ING.] ChOb'BY, )
ChOck, v. i. [Formed in imitation of
To convert to Christianity.
To make a noise like
the
sound
hris'tian-ly, adv. In a Christian
]
that of a hen calling her chickens.
[Christ.
manner.
-ing.]
1.
To strike
t.
[-ed;
faith
v.
hr!sT'less, a. Having no
in
n.
gently. 2. To throw to pitch.
hr!st'mas (kns'mas, 146), n. 1.
2.
A slight
1.
call
of
a
hen.
The
Festival of Christ's nativity the 25th
3. A contrivblow under the chin.
of December. 2. Christmas-day.
ance fixed to the mandrel of a turnhrIst'mas-box (kris'mas-), n. A
ing-lathe for holding the material to
box in which presents are put at
;

p.a,

be operated upon.

Christmas.

hris-tol'o-gy,

6, Vs,^, short;

n.

[Gr. XP"">

Chuck'-far'thing,

n.

play in

cAre, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, term; pique, firm; s6n,

CHUCKLE
which a farthing

is

69

pitched into a

hole.

v.

ChDck'le,

v.

t.

[-ED

-ing.] [From

chuck.] To call, as a hen her chickens.

1\ i. To laugh in a suppressed
n.
short,
or broken manner.

suppressed laugh of exultation or de-

[Perhaps a modif. of chub.]

n.

CHUFF'Y,

Surly clownish.
[Prob. a contr. from comrade.] A room-mate, esp. in a college.
Chunk, n. A short, thick piece of
a.

n.

any thing.

CHURCH

[Gr. Kvpicuoj, Kvpia(oo), n.

Lord's house, fr. Kvpios, lord.]
1. A building for Christian worship.
2. An organized body of Christian
believers.
3. The collective body of
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To
Christians.
unite with in returning thanks in
church, as after childbirth.
koi>,

ChOrc-h'man

(150), n.

or clergyman.

siastic

palian,

An eccleAn Episco-

1.
2.

[a

churchman.

ChOrch'man-ship, a. State of being

ChOrch'-ward'-EN, n. An officer
whose duties respect the temporal
interests of a church or parish.

Church'-yXrd,

A grave-yard ad-

n.

joining to a church

Churl' "(66),
rustic

n.

a cemetery.

[A.-S. ceorl.]

1.

a countryman or laborer.

rough, surly, ill-bred man.

3.

A
2.

niggard.

Churl'Ish, a. Like a churl

Churl 'ish-ness,

illiberal.

Rudeness of

n.

manners or temper

indisposition to
kindness or courtesy.
Churn (66), n. A vessel for making
;

butter in. v. t. [-ED; -ING] [A.cernan, Icel. kirna, from kiarni,

cream.]
To agitate, as
cream, in order to make butter.
Churn'ing, n.
Quantity of butter
made at one operation.
S.

flesh.

Cicerone

(che-che-ro'ne or sis'e[It. Cicerone, Cicero, the

orator; fr. the talkativeness
of such a guide.] One who shows
strangers the curiosities of a place.
ro'ne), n.

Roman

a.

Resembling Cice-

ro in style or action.
(che'chis-ba'o or se-sls'The professed galbe-o), n.
[It.]
lant of a married woman.
I'DER, n. [Fr. cidre, Gr. a-Uepa; of
Oriental origin.] A drink made from
the juice of apples.
Ci-devant (sGd'vong'), a. [Fr.]
Former previous.
l-GAR', n.
A small
[Sp. cigarro.]
roll of tobacco, used for smoking.
;

Cig'ar-ette', n.
il'ia-ry (sll'ya-),

A little cigar.
Belonging to

a.

the eye-lashes.
C'i-li'cioOs (si-llsh'us), a. [Lat. cilicium, a covering, orig. of Cilician
goat-shair, from Cilicia, in Asia Minor.] Made, or consisting, of hair.
(P'iM'E-TER, n. [Biscay an cimetarra,
with a sharp edge.]
A short sword
with a recurvated point.
CJim-me'ri-an (89), a. 1. Pertaining
to the Cimmerii, a fabulous people,
said to have dwelt in caves, in utter
darkness. 2. Intensely dark.
[Named from the
C'in-cho'na. n.
Countess Cinchon.] Peruvian bark,
or thetree which produces it.

Qinct'ure
from

[Lat.
(53), n.
cingere, to gird.] 1.

girdle.

2.

CIRCUMFERENTOR
[-ED,
system of characters.
v.

cinctura,
belt
a

That which encompasses

inclosure.
(pi'N'DER, n. [A.-S. sinder, fr. syndrian, to separate.] 1. A particle of
matter remaining after combustion.

i.

To

-ing.]

ClClSBEO

coarse, dull, or surly fellow.

CHUM,

i.

Qic'e-r6'ni-an,

rision.

CHUFF,

wounded
To heal or be healed.

cicatrice in, as in

practice arithmetic.
(^Ir'cle (18), n.
[Lat. circulus, dim,
1. A
of circus, circle.]
plane figure, bounded by
a single curve line, every
part of which is equally
from a point
distant
within it called the center.
2. The line that

Circle -

bounds such a figure a circumfer3. A round body

a sphere.
circuit. 5. A company4. Compass
6. A series ending where it begins.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To move or
v. t.
revolve around. 2. To surround to
inclose.
v. i.
To move circularly.
;

ence.

lR'eLET, n. A little circle.

lR'UIT (sTr'kit, 18), n. [Lat. circuitus, from circum, around, and ire, to
go ]
1. Act of moving or revolving
around.
2. The region over which
the jurisdiction, as of a judge, &c,
extends.
The distance around
3.

space.
v. t. To move or make
to go round.
[circuit
indirect.
ClR-U'l-TOUS, a. Going round in a
V'lR-cu'I-TOUS-LY, adv. In a circuit.

any

()IR'<:U-L>R(18). a. 1. Pertaining to,

or in the form of, a circle round. 2.
Addressed to a number of persons.
n. A letter, or paper, copies of which
are addressed to various persons.
QlR'cu-LAR'l-TY, n .
State of being
;

[manner.
In a circular

circular.

CTr'^u-LAR-ly, adv.

QlB.'U-IiATE, V.i. [-ED; -ING.] 1.

To move or pass round. 2. To pass
from place to place, from person to
person, or from hand to hand.
v.
t. To cause to pass round.
<plR'U-LA'TlON, n, 1. Act of circu-

lating.

2.

Currency

coin, or notes,

bills, &c, current as money. 3. Ex2. A small coal with ashes an ember.
CJIN'E-MAT'ICS, n. sing.
tent to which any thing circulates.
[Gr. *ai/e'a>,
Science which treats of C^IR^eUM-AM'Bl-ENT, a. [Lat. circum
to move.]
around, and ambire, to go round.]
motions considered apart from their
causes.
Surrounding encompassing.
CHVLE (kTl), a. [Gr. xvA.6?, juice,
from \4eiv, to pour.] A milky fluid, CilN'ER-A-RY, a. [Lat. cinerarius, fr. ClR'CUM-AM'BU-LATE, v. i.
[Lat.
cinis, ashes.]
Pertaining to, or concircumambulate, fr. circum, around,
derived from chyme, and conveyed
taining, ashes.
[thing to ashes.
and ambulare, to walk.] To walk
into the circulation.
Reducing of any
round about.
hyl/i-fa'tion, n.
[Gr. \v\6<;, Cin'er-a'tion, n.
_ [walking around.
and Lat. facere, to make.] Process QiVER-I'Tious (-Tsh'us), a. Having ^IR/CUM-AM/BU-LA'TION. ii. Act of
the color or consistence of ashes.
lR'UM-ClE (18), V. t. [-ED -ING.
by which chyle is formed.
[chyle.
{iHYLa-Fl-eA'TION, n. Formation of C!in'NA-BAR, n. [Gr. Kiwa/Sapis, Per.
[Lat. circumcidere, circumcisum, fr.
qinbarj] Red sulphuret of mercury
circum, around, and csedere, to cut.]
HYL'OUS (kil'us), a. Consisting of
vermilion.
chyle, or partaking of it.
1. To cut off the foreskin of.
2. To
HYME (kfm), n. [Gr. x^os, juice, Qi'N'NA-MON, n. [Gr. KLvvafjLov, Kivva.- render spiritual or holy.
from x* eiv to pour.] Pulp formed
CilR'CUin-^is/ER, n.
fjuoixov, from a Phenician word.] AroOne who permatic inner bark of a tree growing in
forms circumcision.
by the food after it has been for
Ceylon.
some time in the stomach.
CiR^UM-ci's/lON (-sizh'un), n.
1.
Act of cutting off the prepuce or
Chym'is-try, &c See Chemistry. CWQUE (sink, 82), n. [Lat. quinque,
Five, upon dice or in cards.
five.]
Chym'I-FI-ca'TIOX, n. [Lat. chymus,
foreskin.
2. (Script.) (a.) Spiritual
Act lNQUE'-FOIL, n. [Fr. cinque, five,
chyme, and facere, to make.]
purification, and acceptance of the
a.ndfeuiUe, leaf.]
1. A plaut of difor process of becoming or of forming
Christian faith, (b.) The Jews as
[chyme.
ferent species.
2.
An ornamental
chyme.
distinguished from the Geutiles.
foliation having five points, used in (pIR-UM'FER-ENE, n. [Lat. circumChym'ous (klm'us), a. Pertaining to
windows, panels, &c.
l'A-TR?CE, n. A scar remaining
ferentia, from circum. around, and
Ql'ON, n. [0- Fr. fr. Lat. sectio, a cutafter a wound is healed.
ferre, to bear.]
1. Line that encomting.] A young shoot, twig, or sprout.
Cf-A' TRIX, 11. ; pi. pi'A-TRl'passes a circular figure: periphery.
f^i'PHER, n.
[Ar. sifrun, empty, ciPE$. [Lat] A scar a cicatrice.
2. Any thing circular.
3. External
Process of
pher, zero.] 1. The character
QKv'a-tri-za'tion, n.
surface of a sphere.
in
arithmetic. 2. A person of no worth ClR-eUM'FER-EN'TiAL, a.
forminga cicatrice.
Pertainor character
^le'A-TRIZE, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
3.
An enigmatical
ing to a circumference.
character. 4. A private alphabet or QlR-CUM/FER-EN'TOR, n. An instruheal and induce the formation of a

marrow,

OR, do,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

e,

I,

O, silent

C, G, soft;

,&,hard; as; EJIST; ffasNG; this.

CIRCUMFLEX

CIVILIZE

70

ment used by surveyors for taking ^iR'euM-SPEC'TlON,/!. Attention to

fr. Kicrcros, ivy, and e!6os, form.]
A
horizontal angles and bearings.
all the facts and circumstances of a
certain geometrical curve.
case caution watchfulness.
is-tr'cian (63), n.
flR'UM-FLEX, n. [Lat. circumflexus,
One of an orCautious;
a bending round.] 1. A wave of the C^r/gum-spegt'Ive, a.
der of Benedictine monks established
;

character, denoting in
Greek a rise and fall of the voice
on the same long syllable [marked
thus, ~ or "] and in Latin and some
other languages, denoting a long and
contracted syllable [marked ].

voice.

2.

pIR-eOM'FLU-ENT,

a. [Lat. circuin-

<^IR-UM'FLU-oOs,
fluere circumfluens, from circum, around, i\n& fluflow.]
Flowing
around.
ere, to
,

CIr'^um-fo-ra'ne-an, )a.
^Ir-'cum-fo-ra'ne-ous,

foraneus, fr. circum, around, and/brum, a market-place.] Going about

or from house to house.
^Ir'cjum-fuse', v. t.
[Lat. circumfundere, -fusum, fr. circum, around,

To pour or
[spreading around.
CiR^euM-FU'siON, n. A pouring or
and fund ere,

to pour.]

spread round.

(^IR'CUM-GY-RA'TION, 11.
[Lat. circum, around, and gyrare, to turn
around.]
A turning,
whirling round.

CjlR'CUM-JA'CENT,
around, and

around

or

from

jac.cre, to

circum,

Lying

lie.]

bordering.

CtfR'CMJM-LO-GU'TION,

cumspection,

[Lat. cir-

n.

cumlocutio, fr. circum, around, and

loqui, to speak.] A circuit of words
a periphrase.
ClR'CUM-Loe'U-TO-RY, a.
Relating
to a circumlocution
periphrastic.

giR/euM-NAV'i-GA-BLE,

a.

Capable

of being sailed around.

QlR'^UM-HAV'I-GATE,

cir-

CjIr'CUM-spectVness,

Caution;

ir'UM-stance

[Lat. cir-

cumslantia,

n.
(113), n.

circum, around, and

fr.

stare, to stand.]
1 Something attending on a fact, though not essential thereto.
2. pi. Condition in regard to property.

Fact; event; incident. A fact

a thing clone; an event a thing which
turns up or occurs
an incident something that falls in to some general course
of events. A circumstance is some adjunct to an event which more or less
is

affects

it.

CJIR'gum-stan'TIAL,

a. 1. Consisting

or pertaining to, particular incidents. 2. Abounding with circumstances

minute
particular.
n.
Something incidental, but of minor
importance
in the plural.
in,

QlR'CUM-STAN'TlAL-LY,^/-^

1.

Ac-

In every

2.

particular.

C/ls'TERN, n.

C/Ir'gum-stan'ti-ate (-shi-at), v. t.
[-ED; -ing.] 1. To place in particular circumstances. 2. To enter into

izen
used contemptuously.
C/lT'A-DEL, n.
[It. citadella, dim. of
:

fr.

v.

t.

[Lat. cir-

circum, around, and

To surround with

vallare, to wall.]

cittd, city.]

fortress or castle in

or near a fortified city.

CJl-TA'TION, n. [L. Lat.

a rampart.

citatio, fr. ci-

tare, to cite.] 1.
summons a notice
to appear. 2. A passage from a book
or from another person, in his own
;

words a quotation.
C^J'ta-to-ry, it. Having the power or
;

form of citation.
CJite, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [L&t.eitare,
intens. form of cire, cicre, to put in
motion, to excite.] 1. To summon.
To quote, name, or repeat. 3. To
name, in support, proof, or
confirmation of.
[or quotes.
2.

call or

ClT'ER, n.
(Iith'ern,

One who cites, summons,

Same as Cittern.

a.

[From city.]
A
1.
freeman of a city. 2. An inhabitant
in any city, town, or place. 3. Any
native born or naturalized inhabin.

tant of a country.

details concerning.

C^R'GUM-VAL'LATE,
cumvallare,

[Lat. cisterna, fr. cista,

A reservoir for water, beer,

or other liquids.
C/iT, n.
[Contr. from citizen.] A citchest.]

C/iT'1-Z.EiV,

at Citeaux, in France.

With

[circumspection.

cording to circumstances.
[Lat. circum-

a.

circumjacens,

jaccre,

rolling,

wary.

CJIr'GUM-spect'ly, adv.

Syn.

[Lat.

circum-

careful of consequences

[Amer.]

[citizen.

ClT'l-ZEN-SHip, n. State of being a

(jlT'RATE, n.
[Lat. ritreum, citron,
lemon.] A salt formed by the union
of citric acid and a base.

C/L?/UM-VAL-LA'TrON, It. 1. Act of C/i't'RIG, a.

Pertaining to an acid
in the juice of the lemon, &c.
surrounding with a wall or rampart.
Like a citron or lemon
2. A line of field works surrounding CjiT'RiNE a.
of a lemon color.
the camp of a besieging army.
C/IR'eUM-VENT', V. t. [-ED -ING.] CjlT'RON, n. [Gr. KiTpov.] Fruit of
the citron-tree, resembling a lemon.
circumvenire, from circum,
[Lat.
around, and venire., to come.] To C/IT'Y, n. [Lat. civitas, fr. civis, citi,

V.

[-ED;

t.

[Lat. circumnavigare, fr. circum, around, and navigare, to navigate.]

To sail around.
CSJR/eUM-NAV/J-GA'TION, n.
Act of

-ING.]

overreach

to deceive

to delude.

zen.]

1.

large town.

2.

corpo-

rate town.
circumnavigating.
3. Inhabitants of a city.
[sails around.
C^R/euM-VEN'TlON, nl
Deception;
CUVEg (slvz), n.pl. [L&t. cepa, czepa,
CIr'GUM-NAV'I-gA'TOR, n. One who
[artifices.
fraud imposture.
cxpe, onion.] A species of garlic.
[Lat. circum, ClR'GUM-VENT'iVE, a. Deceiving by
VTr'GUM-po'LAR, a.
around, and Eng. polar.]
About or QlR/eUM-VEST', v. t. [Lat. circum- g'lV'ET, n. [L. Gr. gairenov, from Per.
zabad, civet.] 1.
near the pole.
vestire, fr. circum, around, and vesQIr/cum-ko'ta-ry, a. Turning, rollA strong, musky
tire, to clothe.]
To cover round, as
;

ing, or whirling round.

QIr'CUM-RO-ta'tion,

n.

[Lat. cir-

cumrotare from circum, around, and

,

rota, wheel.]

rolling or revolving

round, as a wheel.

QIr'oum-ro'ta-to-ry

(50), a.

Turn-

ing, rolling, or whirling

round.
Tr'UM-SRIB'a-BL,e, a.
Capable
of being circumscribed.
(piR'CUM-SGRIBE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. circumscribere, from circum,
around, and scribere, to write, draw.]
t
To inclose within a certain limit.
^r/gum-scrip'ti-ble, a. Capable
of being circumscribed.
^Tr'gum-sgrip'tion, n. Limitation
by conditions, restraints. &c. confinement limit.
[external form
;

with a garment.
C/Tr'cum-vo-lu'tion.
rolling round.

2.

1. Act of
thing rolled

n.

round another.
CJlR'GUM-VOLVE',

Being on this side

[mountains.
of the Atlantic Ocean,
a.

produces civet
a native of North
;

[-ED -ING.]
V. t.
circumvolvere,
from circum,
around, a,ndvolvere, to roll.] To cause
to revolve.
v. i. To revolve.
C^r'gus, n.; pi. ciR'eus-Eg. [Lat.
circus, Gr. /ap/eos'.]
1. An inclosed
place for games or feats of horsemanship. 2. Performers in a circus.
CTlR'ROUS, a. [Lat. cirrus, lock, curl.]
Terminating in a curl or tendril.
Cas-AL'PiNE a. [Lat. Cisalpinus ; cis,
on this side, and alpinus, Alpine.] On
the hither or south side of the Alps.
[Lat.

Qis'AT-lan'tig,

substance,
used
as a perfume. 2.
The animal that

Civet.

Africa.
Cjiv're,
[Lat. civicus, fr. civis, citiRelating to, or derived from,
zen.]
a city or citizen.
(pIv'lL, a.
[Lat. civilis, fr. civis, citizen.]
1. Lawful or political, as opposed to military. 2. Pertaining to

an organized community
Courteous
Qi-vii/ian, n.
3.

civil law.

2.

civilized.

complaisant.
1. One skilled in the
One whose pursuits

are those of civil

<pI-vlL'l-TY, n.

life.

1.

Courtesy

polite-

CIr'gum-sgrip'tive, a. Defining the

ness.
2. pi. Acts of politeness.
Act of civilizlR'UM-SPET, a.
[Lat. circumspi- Cis-mon'tane, a. On this side of the CJiv'il-I-za'tion, n.
cere,
circumspectus, from circum, Qi's'pa-dane a.
ing, or state of being civilized.
[Lat. cis, on this
around, and spicere, to look.]
Ctfv'lL-izE, v. t. [-ED -ING.] To reCauside, and Padanus, fr. Padus, the Po.]
tious
prudent
watchful
claim from a savage state to eduwary
On the hither or south side of the Po.
,

Qts'SOID, n. [Gr.

visilant.

I, E,

1,

5,U, Y,long; X 3 E,I, 5,

ft,

Y, short;

Kicro-oeicSrjs,

like ivy,

cate

to refine.

CARE, FAR, ASK; ALE, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TlBM; P'fQUE, FIRM SON,

CIVILIZED
;

in reference to civil society.

2.

Po-

State of citizenship.
[See BONNY-CLAB-

n.

n.

Clack,
make

Milk turned thick.

v. i.
[-ed -ing.]
1. To
a sudden, sharp noise; to

clink
n.

to click. 2. To talk rapidly.

[Fr. claque, a slap or smack,

BEK.]

clanger e, Ger. klingen.] To strike together with a ringiug metallic sound.

v. i.
To produce a sharp, shrill
sound.
7i. A sharp, ringing sound.
Clan'gor (82), n. [Lat.] A sharp,

shrill,

harsh sound.

Clank

litely.

Civ'IgM,

1. H. Ger. klar, crack.]

1.

A sharp,

abrupt sound made by striking an

object.

2.

Any

thing that causes a

3. Continual talk.
[-ED -ING-.] [Lat. da-

clacking noise.

CLAIM,

i\ t.

mare, to cry out, call.] To call for

n.
1. A
to challenge as a right.
demand of a right. 2. A right to
demand a title to any thing in pos;

session" of another.

The thing

3.

demanded.

[claimed.
ladi'a-ble, a. Capable of being
Claim'ant, n. One who claims.
n. A power of discerning objects not present to the

Clair- voy'axce,
senses.

Clair- voy'ant, a.
clear, and voi/ant,

[Fr.,

CLEAN

71

CTv'lL-I ZD, a. Reclaimed from savage lite and manners cultivated.

Civ'ie-iz'ee, n.
One who, or that
which, civilizes.
CTv'il-ly, adv. 1. In a civilmanner,

Clab'BER,

from

clair,

Clang.] The
loud, ringing sound made by a col[See

n.

(82),

sonorous

lision of

bodies.

v.

t.

[-ED -ing.] To cause to make a

sharp, ringing sound.
v. i. To make
a sharp, ringing noise.
Clan'nish, a. Closely united, like a
clan disposed to unite.
Clan'nish-ness, 11. Close adherence or disposition to unite.
Clan 'ship, n. A state of union as
in a family or clan.
;

Clap,

v.

the handle.

Class

[Lat. classis, from Gr.

(6), n.
KAatris, kAtjo-is, the people assembled

or called together.] 1. A group ol

individuals ranked together.
2. A
number of students pursuing the
same studies. 3. An order or divis[-E D
v t.
-ING.] To form
ion
into a class to arrange in classes.
ClXs'sk;,
la. 1. Of the first claro
Clas'sI-al, J
or rank, esp. in literature or art.
2. Pertaining to the
Greeks and Latins.
Clas'sic, ii. 1. A work of acknowledged excellence. 2. One learned i.i
the classics.
CLAS'sre-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a classic
manner. 2. According to a regular
.

[-ped; -ping.] [A.-S.

To strike with a quick
order.
To thrust, drive, or put CLAS-sTF'l,_a. Constituting a class.
To applaud, by striking Clas'si-fi-ca'tion, ii. Act of form-

t.

clappan.]

which shuts into

knife, the blade of

1.

motion.

2.

hastily.

3.

n. 1. Aloud
noise made by sudden collision. 2.
A stroke a thrust. 3. A sudden
explosion. 4. A striking of hands to
express approbation.

the hands together.

;

ClaP'"BOARD (krOVburd),

n.

strip

of board for covering tue outside of

houses.

Clap'per,

n.

1.

person

who

claps.

ing into a class or classes.

t. [-ed; -ing, 142.] [Lat.

Clas'si-fy.v.

and

classis, class,

To

facere, to

make.]

distribute into classes.

Class'mate,
same

class

Clat'ter,

One who

n.

in the

is

with another.
v. i.
[-ed: -ing.]

[D.
klateren, A.-S. clatrung, drum, ">.fcTo make rattling sounds. =--r.
t.
To strike and make a rattling
noise.
n.
repeated rattling noi.-c.
CLAUSE, n. [Lat. claudere, to shut,
to end.]
separate portion
f
1.
any writing. 2. A portion of a - tle.]

2. That which strikes, as the tongue

p. pr. of voir, to
of a bell.
A
Discerning objects which are
n.
One who discerns Clap'per-cla\v, v. t. [From clap
not present.
and claw.] To fight and scratch.
A
objects not present to the senses.
Clam, ft. [Another form of clamp.] Clap'-trap, n. A trick to gain applause.
2. pi. A kind
tence containing a finite verb ai I
1. A bivalve shell-fish.
[-ED; -ing.] [A.-S. Clare'-ob-scure', n. [Lat. clarus,
its adjunct.
v. t.
of vise.
clear, and obscurus, obscure.]
Light CLAUS'TRAL, a.
[Lat. claustrum,
To clog, as with gluticlxmian.]
and shade in painting.
lock, bar, inclosure.] Relating to a
nous matter.
cloister.
Clam'ber, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [L. Clar'et, it. [Fr. clairet, prop. dim.
of clair. clear.] A light French wine. Cea/vate,
la. [Lat. clava, club.
Ger. klempern, 0. II. Ger. c'lUmban,
Club-shaped.
chlimpan.] Toclimb with difficulty, Clar'I-FI-ca/TION, n. Act of clear- Cla'va-ted,
ing or fining.
Clav'I-CHORD, n. [Lat. clavis, ke
or with hands and feet.
1. That which
and chorda, string.] A musical i Clam'MI-ness, n. State of being Clar'i-fl'er, n.
clarifies.
2. A vessel in which clari[ous.
strument with keys and strings, now
clammy.
fication is conducted.
disused.
Clam/my, a. Soft and sticky glutinClam'OR, 11. [Lat.] Loud and con- Clar'i-fy, v. t. [-ED -ing.] [Lat. Clav'I-CEE (klav'i-kl), n. [Lat. cluvicula, dim. of clavis, key.]
clarificare, from clarus, clear, and faThe
tinued shouting or noise.
cere, to make]
To make clear; to
collar-bone.
Syx. Outcry exclamation noise

see.]

<

uproar

v.

t.

vociferation.

v.i.
1. To beas liquors.
2. To grow

defecate"; to fine.

[-ED -ING.] To salute or stun

come pure,

with noise.
v. i.
To vociferate
clear or bright.
Clar'I-ON, n.
[Lat. clarus, clear.]
to make importunate demands.
Clam'or-ous, a. Xoisy vociferous
A kind of trumpet, whose note is
[noise or words.
clearj and shrill.
turbulent.
With loud Clar'I-O-NET', n. A wind instruClam'or-ous-ly, adv.
Clamp, n. [D. klamp, fr. klampen, Clar'i-net', j ment, of the reed
;

to fasten.]
1. A piece
of timber or iron, used
to fasten work together.
2. One of a pair of movable pieces of soft materi-

v. i. [-ed
schen, klitschen.]

cover the jaws of a

vise. v.t. [-ed: -ing.]
clam P W"
To fasten with a clamp.
Clan, n. [Of Celtic origin.] 1. A
chieftain,
and beartribe under one
ing the same surname. 2. A clique.
[Lat. clandestinus, fr. clam, secretly.] Kept secret.
Syx.
Hidden secret private concealed underhand sly; fraudulent.

a.

Clang,
or, do,

Clan-des'tine-ly, adv.
v.

t.

[-ed;

See Clare-ing.] [Ger. klat-

la'ro-ob-Su'ro,ii.

Clash,

al, to

Clan-des'tine,

[obscure.

kind.

Secretly.
-ing.]
[Lat.

1. To dash noisily
together.
2. To come hr'collision
to interfere;
v. t.
To strike noisily against.
n.
1. A violent meeting of bodies. 2. Contradiction.
Clasp (6), n. 1.
catch, for holding
parts together. 2. A close embrace.
v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
[0. Eng.
elapse, Ger. klappsen, to tap, clack,
slap.]
1. To fasten with a clasp.
2.

To embrace.

Clasp'er,

n.

One who, op that

which, clasps, as a tendril.

Clasp'-knife

wolf, too, TOOK; URN, rue, pull

E,

I,

n.

(-nTf),

o, silent

large

Cla'vi-er

(kla'vi-er or klaVve-a'), v.

[Fr., fr. Lat. clavis, key.]

The

ke.\

board of a musical instrument.

CLAW,

[A.-S. clavn, cla.]

1. A
sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast. 2.
.

Any thing resembling the claw of f.a

animal.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
To
pull, tear, or scratch with claws.

Clay,

n.

[A.-S.

claeg.]

1.

soft

earth, consisting of alumina and silica, with water. 2. Earth in general

hence, the

human

Clay'-cold,
Clay'ey, a.

body.

Jles;;.

Cold as clay; lifcConsisting of clay;

abounding with clay like clay.
a.

CLAY'MORE,

[Gael, claidheamh-

n.

mdr, a broadsword, from Gael, daiilheamh, sword, and mor, great, large.
A large two-handed sword.
Clean, a. [-ER -est.] [A.-S. clxnc.\
1. Free from dirt or filth.
2. Wit'iout defects.
3. Adroit; dexterous.
|

4. Complete.
Script.) Free
(

ment.

(?,G,soft ;<>,&, hard;

adv.

5.

Sinless

pure.

from ceremonial
1.

Ag; e^ist

Quite
;

defile-

perfectly,

nojng;

this.

CLEANLINESS

v.
wholly; entirely. 2. Adroitly.
[-ED -ING.] To free from dirt.

A character to determine

t.

and pitch of the

Clean'li-ness

(klen'li-nes), n.

Freedom from dirt/

person or dress

2.

1.

Neatness of

purity.

Cleft,

(klen'ly), a. [-ER ; -EST,

[Frorn clean.]
1. Habitually

1.

An

ting.

2.

clean. 2. Innocent pure. 3. Cleansing

CLEAN'LY (klSn'iy), adv. In a clean
;

manner.

Glean'ness

State or qual(109), n.
[cleansed.
ity of being clean,
CLEAN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being
-ING.]
[A.-S.
CLEANSE, V. t. [-ED
To renclainsjan, fr. clasne, clean.]
[which, cleanses.
der clean,
Cleans/er, n. One who, or that
Clear, n. Full extent ; distance
between extreme limits.
lear,. [-er;-est.] [Lit. clams,
;

clear bright.] 1. Free from opaqueness, uncertainty, pas-ion, blemish,

2. Ahle to perguilt, obstacle, &c.
ceive clearly acute discriminating;
unbiased.
3. Easily or distinctly
adv.
1. Plainly.
heard audible.
2. Wholly; quite; entirely.
v. t.
[-ED ; -ING.] 1. To free from obscurity, perplexity, or impediment, &c.
2. To pass by, or over, without touching or failure. 3. To remove so as
to leave something unobstructed.
To clear a ship, to procure a permission to sail, and such papers as the law
;

requires.

Syn.

the position

scale.

&

from Cleave.
opening made by split-

imp.

n.

Clean'ly
L42.]

CLIP

72

p-

p.

made by

piece

splitting.

Crack; crevice; fissure; chink.

[Gr. /cAry/maTt's, from

genus of
/cA/j/xa, twig, shoot.]
climbing plants.
Clem'en-cy, n. [Lat. dementia, fr.
e'emens, mild, calm.] Disposition to
treat with lenity.
Syn. Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; mercy; gentleness; compassion.

CLEM'A-TIS,

n.

Clem'ent,

Mild in temper and

[of temper.
adv.
With mildness

a.

disposition

Clem'ent-LY,

Clench,

Sec Clinch.
or Clep-sy'dra, n.

v.t.

Clep'sy-dra,
[Gr. /cAei/niopa,

fr. ic\.enTeii>,

to steal,

An ancient kind
water.]
of clock, in which water was discharged from small apertures, as if
and v6wp,

by stealth.
lr'GY(14),.

[Gr. KAnpiKos, priest;

The whole

1.
KAj)po5, the clergy.]
body of ecclesiastics. 2.

The privilege or benefit of clergy.

exemption
of
clergy,
the
Benefit of
clergymen from criminal process before
a secular judge a privilege extended
at one time to all who could read, but
now abolished.
Clr'gy-a-ble, a. Entitled to, or
admitting, the benefit of clergy

CLERGYTo become free from clouds CLER'GY-MAN,

MEN. One of the clergy.
To become disengaged.
Clear'age, n. Act of removing any Cler'ic, n. A clerk, or clergyman.
Pertaining to the
Cler'ic,
) a. 1.
thing clearance.
clergy.
2. PertainClearance, n. 1. Act of clearing. Cler'ic-al,

1.

i.

or fog.

2.

A certificate

that a vessel has been

cleared at the custom-house.

2.

Clear'ING,
clear.

2.

1.
Act of making
n.
tract of laud cleared of

wood.

CLEAR'lNG-HOUSE,n. A place where

the accounts of different banks are
[obstruction, &c.
adjusted.
CLEAR'LY, adv. Without obscurity,
CLEAR'NESS, ii. Freedom from whatever obscures, obstructs, injures, or
defiles, &c.

ClIsar'-sight'ed

(-suVed), a.

Hav-

ing acuteness of sight.

lear'-starcii, r. ;. [-ed; -ing.]

To stiffen with starch, and then clear
by clapping with the hands.

6leat,. [Prov. Eng. dead,

to clothe.]
A narrow strip of
wood of different forms for
strengthening, fastening, or
other uses.
Cleav'age, n. Act or quality
Cleat.
of cleaving.
Cleave, r. i. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S.
closely
clifan, clifjan.]
To adhere
;

[imp. CLEFT
(CLAVE,
CLOVE, obsolescent)
p. p. CLEFT Or CLEAVED.] [A.-S.
cleo fan, clifan.] 1. To part by force
to split. 2. To open naturally
to
to

stick.

v.
obs.,

t.

divide.

Cleav'er,

butcher's instrument for cutting up meat.

LEF, n. [Lat. clavis, key.] (Mus.)
&.,

E,

I,

O,

n.

ing to a clerk or copyist.

Clerk

CLERGY.]
[06s.]

who

An educated

1.

[Eng.]

2.

See
person.

[Lat. elerievs.

(14), n.

parish officer,

church service.
An assistant in a shop or store.
llarL
in England.
Pronounced
E@~
assists in the

3.

Condition,

or

[A.-S.

a.

gleaw,

skillful,

wise.]
1. Possessing skill, dexterity,
talent, or adroitness.
2. Showing
skill or adroitness in the doer or

Kind-hearted. [Amer.]

3.

Syn. Expert

dexterous

skillful

adroit; talented.

Clev'er-ly,
ner

In a clever man-

adv.

[ing clever.
of be-

skillfully.

Clev'er-ness,
)

Quality
n.
[Eng. cleave^

n.

Clev'Y,

to fasten.] The
\
draft-iron on the end of a
cart-tongue.

Clew (klu), n.

[A.-S. cleoio

||

ball of

thread.

2.

1.

That which

guides one in any thing doubtful or

Lower corner of a
intricate.
3.
square sail, and aftmost corner of a
fore-and-aft sail.
v. t. [-ED -ING.]
To draw up to the yard, as a sail.
Click, t\ ?'. [-ed -ing.] [An onomatopoeic word.] To make a small,
sharp noise; to tick.
n. 1. A small,

Ions; 1,&,1, 6,U, Y, short;

of a client.

Cliff,
Jan,
rock

n.
[A.-S. dif, fr. cleqfan, clito cleave, split.]
high, steep

a precipice.

ClTff'y, a. liaving cliffs craggy.

Cli-mac'ter-ic, or ClIm'ac-ter';

IC, a. [(Jr. (cAi/uta/cTijpiKos, fr. (cAijua^,

a ladder.] Relating to a critical period of human life.
n. 1.
critical
period in human life.
2. Any critical period.
Grand or great climacteric, 63d year.
CLl'MATE, n. [Gr. /cAip.a, KAip-aros,
zone of the earth, fr. tcXivecv, to slope,
incline.]
Condition of a place in relation to temperature, moisture, &c.
Cli-mat'ic.
a.
Pertaining to a

Cli-mAt'I-al,

climate
or
{
limited by a climate.
ClI'ma-tize, v. t. [-ed -ing.]
accustom to a climate.

mates

cli-

ClPma-tol'o-gy,

[Gr.

n.

To

K\ifta,

zone of the earth, and Aoyos, discourse.]

The science of climates.

Cli'max,

ti.
[Gr. (cAT/uaj, ladder, fr.
KkCvetv, to bend, to lean.]
A figure
in which a sentence rises as it were
step by step in importance, force, or
dignity.
Climb (klTm), v. i. or t. [-ed -ing.]
[A.-S. climban.] To ascend by means
;

of the hands and

CLJMB'A-BLE

feet.

Capable

(kllnV-), a.

of being climbed.

[climbs.

Climb'er (kllm'er). n.
One who
Clime, n. A climate a region.
Clinch (66), v. t. [-ed -ing.] 1.

To make, or hold, fast to grasp. 2.

To confirm to establish.
n. 1. A
holding fast, or that which holds
fast.
2. A kind of knot and seizings

used to fasten a cable,

&c,

to ring-

bolts.

Clj^ch'er,

One who, or that

n.

Which, clinches.

&

Cling,

[imp.
v. ?'.
p. p. clung.]
[A.-S. clingan.]
To hold fast, especially by winding round or embracing to adhere closely.
Cling'y, a. Apt to cling; adhesive.
Clin'ic,
\a. [Gr. KAii/i/cos.fr. xAtClin'ic-al,
Pervt), couch, bed.]
taining to a bed; bed-ridden.
.
One confined to the bed by sickness.
;

Clevis,

akin to Lat. globus and glomus.]

li-ent'al. a. Pertaining to a client.

tLi'ENT-snIp, n. State or condition

office,

business of a clerk.

Clev'is,

protection of a patron. 2. One who

applies to a lawyer or counselor for
advice, direction, &c.

Scholar-like.

a.

CLERK'sinP,rc.

former.

fall-

[Lat. cliens, from cluere,

Gr. K\veii>, to hear.]
1. A Roman
citizen who put himself under the

ClErk'ly.

Clev'er,

sharp sound.
2. A small iron,
ing iuto a notched wheel.

CLi'ENT,n.

Clink,

[-ed

H
make a
n. A

-ing.]
Ger. klinkan, chlingan.] To
small, sharp, ringing sound.
sharp, ringing sound.
v.

t.

[0.

ClInk'er, n. [From clink, because it

makes a sharp and sonorous sound.]
Refuse of a furnace

vitrified

matter

ejected from a volcano.

ClIp,

v.

t.

clyppan.]

[-PED;
1.

-PING.]
[A.-S.
To cut off, as with a

single stroke of scissors.

2.

To cur-

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT} ERE, VIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM S6N.
;

CLIPPER
n. 1. A cutting; a shearing.
Product of a single suearmg.
n.

One who

1.

A kind of vessel

oppressive. 4. Reticent

[Fr.]

is

narrow

circle of persons ; a party.

WEL.OAK (20), n. [L. Lat. cloca, 0. Fr.

cioc/ie.]

2.

loose outer garment.

disguise or pretext.
v. t.
1.

[-ED -ing.] To cover with a cloak

hence, to hide.
Clock, n.
[A.-S. clucge, 0. II. Ger.
;

glocca, clocca, fr. cloccdn, to strike,

beat.]
An instrument for measuring time.
Clock'-work (-wQrk), n. Machinery and movements like those of a
clock.
Clod, n. [A.-S. dud, rock, stone.] 1.
lump of earth, turf, or clay. 2.
The ground the earth. 3.
dull,
stupid fellow.
v. i.
To collect into
concretions to clot.
Clod'dy', a.
1. Full of clods.
2.
Earthy mean gross.
Clod'-hop'PER, n. A rude, rustic
fellow
a clown a dolt.

b.
8.

Dense
Evenly
;

CLOUGH
narrow

Close communion, with Baptists, comrestricted to those who have reClose

ceived baptism by immersion.
corporation, a corporation which tills its
own vacancies, and is not open to the
public.
adv. In a close manner or state.

munion

Covetous

a.

Clo

adv.

e'ness,

n.

a chamber vessel

is

[A.-S. clUt.}
1. A patch.
n.
Center of the butt at which archers shoot. 3. Iron plate on an
4. [0. Fr. clouet, dim. of
axle-tree.
A small nail. v.t.
clou, nail.]
[-ed; -ing.] 1. To patch; to mend.
2._ To guard with an iron plate.
Clove, n. [From Lat. clavus, nail,
from its likeness to a nail.]
1. The
aromatic unexpanded flower-bud of
the clove-tree. 2. [A.-S. clufe, from
2.

nig-

stool, in which
placed, for the

sick.

Clos'et,

n.
[0. Fr., dim. of clos, an
inctosure.] 1. A small private room.
small, close apartment, in the
side of a room, for utensils, &c.

2.

owo pounds in every hundred weight,

deducting tare and tret.

In a close manner.
State of being close.

Close '-stool, n. A

v. t.\

after

gardly.

Close'ly,

Cleave,

between two hills.

An allowance of

(klol), n.

Clout,

Close'-fist'ed,

See

valley

Clough

Marked

5.

LA.-S., fr. cltofan

(kluf), n.

or clufan.

off,

That which

2.

(kleek), n.

solid

appearance of gloom.
with spots, as marble.

taciturn. 5.

Parsimonious penurious,
compact. 7. .Near.
balanced doubtful.
;

2.

Act of cutting

1.

or curtailing.
clipped off.

CLIQ ue

clips.

built for fast sailing.

lip'ping,h.

CLUMSINESS

73

tail.

2.

ClIp'PER,

cleofan, cliifan, to cleave, split.] One

of the small bulbs in the axils of the
scales of a large bulb.
Clo'ven (klo'vn), p. p. from Cleave.
Clo'ven-foot'ed (27, 108), a.

v.t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To shut up

in a closet. 2. T<t take into a private
room for consultation.

Having the
(klo'zhvjr), n. 1. A closing. Clo'ven-hoofed
foot or hoof divided into two parts.
That which closes. 3. That which
Clo'ver, n. [A.-S. clarfer.] A plant
incloses
an inclosure.
of different species.
Clot, n. [See Clod.] A concretion,
Clown, n. [Lat. colonus, husbandespecially of a soft, slimy character
man, from colere, to till.] 1. A husa coagulation. v. i. [-ted -ting,
Clod'pate. n. A stupid fellow.
bandman rustic. 2. An ill-bred man.
136.] 1. To concrete, as soft matter.
t'LOD'PAT-ED, a. Stupid; dull.
3. Buffoon in a play, circus, &c.
2. To be formed into clots.
Clog, v. t. [-ged; -ging.] [Icel. Cloth (21), it.,- pi. Cloths. [A.-S. Clown'ish, a. Of, or relating to, a
kleg^i, a compact mass.]
1. To encladh.]
1. A stuff of some fibrous
clown like a clown rude ill-bred
cumber, or load, esp. with something
[manner
material, formed by weaving. 2. A
boorish rustic.
that sticks fast. 2. To obstruct to
Clown'ish-ly, adv. In a clownish
profession, or the members of it.
Clown'ish-nEss.
Rusticity;
inchoke up. 3. To hinder to embar- Clothe, v.t. [imp. kp.p. clothed
n.
rass.
1.
civility
awkwardness.
n.
That which hinders
or CLAD
p. pr. & vb. n. CLOTH-ing]
motion. 2. A heavy shoe with a
clad/ijan.]
t.
[-ed;
FrING.] [A.-S.
1. To put Cloy, v.
[0.
doer, Fr. doner, to nail up.] To glut,
wooden sole hence, a wooden shoe.
garments upon. 2. To furnish with
raiment. 3. To cover or invest.
or satisfy to satiate to surfeit.
Syx. Load; weight; hindrance; impediment.
^Clothes (klothz, colloq. kloz), n. pi. CLtJB,. 1. [0. H. Ger. chlo/Cn chlopliun, to knock.] A heavy 8tan? r
log'gi-ness, n.
[From clcl/i.] 1. Covering for the
State of being'
piece of wood.
2. One of the four
clogged.
[adhesive.
human body. 2. Covering of a bed.
suits of cards.
3. Of uncertain orfe'LOG'GY, a. Having power to clog
Syx. Garments; dress; apparel; attire; vesture; raiment; garb.
igin.
4. An association of persons
6LOIS'TER, n. [Lat. claustr urn, from
;

Closure

2.

A Clotbes'-wring'er

claudere, to close, to shut.] 1.

covered arcade. 2.
monastic es-

tablishment.
Syx.
Monastery
nunnery; convent; abbey: priory.
Cloister "is generic, being a" place of seclusion from the
world; a monastery is usually for men
called monks; a nunnery is for women;
a convent is a community of recluses
an abbey and a priory are named from
their heads, an abbot or prior.

v.t.
a

[-ED

-ING.]

To confine

in

cloister.

Clois'tral,

a.
Pertaining
confined to, a cloister.

to,

or

See Cloak.
[-ed; -ing.]
1.
To
v. t.
bring together the parts of; to stop
to shut. 2. To bring to an end. 3.
To inclose to encompass.
v. i. 1.
to unite.
2. To
To come together
n.
1. Union
end; to terminate.
of parts; junction.
2. Conclusion;
termination
end. 3. A grapple in

LOKE,7t.

Close,

A machine

(-rmg'er), n.

for

a particular purpose.

v.

i.

1.

water from
clothes after thev have been washed.

To combine for some common object.

2. To pay an equal proportion

Cloth'IER (kloth'yer), n. 1. One

who makes cloths. [Eng.] 2. One
who sells cloth. 3. One who dresses

of a common expense.
v. t. [-bed
-bing.] To unite for the accomplishment of a common end.
Cl t 'b'-fo"ot (27), n. A short, deformed foot.
Club'-foot'ED, a. Having deformed or crooked feet.
[by a club.
Club'-HOUSE, n. A house occupied

for pressing

or fulls cloth.

[Amer.]

Cloth'ing,
clothes

CloTj'ty,

n. Garments in general
dress.
a. Full of clots.

Cloud,

[Prob. from A.-S. dud, a

n.
rock or hillock, as clouds often resemble rocks or hillocks.] 1. Visible
vapor suspended in the atmosphere.
2. A mass of smoke, thing dust, &c.
3. A dark spot, as in marble.
4. A

Club'-LAW,

n.
clubs, or_violence.

Government
[a

by

club meets.

Club'-room, n. Apartment in which

Cluck, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.

To
cloccan, \V. dorian, chorion.]
threatening asmake the noise of a brooding hen.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To LUE,n.
[See Clew.] 1. A ball of
overspread with clouds. 2. To render
thread.
2. Any thing serving to
dark. 3. To variegate with colors.
guide or direct. 3. One of the two
CLOUD'-CAPT, a. Capped with clouds.
lower corners of a square-sail.
CLOUD'l-LY,/7cfa\ Darkly; obscurely. Clump, n. [Tcel. Mumpr, fr. the root
Cloud'i-ness, n.
State of being
klimpa, preserved in M. II. Ger.
wrestling. 4. An inclosed place. 5.
cloudy.
[unclouded.
kl Imp fen, to press together.]
1. A
Narrow passage fr. a street to a court. Cloud'less, a.
"Without a cloud
shapeless mass. 2. A cluster of trees
Close (klos, 20), a. [-er -est.] Cloud'y, a. [-ER -est, 142.] 1.
or shrubs.
[Lat. clausus, p. p. of dnudere, to
Obscured with clouds
clouded. 2. Clum'i-ly, adv. Awkwardly.
shut.] 1. Shut fast; closed. 2. ConLacking clearness or brightness. 3. CLUM'SI-NESS, ii.
Quality of being
fined secret retired. 3. Stagnant
Not easily understood. 4. Having the
clumsy.
;

dark,

lowering, or

pect. v.

t.

OR, do,

WOLF, TOO, ToTbK; URN, RUE, PULL;

E,

I,

O, silent

C,G,sq/2; ,&,hard; As; e^IST;

J[

as

ng; THIS.

CLUMSY

COCKLE

LtJM'Y,a. [-ER; -est, 142.] [From

clump.] l. Withoutgrace unhandy.
;

Ill-made
ClOng, imp.
2.

badly constructed.
& (/. p. of Cling.

grow up.] 1. To grow

together. 2. To unite in society.
Go'A-LES'^El^E, n. Act of coalesto

alescere,

copulare, to couple, join.]

mend coarsely, as shoes. 2.

1.
To
To make

or do bunglingly.

cing union.
[gether uniting. 6b'bler, n. 1. A mender of shoes.
1. A number Go'a-lesjcent,
a.
Growing
to2. A clumsy workman. 3. A beverage
same kind together. tOAL'-HEAV'ER, n. One who disof wine, sugar, lemon, and ice finely
2. A crowd, v. i. [-ed
-ING.] To
charges coal from ships.
broken up.
grow in clusters to gather or unite 6'a-li'tion (-Hsh'un), n. 1. Union 6b'le, n. [A.-S. cuople.] A boat
in a mass.
in a body or mass. 2. A temporary
used in the herring fishery.
ClOs'ter-y, a. 1. Growing in cluscombination of parties, or states.
CoB'WEB, n. [From cob, 3, and ire b.
ters.
2. Full of clusters.
1. A spider's web or net.
2. Any
Syn. Alliance: confederation; confederacy; league; conspiracy.
SlCtch, v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Akin
snare.
to Ger. kluppe, 0. II. Ger. chlvppa, Coal'-MEAS'URE (-mezh'ur), n. pi. o-agne' (kok-anO, n.
[From It.
claw, tongs.]
cucca, dainties, sweet-meats, fr. Lat.
1. To seize, or gi-ipe
Strata of coal with the attendant

ClOs'ter,

n.

[A.-S.]

of things of the

with the hand.

to

clinch.

snatch.

n.

To close tightly
rocks
To catch; to oal'-pit,

2.
i.

A gripe

grasp.

2.

A projecting piece of machinery, for

connecting shafts. 3. pi. The hands
hence, power; rapacity.
lut'ter, n. [Cf. 0. Sw. kluttra, to
quarrel, W. cluder, heap, pile.]
A
confused collection confusion dis:

order.
[-ed
-ING.]
To
v. t.
crowd together in disorder.
v. i.
To make a bustle, or fill with confu-

sion.

Clyp'e-ATE,

a. [Lat. clypevs, clipeus,

like a round shield.
n. [Gr. KA.vcrTrjpandKA.uo-fcAvfJei]/, to wash out.]

Shaped

shield.]

Glys'TER,
Trjpioi/, fr.

liquid substance injected into the

lower intestines with a syringe.
[Lat. conchula, dim.
(20), n.
of concha, muscle-shell, vessel.] A
large, close, four-wheeled carriage.
oach'-box, n. Seat on which the
driver of a coach sits.
[a coach.
5ach'man (150), n. One who drives

dug.

made.

n.
[Lat. coactio, fr. coactere, to force.] Force; compulsion.
o-aT'ive, a. 1. Serving to com-

pel or constrain.
currence.

o-AD'JU-TANT,
a.

2.

or

Acting in con-

Go/AD-JU'TANT,

Mutually assisting or operating.

CcVad-ju'tor, n. 1. One who

another. 2. One empowered to
form

aids
per-

th_e.duties of another.

eo-AG'U-LA-BLE,
0-AG'U-LATE, V.

[ing coagulated.
a.
Capable of be-

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

[Lat. coagulare, from cogerf, to drive

together.]
To cause to change into

COAST,

costa,

[Lat.

n.

rib,

Margin of the land next

side.]

to the sea

To

Coastino trade, trade carried on bedifferent ports of the same conntry, as distinguished from foreign trade.

tween

Coast'ER,

perron or trading
n.
vessel that sails along a coast.

oast'wise,

adv.

By way

or

of,

along, the coast.

oat

[L. Lat. cola, cotta,

n.
cottus, tunic, mattress.] J. An outer

(20),

2. An external covering, as the hair of a

beast.
3. A layer of any substance

garment worn by men.

covering another. 4. That on which

ensigns armorial are portrayed.
v.
t.
[-ED -ING.] To cover with a

coat with short flaps.

n.
n. 1. Any substance used
as a cover. 2. Cloth for coats.

oax

(20), v.

[-EB; -ing.] [Cf.

W. coeg, empty,

t.

0. Eng. cokes, fool,

foolish.]

To persuade by a

insinuating

gentle,

courtesy, flattering, or

K,

6,

tJ,

6ch'I-neae,

7i.
[Dim. of Lat. roccum, Gr. kokkos, berry.] A d^e-sturff
consisting of dried insects, found on
the cactus.

6gh'le-a-RY,
6ch'LE-ATE,
Goeil'LE-A'TED,

kox^w.

[Gr.

a.

)
j,

from koxAos, a

shell-fish

O, U, Y, long; X, ,

with a

I,

delight

Gr. kokkos, a berry, and \aX.ferrt. to

bear.]
Producing berries.

sail

I, E,

luxury, and

spiral shell.]
[-ED -ING.] 1.
Having the form of a
v. i.
snail-shell
spiral
turbinated.
by or near a coast. 2. To slide
6CK, n. [A.-S. coc, or cocc] 1. Male
down a hill on a sled. [Amer.]

sea-shore,

a curd-like state.
To underfondling.
v. i.
go coagulation to curdle.
CoB,n. [A.-S. cop or copp, Gr. Kv^-q.]
Go-ag'u-la'TION, n. Act of curdling.
1. Top or head
hence, that which
2. A lump or
eo-AG'U-LA-TIVE, a. Having the
is large, round, &c.
power to coagulate.
piece of any thing. 3. A spider. 4.
Co-ag'u-la'tor, n.
That which
A short-legged and stout variety of
causes coagulation.
horse. [Eng.] 5. The spike on which
Co-ag'u-lum, n. [Lat.] A coaguthe grains of maize grow. [Amer.]
lated mass, as curd.
g'balt, n. [M. H. Ger. kobolt, gob^Coal, n. [A.-S. col or coll. akin to
lin, Gr. /co/3aA.os, knave
because a
Lat. calere, to be hot.]
1.
Wood
poisonous metal and troublesome to
charred charcoal. 2. A combustible
miners.] A metal of a reddish-gray
substance, found embedded in the
color, brittle and difficult of fusion.
earth.
v.t.
[-EB -ING.] 1. To o-EALT'l, a. Pertaining to cobalt.
burn to coal. 2. To supply with coal. 6b'ble, n. See Coble.
v. i.
To take in coal.
[is dug.
Gob'ble
W20),. [Erom cob,
G'OAL'ER-Y, n. A place where coal 6b'ble-stone
A rounded
2.]
GO'A-LESOE' (-leV), V. i.
[-ED
fragment, as of stone, coal, &c.
-ING.] [Lat. coalescere, from con and Gob'ble, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

idleness,

edges of the hatches.

[-er; -est.] 1. Large
a.
in bulk, or composed of large parts.
2. Not refined or nice
rude.
'oarse'ly, adv. Without fineness
or refinement.
[being coarse.
6arse'NESS, n. Quality or state of

coat.

n.

)i.

ciate,

[holding coal.

Coarse,

A female assistant. Goat-ee',

An assistant or asso- t'OAT'ING.

Go'ad-ju'trix,

o-A'GENT,

[Amer.]

is

is

term applied to London and its

Coal'-scut'tle, n. A utensil for
suburbs.
COAL'Y, a. Pertaining to, or like coal.
Coam'ings, n. pi. Raised borders or o-CiF'ER-OOS, a. [Lat. coccum

oach

!o-A'TION,

1. A pit where coal

place where charcoal

n.

2.

coquere, to cook because the houses

were thought to be covered with
cakes.]
An imaginary country of
;

v.
1.

, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

of birds.

2.

vane

a weathercock

A spout to let out liquids. 4. Pait

of the lock of a fire-arm. 5. A small
v.t. [-ED:
conical pile of hay.
-ING.] 1. To set erect. 2. To turn
up the brim of. 3. To place jauntily
4. To set up
or pertly on the head
in small conical piles, as hay. 5. 'io
draw back the cock, in order to fire.
3.

COCK-ADE',

from coo,

n. [Fr. cocarde,

cock, from its resemblance to the

a cock.] A knot of ribbens
worn on the hat, as a badge.

crest of

6ck'A-too', n. [Malayan kakatita.]

A bird of the parrot kind.
6ck'a-trk,E, n. The basilisk; a
fabulous serpent, produced from a
cock*s egg brooded by a serpent.
A small boat of a
n.

Cock'-BOAT,
ship.

Cock'-chaf'er, n. An insect.
ock'-KO\v,
)n. The time at
Cock'-crow'ing,
which cocks
)

crow

early morning.

Cock'er,

[-ed; -ing.] [Prov.

Eng. to crow like a cock, to boast
hence, to be wanton.] To fondle to
indulge to pamper.
r.

(.

A young cock.

Gock'er-el,

n.

'6ck/et, n

A custom-house certifi-

cate.

-eocK'-FiGHT
eocK'-FiGHT/JNG
-Gock'-HORSE,

6ck'LE

n.
(kok'l),

A conof game-

(-lit), n.

test

cocks,

A
n.

[horse.
child's roeking[A.-S. coccel,

or code.] 1. A weed that grows

corn. 2. The darnel. 3. [Gr
muscle or cockle.] A
kind of bivalve shell-fish with a corrugated shell.
v. i.
To contract
into wrinkles.
cocci,

among

icoyxv\iov. a

ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM

SON.

COCKLE-STAIRS
ock'le-stairs
or spiral

(4),
re.

6ck'ney, n. ; pi. gock/neys,. [Cf.

Cocagne.] A resident of London.
6ck'ney-ism, re. Qualities, manners, or dialect of a cockney.

6ck'pit,
cocks

1.

figlit.

2.

An area where game-

room

in a ship

under the lower gun-deck.

Cock'roach,

re.

Avery troublesome

houses and ships.

(-kom), re. 1. The caruncle or comb of a cock. 2. A fop.
eocK'swAlN (colloq. kok'sn), re. The
person who steers or pulls the after
oar in a boat.
insect, inl'e-ting

6cks'OMB

Go'coa
[Sp.
1.

(ko'ko),

n.
Pg. coco.]

and

market.
;

thrust in, by deception. 3. /To furv. i.

To deceive
nish with cogs.
re.
[Cf. W.
to cheat
to wheedle.
cog, a short piece of wood, cog of a
wheel.] A projection on a wheel, by
which it receives or imparts motion.

o'gen-cy,
ing

a.

pulsory,
Cocoa-tree.

Power of constrain-

urgency

force.
;
a.
[Lat. cogens, p. pr. of
cogere, to force.] Having great, force
not easily resisted.
Syx. Forcible; powerful; weighty.
;

Act or pro- GoG'I-TA-BLE,

Capable of being

a.

made the subject of thought.

Compelling: com- 6G'i-tate, v. i. [-ED; -ING.]

cess of compelling

o-Er'CIVE,

re.

Co'&ENT,

Capable of being,

a.

(14, 63), n.

or deserving to be, coerced.

o-r'cion

6&,v. t. [-ged; -ging.] [Cf. Coax.]

1. To wheedle
2. To
to deceive.

o-r'ci-ble,

lies

chrysalis state.

inclosed. 2. Hollow part of a horse's

hoof.
3. (Print.) A wooden frame
inclosing the stone on which forms
are imposed.
v. t. [-EB -ING.] To
inclose in a coffin.
6f'fle (kof'fl), re.
[Ar. kafala,
caravan.] A gang of slaves going to

cocon, fr. Lat. concha, muscle-shell.]

1. A case in which
its

water.

6f'fin, re. [See Coffer.] 1. The

case in which a dead human body is

also gained a positive sense, that of

driving forward or compelling, as, to coerce the performance of a contract.

age made from the

crushed kernels of
the chocolate tree.
[Fr.
fio-COON', 7i.

in

now

A bever-

the silk-worm

<^E'LI-A, j
koi/Wko?, from /coiAi'a,
belly.] Pertaining to the belly, or to
the intestinal canal.
o-EIP'T!ON (82), re. [Lat. coemptio,
Act of
fr. con and emere, to buy.]
purchasing the whole quantity.
o-e'QUAL, a. Of the same rank,
One who is
dignity, or power.
n.
equal to another.
o / -e-qual'i-ty, re. Equality in
rank, dignity, or power.
o-rce' (14), v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. coercere, fr. con and arcere, to
shut up.] To ^.strain by force to
constrain to repress.
Syn.
To compel.
Coerce had at
first only the negative sense of cheeking
or restraining by force, as, to coerce subjects within the bounds of law it has

palm-tree pro-

cacao.]

letters or quantities, to
show how often they are to be taken.
[Lat. cozliacus, Gr.
C<E'LI-Ae, ) a.

and abutments in deep

tion of piers

put before

ducing the cocoanut. 2. [Corrupted

fr.

COGNOVIT

75

Winding

[room.
Top-loft; upper

_-tairs.

6ck'-loft(21),

n. pi.

restraint.

[the

same

[Lat.
cogitare, to think, from con and agitare, to agitate.]
To. engage in continuous thought to reflect.

essence.

<y-ES-SEN'TlAL, a. Partaking of
-ecVE-TA'NE-ous, a. [Lat. coxtantus,
from con and sstas, age.] Of the same -Gog'I-TA'TION, re. Act of thinking
thought: meditation; contemplation.
age beginning to exist at the same
;

Case constructed by any insect to

contain its larva.

2.

o-eooiv'ER-Y, re. A place for silk1. Pertaining to

time.
[nal. eoG'i-TA/TivE, a.
worms, when forming cocoons.
the power of thinking. 2. Given to
<y-E-TR'?fAL (14). a. Equally eter[Lat.
coct
His,
from co- t'o'-E-TfiR'Ni-TY, re. Equal eternity
thought contemplative.
G6e'TILE,a.
quere, to bake.] Made by baking.
Gog'nate, a. [Lat. cognatus, fr. con
with another.
and gnatus, p. p. of nasci, anciently
o'tion, n. 1. Act of "boiling. 2. Co-e'val, a. [Lat. coxvus, fr. sevum,
gnasci, to be born.] 1. Allied by
Alteration experienced by morbific
life-time, age.]
Of the same age.
blood or birth. 2. Kindred in origin,
matter before elimination.
re.
One of the same age.
[A.-S. codd, small bag.] Co'-ex-ist', v. i. [-ed; -ING.] To
formation, &c.
n.
t>OD, re.
One of a number of things allied in origin.
1. Any envelope
exist at the same time.
Relation by
containing seeds;
1
<V-ex-ist'e:nce, re. Existence at og-na'tion, re.
descent from the same original
2. The
a pod.
the same time with another.
kindred.
2.
Participation of the
scrotum. 3. [Ger.
CC-EX-i'sT'ENT, a. Existing at the
Cod.
same nature.
gadde.]
A fish
same time with another.
inhabiting the northern seas.
o'-EX-TEND', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] og-nPtion (-nish/un), re. 1. Act of
knowing, by any means. 2. An ob6d'dle, v. t. [-ed;-i.\g.] [Prob.
To extend through the same space
ject known.
fr. Lat. coquere, to cook.]
with another.
1. To par[sion.
boil. 2. To treat with tenderness.
Co'-EX-TEN'SION, re. Equal exten- Gog'NI-ZA-BLE (kog-m-za-bl or kon'ode, re. [Lat. codex, or caudex, stock <y-EX-TEN'siVE, a. Equally exl-za-bl), a.
1.
Capable of being
known. 2. Fitted to be a subject of
of a tree, tablet of wood, hence, book,
tensive.
;

writing.]
A collection,
digest of- laws.

system, or

scrip, bag, or a corruption

tager.]
covetous or mean

of cotperson
;

a rustic a clown a miser.

6d'I-CIL, re. [Lat. codicillus, dim.
of cod^x.] _ A supplement to a will.
o'di-fi-A'tion, re. Act of reducing
;

laws to a code or svstem.

-ED; -ING, 142.] [Lat.
GO'DI-FY.
codex, code, and facere, to make.] To
reduce to a code, as laws.
eoD'Li.x,
n.
A kind of cooking
)

God'ling,

[ciency.
6'-ef-fi'cien-cy, re.
Joint efho<-ef-fPcient' (-fish'ent, 63), a.
Acting in union to the same end.
I

Oof'fee,

judicial investigation.

[At.

n.

eoG'NI-ZANCE

qahuah, or qahoeh,

Co'DEX, 7i. ; pi. OJ}'l-pE^. [Lat.

See Code.] A manuscript a code.
6d'ger, . [Either from A.-S codd,

apple.

wine,

The
tree

coffee.]

1.

berries of a
growing in the

re.

ent.

warm

climates of
Coffee.
Asia and America.
2. A drink made from the roasted
berry of the coffee-tree.
6f'fee-house, re. A house of entertainment,
[grinding coffee.
6f'FEE-m'jll, re. A small mill for
GofTee-pot, re. A covered pot in

which

(kog'ni- or kou'i-),

1. Knowledge or notice.
2. Judicial
knowledge or jurisdiction.
3. Acknowledgment or confession. 4. A
badge worn by a retainer or depend-

which the Turks

pronounce qahveh,

coffee is boiled.
?j. [Gr. k6^)ivo5. basket.] 1.

6f'fer,

6g'ni-ZANT
zant), a.

(kSg'ni-zant or kSn'T-

Having knowledge.

6g'ni-zee'

(kog'- or kon'-),

re.

One

to whom a fine of land is acknowledged.

6&'M-ZOR' (kSg/- or kon'-), n. Ono
who acknowledges the right of tho
plaintiff in a fine
the defendant.
;

-og-xo'men, re. [Lat.] Asurname;

family name of an individual among

chest for money. 2. A hollow

the ancient Romans.
work across a dry moat.
og-nom'i-nal, a. Pertaining to a
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] To place in a coffer.
surname.
[ing known.
re.
1. That which unites in action of'fer-Dam, re.
A water-tight box og-nos'CI-ble, a. Capable of beof timber used in laying the founda- to g-no'vit, n.
with something else. 2. A number
[Lat., he acknowl-

6r, do,

wqef, too, to"ok; urn, rue, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

c, g, soft; , G, hard;

As; exist; n as

ng

th:--

COG-WHEEL
iffs claim.

old,

[-ER; -est.] [A.-B. cald,

ceald, Icel. caldr, from Icel. kala, to
blow cold.] Wanting warmth, phys
ical or moral.
Syn. Bleak; frigid; chill; indiffer-

[or teeth.

Bog'-wheel,

n.

wheel with cogs

[-ED;-ING.] Lat.
cohabilare, from con and habitare, to
To live together as husband
dwell.]
v.

COLLISION

76

edges] An acknowledgment by a
defendant of the justice of a plaint-

o-HAB'lT,

i.

ent

spiritless

reserved

coy.
2.

Sen-

6ld'-bl6od'ed
out

ol-la'tor, n. One who collates.

-Col/league, n.
[Lat, colkga, one
chosen at the same time with anothOne united with another in
some office a partner or associate.
OL-LET', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
er.]

Absence of warmth.

1.

sation of chilliness or chillness. 3. A

disorder produced by cold a catarrh.

and wife.
Co-hab'IT-a'TION,

State of livn.
ing together as man and wife.
So-heir/ (ko-aV, 13), n. A joint-

n.

a.

sensibility

With-

(-bind'-), a.

hard-hearted.

con and legere,

to bring
a consequence.
v. i.
1. To accumulate2. To infer; to conclude. [<-ive prayer.
colligere, collectum, fr.

to gather.]
1. To gather
together.
2. To infer as

[heiress. Cold'ly, adv.

heir,
In a cold manner.
<36l'LET, n. A short, comprehen
Go-heif/ess (ko-aVes), n. A joint- old'ness, n. Quality of being cold. 6l'LE-ta'NE-a, n. pi.
[Lat.,
CO-HERE', U. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. Cole, n. [Lat. colis, caulis, Gr. kovthings collected.]
Passages selected
coh&Kn, from con and hserere, to
A6?, stalk of a plant, cabbage-stalk,
from various authors.
cabbage.]
A plant of the cabbage 6l/lec-ta'ne-oOs, a. Collected.
stick, adhere.] I. To stick together.
2. To follow regularly in the natural
family.
ol-leT'ed, a.
Self-possessed
order.
o'LE-6p'TER-AL,
a. [Gr. /coAeoVcomposed.
cool
o-h:Er'ENCE, )n. 1. A sticking or to'LE-OP'TER-otis,
repos, sheath- ol-lET'ed-ness, n.
A self-poso-HEV. en-CY, } cleaving together.
winged.] Having wings covered with
sessed state of the mind, [ing collected.
2.
Su table connection or dependa case or sheath, as the beetles.
ol-LET'i-ble, a. Capable of beence.
ole'-wort (-wflrt), n. A cabbage ol-LE'tion, n. 1. Act of collect4

o-HJJJ,7ENT,

a. 1. Sticking together.
cut young.
2. Consistent,
[manner. Col'IO, n.
[Gv. KtoXiK-q (sc. 5ia0e<rt?,
o-H/;r:'ENT-LY, adv. In a coherent
state, illness), from its being seated
o-he'kion, n. [See Cohere.] 1.
in the colon and parts adjacent.] An
Act of sticking together. 2. A state
acute pain in the abdomen or bowels.

of connection or dependence.
Go- he 'si ve, a. Having the power of
sticking.

[ing cohesive.
n.
Quality of be[Lat. cohort. See COURT.]

o-he'slve-ness,

6'h6rt,.
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A body

of about

6l/ick-Y,

2.

That which

COL-LAB'O-RA'TOR,

n.
[From Lat.
collaborare, fr. con &ndlaborare , to labor.]
associate in labor a coworker an assistant.
ol-lapse', v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
;

collected.

is

3.

A contribution.

An assembly
Syn.
group crowd meeting
;

compilation

;
;

assemblage

mass

heap

;
;

selection.

ol-LET'i VE

Pertaining to colic.
C6l'i-se'um,_)i. See Colosseum.
a.

An

ing.

a.

1.

Formed by

gathering.
2.
Deducing
consequences.
3. Expressing an aggregate of individuals,
[crbody.
OL-LET'ivE-EY, adv. In a mass

OL-LET'OR,

n.

1.

One who

collects

2.
An officer to collect
or gathers.
collapsum, from con and labi,
duties, taxes, or toll.
to fall, slide.]
To fall together sud- ol-LET'or-shIp, \ n.
Office of a
denly, as the sides of a hollow ves- OL-LET'OR-ATE, )
collector of
cap.
[dress.
sel.
customs or taxes.
n. 1. A falling together sudioOIF'fure, n. [See Coif.] A head[Lat. collegium,
denly. 2. A sudden failing of the CoL'LEGE (47), n.
SOIGNE (koin), n. [See QUOIN.] 1.
vital powers.
1. A collecfr. colligere, to collect.]
An external angle a corner-stone. eoi>-LAP'siON, n. A state of falling
2. An estabtion or society of men.
2. A wedge.
together, or shrinking up.
lishment for students who are acquiroOlL, v. t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat. collig- 6l'lar, n. [Lat. collum, neck.] 1.
ing the languages and .'ciences.
ere, from con and legere, to gather.]
Something worn round the neck. 2. ol-le'Gi-al, a. Relating to a colTo wind in rings, as a rope.
[college.
A ring or cincture. v. t. [-ED
lege,
n.
Ring, or rings, into which a rope or
-ing.] 1. To seize by the collar. 2. ol-LE'GI-an, n.
A member of a
other like thing is wound.
ol-le'GI-ATE, a. Pertaining to, or
To put a collar on.
COIN, n. [Lat. cuneus, wedge.] 1. A 6l'lar-b6ne, n. The clavicle; a
resembling, a college.
n.
A memcorner or external angle. 2. A piece
ber of a college.
bone shaped like the markc--}, conof metal stamped, making it legally
the
breast-bone
and
Col/let,
[Lat.
collum,
necting
the
n.
neck.]
current as money.
[-ed:
shoulder-blade.
v. t.
That part of a ring in which the
-ING.]
To stamp and convert OL-LATE', V. t. [-ED -ING]. [Lat.
1.
stoneis set.
into money. 2. To make or fabricate.
[Lat. collidere, fr. con
conferre, collatum. fr. con and ferre, oL-LIDE',r.
oin'age, n. 1. Act of coining. 2.
latum, to bear.] 1. To compare critand Isedere, to strike.] To strike or
ically. 2. To see that the signatures
Money coined. 3. Formation indash against each other.
vention fabrication.
run consecutively, as of sheets gath- 6ll'ier (kobyer), n. [From coal.]
2. A dealer in
Co'in-cide', v. i. [-ed;-ing.] [L.
ered for binding. 3. To present and
1. A digger of coal.
Lat. coincidere, fr. Lat. con and inciinstitute in a benefice.
coal.
3. A vessel employed in the
dere, to fall on.] 1. To fall together
ol-lat'er-al, a. [L. Lat. collater[coal is dug.
coal trade.
to agree in position.
2. To correalis,fr. con and lateralis, lateral.]
1. oll'IER-y (kobyer-), n. Place where
spond to be identical.
indirect. 6l/L,I-MA'TION, . [Lat. collimare,
Subordinately connected
o-in'ci-dence, n. Act or result of
to aim, for collimare, fr. con and tin2. Descending from the same ancesAct of leveling
n.
tare, fr. linea, lice.]
coinciding agreement concurrence.
tor, but not one from the other.
<3o-lN'<;i-DENT, a.
relation
2.
Security
Having coinciA
collateral
1.
or of directing the sight to a fixed
dence agreeing corresponding.
in addition to a principal promise or
object.
Coin'er, n. 1. One who makes coin.
bond.
6i/l,i-ma / tor, n.
A telescope to
2. An inventor.
ol-lXt'er-al-ly, adv. In a collatdetermine errors of collimation.

five or six

hundred

soldiers.

2.

Any

band of warriors.
<3oiF, n. [0. H. Ger. kuppa, kuppha,
miter.] A covering for the head a

collabi,

?'.

o-i'TION
fr. coire,

(-ish'un), n.
[Lat. coitio,
to come together.]
Sexual

intercourse.

tOKE,

n.
[Akin to cook and cake.]
Mineral coal charred.
n. [Lat. colum, a strainer.
A vessel with little holes in the

C6l'AN-der,
)

bottom
A, e,

I,

for straining liquors.

o,

y, long; X, ,

1,

eral manner or relation.

OL-LIN'GUAL (-llljg'gwal, 82), O*
Pertaining to the same language.
ol-la'tion, n. 1. Act of bringing
together and comparing. 2. Act of ol-lJq/ue -FACTION, n. [Lat. col-

conferring or bestowing. 3. Presentation of a clergyman to a benefice

by a bishop,
i. An unceremonious
[collation.
repast or lunch.
ol-la'TiVE, a. Passing or held by

6, v, y, short

cAre, far, ask, all,

what

liquefacere, to melt, from con and liqufre, to be liquid, and facere, to

make.] A melting of different bodies
into one mass.

ol-lis/ion,

n.

[See

Collide.]

ERE, VEIL, TfiRM pique firm

;

1.

son,

COLLOCATE
striking together, as of two hard
bodies. 2.
state of opposition.

Sy^.

Conflict;

fOL'LO-CATE,

clashing; encounter.

V.

[-ED;

t.

[Lat. collocare, from con

to place. ]_ To set or place

Coi/LO-CA'TION,
placing.

-ING.]

and
;

locate,
to station.

2.

placed with something

else.

Gol-LO'DI-ON,

A strongly

n.
[Gr. KoAAa, glue.]
adhesive solution of gun-

cotton in ether.

6l/LOP,
cuff.]

n.

1.

[Gr.

buffet,

*coAa4>os,

small slice of meat.

2.

any thing.
ol-lo'qui-AL, a.
Pertaining to
piece of

common

conversation.

ol-lo'qui-al-Im,

A colloquial

n.

form of expression.

ol-lo'QUI-AL-ly, adv. By mutual

conversation.

[alogue.

<36l/LO-QUlST, n. A speaker in a
CojL'lo-QUY, n. [Lat. colloquium,

Mutual

colloqui, to converse.]

difr.

dis-

course of two or more.

Syn.
Conference dialogue.
OL-L(JnE',t).i. [-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.
colludere, fr. con and ludere, to play.]
To conspire in a fraud to act in

concert.

ol-LU'ION, n. A secret agreement

and co-operation for a fraudulent
purpose.
Syn.
Connivance.
In connivance,
one overlooks and thus sanctions what
he was bound to prevent in collusion,
he unites with others for fraudulent pur-

poses.

The connivance

men

of public

at

is wrong is often the result of the

base&tcollusion.
ol-LU'sive, a. Fraudulently concerted; deceitful.

what

OL-LU'sivE-l,Y,arfy.

ol-lu'sIve-ness,

By

collusion.

The quality

n.

of being collusive.

ol-lu'so-ry,
collusion

eoi/o-NY, n.

a.

Characterized by

collusive.

-oL-LU'ri-E, n. sing. & pi. [Lat.,

from con and luere, to wash.]
A
mixed mass of refuse matter filth.
6l/LY, n. [From coal.] The black
grime of coal or burnt wood.
v. t.
[ED -ing, 142.] To render black,
;

as if with coal smut.

(ko-lonO,?!.
perfumed
liquid used in the toilet
originally
made in Cologne.
o'lon, n. [Gr. kwAov.] 1. Largest
point
of the large intestines. 2.
[:], marking a pause greater than
;

a semicolon.
(kur'nel), n.
[Fr. colonel,
Sp. coronel, from Lat. columna, column.] Chief commander of a regiment of troops.
olonel-cy ) (kur'nel-), n. Office,
Colonel-shIp {
rank, or
commission of a colonel.

cunning;

a pigeon-house.
o-Li)M/BI-AD, n. [From Columbia^
or the United States.] A species of
heavy cannon.

6e'UM-BINE,

[Lat. columbinus,
n.
fr. columba, dove
from
the beak-like spurs of its flowers.] A
genu* of plants.
6l/U-MEli'LA, n. [Lat., dim. of colwnen, columna, column.] An axis
to which a carpel of a compound pis"
publication, &c.
til may be attached.
6i/o-pho/ny, or o-loph'o-ny,
[From Colophon.] The dark-col- 6i/umn (kol'um), n. [Lat. columna,
n.
fr. cellere, Gr. Ke'AAeiv, to urge, exored resin obtained by the distillatend upward.] 1. A cylindrical suption of turpentine.
port for a roof, ceiling, &c. a pillar.
6i/or (ktil'ur), n. [Lat.] 1. A
2. Any upright, cylindrical body.
3.
property of light, in consequence of
A body of troops in files with a narwhich differences in the appearance
row front. 4. (Naut.) A body of
of objects are apprehended by the
ships arranged in a line. 5. A pervision.
2. Any hue or tint as dispendicular set of lines.
tinguished from white.
3. Paint
pigments. 4. False show; pretense. Co-lCm'nar, a. Formed in columns
having the form of columns.
5. pi. A flag, ensign, or standard.
1. To change the o-eure', n.; pi. 0-LURE'.
[Gr.
v. t. [-ED -ING.]
so named
KoAoupos, dock- tailed
hue or tint of to dye. 2. To palliate
because a part is always beneath the
To turn red to
v. i.
to excuse.
horizon.] One of two great circles
blush.
6i/or-a-ble, a. Designed to cover
intersecting at right angles in the
poles of the equator.
or conceal specious plausible.
6l'OR-A-BLY, adv.
Speciously
Cd'MA, n. [Gr. nCipa, lethargy.] A
[of coloring.
morbid propensity to sleep lethargy.
plausibly.
<36l/OR-A'TION, n.
Act or practice JO'MATE, a. [Lat. comatus, fr. coma,
hair.]
<56l,'ORED (kfll'urd), a.
1. Having
Hairy.
color. 2. Having a specious or plausi- ^O'MA-TOSE',
a. Relating to coma ;
Co'MA-TOUS, ) drowsy lethargic.
ble appearance.
Colored people, black people negroes, OMB (kom), n. [Prob. fr. A.-S. cam\
mulattoes, &c.
a valley or hollow.]
The cells in
6l/OR-lF're (kill'-), a.
[Lat. color,
which bees store their honey.
6mb
camb, Icel
to
make.]
Communi(kom,
[A.-S.
and facere,
20), n.
kambr.] 1. An instrument for sepa
cating or producing color.
rating and adjusting hair, wool, &c
6i/or-1st, n. One who excels in
3. Top,
giving color to his designs.
2. Crest on a cock's head.
6l'or-less, a. Destitute of color.
v.t.
[-ED
or crest, of a wave.
a.
o-L,6s'SAL,
-ING.] To disentangle, cleanse, and
Of enorwith
a
white
6l/os-se'an (124), J
mous size
adjust.
v. i. To break
[Vespasian in Rome.
foam.
gigantic.
eol/OS-SE'UM, n. Amphitheater of 6m'bat, v. i.
[-ed; -ing.] [Fr.
combattre, from com and battre, to
o-l6s'sus, n. ; Lat. pi. eo-Lds'si;
strike, beat.]
Eng. pi. 0-L6s'sus-Eg. [Lat. Gr.
To struggle or contend, as with an opposing force.
Kokoao-os ] A gigantic statue.
6i/p6rt-age, n. Distribution of
to contend
v. t.
To fight with
religious books, tracts, &c.,by colagainst.
n.
1. A struggle to resist
porteurs.
or conquer.
2. A military engage6l'p6rt-eur, ) n. [Fr. colporteur,
ment of no great magnitude.
6l/PdRT-ER, J fr. col, neck, and
Single combat, a combat with one on
either side a duel.
porter, to carry.] One who peddles
6m/bat-ant, a. Contending disreligious tracts and books.
posed to contend.
n. One who en6l/staff (6), n.
[Lat. collum,
gages in combat.
neck, and Eng. staff-] A staff for
carrying burdens by two persons on !6M'BAT-lVE,a. Disposed to combat.
6m'bat-Ive-ness, n. Disposition
their shoulders.
to contend.
6lt (20), n. [A.-S., prob. akin to
(kom'er), n.
1. One who
6mb'er
collen, swelling, audacious.]
Young
combs. 2. A long, curling wave.
of the horse kind.
/ a-BEE, a.
om-BIN
Capable
of comol'TER
(20), n. [Lat. cul2. The country
6l/o-PHON, n.

colonized.
[Gr. coAo<f>wv, summit, top, finishing stroke.] An inscription on the last page of old books,
containing the place or year of its

dove-like,

Pertaining to a col-

a.

ony,

[colony.

nizing, or 6tate of being colonized.

friend
6i/o-ni-za'tion-?st, n.
to colonization.

v.

t.

[-ed;-ing.]

6l'0-nIst 1 n. An inhabitant of a 5ui/TER )

eoi/o-Nl-ZA'TlON, n. Act of colocultivate.]

or, do,

serpents

to

crafty.

6l'UM-BA-RY, n. [Lat. columbarium, fr. columba, dove.] A dove-cot

olonee

6i/o-nize,

Relating

o-l,6gne'

eo-LO'NI-AL,

[Lat. colonia, fr. colo-

nus, farmer.] 1. A company transplanted to a remote country, and remaining subject to the parent state.

Act

1.

v.i.
To remove
plant a colony in
and settle in a distant country.
661/on-nade', n. [It. colonna, Lat.
A series of colcolumna, column.]
umns placed at regular intervals.

of
State of being placed, or
n.

COMBINE

77

ter, fr. colere, to

Sharp fore iron

of a plow.

[frisky.

OLT'ISHi a.
6l'U-brine,

To

wqef, loo, TO&k; Orn,RUE,

brinus,

from

Like a

colt;

a.
[Lat. colucoluber, serpent.] Colter

bining.

6m

/ bi-NA'tion,
n. 1. Close union or
connection. 2. Alliance.
Syn. Cabal; confederacy; coalition.
OM-BINE', r. t. [-ED; -ING.] [L.
Lat. combmare, fr. com, for con, and

Pi/LL; jb,/,o, silent; 9, G, soft; ,5,Arrf/ Ag; EXIST; n a

NG

this.

;;

COMBINER

COMMISERATE

78

and two, double.]

To unite or join. v. i. 1. To form
a union. 2. To unite by affinity.
^om-bin'er, n. One who combines.
cOM-BDs'Tl-BLE,a. [From Lat. comburere, combustus, from com, for con,
and burere, to burn.] 1. Capable of
binus, pi. bini, two

6M'FORT-LESS,
fort

Without com-

a.

miserable.

dare, to commit to.] I. To fntruot

for care or preservation.
2. To

n.
[Lat. conferva.]
praise.
A
3. To recommend.
genus of plants used in medicine.
om-menp'a-ble, a.
Worthy of
6m'ic, a. 1. Relating to comedy. 2.
being commended laudable praiseFitted to excite merriment.
worthy
6m'I-aL, a. Exciting mirth laugh- OM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, 71. State of
taking fire inflammable. 2. Irasciable.
being commendable.
Syn. Droll; diverting; ludicrous.
ble.
n. A substance that will take
om-mend'a-bly, adv. In a comCom'IC-Xl'I-TY, n. That which is
fire and burn.
mendable manner.
comical; something ludicrous.
Com-bOs'ti-ble-ness, ) n. Quality
6m'men-dA'tion,7!. 1. Act of comom-bus'ti-bil'i-ty, J
In a comical
mending. 2. A message of affection
of being 6m'I-al-ly, adv.
manner; ludicrously.
[comical.
or respect; compliments.
combustible.

Gom'FREY,

Syn. Praise; approbation; applause.

6m'I-al-ness, n. Quality of being
6o-Ml'TlAL (ko-mTsh'al), a.
[Lat. om-mend'a-TO-ry (50), a. Serving
comitia,
popular
assembly,
com
fr.
ire,
to
commend.
i.
to come together.] 1. Relating to the OM-MEN'SU-RA-BIL-I-TY | (-men'[A.-S. cuman, for
p. p. COME.]
popular
assemblies
the
Romans.
om-men'su-ra-ble-nens
cviman, Goth. qviman.] 1. To draw
of
shij-),
n.
Capacity of having a common
2. Pertaining to assemblies of the
near; to approach. 2. To arrive at
measure.
people.
pome state or condition to occur
to happen.
3. To become manifest <36m'i-TY, n. [Lat. comitas, fr. comis, om-men'su-ra-ble (-men'shu-), a.
[Lat. com, for con, and mensvrare, to
or evident to appear.
affable.]
Courtesy of intercourse.
measure.] Having a common measCo-me'di-an, n. An actor in comedy. oi'MA, n. [Gr. Kon/xa, segment,

om-bus'tion
ing

fire

6me

A takconflagration.
[imp. CAME

(-bflst'yun), n.

and burning

(ktim, 57), v.

from ku>clause Koirretv, to cut off.] A character [,] marking the smallest gramand det'oVij/, to
matical division of a sentence.
sing.]
A light and amusing dramat- OM-MAND' (6), V. t. [-ED -ING.]
ic composition.
[Lat. con and mandare, to commit
6me'li-ness (kKm'li-), n. Quality
1. To order with
to, to command.]
of being comely gracefulness.
authority. 2. To exercise supreme
6me'ly (kum'ly), a. [-ER;-EST,
authority over. 3. To have within a
[From come, in the sense of
sphere of influence, control, or vision.
142.]
become, to suit or be suitable.] HandSyn. To bid; order; direct; charge;
govern lead; overlook challenge.
some graceful well-proportioned.
Com'ER, n. One who comes, or who
v. i.m To have or exercise supreme

C6m'E-dy,
H*os,

n.

[Gr.

/ca>(u.o>5ia,

a festal procession', an ode sung

at this procession,

has come.
t'oM'ET, n.
haired, from

authority. n.

[Gr.
KOfxr),

long-

KO/u^Tr;?,

A member

hair.]

of the solar system, usually moving

a very eccentric orbit, and consisting of a nucleus, an envelop, and
a tail.
6m'et-a-ry, ) a. Pertaining to, or
Co-MET're,
resembling a comet.
J
in

authoritative

(53),

pare.]
A dry sweetmeat.
6M'FORT (kum furt), v.
/

pre-

to

cere,

[-ED;

I.

-ING.] [Lat. confortare, fr. con and

To relieve or cheer
fortis, strong.]
under affliction or depression.
n.

6m MAN-dant', n.
/

[Fr.

Strength and

a.

Fitted to impress

Syn. Authoritative imperative.

"Com-MAND'ment, n. An order given
by authority charge precept.
om-mea'UR-a-ble (-mezh'ur), a.
Reducible to the same measure com;

mensurate.

selves, as, the solace of books, society, &c.

6m'FC-rt-a-ble,
quilted coverlet.

Affording or

a.

enjoying comfort.

n.

heavy,

[Amer.]

6m'fort-a-ble-ness,

State of

n.

being comfortable.

6m'fort-a-bly,

adv. In a

to give comfort.
n.

forts.

2.

woolen
A,

E,

I,

The Holy
tippet.

4.

manner

nity.

OM-MEM'0-RA-TiVE,
om-mem'o-ra-to-ry,

\a.
)

Tending
pre-

to

serve in remembrance.

OM-MENCE',

V.

i.

To begin;
To enter upon

to originate.
to originate.
OM-MENCE'MENT, n. 1. Rise ori2. Day when degin
beginning.
grees are conferred by colleges.
OM-MEND',l'.(. [-EB; -ING.] [Lat.
commendare, from com. and manbegin.]
t.

1.

One who com-

Spirit.

3.

wadded

6,u, Y,long; X, ,

I,

knit

quilt.

State of

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

commentari, to meditate upon, to
explain.]
To explain by means of
remarks, observations, or criticisms.
n.
An. explanatory or illustrative
remark, observation, or criticism
v.

?.

annotation.

A collection,

6m'men-ta-ry, n.

or

6, 0, Y, short;

cAre, far, ask, all,

Social or
familiarity.

2.

om-mrce'

personal intercourse

(14), v.

i.

[-ED

-ing.]

To hold intercourse with.

om-mer'cial
ing

to, or
mercantile.

Pertain(14, 63), a.
engaged in, commerce;
[mercial manner.

om-mr'cial-ly, adv. In a com6m'mi-na'tjon, n. [Lat. comminatio, fr. com, for con, and minari,
to threaten.]
Denunciation of punishment or vengeance.

om-min'a-to-ry,

a.

Threatening

or denouncing punishment.

om-mjn'gle,

v.

t.

[ed;

-ING.]

To mingle together in one mass

To mix or unite
v. i.

blend.
gether.

to
to-

6m'mi-nte,

[-ed; -ING.]
v. t.
comminuere, comminutum, fr.
com, for con, and minuere, to lessen.]
To reduce to minute particles to pul[Lat.

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. com, for con, and initiare, to

v,

6m'fort-er,

n.

being commensurate.

6m'ment,

relief received

comfort of love, comforts of old age. Solace is a thing we make or find for our-

COM-MEN'SU-RA'TION,

under Com-mem-o-ra-ble, a. Worthy to

affliction.
be commemorated.
2. A state of quiet enjoyment, or whatever contributes to it. OM-MEM'0-RATE,t\ t. [-ED -ING.]
3. A wadded quilt.
[Amer.]
[Lat. commemorare commemoratus
to remember.]
To celebrate with
Syn. Consolation; solace. Consolation supposes some definite and pretty
honor and solemnity.
severe affliction, as, a friend consoles un- OM-MEM'0-RA'TION, n. Act of callder bereavement; comfort may refer to
ing to remembrance by some solemlighter evils or continuous trials, as, the
1.

measure or extent.

officer.

6m'fit-ure

in

OM-MEN'SU-RATE ,t'.(.[-ED; -ING.]

To reduce to acommon measure.

book of comments.
from com- 6m'men-ta/tor,m. One who comments an annotator.
mander, to command.] A command[ments.
oM'MENT-ER, 7i. One who coming officer.
om-MAND'ER, n. 1. Chief officer of CoM'MERCE, 7i. [Lat. commercium,
fr. com and merx, mercis, merchanan army, or of any division of it. 2.
dise.]
1. Extended trade or traffic;
An officer next above a lieutenant.
ular

tlOM'ET-OG'RA-PHY,, [Gr. /co/ur;TT}9,

comet, and ypa<beii' to write.]
A
description of, or a treatise on comets. Com-mand'ing,
6m'FIT,
n.
[Lat. confior control.
,

An

1.

2. Exercise of authority. 3.
order.
Ability to overlook control or watch
4. A. body of troops under a partic-

ure.

om-MEN'su-rate (-men'shij-), a. 1.
Having a common measure. 2. Equal

what

verize.

CoM'Ml-NfJ'TlON,
to small particles

OM-Mlg'ER-ATE,

n.

Act of reducing

pulverization.
t.
[-ED -ING.]

V.

[Lat. commiserari commiseratus fr.

To be
con and miserari, to pity.]
sorry for to pity to compassionate.
,

ERE, VEIL, TERM pique, FIRM; s6N,

;

COMPANY

COMaLTSEKATION
Act of com-

fc'OM-Ml'2'ER-A'TION, n.

miserating.
Pity; sympathy; compassion;
Sy>\
condolence.

^OM-MIg'ER-A'TOR,

re.

One who com-

miserates,L or pities.

Com'mis-sa'ri-al,

Pertaining to

a.

Often tret with. 3. Not distinguished by rank or character.

2.

Common

representative
council for the government of a city.
Common law, the unwritten law; the
law that receives its binding force from
immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinction from the written or
Common Jleas, a court
statute law.
for trying civil actions. In the United
cottncil,

a commissary.

6m'MIS-sa'RI-AT, re. 1. A military

department charged with the supply

Body

of provisions. 2.
that department.

of officers in

6m'mjs-sa-ry, n.

[L. Lat. commissarius, fr. committere to commit.] An

officer having charge of a special department, esp. that of subsistence.
6m'mis-sa-ry-ship, re. Office orem,

ployment of a commissary.

om-mis'sion (-mish'un),

sometimes has criminal juris-

Staves, it

diction. Common prayer, the liturgy

of the Protestant Episcopal church.
Common sense, sound, practical judgment; the instantaneous decision of unperverted reason.
Syn.
General; public; frequent; ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; ha-

bitual; vulgar.

fr.

communis, common.]

To im

1.

part for joint possession. 2. To give,

as information.
To impart; reveal. To comSyn.
mvnicate is generic; it is allowing others
to enjoy in common with us. Impart is
move specific it is giving to others a part
of what we had held as our own, as, to
impart our feelings, of our property, &c.
Hence there is something more intimate
in imparting intelligence than in communicating it. To reveal is to disclose
something hidden or concealed, as a

secret.

v.i. To have interafurse or the

meansof intercourse.
GoM-MU'Nl-eA'TiON, re. I. Act of
communicating. 2. Means of pass-

1. An uninclosed tract of pubing from place to place. 3. That

which is communicated or imparted.
ground. 2. Right of taking a profit
Syx. Commerce; correspondence.
the
land
of
another.
in
v. i.
1.
To have a joint right with others in 'OM-MU'Nl-A-TlVE, a. Inclined to
common ground. 2. To board tocommunicate ready to impart to
gether,
[mon.
others.
re.

lic

Act
warrant comw.

1.

of committing. 2. A
mitting some charge to a person. 3.
A company of persons joined in the
exercise of some duty.
4. A thing
to be done as agent for another.
5.
Allowance made to an ageut.
Syn. Charge authority mandate.

'6m'mon-a-ble, a. Held in com- -GoM-MU'Nl-eA-TlVE-NESs, re. Quali6m'mon-age, n. Right of pasturty of being communicative.
OM-MUN'ION, re. 1. Mutual intering on a common.
6m'MON-al-ty, re. The common
course. 2. Union in religious faith
people the commons.
fellowship.
v.t. [-ED; -I ng.] To give a com3. A body of Christians
mission to to empower or authorize. oM'MON-ER,re. 1. One not noble. 2.
having one common faith.
4. Celet'OM-Mis'siox-ER, n. One who has a
bration of the Lord's supper.
A member of the House of Comcommission to execute some business.
mons. 3. One who has a joint right Gom'mu-nism, re. [Fr. communisme
eoM-Ml's'SURE (-mish'ur, 95), re.
Community
A
in common ground. 4. A student of
fr. commun, common.]
joint or seam line of junction point
the second rank at Oxford.
of property among citizens social6m'MON-LY, adv. Usually gener[communism.
ism,
of union.
'om-mit', v. t. [-ted; -ting.] [Lat.
ally ordinarily frequently for the 6m'MU-nst, re.
An advocate for
committere, to send to, to connect, to
most part.
oM-MU'JVl-TY,n. [Lat. communitas.\
commit.] 1. To give in trust. 2. To 6m'mon-ness (109), re.
State of
1. Common possession. 2. A society
being common or usual.
of people having common interests.
do to perform to perpetrate. 3. To
oM'MON-PLACE,a. Common; trite;
used refiexively.
3. The public, or people in general.
pledge or bind
;

fc'OM-MfT'MENT,

Act of commit-

re.

ting; committal.
t'OM-MiT'TAL, n. 1. Act of committing. 2.
pledge, actual or implied.
'OM-MIT'tee, n. [From commit.]

select number of persons appointed

to attend to any business.
'om-mix', v. t. or i. [-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. commiscere, comviixtum, from

ro?,for con, and miscere, to mix.]

To mix or mingle to blend.
tOM-MlXT'URE (-miksfyyjr), re. 1.
Act of mixing. 2. Mass formed by
;

mixing; compound.

OM-MODE',

commodus,

[Lat.

n.

fr.

com, for con, and modus, measure,

mode.] A chest of drawers, often
with shelves, &c, added.

f'OM-MO'Dl-OUS, a.
and convenience.
Syn. Convenient;

Affording ease
suitable;

fit;

prop-

er; comfortable.

Com-mo'di-ous-ly, adv.
modious manner.
'om-mo'di-oCs-ness,
its

purpose

eoMM6D'i-Tv,
That which

n.

hackneyed.

re.
1.
general idea
applicable to different subjects. 2. A
trite remark.
v. t.
To enter in a
commonplace-book, or to reduce to
general heads.

6m'mon-place -bo'ok
/

book

in

which things

(27),

re.

bered are recorded.

6m'mon,

re. pi. 1. Mass of the peo2. Lower house of parliament.

Food at a common table.

ple.
3.

e6M'MO\-WEAL',
6m'mon-wealth',
ular government.
people in a state.

om-mo'tion,

Whole body of

2.

[Lat.

re.

1.
free
state; a pop-

re.

commotio,

1.

violent

popular tumult.
mind.

3.

Perturbation of

[mune.

om-mun'AL, a. Pertaining to a comCOM-MUNE', f. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

Suitable-

hence, goods, merchandise, &c.

[Prob. from Ital.
re.

fr.

and movere, to move.]

motion agitation. 2. A

com,, for con,

communicare, to communicate.]

. [See Commode.]
affords convenience

remem-

to be

To converse together familiarly.

To partake of the Lord's supper.

convenience.

In a com-

ness for

^bM'MUNE,

re.

[Fr.]

ritorial district in

1.

2.

small ter-

France.

om-mu'ni-A-bii/i-ty,
of being communicable.

Quality

re.

6m'mo-dore',

om-mu'ni-A-ble, a. Capable of
comandatore, commander.] 1. Combeing communicated.
mander of a squadron. 2. Leading Com-mu'ni-ca-ble-ness, re. Quality
ship in a fleet of merchantmen
of being communicable.
COM'MON, a. [-ER -EST.] [Lat. om-mu'ni-ANT, re. One who par-

om-mtj'TA-bil'i-TY,
being commutable.

om-mu'ta-ble,

Capable of being

a.

exchanged or given

6m'MU-TA'TION,

'

Quality of

re.

for another.
1.

re.

Change.

2.

Barter; exchange.
3. Substitution
of onepenalty for another.
om-mu'ta-tive, a. Relative to exchange interchangeable.
om-mute', u. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
;

commutare from com,

for con,

mutare, to change.]

1.

and

Vo exchange

To pay less for in

than would be paid for the

to substitute.

2.

the gross
separate trips.
v, i.
1. To obtain
2. To
or bargain for exemption.

make an arrangement

pay in

to

gross.

oM-PAT',a.
pactus,

fr.

[Lat. compingere,corncom, for con, and pangere,

to fasten, fix.] 1. Closely united. 2.

Brief; succinct.
-ING.]
v. t. [-ED
1. To consolidate.
2. To unite or
connect firmly, as in a system.
ru

An

agreement

a covenant.

om-pXT'ly, adv.
OM-PAT'NESS, re.
parts

Closely densely.
Close union of
;

density.

COM-PAN'ION, re. [From L. Lat. cor^,

panium, fellowship, a mess.] One
who accompanies, or is associated
with, another.

om-p!n'ion-a-ble,

a.

Agreeable

as a companion fit for good fellowcom, for con, and mutakes of the Lord's supper.
ship; sociable.
[association.
nis, ready to be of service.]
1. Be- OM-MU'NI-ATE, V. t. [-ED
-ING.] -Com-pXn'ion-shIp, re.
Fellowship
longing equally to more than one.
[Lat. communicare, communicatus, 6m'PA-NY (kum'-), re.
1. State of
;

communis,

fr.

OR DO, WOLF, TOO. 200K; CRN, RUE, PyLL

E,

I,

O, silent

9,G,S0/; ,&, luxrd; AS) EIST;

gosNGj THIS

;;

COMPARABLE
being a companion.

An

2.

assemb-

Guests.
4. A
Partners
5.
whose names are not mentioned in
the title of the firm. 6. A subdivision
of a regiment.
v. i. To associate.
!6m'pa-ra-ble, a. Capable of being
compared worthy of comparison.
6m'pa-ra-bly, adv. In a manner
lage of persons.

corporation

3.

a firm.

worthy to be compared.

Oom-pAr'a-tIve

a. 1. Estimated by
comparison.
2. Having the power
of comparing. 8. Gram.) Expressing a greater or less degree than the
,

positive.

om-pAr'a-tive-LY, adv. In a comparative manner relatively.

[-ED
-ING.]
Som-pAre' (4), V. t.
;

[Lat. cjmparare, fr. compar, like or

equal to another.] 1. To examine
2. To repthe mutual relations of
resent as similar to liken.
3. To
inflect according to degrees cf comparison.
v. i. To be like or equal.
;

Syn. Compare

thing is compared with another to

learn their relative value or excellence;
to another, with a view to show their
similarity.

6oM-pAr'i-SON (-sun
Act of comparing
timate.

or -sn), n.

a comparative

1.

es-

of an adjective

2. Inflection

or adverb.

A simile or

similitude.
OM-PART', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
compart iri, from com, for con, and
partiri, partire, to share.] To divide
to mark out into parts.
/
PAR-Tl'TroN (-tTsh'un), n. Act
of dividing into parts.
-om-part'me\T, n. One of the separate parts into which any thing is
divided.
3.

6M

fidM'PASs (kum'-),
passus, circle.]
cumference. 2.

boundary.

[L. Lat. com1.

circuit; cirinclosing limit

n.

An
An inclosed

space;
extent capacity. 4. Range of notes
of any voice or instrument. 6. A
magnetic instrument, used to determine the north and other cardinal
[-ed; -ing.] 1. To
points. *.t.
3.

2. To inclose on all
besiege or invest. 4.
To get within one's power. 6. To
purpose to intend to plot.
To surround
Syn.
environ ; insecure obtain.
close contrive gain

go around.
Bides.

3.

To

n. pi.
An instrument
for describing circles, &c.
(-pash'un), n.
[Lat.

CoM-PAs'SION

fr.

compali,

fr.

com and

pati, to bear, suffer.] Sorrow excited

by the distress or misfortunes of another.
Syn.
Pity sympathy commisera-

of existing in harmony.

Syn.

tion.

suitable

agreea-

ble; accordant; congruous.

om-pAt'i-ble-ness,
bility

[sistently.

To compose out of ma-

from other works.

terials

One who makes

n.

compilation.

om-PLA'cence,
om-pla'En-CY,

\n.

feeling
of quiet pleas1.

om-pAt'I-BLY, adv.
Fitly
conJ
Com-pa'tri-ot, n. A fellow-patriot
ure. 2. Cause of pleasure. 3. Manifestation of pleasure.
of the same country.
om-peer', n. One who is an equal
Syn. Gratification; satisfaction; civility.
a companion a peer.
OM-PEL', V. t. [-LED -LING.] [Lat. om-PlA'cent, o. [Lat. complacere,
compelled, fr. com, for con, and pelcomplacens, from con and placere, to
lere, to drive.]
1. To drive or urge
please.] Accompanied with pleasure;
irresistibly.
2. To take by force.
gratified.
[placent manner.
Syn. To constrain oblige neces- om-pla'cent-ly, adv.
In a comsitate.
OM-PLAIN', V. i. [-ED -ING.] [L.
om-pl'la-ble, a. Capable of beLat. complangere, fr. con and plan;

ing compelled.

6m'PEL-la'tion,

[Lat. compel-

n.

latio, fr. compellare, to accost.]

ner of address

Man-

n.
One who compels.
[Lat. compendium, fr.

om-pend'i-ous,

Summed

a.

up

om-PEND'i-oOs-LY, adv.

Sum-

[ness brevity.
OM-PEND'l-o0s-NESS, n.
ShortOM-PEN'DI-UM, n. ; pi. COM-PEN'DI-UMS.. [See COMPEND.]
An a;

2.

in brief.

bridgmentor epitome.

6m'pen-sate,

or om-pen'sAte,
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. compensare,
compensatus , to weigh.]
1. To give
an equivalent to.
2. To be equivalent to in value or effect.
To
v. i.

make amends.
6m'PEN-sA'TION,

To bring an accusation.
Syn.
To murmur; accuse; lament;

regret; repine.

Com-plAin'ant,

n.

makes a complaint.

om-plain'er,

n.

One who

1.

2.

plaintiff.

One who com-

plains.

OM-PLAlNT',

within narrow limits.

marily

gere, to beat the breast, bewail.]

1.
To express distress, pain, or censure.

appellation.

compendere, to weigh.] A brief compilation

an abridgment.

n.
1. Expression of
pain, censure, or resentment.

grief,

Cause of complaining.
ease a disorder.
2.

3.

dis-

Lamentation; sorrow;

Syn.

grief.

6M'PLAi-ANCE',n. [Fr. See Complacent.] Obliging compliance

with the wishes of others.
Civility
Syn.
courtesy

urbanity

suavity; affability.

6m'plai-sAnt',

Kindly

a.

tive; affable.

atten[vility.

6m'plai-Ant'ly, adv.

With

ci-

Act or prin- 6M'PLE-MENT, n. [Lat. complemenciple of compensating. 2. An equivtum. See Complete.] That which
alent.
supplies a deficiency
something re*
Syn. Recompense reward remuquired to make a thing complete.
n. 1.

neration

requital

6m

satisfaction.

PLE-MENT'al,

a.

Supplying, or

om-PEN'SA-TiVE,
a.
Affording
tending to supply, a deficiency.
om-pen'sa-to-ry, j compensation 6m'ple-MENT'A-ry, a. Serving tr
making amends.
complete.
OM-PETE', 1). J. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. om-plete', a. 1. Free from decompetere, from con and peter e, to
perfect
ficiency
consummate.
2.
seek.] To contend, as rivals, for a
Finished ended concluded.
)

prize.

6m'pe-TENCE,
oM'PE-TEN-CY,
being

)
J

n. [Lat. competentia.] 1. State of

competent;

power;

fitness;

capacity. 2. Sufficiency, especially of

property.
6m/pe-tent, a. 1. Answering to
2. Having adeall requirements.
quate power or right.

Syn.

Sufficient

fitted

euitable

qualified; adequate.

Whole; entire; total. Whole

Syn.
has reference to parts, as, a whole week;
total to parts taken collectively, as, the
total amount; entire sets aside parts, and

regards a thing as continuous or unbroken, as, an entire year: complete supposes progress, end, or object, as, a complete victory.

v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [Lat. complere,

completum, fr. con and plere, to fill.]
To bring to a state in which there

1.
is

no

deficiency. 2.

To bring

to pass.

6m'pe-tent-ly, adv. Adequately. om-PLETE'ly, adv. In a complete

manner fully.
6m/pe-tPtion (kom'pe-tlsh'un), n.
Common strife for the same object om-plete'ness, n. State of being

a. Full of compassion.

Syn.

Sympathizing;

tender; merci-

complete.

strife for superiority.

Syn.

Emulation

rivalry

contest

struggle; contention.

om-pet'i-tIve,

a.

om-pAs'sion-ate-ly, adv.

Pertaining to

being compatible.

2.

n.

Act of com-

1.

Fulfillment

accomplish-

ment.

oM-PLE'TlVE,

With om-pet'i-tor, n. [Lat.] One who

claims what another claims a rival.

compassion mercifully.
om-pAT'I-b!l'i-ty, n.
Quality of

om-ple'tion,
pleting.

competition.

ful.

I,

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat

together and

t.

to scrape

om-pil'er,
Compati-

n.

consistency.

v.

off.]

GOM-PAS'SION-ATE,^ t. [-ED -ING.]

To pity to commiserate.
!om-pAs'sion-ate (-pash'un-, 45),

A, E,

Consistent

carry

C6m'PASs-e,

compassio,

0M-pXt'I-ble, a. [L. Lat. compati- Com-pIle',

Capable
bilis.
See Compassion.]
compilare,

om-Pl'LER,
compare with. 6m'pend, n.

to:

COMPLEX

80

CJom/pi-la'tion, n. 1. Act of compiling.

2. A book compiled.

d,V,Y,long,- A, E,I, 6 ,D,Y, short; CARE, fAr, Ask, ALL, V'HAT

a. Making complete.
CoM'PLEX, a. [Lat. complecti, complexus, to comprise, fr. con and plec-

twist.]
parts.

tere, to

more

ERE, VEIL,

r?J30.;

Composed of two or
PIQUE, FIRM; s6N 5

COMPLEXEDNESS

COMPURGATION

81

come the author of. 4. To reduce to ^om'pre-hen'sIve-ly, adv. In a

plicated.
comprehensive manner.
order. 5. To set at rest. b\ To place
n.
Assemblage; collection.
^om'PRE-hen'sIve-ness, n. Qualiin order for printing, as type.
om-PLEX'ed-ness, n. Quality of
ty of being comprehensive.
Syn. To construct settle quiet
being complex.
calm appease allay.
OM-PRESS', v.t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
om-plex'ion (-plek'shun), n. [Lat. om-poed', p. a. Calm quiet.
comprimere, compressum, from con
complexio.] 1. Connection of parts. om-po'ed-ly, adv. In a composed
and premere, to press.]
To bring
2. Color or hue of the face or skin.
within narrower limits or space.
manner.
3. General appearance or aspect.
O M-P O S 'E D-NE SS
SrN. To crowd; press; squeeze; conom-plex'ion-al,
dense.
a. Pertaining COM-POg'ER, n. One who composes
Com-PLEX'ion-a-ry, J to the coman author especially an author of a Com'PRESS, n. A folded piece of
plexion.
linen, to make due pressure on any
piece of music.
om-PLEX'I-ty, n. State of being om-po'ing-sti:k, n. An instrupart.
complex intricacy.
[manner.
ment of adjustable width, in which {Jom-press/i-bii/i-ty, n.
Quality
t OM'PLEX-LY, adv. In a complex
types are arranged iuto words and
of being compressible.
f OM-plex'ure, n. Complication of lines.
om-press'i-ble, a. Capable of beone thing with others.
om-p6s/Ite, a.
[pressibility.
ing compressed.
'om-PL.I'a-bl,e, a. Inclined to com[See Compose.]
OM-PRESS'I-BLE-NESS, n.
Comply or yield compliant.
1. Made up of
om-pres'SION (-presh'un), n. Act
fiOM-PLl'ANCE, n. 1. Act of comdistinct parts or
of compressing, or state of being comSyn. Composite; compounded; com-

plying.
others.

2.

'OM-PLl'ANT,
2.

disposition to yield to
a.

Bending

1.

pliant.

Inclined to comply.

6M'PLI-eA-CY, n.
complex oj* intricate.
6m'PLI-ATE, V. t.

State of being

[-ED;

-ING.]

[Lat. complicare, complicatus, fr. con

plicare, to fold ]
1. To fold or

and

CoM'PLl-eA/TION,

Intricate or
confused blending of parts complexn.

[volve.
to inn. Condition of being

ity,

6m'pli-A'tTve,
'OM-plic'i-ty,

Tending

a.

an accomplice.

6m'PLI-ment,
to

plere,

[From

n.

To

delicate flator gratify

flatter,

v.

To use or pass

i.

compliments.

ity,

regard, or praise

6m'PLOT,

Expressiveof civil-

a.

(
J
;

civil.

136.]

To

n.

1.

agreement

adjustment.

a cabal.
[-ted: -ting,
&
?'.

t.

plot together

to conspire.

oOM'PEU-ten'sian,

Act of composing, or that which is composed

a
composition. 2. Calmness tranquiln.

1.

lity.

om-pound',

v.

t.

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

;

componere, from con and ponere, to

put, set.]

1.

To combine or

2. To settle amicably.
settle by compromise.

v.

unite.

OR, DO,

WOLF. TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

6

incloset

arbiter.]
Adjustment of differences by mutual concessions.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To adjust by mutual concessions. 2. To put to hazard.

E,

I,

O, silent

MISE.]
hazard

One who com[-ED, -ING; or

COMPRO-

[See

To promise.
compromise

1.

To put

2.

to

to

OMP-TROl/LER

(kon-), n.
controller; a title of certain officers.
om-pui/sa-tive, ) a.
[Fr. Lat.

OM-PtJI/SA-TO-RY,
to compel.]
compelling.
ling.

Syn.

2.

compulsare,

by

Operating

To om-pul'sion,

i.

a.
Pertaining
the polyglot edition of the Bible Gom'pound, a. [0. Eng. compowned,
published at Complutum, or Alcala,
p. p. of compowne, compone, fr. Lat.
componere.] Composed of elements,
in Spain, in 1522.
ingredients, or parts.
n.
Mixture
C'OM-PLY', V. i. [-ED; -ING, 142.]
of elements, ingredients, or parts.
[Lat. complicare, to fold up or together, to bend or from complete, to 6M'PRE-HEND', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. comprekendere from con and
to till up, to fulfill.] To yield assent
prehendere, to grasp, seize.] 1. To
to accord, agree, or acquiesce.
include
by construction or implica<Jom-p5'nent, a.
COMPOSE.]
[See
tion.
2. To take into the mind
Serving or helping to form.
n. A
to
apprehend the meaning of.
constituent part an ingredient.
OOM-POKT', C.
[-ED -in'g.] [Lat. 6m/pre-hen/si-b1l/i-ty, n. State
comportarr, from con and portare, to
of being comprehensible.
bear, conduct.]
To agree; to ac- 6m / pre-hen'si-ble, a. Capable of
being comprehended.
cord ; to suit.
v. I.
To behave to
6M / PRE-HEN'siON,n. 1. Act of comconduct.
om-port'a-b:le, a. Consistent.
prehending. 2. That which is comtOM-POSJS', A}, t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
prehended. 3. Capacity of the mind
to perceive and understand.
componere, compositum, to put together, from con and ponere, to put.] Com'pre-hen'sive, a.
Including
much within narrow limits.
1. To form by uniting two or more
things. 2. To constitute. 3. To beSyn. Extensive wide large full.

an

om-po'ure,

to

I*.

comprehend to include.
Syn. To embrace; contain;

6m'pro-mis/er, n.
type._
promises.
6m'p5st, n. [Lat. compositum. See
Compose.] A mixture for fertil- 6M'PRO-MIT, v. t.
-TED, -TING, 137]
izing land.
v. t.
To manure with

complicitum,
equiv. to complication complication.]
[Lat.

n.

A conspiracy
OM-PL,OT',t.

(-zlsh'un),

compost.

om'PLI-MENT'al,
eoM'PLI-MENT'A-RY,

imply.
Act of composing. 2. State of being
composed. 3. That which is formed <36m'pro-MIe, n. [Lat. compromissum, from compromittere, to promise
composing.
by
mutually to abide by the decision of
Syn. Work production mixture

om-pos/i-tive, a.
Compounded,
or having the power of compounding.
com- om-po'i-tor, n.
One who sets

Manifestation of

up.]

fill

regard or admiration
tery.
v. t.
with, praises.

Lat.

Act

(-presh'ijr), n.

or force of one body pressing against

another; pressure.
om-pris/al,, n. Act of comprising
or comprehending.
OM-PRISE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Fr.
compris, comprise, p. p. of comprendre, from Lat. comprekendere.]
To
;

(45),

complicated.

om-press'URE

Composite Order.
Composite number, one which can be
measured exactly bv a number exceed-

To render complex.
ing unity.
a.
Complex; -eoM/po-sjf'TlON

twist together. 2.

6m'pl,I-CATE

elements. 2. Belonging to an order of architecture made up of

the Ionic grafted upon the Corinthian.

force;

Act of compelState of being compelled.

n.

1.

Constraint

restraint.
Reback from some act;
it by an
urgency which overrules the will; compulsion is the use of overpowering force.
om-pul/sive, a.
Forcing; constraining compulsatory.
om-PUI/sive-LY, adv. By compul;

straint is a holding

constraint

is

a driving one into

sion,

[straining.

oM-PtJL/SO-RY,

Compelling conLat. com-

a.

oM-PUNe'TlON, n [From

from con and pungere, to

prick, sting.] Poignant grief.
Syn. Remorse. Remorse (lit. gnaw-

pungere,

ing) is anguish of soul under a sense of

guilt; compunction is pain from a wounded and awakened conscience.
om-pOn'tious, a. Attended with

compunction

6m pur-ga'tion, n.
/

[Lat.

compur-

gare, to purify wholly.]

Act of justify ing a man's veracity by the oath
of others.

, G_ soft; , G, hard;

,s

EXIST

as

NG;

Tills.

COMPURGATOR
6m'pur-ga'tor,

CONCOCTIVE

82

One who bears ON-EIT'ED,

n.

testimony to the veracity of another.

Entertaining a

a.

tering opinion of one's self

flat-

vain.

om-put'a-ble,

pitch generally adopted for a given

tone, and by which the other tones
are governed.

a. Capable of being ON-CElT'ED-LY, adv. In a conceitcomputed.

[conceited. on-9Es'sion (-seWun), n.
ed manner.
[Lat
fcJoM'FU-TA'TiON, n. Act or process ON-EIT'ED-NESS,n. State of being
concessio.]
1. Act of granting.
2.
t'ON-^Eiv'A-BLE, o. Capable of beof computing.
The thing granted a boon.
[sion.
ing conceived imaginable.
on-9Es'sive, a. Implying concesSyn. Reckoning calculation; estimate account.
Con-CEIV'a-ble-ness, n.
Quality 6nH (konk, 82), n.
[Cir. Koyxnl
of being conceivable.
om-pute', v. t. [-ed; -Ing.] [Lat.
A marine shell.
computare from con and putare, to on-CEIV'A-BLY, adv. Inaconceiv- 6ngh'oid, n. [Gr. /coyvoeioVjs, from
able manner.
clean fig., to set in order, reckon.]
K yXVi
shell,
and ei6os, form.]
To determine by calculation.
on-ei ve% v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
Geom.) A curve of the fourth order.
concipere, from con and capere, to on-Hoid'al, a. Having elevations
Syn. To calculate; number count;
;

reckon

estimate.

receive into the womb

and breed. 2. To form in the mind.
3. To picture to the imagination.
seize.]

oM-PUT'ER,,

One who computes.

[0. Eng. came(22), n.
from Lat. camera, chamber.]
A companion or associate.
6n, v. t. [-NED; -NING,136.] [A.-S.
cunnan, to know, to be able.] To

6m'rade

Syn. To apprehend; imagine

rade,

study over

5'NA-TIVE,

to peruse.
[Lat. conari,conatus,

a.

Endeavoring

to attempt.]
ing.

on-Xm'er-ATE,

attempt-

[Lat. concamerare, from con and ca?ntrare, to

arch.] To arch over
to vault.
^ON-eXM/ER-A'TlON, n. An arch or
vault.
v.

t.

ON-GXT'E-NATE,

series of
successive series of

n.

a
things depending on each other.
;

believe

sup2.

To think.

Consent',

n. [Lat. concentus.] Concert of voices

harmony.
;

on-oen'ter,

ON-(,'EN'TRE,

v.

or depressions like the valve of a bivalve shell.

on-h6l'0-GIst, n.
One versed
in the natural history of shells.

0N-h6l'0-GY,

think.

To become pregnant.

1.

cr
-ING.]

i.

t.

and

[-ED
[Lat. con
;

To come or

cfntrare, to center.]
bring to a point.

n. [Gr. Koyx-q, shell,

discourse.]
Doctrine or
science of ^hells.

and \6yos,

oN-C1L'I-ATE,

V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. conciliate, conciliates, to bring
together.] To win over from a state
of indifference or hostility.
Con-ciVi-a'tion, n. Act of conciliating reconciliation.
Con-^il'i-a'tor, n. One who conciliates or reconciles.
:

6n'en-trate, or
on-EN'TRATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To
bring to a common (enter, or to unite on-Cil'i-a-to-RY

Tending

(50), a.

to conciliate.

To link togethto unite in a successive series.

^ON-eXT'E-NA'TION,
links united

v.i.

and catena, chain.]

;

pose

more closel/ to combine.

t. [-ED
-ING.]
1.
-natum, from con <36n/cen-tra'tion, n.

l.

[Lat. concatenate,

er

To

1.

Act of on-91SE', a. [Lat. concisvs, cut off,

Volatilization of
short.] Expressing much ia a few

concentrating.
2.
part of a liquid, to increase the
strength of the remainder.

on-<^en'tra-tive-ness,

n.
Power of concentrating the intellectual
force.
[center.

words.
Syn. Laconic terse brief; short
compendious; comprehensive summa;

ry; succinct.

Con-cIse'ly, adv. In few words.

fr. con and cavus, hollow.]
Hollow on-EN'TRI, a. Having a common on-cise'ness, n. Brevity in speaking or writing.
and curved or rounded.
n.
A hol- ON-CEN'TRI-AL-LY, adv. In a
on-9I'ion (-sTzh'un), n. 1. A cutconcentric manner.
low an arched vault.
ting off a faction. 2. Circumcision.
State
on-AV'1-ty, n. Internal surface ^ON'^EN-TRIC'I-TY, n.
of

6n'AVE

[Lat. concavus,

a.

(82),

of a hollow rounded body

on-A'vo-on'Ave",

or the

a.

or hollow on both surfaces.

oN-eA'VO-6N'VEX,

being concentric.

[conception.
abstract general
1.
Act of conceiving.
2. State of being conceived.
3. Formation in the mind of an idea
or notion.
4. Idea or notion formed
in the mind. 6. Faculty of forming

6n'CEPT, n. An
Concave on-ep'tion, n.

spacewithin suchjjody.

Concave

a.

on one side and convex oh the other.

on-A'voOs, a. Concave; hollow.
ideas.
ON-9EAI/, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
A theory
concelare, fr. con and celare, to hide.] on-9EPT'u-al-I2M, n.
that the mind has the power of form1.
To withdraw from observation.
ing for itself general conceptions of
2. To withhold from utterance or

6n'LAVE
and

[Lat. conclave, fr. con

, n.
clavis, key.]
1. Assembly of the

cardinals.

2.

private meeting.

CON-LUDE',t.. [-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.

concludere, fr. con and cludere, claudere, to shut.] 1. To close, as an argument, by inferring.
2. To bring
to an end.
3. To make a final deter-

individual or single objects.

declaration.

Syn.

To hide

secrete.

disguise ; dissemble
generic to conceal

To hide

is

simply not to make known what we

wish to keep secret; to disguise or dissem-

is

conceal by assuming some false

to secrete is to hide in some
man may conceal
sentiments, dissemble
feelings, or secrete stolen goods.

ble is to

appearance

place of secrecy.

facts, disguise his

liia

on-CEAL'a-BLE,

a.

Capable of be-

ing concealed.

ON-CERN'
long
3.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

To

to.

2.

To take an

disturb.

n.

1.

affair.

ON-<?EDE',
concedere,

on-cern'ment,
;

1. To yield or suffer to pass.

To admit to be true.
Syn. To grant; allow; admit; yield;

yield.]
2.

surrender.

f ON-CEIT',

1.

2.

n.

1.

Importance

Affair; busi-

moment.

3.

Anxiety.
ON-9ERT', v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [Lat.
concertare, to contend.]
1. To plan
together.
2. To plan
to devise.
Interposition.

4.

n.

1.

Agreement.

2.

accordance or harmony.
public musical entertainment.
6n'9ert-pitch, n.
(Mus.)
sical

o,u, Y,long; A, ,I, 6,0, K short; cAre, far, ASK, ALL,

r

ness.

6n'cert,

conception idea.
2. A quaint fancy.
3. Over-estimation of one's self vanity.
n.

V. t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
from con and cedere, to

i.

terminate

decide
end.

;
;

determine

To come to an end; to
2. To form a final judg-

1.

terminate.

ment.

on-LUD'ER,

Consequence or deduction.
ON-L,fj'siVE, a. Putting an end to
debate or question.
on-!LU'sIve-LY, adv. Decisively;
definitively.

1.

cealing, or state
2. Place of hiding.

v.

n. One who concludes.

ON-LU'gION, n. 1. Last part of
That which
3.
2. Final decision.
any thing.

Act of con- on-crn'ing, prep. Pertaining to

of being concealed.
regarding with respect to.
n.

of.

Syn. To infer
finish

interest in.

belongs to one. 2. Interest in, or

care for, any person or thing.
3.
Persons connected in business.
Syn.
Anxiety solicitude interest;
regard

on-ceal'ment,

(14), V.

[L. Lat. concernere, to mix together,

as in a sieve.] 1. To relate or be-

mination

Mu3.

on-LU'sive-ness,
v.

Quality of

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

[Lat.

concoguere, from con and coquere, to

2.
1. To digest.
cook, to digest.]
To mature or perfect. 3. To contrive;
to plot.

t^ON-COC'TlON,

n.

1.

Digestion. 2.
3. Contriv-

bringing to maturity.

ance.

ON-0T'IVE,
The

n.

being conclusive.

ON-0T',

a.

Having the pow-

er of digesting or ripening.

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

TERM; PIQUE, fXrm; s6n

CONCOMITANCE
c ON-OM'I-tance,

la.

c/ON-com'i-tan-'cy,
accompaniment.

eoN-OM'i-TANT,

State of ac-

and
AccompaA coman accompaniment.
[Lat. con

comitari, to accompany.]
nying, or conjoined.
n.

panion

66N'ORD

[Lat. concordia,

n.

(82),

con and cor, heart.] 1. Harmony

union. 2. Grammatical agreement
of words with one another. 3. Aeonsonant chord consonance.
on-cord'anE (82), . 1. Agreement. 2. A minute verbal index to
[monious.
a work.
on-ORD'ANT, a. Agreeing haron-6rd'ant-ly, adv. In a concordant manner.
fr.

n.
An agreement between the pope and a government for
the regulation of ecclesiastical mat-

OxV-OR'dat,

junction. 2. Agreement in opinion.

3. Joint rights.
1. Acting in cona.
junction co-operating. 2. Conjoined
associate. 3. Joint and equal in auJoint or contributory
thority.
n.
[currence.
cause.
ON-UE'RENT-LY, adv. With con;

ON~eiJS'siON

[Lat.
(-kiish'un), n.
concussio, fr. concutere, to shake violently .] Act of shaking or agitating

agitation

v.

To unite

in
[one body.

i.

one mass or body.

Having the power

/

exist as the occasion of

concomitant of something else.

Syn. Circumstances; station

),r.

t.

[-ed;-ing.]

[Lat. condemnare, from con and damnare, to condemn.] 1. To pronounce

to be wrong. 2. To pronounce a ju3. To prodicial sentence against.
nounce unfit for service.
Syn.
To blame ; censure reprove;

sentence.

on-1)EM'na-BLE,

Worthy

a.

of

case;

terms.

v.

make

to

-IN&.] To stipulate
terms.
v. t.
1. To conTo impose conditions on.

[-ED

/.

2.

tract.

*,

on-dP*tion-al

(-dish'un-), a.

Implying conditions

not absolute.
Expressing a condition or supposi-

2.

tion.

adv

(-dish'un-),

W ith_certain limitations.
T

Con-dole',

or quality of shaking.

oN-DEMN'(-dem

which must

on-di'tion-al-ly

shock.

oN-Us'siVE,a.

doom;

ters.

eoN-OR'PO-RATE

CONFABULATE

on-cDr'rent,

a.

"

83

conipanying

;;

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

condtlere, from con and dolere, to feel
pain.] To express sorrow at the distress of another.
on-dole'ment, ) n. Expression of
r. i.

on-do'lence,

grief

the

for

sorrovy of another.

on-one',

[-ed; -ing

i'. i.

[Lat.
forgive
]

condonare, to forgive.]
To
for a violation of the marriage- vow.
n.
[Peruv. cuntur.]
A
very large bird of the vulture family,

-CoN'DOR,

condemnation.

C'ON-OR'PO-RATE, a.
United in 6n'dem-na/tion, n.
Act of cont'ON'OURSE (82), n. [Lat. concursus,
demning, or state of being confoundin the Andes.
Con-duce', v. i. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
from concurrere, to run together.] 1.
demned.
conducere, fr. con and ducere, to lead.]
A moving or running together. 2.
Sin. Sentence; judgment; reprobation; blame.
To promote, answer, or further an
An assembly a crowd.
e6N'RE-MENT, n. [See CONCRETE.] on-dem'na-to-ry, a. Bearing conend _to tend
[demns. on-du'ci-ble, a. Having a tendemnation or censure.
Mass formed by concretion or natuon-DEM'NER, n. One who con- on-du'cive, } dency to conduce.
ral union.
Con-cres'cence, n. A growing by on-den'sa-ble, a. Capable of being -Con-du'cive-ness, n. Quality of
;

spontaneous

union,

by

or

coales-

cence.

which it

exists.
eON-RETE', V.

[-ED

i.

-ING.]

To

unite, as separate particles, into a

mass.
v. t.
To form into a mass.

Con-crete'LI"

In a concrete
[concrete.
State of being
1. Act of concreting.
2. Mass formed by congelation,
or other like natural process
arJv.

manner.

on-RETE'ness,
ON-RE'TION, n.
on-RE'tive,

n.

Promoting con-

a.

[concubine.
State of being a
Pertaining to
a concubine or

cretioji.

on-u'bi-nage

n.

fc'ON-CU'Bl-NAL,

on-U'bi-na-ry,

a.

to concubinage.
fr.

n.

[Lat. concubi(82), n.
concubare, to lie together.] A
cohabits with a man

woman who

on-U'pis-cence,
;

Unlawful or

n.

lust.

<3on-U'pis-cent,

a. [Lat. concupisconcupiscens, to long for.]

Desirous of unlawful pleasure.
Syn. Libidinous: lustful; lecherous.
cere,

ON-UR',

[-RED -KTNG, 136.]

run together.] 1.
in the same point. 2. To
act jointly. 3. To unite in opinion.
Syn. To agree
combine
unite
v.

on-dense', v.

I.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
condensare, from con and densare, to
make thick or dense.] To make more
v. i.
close, compact, or dense.
To
become close or more compact.
on-dens'er, n. One who, or that
which, condenses.
CON'DE-SCEND', V. i. [-ED; -ING.]
[L. Lat. condescend ere, from Lat. con
and descendere.] 1. To relinquish
2. To recede from
rank or dignity.
one's rights to stoop.
;

Con'de-scen'sION,

n.

Voluntary

descent from rank, dignity, or just

claimjs to equality with another.
-Gon-dign' (-din'), a. [Lat. condigDeserved mernus, very worthy.]

i.

[Lat. concurrere, to

To meet

n.

DO, WOLF, TOO,

suitable.
(-dln'lyO, adv.

Gon-dign'ly

Accord-

1.

Union con;

Act or method of

1.

Skillful guidance.

Syn.

ment

demeanor

v.

t.

management.
[-ED; -ING.]

2. To
To manage

lead, or guide.
trol.

ableness to deserts

3.

safely. 4.

of carrying one's self.

Behavior ; carriage
deport-

3.

1.

To

direct to conto regulate.

to act.

v. i.
To behave
GoN-DUe'TlON, n. Transmission by
means of a conductor.
on-dut'ive, a. Having the power
;

of conducting.

CoN'Due-Tlv'l-TY, n. Power of giving passage to some molecular action.

n.
1. A leader; a
director.
2. A substance capable of forming a medium
for the transmission of heat or elec-

on-DUT'or,
manager; a

tricity.

Con-duct'ress,

A woman who

n.

conducts.

on'duit

(kon'dit or kun'dit), n. [0Fr. conduict, Lat. conductus.

See
supra.] A pipe, canal, or the like.

ON-DU'PLI-ATE,

ing to merit.

plicatus,

fr.

[Lat. condu-

a.

condvplicare , to double,]

Doubled together.

suitableness.

-Gon'DI-MENT, n. [Lat. condimentum, CONE, n. [Gr. ku>vo<;.] 1.

from condire, to preserve, pickle.]
A solid body, tapering
Something to give relish to food
regularly to a point
from

seasoning.

Con'dis-ci'ple,
lus,fr. con and

n. [Lat. condiscipudiscipulus, disciple.]

fellow-disciple
a school-fellow.
ON-DI'TION (-dish'un), n. [Lat. conditio, from condere, to put or join together.]
1. State or situation as to

coincide.

ON-UR'RENCE,

;_

Manner

ON-DUT',

to condense.

Gon-dign'ness (-dm / -, 109), n. Agree-

without being his wife.

irregular desire

-eoN/DEN-SA'TlON, n. Act of making more dense or compact.

on-den'sa-tive, a. Having power

ited

2.

That which leads or brings

dense, close, or hard.

6n'U-bine
na,

conducing.

condensed.

ON-DEN'SATE, V. t.
[-ED -ING.] 6n'duT,
leading.
To condense. v. i. To become more
;

Gon'crete, a. [Lat. concretus, p. p.

of concr esc ere, to grow together.] 1.
United in growth united in a solid
form. 2. Existing in a subject not
1.
mass formed by
abstract.
n
term designating
concretion.
2.
both a quality and the subject in

external circumstances.
2. Qualiproperty
attribute.
ty
3. That
;

TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent; C,G,sq/"*v

2.

a circular base.
Conical fruit of the

pine, cedar,

JStc.

'ON-FAB'U-LATE,

V.

i.

[-ED; -ING.) [Lat. confabulatus, p. p. of confabulari, from con and

Cone.
fabulari, to speak.] To
talk familiarly together to chat.

,G,hard; as; EXIST

as

N&

T-HI3-

CONFABULATIONon-fab/u-la'tion,
talk or conversation.

6n'feT,
on-fe'tion,

to prepare.]

&c,

with sugar

cess of assurance.
sion for confidence.

ftcere, confectum,
preparation of fruit,

confidence

Enjoying

1.

2.

in confidence.

on-fe'tion-er,

One
n.
makes and sells candies, &c.
dence positively.
Con-fec'tion-er-y, n. 1. Confec- oN-FiG'u-RA'TiON, n
;

tions
candies.
2.
candies, sweetmeats,
or sold.
on-fed'EE-A-CY, n,
;

place where
are made

&c,

1. A league or
2." Persons
covenant.
or states,
united by a league. 3. An unlawful
combination a conspiracy.
4
Syn.
League alliance coalition.
on-fed'ER-ate, a. [Lat. confxderatus, p. p. of confaderare to join by
n.
a league.] United in a league.
A person or nation engaged in a confederacy an ally.
[-ED
ON-FED'ER-ATE, V. t. or .
-ING.J To unite in a league to ally.
on-Fed'er-a'tion, n. 1. A league
;

uration

an

alliance.

2.

Parties to a league.

on-fed'er-a tive,
/

Pertaining

a.

to a confederation.
on-fr',i>.*. [-red; -ring.] [Lat.
conferre, from con anilfcrre, to bear,
carry, bring.] To bestow to award.
v. i. To discourse or converse in a
serious manner.

6n'fer-ence,

n.
versing seriously.

consultation

Act of conA meeting for

on-fIg'URE,

a.

Capable of be-

confined.

6N'FlNE,n.

[Lat. confinium, from

conftnis, bordering.] Common bound-

ary

on-fess',

[-ed; -ING.] [Lat.

v. t.
conjiteri, confession, fr. con nndfate-

confess.]

border

ON-FINE'.

limit.

v.

[-EDJ-ING.]

t.

1.

To acknowledge

2. To own or recognize.
cr admit.
3. To assent to.
4. To acknowledge,
as one's sins to a priest.
Syn. To avow. We acknowledge
what we feel mnst or ought to be made

as a fault or a favor ; we avow

with solemnity, as against opposition or
obloquy, as our principles ; we confess
what we feel to have been wrong, as our
sins or errors.

known,

To

restrain within limits.

Syn.

To bound;

r.

To

'.

to border,

Restraint
within limits
imprisonment.
2.
Detention within doors by sickness.
Con-fTrm' (18), V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. confirmare, fr. con and firmare,
;

by formal

To make firm,
To render valid
3. To administer

1.

2.

assent.

the rite of confirmation

Syn. To

to.

strengthen; establish; veri-

fy; assure.

Capable of be-

a.

a. [Lat. cotifluere, confluens, from con and ftuere, to How.]

Flowing together running one into
another.
n
A small stream which
flows into a large one.
6n'flux, n. 1. A flowing together
2. A large assemblage ; a crowd.
Con-form', i-. . [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

conformare, fr. con and formate, to

form.] To shape in accordance with ;
to make like.
v.i. 1. To comply;
to yield. 2. To be a conformist.
Con-form'a-ble, a.
1
Similar;
like.
2. In proper or appropriate
form.
3. Disposed to compliance;
submissive.
on-form'A-BLY, adv.
Suitably;
agreeably consistently.
;

to make firm.]
fixed, or certain

ing confirmed.

ment; harmony.
body

form

on-form'er,
-Con-fokm'IST,

One who conforms.

One who com-

n.
n.

with the worship of the church

of England.
plies

oN-FOR.M'l-TY,?t. 1. Resemblance;
agreement; congruity.
2. Compliance with the usages of the established church.
oN-FOUND',r. t. [-ed;-ing.1 [Lat.
confundere, to pour together, fr. con
and fundere, to pour.] 1. To mingle and blend, so as to be indistinguishable.
2. To throw iuto con-

Act of con-

fusion or disorder.

Con-found'ed, ;>.

1.

\a.

1.

Hav-

ing the
J
serving to confirm corroborative.
2. Pertaining
to the rite of confirmation.
on-fTrm'er, n. One who confirms.
on-FIS'!A-BLE, a. Liable to for(50),

power of confirming

feiture.

1.
AgreeStructure of a

n.
2.

make.

firming.
2. Convincing testimony.
3. Ratification. 4. Right of confirming baptized persons.

n.

on-firm'a-t!ve,
ON-FIRM'A-TO-RY

Meetingoftwo

1.

more streams place of meeting

The running together of people.

6n'for-ma'tion,

limit; restrict.

6N'FlNE,er on-f!ne',
have a common boundary
CON-FiNE'MENT, n.
1.

-Gon'FIR-MA'TION,

ing conferred.

ri, to

[-ed: -ING.] To

t.

on-fIrm'A-ble,

an interview.

on-fr'RA-ble,

v.

arrange in a certain form or shape.

on-f1n'a-ble, a. Capable of being

1.

2.

External form or figure.

position of the planets.

[Lat. configconftgurare to form.] 1.

2. Relative

fr.

2.

Com- on'FLU-ENT,

[dence.
conficonfi-

6n/fi-den'tial-ly, adv. In
who 6n'FI-dent-ly, ado. With

a comfit.

oN'FLU-ENCE,n.
or

a.

trustworthy.

municated

Giving occa-

3.

[From Lat. con- 6n'FI-DEN'tial,

n.

CONFUTE

S'

Familiar

n.

a.

oN-FOUND'ED-LY,
ly

Confused.

1.

Very great; enormous.

2.

[Coltoa.)

adv. Enormous-

greatly.

[founds.

Con-found'er,

One who con-

n.

Con'fra-tLr'ni-ty,

n.

brother-

hood.

6n'fri-A'tion.

n.

[Lat. confrica-

tio, fr.. confricare, to rub vigorously.]

Act of rubbing against or together
;

friction.

6n'fis-cate., or
on-f!s'ATE on-front' (-front'), v. t.
[-ed;
-ING.]
-ING.] [Lat. con[From Lat. con and frons,
Gon-fess'ed-ly, adv. Avowedly;
(117), v. t. [-ED
the forehead or front.]
undeniably.
fisratus, p. p. of conf scare, from con
1. To stand
facing, or in front of.
and fscus. basket, state treasury.]
on-fes'sion (-fesh'un), n. 1. Ac2. To stand
in direct opposition to.
To appropriate, as a penalty, to the
3. To comknowledgment; avowal. 2. Act of
;

sins to a
formulary of articles of

disclosing

priest.

3.

faith.

on-fes'sion-al,

n.
Seat where a
priest sits to hear confessions.
on-fess'or (113), n. 1. One who
confesses. 2. One who makes a profession of his faith in the Christian
religion.
3. A priest who hears the
confessions of others.
Con'FI-dant', n. m. \ [0. Fr.] AconCon'FI-dante', n.f. ]
fidential
friend.
CON-FIDE', f. ?. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
confidere, fr. con an&fidere, to trust.]
To put faith to believe.
v. t. To
intrust to give in charge.
6n'fi-den9E, n. 1. Act of confiding.
2. That in which faith is put.
3. Feeling of security.
6n'fi-dent, a. 1. Having confidence trustful. 2. Having an ex;

a, E,

I,

O, u, Y, long; A, E,I,

public use.

pare,

[fronting.

CON'FRON-TA'TION, n.
Act of conQN-FUE', v. t. [-ED;-ING] [Lat.
confundere, confusum.
See CONFOUND.] 1. To render indistinct or
6n'fis-A'TION, n. The act of apobscure. 2. To throw into disorder.
propriating, as a penalty, to the pub[cates.
lic use.
disconcert
perSyn. To abash
plex; confound; distract.
6n'fis-A'tor. n. One who confisCon-fis'ca-to-ry, a. Consigning to on-fus'ed-ly, adv. In a confused
6n'fis-ATE, or on-fis'ATE,
Appropriated, as
public use.

<*

a.

penalty, to the

manner.

confiscation.

on-FLA'GRANT,

[Lat.

a.

confla-

con and flagrare, to blaze.]

Burning together in a common flame.

grare,

fr.

6n'fla-gra'tion,

n.

fire

on a

6n'flTT,

n.

1.

Tiolent collision.

striving to oppose or overcome.

-ING.] [Lat.
V. i. [-ED
con fligere, conflictum, from con and
1. To strike or
fligere, to strike.]
dash together. 2. To engage in strife.
2.

ON-FUS/ED-NESS,
possession.

3.

6,u, y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

[confusion.
state of

n.

t>on-fus_'ion, n.
1.
mingling together.

on-fvt'a-ble

great scale.

ON-FLtT',

A
2.

promiscuous
Loss of

self-

Overthrow; defeat.
a. Capable of being

confuted.

eoN-FUT'ANT,

One who

n.

{36n'fu-ta'tion,

n.

confutes.

Act of confut-

ing or disproving.

eoN-FUTE',
confutare,

v.
fr.

t. [-ED; -ING.]
[Lat.
con and futare, to ar>

WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM;

SON,

CONFUTES
gue.] 1.
disprove.

To put

To

gether.

[-ED;

t.

[Lat. conglutiServing to unite closemedicine that

n.

nare, -na?is.]
A
healing.
heals wounds by closing

who

n. One
(k m'jee), .

v.

CoN-GRU'l-TY, n. Quality df being

congruent fitness consistency.
;

eoN'GRU-ous

confutes.
[Fr. conge.] 1.

ly

(kong'gryj-us,

82),

a.

Being suitable or pertinent.

Syn. Accordant

ON-GLU'TI-NA]NT,a.

absurd, &c.

Eon-fut'er,

-ING.]
To
gather into a ball or round body.
on-GLOM'ER-a'tion, . A gathering into a mass ^collection.

To

2.

refute.
In refuting, we
prove an assertion to be untrue; in confuting, we prove it to be positively false,

Sri*.

CONJUNCTURE

85

to silence.

fit

appropriate

consistent.

6n'&RU-ous-LY, adv. In a congru-

ous manner.
them up.
a.
1. Having the form
Act of taking leave farewell. 2. A ON-GLU'TI-NATE,r. t. [-ED -ING ] 6n'I,
6n'I-al,
of a cone. 2. Pertain[-ED
[Lat. conglutinare, conglutinatus, to
v. i.
bow or a courtesy.
ing to a cone.
-ING.] To take leave with, customary
glue together.] To glue together
Conic section, a curved line formed by
civilities.
to unite by some glutinous or tenathe intersection of a cone and plane.*
o\-geal', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
cious substance.
The conic sections are the parabola, hycongelare, from con and gelare, to CON-GLU'TI-NA'TION, ft. Act of gluperbola, and ellipse.
1. To freeze
ing together junction union.
freeze.]
to stiffen with
Co-NiF'ER-ous, a. [Lat. conus, cone,
cold. 2. To stiffen, as from the effect oN-GLU'Tl-NA-TiVE. a. Uniting by
andferre, to bear.] Bearing cones, as
glue or other like substance.
of terror.
v. i.
To grow hard or
the pine, fir, &c.
stiff from cold.
[ing congealed. Con'go,
n. [Chin, kung-foo, labor.] o'ni-form, a.
[Lat. conns, cone,
Akind of black tea.
o>T-GEAL'A-BLE,a. Capable of be- Con'uou,
and forma, shape.] In form of a
COXGE D'ELIRE (kon'jl-dl-leer'). CON-GRAT'U-LATE, V. t.
[-ED
cone corneal.
[Fr., leave to choose.]
King's per-ING.] [Lat. congratulari, congratu- CoN-JEt'T'UR-A-BLE,a. Capable of
mission to a dean and chapter to
latus, fr. con and gratuiari, to wish
[conjecture.
being conjectured.
'choose a bishop.
joy.]
To wish joy to on account of ON-JET'UR-AL, a. Depending on
6.Vge-la'tio\, n. 1. Process of
some happy event.
o\-JET'ur-al-ly, adv. In a concongealing. 2. Thing congealed.
Svx. To felicitate. We may felicijectural manner.
tate a friend on his marriage, meaning
Con'GE-ner, n. [Lat., from con and
Con-ject'ure (53), . Formation
that we wish him all joy; but to congener, birth, kind.]
A thing of the
of an opinion on. defective evidence.
gratulate, means to unite our joy with
same kind or nature.
[-ed; -ing.] [L. Lat. conv. t.
his.
A man whose mistress lias married
O.N-GE'M-AL, or ON-GEN'IAL
his rival may felicitate, but can hardly
jecturare, from Lat. con and jacere,
congratulate that rival on such an event.
(-3"al), a.
[Lat. con and genialis,
to throw.] To infer on slight evigenial.]
1. Partaking of the same eoN-GR.XTyu-LA'TIONjn. Actof condence tojsurmise to guess.
nature or feeling. 2. Naturally suited.
gratulating. _ ffers congratulation. Con-jegt'ur-er, n. One who cono\4e'.vi-al'i-ty, n.
Natural af- CoN-GRAT'u-LA'TOR,n. One who ofjectures.
suitableness.
finity
Con-GRAT'U-la-to-RY, a. Expres- on-join' } v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
Cox-ge'.vi-al-ness, n. Congeniality.
sive of congratulation.
eonjungc re, from con and jungere, to
CON-GEVI-TAL, la. [Lat. congeni- CoN'GRE-GATE (82), V. t.
[-ED;
join.]
1. To join together.
2. To
t'ON-GEN'ITE,
rws.from con and
-ING.]
[Lat. congregarf, congregaassociate.
v. i.
To unite to join.
genitus, born.] 1. Begotten together.
tum, from con and gregare, to collect Con-joint', a. United associated.
2. Dating from birth.
into a flock.]
To collect into an as- CON-JOINT'EY, adv. In a conjoint
Con'ger
(kong'gur, 82),
n.
sembly.
v.i.
To come together;
manner.

6n'GE

C6n'ger-eel
[Lat. conger,
yoyypos-] A large species of eel.
)

to assemble.

Gr.

eoVGRE-GA'TlON,

&

Con-ge'ri-es,

sembling.

Con'ju-GAL,
n.

1.

Act of

as-

A collection

of separate things. 3. An assembly of persons, esp. a reiigious assembly.

Cox'gre-ga'tion-al (82), a. Pertaining to a congregation, or to Congregationalism.

pi.
n. sing.
[Lat.,
fr. congerere, to bring together.]
collection of particles or bodies into
[lect into a mass.
one mass.
CON-GEST', v. t. [See supra.] To colt'ON-GES'TlON (-jest'yun), n.
Un-

2.

CoN'GRE-GA/TION-AL-ISM, n.
natural accumulation of blood.
A
system of church government which
Con-gest'ive, a. Indicating, or atblood
vests all power in the assembled
tended by, an accumulation of
brotherhood of each local church.
in some part of the body.
CON-GLA'Cl-A'TION (-gld'shi-), n. 6]V/GRE-GA TION-AL-iST, n. One
7

who

Act of
[Lat. conglaciare, to freeze.]
congelation.
ice

changing into

[-ED

to a Congregational
society.
n.
[Lat. congressus,
fr. congredi, to go or come together.]
meeting of two or more.
1.
2. A
formal assembly, as of representa-

Con'gress (82),

-ING.]

[Lat. conglobare,
a.
conglobatus, to gather into a ball.]
Formed or gathered into a ball.

GoJf-GLO'BATE-LY, adv. In a round

or roundish form.

ing into a ball

Con-globe',
gather into a

v.

little

ball.
v.

i.

round mass.

on-glom'er-ate

Connubially.
[-ed; -ing]

[Lat. conjugnre. conjugatus, from con

and jugare, to yoke, join.] To inflect, as verbs.
6n'ju-gate, n. One of two or
more words of the same stock.
a.
1. United in pairs.
2. Agreeing in

derivation with other words.

Conjugate diameter, a diameter parallel to a tangent at the vertex of the
primitive diameter.

-eoNMU-GA'TlON,
flecting, as

6n'gress-man

(45), a. [Lat. con-

co'lected.

Con-glom'er-ate,

1.

Collec-

2. A
rock,
accumulation.
composed of pebbles, cemented to-

WOLF, too,

TOt>li

URN,

(150), n.

A member Con-Jitnc'tive,

of the United States Congress.

6n'GRU-ENCE. n. [Lat. congruentia,
congruere, to agree.] Suitablefr.
ness agreement consistency.
6n'gru-ent (82), a.
Suitable;
agreeing consistent.
:

tion;

OR, do,

6n'JU-GAL-LY, adv.
6n'ju-gate, v. t.

body of senators and representatives for -GON-JUN-eT', a. [Lat. ronjitngere,con~

the two years during which the reprejunctus.] United; conjoined.
sentatives hold their seats, is called one
on-jun'tion, n. 1. Act of conCongre&t.
on-GRES'sion-AL (-gresh'un-), a.
joining.
2. Meeting of two or more
Pertaining to a congress.
To gather
stars or planets in the same degree
on-grs'si ve a. Coming together.
of the zodiac. 3. A connecting word.

glomerare , conglomcratus, to roll together.]

Gathered together in a

mass

Belonging
matrimonial

n.
Act of forma round body.
t.
[-ed -ing.] To

eo.v-GLOB'u-LATE.
into a

connubial.

1. Act of inn.
a verb. 2. A scheme in
which are arranged all the parts of
tives.
3. An assembly of senators
a verb. 3. A class of verbs inflected
and representatives.
in the same manner.
S- In the United States, the whole GON-JU'GI-AE, a. Conjugal.

CON-GLO'BATE,

COn'glo-ba'tion,

belongs

church or

'ON-GLO'BATE, r. i.
To form into a ball.

[Lat. conjugalis, fr.

a.

conjux, husband, wife.]

to the marriage state

rtte,

PULL

E,

I,

o, silent

,G,

2.

n.

1.

Serving to unite.

Closelv united.
[junction.

CoN-jaNe'TlVE-LY, adv.
In couon-jljNT'ly, adv. In union con;

jointly.

Con-jOnct'ure
connection.

soft; c, g, hard;

2.

(53),

An

As; EJIST

it.

1.

Union;

occasion or crisis

as

NG; THIS

CONJURATION

CONSERVE

86
bring completely under, as
is to bring

as the effect of a concurrence of cir-

subdue

cumstances.

one's enemies ; to subjugate

under the yoke of bondage.

ConOu-ra'TJON,

n.

is to

Earnest or

1.

To
v. i.
solemn entreaty.
2. Incantation.
on'quer-a-ble (kor.k'er-), a. Ca-ing.] [Lat.
v. t. [-ed
pable of being conquered.
conjnrare, to swear together, to conspire.]
To call on in a solemn man- Con'QUER-or (konk'er-ur), n. One

on-jure',
.

(kun'jur), v. t.
To enchant; to charm; to bewitch.
v.
To practice magical arts.
i.
-on-JUR'ER, n. One who conjures,
[practices magic
or entreats.

or -CON-NATE' (114), a.
[Lat. connatus, from con an J natus,
born.] Born with another existing

Con'san-guin'i-ty,

from birth.

on'SCIENCE
1.

Inborn

in-

herent natural. 2. Participating of

the same nature.
on-n \tu-R.Xl'I-TY, n. Participation of the same nature.
o.\-NET', V. t. [-ed; -IN&.] [Lat.
connectere, from con and nectere, to
bind.] To fasten together to unite.
v. i.
To have a close relation.
ON-NET'ED-LY, adv. By connec;

tion.

on-NE'tion,

n. 1. Act of uniting,
or state of being united. 2. Persons
or things connected together. 3. One
connected by family ties.
Syn. Union; coherence; continuity;

n.

or forbearance to see a fault.

oN-NivE',r. i [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
connicere, to shut the eyes.] To fail
or forbear, by intention, to see.

on-N1V'ent,
see.

2.

a.

1.

Brought

Forbearing to

close together.

of cause and effect.

Syn. Effect; result. An effect is the
most immediate, spiinging directly froir.
some cause ;_a consequence is more remote, not being strictly cause nor yet a
mere sequence, but flowing out of and
following something on which it truly
depends; a result is still more remote id
variable, like the nbound of an elastic
body which falls in very different direc-

6n'scious

nects sentences.

One who, or that

[Connection.
which, connects.
on-nex'ion (-neVshun), n. Same as
ON-Nlv'ANCE, n. Intentional failure

lawfulness or unlawfulness of our

actions and affection?. 2. Theestimate
or determination of conscience. 3.
Reasonableness.
tJon'sci-en'tious (kXn'shi-), a. 1.
Governed by a strict regard to the
dictates of conscience. 2. Characterized or regulated by a regard to
conscience.
6n / sci-Ln'tious-ly, adv. In accordance with the directions of con[iot.s regard to conscience.
science,
n. Scrupu(-shun-), a. [Irregularly formed from conscience.] Governed by conscience reasonable.

a. Having the power

n.
A word that
of connecting.
connects other words, or that con-

being consistent.

on-sent'ER, n. One who consents.

ON-SEN'TIENT (-sen'shent), a. [See
Consent.] Agreeing in opinion.
6n'se-quence, n. 1. That which
follows something on which it depends. 2. A logical conclusion inference
deduction. 3. Connection

vJon/sci-EN'tioDs-ness,

<:"on-NET'ive,

ity of

[Lat.
conscitntia, fr. conscire, to know.]
The faculty which decides on the

6n'SCION-a-ELE

junction; intercourse.

on-NET'or,

Relationship

(kon'shenss), n.

1.

n.

by blood or birth.

a.

SAN-GUlN'E-Ot;S, rt. [Lat. consanguineus, fr. con and sanguis,

blood.] Belated by birth.

6N'NATE,

Con-nat'U-RAL,

ceive, think.]
1. To agree in opinion. 2. To give assent.

6N

One who

(ktin/jur-er), n.

&e. 3. Voluntary accord

ance with what is done by another.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. consentire, from con and sentire, to feel, per
qualities,

v.i.

Syn. To yield; assent agree; allow.

who conquers.
Con/quest (konk'west, 82), n. 1. Act 6n/sen-ta'ne-ous, a. Consistent;
agreeable
or accordant.
2. That which is
of conquering.
6N'SEN-TA'NE-oCs-LY,arff. Agreeconquered.
ably
consistently.
Syn. Victory subjugation; subjecGon'sen-ta/ne-oOs-ness, n. Qualtriumph.
tion

ner; to adjure.

gain the victory.

Con'jure

6n'JUR-er

(kon'shus, 63), a. [Lat.

conscius, fr. con and scire, to know.]
1. Possessing the power of knowing
one's own thoughts. 2. Possessing
knowledge. 3. Made the object of
consciousness.
^ON'sciotJs-LY, adv. "With knowledge of one's own mental operations.

si

tions.

We may

foresee the effects of a

measure, may conjecture

but can rarely discover

ces,

6n'se-QUENT,

its

consequen-

its final results.

[Lat. consequi,
covseqvens.] 1. Following as a result
or inference. 2. Following by necessary inference, or rational deduction.
That which naturally follows
n.
or results a conclusion or inference.
a.

tJon'se-quen'tial,

a. 1. Followirg
2. Asconsequence.
CON'SE-QUEN'TJAL-EY, adv. 1. By
consequence. 2. With assumed im-

as a consequence or result.

suming an

air of

portance.

6n'se-QUENT-ly, adv. By

natural
or logical sequei.ee or connection.

6n'scious-NESS, n. 1. Knowledge on-SERV'a-BLE, a. Capable of being kept or piescrved.

of what passes in one's own mind.
2. Immediate knowledge of any ob- t*ON-sRV'AN-CY (14), n. Act of preserving; preservation.

ject whatever.

Gon-NIV'ER, n. One who connives. !6N'SRIPT, a. [Lat. conscribere, con- Cos-serVANT, a. Having the power
Con'nois-seur' (kSn'nis-sjjr' or
of preserving from decay.
Enrolled writscriptvs, to enroll.]
kon'nis-sfir', 33), n.
[Fr.]
A critAct of pren. Or.e taken by -Conner- va'tion, n.
ten; registered.
;

ical

judge or master of any art.

on-nO'bi-al,
fr. connubium

[Lat.

a.

5'NOID,ra. [Gr.
figs, fr. /cowos,

eiSos,

form.]

lot,

connubiah'.s,

marriage.]
ing to marriage corjugal
,

Pertainnuptial.

K<avoei-

cone,

o-Nom'AL,

a.

6n'SE-RATE,

[-ED; -ING.]
V. ,t.
[Lat. consecrare, consecratus, fr. con
and sacrare, to consecrate.] 1. To
make, or declare to be, sacred. 2. To
enroll among the gods or saints. 3.
[sacred.
To dignify.
6n'se-RATE (45), a. Consecrated
Con'se-cra'tion, n. Act or cere-

Nearly,

to serve as a sol-

viduals liable to draft.

and

solid

formed by the revolution of a conic section

about its axis.

5'noid,

and compelled

dier or sailor.

t^ON-SCRiP'TlON, n. 1. A registering.
2. A compulsory enrollment of iodU

Conoid.

but

not exactly, conical.

la. Pertaining to a
[secrates.
mony of consecrating.
6o-noid'I'-al, f
having C6n'se-RA'tor. n. One who conconoid;
the form of a conoid.
a.
[Lat. consequi,
6n'quer (konk/er, 82), v. t. [-ED eoN-SE'U-TlVE,
consecntus, to follow.] 1. Following
-ING.] [Lat. conquirtre to seek for,
successive. 2. Following,
in a train
to bring together.] 1. To gain or
as a consequence or result.
acquire by force. 2. To subdue or
ON-SE'U-TiVE-LY,af/r. By way of
overcome by mental or moral power.
consequence, or succession.
Syn.
To suhduc vanquish subjuAgreement in
n.
1.
gate. Conquer is generic
to vanquish on-sent',
opinion. 2. Correspondence in parts,
is to conquer by fighting, as a foe
to

Co-noid'ic,

i,

f,

I,

5, U,Y, long; X,%,1.,6,tl,,short;

serving; preservation.

on-srv'a-tism,

n.
[From conserDisposition to preserve what
established.
-Con-sErv'a-tIve, a.
1. Preserva-

vative.]
is

2. Disposed to maintain existtive.

n. 1. One who, or
ing institutions.
that which, preserves. 2. One who

desires to maintain existing institutions.

CON'SER-VA'TOR, Or "C6n'SER-VA / TOR, n. One \. ho preserves from

injury, violation, or innovation.

on-serv'a-to-ky

(10),

Having

a.

n. 1. A
the quality of preserving.
green-house for tender plants. 2. A
public place of instruction in some
branch of learning or the fine arts.

ON-sERVE'

[-ED -ING.]
(14), r. t.
[Lat. conservare, fr. rov and sen-are,
to
1.
To s-:ve
to keep, guard.]
preserve. 2. To prepare with sugar,
&c, as fruits, &c
;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM S6N,
;

CONSERVE
>6n'srve,

n.

CONSTRICTION

87

A sweetmeat made

of

on-sol'A-to-RY

Tending on-stXb'u-la-ry,

(50), a.

fruit, &c, prepared with sugar.

to give consolation.
C'OX-SID'ER, tf. l. [-EU ;-ing.] [Lat. on-sole', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
rjnsidernre.]
1. To think on with
consolari, fr. con and solari, to comfort.] To cheer in distress or deprescare. 2. To take into view or ac-

count.

To estimate

3.

to think.

v. i.
To reflect to deliberate.
ox-sid'er-a-ble, a. 1. Possessing
;

consequence or importance

respect-

able. 2. Of importance or value.

Cox-sTd'er-a-bly, adv. In a con-

siderable decree.

Gox-sid'ER-ate
the rights,
others.

Mindful of

(45), a.

and

claims,

feelings of

ox-slD'ER-ATE-LY, adv.

In a con-

siderate manner.
Gon-sid'er-a'tion,

1. Act of
n.
considering; deliberation. 2. Appre3. Claim to notice or
ciative regard.
4. Motive; reason; influregard.

ence. 5. Compensation equivalent.

'ON-si d'er-e R, ii. One who considers.
[-ED; -iXG.]
C' OX-SIGN' (-sin'), V.l.
1.
[Lat. consignare, to real or sign.]
2. To
To give in a formal manner.
;

to intrust. 3. To give into

the hands of an agent for sale, &c.
Syx. To commit; deliver; intrust.
To commit is generic to intrust, is to

commit

commit as a

is

manner.

trust or deposit
to deliver over in a formal

to consign

man may commit a lawsuit to his attorney, may intrust a child to his friend,
may consign goods to an agent.
6n'SIGN-EE' (k5u'sT-nee'), n. One

whom

goods are delivered in trust,

to
for sale or superintendence.
ox-sign'er (-sin'er), n. One who
consigns.

'ox-sign'.\iext (-shy-), n.

1.

Act of

consigning. 2. Thing consigned.

<E,'ON-SIGN'OR (-sin 7 -), n.
One who
consigns or makes a consignment,
[-ED
t'OXSlST', v. i.
-ING.J [Lat. consister*, fr. con and sister?, to stand.]
1. To be
to exist; to subsist.
2.
To be consistent or harmonious.
Condition
ox-siST'ENOE, In.
1.
t'ON-SIST'EN-CY,
of standing together.
2. Degree of firmness or
density. 3. Agreement or harmony.
t'ON-s'lST'ENT, a. 1. Possessing firmness or fixedness. 2. Having harmo;

ny among

its parts.

Syx. Accordant; harmonious

gruous

compatible

s' ?tent manner.

OON'SIS-TO'KI-AL.

con-

uniform.

ON-SIST'ENT-LY, adv.

In a con[consistory.

a.

Pertaining to

:i

on-sis'to-ry (113), n. [See Consist.] 1. Any solemn assembl'. 2.

spiritual court.

3.

College of car-

dinals at Rome.
-GOX-SO'CI-ATE (-s5'shT-, 63), v. t.
[ED; -ING.] [Lat. ronsociare, consociation, fr. con and sociare, to join.]
associate.
v. i.
To form an association.
1.
t'ON-SO'CI-A'TION (-so'shi-), n.

To

Intimate unio i.
2. A confederacy
or union of neighboring churches.
a. Capable of receiving consolation.
1. Alleviation
Gon'so-la'tion, n.
of misery. 2. That which comforts.

ON-sOL'A-Br,E,

or, do,

sion.

To

soothe
solace
comfort
encourage support.
6N'soLE,n. [Fr.] A bracket ; or a
projecting ornament on the keystone
of an arch.
on-s6l'i-date, v. t. [-ed: -ing.]
[Lat. consolidare, consolidation from

Syn.

cheer; sustain

a.

Pertaining to

constables.

6n'stan-cy,

Quality of beSteady, unshaken

1.

ii.

ing constant.
2.
determination.
Syn. Fixedness

stability; steadi;
ness; steadfastness; resolution.
a.
[Lat. constans, p. pr.
of constare, to stand firm.] 1. Not
liable or given to change.
2. Remaining unchanged or invariable.
11.
That which is not subject to

6n'STANT,

change.

[cy

firmly

6n'stant-LY, adv. With constaii1.

con and solidare, to make firm.]
To unite together into a compact GoN'STEL-LA'TION, n. [Lat. consiellatio, fr. con and stellar e, to set with
mass. 2. To unite, as various parstars.]
A cluster of fixed stars.
v.i.
ticulars, into one body.
To
GoN'STER-NA'TlON,
11.
[Lat. COtlunite and become solid.
slernatio, fr. consternare, to overcome,
on-sol'i-date (45), a. Formed inperplex.]
Amazement
or
terror
that
[solidating.
to a solid mass.
confounds the faculties.
on-s6l/i-DA'tion, n. Act of con
Syn.
See
Alakm.
on-s6l2', or 6n'sols, n. pi. The
5n'STI-PATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
leading English funded government
[Lat. constipare, constipatus, fr. con
security, formed by the consolidation
of different annuities.

6n'so-nance, )n. 1. A pleasing

6n'so-nax-cy,
accord of sounds
J

produced simultaneously.

2.

A state

of agreement.

6n'so-NANT,

consonare,
the same
Having agreement; cona.

[Lat.

consonans, to sound at
time.]

1.

Harmonizing together.
n. An articulate sound, usually combined with a more open sound called
a vowel also, a letter representing
such a sound.
sistent.

2.

6n'so-nant-ly, adv. Agreeably.

Gon'so-NOUS, a. Agreeing in sound.
6n'SORT, ii. [Lat. consors, from con
and sors, lot, fate.] A companion or
partner

band

especially,

a wife or hus-

a spouse.

[associate.

on-s6rt'

(25), v. i. [-E3 ; -ing.] To

eoN-SPie'U-OUS, a. [Lat. conspiciuts,
fr. conspicere, to behold attentively.]

and stipare, to crowd together.] 1.

To stop, as a passage. 2. To render
costive.

Gon'sti-pa/tion,

Act of crowdcondensation.
2.

n. 1.

ing or stuffing;
Costiveness.

[constituents.

on-stit u-en-cy, n.
A body
ON-STIT'u-ENT, a. 1. Serving
;

of
to

component elemental.
form
2.
Having the power of electing or ap;

pointing.
n. 1. The person or thing
that constitutes.
2. A component
part an element. 3. One who assists to elect a representative.
6n-'sti-tute (30), v. t. [-ed -ing,]
[Lat. constituere, constilutiim, fr. con
;

and

statuere, to place, set.]

1. To
establish to enact. 2. To compose
to form.
3. To appointor depute.
6n'sti-tu'tion, n.
1. Act of constituting.
2. Natural condition.
3.
Fundamental laws of a state or other
;

organized bodv of men. 4. An authoritative ordinance or enactment.

a.
1. Belonging
to the constitution.
2. In acSyx. Distinguished; eminent; illuscordance with the constitution of a
trious; prominent; celebrated.
-CoN-spfe'tJ-OUS-LY, adv. In a congovernment or societj'.
spicuous manner.
6n'sti-tu'tion-al/i-ty, n. State
"ON SPIO'U-OUS-NESS, ii.
State of
of being constitutional.
being conspicuous.
CON'STI-TU'TION-AL-LY, adv.
In
GoN-SPiR'A-CY, n. 1. A combination
accordance with the constitution.
of two or more for an evil purpose. 6N'STI-TU/TiVE, a.
Tending, or
2. A concurrence or general tendenhaving power, to constitute.
cy to one event
ON-STRAIN', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
Combination plot cabal.
Syx.
constringere, fr. con and stringere, to
on-spir'A-tor, n. One who condraw tight.]
1. To hold back by
spires^
2. To urge with irresistible
force.
ON-SPlRE', v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
power.
conspirare, from con and spirare, to
S yx.-_To compel force drive impel.
breathe.] 1. To unite or covenant on-strain'a-ble, a.
Capable of
together for an evil purpose to plot
being constrained.
[strains.
together. 2. To concur to one end
on-strain'er, ii. One who conto agree.
on-straint', n. 1. Act of constrainGon-spir'er, 11. One who conspires.
ing, or state of being constrained. 2.
-Con'sta-ble (kuVsta-bl), n.
That which constrains.
[L.
Lat. constabulus, comestabultts, comes ON-STRlT', V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
stabuli, orig. count of the stable,
[Lat. constringere constriction.
See
master of the horse.] 1. A high offiConstrain.] To contract or cause
cer in the monarchical establishto shrink.
ments of the middle ages. 2. An on-str!''tion, n. Act of constrictofficer of the peace.
ing, or state of being constricted.

Obvious to the eye ; manifest. 2.

Clearly or extensively known, per1.

ceived, noted.

wolf, too, took; urn, rue, pull

Gon'sti-tu'tion-al,

E,

I,

o, silent

c, g, soft; o, g, hard; Ag;

exist

as

ng

this.

CONSTRICTOR

CONTENTEDLY

88

ON-STRlT'OR,
stricts,

n. That which con- ON-SUME', V. I. [-ED

-ING.] [Lat.
moderating moderation. 2. Propor.
draws together, or contracts.
consumere, to take.]
To destroy, as
tionate mixture.
-ING.]
by decomposition, dissipation, waste, 6n'tem-plate,
or
on-tem'v. i. To waste away slowly.
togethor fire.
PLATE (117), V. t. [-ED; -ING]
;

ON-STRlNGE', V. t.
[-ED
[See Constrain.] To draw
;

to contract.

on-strin'gent,

Having the

a.

quality of contracting.

ON-STRUT',

V.

[-ED;

t.

er

-ING.]
con

[Lat. construere, constrnctum,

fr.

Syn. To destroy; absorb; waste; expend^squander; lavish; dissipate.

on-sum/er, n. One who consumes.

ON'SUM-MATE, orON-SDM'MATE,
v. t.
[Lat. consummate, consummatum, fr. con and summa, sum.] To

and struere, to pile up, set in order.]

bring to completion to perfect.
1. To put together the constituent
on-sDm'MATE (45), a. Carried to the
parts of. 2. To devise and arrange.
utmost extent complete perfect.
Syn.- To build; erect form; make;
on-sum'mate-LY, adv. In a confabricate.
summate manner.
<3on-struT'ER, n. One who con/
;

6n sum-ma'tion,

structs.

on-strtjc'tion,

n.

1.

Act of con-

fabrication. 2. Structure
Syntactical ar3.
conformation.
rangement. 4. Interpretation ; sense.

structing

)ON-struc'tion-al,

a.

Pertaining

n.
Completion
perfection.
on-sDmp'tion (84), n. 1. Act of

termination

consuming. 2. State of being consumed.

3. A gradual decay of the
body especially a disease seated in
;

the lungs,

to construction.

&c

[Lat. contemplari, contemplates, to

look around carefully, to consider.]
1. To regard with deliberate care,
to meditate on; to study.
2. To
look forward to.
Syn. To meditate; intend. Wc

meditate a design when we are looking

out or waiting for the means of its accomplishment; we contemplate it when
the means are at hand, and our decision
is nearly or quite made; to intend is

stronger.

v.

To think studiously;

i.

Act of con-

n.

templating meditation.
'on-tEm'pjl,a-TIVE, a.
Pertaining
to, or
given to, contemplation
;

studious

!on-struc'tion-'ist, n.
One who oN-su.viP'TiVE, a. 1. Destructive;
wasting.
2. Affected with, or inconstrues a public instrument.
clined to, consumption.
on-struct'iVE, a 1. Having abilON-sUMP'TlvE-EY, adv. In a way
2. Derived by inity to construct.
tending to consumption.
[of construction.
terpretation,

to

ponder.

CoN'TEM-PLA'TION,

thoughtful.

ON-TEM'PLA-TlVE-LY,

adv.

With

contemplation.

on-tm'pla-tYve-ness,

n-

State

of being contemplative.

6n'tem-pla'tor,

n.

One who con-

templates.
By way on'TAT,b. [Lat. contingere, contactum, to touch on all sides.] A Con-tem'po-ra'ne-ous, a.
[Lat.
CON-STRC'eT'iVE-NESS, n. The faccontempcraneus, fr. ron and Umpns,
close union of bodies a touching
ulty which leads to the formation of

CoN-STRUCT'iVE-LY, adv.

on-ta'gion,

parts into a whole.

Contact.]

n. [See

1.

Living, acting, or trantpirir.g

time.]

at the same time.

Communication of a disease from one
person to another, by contact. 2. ON-TEM'PO-R A'NE-otJS-LY, arff. At
the same tin. e with some other event.
Pestilential influence.
oN-TA'Glous,a. 1. Communicable ON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [Lat. ron and
terpret.
temporarius, of or belonging to time.]
by contact or approach catching.
GON'STU-PRATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
Contemporaneous.
n.
One who
2. Pestilential.
3. Spreading from
[Lat. const uprare, constupratus, from
lives at the same time v>ith another.
one to another.
con and stuprare, to ravish.] To vio-

[-ED; -ING.] [See

Construct.] To explain the construction of, as of a sentence to in-

fc'oN'STRUE, r.

t.

late the person of.

[ing.

Con'stu-pra'tion, n. Act of ravishCon'sub-st^m'tial, a. Having the

same substance.
6n'sub-st Xn'tiate (-sh!-at) v. t.
[-ED -ING] [Lat. con and substanTo ujite in one
tia, substance.]
;

common

substance or nature.

CoN'SUB-STAN/TI-A'TION

(-shl-aV-

shun),. Actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the

bread and wine of the Lord's supper.

Syn. Contagious;

6n'sul,

on-t ain'a-ble

a.

chief magistrates of the Roman republic. 2. (Fr. Hist.) One of three

supreme magistrates of France from
1799 to 1804. 3. An officer appointed
by a government to protect the commercial and other interests of its citi[sul.
zens in some foreign country.
CoN'su-LAR, a. Pertaining to a con6n'su-l,ate, n. Office, jurisdiction,
or residence, of a consul.
6n'sul-ship, n. Office or term of
office of a consul.
t'ON-SULT', V. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
consulere, cotisultutri.] To reek opinion or advice.
v. t.
1. To ask advice of. 2. To decide or to act in
favor of. 3. To deliberate upon.
Con'SUL-TA'tion, n. 1. Act of consulting.
2. A meeting of persons to
consult together.
GON-SULT'ER, n. One who consults.
ON-sfJM'A-BL,E, a.
Capable of be-

CON-TAM'I-NATE,

V.

[Lat., from consulere, to

n.
1. One of two
deliberate, consult.]

ing consumed.
A, 2,1, o, u, Y,long; A,E,

L6,0,

infectious. These

words have been used in very diverse

senses; but, in general, a contagiovs disease is one which is caught from another
by contact, by the breath, by bodily
effluvia, &c, while an infectious one supposes some entirely different cause acting by a hidden influence, like the miasma of prison-ships, of marshes, &c,
infecting the system with disease.
ON-TAlN', V.'t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
continere, fr. con and tenere, to hold.]
2.
3. To comprehend ; to comprise.
To beable to hold ; to inclose.

t.

[-ED

DespicaKle is stronger
palry; pitiful.
than contemptible, and pitij'vl than paltry.

A man

or wicked

is
;

despicable for what is base

contemptible for what is

weak, foolish,

when

pollute; defile.

corrupt; tainted.

Con-Tam'i-na'tion,

&c

thing

is

pitiful

Pollution;

n.

-ING.]
con and lemnere,
To consider and
t.

[-E

L>

indicates

on-tempt'u-ous,

fr.

defilement.

ON-TEMN' (-tgm'), V.

it

temptible manner.
a.
Expressing
contempt or disdain scorniul.
To oN-TEJVlPT'u-oDs-LY, adv.
In a
contemptuous manner.
oN-TND', v. i [-EDI-ING.] [Lat.
contendere, from con and tendere. to

-ING.]

[Lat. contaminarr, cor.taminatus,

con and taminare, to violate.]
corrupt bv defiling contact.
a.

[Lat. contemp1. Act of contemning. 2. State of being despised.

Syn. Disdain: scorn; contumely.
on-tempt'i-bl,e, a.
"Worthy of
contempt.
despicable
Syn. Contemptuous

meanness and timidity,

paltrif when low and worthless.
Capable of be- Con-tempt'i-bly, adv.
In a con-

ing contained.

To
SYN.Polluted;

Con-tempt' (84), v.
tits
See Contemn.]

[Lat. contemnere, fr.

to slight, despise.]
treat with disdain.
Syn. Despise ; scorn; disdain.
Contemn is generic; to despise is to regard or treat as mean, unbecoming, or
worthless: to scorn is stronger, expressing a quick, indignant contempt: disdain is still stronger, denoting either a
generous abhorrence of what is hisc, or
unwarrantable pride and haughtiness.

Con-TEM'ner,h. One who contemns.

GON-TEM'PER, v. t. [Lat. contempe-

1. To strive in opposition.
stretch.]
2. To strive in debate.
oN-TiiND'ER, n. One who contends.
t'ON-TENT', a. [Lat. contentus, p. p.
of continere, to hold together.] Hav-

ing the desires limited by present env.t. 1. To satsatisfied.

joyment

mind

of. 2. To please or gratmo<lerato

1. Satisfaction
happiness. 2. That which contents.
6n'tent, cr Con-tent', n. 1.
usually
That which is contained
2. Power of containing
in the pi.

isfy

ify.

the

n.

capacity

from con and temperare, to tem- Con-tent'ed, a. Content; satisfied.

on-tent'eb-LY| adv. In a conTo temper to moderate.
tented manner.
ON-TM'PER-A'TION, n. 1. Act of
rare,
per.]

y, short;

care, far, ask, ael,

what

ERE, veil, term; pique, fIrm; s6n,

CONTENTION
Con-ten'tion,

n. 1.

violent strug-

Syn.

sension

on-tKn'gent-ly, adv.

variance.

on-tent'jient, n. 1.
of mind acquiescence
;

That which

6n'tents,
See

n. pi.

on-tents'
Content, n.

(114),

<:'ON-TER'AJI-NOUS. a. [Lat. conterminus, from con and terminus, border.]

Bordering contiguous.
"ON-TEST', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

contestari, to call to witness.]

make a

subject of dispute.

1.

2.

tion.

To Con-tin'u-al-ly, adv. 1. Without

To
cessation. 2. Very often.
on-tTn'u-ance,ji. 1. Permanence,

strive earnestly to hold or maintain.

Syn. To dispute; controvert; debate.
to vie.
v. i. To contend
6n'test, n. 1. Strife in argument.
2. Strife in arms.
Conflict combat encounter;
Syn.
strife.
Strife is generic; an encounter

as of condition, habits, abode, &c.

Uninterrupted succession
continuation.

2.

a sudden and hostile meeting; a conflict is a violent meeting of the parties; a

combat is a deadly conflict of two or
more.
fTON-TEST'A-BLE, a. Capable of being contested, [tests an opponent.
is

contracts, or

n.

[Lat.]

One who

makes a

contract.
A dance in
n.
which the partners are arranged in
opposite lines.
CoN'TRA-DlCT', V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. contradicere, contradictum, fr.
contra and dicere, to say, speak.] 1To assert the contrary of; to deny.
2. To oppose.

Con'tra-dance,

CoN'TRA-Die'TION,

n.

1.

An

asser

denial. 2. Dition of the contrary

conincongruity
rect opposition
;

"Gon-tin'u-a'tion, n.
1. Unintertrariety.
rupted extension or succession. 2. -GoN'TRA-Dl-e'TIOUS, a. 1. Filled with
That which extends or increases, &c.
contradictions. 2. Inclined to conon,-tin'u-a tor, n. One who con[contradiction.
tradict,
/

tinues.

ON-TlN'UE,

v. i. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.

continuare.] 1. To remain in a given
place or condition. 2. To be permanent or durable. 3. To be steadfast
or constant to endure.
v. I.
To

One who con-

n.

abbreviation or contraction.

on-traT'oe,

on-test'ant,

(.tract.

its whole course, as, a continuous discourse or traiu of thought; it iscontinual

when, with perhaps brief interruptions,
it steadily recurs again, as. continual
showers. Perpetual is sometimes used
for continual in a stronger sense, as,
perjietual applications
sometimes for
continuous and lasting, as, perpetual mo-

affords satisfaction.

or

Con.

n.

tractibility.

on-TRAT'I'le, a. Tending to conCON'TRAC-TII/I-TY, n.

Inherent
force by which bodies contract.
per- on-tra'tion, .
continuous
1. Act of concontinuous which
tracting.
2. Any thing in a state oi

often repeated.
Constant
Syn.
petual.
thing is
flows on without interruption through

Satisfaction
content. 2.

ON-TRAT'I-BLE-NESS,

Proceeding with2. Very frequent

1.

out interruption.

a.
1. Apt to conRelating to contention.

2.

Accidental-

ly or incidentally.

ON-TlN'U-AE,a.

t on-ten'tious,
tend.

CONTRAVENE

89

2. Strife in debate.
Strife: contest; quarrel; dis-

gle.

;,

6N

TRA-DlT'IVE,

Con'TRA-digt'o-ry,
the contrary.

2.

Containing
a.
a. 1. Affirming

Inconsistent.

Con'TRA-DIS-TINC'tion,

n.

Dis-

tinction by contrast.
CON'TRA-DIS-TINCT'IVE, a. Distinprolong to persist in.
guishing
by contrast.
of a discourse which precede or fol- 6n'ti-nu'i-ty, n.
Uninterrupted CoN'TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH, v. t. [-EB
low a sentence quoted.
connection cohesion.
distinguish by contrast.
-ING.]
To
t'ON-TEXT'URE (53), n. Composition eoN-TiN'u-oij's, a. Without break,
ON-TR\L'TO, n. [It., from contra,
of parts ;_ooustitution. [contiguous.
cessation, or interruption.
alto.] (Mus.) (a.) Part
and
against,
6n'T[-gu'i-ty, n.
State of being on-tin'u-ous-ly, adv. In a consung by the highest male or lowest
oN-TIG'U-OJS, a. [Lat. conti^uus,
tinuous manner.
voices
the alto or counterfemale
fr. contingere, to touch on all sides.]
-Con-tort', v. t. [Lat. contorquere
tenor, {b.) Voice or singer performIn actual or close contact touching.
contortum, from con and torquere, to
this part.
ing
Syn. Adjoining; adjarent Things
twist.]
To twist together.
6n'tra-rie, n.pl. (Logic.) Propare adjacent when they lie near to each

t'ON'TEXT,

[Lat. conieztus, from

n.
co ntexere, to knit together.]
Parts

Other without touching, as, adjacent

fields; adjoining when they meet or join
at some point, as, adjoining farms; contiguous when they are brought more
continuously in contact, as, contiguous
buildings.

In a man-

on-tig'(J-ous-LY, adv.
ner to touch.

[contact.

Con-tig'u-ous-ness,

6n'TI-NENCE,

n.

State

of

Voluntary
straint put

re-

11.

6n'TI-nen-'cy,
one's desires and passions
I

on

chastity.
6n'ti-nent,. [Lat. continens, fr.
continere, to hold together.]
Restraining the indulgence of desires or
passions; temperate: chaste.
n. 1.
One of the larger bodies of land on
the globe. 2. Main laud of Europe.
6n'ti-nent'al, a. 1. Pertaining to
a continent. 2. Pertaining to the
;

main land of Europe.

to the

3.

Pertaining

American colonies in the time

of the Revolutionary war.

CoN'TI-NENT-LY, adv. Chastelv.

tON-TIN'GENCE. )?i. 1. Quality of
eoN-TlN'GEN-CY,
being contingent.
2. An event which may ocI

[Lat. contingent,
1.
p. pr. of contingere, to happen.]
Possible, or liable to occur.
2.
De-

pendent on what

is

unknown.
n.
That which

1.

portionment

writhing

undetermined or

contingency.

falls to

one in an ap-

a quota.

n.

twisting;

wry motion.

(kcrn-tobr/), n. [Fr., from

con and tour, Gr. ropvos, lathe.]
Bounding line outline.
6n'TRA-b.and. a. [L. Lat. contrabannum. prop., contrary to public
;

proclamation.] Prohibited by law or

n.
1. Prohibtreaty; forbidden.
ited merchandise or traffic.
2.
negro slaTe. [Amer.]
ON-TRACT', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
contrakere contractu??!, from con and
trahere, to draw.]
1. To draw together or nearer. 2. To bring on to
be liable to. 3. To make a bargain
4. To betroth
to affiance. 5.
for.
To unite into one long vowel or diphthong.
Syx. To shorten condense; reduce.

v. i. 1. To be drawn
To make an agreement

together.

2.
to bargain.
beparties.
2. A
;

Con'TRACT,

n.

An agreement

1.

tween two or more

in which concurrent vowels

word

are contracted.
Covenant compact stipulaSyx.
tion.
A covenant is a mutual agreement: a contract is such ;>n agreement
reduced to writing; a stipulation is one
of the articles or parts of a coutmct
a
compact is a mo-e solemn and binding
_

cur possibility.
on-ti'n'gent, a.

2.

on-tor'tion,

Con-tour'

c ntract.

CoN-TRXcT'1-BIl'I-TY,
ity

CapabilM.
of being contracted, [contraction.
a.
Capable of

oN-TRAT'l-Br,E,

OR.DQ. WQLF, TOO, TO~OK; URN, XUE, PULL

E,

I,

o, silent

opposed in quality only, but

of which the falsehood of one does
not establish the truth of the other.
Con'TRA-RI'E-TY, n. 1. State of beositions

ing contrary to. 2. Something which

is contrary to something else.
Syx. Inconsistency; opposition; disagreement.
Con'tra-ri-ly, adv. In a contrary

manner;

in opposition.
1. On the
In a contrary order.

Con'tra-ri-wise, adv.
contrary.

2.

GoN'TRA-RY,

[Lat. contrarius, fr
different: concontra.] 1. Opposite
tradictory. 2. Given to opposition.
n.
1. A thing of contrary or opproposition conposite qualities. 2.
trary to another.
ON-TRAST', V. I. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
contra, pgainst, and stare, to stand.]
To set in opposition, with a view to
show the superiority of one thing
To be or stand
1\ i
over another.
in contrast or opposition.
a.

6n'trast,

n.

Opposition of things

or qualities.

6n'trA-val-la'tion,

n.

trench

guarded with a parapet, formed by

the besiegers between their camp
and the place besieged.
6n'tra-vene', V. t. [-ED; -INC.]
[L Lat. contravenire, fr. Lat. contra,
against, and venire, to come.]
To
in conflict with.

come

$.&,soft; ,Q,hard; AS

EXIST; N as NG; THIS-

CONTRAVENTION
Syn. To contradict

obstruct

pose.

6n'tra-ven'tion,
obstruction.

Opposition

n.

CONVEXITY

90
op-

[to the opposite side.

6N'TU-MA'cio0s,

Willfully
perseveringly disobedient.

and

which

is received or established by
informal agreementtloN'TU-MA'cloC's-LY, adv. In a con- on-ven'tion-al-Yst, n. One whc
tumacious manner.
is governed by conventionalism.

a.

^ON'TRA-vfiR'siON, n.
A turning CoN'TU-MA'cioGs-NESS, n. ObstieoN-TRi'B'U-TA-RY, a. Paying tribnacy stubbornness.
ute contributing aid.
6n'tu-ma-('v, n. [Lat. contumacia,
tJON-TRlB'UTE, t\ t. [-ED -ING.]
fr. eontumux, insolent.]
Persistent
[Lat. contribuere, contributum, from
obstinacy.
con and tribuere, to grant, impart.]
Syn. Stubbornness; perverseness.
To give to a common stock or for a 6n'tu-me'li-ous, a. Overbearingly
common purpose.
v. i.
To give
contemptuous insolent.
a part to_lend assistance or aid.
6n'TU-ME'li-ous-ly, adv.
ReCon/tri-bu'tion, n. 1. Act of conrudely
proachfully
insolently.
tributing. 2. That which is con6n'tu-ME-LY, n. [Lat. conlumelia.]

Con-ven'tion-al'i-ty,

ON-VEN'TiON-AL-LY,a/i\ Inaconventional manner.

ON- VERGE',

1\ i. [-ED; -ING.] [N.

Lat. convergere, fr. con and vfrgere,
to turn, incline.] To incline and approach nearer together.

tributed.

on-trib'u-tIve,

Tending

to
[tributes.

a.

contribute.

on-TRIB'u-tor, n. One who conon-trib'u-to-ry, a. Contributing

to the same stock or purpose.
>6n'trIte,

[Lat. conterere, eon-

a.

Broken

tritus, to grind, to bruise.]

down with grief or penitence.

Syn. Penitent repentant.
6n'trite-LY, adv. In a contrite
;

fON-VER'GENCE,
on-ver'gen-cy,
on-ver'gent, a.

and

of

2. State

bruising.
bruised.

course informal talk.

Syn. Talk; chat; conference. Talk

being

volves a pun.
of being contrite deep sorrow for sin.
[-ED -ING.]
Syn.
Repentance.
Contrition is a ^ON'VA-LESCE', V. i.
[Lat. co?ivalescere,fr. con and valescontinuous state of grief and self-conrepentance is nn act in
demnation
cere, to grow strong.]
To recover
which, with sorrow for our sins, we rehealth and strength after sickness.
nounce them.
oN-TRiv'A-BEE,a. Capable of being Con'va-les'cjence, n. Recovery
6n'va-les'cen-cy,
of
health
contrived.
and strength after disease.
<3on-triv'ance, n. 1. Act of coneoN'vA-LES'CENT,
a.
Recovering
triving. 2. Thing contrived device.
health and strength.
n.
One re<30N-TRIVE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [0.
covering from sickness.
[convened.
Fr. contreuver, from eon and treuver,
To form by an exercise of on-ven'A-BLE, a. Capable of being
to find.]
[-ei; -ING.] [Lat.
cw-VENE',r.
ingenuity.

*;

is broken,
is still

familiar, and versatile; chat

more so; conrerxation i> more continuous and sustained; a conference i
held for the discussion of some important
topic.

Con'ver-sa'tion-al,
to conversation

/'.

ject

devise

invent; plan

pro-

plot.

!ON-TRiv'ER,
Gon-tr5l.', n.
ter register,

One who

n.

fr.

contrives.

[Fr. cont/Cle, a councontre-rvle, fr. contre,

and rOle, roll, catalogue.] 1.

That which serves to check, restrain,

against,

Restraining influence.
138.] To exercise a restraining influence over.
on-trol'la-ble, a. Capable of
being controlled.

or hinder.

v.t.

2.

[-led; -lino,

n. 1. An oflicer to
oversee, control, or verify the ac-

Con-trol'ler,

counts of other

officers.

2.

controls.

ON-TROL'LER-SHlP,

n.

One who

[controller.
Office of a

Con-trol'ment,

Power or act
n.
of controlling
state of being controlled,
[disputes.
eoN'TRO-vfiR'SIAE/a. Relating to
^Jon'tro-vEr'sial-ist, n. One who
carries on a controversy.
6n'tro-ver'sy, n.
protracted
contest or dispute.
Syn.
Contention; wrangle; strife.
;

6n'TRO-vrT,

V.

t.

troverts.

A, E,

l,

which

is

convenient; an accommo-

dation.

on-ven'ient
Convene.]

1.

[Lat. con-

(-yent), a.

veniens, p: pr.

of convenire.

See

Adapted to an end.

2.

Promotive of comfort or advantage.

Syn. Fit; suitable; adapted; suited.

on-ven'ient-ly, adv.

In a con-

venient manner.

6n'VENT, n.
Convent.]

[Lat. conventvs.
1.

See
body of monks or

nuns. 2. An abbey
a nunnery.

on-vent'i-le,.

a monastery

[See

Convent,

An assembly or gathering,
n.]
pecially for religious worship.

es-

on-ven'tion,?j. [See Convene.]

1. Act of coming together. 2. Arbi[-ED; -ING.]
trary custom
conventionalism. 3.
and vertere, to
Assembly of delegates or representa-

[Lat. contra, against,

turn.] To contend against in words
oi writings
to denv.
CoN'TRO-vliRT'l-BLE, a, Capable of
being controverted disputable.
Con'tro-vErt'IST, n. One who con:

convrnire, from con- and venire, to

come.] To come together to meet.
To cause to assemble; to
v. t.
call together.
on-ven'ience, ) n. 1. Fitness or
on-ven'ien-cy, J suitableness, as
adaptedness.
of place, time, &c.
2. Freedom from discomfort. 3. That

4.

on-VEN'TION-AL,
agreement.

2.

a.

1.

Formed by

Sanctioned by usage.

ON-VEN'TION-AL-lM,

n.

6,u, \,long; X,,L,6,u, y, short; care, far, Ask, all,

That

One

who

excels in conversation.
v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
conversari, fr. con and versari, to be

on-vers*:',
turned, to

company

live,

remain.]

1.

To keep

to commune.
2. To talk
to chat.
on'verse, n. 1. Familiarity; ac;

familiarly

quaintance
2.
Conversation.
3.
A proposition which is the reverse of
another.
a.
Turned about; reversed in order.
[manner.
Con'verse-ly, adv. In a converse
on-vr'sion, n. 1. A turning or
changing from o>-e state to another.
2. A radical change of heart.
on-vert', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
converter e, from con and vertere, to
turn ] To change from one form,
substance, religion, party, intended
use, or the like, to another.
6n'vert, n. A person who is converted from one opinion or practice
to another.
Syn.
Proselyte; neophyte; pervert.

Convert

is

generic,

and

refers to

change of mind or feelings; a proselyte

is one who, leaving his former sect or
system, becomes the adherent of another; a pervert is one who is drawn off or
perverted from the true faith.
eoN-VERT/i-BiL'i-TY, n. Quality of
being convertible.
Con-vert'i-ble, a. 1. Capable of
susceptible or
being converted
change; transmutable; transforma2. Capable of being exchanged
ble.
or interchanged reciprocal.
on-vrt'1-ely, adv. In a con;

An informal

or preliminary
compact, as between commanders of
armies.
tives.

Pertaining

a.

colloquial.

CoN'VER-SA'TION-AL-IST,

Syn. To

Tendency to
one point.
Tending to one

n.

Rudeness compounded of haughtipoint.

[conversation sociable.
ness and contempt.
on-ver'sa-ble, a. Qualified for
on-tuse', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. 6n'ver-sant, a. 1. Having frecontundere, contusitm, from con and
quent intercourse.
2 Acquainted
1. To beat or
tundere, to beat.]
by use or study versed. 3. Havii g
pound. 2. To bruise or injure by
relation.
beating.
6n'ver-sa'tion, n. 1. Behavior;
on-tu'ION, n. 1. Act of beating
deportment. [Obs.] 2. Familiar dis-

o-nun'DRUM,m. [Cf. 0. Eng. conne,

manner.
[itence.
cunne, to know.] A puzzling ques6N'TRiTE-NESS,ra. Contrition pention, of which the answer is or inttoN-TRl'TION (-trish'un), n. State

State of

n.

being conventional.

vertible

manner.

6n'vex.

a.
[Lat. convexus, fr. convehere, to bring together.]
Swelling
into a rounded form.
on-VEX'i-ty, n. Exterior surface
of a convex body.

what; ere,

veil,

trm; pique, fIrm;

s6n,

CONVEXLY

COPULA

91

65N'VEX-LY,arff. In a convex form. CoN'VOY, n. 1. A protecting force

con, and ordinare, ordinatus, to reg6lf'VEX-NESS, n.
ulate.]
Equal in rank or order.
State of being
accompanying ships or property on
Lines, or other elements of
convex convexity.
2.
n. pi
their way from place to place.
o\-Vx'0-ej\'AVE, a. Convex
reference,
by means of which the poThat which is convoyed.
sition of any point, as of a curve, is
on one side, and concave on the Con-vOlse', v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [Lat.
defined
with
respect to certain fixed
other.
[both sides.
and
convellere, convulsum, from con
'on-vex'o-ON'vex, a. Convex on
lines, or planes.
vellere, to pluck.]
To draw or eonCON-VEY', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
o-6r'di-nate-ly,
adv.
tract violently and irregularly.
In the
con and cia, way.] 1. To carry to CoN-viJLSiON, n.
same order or rank.
1. A violent and
to
transfer.
2.
To
impart
oot
77.
cvjtiar,
bear
[W.
or
involuntary contraction of the musfrom cwta,
(26),
communicate.
short, bob-tailed.] 1. A water-fowl,
cular parts of an animal body. 2.
Con-vey'ance, n. 1. Act or means
which frequents lakes and other still
Any violent and irregular motion.

transmission.
of conveying
writing by which property
veyed to another.

2.

is

A Con-vul'sive,

con-

a.
Producing, or attenled with, convulsion or spasms.

o'NY. or 6n'Y,

One who ema_ rabbit, cony.]

up convey- oo, v. i. [-ed

o.v-vey'a\-(,:er, n.

ploys himself in drawing

ances of property.

n. [Lat cuniculus,
rabbit.

-ING.] [Formed
from the sound.] To make a low cry,

-Cox-vey'an-cing, n. Act or practice of drawing up conveyances of

as pigeons.

ook,

r.

[-ED; -ING.]

/.

[Lat. coq-

stupid fellow.
[Brazil, cupauba.] A
resinous juice
used in medicine.
waters.

2.

Co-pai'ba,
o-pai'va,

Co'pal,

n.

liquid,

[Mexican

n.

copalli.]

resinous substance used in the manufacture of varnishes.

Co-par'ce-na-ry, n. Partnership

To prepare, as food for the

in inheritance.
by boiling, roasting, baking, Co-par'ce-ner, n. A joint heir.
Cox-vfeT', i\ t. [-ed
&c.
v. i.
To prepare food for the Co-PART'NER, n. A joint partner
concincere, convictum, fr. con and
table.
an associate.
n. One who prepares food
vincere, to conquer.]'
1. To prove
for the table.
[cooking. Co-part'ner-ship, n.
Joint interguilty of an offense or crime. 2. To ook'er-y, n. Art or practice of
est or concern in any matter.
sliow by evidt-nce.
COOK'Y, n. [D. koek, dim. of koekje, Cope, p. [W. cob, A.-S.cappe.] 1. A
property.

Con-vey'er,

One who

h.

Con'VICT,

n.

of a crime

convej^s.
-IN&.] [Lat.

A person proved guilty

a criminal.

nere.]
table,

cake.]

ened

small,

flat,

hard, sweet-

cake.-

Svx. Milefaetor: culp>-it; felon.

o"OL, a.
[-er -est.] [A.-S. cOl.
ON-vi'TION, n. 1. Act of convictSee COLD.] 1. Moderately cold. 2.
;

2. Act of convincing of error.

State of being convinced or con-

ing.

Calm, or

3.

passion
Svx.

victed.

CON-VINCE',f.

[-ed;-1ng.] [Lat.

t.

and

vincere, to

To overcome

by argu-

convincere, from con

conquer.]

ment

by proof.

to satisfy

Svx.
To persuade. To convince is
an act of the understanding; to persuade, of the will or feelings. The one
is effected bv argument, the other by
motives.
When we say, " I am persuaded it is so," " I can not persuade myself of the fact," there is a degree of feeling mingled with the conviction which
gives rise to the expression.
Con-VIN'CER, n. One who convinces.
on-vix'ci-bl,e, a. Capable of be-

a.

or entertainment.
Svx. Festive
;

n.

A moderate state of cold. v.

[-ED; -ING.]
1. To make cool
2. To moderate the excite-

t.

or cold.
ment of
kind.

2.

vessel for cooling.

a.
Somewhat cool.

o~ol'ish,

Cool'ly
ner

In a cool man-

(109), adv.
with coolness.

some other country.

(kobm), n.
liquid measure. Gr.

[A.-S. ciimb, a
/cu/uj3o?, cup, badry measure of four bushels.
Coop, n. [Icel. kupa, 0. II. Ger. cliuofa.j A grated box or a cage for keeping
small animals.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.]
To confine in a coop to shut up.

ii.

One who makes

barrels,

casks, &c.

Goop'er-age,
er's

work.

work

n. 1. Price for coopplace where cooper's

Business of a cooper.

2.

State of being

copious.

Cop'PER,

n.
[Gr. xAfos Kun-pios,
Cyprian brass, fr. Cyprus, renowned
for its copper mines.] 1.
metal of
a reddish color. 2.
coin made of
copper.
3.
large boiler of copper.

v.t.

[-ed

To cover with

-ing.]

copper.

-GoP'PER-AS,

oomb

Cobp'ER,

Plentifully.

sin.]

?'.

synod; council.
CoN-vOKE',f.;. [-ed; -ins.] [See
Convocate.] To call together.
Srx.
To summon; assemble; con-

Co'Pi-ous, a. [Lat. copiosns, from copia, abundance.] Large in quantity

or amount.
Syx. Ample; abundant; plentiful

to allay, as passion of any

exuberant.
r.
1. To become less hot.
To become more moderate.
6'PI-OUS-LY, adv.
OOL'EE, n. 1. That which cools. Co'pi-ous-ness, n.

C'OO'LIE,
porter.] A laborer transported from the East, for service in

Convention;

2^

festal; jovial; social.

'

dispassionate; self-possessed ; composed

repulsive ; frigid ;
alienated; impudent.

Relating to a feast

CON-vTv'I-AL'I-TY, n. The mirth indulged in on festive occasions.

6n'vo-ate, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. concorare.] To convoke.
6n'vo-A'tiox, n. 1. Act of calling or assembling. 2. An assembly
or meeting. (Church of Eng.) A general assembly of the clergy.
Syx.

Calm;

o~oi/ness, ii. State of being cool.

[Hind, kidl, a Iiborer,
{'oo'LY,
n.

ing convinced.

CON-VlVl-AL,

from excitement by

free

covering for the head. 2. Any thing

regarded as extended over the head.
3. A cloak Avorn during divine ser[-ED;
vice by the clergy.
v. i.
-ING.]
To contend, especially on
equal terms to match.
Cop'i-er, n.
a
One who copies
transcriber.
[sonry in a wallCop'ing, n
Highest course of ma-

n. [Lat. cuprirosa, equiv.

to Gr. xaA./cav0O5, i. e. copper-flower.]
Sulphate of iron, or green vitriol.
Cop'per-head, n. [From its color.]

A poisonous American serpent. 2.

northern sympathizer with the
southern rebellion of 1861-65. [Am
Cop'PER-PLATE, n. An engraved
plate of copper, or a print taken from
such a plate.
1.

Cop'per-smith,

n.

One who man-

ufactures copper utensils.

Cop'per-y, a. Mixed with, contain-Gon'vo-lu'ted, a. Curved or rolled CO-OP'EE-ATE, V. i. [-ED; -ING.]

ing, made of, or like, copper.
together.
[Lat. co, for con, and operari, opera- Cop'PICE,
n.
[0. Fr coppiz, from
Con'vo-lu'tion, n.
tus, to work.]
A rolling or
To act or operate Copse,
coper, coitper, to cut.]
winding together, or one thing on
jointly with another.
A wood of small growth.
another.
Co-op'er-A'tion, ii. Concurrent ef- 6p'Tl, a. Relating to the Copts,
Con-volve', v. t.
fort or labor joint operation.
[-ed; -ing.]
an ancient Egyptian race.
. The
[Lat. convolver?, fr. con and volvere, o-6p'er-a-tive,
a.
Operating
language of the Copts.
to roil.]
jointly to the same end.
To roll or wind together.
C6p'u-lA, n. [Lat., from co, for con,
t'ON-voV, r. t. [-En; -ing.] [Fr. o-6p'er-a'tor, n, One who labors
and apere, to take, seize upon.] The
convoyer. See Convey.] To accomjointly with others.
word which unites the subject and
pany for protection.
Co or'di-nate (45), a. [Lat. co, for predicate of a proposition.
vene.

is

done.

3.

OR, do,

wolf, too, IOOK; urn, rue, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

c,G, so/*/ ,G, hard; A; E^cist

as

NG; this

COPULATE
6p'U-LATE,

v.

[Lat. copulare,

t.

copulatum, to couple. J [-ED; -ING.]

To unite in sexual embrace.
6p/u-la'tion, n. Embrace of the
sexes in the act of generation.

6p'u-la-tive

Serving to couple,
unite, or connect,
n. A conjunction that unites the sense as well as
the words.
,

a.

OoP'Y,

n.
[Lat. copia, abundance,
L. Lat., a pattern for writing.]
1.

writing like another writing

a
transcript.
2. One of a series of repetitions of an original work.
3.
Manuscript placed in a compositor's
hands. 4. A model pattern.
v. t.
[ED -ING, 142.] To imitate to transcribe to model after. v. i. To do a
thing in imitation of something else.
;

6p'y-book,

A book

itate.

C6p'y-ER,

One who

n.
transcribes.

copies

or

6p'y-hold,

n.
(Eng. Laic.) (a.)
tenure of estate by copy of courtroll.
(6.) Land held in copy-hold.
Cop'Y-ist, n.
copier a transcriber.
6p'y-right (-rit), n.
Exclusive
right of an author to print and publish his own literary works for his
own benefit.
v.t.
To secure by
copyright, as a book.

a cord. 2. To pile up, as wood, for

[used collectively.
sale by the cord,

admiration or love,

To

from

in love.
o-quet'ry, n. Affectation of amorous advances trifling in lone.
o-QUETTE' (-kef), n. [Fr., coquettish, originally strutting like a cock.]
vain, trifling woman, who endeavors to gain matrimonial offers, with
the intention to reject her suitor.
o-quet'tish (ko-ket'tish), a. Practicing or exhibiting coquetry.
6r^AL, n. [Gr. icopdWwv.] 1. The
solid secretion of zooph\ tes. produced
within the tissues of the polyps. 2.
v.

i.

trifle

A plaything made of coral.

6r'al-line, a. Consisting of coral

a. [Gr.

KopdWtov,

coral, and etoos,

j
Having the form of coral;

form.]

branching

like coral.
Corb, n. [Lat. corbis, basket.]
basket used in coaleries.

6r'ban,

[Heb.]

n.

1.

An

alms-

A vow
2. (Jewish Ant iq.)
by which a person bound himself not
basket.

to give to another, or to receive from

him, some particular object.

eoR'BEL,

[Lat. corbicula, dim. of

n.

basket.] <=
Arch.) (a.) Vase of
the Corinthian colcorbis,

^Zip^F ^iip^

-A^^W^W-

umn.

(*.) Carved ^i
end of a piece of

timber or stone proCorbel (6).

jecting from a wall,
n. [Lat. chorda, Gr. xopS^l 1
A string, or small rope. 2. A solid
measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet.
v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To bind with

6rd,

A, ,

I,

orate.

6r'ne-a

Hearty;

sincere;

warm;

Any

adv.

Heartily; sincerely.
(or kor'dong), n. [Fr. ,from
See Cord.] 1. The projecting coping of a scarp-wall. 2. A series of military posts.
6r'du-roy', or Cor'du-roy', n.
[I'robably fr. Fr. corde du roi, king's
cord.]
A thick cotton stuff, corded
or ribbed on the surface.
Corduroy roach a roadway formed of
logs laid side by side across it, as in

Cor'DON
corde.

marshy places.
n.
[From 0. Eng.
cordwain, a corruption of Cordovan,
a kind of leather.] A shoemaker.

CORD'WAIN-ER,

[Norm. Fr., from Lat. cor,

Heart or inner part of a

n.
heart.]
thing.

Co'ri-a'ceoOs,

a.
[Lat. corium,
Consisting of, or resembleather.]
leathery.
ling, leather
CO'RI-AN'DER, 11. [Gr. KOpiavvov, KOpiov, fr. Kopis, bug, ou account of the
plant,
bug-like smell of its leaves.]
;

the

have

2.

[-ED

6rn,

[A.-S. corn, Goth, Icaurn,

sinallied with Lat. granum.] 1.
gle seed of certain plants a grain.
[In this sense it has a pi.] 2. The

o, u, Y,long; A,,I, o, u, y, short.-

Stone which
n.
forms the corner of a foundation.
adv.
Diagonally
with the corner in front.

'6r'net,

n. [From Lat. cornu, horn.]

(Music.) (a.) A wind instrument
blown with the mouth, (b.) A spe1.

trumpet. 2. The officer who

the standard in a cavalry

cies of

carries
troop.

6r'net-cy,

n. Commission or rank
of a cornet.
Cor'ni'ce, n. [Lat. coronis, Gr. KopwAny molded provi/Sf a curved line.]
jection which crowns the part to
which it is affixed.
n.

OR'NU-6'Pl
[Lat. cornu, a

and copia,
The horn

the

t.

'6r'ner-stone,

6rn'y,

Corinthian,
corkstopper cut out of cork.
-ING.] 1. To stop with
corks.
2. To furnish with cork.
6rk'-Jack/et, n A jacket having
pieces of cork inclosed within canvas,
and used to aid in swimming.
6RK'st'REW (-skrjj), n. A kind of
screw used for drawing corks.
6rk'Y, a. Pertaining to cork.
6r'mo-RA.\t, n.
[W. mOrvran, a
sea-raven, fr. mCr, pea, and bran, raven, with corb, equiv. to Lat. corvus,
raven, pleonastically prefixed.]
1.
A genus of sea-birds, of the pelican
glutton, or gluttonous
family. 2.
servant.

v.

Cor'ner-wise,

plenty.]

Outer bark

of

of plenty
an emblem of abundance.

[Lat.
n.
cortex, corticis.]
1.

horn,

a. Pertaining to
Corinth, or to a
certain order of
architecture.

corntvs,

JE.

0-RlN'TIII-AN,

[Lat.

n.
[L. Lat. comolivm, fr.
Lat. cornu, horn, from its hardness.]
A shrub and its fruit the dog-wood.
'6r'NE-o0s, a. [Lat. cornevs, from
cornu, horn.]
Horn-like horny.
COR'NER, n. [Lat. cornu, horn, end,
angle.] 1. The point where two converging lii:es n let, or the space between thenn 2. A secret or retired
v. t.
[-ED
place.
3. Any part.
1. To drive into a corner. 2.
-ING.]
.
said of stocks.
To get control of;

pi.

strong smell.

bird which fre-

Cor'nel,

6r'nu-0'pi-a,

of

seeds

which

horny.] The horny transparent membrane in the front part of the e\e.

affec

thing that cheers or invig-

n.
corn-fields.
(147), n.

quents

tionate.

n.

toxicated.

6rn'-RAKE,

tree.

hard, horn-like induration of the

skin on the toes.
v.t. [-ed -ING.]
1. To preserve and season with salt.
2. To granulate.
3. To render in-

a.
[Lat.
1. Proceeding from the
cor, heart.]
heart.
2. Tending to cheer or invig-

Syn.

6r'di-al, or <3or'dial,

6rk,

like coral.

6r'al-loid,
CoR'AL-LOID'AL,

for food, as wheat, oats,

rye, barley, maize
used collective*
ly.
small, hard particle a
3.
cornu, horn.]
grain.
4. [Lat.
A

cords;
the shape
<36r'da-ted, J
or form of a heart.
6r/de-lier', n
[Fr., from 0. Fr.
cordel, fr. corde, rope or girdle worn
by that order.] One of a religious
order founded by St. Francis.

0-QUET' (-kef), V. t. [-TED -TING.]

[See Coquette.]
To attempt to Core,
attract
vanity.

various grains which grow in ears,

and are used

6rd'aGe, n
Ropes or
or'DATE, la. Having

orates, esp. a medicine which does so.

Cor'di-al'i-ty, or 6rd-ial'i-ty,
n. Sincere affection and kindness.
tORD'IAL-LY,
which 6lt'DI-AL-LY, or

in
copies are written for learners to imn.

CORONAL

92

v.

[Lat. cor-

a.

nu. horn.] 1 Strong, Cornucopia,

stiff, or hard, like a horn.
2. Producing corn or grain.
3. Containing corn or grain.
6r'ol,
n. [Lat. coroU
'o-r6i/lA,(
la, dim
of
oro na, crown.]
The inner
p;u-t of a flower, < on posed
of one or more leaves, called
)

petals.

6r'ol-LA-ry
corolarium
corolla.

(44), n. [Lat.
coroi.et, from

An

deduction

o-RO'na.

inference a
a (omeqnence.

n.:

0-RO>-

pi.

Corolla.

crown, Gr. ko- a n, ? n7~

pwr,, any thing curved.] 1. g*^JSJ

NJK.

[Lat.,

<

member

large, flat

cornice.

2.

a luminous

circle

body,

of a petaled.

around
as the

sun or

moon.

6r'o-nal,

Pertaining to the
kingly ciown, or to coronation. n.
A crown wreath garland.
;

a.

cAre, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, trm; pique, firm; s6n,

CORUSCATE

CORONARY
6r'0-NA-ry,

Relating to, cr re-

a.

sembling, a crown.
n.
Act or ceremony
of crowning a sovereign.
Cor'o-NER, n.
[L. Lat. coronarius,
fr. Lat. corona, crown.]
An officer
whose duty is to inquire into the
manner of a violent death.
6R'0-NET, n. [Lat. corona, crown.] 1.
An inferior crown, worn by noblemen. 2. Upper part of a horse's hoof.
C6r'po-ral, n. [Corrupted from Fr.
caporal, fr. Lat. caput, head.] Lowest officer of a company of infantry,
next below a sergeant.
a.
[Lat.
corporalis, fr. corpus, body.]
1. Belonging to the body. 2. Having a
body or substance not spiritual.
6r'PO-ral-ly, adv. In or with the
body bodily.
JOR'PO-RATE, a.
[Lat. corporare,
corporatus, to shape into a body, from
corpus, body.] United in, or belonging to, a corporation.
6r'po-rate-i,y, adv.
In a corporate capacity.
(

COR'PO-RA'TION,

n. 1. Act of correctamending change for the better

2. Punishment; discipline.
ment.

A body

n.

politic

or corporate, formed and authorized

by law to act as a single person.
6r'po-RA'TOR, n. A member of a
corporation.

t'OR-PO'RE-AL (89), a. Having a material body or substance

material.
;

Syn. Corporal bodily. Bodily is

opposed to mental ; as, bodih/ affections.
Corporeal refers to the interior animal
structure
as, corporeal substance or
;

corrodes.

6r'o-na'tion.

OR-ROD'ENT,n. Any substance that

OR-RE'TlON,

Cor-rod'i-BLE,

Capable of be-

a.

ing corroded.
That which is substituted in the or-ro'si-ble,- J
place of what is wrong. 4. Counter- OR-RO'glON, n. Action of eating or
wearing away by slow degrees.
action of what is hurtful in its effects.
1.
Eating away;
Tending to Cor-ro'sIve a.
Cor-rec'tion-al, a.
acrimonious. 2. Having the quality
corrective.
correction
vexing.
of fretting or vexing
or-reT'Ive, a. Tending to rectiLike a corThat which has the power OR-RO'SIVE-I,Y, odv
fy.
n.
[manner.
rosive
in a corrosive manner.
of correcting.
In a correct eoR'RU-GANT, a. Having the power
Cor-RET'ly, adv.
3.

or-reT'ness,

of corrugating.

State of being

n.

6r'ru-gate,

correct.

Accuracy

Syn.

regularity

fjOR-RET'OR,

One who, or that

n.

[L. Lat. correlaReciprocal or mutual relation.

oR-REL'A-TlvE,a. Having or indicating a reciprocal relation recipn. One who, or that which,
rocal.
stands in a reciprocal relation to some
other person or thing.
Cor're-spond', t. ?'. [-ED; -ING.]
[L. Lat. correspond ere, from con and
respondere, to answer.]
1.
To be
2. To have intercourse,
adapted.
esp. by sending and receiving letters.
To correspond with: corresSyn.
pond to.
We correspond witli a friend
by letters; one thing corresponds to
another, i. e. answers to it.

n.

into wrinkles.

tion

or-rupt',

n. 1. Mutual adapta-

tion of one thing to another.

2.

[-ed

t.

-ing.] [Lat.

;
,

putrid; to putrefy.
2. To change
from good to bad.
v. i.
1. To become putrid to rot. 2. To become
vitiated; to lose purity.
a.
1.
Changed from a sound to a putrid
state spoiled tainted. 2. Titiated
depraved debased perverted.
or-rOpt'er, n. One who corrupts.

GoR'RE-SPOND'ENCE,
Cor're-spond'en-cy,

v.

corrumpere, corruption from con anti

rumpere, to break.]
1. To make

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

and rugare,

which, corrects.

Cor/re-la'tion,

c.

[Lat. corrugare, corrugatus, from con

to wrinkle.] To form
into wrinkles or folds.
6r'ru-ga'tion, n.
contraction

precis-

ion; exactness.

Cor-RUPT/i-BIL/i-ty, n.

Possibility
[ing corrupted.

of being corrupted,

Cor-RUPT'I-ble,

Capable of be-

a.

-Cor-rupt'i-ble-ness,
of corruption.
CoR-RiJPT'I-BLY, adv.
corrupted.

n.

Suscepti.

bility

So as to be

now used, refers

Intercourse by means of letters. 3.
corporal pun1. Act of corLetters which pass between corre- or-rup'tion, n.
To speak of cor/joreul punrupting, or state of being corrupt. 2.
spondents.
ishment is now a gross error.
Product
corruption.
3. Perversion
of
Suitable
or-PO're-al-ly, adv. In a bodily 6r're-spond'ent, a.
Corporal, as

frame.

more

to the exterior; as,

ishment.

form or manner.
Cor'PO-re'I-ty, n.

Materiality.
(kor, pi. k5rz), n. sing.
pi.
[Fr., fr. Lat. corpus, body.]
An organized part or division of an army.

&

orps

~orps-DAR3TEE

(kor'dar'uiii'), n.

[Fr., body of the army.]

A portion
of a grand army possessed of all the
constituents of a separate or an in-

dependent army.

Corpse,
Dead

corpvs, body.]
body of a human being.
n.

[Lat.

6r'pu-lence, In. Excessive fatCor'PU-len-cy,

ness obesity.
6r'PU-LENT, a. [Lat. corpulentus,
j

fr. corpus, body.]

Having an excessive quantity of flesh obese.
Syn. Stout; fleshv; large; fat; pursy.
6r'pus-cle (-pus-1, 65), n. [Lat.
corpusculum, dim. of corpus, body.]
;

minute

particle.

oR-pDs'U-EAR,n. Pertaining to,

or composed of, corpuscles, or small
particles.

Cor-ra'di-a'tion,

Conjunction
n.
of rays in one point.
a. [See infra.} Conformable to truth, rectitude, or propriety free from error.
Syn.
Accurate; right: exact.
v. t. [-ED;-ing,] [Lat. corri gere,
correctum, fr. con and regere, to lead
straight.] 1. To make or set right. 2.
To punish for faults. 3. To obviaror remove to counteract or chan^,

60R-RECT',
-

OR, do,

wolf, too, TOOK

of moral principles. 4. Taint or imanswercongruous

conformable
purity of blood.
able.
n. One who corresponds.
-edR'RE-SPOND'ENT-L.Y, adv. Con- oR-Rt)PT'lVE a. Having the quali-

Gor're-spond'ing-ly,
answerably

formably;

suitably.
6r'ri-dor/, n. [Fr., fr. Lat. currere,
passage-way to apartto run.]
ments independent of each other.
-ebRi RI-GEN'DUM, n. ; pi. OR'RI;

GEN'DA.

[Lat

word or thing

to be corrected.

[manner..

ty of corrupting,

OR-RUPT'LY, adv.
or-rupt'ness, n.

In a corrupt
State of being

corrupt.

Cor'sair,

n.
[L. Lat. corsarius, from
Lat. currere, cur sum, to run.]
1.
pirate.
2.
piratical vessel.
<3orse n. [See Corpse.]
, or

orse
A corpse.

or'ri-gi-BL,e, a.
[L. Lat. corrigi6rse'let, n. [Fr., dim. of 0. Fr.
bilis, from Lat. corrigere, to correct.]
cors, Lat. corpus, body.]
A kind of
1. Capable of being set right or
light breastplate worn by pikemen.
amended. 2. Worthy of being chas-Gor'set,
[Fr.,
dim.
of
0.
Fr. cors,
n.
[competitor.
tised(
Lat. corpus, body.] An article of
or-rI'val, n.
A fellow-rival; a
women
worn
to
support
or
dress
by
or-rob'o-RANT, a.
Having the
quality of giving strength confirmA medicine that strengthn.
ens the body L
OR-ROB'0-RATE,l'J, [-ED; -ING.]
ing.

[Lat. corroborare, corroboratus, from

con and roborare, to strengthen.] To
make more certain to confirm.
Cor-ror/o-ra'tion, n. 1. Act of
;

corroborating
confirmation.
2.
That which corroborates.
or-rob'o-ra-tIve, a.
Corroborating, or tending to corroborate.
OR-RODF" V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
;

lrom con and

corrode:,

gnav. }

To eat away or consume by

legrees

Syn.

Crn. rue, PTJLL

rodere, to

to

wear away.

To canker; gnaw; rust; waste.

E,

I,

o, silent

C,G,

correct the figure

CORTE <?.fi(kor

stays.
tazh'), n. [Fr.,fr.It.
;

train of attendants.
(kor'tes), n. pi.
Pg.
[Sp.
court.]
The legislative as-

corte, court.]

Cortes
corte,

&

semblies of Spain

and Portugal.

[Lat. cortex, bark.]

"OR'Tl-eAL, a.
Belonging to, consisting of, or resembling, bark external.
:

Cor'ti-cose',
6r'TI-OUS,

made of bark.
o-RUN'DUM, n.
rundum stone.]

[Lat.

a.

corticosus.\

Resembling bark;
[Hind. Icurand, co-

The earth alumina,

as found native in a crvstalline state.

o-R0s'ANT, a. Glittering by flashes-

6R'US-eATE,

sq/i; ,(Sr,hard;

or CO-RtJS'CATEjV.

As; EJIst

tf

i.

asNG; this

CORUSCATION
A

bis,

basket.]

Cor'vine,

Cor'YMB

sloop of war.

[Lat. corvinus,

a.

fr.

cor-

Pertaining to the crow

vus, crow.]
or raven.

sounded), n. [Gr.
Inflorescence, in which
Kopuit/3os.]
the lesser flower-stalks are produced
along the common stalk on both
sides, and rise to the same height.
[Gr. Kopv^aios,
CoR'Y-PHE'US, n.
Gr. Antiq.)
standing at the head.]
The leader of the dramatic chorus
hence, any chief or leader.
Co-SE'ANT, n. [For co. secans, an
abbrev. of Lat. complementi secans.]
The secant of the complement of an
arc or angle.
Co'sey (ko'zy), a. See Cozy.
Co'-sine, n.
[For co. sinus, an abbrev. of Lat. complementi sinus. ] Sine
of the complement of an arc or angle.
(the

75

Cog-MET'IC,
Cog-MET'IC-AL,

a. [Gr. Koa/uijriKo?,

order,

fr. Koo-ju-os,

ornament.] Improving the beauty

of the complexion.
n.
Any external application to improve the
complexion.

C6s/MI,
Cos/mic-al,

See
PerRising

a. [Gr. Ko<r/u.ue6s.

Cosmos.]

1.

taining to the universe. 2.

or setting with the sun.
CO-m6g'o-NY, n. [Gr. KOo-^oyovCa,
fr. c6or/.os, the world, and yiveiv, to
beget, bring forth.] Science of the
formation of the world or universe.
Cos.-mog'ra-pher, n. One versed in

v.

[imp. & p. p. COST.] [Lat.

constate, to stand at, to cost.] 1. To
require to be given or expended for.
2. To require to be borne or suffered.
Cos'TAL, a. [Lat. costa, rib] Relating to the side of the body or the ribs.
Cos^tard, n. [A niodif. of custard,
custard -apple.] 1. A large apple. 2.
t.

The head
Cos'TIVE,

a.

Pertain-

Cot'y-led'o-noOs,

[Contr.

or universe.
[cosmology.
n.
One versed in
<_'os_-mol/o-gy, n.
[Gr. koct/u.os, the
world, and Aoyo?, discourse.] Science
of the world or universe or a treatise
relating to its structure and various

Co-mol'o-GIST,

parts.

Cos/mo-pol'i-tan,
Co-m6p'o-LITE,
c6o>Jios,

the world,

zen.]

person

n.

[Gr. koo-lio7roAiTT}5,

and

from

7toActt)s, citi-

residence, but is
place a citizen of the world
or 5s/MO

sleep.

pense,

[pensive.

Cost'ly,

Cough

(kawf, 21), n. [D. kveh, from

II. Ger. kitchen, to breathe, kichen, to gasp.]
A violent effort of the
lungs to throw off irritating matter.
v.i.
[-ED -ing.] To make the
violent effort just described.
v.i.
To eject by a cough to expectorate.

M.

a. Of great cost
dear ext'os-TUME', or Cos'TUME, n. [From
;

Lat. consuetumen, for consuetudo,

custom.] I. An established mode or
style, esp. of dress.
2. Adaptation
of accessories, as in a picture, statue,
poem, &c, to the time, place, or
other circumstances.

o'5Y,

See

a.

Cot,
Cote,)
1

Cozy.

n. [A.-S. cote,

1.

Cott,

little

to-

[For co. tangens,

n.

an abbrev. of Lat. complementi tanThe tangent of the complement of an arc or angle.

gens.]

Co-TEM'PO-RA'NE-oOs,

Living

a.

or being at the same time.

a.
Living or being at the same time.
n. One who
lives at the same time with another.

Co-tem'po-ra-ry,
n.

enumerate. 2. To consider or esteem

as belonging to one.
v. i.
1. To be
counted; hence, to swell the number; to add strength or influence.

drawings or paintings.

Cot'TON

[From

One who

A
a

cottage.
j
[At. qoton, al(kot'tn), n.

1.

n.

machine

the verb.]
1.
charge expense. 2.
Loss of any kind detriment pain.

*eoTvA>7,acup.] One
of the seed-lobes of
a plant.

[See

A, E,

I,

n. [Fr. contenance,
to

from Lat. continere,

;

The features. 3. Favor aid en[-ED -ING.]

couragement.
v. t.
To encourage by a favoring aspect.

to sep-

Syn.

To

sanction; favor; 6upport.

n. 1. One who counts, or
that which indi-

CoUN'TER,

aids in counting
cates a number.

grow

2.

shop-table.

(Mus.) Counter-tenor. 4. Backa.

leather or heel part of a boot.
adv. In opContrary; opposite.
3.

merce.

/cd<r(u.os,

conttnir,

2.

position

in

an opposite

direction.

COUN'TER-XCT', V. t. [-ED; -ING.J

To act in opposition to.
Coun'TER-Xc'tion, n. Action in op.

harmony.] The universe,

Cotton in its raw
perfect arrangement.
state.
n.
1. A lamb brought up CoT'Y-LE'DON,
n.
by hand. 2. A pet in general.
[Gr. kotvAtjSoSv, fr.
;

fr.

1. Appearance or
hold together.]
expression of the face aspect mien.

from its
Cos'set,

Cost (21), n.
Amount paid

Coun'te-NANCE,

A downy

vegetable subresembling fine wool.

2.
v. i. 1. To
Cloth made of cotton.
rise with a regular nap. 2. To agree
to adhere.
qoton.]
stance,

Cot'ton-wool', n.

[Gr.

cot.]

lives in

cot.

order,
so called

n.

n.

n.
1. A
To depend; to rely.
numbering
reckoning.
2. Statement of a plaintiff's case in court. 3.
One of several charges in an indictment. 4. [Fr. comte, from Lat. comes,
comitis, companiou.] A nobleman
on the continent of Europe.
2.

tunic]
A brisk dance of eight
persons a quadrille.

the

[Fr., fr. cote, share,

(45), n.

fr.

consulere,

cole,

Cot'TA-ger,
6t'ter,

consilium,

to consult.]
1.
of opinions.
2.
Exercise of deliberate judgment
3.
Result of deliberation.
4.
Deliberate purpose.
5. One who gives advice, esp. in legal matters.
v.t.
[-ED,-ING; or LED, -LING, 137-] To
advise or instruct.
Coun'see-or
n.
One who counCoun'sel-lor, ) sels an adviser.
Count, v.t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. computare, to reckon.] 1. To number to

small dwelling

council.

^Mutual interchange

A set of persons who meet

Cot'tage

assemble together.]

for consultation or advice.

member of a
\ n.

Coun'^il-lor,
Coun'sel, n. [Lat.
root of

bed

gether.

portion.]
familiarly

cire, conciere, to

Assembly

a bedstead which can be folded

o-TAN'GENT,

(kded), imp. of Can.

COUL'TER, n. San.e as COLTER.
CoUN'CIL, n. [Lat. concilium, fr. con-

A oun'cil-or,

2.

cyte, cottage,

bed, couch.]

CpUED

kot.]

cj/te, Tcel.

for beasts.

cover for a sore finger.

Cot,
[A.-S. cote,
n.
j

cottage or hut; also,

a shed or inclosure

RA'MA, Cot'ton-plAnt, n.
n.
[Gr. Koo-fxos, the world, and op%ing in warm climates, and bearing
pa, a sight.] An exhibition, through
a lens or lenses, of a number 01
the cotton of com-

2&r MOS,

[ting.

arate the seeds from cotton.

A plant

Coucil'ANT,a. Lying down; squatCos'TiVE-NESS, n. Constipation.

Cou'GAR (koL'gar), n. Acarnivorous
Cost'LI-ness, n. Great cost, or exAmerican quadruped.

who has no fixed

at home in every Cot'ton-gIn,

CoS/MO-RA'MA,

-ing.]

removal.
v.t. 1. To lie down
or recline. 2. To lie down for ccncealment.
n. A place for reft or

A description of the world

t.

its

fr. It. costij/a-

t'os/MO-GRXPH'ic-AL, )
a club, [ty in the tides.
ing to cosmography.
CO-TID'AL, a. Indicating an equa'i(ko-tll'yun), n.
[Fr.
t'Og-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Koo-fioypa- CO-TIL'ION
Co-TiLL'lON ] cotillon, from 0. Fr.
(f>ia, fr. /eoCT/AOs, world, and ypa^eiv,
to write.]

[-ed

[Lat. coU
;
locare, to lay, put, place. J 1. To lay
or in a bed, or other lesting-place.
2. To express; to phrase.
3. To depress, as a cataract in the
e>e, by means of a needle in order to
v.

down upon

used contemptuously.

a.

Having a

o.

seed-lobe.

Couch,

from Lat. constipare to pi ess

closely together.]
Retaining fetal
matter in the bowels constipated.
tivo,

Co'te-rie',

cosmography.

C6'MO-grXph'I,

COUNTERBALANCE

9*

[Lat. coruscare, coruscatus, to flash.]

To throw off vivid hashes of light.
Cor'us-ca'tion, n.
sudden flash
or play of light.
Cor'vet,
In. [Lat. corbita, aslow
Cor-vette', j sailing ship, fr. cor-

position

hindrance

'OUN'TER-XCT'IVE,
COUN'
Cotton-plant.

6,u,y, long; X,,i, 6, 0, , short; cXre, far, ask. all,

resistance.

a.

Tending

to

counteract.

Coun'ter-bXl'ance,

what; ere,

veil,

I',

t.

trm; PIQUE, fTrm;

[-ED;

s6n,

COUNTERBALANCE
power or effect.
fc'OUN'TER-BAl/AN9E,

power, or force, acting in opposition.

A poison
n.
that destroys the effect of another.

posing weightj equivalent.

oun'TER-change',
change

v.

To

t.

ex-

COUN'TER-REV'O-LU'TION,

oun'ter-change',. Exchange; oun'TER-SArp,

reciprocation.

charm

V.

[-ED;
a

t.

To destroy the

-ING.]

{Fort.) Exte-

n.

of the ditch
covered way.
rior slope

COUN'TER-CHARM',

effect of

on.

eoUN'TER-CHARM',

n.

revolution reversing a former one.

to reciprocate.

Equal weight,

n.

Equal op- CoUN'TER-POl'gON,

n.

That which

rc.

has the power of opposing the effect

of a charm.
v. t. To oppose;

Coun'ter-check',
to check.

[rebuke.

f'OUN'TER-CHECK^n. Check; stop;

6oun'ter-UR'rent, n. A current

COUN'TER-SIGN

COURTIER

95

To act against with equal -CdUN'TER-POlgE/,

-ing.]

(-Sin),

couper. to cut.] An interest certifi

cate attached to a transferable boud,
designed to be cut off for payment
when interest is due.
Cour'age, n. [Fr., from Lat. cor,
Quality of mind enabling
heart.]
one to meet danger and difficulties.

the whole

Bravery

Syn.

intrepidity

valorp

boldness; gallantry; daring.

V.

[-ED;

t.

-ING.] To sign in addition and opposite to the signature of a principal

or superior.
n.
1. Signature of a
subordinate officer to a writing signed
by the principal or superior. 2. A
private military signal or watchword,
[sponding signal.
Coun'ter-sig'nal, n.
corre-

Cou-ra'geous

Pos

(ku-r;Vjus), a.

sessing, or characterized by, courage.

Cou-ra'geous-ly, adv.

In a cou*

rageous manner.

[courage.

Cou-ra'geous-ness, n. Quality of
Cou-RANT', n. [Fr., p. pr. of courir,
to run.] 1. A piece of music in triple
time. 2. A lively dance. 8. A newspaper.

running in an opposite direction COUN'TER-SINK,^.;. [-SUNK -SINK- ou'RI-ER(ko"o / rT-er), n. [Fr. courier,
courrier, from courir, to run.]
1. A
from that of the main current.
ING.] To form, as a depression, for
V. t.
[-ED -ING.]
the reception of the head of a screw or
messenger sent in haste an express.
bolt below the surface.
2. An attendant on travelers.
[Fr. contrefaire,p. p. contrefait, from
n. A tool
[Lat. cursus, fr. currere,
on re, against, and fake, to make.]
for forming a depression to receive Course, n.
2. To
the head of a screw.
to run.] 1. Act of moving from one
1 To put on a semblance of;
point to another. 2. Ground or path
uxitate, with a view to deceive; to COUN'TER-TEN'OR, n.
(Mus.) One
Similar forged false
traversed. 3. Line of progress. 4.
forge.
a.
of the middle parts, between the
tenor and the treble.
deceitful.
n.
1. A likeness
a
Usual, stated, or methodical action.
behavior.
counterpart. 2. A cheat a forgery. COUN'TER-VAIL', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
5. Conduct
6. A suc;

COUN'TER-FEIT,

3.

n.
One who
counterfeits a forger.
t OUN'TER-GUARD, n.
low work
before the salient point of a bastion.
6oun'TER-JUMP / er, n.
salesman
;

in a shop

used contemptuously.

GOUN'TER-MANlV,
[Fr.

contremander

and mander,

to

voke, as a former

.
,

fr.

[-ED

-ING.]
contre, against,

t.

To

command.]
command.

re-

[counter and Lat. valere, to be

strong.]
To act against with equal
force, power, or effect
to balance.
oun'ter-work' (-wGrk'), v. t. To
work in opposition to.
[count.
Count'ess, . Consort of an earl or
;

Count'ing-house,
ount'ing-room,

House or
roomforthe
keeping of books, papers, and ac-

in a reversed or-

Incapable of being
counted innumerable numberless.
CoOn'tri-fi.ed, a. Having the appearance and manners of the country rustic rude.

n.
A change of
the wings or face of a battalion.
An additional

Coun'ter-mXrch',

t'OUN'TER-MARK'jB.
mark on goods.

Counter-mine',

v.

t.

ed

-ing.]

To oppose by means of a countermine. 2. To frustrate by secret op1.

a.

CoOn'try

der.

n.

counts.

Count'less,

oun'ter-mand', n. Revocation of
a former command.
COUN'TER-MARCH', V. i. [-ED -ING.]
To march back, or

An impostor.

t'OUN'TER-FEIT-ER,

(kiln'try), n.

[Fr. contree,

from Lat. contra, on the opposite

1.
A region; as distinside-]
guished from any other, and with a
personal pronoun, region of one's
birth or residence.
2. Rural regions.
a.
Pertaining to the country
rural rustic rude ignorant.

cession of acts or practices.

7. Part
of a meal served at one time. 8.
continued level range as of bricks.
[-ed; -ing.] 1. To hunt or
v. t.
chase after; to pursue. 2. To run
To run as
through or over.
v. i.
if in a race, or in hunting.
Cours'er, n.
swift or spirited
horse a racer.
COURT, n. [0. Fr., fr. Lat. cohors, cohortis, inclosure, crowd, Gr. xoprd?.]
2. Residence
1. An inclosed space.
of a sovereign or nobleman a pal4.
ace.
3. Retinue of a sovereign
Conduct designed to gain favor
6politeness.
5.
legal tribunal.
The judge or judges in any case.
87. Session of a judicial assembly
Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or

1.

To

to.
3.

2.

To

[-ed; -ing.]
to pay court
in marriage to woo.

v. t.
strive to please

ecclesiastical.

To seek

solicit.

COUN'TRY-DANCE, n. See CONTRA- COURT'E-OUS (kurt'e-us), a. PertainDANCE.

Coun'ter-mine', n. A gallery uning to, or expressive of, courtesy.
der ground to reach and destroy CoBn'TRY-MAN (150), n. 1. A fellowSyn. Civil; obliging; well-bred; polite; complaisant
inhabitant of a country. 2. A rustic.
those of an enemy.
Coun'ter-mo'tion, n. An oppos- Coun'try-seat, n. A dwelling in Court'e-oOs-ly, adv. In a courtposition.

the country, used as a place of retire-

ing motion.

oun'ier-move'ment. n. A movement

in opposition to another, [bed.

Coun'TER-pane, n. Coverlet for a
tOUN'TER-PART, n.
part corre-

sponding to another part

a duplicate an opposite.

a copy

[a plea.

Coun'TER-PLEA, n. A replication to
Coun'ter-plot', v. t. To oppose,
as another plot,

by

Coun'ter-plot',
fice

plotting.
plot or arti.

ment from the

Coun'ty,
itates.

a state

[Fr.

See Copula.] 1. Two things

of the same kind. 2. A betrothed
or married pair.
v. t. [-ED -ing.]
To connect together to join.
v. i.
To come together as male and fe-

to

embrace.
[Fr.,

verse

dim. of couple.]
rhyming with

each other.

Coup'ling,

n.

1.

Connection

sex-

ual union. 2. That which serves to

connect one thing with another.

Cou'PON (ork6Vp5ng),

OR.D^WQLFjTOO, TO*bK URN, RUE, PULL

;

Goun'ter-point, n. 1. A cover for Coup'let, n.

Two lines of
a bed, made in squares. 2. [Point
against point.]
Art of composing
music in parts harmony.
{r'OUN / TER-POIE','U. t. [-ED; -ING.]
To act against with equal weight,
power, or effect.

[From Lat. cop-

(kup'l), n.

ula.

male

opposed to another.

CotJP'LE

city.

comte, L. Lat. comSee Count.] A division of

a shire.
n.

E,

I,

O, silent

n.

[Fr., fr.

eous manner.

[being courteous.

COURT'E-OUS-NESS, n. Quality of
Court'e-.Xn (kfirt'e-zSn), n. [See
Court.] A prostitute a strumpet.
COURT'E-SY, n. [From court.] 1.
Elegance and politeness of manners.
;

Act of civility.
dulgence.

2.

3.

Favor or in-

(kurt'sy), n. An expresnowof civility by women,

used,
consisting of a slight
bending of the knees and inclination
of the body. v. i. [-ed -ing,
2 i
To make a courtesy.
Court'- hand, . Manner of writing
used in records.
CSURT'IER (korfyer), n. 1. One who
2.
frequents the courts of princes

CoOrte'sy
sion

little

One who

<

solicits favor.

q,b,sofl; c,g, hard,- As; EXIST;

NasNG;

THIS-

COURTLINESS
6urt'li-ness,

High-bred; digniand elegant. 2. Obsequious

a.

1.

sycophantic.
(155), n.

court

for the trial of offenses against military or naval laws.

Court'-PlAs'ter, n. Sticking-plaster made of silk.

eouRT'SHlP, n. 1. Act of soliciting
favor by complaisance.

wooing in

2. Act of
fa house.
Inclosure round

love.

Gourt'-yXrd,

n.

Jous/ZN (kuz'n), n.
fr.

[L. Lat. cosinus,

Lat. consobrinus, child of

sister.]
One collaterally
more remotely than a brother

a mother's
related

Avarice;

COY'NESS, n.
Unwillingness
from
come familiar.

cupidity; greed.

or sister.
(155), n. A cousin
in the first generation.
Gove , n. [A.-S. cofa, cove, cave, room,
small inLat. cavum, cavity.] 1.
2. A boy or man.
let, creek, or bay.

GoOs/jtn-gEr'man

[Slang.]

6v'E-NANT,
convenant,
agree.]

[0. Fr. covenant,

p. pr. of convenir, to
mutual agreement in
n.

1.

(kuv'y), n. [Fr. coitvee,

couve, p. p. of couver, to sit or brood
on.] 1. A small fiock or number of
bird.'

t>OURT'-MAR'TIAL

contr.

Syn.

6v'EY

courtly.

ourt'ly,
fied

CRAM

96

Quality of being

n.

writing; a contract. 2. Conditional

promises of God as revealed in the
Scriptures,
v.i. [-ed; -ING.] To
enter into a formal agreement.

together.

A company

2.

6v'in (kOVin),

nant.

6v'E-NANT-ER, n. One who makes

or who subscribes a covenant.
6v'ER, v. t. [-ED -ing.] [Lat.
cooperire, from con and operire, to
;

To overspread the surface

or whole body of. 2. To hide from
sight to conceal. 3. To protect to
defend.
4. To comprehend or in-

cover.]

1.

clude; to account for or solve. 6.

n.
To put the usual head-dress on.
spread
1. Any thing laid, set, or
upon, about, or over another. 2.
Any thing which veils or conceals.
3. [Fr. couverte.] Table furniture for
the use of one person at a meal.

G6VER-LET,

n.
[0. Fr. covrelict,
equiv. to couvre-lit, from couvrir, to

and

lit,

Uppermost

bed.]

p.

genus of animals.

v.

of covrir.

p.

ow'ard-ly,

a. I.

to face danger.
fear of danger.

Wanting courage

2.

ow'-^TCH'ER,

woman
G6VET

1.

defense.

shelter

[vate.
in pri-

Secretly;

1. Covering;
Condition of a
during marriage.
(kuVet), v. t.
[-ED -ING.]

defense.

n.

2.

[0. Fr. covoiter, coveiter, from Lat.

cupidus, eager.] To wish for with
eagerness or inordinately.
6v'ET-otJS (kQVet-us), a.
Very or
inordinately desirous
excessively
;

ea^er.

[ariciously.

6V'ET-o0s-LY, adv.
6v'et-oOs-ness, n.

Eagerly avStrong or inordinate desire of gaining some supposed good.

A,E,

I,

In the man-

A strong frame

n.

in front of a locomotive for catching

or throwing off obstructions, such as

6z

[-ED -ING.] [Cf. W.

i.
cwrian, to cower, from cwr, corner.]
To crouch, especially through fear.
ow'hIrd, n. One whose occupation it is to tend cows.
ow'HlDE,n. 1. Hide of a cow. 2.
Leather made of the hide of a cow.t.
3.
A coarse riding-whip.
v.
[-ED -ING.] To beat with a cow;

contraction of Cousin.
OZ'N (kfiz'u), v. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Either fr. cousin, to deceive through
pretext of relationship, or from Ger.
kosen, liebkosen, to wheedle.]
To
cheat to defraud to deceive.
edz'.EN-AGE (kuVn-), n.
Artifice;
trick
fraud.
6z'22N-ER, n. One who cheats.
o'zi-LY, adv. Snugly comfortably.
;

t'o'ZY,

[-ER

a.

-est, 142.]

causer, to talk, chat.]

fortable easy.
rXb, n. 1. [A.-S. crabba,

[Fr.

Snug; com-

/3o?.]

ceous

fr.

Gr. ttapa-

crusta-

animal,

having ten legs.

2. [Akin to W.

garv, garw,
rough,

harsh,

Lat.
sour.]
apple,

acerbus,

wild
the

or

Crab.

A contrivance

tree producing it.

3
for launching ships.

rXb'bed

Harsh

(60), a.

rough, or

austere, like a crab-apple.

Syn. Peevish; sour; morose.

rXb'bed-LY,

In a crabbed

adv.

manner.
[-ED; -ING.]

[Fr. craquer, D. kraken, Gael, crac]

1. To
v.

t.

open in a fissure. 2. To cause

sound abruptly and sharply
:

snap.

to
to

To be fractured with-

v.i.

out breaking to pieces.

n.
1.
A
chink or fissure a crevice.
2. A
sound as of any thing suddenly rent.
;

RXcK'ER,n.

One who

1.

small firework.

cracks. 2.
of hard

A kind

3.

biscuit.

hide.

owl,

n.
[A.-S. cuhle, cugle,
cucullus, cap, hood.] 1.

fr.

Lat.

monk's

cowl-shaped cap for the

top of chimneys.
ow'l,Ick, n. A tuft of hair turned

hood.

2.

up

over the forehead, as

a cow.

licked

if

o'-work'ER (-wfirk'er),
who works with another

n.

by

One

a fellow-

rXck'le,
cracks

v.

n.

ow's/-lIp,

6x'comb

in.

rose.
(-kom), n.

species of prim-

(kra'dl), n.
[A.-S. cradel,
cradol.]
1.
kind of movable bed
for infants.
2.
framework for receiving the grain as cut, and lajing
it evenly.
3.
framework to support a vessel about to be launched.
v. t.
4.
case for a broken bone.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To lay or rock in a
cradle.
2. To cut and lay with a

rAft

1.

3.

[A.-S.
(6), n.
1. Dexterity.

craft, Icel.
2.
trade.
artifice; guile. 4. Ves-

Cunning;

[A corrupt, of
vain, superficial

Graft'i-ness,

of

rafts'MAN

several species, bearing red flowers.

ox-6mb'H!-al (-kom'-), a. Foppish ;_ conceited fanciful.
6x'OMB-ry (-kom-), n. Manners

a mechanic.

fop.

2.

plant

RAFT'Y,
Syn.

of a coxcomb.
tus, quiet.]
Shrinking
proach or familiarity.
Syn. Shy
shrinking
modest bashful.

from ap-

a.

An

Cunning;
[W.

n.

artful; wily; sly.

craig.]

rXg'ged

(60), a.

steep,

rug-

rXg'gy,

a.

[craggy.
n.

of being

State

Full of crags

abound-

ing with broken rocks.

Somewhat coy.
With reserve

6,u, y, long; X, E,I, 6, u, , short; cAre,fXr, Ask, ALL,

Full of crags or

broken rocks.

rXg'gi-NESS,
reserved

oy'ish,

oy'ly, adv.

rXg,

a.

n.
Cunning ; artifice.
artificer;
(150), n.
[others.
Skillful at deceiving

ged rock.

[0. Fr. coy, coi, fr. Lat. quie-

or ships of any kind.

raft'i-ly, adv. With craft or guile.
sels

coc&s comb.]
pretender; a

slight

small, abrupt, snap-

RA'DEE

kraptr.]

East.

a.

To make

i.

make

to

ping noises.

laborer.

Goy,

to be-

(kuz), n.

rXck,

Gow'slip,

Cover.]

n.

C6VERT-LY, adv.
6v'ert-ure (53),

Proceeding from

adv.

ner of a coward.

protection, as a
shelter
a

Under authority or
married woman.

2. Sheltered. 3.

[0. Fr. covert,

See

hid.

[-ED

t.

-ING.] [Tcel. kuga, to depress.] To

sink the spirits or courage of.
ow'ard, n. [0. Fr. couard, orig.
short-tailed, as an epithet of the
hare, fr. Lat. cauda, tail.] One who
lacks courage to meet danger.
Syn.
Craven poltroon
dastard.
A crai'en is literally one who begs off, or
shrinks at the approach of danger ; a
poltroon is a mean-spirited coward;
dastard is one of the strongest terms of
reproach in our language.
ow'ARD-1ce, n. Want of courage.
ow'ard-li-ness, n. Cowardice.

pustular eruption
of the cow the vaccine disease.
ow'ry (kou'ry), n. [Hind, kauri.]
A small shell, used for money in the

(kuv'ert),a.

Covered over

set.

[0.

oW

ow'-pox,

cover of a bed.

6v'ert

Fr. covine,
covaine, from convenir, to agree.] A
deceitful agreement between two or
more persons to prejudice a third.
(kou), n.
[A.-S. eft, Icel. ku,
Female of the bovine
Skr. go.]
n.

Syn. To agree; contract; bargain.

cows, &c.
v. t. To grant or promise by cove- OW'ER, V.

cover,

rXm,
;

slyly.

[A.-S.

WHAT; ERE,

v.

t.

[-MED

crammian.]

1.

-MING, 136.]
To stuff; to

veil, TfiEM; PIQU^.FIRM; s6n,

CRAMP
crowd.

To

2.

satiety.

v.

or beyond

To

1.

eat greedily

2.

n.

[D. kramp,
restraint. 2. [O.

1.

ciiramph

breaking at once. 2. [Lat.

kind of coarse linen.
n.
[Lat. crassamen-

re-

tum,

fr.

crassus, thick.]

of any fluid; a clot.

German Crass'i-tude

H. Ger.
crooked.] An iron instrument to hold together pieces of tim3. A painful spasmodic
ber, &c.
contraction of muscles.
v. t. [-ed
-ING.] 1. To hold tightly pressed
krampf.]

falling and
crussus.]

To prepare Crass'A-MENT.

for an examination by a hasty

view of studies.

CrXmp,

CREOLE

97

with food beyond

fill

i.

satiety.

CRATCH,
hay

n.

A manger

pea.]

Thick part
[coarseness.

Crossness
(53), n.
[0. H. Ger. Jcrippa, kripor open frame for

Cre-ate', v.

[-ed

t.

to originate.

-ing.] [Lat.

cre-

To bring into being;

To be the occasion

are, creatum.] 1.

2.

of.
3. To constitute
to make.
Cre-A'tion, n. 1. Act of creating.
;

Constitution

2.

which

is

formation.

That

3.

created.

Cre-a'tive
Cre-A'tor,

[create.

Having the power to

One who creates the

a.

n.
a crib.
[Lat. crates.]
A hamper 1/ Supreme Being.
jfeREAT'URE (53), n. 1. Any thing
of wicker-work for crockery.
CrA'ter, n. [Gr. Kparrjp, a mixing f^ created; an animal a man. 2. A
vessel, crater, fr. Kepavvvvai, to mix
human being, in contempt or endearment. 3. A servile dependent.
Mouth of a volcano.
;

Crate,??.

together. 2. To afflict with cramp.

[Fr. crampon,
n. pi.
[Lat. cratera,
from 0. H. Ger. chramph, crooked.] Cra-ter'1-form, a.
Hooked pieces of iron, for raising
bowl, and forma, form.]
Having
the form of a goblet.
stones, boxes, &c.
[Prom crane, be- Craunch, v. t.
ran'ber-ry, n.
[-ed
-ing.]
To
cause its slender
crush with the teeth to crunch
stalk has been
Cra-vat', n. [Frftm Fr. Cravate, an
inhabitant of Croatia, from whom
compared to the
this article of dress was adopted in
long legs and
neck of a craue.]
France.] A neck-cloth.
Crave, v.t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
A red, sour ber1. To ask with earnestness
ry
used
for
crqftan.]

RAM-POO N',

Cre'DENOE.

n.
[L. Lat. crcdentia;
Lat. credere, to believe.]
1. Belief;
credit.
2. That which gives a claim
to credit.

Cre'dent, a. Believing.
Cre-den'TIAL, a. Giving a

title to
That which gives credit
to confidence.
[credible.
Cred'i-bil'i-TY, n. Quality of being

credit.

or a

n.

title

CrEd'1-p.le, a. Worthy of belief.

Cred'i-ble-ness, n. Worthiness of
and humility. 2. To long for to
belief.
[deserves belief.
require or demand.
Cred'i-bly, adv. In a manner that
Cra'v.en, n. One who, being van- Cred'it,??. [Lat. creditum, loan, &c,
quished in trial by battle, has craved
fr. credere, to trust, loan.]
1. Belief;
his life of his antagonist.
faith.
2. Esteem
honor reputa-

sauce.

Crane,

n. [A.-S.
cran, allied to
Gr. yepavos.] 1.
A wading bird,
having a long,

Crane

(1).

bill, and
machine for

straight

long legs and neck.

raising,
lower-

2.

Coward;

Syn.

Craw,

CRAW-FISH,

Cray'-fish,

and moving
heavy weights.
A bent pipe,
to draw liquors
out of a cask.
6'RA'NI-AL, a. Belonging

Crane

the

to

crauiology

first

n.

(2).

One versed in

a phrenologist.

science whichiavestigaces the structure of the skull phrenology.

Kpaviov,
;

CRA'NI-OM'E-TER, n.
[Gr.
skull, and fxirpov, measure.]

An infor measuring skulls.

RA'NI-UM, n. ; pi. RA'NI-A. [N.
Lat., from Gr. Kpaviov.]
Skull of an
strument

brain-pan.

H. Ger.

[0.

krebiz.]

slowly, as a worm ; to creep. 2. To

have a sensation as if insects were
creeping about the body.
Cray'on, n. [Fr.,fr. craie, Lat. creta,
chalk, fr. Creta, the island Crete.] 1.
A soft, earthy substance, in form of
a cylinder, for use in drawing. 2.
A drawing made with a pencil or

ING.]
To
crayon, v. t. [-ed;
sketch as with a crayon.
CRAZE, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From
1. To conIcel. krassa, to grind.]
2. To render into impair.
fuse
,

CRANK, n.
1. A bent

sane.
[Cf. Icel. kringr, circle.]
portion of an axis, serving Cra'ZjI-ly, adv. In a crazy manner.
as a handle.
2. Any bend, turn, or Cra'ZINESS, n.
State of being crazy.
winding.
3. A verbal conceit.
a. CRA'ZY, a.
1. Decrepit
broken. 2.
[A.-S. crane, weak.]
1. Liable to be
Deranged weakened shattered.
overset, as a ship. 2. Brisk
Creak, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [A modif.
lively.
rank'le, v. i. [See Crank, n.,and
of crack.] To make a sharp, harsh,
Crinkle.] To run in a winding
grating sound.
course.
n. A bend or turn.
CREAM, n. [Lat. cremor, thick juice
CrAN'ny, n. [Lat. crena, notch.] 1.
or broth.] 1. The oily substance
A fissure, crevice, or chink. 2. A
which forms a scum on milk. 2.
secret, retired place.
Best part of a thing.
v. t.
[-ED
RAPE, n. [Fr. crepe, fr. Lat. crispus,
-ING.] To take off by skimming, as
crisped.] A thin stuff, made of raw
To become covered
v.i.
cream.
silk gummed and twisted. It is much
with cream.
[sembling cream.
used for mourning garments.
Cream'y, a. Full of cream
inCrXsh, v. t. [-ed; -ing J [Goth crease, n.
[Cf. H. Ger. krausen,
kriiistan, to gnash, crash, grate.]
krausen, to crisp, curl.]
A mark
To break to pieces violentlv.
v. i.
made by folding any pliable subTo make a loud, clattering sound, as
stance
any similar mark.
v. t.
of things falling and breaking at
[-ED -ING.] To make a crease or
once.
n.
1. Sound of many things
mark in

OR,DO,WQLF,

TO~b,

EOOlt ^fjRN, RUE .PULL

E,

I,

Influence

3.

O, silent

C,G,SO/i!,-

interest.

4.

Trust given or received. 5. Amount

due from one to another.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To put' trust in;

to believe.

n.

crustaceous animal, resembling the lobster.

Cra\vl,-u.?'. [-ed; -ing.] [D. krabbelen, dim. of krabben.]
1. To move

CRA'NI-OL'O-GY, n.
[Gr. Kpaviov,
skull, and Aoyos, discourse.]
The

Crop or

[D. kraag.]

n.

stomach of fowls.

cranium.

Cra'NI-ol'o-gIst,

tion.

meanness;

with

spiritless.

ing,

poltroon; dastard.

Cowardly

a.

3.

animal

To

2.

Cre d'it-a-ble

set to the credit of.

a.
Reputable ; esti-

mable,

[with credit.

Cred'it-a-bly, adv.
Reputably
Cred'it-or, n. One who gives credit

in business matters

money

is

one to

whom

due.

Cre -du 'L i-t y

Disposition to believe on slight evidence.

CRED'U-LOfis, a. [Lat. credulus; credere, to believe.]
Easily convinced or
,

n.

imposed upon unsuspecting, [lity.

Cred'u-loOs-LY, adv. With credu;

Creed,

[Lat. credo, I believe.]

n.
summary of religious belief.
CREEK, n. [A.-S. crecca.] 1. small
small river
inlet, bay, or cove. 2.

or brook.
n.

Creel,
Creep,

v.

[osier basket.

An

[Gael, craidldeag.]

[imp.

i.

crept;

p. p.

1. To
CREPT.]
[A.-S. creopaii.]
move along, as a worm to crawl.
3. To
2. To move slowly or feebly.
move in a stealthy manner. 4. To
fawn. 5. To grow, as a vine.
Creep'er,??. 1. One who creeps any
2. A fixture worn
creeping thing
on a shoe to prevent slipping. 3. pi.
;

An

instrument with iron claws for

dragging the bottom of any water.

CRE-MA'TION,

n.

[Lat. crematio,

cremare, to burn.]
dead._

A burning

fr.

of tho

[violin.

Cre-mo'na, n. A superior kind of

CRE'NATE, \a. [Lat. crena; notch.]
Cre'na-ted,
Notched in the form
)

of a scallop-shell.

Cre'ole,

[Sp. criollo, prop", created, nursed, grown up.]

One born
in tropical America, or the adjacent
islands, of any color.

n.

,&,hard; A5 EglST;

NasNGj

THIS.

CREOSOTE

CEO OK

98

CRE'O-SOTE, n. [Gr. <cpeas, generally (cpe'ws, flesh, and cr&gciv, to preAn oily liquid, having the
serve.]
smell of smoke, and strong antiseptic properties.

ing note. 2. [A.-S. cricc, crooked staff,

crutch.]
A game with a bat, ball,
and wicket. 3. A sort of low stool.
Crick'ET-ER, n. One who plays at
[makes proclamation.
cricket.

Crep'i-tate,

Cri'er,

n.

CRIME,

n.

[Lat.

crackle

;_ to

[-ED;

-ING.]
To
crepitatum.]

v.
erepitare,

i.

[crackling.

snap.

CREP'I-TA'TION,

A snapping

n.

CREPT, imp. & p.p.

of Creep.

CRE-PUS'CU-LAR,
Cre-pOs'cu-loOs,

a.

twiliglit

or

[See supra.]

Pertaining to

glimmering.

GRES-pEN'DO,

a.

With a con-

[It.]

Crescendo*
increasing
indicated as in
volume of voice
the margin.

stantly

4}RES'cent,

[Lat. crescens, p. pr.

of crescere to increase.] Increasing
1. The moon in her
n.
growing.
2. The Turkish flag
first quarter.
itself, on which is a figure of the new
a.

moon.
Cress,

3.

The Turkish power.

Cres'set,

n.
[Fr. croisette, dim. of
croix, cross, hecause beacons formerly had crosses on their tops.]

An

open lamp placed on a beacon, or

carried on a pole.
[A.-S. crdsta, Lat. crista.]

n.

One who

Crjsp'ly, adv.
Crisp'y,
Brittle.

CrIt'ic-al,

bracing wickedness of every kind. Crime

is a violation of law, and springs from
our passions; vice from the inordinate
indulgence of natural appetites, which
in themselves are innocent. Intemperance is a vice, sometimes leading to the
crime of murder.
CRIM'i-nal, a.
1. Guilty of, or involving, a crime.
2. Relating to
crime.
n. One who has committed
a crime.
[criminal guiltiness.
CriM'I-nXl'I-TY n. Quality of being

dicious.
catipous.

RI-TE'RI-A.

pi.

a.

2.

caviler.

Exact; nicely ju-

1.

Inclined to find fault;

3.
Relating to criticism.
4. Decisive; hence of doubtful issue.
Crit'ic-al-ly, adv.
In a critical
2.

manner; exactly.
Crit'ic-al-ness,

n.

State of being

critical ._

Crit'i-cise, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]

examine and judge as a critic.

To

v.

To act

Crim'i-nal-ly, adv.

n.

ductions of art.

cm-

generic,

crispness.
State of being crisp.
Frizzled; crisp.
2

1.

[Gr. KpiTTjptov, from npiveiv, to separate, decide.] A standard of judging.

CRIT'IC, n.
[Gr. icpniKos, fr. Kpivetv,
to separate, judge.]
1.
One skilled
in judging of literary works or pro-

death.

is

o.

CRI-TE'RI-ON,

Any violation
to decide judicially.]
of law, either divine or human.
Capital crime, a crime punishable with
Syn. Sin; vice. Sin

With

tJRisp'NESS, n.

one who
[Lat. crimen, from cernere,
cried

as a critic

Crit'I-cism,

i.

to animadvert.

Art of judging of
a^Kterary performance, or of a proCRIM'I-NATE v. t. [-EDJ-ING.] To
accuse or charge with a crime; to L^duction in the fine arts.
2. A detailed examination and review.
impeach.
Crim/i-na'tion, n. Act of accusing
Cri-TIQUE' (-teek'), /. [See CRITIC]
A critical examination or estimate of
accusation.
[sorious.
Crim'i-na-to-RY, a. Accusing cena work.
Crimp, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Of. Ger. Croak, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
cracetav, Gr. Kpw^eiv, Kpd^eiv.]
krimmen, to seize with the claws or
1.
To make a low, hoarse noise, as a
beak.]
1. To form into ridges or
frog, or crow.
plaits.
2. To pinch and hold.
2. To forbode evil
3.
to grumble.
To decoy into the power of a recruitn. Low, harsh sound,
Wickedly.

n.

1.

n.
[A.-S. cresse, Ger. kresan,
to creep.] A plant of various species
used as a salad.

Crest,

A tuft the comb of a cock. 2.

as of a frog or raven.
n.
One who decoys
Plume or other decoration on a heling officer.
into the power of a recruiting officer. Croak'er, n.
met hence, the helmet itself. 3.
One who croaks.
[-ed; -ing.]
To Cro-ciiet' (kro-shu'), n. [Fr., small
The rising part of a horse's neck. 4. Crimp'le, v. t.

1.

The foamy top of a wave.

contract to curl to corrugate.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To furnish with a CRfrtt'gON (krmVzn), n. [Ar. c/armaz,
qermez, cochineal insect, and a liquid
crest
to serve as a crest for.
;

Crest'-fallen
hanging head

(-fa win), a.
"With
hence, dejected.

Cre-ta'ceous,

Having

chalk.]
of chalk.

fr. creta,

ties

[Lat.

a.

cretaceus,
the quali-

idiot in
[Fr. cretin.]
n.
the low valleys of the Alps, generally
afflicted with goiter.
Cre'TIN-isjm, n.
species of idiocy.
RE-VASSE', n. [Fr.,fr. Lat. crepare,
deep crevice
to crack, to burst.]
or split, as in a glacier.
Crev'Ice, n. [Fr. crevasse. See supra.]
narrow opening a fissure.
(ki-u), n.
[Fr. crue, increase,
accession.]
1.
company; an assemblage. 2. Seamen belonging to
a vessel. v., imp. of Crow.
(kru/el), n.
[For cleivel,
dim. of clew, a ball of thread.]
Worsted yarn slackly twisted.
CRIB, n. [A.-S. crybb.] 1. Manger or

Crew'el

rack of a stall.
2. A stall. 3. A
small inclosed bedstead. 4. A box.
[-bed; -BING,137.] 1. To
v. t.
confine in a narrow habitation. 2.

To pilfer.
Crib'BAGE, n.
CrIb'BLE, n.

A game at

cards.
Lat. criblus.]
coarse sieve or screen.
CrIck, n.
spasmodic and painful
affection as of the neck or back.
[L.

CrIck'ET, n.
cricket, and

1.

[W.

cricellu,

criciad, cricell,
to chirp.]

small insect,characterized by a chirpA, E,

I,

v.

a.

deep-red color,
Of a deep red

To dye
with crimson.
To become
v. i.
crimson to blush.
Cringe, v. i. L-ed -ing.] [Cf. Icel.
kringi, to make round.] To draw
color.

t.

[-ED

-ING.]

An

CRE'tin,

Crew

expressed from it.]

tinged with blue.

one's self together as in fear or timid servility; to fawn. -r-n.

Servile
civility

krCkr, hook.] A kind

of a small
To perform the kind
of netting called crochet.
Crock, n.
[Cf. W. croeg, cover.]
soot; smut; lamp-black.
v. t. or
i.
[-ED; -ing.]
To blacken with
soot, or coloring matter of cloth.
Crock'er-Y, n. [ Crock, obs. an earthen vessel.] Earthen-ware pottery.
Crock'et, n. [Cf. Crook, curve.]
(Arch. ) An imitation of curved and

hook,

hook.

bent

(krmg/gl), n. [Icel. kringla,

orb, round cake, from kringr, circle.]
A rope, having its end formed into a
ring to secure it to a sail.
[-ED; -ING.] [D.
CRINK'LE, V. t.
krinkenel, to wind or twist.]
To
form with short turns or wrinkles.
v. i.
To run in and out in little

foliage.

oeiAo?.]

large

reptile,

growing to the
length of sixteen or eighteen feet.

2.

red color.

CROFT,

n.

[A.-S. croft,

Kpv7rT09, concealed.]
or inclosed field.

Cro-mor'na,

n.

crooked horn

[Ger.

Gr. Kpvimj t
small close,

krummhorn,

A certain reed stop

in the organ.

Crone,

n.

[A.-S. crone,

an old ewe.]

An old woman; in contempt.

Cro'ny,m. [See Crone.] An intimate companion.

5,U, Y,long; A,E,J, 6, V,f, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

Crocodile.

Skr.

1 A genus of plants.
mineral powder of a yellow or

kunkuma.]

sparkling, v. t.
[-ED:-ING.] 1.
To curl, as the hair. 2. To wrinkle

n. [Gr.

/cpd/cos,

t.

n. [Gr. kpoko-

Crin'o-liNE,

[Fr., fr. crin, hair.]

n.
lady's skirt expanded by hoops, or
by being made of hair cloth, &c.
[Prop, one that must
CRIP'PLE, n.
creep.]
One who creeps, halts, or
1. To
limps,
v. t. [-ed: -ing.]
deprive of the use of the limbs to
lame. 2. To disable.
Cri'sis, n. ; pi. cri'se. [Gr. /cpiVi?,
fr. KpCveiv, to separate, decide.]
The
decisive moment; the turning point.
CrIsp, a. [Lat. crispus.] 1. Formed
into stiff curls.
2. Full of indentations.
3. Brittle.
4. Effervescing

made by means

r6CO-D1LE,

Cro'cus,

bends.

t'.

mean bow.

CRIN'GLE

fr. Icel.

of netting

CRO~OK

WHAT; ERE,

[Colloq.]
[Icel. krokr.]

(27), n.

bend, turn or curve.

VEIL,

TERM

2.

1.

trick or

PIQUE, FIRM S6N,

;

CRuOK-BACK
A

artifice.

op's staff.

CRURAL

99

shepherd"s or a bish[-ed; -ING.] 1.

v.t

grain crossed or irregular.

natured contrary.

2. Ill-

kroos, kruus,

jug,

jar,

mag,

English

cruse.]
A chemiIn a cross way.
to Cross'ly, adv.
To turn from a straight line
cal vessel or meltCross'ness, n. Quality of being cross.
2. To pervert.
bend to curve.
ing-pot, capable of
Cross'-PUR'pose (pGVpus), n. An
To be bent or curved.
v. i.
enduring
great
opposing- purpose inconsistency.
rook'ed (60), p. a. 1. Bent not
Cross'-Ques'tion (-kwM/yun),. t.
perverse.
straight. 2. Devious
Crucibles.
Cru'ci-fPer,
n.
To cross-examine.
ROOK'ED-LV, adv. In a crooked
One who crucifies..
Cross'-road, n. A road that crosses
manner.
Cru/CI-fix, n. [Lat. crux, cross, and
Crook'ed-ness, n. Curvity inflex- Cross'- way, j another.
Jigere,Jixum, to fix.] A cross, with
Cross'wise, adv. In the form of a
ion: deformity.
the figure of Christ crucified upon it
across.
cross
Croon, v. [-ed;-ing.] To sing in
Crotch, n. [Cf. Crutch.] 1. Fork- ru/CI-fix'ion (-iik'shun), n. Act
a low tone to sing softly.
of fastening a person to a cross.
piece
ings
a
trunk.
2.
A
forked
cropp.]
of
crop,
1.
Upper
ROP,n. [A.-S.
Cru'CI-form, a.
[Lat. crux, cross
of wood, &c.
receptacle of food of a bird, situated
and forma, form.] Cross-shaped.
Crochet.]
1.
Crotch'et,
n.
[See
2.
Highest
part
of
throat.
in the
A crotch. 2. A note, equal in dura- Cru/ci-fy, v.t. [-ed; -ing, 142.]
any thing. 3. That which is cropped
[Lat. crux, cross, and Jigere, to fix.]
tion to half a minim. 3. {Print.) A
or gathered from a single field; fruit;
1. To fasten to a cross. 2. To destroy
bracket. 4. A whim a conceit.
4. Any thing cut off or
harvest.

the
power of.
-ing.]
Eng.
[-PED;
-PING.]
Crouch,
i>.
[-ed;
t.
[0.
To
gathered.
v.
[-ER
-est.]
[Lat.
croock, from crook, to bend.]
1. To Crude (32), a.
cut off the ends of to pluck.
crudus,
2.
To
bend
obseprop, bloody.]
1.
In itf
surface,
sfoop
lie
low.
or
f. i. 1. To appear above the
natural state raw. 2. Unripe imquiously to cringe.
as a bed of coal. 2. To come to light.
mature. 3. Not reduced to order oi
C.ROP'-EAR-ED, a. Having the end Croup, n. 1. [Fr. croupe. Cf. Crop.]

?'.

of the ears cut oil.

Cro-QUET'
croc,

(kro-k.7'), .
stick.]

crooked

[Fr.,

An

from

open-air
balls

and

wind-pipe.

Crou'pi-er

long-handled mallets.

Cro'sier

Buttocks of a horse hence, the place

behind the saddle. 2. [Cf. Crop.]
An inflammatory affection of the
;

game played with wooden

form.

Coarsely colored.
Crude'ly, adv. In a crude manner.
Crude'ness, n. Rawness
unripeness immaturity.
4.

Cru'di-ty, n. 1. Rawness.
which is in a crude state.
One who watches

(krob'pi-er), n.

[Fr., fr.

2.

That

groupe, group.] 1.
the cards and collects the money at Cru/EL, a. [Lat. crudelis, fr. crudus.
2'.
1.
cruriarium,
a gaming-table.
See Crude.]
Pleased to give
from
An assistant
pain to others. 2. Causing pain,
crux, cross.]
chairman at a public diuner party.
Ofgrief, or misery.
ficial staff of an
Crow, n. [A.-S. crawe, so named
Savage; barbarous; inhuman.
Syn.
archbishop,
or
from its cry.] 1. A large black bird,
pastoral staff of
having a harsh, croaking note. 2. Cru/el-ly, adv. With cruelty.
a bishop.
An iron lever. 3. Yoice of the cock. Cru'el-ty,?i. 1. Inhumanity; barbarity.
Cross (21), n. [Lat.
[imp. crew or crowed
2. A cruel deed.
v. i.
crux, cruris-] 1. A
1. To make the CRU'ET, n.
[Contr. fr. Fr. cruchette,
p. p. crowed.]
dim. of cruche, jug, jar.]
gibbet, consisting of two pieces of
2. To exult
shrill sound of a cock.
A small
glass bottle for vinegar, oil, &c.
timber placed on one another, in
to_brag.
[as a lever.
various forms, as
A bar of iron used Cruise, n. A small bottle. See Cruse.
or ~f, or X- 2. Crow'-bar, n.
Symbol of Christ's death, and hence, Crowd, t-. t.
[-ed -ing.]
CRUIE (kruz, 32), v. i. [-ed -ing.]
1. To
of Christianity.
press or drive together. 2. To en[I), kruisen, from cruis, a cross.]
To
3. Affliction as a
test of patience or virtue.
cumber.
go back and forth on the ocean.
4. Mark,
1. To press together
n.
t". t.
symbol, or ornament, in form of a
in numbers.
A vojage made without settled
2. To urge forward.
cross.
course.
[cruises.
5. A mixing of breeds or
n. [A.-S. croda,crudli.] A throng
Cruis'er, n. One who, or a ship that,
stock.
transajnultitude.
a. 1. Lying- athwart
[2. A caltrop.
verse.
Crow'-foot, n. 1. A genus of plants. CrOmb (krum), n. [A.-S. crume, fr.
2. Adverse
contrary.
3.
Peevish fretful. 4. Interchanged.
Crown, n. [Gr. /copwir/.] 1. A wreath,
cruman, to break into small pieces.]
v.t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To put, lay,
garland, or any ornament worn on
[Written also r.rum.] A small fragor draw across. 2. To pass from one
the head, esp. as a badge of dignity
ment, especially of bread or cake.
side to the other of.
or power.
2. A
sovereign. 3. A
v. t.
To break into crumbs.
3. To thwart
to interfere with.
certain denomination of coin.
to
4. JIErum'ble, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Dim.
4. To cancel
erase.
Chjef or topmost part of any thing,
5. To mix the breed of.
of crumb.]
To break into small
v. i. 1. To lie or be athwart.
as of the head.
2. To
v. t. [-ED
-ING.]
pieces.
v. i. To fall to decay.
pass from one side toward the other,
1. To invest with a crown, or with
Crum'my, a. 1. Full of crumbs. 2.
or from place to place.
royal dignity.
2.
To adorn
to
Soft.
Cross'-biex, n. 1. A defendant's bill
dignify. 3. To complete
to perfect. Crum'pet, n.
[Cf. Crumb.] A kind
in a chancery or equitv suit.
2. A Crown'-glAss, n. The finest sort of
of soft cake, not sweetened.
kind of bird.
window-glass.
[wise on a stock.
CrOm'PLE, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Cf.
Cross'-bow, n. A bow put cross- Crown'-prince, n. The prince royal
Crimp and Cramp.] To press into
Cross'-breed, n. A breed produced
who inherits the crown.
v.i.
To shrink
wrinkles or folds.
from parents of different breeds.
Crown'-saw, n. A species of tubuto wrinkle.
irregularly
Cross'-bOn. n. A bun or cake marked
lar saw.
Crunch, v. i. [-ed -ing ] To chew
with a cross.
CROWN'-WHEEL, n. A wheel with
with violence and noise.
Cross'-ex-am'I-nI'tion, n.
Excogs at right angles to its plane.
Crup'per (krdbp'per in Amer.;
amination of a witness, called by one CRU/CIAL, (32). a.
[Lat. crux, cruris,
krilp'per in Eng.), n. [Fr. croupiere.
party, by the opposite party.
cross.]
1. Having the form of a
See Croup, buttocks.] 1. Rump of
CROSS'-EX-AM'INE, v. t. [-ED -ING.]
cross.
2. Trying or searching.
a horse. 2. Strap of leather to preTo subject to cross-examination.
Cru'CI-ate (krn/shl-, 45,95), a. [Lat.
vent the saddle from slipping forward.
Cross'-eyed (-Id), a. Having- the
cruriare, cruciatus, to torture, from
To place a crupper upon.
v. t.
eyes turned, so that they look in dicrux, cross.]
Having the leaves ar- Cru/ral (32), a. [Lat. cruralis, from
rections which cross one another.
ranged in the form of a cross.
cr'us, cruris, leg.]
Belonging to, or
ross'-grain.ed, a. 1. Having the Cru/CI-ble, n. [Prob. from L. Ger.
shaped like, a leg.
zher), n.

(kro'[L. Lit.

OR DO, WOLF, TOO. TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL,

E,

I,

O, silent

9, G, soft;

,G,hard; As; exist; NasNG.

CRUSADE
Gru-sade',

n.

[Fr. croisade, fr. Lat.

crux, cross.] 1. A mediaeval military

expedition to recover the Holy Land.
2. Any fanatical enterprise.
Cru-sad'er, n. A person engaged

a crusade.

ruse

in

[small cup or bottle.

[See Crucible.]
[See Crucible.]

(32), n.

Cru'set,

n.

goldsmith's crucible.
Crush, v. t. [-ed -ing.]
;

[Icel.

kras-

W.

[Lat. crusta,

crest, fr.

harden by heat.] The hard,

external covering of any thing

hence, any concretion.
v. I. [-E D
-ING.] To cover with a hard case, or
crust.
v. i.
To gather or contract
into a hard crust.

Srvs-ta'ge-a (-ta'she-),

n. pi. [Lat.

crusta, crust, rind, shell.]

One of
the classes of the articulated animals,
having a crust-like shell, including
lobsters, shrimps, and crabs.
rus-ta'ce-an (-she-an), n. An animal belonging to the Crustacea.
rus-ta'ce-6l'o-Gy (-ta'she-), n.
[From Crustacea, and Gr. Ao-yos, discourse.] Science which treats of the

RUS-TA'CEOt)s,a.

1. Pertaining to,
or having, a crust-like shell. 2. Belonging to the Crustacea.
*RUST'I-L Y adv. In a crusty manner.
,

rust'i-ness,

n.

Quality oi Lcing

crusty.

Peevish

Like crust; hard.

surly morose.

a.
;

2.

1.

n.

cross.]

[L. Lat. croccia, fr. crux,

staff with a cross-piece at

the head, placed under the arm.

7.
[-ED; -ing, 142.]
[Fr.
crier, fr. Lat. quiritare, freq. form of
queri, to complain.]
1. To speak,
call, or exclaim loudly.
2. To weep
and sob.
1. To utter loudly.
v. I.
2. To advertise by outcry.
n.
1.

RY,r.

The

inarticulate

Pertaining

a.

or

to hide.] 1. A subterranean cell a

vault under a church used for burial
purposes. 2. A subterranean chapel
hence, a hiding-place.
RYP'TIC,
)a.
Hidden;
conryp'tic-al,
cealed
secret.
;

n.

[Lat. cucurbita,

gourd.]

A chemical

Cu-CUR'BI-ta'ceous,
to,

a.

Belonging

or like, the melon and cucumber.

n. [A.-S. cud ; ceoivan, to chew.]
Food brought up into the mouth

COd,
1.

by ruminating

RYS'TAL-LiZE, V. t.
[-ED
To cause to form crystals.

CtJD'DY, n.

to,

v.-ING.]
To
;

i.

be converted into crystals.

rys'tal-log'ra-phy, n.

[Gr. Kpva--

raAAos, ice, crystal, and ypufyeiv, to

write.]
Science of crystallization.
CUB, n. [Prob. from Lat. cubare, to lie

down.]
A young animal, especially
the young of the bear.
v. t. or
[-bed -bing, 136.] To bring forth

?'.

said of animals.
;

u'BA-TURE

sides.

of a

2.

Product

number

multi-

plied twice into

self.

v.

it;

To multiply into

itself twice.

Cu'BEB,

n. [Ar. kababat.] The small,

spicy berry of a tropical plant.
1 a.
Having the form or
Cti'Blc-AL, J
properties of a cube.
Cu'bic-al-ly, adv.
In a cubical

C u'BIC,

method.
Cu'bic-al-ness,

Cu'Bl-FORM,

Quality of being

n.

a.

time.

W. cuddiaia, to hide.] To lieclos*

[Prob. a contr. from D.
kajuit, Fr. cahute, cabin, hut.]
A
small cabin in a lighter or boat.
CtJD'GEL, n. [W. cogel, from cog, a
mass or lump.] A short, thick stick
;

aclub. v.

[-ED,-ING or-LED,
To beat with a cudgel
C0d'Gel-er, n. One who beats witu
-LING,

I.

137.]

a cudgel.

cubus, cube,

[Lat.

Having the form

a,n& forma, form.]

(ku), n.
[0. Fr. cove, coe, now
fr. Lat. cavda, tail.] 1. A tailback of the
head. 2. A hint or intimation. 3

queue,

like twist cf hair at the

The part one is to perform. 4. A

straight rod used in playing billiards.
n.
1. A blow with the open
hand. 2. [Perh. fr. Fr. coijffe, coej/e,
head-dress, hood, or coif]
Fold at
the end of a sleeve.
v. t.
[-ED
-ING.]
[Sw. kvjffa, to knock, to
push.] To strike with the flat of the
hand, as a man.
Cu'l'-RASS' (kwe-ras' or kwe'ras), n. [L.
Lat. coratia, curacia, orig. a breastplate of leather, fr. corivm, leather.]
Defensive armor, covering the body
from the neck to the girdle.

CUFF,

Cube.

[-ed

t.

first

Cue

Process of finding the cubic contents of a body.

CUBE, n. [Gr. kv'/Sos, a cube, a cubical die.] 1. A regular solid body, with
six equal
square
(53), n.

of a cube.

Cu'i/ras-sier', n.
with a cuirass.

CuiSH

armed

soldier

(kwTs), n.

[Fr. cuisse, thigh,

leg.] Defensive armor for the thighs.
Cuisine (kv/e-zvn'), n. [Fr.] 1. The

Cu'BlT, n. [Lat. cubitum, cubitus, elkitchen.

2. Style of cooking.
[Lat. Cultores Dri,
bow, ell, cubit.] 1. The fore-arm. 2. CUL-DEE', n.
worshipers of God.]
One of an anDistance from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger.
cient monkish fraternity in Scotland
Cu'BlT-AL, a. Pertaining to the cubit.
and Ireland.

Cu'BOID,

a.

[Gr

/cv/3oeiSrjs,

fr.

)
)

vessel in the shape of a gourd.

animals from their

stomach, and chewed a second
2. A piece of chewing tobacco.
COd'dle, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Cf.

pure

sound made by an Cu-BOID'AL, f /cv/3o?, cube, and etfios,

form.] Having nearly the form of a

animal.
Outcry
2.
clamor.
3.
Loud expression of triumph or wonder, of pain, &c.
[rious
heinous.
Cry'ing, a. Calling for notice notoCRYPT, n. [Gr. Kpvm~q, fr. Kpvmeiv,

U-UR'BIT,
u-c0r'bite,

clear
pellucid.
Crys'tal-li-za'tion, n.
Act or
process of becoming crystallized.
;

cubical.

CRUTCH,

-ING.]

Crustacea.

Crust'y,

n.
[Gr. KpvoraWos, ice,
crystal, from Kpvos, frost.]
1. Regular lorni whicii a substance tends to
assume in solidifying. 2. A tine kind
of glass.
3. Glass of a watch case.
4. Any thing resembling crystal.
a. Clear; transparent; crystalline.
like, crystal

cresu, to

Crys'tal,

A Crys'tal-l'ine,

sa, to grind.
Cf. Crash.]
1. To
press and bruise between two hard
2. To overwhelm by presbodies
3. To subdue; to ruin.
sure.
n.
violent collision or compression.

RUST,?i.

CULMINATION

100

cube.

Cuck'ing-stool,

fi'LI-NA-RY,

[Lat. culinarius,

a.

fr.

kitchen.]
Relating to the
kitchen, or to cookery.
tJLL, v. t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat. colligere, to collect.]
To select or pick
culina,

n.

rupt, of ducking-stool.]

[Perh. a corAn instru-

out.

ment for punishing scolds, by plung- Gull'ER, w. One who culls especialing them into water.
ly, an inspector who selects wares
-Cuck/old, n.
suitable for market.
[From Lat. cuculus,
[Lat. coleus, culevs, a
cuckoo, in allusion to the habit of Cul'ly, n.
;

the female cuckoo, who lays her eggs

in the nests of other birds, to be

leather bag, scrotum, 0. Fr. coui lion,

coillon, a vile fellow.]
A person easiv. t. To d<ceive.
A man whose
hatched by them.]
ly deceived.
[Lat. cuimus, stalk,
ryp'TO-gXm, n. [Gr. /cpum-os, hid1.
wife is false to his bed husband of Culm, n.
den, and yajaos, marriage.] A flowerStalk or stem of corn and
stem.]
an adulteress.
less plant._
grasses.
2 [W. civlm, knot.] AnCuck'oo (k6W6~o),7i. [Gr. k6kkv,
-Sryp / TO-ga'mi-an, ) a.
thracite coal in small masses.
Pertaining
Skr. kOkila.] A well-known bird, de[Lat. cuimus,
Cryp'to-gam/ic, [ to cryptogams;
Cul-mif'er-ous, a.
riving its name from its note.
and ferre, to bear.]
stalk, stem,
Cryp-tog'a-mous, ) having
the Cu'cul-late,
or \ a.
[Lat. cucontaining culm.
fructification concealed.
Bearing culms
u-cul'late, (45) /
cullus,
a
[-ED; -ING.]
ryp-tog'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Kpvmos, Cu'cul-la'ted, or ( cap, hood, UL'MI-NATE, V. i.
To reach
secret, and ypd<f>eiv, to write.] Art of
[Lat. culmen, top, ridge.]
CU-GUL'LA-TED, ) cowl.]
writing in secret characters.
the highest point or position, [ward.
Covered, as with a hood or cowl.
RYP-TOL'o-GY, n.
eUL'MI-NATE (45), a. Growing up[Gr. tcpvirTos,
Having the shape of a hood.
1. Attainment
secret, and Aoyo?, discourse.] Secret Cu'CUM-BER, n.
COl/mi-na'tion, n.
[Lat. cucumis.]
2.
or enigmatical language.
of the highest point of altitude.
well-known plant and its fruit.
;

A, E,

I,

5,U,Y,^n^/ A,E,I, 6,U,Y,

short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM S6N

;

CULPABILITY

CURRENT

101

1. A check; part of a btv

[Lat. cuneus, a urb, n.
u-NE'l-FOBM, a.
die.
2. A wall to hold back a mass
wedge, and forma,
u'ni-form,
of earth. 3. A wall within a well or
form.] Having the form of a wedge.
round the mouth of it. v. t. [-ED,[From A.-S. cunnan,
<3Dn'ning, a.
culpable
-ING.] [Fr. courber, to bend, curve,
[Lat. culpubilis,fv.
1. Skillful exto know, to be able
eOl/PA-BLE, a.
Lat. curvare.]
1. To restrain
Deserving cento
perienced. 2. Artfully deceitful. 3.
culpare, to blame.]
confine.
2. To furnish with or reIngenious curious.
sure worthy of blame.
Syn\ Wrong blamable censurable.
strain
by_a
curb.

wily crafty.
Syn. Artful sly
A
GuL'PA-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of deCunning is usually low, as a trick; art- 0rb'-r6of, n.

Arrival at the highest pitch of glory,

power, &c.
eDi/PA-BlL'l-TY, n

Quality of being
blameworthiness.

serving blame.
[manner.
In a culpable
-Gul'PA-bly, adv.
[Prob. for culpit (with
ftL'PRlT, n.
r inserted), an ancient form of culped,
accused, from a supposed 0. Eng.
verb toculpe, Lat. culpare, to accuse.]
2. One
1. One accused of a crime.
convicted of crime a criminal.

ful more ingenious and inventive, as a

device; sly implies a turn for what is
double or concealed, as, sly humor, a sly
evasion; crafty, a talent for dexterously
deceiving, as, a crafty manager; wily, a
talent for the use of stratagems, as, a
wily politician.

0lt,

art

cultus, care, rever-

[Lat.

n.

Homage

ence.]

Cul'ti-va-BLE,

Capable of being

cultivated.

iJL/TI-VATE,

V.

Lat. cultivare,

t.

fr.

gem

Faculty or art of using stratato accomplish a purpose deceit

;

[-ED -ING.] [L.

Lat. colere, to till.]
;

To

till

to fertilize.

to cherish.

3-

care

civilization.

etJP'BOARD (kub'urd),

Refinement.

3.

0l'ti-va'tor, n. 1
One who cultivates

n.

way.

URD,

n.

closet for cups, plates, &c.

n. [Lat. cupella, small cask.]

ual charge
4.

Cultivator.

cultivate.

[Lat. coluber, a sern.

pent, colubrinus, like a serpent ]
A
long, slender piece of ordnance, formerly in use.
uL'VERT,n. [Prob. corrupt, fr. Fr.
convert, covered.] An arched drain
under a road or canal, &c.

COl'ver-tailed,

United by a

a.

dove-tailed joint.

[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.
Lat. cumbrus, a heap of earth.]
be burdensome or oppressive to.
a.

[L.

encumber.
rT3i'BER-s6ME-NESS,
being cumbersome.

So as to

n.

Quality of
[hindrance.

Encumbrance

n.
1.

Burdensome.

n.
See Comfrey.
n.
[Gr. icvfjuvov, Ar.

2.

kam-

matic seeds.
V.

t.

[-ED:

-ING.]

cumulatum, fr. cumulus, a heap.] To heap together.

eu'MU-LA'TiON, n. Act of heaping
[Lat. annulare,

together

a heap.

u'mu-ea-tive,
mass.

2.

a.

Forming a

1.

Augmenting.

<3u'ne-al, a. [Lat. cuneus. a wedge.]

Wedge-shaped cuneiform.
u'ne-ate, ) a. [SeeSuPRA.] Havu'NE-A'TED, ( ing the shape of a
;

Cu'NE-AT're,
OR,

a physi-

(kuViu), n.

[0. Fr. couvrefeu, from couvrir, to cover, and feu,

fire.]
bell at night-fall, orig. a
signal to cover fires, extinguish lights,
and retire to rest.
/
Rl-6s'l-TY, n. 1. Quality of being
;

Cu'PULE.n.

UR,

[Lat. cuprum,
bear.] Contain-

A little

[Lat. cupula.]

wedge

cuneiform.

[Contr. fr. L. Ger. koter, k6common dog, orig. dog of a

Ger. koth, Eng. cot.] A worthless or degenerate dog.
nR'A-BLE, a. Capableof being cured.
ur'a-ble-NESS, n. Possibility of
being cured.
n.

fr.

(ku/ra-so'), n.

cordial,

flavored with orange-peel, cinnamon,

and mace so called from the island
of Curacoa.
[of a curate.
u'ra-cy, ii. Office or employment
Cu'RATE, n.
[L. Lat. curatus, prop,
one charged with the care (Lat. cura)
of souls.] A minister employed as an
assistant to the rector or vicar.
<3u'ra-Tive, a.
Relating or tending
to cure.
u-RA'TOR, n. [Lat., from curare, to
take care of.]
1. A superintendent.
2.
trustee
a guardian.
;

DOjWQLFjTOCsTOOi;; urn, rue, pull

K,

i,

o, silent

0rl,^.
la, to

[-ed;-ING.]

t.

c,G,so/i!;

[Icel. krul-

To

curl, to crisp.]

twist or

v.i.
form into ringlets or coils.
To bend into curls or ringlets.

To move in curves.

ther,&

cot,

dwarf plant, having aro- CyRA-COA'

eO'MU-LATE,

[cian.

One who cures

n.

cup, as of the acorn.

Cum'frey,
?nft.]

ing or affording copper.

Giving trouble.

U31'IN,

n.
The refining of
gold, silver, &c, in a cupel.
A
kJ-PID'I-TY, n._ [Lat. cupiditas, from
cupidus, longing.] Eager desire to
u
possess something, espcially wealth
curious accuracy scrupulousness.
covetousness lust.
u'PO-LA (147), n. [Lat. cupida, fr.
2. Disposition to inquire
inquisitiveness.
3. That which is curious.
cupa, a tub, cask.] A spherical vault
edifice.
curiosus,
!u'RI-OUS, a. [Lat.
fr. cura,
on the top of an
Operation of drawing
<30p'ping, n.
care.]
1. Solicitous to be correct
with
cupping-glass.
Artfully
constructed.
blood
a
careful. 2.
3.
up'ping-glass, n.
A glass vessel
Eager to learn habitually inquisi[manner.
like a cup, used in letting blood.
tive. 4. Singular odd.
Gu'PRE-oDs, a. [Lat. cupreus, fr. cu- u'ri-ous-ly, adv.
In a curious
prum, copper.] Of or like copper u'ri-ous-ness, n. State or quality
coppery.
of being curious.

To u-prif'er-ous, a.
copper, and ferre, to

Burdensome.

um'ber-s6me-l,y, adv.

-eOM'BRAN^E,
GiJm'broCs, a.

[-ed

UM'BER,

<3Dm'BER-s6ivie,

t.

incurable.

ui/VER-lN,

v.

restorative.

UR'FEW

-eu'PEL-LA'TlON,
fr.

3.

Remedy

1. Spirit-

of a curate. 2. MedRestoration to health.

office

-ING.]

metals.

[Lat. cullura,

[Lat. cura, care.]

ical care.

A small cup used in refining precious UR'ER,

(53), n.

liquid.

URE,n.

ment

1. CultiLat. colere, to cultivate.]

2. Result of cultivation
vation.
refinement. v. t. [-ED -ing.] To

gruth, cruth, curd, cruCoagulated part of

[From curd.] 1. To
v. i.
2. To thicken
change into curd.
[-ED -ING.] To
to congeal.
v. t.
change into curd.

2.

CULT'URE

[Ir.

thaim, I milk.]

2.
1. To restore to health.
To remedy to remove. 3. To presmall
serve by drying, salting, &c.
!ure'eess, a. Incapable of cure;

Gu'PEL,

Agricultural imple
to loosen the
surface of the earth.

n.

^ urb rot.
stone placed edgewise
against earth to prevent its giving

UR'DLE,

With cunning.

Gfrp, n. [A.-S. cvpp, cuppa, from Lat.

cupa, cuppa, tub, cask.] 1. A small
vessel to drink from
2. Contents of
a cup. 3. Any thing formed like a

2. To foster
cup. v. t. [-ped -PING, 133.] To
To improve by care or
bleed by scarification and a cuppingglass.
study. 4. To produce by tillage.
Cul/ti-va'tion, n. 1. Tillage pro- up'-bear/eb,?i. One who fills and
2.
Fostering
hands the cups at an entertainment.
duction by tillage.
1.

slope.

milk or of any

craft.

un'ning-ly, adv.

worship.

a.

n.

roof having a double

urb'-stone,

2.

An

n.

1.
2.

A ringlet.

1.

undulating or curving

line.

UR'LEW (kur'lu), h. [Fr. courlieu.]

A wading bird, with a long bill.
url'i-ness, n. State of being curly.
<30ri/y, a. Having curls or a tendency to curl.

ur-mDd'geon

(-jun), n.
[0. Eng.
corn-mudgin, a corrupt, of corn-merchant,
this class being accused of
withholding bread from others.] An
avaricious, churlish fellow a miser.

t/R'RANT,

[From

n.

Corinth, in

small dried gi'ape,

used in cookery. 2. Fruit of a wellknown shrub.
tJR'REN-CY, n.
1. State of being
current :' circulation
2. Current
value. 3. That which is in circukv
Greece.]

1.

money.
tiR'RENT, a.
tion

to run.]

1.

[Lat. currere, currens^

or moving rap-

Running

,&,hard; As; EIST;

tj

as

ng; this.

CURRENTLY
2. Now passing or present. 3.
Generally received
common.
n.
A stream. 2. General course;
ordinary procedure.
Cur'rent-ly, adv. In a current

1.

manner; commonly
tion

General recep-

ii.

Gr'ri-CLE
i

[Lat. curriculum, fr.

n.
,
chaise drawn by
currere, to run.]

and
CUR'RISH, a.

One who

curries,
leather.

colors tanned
[See Cur.] Like a cur

[Lat. curvare , curto

curve.]

vatus,

Cure,

[Lat. curvus, allied to Gr.

a.

gles

Bent without an-

curved.

COrve,

n.

1.

corroyer, from Lat. corium, leather.]

To dress by a particular process,
2. To comb or rub the
as leather.
n. [Per.
said ot a horse.
skin of;
1. A
kkiirdi, broth, juicy meats.]
kind of sauce. 2. A stew of fowl,

mow and

reap. 3. To carve.
4. To
intersect; to cross.
v. i. 1. To serve
in dividing.
2. To admit of incision
or severance.
n. 1. A cleft a gash.
2. An injury or wound.
3. That

which wounds the

feelings.

4.

notch or channel made by cutting.

A portion cut off. 6. An engraved
block, or an impression from it.
7.
Shape style fashion.

5.

a flex-

1.

bending /"
;

Curve>
line of which
ure. 2.
no three consecutive points are in
[-ED
the same direction.
v. t.
-ING.] To bend to crook to inflect.
eUR'VET, n.
[Fr. courbette.
See
CURVE.] 1. Leap of a horse, in
which all his legs are in the air at
once.
2. A prank; a frolic.
v.i.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To make a curvet.
2. To leap and frisk.
UR/vi-LlN'E-AL, \ a. [N. Lat. curva,
ur'vi-lin'e-ar, j
a curve, and
Lat. linea, line.]
Consisting of, or
;

snarling; quarrelsome.

0r'rish-ly, adv. Like a cur.

CUr'rish-ness, n. Churlishness.
ur'ry,^. t. [-ED -ING, 142.] [Fr.

u-ta'ne-60s,
Belonging

Cute,
er

[Lat. cutis, skin.

sharp.

Cu'ti-cle,
cutis,

a.

or affecting, the skin.

[An abbrev. of acute.] Clev-

a.

keen

to,

n.
skin.]

dermis,

[Lat. cuticula, dim. of

The outer skin epi;

[cuticle.

u-Tfe'u-LAR, a. Pertaining to the

Cu'tis, n. [Lat.] A dense membrane,
next below the cuticle.
Cut'LASS, n.
[L. Lat. cultellacius,
augm. of Lat. cultellus, dim. of culler,
knife.]

broad, curving sword.

[Lat. cultellus, dim. of
A dealer in cutlery.
1. Business of a cutCutting instruments in gen-

CDt'ler,

n.

bounded by, curved lines.

culter, knife.]
instru- 0r'vi-ty, n. State of being curved. Cut'ler-y, n.

&c._

fish,

\a.
J

CYCLE

Bent in a regular form curved.

ur-va'tion, n. Act of bending.
-efJR'VA-TURE (53), n.
Continual
bending of a line or surface.

without angles

two horses.
UR'RI-ER, n.
dresses,

Cur'vate,
COr'va-ted,

KvpTos, curved.]

currency.

102

idly.

ur'rent-ness,

(-kom), n. An
ush'at (kobsh'at), n. [A.-S. cusceler.
2.
cleaning horses.
ote.] The l'ing-dove, or wood-pigeon.
eral.
\imp. & p. p. CURSED
t.
[Fr. cot/s- -COt'eet, m.
[Fr. cotelette, little rib,
or CURST.] [A.-S. cursian, prob. at Cush'ion (kdbsh'un), n.
sin, Ger. kussen.]
1. A stuffed case
dim. of cote, rib.]
first to imprecate evil in the name of
A piece of meat,
to sit upon.
2. Any stuffed or padcut for broiling.
the cross.] 1. To utter a wish of evil
ded surface.
[-ED; -ING.] Cut'pOrse, n. One who cuts purses
v. t.
against; to execrate.
2. To vex,
To furnish with cushions.
for the sake of stealing their con
harass, or torment.
v. i.
To use
[Lat. cuspis, point.]
tents.
Hence, a pickpocket.
profane language; to swear.
n. Cusp, n.
J. A
projecting point in arches, panels, CtJT'TER, n. 1.
Wish of evil malediction impreca&c. 2. Point or horn of the crescent.
One who cuts.
execration.
tion
A vessel
2.
urs'ed (60), a. 1. Blasted by a COsp'i-dal, a. Ending in a point.
CDsp'i-date,
[a. Having a sharp
rigged
nearly
curse. 2. Deserving a curse.
Syn. Execrable hateful detestable. Cusp'i-da'ted, )
like a sloop.
end.
urs'ed-ly, adv. Miserably; enor- Cus'tard, n. [0. Fr.] A dish com- CDt'-throat,
mously; detestably.
posed of milk and eggs.
n.
A murderCUrs'er, n. One who utters a curse. COs'TARD-AP'PLE, n. A plant grower
an assasCUR'SIVE, a. [L. Lat. cursivus, from
ing in the West Indies, and its yelsin
a ruffian.
cursare, to run hither and thither.]
lowish pulpy fruit.
Cut'ting, n. 1.
Running; rapid; flowing.
Cutter,
us-to'di-an, n.
Act of one who
[Lat. custos, a
UR'so-Rl-LY, adv.
In a cursory
cuts.
2. Something cut, cut off, or
guard.] One who has custody of
manner superficially.
[attention.
cut out.
some public building
a superinfJR'so-Rl-NESs, n.
Hasty view or
Cut'tle,
tendent.
)n. [A.<3UR'so-RY, a.
[Lat. cursorius, from us'to-dy, n. 1. A keeping or guard- CUT'TLE-FISH, J S. cudcurrere, cursum, to run.]
Characterele, Ger. kuttel-fisch ; fr.
ing. 2. Confinement; imprisonment.
ized by haste hastily or superficially Gus'TOM, n.
[L. Lat. costuma, from
Ger. kottel, kbtel, dirt
performed superficial careless.
from the guts.] A molLat. consuetudo, or from a later secCurst, imp. & p. p. of Curse.
luscous animal, which,
ondary form consuetumen, custom.]
urt, a. [Lat. curtus.] Short conwhen pursued, throws
1. Habitual or long-established praccise ;_abrupt ; crusty.
out a blackish liquor to
tice.
2. Business support
patronUR-TAIL', V. (.[-ED -ING.] [0. Fr.
conceal itself.
age. 3. Customary toll or tax.
4.
Cuttle-fish.
curt, short, and tailler, to cut.] To
COt'-wa/ter, n. Fore
pi. Duties on commodities.
cut short to abridge to diminish.
,,
part of a ship's prow.
0s'TOM-A-BLE, a.
1.
Common
j|UR'TAiN (kuVtin, 42), n. [Lat. c.orAny caterhabitual. 2. Subject to the payment Cut'-worm (-wGrm),.
tina, kettle, circle, circle of a theapillar which eats young plants.
of duties.
ter.]
1. A movable cloth screen or 0s'TOM-A-Rl-LY, adv.
Habitually. Cy'a-nide, n. A basic compound of
covering. 2. Part of the rampart Ct)s'TOM-A-RY, a. According to cuscyanogen with some other element or
and parapet between the flanks of
compound.
tom conventional.
two bastions.
v.t.
[-ed -ing.] f}US'TOM-ER, n. One who frequents Cy-an'o-GEN, n. [Gr. Kvavos, dark
To inclose as with curtains.
blue, and root of yevvdav. to beget.]
any place for buying what he wants
GUR'TI-LAGE (45), n. [L. Lat. curtia purchaser.
A gas composed of one equivalent of
lagium ; cortile, curtile, court, court- -eOs'TOM-HOUSE, n.
nitrogen and two of carbon.
The building
yard.]
A yard or piece of ground
where customs and duties are paid, Cy'a-nom'e-ter, n.
[Gr. Kvavog,
pertaining to a dwelling-house, and
and where vessels are entered or
dark blue, and /merpov, measure.] An
included within the same fence.
instrument for estimating degrees of
cleared.
urt'ly, adv. Briefly; abruptly.
blueness, as of the sky.
Cut, v. t. {imp. & p. p. cut.] [Norm.
u>RULE, a. [Lat. curulis, fr. currus,
Fr. cotu, cut. Cf. W. cwtau, to cur- Cy'CLE. n. [Gr kvkAos, ring or circle.]
a chariot.] (Rom. Antiq.) Belongtail.]
1. An imaginary circle in the heav1. To separate the parts of
ing to a chariot
applied to a kind
with a sharp instrument to divide
ens. 2. An interval of time marked
of chair.
to sever.
2. To hew, as wood
or
by the recurrence of certain events.

CUR'RY-COMB
ment for
CURSE, V.

i, E,

I,

5, V, Y,lotlg;

&.,f,6,U, Y,

short;

CARE FAR, ASK ALL, WHAT ERE, VglL, TJERM; PIQUE, FIRM

SON,

CYCLIC
Cy'LI,
y'LI-al,
C/Y'LOlD,

tion
tion

[From

n.

the circle

is

straight line.

Cv-LO[d'al,

QYL'IN-DROID, n.
cylinder, and eLSos,

[cloid.

n.

and p.eYpov, measure.]

measuring circles.
(!y'LONE, n.
[Gr. kvkAo?,

I^DIE,

lY/CLO-PE'DI-A,
Iy'CLO-p.e'di-a,

circle, and Tratup of a child, edu-

cation, erudition, from -rrai-Seveiv, to

bring up a child, fr. 7rat?, child.] The
circle of the arts and sciences. Hence,
a dictionary of arts and
sciences.

misanthrope.
Qyn'i-ci'sm, n.
of a cynic.

QYN'O-SURE

[Gr. kvAivfipo?, fr /cyAiVSeiv, kv\Cei.v, to roll.]

A body of
which the longitudinal sec-

[Lat. cygnus,

swan.]

bage.]

[Gr. ku'kAos,

/!.

n.

young sprout

Seta, the bringing

4$f

[Gr. KVfia,
of a cabflat-topped or
Cymbals.
convex flower-cluster.
Qy'MOSE, )a. Containin] a cym<
Cy'mous, ) in the form of a cyme.
QYN'ie,
) a. [Gr. kvvikos, dog-like.]
captious
(,'YN're-AL, )
1. Snarling
surly; currish. 2. Belonging to the
sect of philosophers called Cynics.
Cyn'I, n. 1. One of.the sect of an2. A snarler
cient philosophers.
a

circle.]

Cyclops ;_huge; gigantic; massive.

kukvos,

body resembling a right cylinder.

(,'VM'BAL, n. [Gr. KvixfiaXov; KVfj.fios,
Art of
any thing hollow.] A
musical instrument.

A rotatory storm or whirlwind.

(^Y'CLO-PE'AN, a. Pertaining to the

Gr.

KuAii/Spos,
solid
form.]

[Gr. kvkAos, cir-

cle,

young swan.
CfL'IN-DER,

[Gr.

Pertaining to a cy-

a.

y-Lom'e-try,

C/YG'XET.ii.

circular.

is

along a

rolled

oblong, and the cross sec-

is

a.
Having the
(^v-lin'dric,
form of a cylinV'Y-LIN'DRI-AL, )
der, or partaking of its properties.

Gr.Kv'/cAos, circle,

and elSos, form.] A curve generated

by a point in the plane of a circle,

when

DAM

103

Pertaining to a cycle nioTing in cycles.

a.

Practice or principles

(sTn'o-shur

or sl'no[Gr. Kvvoaovpd, fr. kvcuv,

kvvos, dog, and ovpd, tail.] 1. Constellation of the Lesser Bear, which

v.

shijr), n.

Cylinder

contains the polar star. 2.

of attraction.
Qy'pher. n. See Cipher.

Qy'PRESS,

centei

[Gr. Kvndpicro-os.]

n.

coniferous tree, generally evergreen.

It is an emblem of mourning.
Qyp'ri-an, n. 1. A native of Cyprus.
2.

A lewd woman.

a. 1.

Belonging

to Cyprus. 2. Pertaining to lewdness

[Gr. /Ojp.oAoyiKOs;
Ao-yos. discourse.]
Pertaining to capital letters.
Qyst, ii. [Gr. /CUO-TC5, from Kveiv, to
hold.]
A pouch or sac without
opening, containing morbid matter.
Cyst'I, a. Pertaining to, or contained in, a cyst.
ys'to-cele, n.
[Gr. kuVtis, bag,

^YR'I-O-LOG'K^a.
Kvpios, chief, and

and

tumor.]. Hernia of the

icr)\.y],
urinary bladder.

Qys-t6t'o-my, n.
der, and Tep-veiv,

[Gr. Kvcrrts, bladto cut.] Act or

practice of opening cysts.
Czar (zar), n. [0. Pol., fr. Lat. Caesar.]
Title of the emperor of Russia.
Cza-ri'nA (za-re'na), n.
Title of the
empress of Russia.
Czar'o-witz (zar'o-wits), n. [Russ.
tsarewitck.]
Title of the eldest son
of the czar of Russia.

D.
&

D(de).

Da'DO,

Dab,

column.
D.Xf'FO-djl,

is the fourth letter, and the

third consonant of the alphabet.
See Prin. of Pron. 70.

v.

[-bed; -bing,136.]

t.

n.
[It.
Sp.] Square part
in the middle of the pedestal of a

n.
[Fr. d'asphodele, Gr.
a flowering plant.]
A
plant with beautiful yellow flowers
Daft (6), a. Delirious insane; cra-

[Cf.

dap, dip, tap, tip.] To strike gently,

as with the hand or with a soft substance.
n. 1. A gentle blow.
2. A
small lump of any thiug soft. 3. An
expert. 4. A small flat fish.
Dab'ble, v. t. [-ed; -IN&.] [Dim.
of dab.]
To wet by little dips or
strokes.
v. i. 1. To play in water. 2.
To touch here and there to tamper.
Dab'BLER, n. 1. Oue who dabbles.

do-<6<5eAos,

2.

superficial medd;er.

Dab'ster,

n.

Da capo
DACE,

n.

Dactyl,

[uess.

master of his busi(Mus.)

[It.]

(da-ka'po).
A direction to return
with, the first strain.

and end

to,

Pertaining

(123), a.

to,

or consisting of, dactyls.

n.
line chiefly or wholly of dactyls.

One who

and

OR, do,

Da-guerre'o-type

taste.

2.

Elegant in form, manner,

or breeding.

3.

Hard

tidious.
n That
delicate, or nice.

to please

fas-

which is delicious

Syn.
Delicacy.
A delicacy
nice article of any kind: a dainty
exquisite article of cookery.

is

is

an

(-sjer'o-tTp),

v.

Dai'ry

(da'ry, 89), n.
[From a supposed 0. Eng. day or dty, milk.]
Place where milk is kept, and made
into butter or cheese.
Da'is, n. [Gr. Slo-kos, quoit, It. de.sco,
Ger. tisch, a table.] 1. A raised floor
at the upper end of the dining-hall.
2. A seat with a high wainscot back,
for the use of those who sat at the
high table.
DAI'Y, n.
[A.-S. dseges-eage, day's
eye, daisy.]
A well-known plant.

[From Daguerre, the discoverer.] 1. DALE, n. [Goth, dal, Icel. dalr, dala.\
of taking pictures by phoA vale or valley.
tography, on plates. of silvered cop- Dal'li-ance, n.
Act of dallying;
per.

v.

The picture thus produced.

interchange of caresses.
1. To represent by photo- DXL'LI-ER, n.
One who dallies.
2. To impress with great Dai/ly, v. i.
[-ED -ING, 142.] [Icel.

2.
t.

[Gr. SciktvAo?,
discourse.]

Dahl'IA

distinctness.
(dal'ya or dal'ya), n.
Bahl, a Swedish botanist.]
of beautiful flowering plants.

thylia, to talk, A.-S. dol, foolish.]

[From
genus

1.

To waste time in trifles to delay.

2. To use fondling or wantonness
to
;

sport.

Happening or belonging to Dam, n. [See Dame.] 1. A female

adv.
parent;
Every
used of beasts.
2. [Icel.
a word used
day.
n.
Father
dammr.] A bank of earth, or any
Dain'ti-ly, adv. Fastidiously nicely.
by little children.
wall to obstruct the flow of water.

and motions of

fingers.

Dad,
Dad^dy,

graphs.

and Ao-yos,
A
method of communication by certain
positions

writes dac-

tylic verse.

Dac'TYL-ol'O-Gy, n
finger,

n.
[D. dagge, a dagger, W.
dager, dagr.]
1. A short sword
a
poinard. 2. (Print.) A mark of re ference in the form of a dagger
To stab.
v. t.
[thus,t].
IDag'gle, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
trail so as to wet or befoul.
Dag'gle-tail, n. A filthy person.
Dag'Jeock, n. [0. Eng. dag, dew,
and lock.] A dirty lock of wool.
Da-guer're-an (-ger'T-an), a. PerDa-GUERRE'J-an
taining to Daguerre, or to his invention of the daguerreotype.

worthy,

a. [Prob. from Lat. digitus,

suitable.] 1 Delicious to the

A method

two unaccented.

n.

Dag'GER,

State or quality of

being dainty.

[Gr. Sa/crvAos. prop, a

finger.]
A poetical foot of three syllables, one long, followed by two
short, or one acceuted followed by-

Bac'tyl-ist,

zy ;_foolish.

small river fish.

n.

Da-tyl'I

Dain'ti-ness, n.

Dain'ty,

the

hand DAI'LY,

wolf, TOOjTcTbE.;

a.

each successive day.

fjRN,

RUE, PULL

E, J5 O,

silent

9, G, soft;

,H,hard; A; EIST; jfasKG; THIS.

DAMAGE

DATELESS

104

[Fr. dent de lion, Dark'ness, n.

[-MED;-MING.] 1. To obstruct DAN'DE-LI'ON, n.
1. Absence of light.
the flow of, by a dam. 2. To confine.
lion's tooth, from the size and form
2. Privacy
secrecy.
3. A state oi
damplant,
with large
DAm'age, n. [0. Fr., from Lat.
of its leaves.] A
ignorance or error wickedness.
yellow flowers.
num, damage.] 1. An}' permanent
Syn. Dimness obscurity
gloom.
DarkiHjfs arises from a total, and diminjury or harm. 2. pi. Compensation Dan'der,h. [Corrupted fr. dandruff.]
ness from a partial want of light. A
v. t.
2. Anger or
for a wrong or injury done.
1. Dandruff or scurf.
thing is obi-cure when so overclouded or
[-ed -ing.] To hurt to injure.
vexatiou.
[Low.]
covered as not to be easily perceived. As
DAM'AGE-A-BLE,a. Capable of being Dan'DI-PRAT, n. [From dandy and
the shade or obscurity increases, it deepens
into gloom. When taken figurativefellow
brat,
child.]
A
little
a
child.
damaged^
ly, these voids have a like use. as, the
Dam'as-CENE, n. [From Damascus, Daiv'dle, v.t. [-ed;-ing.] [Ger.
darkness of ignorance; dimness of distand,
tdndeln,
trifle,
prattle.]
fr.
1.
a city celebrated for its plums.J A
cernment: obscurity of reasoning; gloom
To caress to fondle. 2. To treat as
damson.
of superstition.
[dren. Dark/some (-sum), a. Dark; gloomy.
a child to pet.
Dam'ASK, a. 1. Pertaining to, or resembling the products of, Damascus. Dan'dler, n. One who dandles chil- DAR'LING, n. [A.-S. deorling; deore,
[Of.
A.-S. tun, a
dear.] One dearly beloved a favor2. Having the color of the damask- Dan'druff, n.
A scurf on
ite.
a.
rose.
tetter, and diof, dirty.]
Dearly beloved; favorite.
n.
1. A kind of stuff with
[a coxcomb.
Darn, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Cf. A.-S.
raised figures woven in the loom. 2.
the head.
diarnan. dyrnan, to hide.] To mend,
Linen woven in imitation of damask Dan'dy,. [Allied to dandle.] A fop;
as a rent, with yarn or thread.
silk.
Manners and characv. t. [-ED -ING.] To decorate Dan'dy-Ism, n.
n.
with ornamental figures by weaving,
A place mended by darning.
ter of a dandy.
etching, or inlawing.
Dan'GER, n. [L. Lat. dangerium fr. DAR'NEL,i. A plant; rje-grass.
Dam'ask-en, ( v. t. [See DamasLat. damnum, damage.]
Exposure Dart, n. [A.-S. deradh, Icel. darcene.] To damDam'ask-een',
radhr, 0. II. Ger. tart, javelin, dart.]
to injury, loss, pain, or other evil.

v.t.

ask.

Dam'ask-in, n. A kind of saber

so called from Damascus.
Dame, n.
[Lat. domina, mistress,
lady, fr. domus, house.] 1. A lady.
;

Mistress of a family or of a school.

2.

Damn (dam), v. t. [damned; p.

DAMNING (dam'ing or dam'ning,
[Lat.

81).]

damage,

damnare, fr. damnum,

1. To condemn
to
To condemn to pun-

fine.]

sentence.

2.

ishment

in the future world.

Dam'na-ble, a. Worthy of, or liable
to, damnation.
DXm'na-bly, adv. So as to incur or

deserve damnation.

Dam-na'tion,

Condemnation

v.

to

everlasting puuishmeut.

Dam'na-to-ry,

to

damnation.

amn.ed (damd
dam'ned), p.

in serious discourse,

Sentenced to

1.

a.

punishment in a future
Hateful

Damp,

a.

state.

2.

[-ER; -est.]

Moderately

wet moist.
n. [Icel. dampi, Ger.
damp/, steam, vapor, smoke.] 1.
2. Dejection; disMoisture; fog.
[-ED -ING.]
couragement.
v. t.

1.

to

pointed, missile Yieapon,

To moisten. 2. To reuder
deject.
3. To discourage.

chilly

Damp'en, v. t. or i. [ED; -ing.]

To make or become damp.
Damp'ER, n. That which damps or

to

be

thrown by the hai.d.

v. t.
[-ED
-ING.] 1. To throw with a sudden
effort
to hurl.
2. To emit
to
shoot.
v. i.
1. To be let fly or
uncertain danger, often incurred volunlaunched, as a dart. 2. To start and
tarily, as, to risk an engagement. Jeoprun swiftly.
ardy is extreme danger.
Dart'er, n. 1. One who throws a
Dan'uer-OUS, a. 1. Attended with
dart.
2. A bird of the pelican fan.idanger perilous unsafe. 2. Causily
so called frcm the way it darts
out its long neck at its prey.
ing danger.
Dan'ger- ous-LY, adv. In a danger- Dash, v. t. [-ED -ing.] [Icel. das[exposed to evil.
ous manner.
ka, to beat, strike.]
1. To throw
Dan'ger-oDs-NESS, n. State of being
with violence or haste. 2. To break,
Dais'gle, v. i.
[Icel. dingla.]
To
as by throwing.
3. To touch heie
hang loosely, or with a waving moand there.
4. To form or sketch
tion.
v.i.
rapidly.
To rush with vioDAN'GLER,n. One who hangs about
lence to come into collision.
n. 1
[moist; humid.
or follows others.
Collision; crash. 2. Admixtme, inDANK, a. [Allied to damp.] Damp;
fusion, or adulteration. 3. Capacity
Daph'NE (daf'ne), n. [Gr. SdQvy.]
for quick, bold movements against an
The laurel, a genus of diminutive
ei emy.
4. A vain show parade. 6.
;

floweriug shrubs.

DAP'PER,

detestable.

hazard; risk; jeopardy.

is instant or

generic; peril

impending danger, as, in peril of one's

Hazard arises from something forlife.
tuitous or beyond our control, as, the
hazard of the seas. Risk is doubtful or

Condemning

a.

Syn. Peril;

Danger is

[D. dapher, brave, vala.

iant, Ger. tapfer.] Little and active ;
lively ; spruce
smart.
Dap'ple, a. [Perh. fr. apple.] Spot;

ted

To

variegated.
r. t. [-ED -ING.]
variegate with spots to spot.
;

DARE,

v.

[A.-S.

[imp.

i.

dearr,

&

p. p.

DURST.]

Goth, dars, daursun,

darusta, allied to Gr. Oapcrelv, 6ap-

A mark or line [thus

or printing.

],

in writing

Dash'-BoArd,

board on the
n.
fore part of a vehicle, to intercept

water,

mud,

Da'sh'er, v.
2.

or snow.
1.

That which dashes.

dash-board.

Das'tard,

n.

[From dastriged.

p. p.

of A.-S. dasirigan, to frighten.] An

a poltroon.
a.
arrant coward;
Meanly shrinking from danger cow-

To have sufficient courage; to

[-ED; -ING.]
venture. r. t.
1.
ardly.
To venture to do. 2. To challenge
Das'tard-ize, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
checks as a valve in the flue of a
to defy.
[some fellow.
stove, to regulate the draught.
To make a dastard of.
Damp'ness, n. Moderate humidity; Dare'-dev'/L; n. A rash, venture- Das'TARD-LY, a. Meanly timid cowpelv.]

DARK,

moisture.

Dam'sjel, n.
inice.Ua.

domA young un-

[L. Lat. domicalla,

See

DAME.]

married woman.

DXM'goN

damascene.]

Dance,

v.

[Con tr. from

small black plum.

(dani/zn), n.
i.

[-ed; -ing.]

[0. II.
fr. dinsan, to

Ger. dansZn, to draw,

draw.] 1. To move with measured
steps to a musical accompaniment.
2. To caper;
to frisk.
v. t.
To
cause to dance.
n.
1. Movements
regulated by art, and the sound of
instruments. 2. A tune for dancing.
DAn'cer, n. One who dances.

A, E,

I,

0,U, \,long;

-EST.] [A.-S. deurc,

Destitute of light
obscure. 2. Obscure mysterious. 3.
Unrefined ignorant. 4. Vile wicked.
n.
1. Absence of light
oba.

deorc]

[-ER

1.

Ignorance secrecy.
Dark'jbn, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
make dark or black. 2. To render
dim. 3. To render less intelligible.
v. i.
To grow dark or darker.
DARic'isH,a. Somewhat dark dusky.
Dark'ling, a. In the dark, or without light.
scurity.

2.

Dark'ly, adv. With imperfect

obscurely

,I, 6,U, Y, short;

dimly

blindly.

light

ardly

sneaking.

Da'ta,

[Lat.,neut. pi. of dan. pi.

tum, given.] See DATUM.
Date, n. [Lat., datus, given.] 1,
Specification of the time when a writing, inscription, &c, was given or
executed. 2. Precise period or time.
3. [Gr. 86lktv\os, a finger, a date, fr.
the fancied resemblance of this fruit
Fruit of the dateto the finger.]

palm. v.

[-ED -ING.] To note

i.
1. To have beTo have a date.
Date'less, a. Without date; having
no fixed term.
the time
ginning.

t.

of.

v.

2.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TlEM; PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

DATE-PALM
D.YTE'-

1D

AL?.I(pam)

genu?

palms

of

Day'-time

and

j The
which

Date'- tree,

Goth, dails.] 1. A part or portion.

also, the
Distribution of cards
portion distributed. 3. A pine or fir
4. Wood of the
board or plank.
pine or fir.

Time between sunrise

n.

2.

sunsetting.

DAZE,

v.

be

[0. D. daesen, to

t.

fool-

dicmsig,
ish, insane, A.-S.
To dazzle hence,
stupid, foolish.]
bewilder.
to
to confuse
Daz'zle, t-. t. [-ed -ixg] [Dim.
1. To overpower with
of daze.]
2.
To surprise with any
light.
dwses,

bear dates.

Da'TIVE.

n. [Lat. dativus,
dare, to give.] The
case of a noun which expresses the remoter oba. Pertaining to
ject.
Date-tree
the case named dative._

fr.

ba'ta.

pi.

Ji.:

brilliancy or display.
[Gr. StaKovo?, a
(de'kn), n.

Dea'COX

n.

A picture

Daub'er-y.

Dea'cox-ry,

coarsely executed.

One who daubs

r.

coarse painter.

De a'C o x-ship

Dead,

n.

daubing

imposi-

Daugh'ter-ly
ins a daughter

[-ed: -ixg.]
[Lat.
v. t.
domiiare. intens. form of domare, to
tame.] To repress the courage of.
Syx. -Todismav: appall: intimidate.
D'avxt'eess, a. "Bold: fearless.

[Fr.

n.

completely:

costly.

To the last degree;)

The
n.
1.
wholly.

To make vapid.

3.

Dead'-HEAD,

4.

free

[main strength.
made with

gfcc.

Dead'-lift.

lift
n.
(lit), n.
strong shutter, for

Dead'-lIght

of being deadly
destructiveness.
ity

a.

Capa

1.

Dead-light.

ble of causing death

mortal

fatal.

2.

perately hostile.

Implacable desadv. 1. So as to
2. So as to occa-

resemble death.

[a funeral.

or oppressive burden.
(def or d:-f), a.

2. First

specified time.

4.

iu

DEAF'EX
2.

their order.
n.

First appearance of

light in the morning.

Day'-dream.

n.

as a floor.

n.

OR, do,

n.

and hope.

Death'ly,

Bed on which a

n.

[or extinction.
a.

a.

Not subject

to death
Resembling death or

a dead body.

An image repn.
resenting the head of a human skeleton.
Death's'MAN. n. An executioner.
An order
Death'-war/RAXT. n.
from the proper authority for the
execution of a criminal.
DEath'-watch, n. A small beetle,
whose ticking noise (the call of the
male for its mate), has been thought
to forebode death.

Death's'-head,

entrance, as

of the sense of hearing.

ingness to hear.

fancy or

Beginning of the

The morning

star.

WOLF, TOO, TOOli; URN, RIJE,

2.

Unwill-

[-red: -rixg, 136.]

To cut off from
by a bar to exclude;

bar.]

if

[uyip.
v. t.
p. p. dealt.]
[A.-S. da'lan, Goth, dailjan.] To dito distribute.
v. i.
1. To
make distribution. 2. To trade; to
carry on business.
3. To act
to
manage: to treat.
n.
[A.-S. dxl,

vide

PIJLL

E,

I,

O, silent;

disembark.

[barking.

Debar-ka'tion,

&

Deal.

the dawn.

Day'-star,

vain

Day'-la BOR, n. Labor bv the day.

Day'light (-lit), n. Light of day".
DAYS/MAN (150), n. An umpire.
day

Deaf'-MFTE (def'mut or dSPmut), n.

to deny
One who is deaf and dumb.
De-bark', v. t. [Fr. debarqi/er. from
Deaf'xess (def- ord?.?-), n. 1. Want
To" land to
barque. See BARK.]

speculation

Day'sprixg.

affection

Death'-bed,

(def'n or dl-'fh), v. t. [-ED

1. To make deaf; to stun.
De bar', v. t.
To render impervious to sound,
[From de and
:

sterility.

-IXG.]

which are

recorded the accounts of the day, in

Day'-break.

[A.-S. deaf,

Goth, daubs ] 1. Wanting the sense

of hearing either wholly or in part.
2. Unwilling to hear or listen.

Victory.

A book

n.

Deaf

Solemn music at
person dies.
State of being dead
DEath'less,
:

Want

2.

Poverty

which
need

[A.-S. deadk.

n.

Period of the earth's revolution on

its axis,
divided into 24 hours. 3.

four-

See Dead
and Die.] 1. Cessation or extinction
of bodily life. 2. Total loss. 3. Manner of d ung. 4. Cause or instrument of loss of life. 5. A skeleton.
6. Danger of death.
Decease demise departure
Svx.
release. Death applies to every form
of existence; the other words only to the
human race. Decease is the term used
in law for the removal of a human being
out of life; demise was formerly confined
to the decease of princes, but is now
sometimes used of distinguished men,
as, the demise of Mr. Pitt: departure and
release are peculiarly terms of Christian

Death,

n.

dear.
3.

Scarcity

1.

a cabin window.

Dead'li-xess, v Qual

Dead'ly.

(14), n.

renders
famine.

receives

To waste time in trifling DEAD'N'ESS, n.

employment.
v. t.
To waste by
languor coldness.
dullness
trifling.
Dead '-reck- ox-ixg, n. Method of
Dawdler, . One who dawdles.
determining the place of a ship withDAWN, v. i. i-ED -IXG.] [X-S.dagiout the aid of celestial observations.
an, from dsg, day ] 1. To begin to Dead'-wa/ter, v.
The eddy that
grow light. 2. To begin to open and
closes behind a ship as she passes on.
give promise.
1. Break of day.
n.
Dead'-\veight (ded'wat), n. Aheavy
opening or expansion.
[A.-S. dazg, Goth. dags. Skr.
dyu, from dt/u, dlv, to shine.] 1.
Period from sunrise to sunset. 2.

A light

(-burn), n.

tickets for theaters, public con-

veyances,
j

DAY'-BOOK,

Dear'borx

Dearth

To deprive of

One who

b.

Daw. /?. A kind of crow a jackdaw.

sion death.
Daw'dle, r. i. [-ed: -ixg.] [Allied Dead'-march,

n.

[a dear rate.
wheeled carriage.
Dear'ly, adv. In a dear manner at
Dear'xess, n. State of being dear.

2. pi.

brilliancy.

Davits.

Day.

1.

Scarce

2.

[-ed; -IXG.] 1. To
f. !.
impair in vigor, &c. 2. To retard.

to dandle.]

[A.-S. deore,

Bearing a high price

and of high price.
n.
precious.
esteemed
Much
3.
One dearly beloved a darling.

deor, dior.]

Deac'ex,

Yyy

monotonous

most quiet or death-like time.

Those who are dead.

dauphin, a dol-

a name given, from some

phin,
reason unexplained, to Guigo, count
of Yienue. in thel2rh century.] Eldest son of the king of France
Dau'phix-ess.
n
Wife of thed in phin.
Dav'it, or Da'vit,
One of two
h.
pieces of timber or
iron projecting over
side
a ship's
or
stern to r;dse a boat

dull

Inactive

filial.

Daunt,

Dau'phix.

unprofitable
adv.
fixed.

3.

[-ER;-EST.]

DEAR,fi.

Resembling

2.
animate; lifeless.
death in any respect.

Becom-

(daw/-), a.

[n. Office or ministry

of a deacon.

a.

Daugh'ter

[A.-S
(daw'ter, 75), .
dohtor, dohter, Gr. Gvya-rqp, Skr.
di'hitri.] A female child or descendant.
[of one's son.
Daughter-in-law (daw'-), n. wife

[A.-S. dead, Goth, davths.]

in1. Deprived or destitute of life

[tion.

deals.

[From Lat. decanus, chief

of ten, from decern, ten.] 1. An ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to
a bishop. 2. An officer in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,
Eng. 3. Head of the faculty in some
English universities. 4. A secretary
of the faculty in a department of a
[Amer.]
college.
Office, residence, or
Deax'er-y, n.
jurisdiction of a dean.
DEan'ship, n. Office of a dean.

servant.]
A subordinate officer iu
Something given or admitted.
Christian churches.
Daub. v. t. [-ed -ixg.] [W. dwbiaiv.]
1. To smear with soft, adhesive mat- Dea' ox-ess (dS'kn-es), n. A female
deacon in the primitive church.
ter.
2. To paint in a coarse manner.

Daub'er,

One who

n.

DEAN, n.

[Lat.]

Deal'er,

DX' Ti'M.

DEBASEMENT

105

C,G,

De-base'. r. t.
de and base.]

Act of disem[-ED; -ING.] [From

To reduce from a
n.

higher to a lower state.

Syn. To abase; degrade: lower.
n.
Act of debasing-,
state of being debased
degradation-

De-base '.ME nt,

so/; C, G, hard;

AR

EXJST

XaSXG,

THIS,

DEBASE
bated

de-

Contention in words
or arguments.
v.t. [-ed -ing.]
[See Beat and Abate.] To contend
for in words or arguments.
v. i.
n.

To dispute
De-bat'er,

to deliberate.

n.
Oue who debates.
v. t. [-ED ; -ING.] [Fr.
dcbaucher, orig. to entice away from
the workshop.] To corrupt ; to lead
astray; to seduce.
n.
1. Intem-

j)E-BAUCH',

perance gluttony
of debauchery.

lewdness. 2. Act

Deb'au-chee'

(deb'o-sho'), n.

sen-

dulgence of the appetites intemperance sensuality.

[ing.
De-bauch'ivient, n. Act of debauch;

[Lat. debentur,
pers. pi. pres. pass, of debere', to
(53), n.

owe.] 1. A writing acknowledging a

debt. 2. Certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a draw-

back.

Bonds and

3.

money

securities for

loans.

De-bil'i-tate,

v.

t.

[-ed; -ing.]

[Lat. debilitare, debilitatum, fr. debilis, feeble.]

To make feeble, faint,
,

or languid.

De-bIl'i-t y

weak

or

State of being feeble

n.
languor.

Infirmity

imbecility.
An
infirmity belongs, for tbe most part, to
individual members, and is often temporary's of the eyes, &c; debility is
more general, and prevents, while it
lasts, the ordinary functions of nature:
imbecility attaches to the whole frame,
and renders it more or less powerless.
These words, in their figurative uses,
have the same distinctions; we speak of
infirmity of will, debility of intellect, and
an imbecility which affects the whole

Syn.

man.
Deb'it,

[-edging]

1.

To charge

with debt. 2.%o enter on the debtor

side of a book.

DEB'O-NAIR',

a.

de, of, bon, good,

ousness

(-log), n.

[Gr. Se/caAoyos, from Sena, ten, and Aoyos,

speech.] The ten commandments.
DE-AM'E-RON, n. [Gr.6Vca, ten, and
/uepos, part.]
A work in ten books.
De-camp', f. j. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr.

decamper, from camp, a camp.]

To
move away from a camp to depart
suddenly.
De-camp'ment. n. Departure from
a camp a marching off.
;

De-ANT',

[-ed;-ing.]
v. t.
[Fr.
decanter, prop, to pour off from the
edge of a vessel, from de and 0. Fr.
cant, edge.] To pour off gently, as

liquor from

De'can-ta'tion,
off

n.

[cant liquors.

n.

DE-AP'I-TATE,r.

used to de[-ED -ING.]

vessel
t.

[L. Lat. decapitare, decapitation fr.

Lat. de and caput, head.] To cut off
the head oj; to) behead.
[ing.
De-cap'1-T A'TION ,n. Act of beheadDE'a-pod, n. VTGr. Sena, ten, and
,

A crustacean
7ro86s, foot.]
with ten feet or legs^as the crab.
De-car/bon-i-za'tionTtt.
Process
of depriving^ a substance of carbon.
De-car'bon-ize, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
To deprive of carbon.

air, air, look,

ley, river,

&c.
n.

[Fr., fr. briser,

break.]
1.
Fragments from a
rock or mountain, piled up at the
base. 2. Rubbish
remains.
to

[0. Fr. debte, fr. Lat.

(det), n.

debita,y\. of debitum.
See Debit.]
1. Due
obligation
liability.
2.
fault
a crime a trespass.

Bebt'or

(det'or), n.

One who owes

another money, goods, or services.

(da-bu' or da-bu/), n.
[Fr.,
or throw at play.] A

first cast

n.

and

ten,

fie'/ca,

tri.-kish.

[ful

manner

De-ceit'ful-ly, adv.
De-^eit'ful-ness, n.

In a deceit
Disposition to
deceive.
[or imposition
DE-CElv'A-BLE,a. Subject to deceit
DE-CEIVE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
decipere^ fr. de and capere, to catch.]
To lead into error to impose upon.
Syn.
To delude insnare entrap.
;

n.
One who deceives.
syn. Impostor. A deceiver operates
;

De-ceiv'er,
by

stealth and in private: an impostor

practices his arts on the community at

large.
The one succeeds by artful falsehood; the other, by bold assumption.

DE-CEM'BER,

n.

[Lat.,

from decern,

being the 10th month

the early Romans.] The last
in the year.
De-cem'vir, n.; Eng. pi. ije-cem'VIRg; Lat. pi. DE-fEM'VI-Rl.
ten;

this

among
month

from decern, ten, and

[Lat.,

One of ten magistrates

man.]

vir, a

an

in

Rome from

449 to 447 B. C.
De-cem'vi-ral, a. Pertaining to thcient

decemvirs.

De-cem'vi-rate
of the decemvirs.
men in authority.

1
(45), n.
2.
body

Office

of ten

De'ceis-cy, n.
cent

i. State of being deproper formality modesty. 2is decent or becoming.

;

That which

De-cen'na-ry, n. [Lat. decern, ten,

and annus, a year.] A period of ten
Act of pouring

a fluid gently.

DEC'A-STYLE,

Lat. deceptus, deception.]

Attemp
or disposition to deceive.
Syn. Deception; fraud; imposition.
De-ceit'fue, a.
Full of deceit

sediment.

its

De-ANT'er,

DEBRIS (d:Vbree'),

I, E,

dec'a-he'-

pi.

the decalogue.

Deg'a-LOGUE

and

Debouchure

prop,

n.

DRA. [Gr. SeKa, ten, and eSpa, a

seat, a base.]
solid body having
ten sides.
De-gal'o-gist, n. One who explains

fr.

De-BOUCH' (-boosh'), v. i. [Fr. deboucher ; from de and boucher, to stop

up.]
To issue out of a confined
place.
(da/boo'shur'),
n.
[Fr.]
Outward opening, as of a val-

DEBUT

[Fr. debonnaire, fr.

Characterized by courtecomplaisant.

manner.]

#EBT

(da/bu-tong'), n.
[Fr.]
his first appearance
before the public.
DECADE, n. [Gr. Sends, from Sexa,
ten.]
Sum or number often.
De-ca/dence, In. [Lat. de and caDe-A'DEN-CY, )
dere, to fall.] Decay fall deterioration.
DE'A-GON, n.
[Gr. 6V/ca, ten, and
ywvta, corner, angle.] A plane figure
of ten sides and ten angles.
Dec'a-he'dral, a. Having ten sides.

One who makes

7rovs,

n.
[Lat. debitum, debt, from
debere, to owe.]
recorded item of
debt debtor side of an account.

v.t.

ap-

first

DE-BAUCH'ER,n. One who debauches.

De-bauch'EK-Y, n. Excessive in-

3d

attempt, or

first

Dec'a-he'dron,

sual or dissipated person.

De-Bknt'ure

beginning,
pearance.

Debutant

disputable.

De-bate',

DECIDUOUS

106

De-BAS'er, n. One who debases.

DE-BAT'A-BLE,a. Liable to be

[Gr. Se/cao-TvAo?,
crrOAos, column.]

building having a portico with ten

columns in front.
Dec'A-syl-lab'ic, a. [Gr. 6V/ca, ten,
and <rvAAa/37?, a syllable.] Consisting
of ten syllables.

years.

De-cen'ni-al, a. Consisting of ten

years, or happening every ten years

De'cent,

a.
[Lat. decent, p. pr. <,i
decet, decere, to be fitting.]
1. Suit-

able in words,

Modest.

behavior, &c.
2.
Moderate, but compe-

3.

tent; sufficient; hence, respectable.

De'cent-ly, adv.

In a decent man.

ner.

De-cep'tion,
Deceive.]

[Lat. deceptio. See

1. Act of deceiving.
2.

n.

State of being deceived.

3.
That
deceives.
Deceit fraud
imposition.
Syn.
Deception usually refers to the act, and
deceit to the habit of the mind; hence we
speak of a person as skilled in deception
nd addicted to deceit. An imj option
is an act of deception practiced upon

which

some one to his annoyance or injury; a

fraud implies the use of stratagem, with
a view to 6ome unlawful gain or ad-

vantage.
De-AY', v. i.
[-ED
-ING.]
[Lat.
de and cad ere, to fall.] To pass De-cep'tive a. Tending to deceive
gradually from a sound or perfect
deceitful
misleading.
state to a worse one to fail.
v. t. De-cep'to-ry, a. Tending to deceive.
To bring to a worse state.
n. De-charm', v. t.
To disenchant.
Gradual failure of health, strength, De-cide', v. t. [-ed -ING.]
[Lat.
decidere, from de and csedere, to cut.]
soundness, or prosperity.
Syn. Decline. Decay is stronger
v.
To settle to end to conclude.
than decline. What is declining leans
i. To
form a definite opinion to
toward a fall; what is decaying is on the
come
conclusion.
to
a
destruction.
way to
1. Free from ambiguDe-cease', ?.
[Lat. decessus, fr. de- De-CID'ed, a.
;

to depart,
this life.

ce'dere,

from

Syn.

v.

this

die.]

Departure

Death;

i.

life

[-ED
;

De-ceit',

demise; release.
-ING.] To depart from

to die.
n.
[0.

Eng.

deceipt,

I,0,U, Y,long; A,E,I,6,U,Y,S&orJ; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

from

WHAT

unequivocal.
of fixed purpose.

ity

clear.

Determined
Undeniable
[manner.
In a decided

2.

3.

De-cid'ed-ly, adv.
De-^ID'er, n. One who decides.
De-9ID'U-OUS, a.
[Lat. deciduus,

ERE, VEIL, TEEM

PIQUE, FTRI

fr-

SON,

DECILLION

million involved to the tenth power,

or a unit with 60 ciphers annexed according to the French notation, a unit
with 33 ciphers annexed.
[Lat. decimus, tenth,
S)ec'i-mal, a.
Pertaining to decifr. decern, ten.]
;

proceeding by tens.
Decimal fractions, fractions in which
the denominator is some power of 10.
A number or fraction exn.
pressed in the scale of tens.
Dfi'I-MATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
decimare, -matum, from decern, ten.]
2. To
1. To take the tenth part of.
select by lot and punish with death
every tenth man of.
Dec'i-ma'tion, n.
A selection of
every tenth by lot.
De^'i-ma'tor, n. One who decimates.
De-^I'pher, v. t. [-ed -ING.] [From
de and cipher.] 1. To translate from
a cipher into intelligible terms. 2.
To find out the meaning of.
DE-Cl'PHER-A-BLE,a. Capable of being deciphered.
:

De-cI'pher-er, w.One who deciphers.

DE-CIS/IOX (-sizh'un), n. [Lat. decisio.
1. Determination;
See Decide.]
settlement. 2. A report of a legal
adjudication. 3. Prompt and fixed

determination.
1. Having the quality
of deciding a question or controversy,

DE-cI'SlVE,a.

&c

2.

Marked by promptness and

decision

DE-ci'siVE-LY,ac?f. So as to end deliberation, doubt, or contest.

De-ci'sive-ness, ?). Quality of endconing doubt, controversy, &c.
;

clusiveness,

De-O'SO-RV, a. Able to
DECK, v. t. [-ED -ING.]

[determine.
decide or

[A.-S. decan, ge.decan, allied to Lat. tegere, to

cover ] 1. To cover. 2. To dress
to clothe with elegance.
3. To furnish with a deck.
n. 1. Floor-like
covering of a ship. 2.
pile of cards.
;

DECK/ER,

a.
2.

1.

adorns.
A
deck or decks
;

De-claim',

v.

declamare,

fr.

out.] 1. To
or oration

de

-ing.]

[Lat.
to cry

One who declaims.

Dec'la-Ma'tion,

n.
1. Act of declaiming. 2. A set speech. 3. Pretentious rhetorical display.
J)e-clam'a-to-ry, n. Characterized
by mere rhetoric il display.
Dec'la-ra'tion, n.
1. Act of doclaring.
2. That which is declared
or proclaimed distinct statement.
De-clar'a-tive, \a. Making decDe-clar'a-to-ry,
laration; explanatorv assertive.
De-olare', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
declarare^ fr. de and clarare, to make
:

1.

or, do,

fr.

-ING.] [Lat.
decus, ornais

becoming or ornamental.

Syx. To adorn; embellish

ment; beautify.

orna-

DEC'O-RA'TlON,
rating.

1. Act of decon.
That which decorates.
a.
Suited to em-

2.

Dec'o-ra-tive,
bellish

[ward.

;_

adorning.

[rates.

decline.
3. Act of deviating
obliquity. 4. Angular distance of any
oo^ect from the celestial equator.

cay

DE-CLIN'A-TO-RY,

a.

involving a declination.

De-clin'a-ture
De-clIne',

[ing.

Act of refus[-ED -ing.] [Lat.

de and a supposed clin-

v.

(53), n.

i.

declinare, fr.
lean, incline.]

are, to

1.

To bend

over or hang down. 2. To fail; to

sink; to decay. 3. To deviate; to
stray.

To

4.

er ;_seemly.

De-co'rous-ly,

refuse.

1.

1.

t.

cortex, bark.] To take off the

to peel.
De-cor'ti-ca'tion, n. Act of strip-

de

ping

Decay;

scending

clining

or

de-

sloping.

t.

quere, to cook.]
1. To prepare by
2. To digest.
boiling.
De-COC'TION. n. 1. Act of preparing

by
preparedby

for use

boiling.
boiling.

2.

An

extract

tate,

[ing.

De'col-la'tion,

n. Act of behead(-kul'ur), v. t. To deprive

[absence of color.
Removal or
Capable of

of color.

See

De-

Decorum is that
Syx.
Dignity.
is becoming in outward act or appearance; dignity springs from an inward elevation of soul producing a correspondent effect on the manners. The
decorum of a public assembly; the digwhich

nit of the men who compose it.

De-coy', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [From
de and coy; orig. to soothe, entice.]
To lead into a snare.
Syx. To deceive; entrap; insnare.
n.
1. A lure for birds used by
sportsmen.
2. A place into which
;

wild fowl are enticed.

A duck, or an
n.
imitation of one, used to draw others
into a net
often used figuratively.
De-crease', v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
decrescere, from de and crescere, to
grow.] To become less.
v. t.
To
make less to diminish gradually.
usually
diminish.
Things
Syx. To
decrease or fall off by degrees, and from
within, or through some cause which is

De-coy'-duck,
;

[-ed -ing.] [Lat.

decoqwre, decoctum, from de and cov.

[Lat.

(118), n.

>/

faculties.

consumption. The

stage of the downward progress is

decline; decay follows, tending to ultimate destruction; consun^ition is steady
decay from an inward wasting of
strength.
De-clin'er, n. One who declines.
De-CLI V'l-TY, n. [Lat. de.clivitas, fr.
(Jeclivis, sloping.]
1.
Inclination
downward slope. 2. An inclining
surface a slope.
De-cli'yotjs,
Gradually dea.
I

De-coct',

the bark or husk.

ner, or conduct.

To

first

De-cliv'I-tous,

corous.] Propriety of speech, man-

n.

away of the physical

off

De-co'rum

1. A falling off; diminution;

deterioration.
2. A gradual wasting

and

bark of; to husk

turn off or away from

to reject
courteously. 2. To inflect in order
in the changes of grammatical form.

Syx.

Dec'o-rous-ly,

or

In a becoming manner.
[-ed; -ing-1
v. t.
[Lat. decorticare, decorticatum from

adv.

De-cor'ti-cate,
Containing or

De-col'or-a tion, n.
De'com-pos/a-ble, a.
being decomposed.

imperceptible; as, the flood decreases;

the cold decreases ; their affection has
dec7-eased.
Things commonly diminish
or are diminished by an action from without, or one which is apparent; as, their
affection has diminished since their separation. The turn of thought, however,
is often such that these words may be interchanged.

n.

becoming

less

gradual dim-

inution.

De-CREE',

[Lat. dccretum, fr. den.

An order or decernere, to decide.]
cision made by some competent auTo
[-ed; -ing.]
thority.
v. t.
determine by authority to order
to appoint.
DEC'RE-MENT, w. [Lat. decrementum,

DE'OM-POSE', V. I.
[-ED; -ING.]
To resolve into original elements.
De'com-por'ite, a.
Compounded
more than once.
DE-COM'PO-st'TroN (zlsh'un). n. 1.
Act of decomposing
analysis.
2.
State of being decomposed.
De'com-pound', v. i. [-ed -ing.]
1. To mix with that which is already
compound.
2. To decompose.
a.
;

decrescere. See DECREASE.] 1.

Decrease waste loss. 2. Quantity
lost by gradual diminution.

from

DE-CREP'IT,

a. [Lat. decrepiUts, orig

noised out, noiseless, as old people.

Wasted by the infirmities of old age.

De-crep'i-tate, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
To roast or calcine, so as to cause a
To
r.
crackling
continual
already com;

Compound

of what

is

pounded.

wolf, too, TOOK; urn, RUE, PULL

E,

crackle, as salts

To make known publicly; De'com-pound'a-ble, a.

to af2. To assert
of being decompounded.

to proclaim.

[-ED

t.

To deck with that which

Dec'o-ra'tor, n. One who decoCurved downDE-co'ROUS,or Dec'o-roQs (118), a.

Dec'LI-NA'tion, n. 1. A bending
[Lat. decorosus.] Becoming;
propdedownward.
2. Deterioration

make a formal speech De-col'or

n.

V.

decorare, detoratum,

ment.]

(45), a.

[-ed

and clamare,

clear.]

Admitting of de-

a.

clension,

DEC'li-nate

i.

Dfi'0-RATE,

One who- decks or De-)5l'late, v. t. [-ED:. -ING.]

vessel which has a
[Lat. decollare, decollatum. from colTo behead to decapiused in composition.
liqm, neck.]

2. To
to harangue.
speak pompously and elaborately.

DE-CLAnrER.

descent. 2. DeterioraDeclination
tion; decay. 3. Act of courteously
refusing. 4. Inflection of a word,
according to its grammatical forms.

De-clIn'a-ble,

j;

DECREPITATION

107

v. i. To make a declaration
Having but a
firm.
decidere, to fall off.]
to proclaim one's self.
temporary existence.
De-cill'i6n, n. [Lat. decern, ten.] De-clar'ed-LY, adv. Avowedly.
According to the English notation, a De-clen'sion, n. [See Decline.] 1.

mals

I,

o, silent

Capable

when

De-crep'1-ta'TION,

?'.

roastiug.

Act of de-

n.

crepitating.

c. g, soft; c, G, hard; As;

e^ist

jj

as

NG

THIS.

DECREPITNESS

DEFENSE

108

draw.] To obtain as the result of

De-crep'it-ness, \ n. Broken state
reasoning to infer.
De-CREP'i-tude,
produced by deDe-duce'ment, n. Act of deducing;
cay and the infirmities of age.

De-crescent,

An

authoritative decree esp.

of the pope, determining
some point in ecclesiastical law. 2. A
collection of the pope's decrees.
Je-cre'tist, n. One who studies, or
is versed in, the decretals.
Having the force
De-CRE'TIVE, a.
or nature of a decree.
Dec're-to-ry (50), a. Established
by a decree definitive.
De-crT'al, n.
A crying down ; a
clamorous censure.

1.

letter

De-crFer, n. One who decries.

De-cry', v t. [-e -ing, 142.] [Fr.
d eerier. See CRY.
To censure as
faulty, mean, or worthless.
Syn. To depreciate; detract; dispar;

age. Decry

and depreciate

[deduced.
deduced.
De-du'ci-ble, a. Capable of being
DE-DU'clVE,a. Performing the act
of deduction.
De-duct', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
deducere, deductum. See DEDUCE.]
To take away to subtract.
De-dOc'tion, n. 1. Act or method
of deducing. 2. Act of deducting.

that which

Decreasing.

a.

De-cre'TAL, a. [Lat. decretalis. See

Decree.] Containing a decree.
n.

refer to the

estimation in which a thing is held, the

former seeking to cry it down, and the
latter to run it down in the opinion of
others.
Detract and disparage refer to
merit or value, which the former assails
with caviling, &c, while the latter willfully underrates and seeks to degrade it.
Men decry their rivals and depreciate
their measures.
The envious detract
from the merit of a good action, and disparage the motives of him who performs

is

De-cC'M'ben-cy,

n. Act, posture, or
state of lying

down.

De-ciJM'BENT,

a.

[Lat.. decumbere,
de and cinnbere., for

decumbent, from
cubare, to lie down.]
Lying down;
prostrate recumbent.
DeCU-PLE, a. [Gr. SeKankovg from
Tenfold; multiplied by
Sena, ten.]
ten.
n.
A number ten times re;

peated.

v. t. To make tenfold.
n. [Lat. decurio, fr. dedivision of ten]
A Roman

0E-U'RI-ON,
curia,

<a

Syn. To slander; calumniate.

DE-FAM'ER, n. One who defames.
De-fault', n. [L. Lat. defalta, from
de andfalkre, to deceive.]
sion of
Defect

That which is deduced inference.

part
That which is deducted
taken away.
Pertaining to deDe-dTict'ive, a.
[deduction.
duction deducible.
De-duct'ive-ly, adv. By way of
DEED, n. [A.-S. dsed, fr. don, to do.]
an act. 2.
1. That which is done
3.

exploit.

3.

sealed

instrument in writing, containing

some transfer or contract, especially
To
v. t.
in regard to real estate.
convey by deed.
DEEM, f. f. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. de-

man, domian.} To think

to

to

judge;

n.
[Norm. Fr. defesance, fr. defaire, to undo.] A rendering null or void.
[defeated.
DE-FEA'gl-BLE, a. Capable of being
DE-FEAT', n. [Fr. defaite, from defaire, to undo.]
1. An overthrow,
as of an attack, an army, &c. 2.
Frustration, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1.
To render null and void. 2. To

overcome, as an army.
with success.

[-er;-est.] [A.-S. drop,

diop, from dyppan, to dip, immerse.]
1. Extending far below the surface.
from the
2. Extending far back

eqniv. to decern asses), the

number X, or ten.] To cross at an
acute angle.
[the form of an X.
De'cus-sa'TION, n. . Intersection in
De-DEC'O-RoBs, a.
[Lat. dedecorus.
Disgraceful unSee Decorous.]
;

becoming

infamous.
Ded'i-cate, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
dedicare, -eatum, from de and dicare,
;

declare, dedicate.]
To set
1.
apart and consecrate. 2. To inscribe
or address.
Ded'i-cate (45), a.
Set apart devoted ;_conFecrated.
Ded'I-ca'TION, n. 1. Act of dedicating.
2. Address to a patron or
friend, prefixed to a book.
DED'I-CA/TOR, n. One who dedicates.
to

Dd'i-ca-to-ry

(50), a.

Composing,

or serving as, a dedication.

De-dPce', v. t.
[-ed -ing.] [Lat.
deducere, from de and ducere, to lead,
;

a, e,

i,

o,u, y long; A,

ii/i,

To

3.

Svx. To overthrow; ruin; overpower subdue rout foil discomfit

;

baffle; disappoint; frustrate.

V. I. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

Hard DEF'E-CATE,

Penetrating; thorough.
plete and overmastering.
pressed

abject.

Dark

9.

Com-

7.

de and

def&care, defaecatum, from

To clear
fsex, dregs.]
dregs, &c.
to purify.

from

lees,

De- DEF'e-cate,

8.
;

re-

sist

a.

front. 3. Low in situation. 4.

proto penetrate or comprehend
found. 5. Profoundly learned. 6.

to

DE-FEA'gANCE,

thing

intense.

that

Freed from

a.

can

pollute

any

refined

[from impurities.
Act of separating

purified.

adv. Ear
grave.
10. Of low tone
Df'e-ca'TION, n.
n. 1.
down; profoundly deeply.
Deep water. 2. That which is pro- De-fect', n. [Lat. defectus, from defieere, to desert, fail, be wanting.] 1.
depth.
the
nKdst
found. 3. The
Want or absence of something neDeepen, v. t. [-edo -ing.] 1. To
cessary.
2. Blemish; deformity.
make deep or deeper. 2. To make
Syn. Fault. Defect is negative, dedarker.
To become deeper.
v. i.
noting the absence of that which is necesor
to
a
great
At
1.
Deep'ly, adv.
sary to a thing's completeness or perfec:

depth.

Profoundly.

2.

fault is positive, denoting something improper or wrong. The faults of

a friend are too often palliated into mere

tion

defects.

mal, esp. a wild animal.]

De-fec'tion,

A ruminant

Act of abandoning

n.

a person or cause

quadruped of several

De-FET'IVE,

species.

apostasy.

Wanting

a.

De-face',
-ing']

v.

[-ed;

t.

[Lat. de

and

De-fect'IVE-ness,

fanes, face.] To mar

the appearance of to

Deer.

disfigure.

De-FACE'ment,

.
1. Act of defacing injury to the external appearance. 2. That which defaces.

De-fend',

One who

defaces.

[-ED; -ING.]
[L. Lat. dffaleare, defalcatum, to deduct, orig. to cut off with a sickle.]
To cut off to deduct a part off.

Slander

n.

detraction

amation

De-fame',

6, u, y, short;

a.

[See

defense.

opposes
charge.

Containing def-

calumnious slanderous.
t.
[-ed -ing.] [Lat.
;

v.

n.

1.

One who makes

2. (Law.) The party that

a complaint, demand, or

n.
One who defends.
That which
n.
serves to guard or defend.De-FEnse', n. [Fr. defense, Lat. de-

Defame.] De-fend'er,

calumny.

De-fEnd'ant,

De-fam'A-to-ry,

State of being

Defense.

VINDICATE.

n. 1. A cutting off:
2/ That which is cut off. 3.
An ahstraction of money, &c. an
embezzlement.
deficit.

Def'a-ma'tion.

n.

See

2.

t.

DE'FAL-ca'tion,

n.
v. t.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

defendere.] 1. To guard from injury.
To contest, as a suit.
To defend is litSyn. To protect.
erally to ward off; to protect is to cover
over. We defend those who are attacked;
we protect those who are liable to injury
or invasion. A fortress is defended by its
guns, and protected by its walls. See also

v.

some

imperfect.

De -fence',

De-fa'cer. n.
DE-FAL'CATE,

in

important respect deficient faulty.

De-FET'IVE-LY, adv. Imperfectly.
;

(orig.

fails

to his care.

officer who commanded ten soldiers.

Deer, n. sing. &jfl.
[A.-S. deor, an aniDE-CUR'RENT, a. [Lat decurrere, de-

currens, to run down.]

Extending
downward.
DE-CUS'SATE, V. t.
[-ED
-ING.]
[Lat. decussare, -alum, from decussis,

One who

n.

account for public money intrusted

be of opinion.

Deep,

appear in court.

he* fails to

De-FAULT'ER,

Omis-

Achievement

4.

1.

what ought to be done. 2.

want failure lack. 3. Failtake some step necessary to

ure to
secure the benefit of law.
v.i,
[-ED; -ing.] To fail to appear in
court.
v. t.
1. To fail to perform.
2. (Law.) To call, as a Ue f"ndant,
and make an entry of his deiault, if

De-cCm'bence,

de/amare, from de and fama, fame-i

To speak evil of to asperse.

De-fen's a-tive,
)

De-fence',)

care, far, Ask, all, what; ere,

ve,il,

fensa. See

Defend.]

tEhbi; pique, firm; son,

DEFENSELESS

DEHORT

109

Syn. Distortion; ugliness; defect.*

That which Def'I-nIte-LY; adv. In a definite
1.
De-fraud', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat
[definite.
3. Defendant's plea.
manner; exactly.
defends.
defraudare, from de and fraud are, tv
guard; fortifica- Def'i-nite-ness, n. State of being
Sy>'. Protection
cheat.] To deprive of right by fraud,
tion; vindication; apology justification. DEF'I-NI'TION (-nish/un), n.
1. Act
DE-FENSE'LESS, a.
Destitute of
deception, or artifice.
of defining. 2. An explanation of
Syn. To cheat cozen deceive.
De-fence'less, J defense or prothe meaning of a word or term.
De-fraud'ER, n. One who defrauds.
[defended.
tection,

Syn. Explanation; description. A De-fray', v. t. [-ed -ing.]

[Fr
De-fen'st-ble, a. Capable of being
definition is designed to settle a thing in
defrayer, fr. de and frais, expense."
De-fen'sIve. a. 1. Serving to deits compass and extent; an explanation
the
expense
of.
bear
or
pay
obscurity
or
To
remove
some
intended
to
is
resisting
at2.
Carried
on
fend.
by
misunderstanding, and is therefore more De-fray'AL, n. Act of defraying.
n.
tack. 3. In a state to defend.
extended and minute; a. description en- De-fray'er, n. One who pays ex
That which defends a safeguard.
ters into striking particulars with a view
De-fen'sive-ly, adv. In a defensive
to interest or impress by graphic effect.
Deft, a. [A.-S. daft ; dafan, to be fit
manner.
DE-FIN'I-TIVE, a. Determinate final
[ously.
or apt.] Apt fit neat.
DE-FER' (14), V. t. [-RED -RING.]
n.
unconditional.
A
conclusive
[Lat. deferre, to bear away, deliver,
word used to limit the extent of the Deft'ly, adv. Aptly fitly dexterDe-fOnct', a. [Lat. defunctus, p. p.
report
differre, to bear apart, put
signification of a common noun.
of defungi, to discharge, depart, die.]
1. To put off; to post- DE-FlN'i-TlVE-LY,ar/t>. Finally
off, delay.]
conn. A dead person.
Bead deceased.
pone. 2. To submit in a respectful
[ness.
positively.
clusively
[-ed; -ing, 142.] [Fr.
De-fy',
v. t
to De-fIn'i-tive-ness, n.
1. To delay
manner.
Conclusivedefter, from Lat. dis and fides, faith.]
wait.
2. To yield from respect to
De-fla'gra-ble, or Def'la-graTo provoke to combat or strife to
another.
BLE, a. Burning with a sudden
challenge to dare.
Def'er-ence, n. A yielding of judgand sparkling combustion.
De-gar'nish,v.
t. [-ed, -ing.] [Fr.
ment or preference complaisance.
[-ed; -ing.]
Def'la-grate, v.
degarnir, from de and garnir, to furStw. Respect. Deference usually,
de
fr.
[Lat. deflagrare, deflagratum,
nish.]
To
deprive
of entirely, as of
but not always, implies respect. We
To burn
andflagrare, to flame.]
may defer on some one point to a man
furniture or troops.
with a sudden and sparkling comwho knows better than we do, while we
De-gen'er-a-cy, n. A becoming debustion.
have no general respect for his character.
generate a growing worse.
Def'er-ent, a. Serving to convey. Def la-gra'tion, n. A sudden and
Syn. Decay deterioration.
sparkling combustion, without exn. That which carries or conveys.
DE-GEN'ER-ATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
plosion
Def'er-en'TIAL, a. Expressing def[Lat. degenerare, -atnm, fr. degener,
Def'la-gra'tor, n. A form of the
erence.
degenerate.] To be or grow worse;
voltaic battery for producing rapid
De-fi'ance, n. 1. Act of defying;
hence, to be inferior to deteriorate.
and powerful combustion.
opposition
challenge.
2.
State
of
a
De-gen'ER-ate
a. Deteriorated

Act of defending.

2.

'

;.

-('.

[insolent.
willingness to fight.
De-fi'ant, a. Full of defiance bold;
DE-FI'CIENCE, \n. State of being
De-fi'cien-cy, )
deficieut;
inade;

quacy

failure.

Defi'cient

[Lat. de~

(-t'Tsh'ent), a.

ficere, deficient, to be wanting ]

ing to make up completeness.

Syn.

Inadequate;

Want-

(-fTsh'ent-),

a deficient manner.
Def'i-cIt, n. [Lit.
Deficiency in

De-fi'er, n.
De-file', or

adv. In

wanting.]

a*e-

v. i.
[Fr. defiler, from
de, for des, a,n&file, a row or line.]

To march off file by

DE -FILE 'ME NT, n.
;

foulness
n.

One

State of being
pollution.
who defiles or pol[defined.

a.

Capable of being

[-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
and finite, to limit, to
end.] 1. To end. 2. To mark the
limits of. 3. To determine with precision.
4. To explain
to interpret.
De-fin'er, n. One who defines.
Def'i-nite, a.
1. Having certain
definite, fr. de

limits.
3.

2.

Fixed

Precise in signification.
exact. 4. Serving to de-

fine or restrict.

6r, do,

(45),

degraded

mean base
;

low.

[Low Lat. den.

The fall of
foliate, to shed leaves.]
theleaf, or shedding of leaves,
De-force', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [0. Fr.
deforcer, deforder. See FORCE.] To

De-fo'li-a'tion,

keep from the lawful possession of

theowner.

A wrongful
n.
withholding, as of lands or tenements.
De-for'ciant, n. One who keeps out
of possession the rightful owner of
an estate.
De-form', v.

t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. dede andformare, to form.]

to disfigure. 2. To render displeasing or ugly.
[uring.
Def'or-ma'tion, n. Act of disfigDe-f6rm'ER, n. One who deforms.
De-form'i-ty, n. 1. State of being
deformed irregularity of shape. 2.
Any thing that destroys beauty,
grace, or propriety.

formare,
1.

fr.

To mar

wolf, too, took; urn, rue, pull-, b,i,

o, silent

De-gen'er-ate-ness,

In a

de-

State of

n.

being degenerate.

[worse.
growing
n.
Decline; degradation; debase-

De-GEN'ER-A'TION,
Syn.

ment^

deterioration.
V.

DE-GLU'TI-NATE,

t.

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat. deglutinare, -atum, fr. de and

glutinare, to glue.] To unglue.
Deg'lu-tI'tion (-tish'un), n. [Lat.

deglutire, to swallow

Act

down.]

oi

power ofswallowing.

Deg'ra-da'tion,

n.

[L. Lat. degra-

datio. See Degrade.] 1. A reducing

in rank, character, or reputation. 2.
gradual wearing down, as of rocks,

discharge of humors.

De-force'ment,

file.

lutes,

De-fin' a-ble,
De-fine', v. t.

position, course, or direction.

v. t.
To cause to turn aside.
Act of turning
n.
aside from a right line or proper
course deviation.
De-flex'URE, n. A bending or turn[ing.
ing aside j deflection.
Def'lo-ra'tion, n. Act of defiourDe-flour', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [L.
Lat. deflorate, fr. de and florare, to
flower.]
To deprive of virginity to
ravish to seduce.
DE-FLtJX'lON (-fluk'shun), n. [Lat. defluxio, fr. defluere, to flow down.] A

De-FLE'TION,

defiled

[Lat.

A long, narrow pass,

as between hills, &c.
De-file', o. t. [-ed; -ing.] [0. Eng.
defyle, defoul, A.-S. fylan, to pollute, from fill, foul.]
1. To pollute
to corrupt. 2. To make impure or
turbid.
3.
To make ceremonially

De-fil'ER,

[-ed; -ing.]

and fleeter e, to bend.] De-gen'er-ate-ly, adv.

To deviate from a right line, proper
generate manner.

it is

amount or quality.
One who defies.
De'file, n. [Fr.

fili,fv. defiler.]

unclean.

v. i.
deflertere, fr. de

defective; imper-

fect; short.

De-fi'cient-ly

Deflect',

c,G,

soft;

banks, and the

like.

De-grade', v. t. [-ed;
To reduce from a higher

-ing.] 1.
a lower
rank or degree. 2. To reduce in estimation or reputation. 3. To wear
down, as hills and mountains.
to

Syn. To abase; demean; lower.

DE-GREE', n. [Fr. degre, fr. Lat. de
and gradus, step, degree.] 1. One
grade
step upward or downward
;

station;
2. Position;
gradation.
rank extent. 3. Academical rank
4. 360th
indicated by a diploma.
part of the circumference of a circle.
5. A division on a mathematical or
other instrument. 6. (Mus.) Difference in position between two notes.
;

De-HIS'CENCE,

n.
hiscens, to gape.]

2.

[Lat. dehiscere, de-

1. Act of gaping.
Opening of pods, &c, at maturity.

DE-Hls'CENT,

a.

Opening, as the cap-

sule of a plant.

De-HOFT',

v.

t.

[Lat. dehortari,

from

,&,hard; A; Exist; n as ng; this.

DE1I0RTATI0N
dissuade._

To
fing.

De'hor-ta'tton, n. Act of dissuadDe-hort'a-to-ry, a. Fitted to dissuade.

[Lat. deus, god, and
c&dere, to cut, kill] 1. Act of putting to death a being possessing a

De'1-cide, n.

divine nature.
2.
One concerned
in putting Christ to death.

De-IF'I,
a.
[Lat. deificus, from
DE-IF'I-AL, )
deus, a, god, and facere, to make.]
Making divine.
De'I-fi-ga'TION, n. Act of deifying
)

One who

De'I-form,

[Lat. deus, a god,

Like a god

deifies.

v.

deificare.

[-ed

t.

of a godlike

See

-ing, 142.] [Lat.

divine being.
v.

t.

[-ED

dejection,
To cast

ji.cere,

To

-ING.] [Lat. dede and jaerre, to

fr.

down the

throw.]

Syn.

dispirit

spirits of.

dishearten

de-

press.

De-JECT'ed-ly, adv.

In a dejected

n.

Lowness of

spirdisheartenmeut. 2.

1.

melancholy

A low condition

weakness. 3. (Med.)
(a.) Act of voiding the excrements.
(b) Matter voided.
DE-LAPSE', v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
delabi, delapsus, to fall down.]
To
fall or slide down.
JDe-lay', v. t
[-ed; -ing.]
1. To
;

off; to defer.
2. To stop or
hinder, for a time.
Syn.
To procrastinate prolong.
v. i.
To move slowly; to linger.
[Fr. delai, fr. Lat. dilatum,
n.
from differre, to defer.] 1. A putting off or deferring procrastination.
2. Stay
detention hindrance.

put

De-lay'er, n. One who

DE r LE,v. t. [Lat., imp.

delays.
sing, of de-

Erase remove
a direction to cancel something which
has been put in type.
[ted out.
Del'E-BLE, a. Capable of being blotlere, to destroy.]

De-LE'TA-BLE,
from

a. [Lat. delectabilis,

Highly

In a delecta-

manner.

De'LEG-ta'tion,
DEL'E-GATE, V.

[delight.

n.

Great pleasure

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. delegare, delegatum, from de,
and legare, to send as embassador,

i, E,

l,

De-light'ed

To pleas
[delight
p. a. Full of
pleased
gratified

(-lit>

Svn. Glad;
charmed.

De-light-ful

),

Affording

(-lit'-),,a.

great pleasure and satisfaction.

DE-LiGHT'FUL-LY (de-lhV-), adv. In

a manner to delight.

Del'e-te'RI-ous

Having the

(89), a.

quality of destroying, or extinguishing,

life.

De-le'tion,

n.
Act of deleting.
n.
Earthen ware, covered
white glazing.

[Lat. deliberare,
and librare, to

with

De-lIn'e-ate,

v. t.
[-ed; -ing.|
[Lat. delineare, -alum , fr. de and lineare.]
1. To represent by sketch or

diagram .2. To portray to the mind.

De-liN'e a'tion, ii. Act of delineating.

Syn.

Sketch

portrait

outline

di aught.

[-ED; -ING.] De-lIn'e-A'tor,

deliberation, from de
eates.

V.

i.

weigh.]
To take
counsel with one's self; to reflect to
;

n.

De-lTn'quen-cy
Omission of duty

One who

delin-

(de-lTnk'wen-), n.
fault; misdeed.

De-lIn'quent (-UnVwent),

1. Carefully cona.
sidering the probable consequences
circumspect. 2. Formed with deliberation.
3. Not hasty
slow.

Fail-

a.

ing in duty.
n. [Lat. delinijuescere
delinquens, to be wanting in duty.]
One who fails to perform his duty
an offender or transgressor.
De-lib'er-ate-ly, adv.
Circum- DEl/I-QUESf'E' (-kweV), v. i.
[-ED
spectly
slowly.
[being deliberate.
(-kwesf); -ING.] [Lat. deliquescert,
De-lIb'er-ate-ness, n. Quality of
fr. de and liquescere, to become fluid.]
De-lIb'er-a'tion, n.
1. Act of deTo dissolve gradually by absorbing
liberating. 2. Careful discussion and
moisture from the air.
examination of the reasons for and Del'i-ques'cence, n. Act or state
against a measure.
of being deliquescent.
[the air.
De-lib'er-a-tive, a. Proceeding or Del'i-Ques'oent, a. Liquefying in
acting by deliberation.
De-lIr'i-oOs, a. Having a delirium
Del'i-ca-cy, n.
1.
State of being
lightheaded insane.
delicate; delightfulness.
2. Nicety
De-lYr'M'M, n. [Lat., from delirare,
form
or
texture;
of
hence, frailty or
orig. to go out of the furrow.]
1.
weakness.
3. Susceptibility or tenMental aberration.
2. Strong exderness of feeling and hence, effemcitement.
4. Critical niceness.
inacy.
5. A
Delirium tremens, a violent delirium
induced by the excessive use of intoxiluxury or pleasure. 6. Something
cating liquors.
pleasant to the taste a dainty.
Syn. Insanity; frenzy; madness.
Del'i-gate, a. [Lat. delicatus, from De-lIv'er,
v. t.
[-ed -ing.] [Fr.
delicise, delight.]
1. Delightful.
2.
dclivrer, fr. Lat. de and liberate, to
Pleasing to the senses.
Fine
3.
or
set free.]
1. To set at liberty; to
slender. 4. Slight or smooth. 5. Soft
save from evil.
2. To give or trans;

t.

o, u, Y, long; A, E,

I,

and

6,

tj,

fair.

6.

Refined.

Tender

7.

not able to endure hardship. 8. Requiring nice handling.

Syn. Nice; fine elegant gentle
;

considerate
feeble
critical; luxurious.
;

frail

Del'1-ga..'E-ly, adv.

effeminate

In a

delicate

ciosus, fr. delicise, delight.] Sweet or

grateful to the senses, especially to

the taste.
Syn. Delightful.

Delicious

refers

to the pleasure derived from certain of

the senses, as, delicious food, a delicious
fragrance; delight/id may also refer to

most of the

senses',

but has a higher ap-

plication to matters of taste, feeling,

and

a ddighlful abode, conversation, prospect, &c.

sentiment,

as,

De-lPcioOs-ly

(-llsh'us-),

adv.

In

DEL/I-GA'TION,

n.
[Lat. deligatio,
deligare, to bind up.]
binding

up a bandaging.
De-light' (-lit'), n.
;_

1.

[From Lat. deLively pleasure or hap-

2. That which affords

[-ED -ING.] [0.
delight.
v. t.
Fr. deliter, from Lat. delectare, from

piness

Y, short;

joy.

3.

lieve of

To communicate. 4. To
a child in child-birth.

CARE, FAR, Ask; ALL,

re-

Syn. To

release; discharge; liberate;

surrender; resign; pronounce; utter.
One who delivers a package gives itforth ;
one who delivers a Cargo discharges it ;
one who delivers a captive liberateshim
one who delivers a message ora discourse
utters or pronounces it; when a platoon
of soldiers deliver their fire, they set it
free or give itforth.
De-liv'er-ance, n. 1. Act of delivering.
2. State of being delivered;

freedom.

De-lTv'er-ER, n. One who delivers.

De-LIV'er-y, n. 1. Act of delivering;
surrender. 2. Style of utterance.
3. Parturition.
4. Freepreservation.
[See Dale.]
small ren.
tired dale or valley.

rescue

dom
Dell,

Del'phin,

a delicious manner.

lectare.']

fer.

[delicate.
manner.
Del'I-GATE-NESS, n. State of being
DE-Li'cious (-tfsh'us), a. [Lat. deli-

fr.

De-leg'ta-bly, adv.
ble

delectare, to delight.]
delightful.

pleasing

de and lacere, to entice.]

highly.

manner.

De-jeg'tion,
its

consider.
Deific] 1. To make
To treat as an object De-LIB'ER-ATE,

a god of. 2.
of supreme regard.
DglGN (dan), v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr.
daigner, from Lat. dignus, worthy.]
To vouchsafe to condescend.
v. t.
To condescend to give or bestow.
DE'lgM, n. Doctrine or creed of a deist.
De'IST, n. One who believes in the
existence of a God, but denies revealed religion a freethinker.
De-ist'I,
a.
Pertaining to deDe-Yst'ig-al, J
ism or to deists.
De'i-TY, n.
[Lat. deitas, from deus,
god.]
1. Divinity
godhead. 2. A

De-JEGT',

and DE-LiIB'ER-ATE,

form.

Pe'i-fv,

to depute.] 1. To send as one's representative. 2. To assign to commit.

Del'e-gate (45), n. One deputed to
represent another.
a.
Sent to act
for or represent another.
Del/e-ga'tion, n. 1. Act of delegating. 2. One or more persons deputed to represent others.
De-lete', v. I. [-ed -ING.] [See
Dele.]_ To blot out to erase.

DELF,

apotheosis.
De'I fPer, n.

forma.]

DELUDE

110

de and kortari, to urge, exhort.]

a.

; ,-

WHAT

Pertaining to the
Del'phine
dauphin of France or
to an edition of the classics, prepared
)

a.

for his use.

Del'tA, n. 1. The Greek letter A.
2. A tract of land of a similar figure
esp. between two mouths of a river.
De-lude', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
deludere, fr. de and ludere, to play,

ERE, VEIL, trhi PIQUE FIRM s6n,

;

;.

DELUDER

DEMURRAGE

111

with mephitis.'] To purify from foul, DEM'O-Li'TlON (-lish'un), n. Act ol

demolishing ruin destruction.
unwholesome air.
De-MER'it, n. [Fr. demerite, from de De'MON, n. [Gr. 8aifjMP, a divinity]
Gr. Anliq.) A spirit holding a
1.
dewhich
That
and merite, merit.] 1.
middle place between men and the
2.
serves blame fault crime vice.
wash away.]

mock.] 1. To lead into error. 2. To

frustrate or disappoint.
One who deludes.
n.
[Fr. deluge, fr. Lat. di-

De-LUD'er,
DEL'UGE, n.

fei'Wi,from
1.

An

diluere, to
a flood.
;

inundation

Any

2.

great calamity. v. t. [-ED -ING.]

To overflow to inundate.
De-lu's_ion, n. 1. Act of deluding
deception.
2. State of being deluded. 3. False belief.
;

Ill-desert.

DE-MER'SION,
mersion.

n. 1.

A drowning

im-

State of being over-

2.

whelmed.

2. An
gods: also, a departed soul.
a devil.
evil spirit
Pertaining to,
a.
Dem / o-ni'a-ae, ) or influenced byj,
;

De-mo'ni-ac,

demons devilish.
To
De-mes/mer-ize, v. t.
De-mo'N!-a, n.
A human being
from mesmeric influence.
[false gods.
possessed by a demon.
Lat.
[From
Syn. Illusion fallacy. An illusion De-MESNE' (-meenO, n.
dominimn, prop, rightof ownership.] De'mon-im, n. Belief in demons or
is a false show, a mere cheat on the fancy
judgment,
[Gr.
delusion
a
false
De'MON-oe'A-TRY,
n.
senses;
a
is
8aCfx<av,
or
Chief manor-place, with part of the
visually affecting the real concerns of
demon, and \arpeia, worship.] Worlands belonging thereto.
fallacy is something (like an argulife;
ship of demons.
A fabulous hero.
ment,'&c.) having a specious appearance, Dem'i-god, n.
[Gr. Sai/awi/,
but destitute of reality and truth. The Dem'i-JOHN (-jon), n. [A corrupt, of De'MON-OL'O-GY, n.
illusions of youth; the delusions of stockA
demon, and Aoyos, discourse.]
Damaghan, in Khorassan.] A glass
relieve

a.

jobbing; a/allucy in reasoning.

a.
Fitted to delude de[lacious.
ceptive beguiling.

De-lu'sive,

De-lu'so-RY,

DELVE,

V.

Apt

a.

falto delude
-ING.] [A.-S.
;

[-ED;

t.

To peneTo labor

2.
del/an.]
1. To dig.
trate to trace out. v. i.
;

vessel inclosed in wicker-work.

A work constructed
n.

DEM'l-LUNE,

beyond the main ditch of a

fortress,

to defend the curtain a ravelin.

De-mie', n.
[From Fr. demetlre, p.
p. dernis, demise, to put away, lay
1. Transmission
transferdown.]
ence. 2. Decease of a royal or prince;

with the spade.

DEL.V'ER,ra. One

DEM'A-GOG'lgM,

who

delves.

demagogue.

DEM'A-GoGUE
yaj-yos, fr.

(-gcg), n.

[Gr.

5r,ju.a-

common people,
leading.]
An artful

6*r)ju.os,

and aywyos,

the

dividual.

3.

of an estate.
Syn. Death decease; departure. See
;

Death.

v.t.

To transmit

[-ed;-ING.]

by succession or inheritance

politician.

De-main',

any distinguished inConveyance or transfer

ly person, or of

Practices of a

n.

De-mand',

Demesne.

See

n.
v.

demandare,

[-ed

t.

-ING.]

to intrust.]

[Lat.

To ask

1.

or call for with authority. 2. To ask

to question. 3. To be in urgent need
of.
n. 1. Act of demanding exac3. Dilition.
2. Earnest inquiry.
gent search. 4. Thing claimed.
De-ma nd'A-ble, a. Capable of being

demanded.

[a plaintiff.

De-mand'ant,

One who demands

n.

De'mar-ka'tion, n.
tion.
See Mark.]

[Fr.

to be-

demarca-

2.

A short
n.
note, equal to half of a semi-quaver.
n.
[Lat. demissio.] Degradation humiliation.
Dem'i-tint', n. A gradation of color
between positive light and positive
shade.
Dem'1-Orge, n. [Or. firj/atovpyos, working for the people, a workman.] An
Dem'i-sem'i-qua'ver,

De-mis'sion (-mish'un),
;

and mysterious agent, em-

exalted

Act of mark-

1.

ing, or setting a limit.

ascertained.

queath.

limit

ployed in the creation of the world

and of man from matter.

Dem'i-volt,

n.

An

artificial

[-ed; -ing.] 1. [0.

Fr. demener, demesner, from de and
mener, to lead, drive, conduct.]
To
manage to conduct to treat.
v.
t. 2. To carry or conduct
to behave.
3. [From de and mean.]
To debase
to lower.

Dem'o-RAT,

v.t.

Syn\ To

Among our early

k.

An

Dem'O-crXt'IC,
writers, demean was taken to be connect- Dem'o-crat'IG-al,
ed with mien and demeanor, and not with
degrade.

mean. This is still the approved use of

the word; yet it is not unusual, even at
the present day, to speak of a man's demeaning [i. e. degrading], himself by
improper conduct.
De-Mean'or, n. Manner of behaving.
Behavior; deportment; carSyn.
riage bearing; mien; conduct.

De'men-cy,

[Lat. dementia,

n.

demens, mad.]

from

Insanity.

DE-MEN'TATE,

V.

t.

To

de[reason

prive of reason

DE'MEN-TA'TION,
Insanity.

2.

Deprivation of
n.
[Lat.]
1.
total loss of reason

(-shl/a), n.

idiocy.

DE-MEPH'I-TIZE, 1'. t. [-ED -ING.]

[From de and Fr. miphitiser, to infect
;

or, do,

to,

or favor-

ing, democracy.

Capable of

a.

being demonstrated.

De-mon'stra-bly, adv.

In a man-

ner to demonstrate

Dem'on-strate,
STRATE (117), v.

De-mon'-

or

[Lat.

t.

demon-

demonstratus, fr. de. mndmonstrare, to show.]

1. To point out;

strare,

2. To prove, or estabto indicate.

lish so as to exclude possibility of

doubt. 3. To exhibit and describe

the parts ofwhen dissected.
Dem'on-stra'tion, n. 1. Act of demproof.
2. A manifesta3. Exhibition and description
of the parts of a subject for dissection.
4. [Mil.) A decisive exhibition of force.

onstrating

tion.

De-mon'stra-TIVE,

a.
1.
Having
2.
power of demonstration.
Frank open.

the

De-mon'stra-T1VE-ly, adv.
tainly

clearly

Cer-

openly.

Dem'on-stra'TOR,

n.

One who dem[demonstrate.

onstrates,

Tending to

De-mor'al-i-za'tion,

Act of
n.
subverting morals, or of corrupting
discipline, courage, &c.
De-mor'al-ize, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
To render corrupt in morals, or in
discipline, courage, &c.

De-m6t'I,

a.

[Gr. Stj/hotikos,

from

the people.] Pertaining to the

popular common.
De-mDl'CENT, a. [Lat. demulcens,
p. pr. of demulcere, to soften.] Softening, mollifying.
n. A substance of
a bland, mucilaginous nature.
St)/u.os,

people

DEM'o-CRAT'ie-AL-LY, adv.

In a
democratical manner.
De-mol'isHj-u. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. DE-MUR', V. i.
[-RED -RING, 136.]
demoliri, from de and moliri, to con[Lat. demorari, fr. de and morari, to
struct.]
To throw or pull down to
to suspend
1. To delay
delay.]
;

pull to pieces to ruin.

Syk.
To overturn overthrow deThat is overstroy dismantle; raze.
turned or overthrown, which had stood
upright; that is destroyed whose component parts are scattered; that is demolished which had formed a mass or structure; that is dismantled which is stripped
of its covering, as a vessel of its sails, or a
;

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat. dementare,dementatus.]

De-men'ti-a

adherent ofdePertaining

a.

Quality

of being demonstrable.

De-mon'stra-bee,

motion DE-MON'STRA-TO-RY,a.

of a horse, in which he raises his forelegs in a peculiar manner.

DE-MOO'RA-^Y, n. [Gr. %xo:paTia,
fr. Stj/uos, the people, and Kparelv, to
Government in which the
rule.]
supreme power is in the hands of the
[mocracy.
people.

De-mean',

treatise on demons.
DE-MON'STRA-BIL/I-Ti", n.

proceedings in view of a doubt. 2.

To raise an objection and rest upon
h.
it for a decision by the court.
Stop hesitation as to proceeding.
De-mure', a. [0. Fr. de murs, i. e. io
bonnes murs, of [good] manners.] "U

Of modest appearance grave. 2.

Making a show of gravity.
&c; that is razed,
which is brought down smooth and level DE-MURE'EY,atZu. In a demure manto the ground.
[demure.
ner,
De-mol'ish-er, n. One who demol- De-MURE'NESS, n.
State of being
ishes.
De-mur'rage, n. 1. Detention of a
;

fortress of its bastions,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK.; URN, RUE, PULL

I,

o, silent

<},&,sojl; v, 5, hard; Ag; EIST;

BasNG;

THIS.

DEMURRER

DEPLANTATION

112

denotare, fr. de and notare, to mark.]

by the freighter. 2. Payment
1.
To indicate; to mark.
k. lo
made for such detention.
signify
to mean.
De-mOr'rer, n. 1. One who demurs.
Denouement (d-noo'inong'), n.
2. (Law.) A stop in an action upon
2. solution
[Jf r.]
1. Catastrophe.
a point of difficulty which must be
of a mystery
event.
determined by the court before
DE-NOUNCE',t\ t. [-ED; -I5IG.] [Lat.
further proceedings can be had.
De-my', n.
A size of paper next
deuunciure, from de and nunciare, to
smaller than medium.
announce.] 1. To threaten. 2. To
vessel

Den,

n.

[A.-S.]

1.

cave used for

concealment or security.
a retreat.

Den'a-RY,

a.

cern, ten.]

2.

A haunt

inform against.

De-nounce'ment,
DENSE,

denarius, from deContaiuiug ten tenfold.

[La'

n. Denunciation.
[Lat. densus.] Having the
parts closely united

a.

constituent
close

compact.

[compactness.

Den'si-ty, n. Quality of being dense;

n. The number ten.
De-na'tion-al-ize (-nash'un-), v. t. Dent, n. [A modif. of dint.] Mark
[-ed;-ing.]
To divest of national
made by a blow indentation. v. t.
character or rights.
[-ED -ING.] To make a dent upon
De-nAt'u-ral-jze,^. t. [-ED -ING.]
to indent.
1. To render unnatural.
[Lat. dens, dentis, a
2. To de- Den'tal, a.

Pertaining to the teeth.

Den'TATE, \a. [Lat. dentatus,

Den'DRI-FORM, a. [Gr. SevSpov, a

tree, and Lat. forma, form.] Having Den'ta-ted,)
Toothed

the appearance of a tree.

Den'drTte,m.

[Gr. 6ei/6piTi)s, from

SevSpov, a tree.] A mineral, on or in
which are branching figures.
DEN-DRIT'I,
a. Containing deDEN-DRlT'l-AL, J
lineations which
branch like shrubs or trees.
Den'droid, a. [Gr. SevSpoeiSrjs, from
SevSpov, tree, and elSos, form.]
Resembling a shrub or tree in form.
)

Den-drol'o-gist,

One who

n.

is

acquainted with the natural history

of trees.

Den-drol'o-gy, n:

[Gr. SevSpov, a
Natural
tree, and Aoyos, discourse.]
history of trees.
DEN-DROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. SevSpov,

a tree,

and

measure.]

/xerpov,

An

instrument to measure the height

[denied.
and_ diameter of trees.
DE-Nl'A-BEE, a.
Capable of being
DE-NI'AL,n. 1. Act of denying. 2. A
contradiction. 3. Refusal to grant. 4.

Refusal to acknowledge disavowal.

DE-NI'ER, n. One who denies.
Den'i-ZA'TION, n.
Act of making
:

one a denizen or adopted citizen.

(-zn), n. [Norm. Fr. deins1. An adopted or naturalized
zein.]

DEN'I-ZjEN
ciMzen.
ant.

2.

dweller

De-nom'I-na-ble,

an inhabit-

Capable of be-

a.

ing denominated or named.

De-nom'i-nate,
[Lat.

t.
[-ed -ING.]
denominate, denominatum, fr.
To give a

v.

de and nomen, a name.]

name

to

to entitle

De-nom'i-na'tion,

to designate.

n.

A name,

1.

esp. a general name indicating a clas3

collection
of like individuals. 2.
of individuals called by the same
name ; a sect.
[a denomination.
De-nom'I-na'TION-AL, a. Relating to

De-NOM'i-na-tIEve, a. Conferring or
possessing a denomination or title.
De-nom.'1-na'tor, n.
One who
1.
gives a name.
2. That number
placed below the line in vulgar frac-

dens,
notched.

fr.

tooth.]
[of teeth.

Den-ta'tion, n. Form or formation

DENT'ED, a. Impressed with little
hollows.

[point.

DEN'TI-LE,

Den-t'I'u-LATE,

small projecting
\a. Notchedinto

Den-tk/u-la'ted,

n.

little

tooth-

like projections.

DEN-Ti'u-EA'TlON,

n.
State of being set with small notches.
[Lat. dens, tooth,
a.
&n&. forma, form.]
Having the form
of a tooth.
DEN'TI-FRICE, n. [Lat. dentifricium,
fr. dens, a tooth, and fricare, to rub.]
A powder to clean the teeth with.

DEN'TI-FORM,

Den'TIL,

n.

crown, to be appned

_that

to

[odor.

De-o'dor-jze, v.
De-o'dor-Iz'er,

To deprive of
He who, or

t.

n.

which, deodorizes, [deontology.

De/on-tol'o-gist, n. One versed in

De'ON-toe'o-gy, n. [Gr. Sec, an obligation, and Aoyos, discourse.]
Science of that which is morally binding.
DE-6X'I-DATE, V.t. [-EDJ-ING.] To
deprive of oxygen.
n.
Act or process
of reducing from the state of an oxide,
[deoxidate.
DE-OX'I-DiZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
De-part', v. i. [-ed;-ing.J [Froxn
Lat. de and partire, partiri, to pari?,
divide, distribute.]
1. To go forth
or away.
2. To quit this world
>o

De-ox'i-da'tion,

die.

n.

1.

distinct

portion or course. 2. Subdivision

of business or official duty. 3. Territorial division.
4. Military subdivision of a country.
De-part-ment'al, a. Pertaining to

a department.

De-part'ure

1. Act of de(53), n.
parting. 2. Death. 3. Distance east
or west from the meridian from
which a vessel or course departs.
Syn. See Death.

De-pend',

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

v. i.
depend ere, from de and pcn.de.re, to
hang.] 1. To bang.
2. To be in
suspense.
3. To rely for support.
4. To trust
5. To be in
to confide.
a condition of service.
De-pend'ant, n. See Dependent.
;

A DE-pend'ENCE,

denticulus.]

[Lat.

feited to the
pious uses.

De-part'ment,

tooth.]

nationalize.

square block in cornices.

n.
One who cleans, extracts, repairs, or fills teeth, and inserts artificial ones.
[a dentist.
Den'tisT-ry, n. Art or profession of
Den-ti'tion (-tlsh'un), n. 1. Process of cutting the teeth.
2. System
of teeth peculiar to an animal.
Den'TOID, a. [Lat. dens, tooth, and
Gr. ei8os,form.] Shaped like a tooth.
De-nude', v.t. [Lat. denudare, from
de and nudare, to make naked.] To
make bare or naked ; to strip.

Den'tist,

n.
1. Act or state
of depending or of being dependent
subjection reliance.
2. That which depends.
De-pend'en-cy, n. 1. State of be2. A thing hanging
ing dependent.

concatenation

down. 3. That which is attached

something else. 4. A colony.

to

DEPEND.]

1.

DE-PEND'ENT,a.
Hanging down.
conditioned;

[See

Contingent or

2.

subordinate.

One who depends

n.

1.

a retainer. 2.
That which depends a corollary.
DE-PHLEG'MATE,1>. t. [-ED; -ING.]
Den'U-da'tion, n. 1. Act of making
[Lat. de and phlegma, phlegm, Gr.
bare. 2. The wearing away of rocks,
To deprive of superabun<j>\eyna.]
as by running water.
[nounce.
dant water ;_to rectify.
DE-NiJN'cl-ATE (-shi-at), v. t. To de- Deph'leg-ma'tion, n. Operation of
De-nOn'ci-a'tion (-shl-a'shun), n.
dephlegmating concentration.
1. Act of denouncing.
2.
Public DEPH'LO-GlS'TI-eATE, V. t.
[-ED
menace oraccusation. [denounces.
-ING.] To deprive of phlogiston, or
DE-NUN'ci-A / TOR(-shI-),n. One who
principle
of
supposed
inflammathe
De-nun'ci-a-to-ry (-shi-), a. Conbilitv.
taining a denunciation.
[-ed;-ing.]
[Lat.
De-pict', v. t.
De-ny', v. t. [ed -ING, 142.] [0.
depingere, depictum ; from de and
Eng. denay, Lat. denegare, from de
pingere, to paint.]
1. To form a
and negate, to say no.] 1. To con2. To reppainting or picture of.
tradict.
to describe.
2 To refuse to reject. 3.
resent in words
To withhold. 4. To disown.
DE-P1T'URE (53), V. I. [-ED -ING.]
De-6b'stru-ent, a. Removing ob[From Lat. de and pictura, painting.]
structions'; aperient.
n.
A mediTo paint to picture.
cine which removes obstructions an DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, a.
[From Lat. de;

aperient.
Having
tions,
[denoted.
pilare, to strip of hair.]
De-not'A-ble, a.
Capable of being De'o-dand', n.
[Lat. Deo dandum,
power to remove the hair and make
Den'o-ta'TION, n. Act of denoting.
to be given to God.]
A personal
bald.
De-note', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
chattel given to God, that is, for- De'PLAN-TA'TION, n.
[Lat. deplan;

A, e,

l.o,V,Y, long; A,

&a t 6
}

tJ,Y, short;

CARE,

fab., ask,

ALL,

WHAT; ERE, VEIL, t2EM| PIQUE, FIRM;

s6n,

DEPLETE

DERIDINGLY

113

of deposing or depositing. 2. Act of De-pres'sion (de-preWun), n.

^
Act of depressing. 2. State of being
setting aside a public officer redepressed. 3. A cavity or hollow. 4.
moval. 3. That which is deposited
Humiliation.
5. Despondency. 6.
sediment. 4. {Law.) Testimony in
Embarrassment or hindrance, as of
deplete, depletion, to empty out.] 1.
writing, under oath or affirmation.
Angular
trade,
&c.
7.
distance of a
To empty by venesection. 2. To exAffidavit.
An affidavit is
Syn.
simply a declaration under oath a depcelestial object below the horizon.
haust the strength or resources of.
osition
is the testimony of a witness

Syn.
Reduction
sinking
fall deDe-PLE'TION, n. Act of depleting.
who is unable to attend on a trial. It
jection; melancholy.
De-ple'to-ry, a. Calculated to demust so be taken before a magistrate that De-press'ive, a. Able or tending to
plete._
[ing deplored.
both parties have an opportunity to ask
depress.
questions.
e-plor'a-BLE, a. Worthy of beLiterally, the DE-p6s'i-TOR,n.
Srx.
Lamentable.
One who makes a De-priv'a-ble, a. Liable to be d(v
prived, dispossessed, or deposed.
word lamentable denotes mourning
deposit.
aloud, nnd deplorable, mourning with
1. Act of deDe-pos'i-to-ry, n. Place where any Dep'ri-va'tion, n.
tears. The last is, therefore, the strongest.
2. Loss
want bereavepriving.
thing is deposited for sale or keeping.
DE-PLOti'A-BLE-NESS, n.
State of
ment.
De-pot' (de-pj' or d^po), n.
[Fr.
heing deplorable.
De-prive', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
depot.
1. A wareSee Deposit.]
De-plor'a-bly, adv. Lamentably.
de and privare, to bereave, deprive.]
house a storehouse. 2. A military
De-PLORE', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
2. To
1. To takeaway; to remove.
station. 3. A railway station.
deplorare. from de aud plorare, to cry
dispossess.
3. To divest of office.
out.] To express poignant grief for. Dep'RA-VA'TION, n. "l. Act of deSyx.
To strip bereave rob depraving. 2. State of being depraved
De-plor'er, n. One who deplores.
spoilj debar: abridge.
corruption profligacy.
De-ploy', v. t.
[-ed;-ing.]
De-prjv'ER, n. One who deprives.
[Fr.
deployer, from de, equiv. to Lat. dis, De-prave', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. DEPTH, n.
[From deep.] 1. Quality
depravare, fr. de and pravns, crooked,
and ployer, equiv. to plier, to fold, fr.
2. Profundity
of being deep.
obwicked.]
To
make
bad
or
worse.
Lat. plicare.]
open
extend.
scurity
poignancy
completeness
To
to
Syn.
To corrupt vitiate contamiDep'lu-ma'tion, n. 1. The stripping
darkness lowness. 3. That which
nate: pollute.
or falling off of plumes or feathers.
is deepj^ a deep, or the deepest part.
De-PRAV'I-TY, n. [Lat. de and pravi2. A disease of the eyelids.
Dep'u-rate, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L.
tas, crookedness, perverseness.] State
De-plume', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [From
Lat. depurare, depuratum, fr. Lat.
of being depraved extreme wickedLat. de and plumare, to cover with
de &n&purare, to purify.]
To free
ness.
feathers.] 1. To deprive of plumes
from impurities or feculence, [ing.
Syn.
Depravation
corruption.
or plumage. 2. To lay bare.
Act of depuratDepravity is a disposition or settled Dep'u-ra'tion, n.
tendency to evil; depravation is the art DeP'U-ta'tion, n. 1. Act of appointDe-p5'NENT, a. [Lat. deponens, layor process of making depraved, as, the
ing down (its proper passive meaning a substitute or representative.
depravation of morals. Corruption aping).]
Having a passive form with
2. Person or persons deputed to act
plies to any thing which is greatly vitian active meaning
said of certain
on behalf of another.
ated, as, a corruption of morals, of taste,
of language, &c.
verbs.
De-pute', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
n. [Lat. deponens, laying
deputare, to esteem, in late Lat. to
down (evidence).] 1. One who gives DEP'RE-CATE, V. t.
-ING.]
[-ED
a deposition under oath. 2. A dedestine, allot.]
To appoint as subs[Lat. deprecari, deprecatum, from de
titute or agent
ponent verb.
to delegate.
and precari, to pray.] To pray for
DE-POP'U-LATE, V. t.
Dep'u-ty, n. One appointed as the
[-ED; -ING.
deliverance from to regret deeply.
substitute of another, and empowTo deprive of Dep're-oa'tion, n. 1. Act of dep[0. Fr. depopuler.]
inhabitants to dispeople.
ered to act for him.
recating^ 2. Entreaty for pardon.
De-pop'u-la'TION, a.
g@f- Deputy is used in composition
Act of de- DEp're-ca/tive, a. Deprecatory.
with the names of various executive
populating,
[populates. Dep'RE-oa'tor, n.
One who depreofficers, to denote an assistant empowDe-pop'u-la/TOR, n. One who decates,
[to deprecate.
ered to act in their name.
DE-PORT', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. Dep're-A-to-RY (50), a. Serving De-range', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Fr
deportare, fr. de and portare, to car- De-pre'ci-ate (-shi'at, 95), *
deranger, fr. de, for des, and ranger,
ry.] 1. To transport
to carry away.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. depretiare, deto range, arrange.] 1. To put out of
2. To demean
to behave.
pretiatum; de and pretiare to prize.]
place.
2. To disturb in the action
De'por-ta'tion, n.
Banishment;
To lessen in price or estimated value.
or function. 3. To render insane.
exile; transportation.
Syn. To decry; disparage traduce
Syx.
To disorder embarrass dislower; underrate. See Decry.
De-POrt'ment, n. Manner of dearrange; disturb; ruffle disconcert.
To fall in value to become De-range'ment, n.
v. i.
meaning one's self with respect to
The act of deles$
worth
to
sink
of
in
estimation.
the courtesies and duties of life.
ranging, or the state of being deDe-pre'ci-a'tion (-pre'shi-), n. 1.
8yn.
Carriage; behavior; conduct.
ranged mental disorder.
De-pos_'a-ble, a. Capable of being
Act of lessening reputation, price, or Der'e-LIT, a. [Lat. derelictus, p. p.
deposed.
value. 2. Falling of value.
of derelinquere, to forsake wholly.] 1.
De-POS/AL, n. Act of deposing.
De -pre 'ci- active (-pre'shi-), a. InAbandoned. 2. Abandoning responDe-POSE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr. declined tounderrate.
A thing voluntarily
sibility.
n.
poser, fr. Lat. de and ponere, to put, DEP'RE-DATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
abandoned by its proper owner.
place.] 1. To degrade
[Lat. deprxdari, deprsedatum, fr. de Der'e-lic'tion, n.
to divest of
1. Abandon2. To bear written testimony
office.
and prsedari, to plunder.] 1. To
ment. 2. State of being abandoned.
v. i.
to.
To bear witness.
plunder to despoil. 2. To devour. De-ride', v. t. [-ed -ing.]
[Lat.
De-POS/er, n, One who deposes.
DEP'RE-DA'TION, n. Act of deprederidere, fr. de and ridere, to laugh.]
De-Pos'it, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
dating, or state of being depredated.
To laugh at with contempt.
deponere, depositum.
See supra.] 1. Dep're-da'TOR, n.
One who comSyn. To ridicule mock taunt. -.
To lay down to place to put. 2.
mits depredations.
A man may ridicule without unkindhis object may be to
To lay away for safe keening.
ness of feeling
n. De-press', v. t.
[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
correct. He who derides is actuated by
1. That which is deposed, or laid or
deprimere, depressum, from de and
to
a severe and contemptuous spirit
thrown down. 2. That which is inpremere, to press.]
1.
To press
mock is stronger, denoting open and
trusted to the care of another.
down to cause to sink. 2. To humscoffing derision to taunt is to reproacb
bitter
insult.
with
De-pos/i-ta-RY, n.
One with whom
ble.
3. To cast a gloom upon.
4.
any thing is left in trust a trustee.
To embarrass, as trade, commerce, De-RID'er, n. One who derides.
1. Act
Dep'o-i'tion (-zish/un),^.
&c. 6. To cheapen.
De-rid'ing-ly, adv. In derision.

take off a twig, from de and

planta, plant.]
Act of taking up
plants from beds.
vE-PLETEV--'- [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
tare, to

OR,

JO

wolf, too* SOCIi; urn, rue, pull

o

E,

I,

o, silent

c, G, soft; , 5, hard; As;

EXIST

as

NO

THIS,

DERISION
DE-Rlg'lON (-rizh'un), n.
1. Scornful or contemptuous treatment.
2.

An

ridi-

cule.

Expressing, or char-

a.

[manner.
In a derisive
Capable of being

acterized by derision.
De-ri'sive-ly, adv.

De-riv'a-ble,

a.

derived; inferrible.

Der'I-VA'TION, n.
1. A drawing or
descending from a source. 2. That
which is derived a derivative.
De-rIv'A-tive, a. Derived secondary.
n. That which is derived any
;

thing obtained, or deduced from an,

[ative manner.
other,
DE-RIV'A-tIve-LY, ar/v. In a derivDe-rive', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
derivare, from de and rivus, stream.]
2.
1. To receive as from a source.

trace the origin, descent, or deri-

vation
Syn.
v.

of.

To trace;

deduce; infer; draw.

To flow to proceed.
One who derives.

i.

To go down upon or

t.

along.

(14), n.

value; damaged.

Der'O-GA'TION,

Act of derogatn.
ing, partly repealing, or lessening in
value.

D^-rog'a-TO-ri-LY, adv.
rogatory manner.

De-rog'a-to-ry
lessen in value

DER'RICK,

(50), a.

to

de-

however remote-

tury hence it became

a general term for a
hangman.] A spar supported at the top by
;

posing in parts.
2.

De-SCEND'

(-send'), v. i.
[-ED
-ING.]
[Lat. descendere, fr. de and
scandere, to climb.] 1. To come or
go down in any way. 2. To lower
one's self; to condescend.
3. To
;

more general or imthe particular or more

pass from the

portant to

I,5,U, Y,long;

A.lS.'Sj

undress

Des'ic-cAte, or De-sIc'cate,

v.

t.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. desiccare, desiccatum, from de and siccare, to dry/

To exhaust of moisture: to dry.-

DE-SID'ER-ATE,

De-scent',

1. Act of descending.
n.
Incursion. 3. Progress downward,
as in station, virtue, or the like. 4.
Lineage, birth, extraction.
5. Inclinedor sloping surface.
De-scrib'a-bee, a. Capable of being described.
De-scribe', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
descr.'bere, from de and scribere, to
write.]
1. To form or represent by
2. To sketch in writing of.
lines.
Syn. To delineate recount; nar-

2.

explain

depict
portray.
De-scrib'er, n. One who describes.
De-SCR1'ER, n. One who descries.
De-scrip'tion, n. 1. Act of describing. 2.
sketch of any thing in
words. 3. The class to which a certain representation applies.
;

SrN. Account

relation;'

recital;

detail narrative ; narration

tion ; delineation ; sort.
;

explana-

V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. desiderare, -ratum, to desire, to
miss.] To be sensible of the lack of;
to miss; to desire.
[desire.

De-sid'er-a-tive,

Expressing

a.

De-s1d'e-ra'tum,

n.

de-

pi.

s'id'e-ra'ta. [Lat.] A want generally felt and acknowledged.

De-sign' (-sln'.or -zTn'), v. t. [-ed
-ING.] [Lat. designate, from de and
signare, to mark, mark out.] 1. To
;

sketch for a pattern or model. 2.

To mark out and exhibit to designate. 3. To form a plan of; to contrive.
4. To intend or purpose.
Syn. To sketch delineate plan
project mean.
v. i.
To have a purpose.
n. 1.
Preliminary sketch
a delineation.
2. Preliminary conception
scheme.
3. Contrivance. 4. Object for which
one plans aim intent.
Syn. Intention purpose. Design
has reference to something aimed at; in;

De-scrTp'tIve,

Tending to dea.
scribe; containing description.
[-ed; -ing, 142.]
De-scry', v. t.
Norm. Fr. deserter, to discover, perceive.]
To discover by the eye, as
objects at a distance.
Syn. To behold espy detect dis;

cern.
v.

[-ED; -ing.]

t.

[Lat. desecrare -craturn fr. de and sacrare, to declare as sacred.] To treat

in a sacrilegious manner.
[ing.
Des'e-cra'TION, n. Act of desecratDe-sErt' (14), v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. deserere, desertum, fr. de and
serere, *to join.]
To part fi\,m; to
leave without permission
to run
,

n.

To abandon

relinquish.

See

forsake

leave

Abandon.

my

My

Des'ig-nate,i\
1.
Design.]

make known

t.

[-ed; -ing.] [See

To mark out and

2. To

to indicate.

purpose or duty.
>?.
1. Act of pointSelection and appoint3. Distinctive title appella-

set apart for a

Des'IG-na'tion,
ing out.

2.

ment.

[ignate.
Serving to desa.
(-sin'- or -zTn'-), adv.

tion,

De-sign'ed-ly
By design purposely.
DE-SIGN'ER (-sTn'- or -zin'-),
;

[0. Fr. deserte, desserte.

mer-

recompense.]
That which is deusually in a good sense.
served
Syn. Merit; worth; excellence; due.
DES/ERT, a. Forsaken without lite
it,

n A deserted tract
an unproductive region.
DE-gfiRT'ER, n. One who forsakes
of land

duty, post, or party, or friend.

n. 1. Act of deserting.
State of being deserted.
DESERVE' (14), V. t. [-ED -ING.]

De-er'tion,
2.

[Lat. deservire, to serve zealously, fr.

de and servire, to serve.] To earn
To be
v. i.
by service to merit.
;

worthy of recompense.

De-serv'ed-ly, adv.
desert,

tention (lit., straining after) to the feelings or desires with which it is sought;
purpose to a settled choice or determina" I had no detion for its attainment.
sign to injure you." means, it was no
part of
aim or object. " I had no iutention to injure you," means, I had no
wish or desire of that kind. "
purpose was directly the reverse" makes
the case still stronger.

Des'ig-na'tive,

-ING.] 1. To
To comment.

[-ED

(des'a-btl'), n.
[Fr
dcsitabiUer, to undress.',
a careless toilet.
De-sIc'cant, a.
Drying.
n.
A
medicine that dries a sore.

An

or cultivation.

Des'cant, n. [0. Fr. deschant, from

Lat. dis and cantus, singing.] 1. A
variation of an air. 2. A comment
or comments. 3. (Mvs.) A composition in parts, or the art of comi.

Capable of descending.

2.

descension or descent.

Syn.

Deshabille

De-scen'sion (-sen'shun), n. Act of

v. i.
To become dry.
[ing.
going downward descent.
Des'ic-ca'tion, n. Act of desiccatDe-scen'sion-al, o. Pertaining to De-sic'ca-tive, a. Tending to dry.

quit

extreme poverty.

V.

scent.

de-

suitable
tackle for raising heavy weights.
DER'VIS,
\n. [Per. derwesch, poor.]
Dr'vise, [
Turkish or Persian
DEr'vish, )
monk who professes

sing a variation

an ancestor or source.
DE-scND'l-BLE,a. 1. Admitting

away.

with

DES-CANT',

Proceeding from

a.

an

abbrev. of Theodoric;
the name of a celebrated executioner at Tyburn in the 17th cen-

stays,

De-scend'ent,

DEs'E-CRATE,
Tending

injurious.

[Orig.

n.

In a de-

desiiaOiUe

One who

n.
scends, as offspring,

rate

[Gr. Sep/xa.] Natural

covering of an animal skin.
DErm'al, a. Pertaining to the skin.
Dr.R'Nl-ER, a. [Fr.] Last; final.
DER'O-GATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. derogare, derogatum, from de
and rogare to ask the people about
a law.] 1. To annul in part to restrict.
2. To detract from
to disparage.
To take away.
v. i.
De^'o-gate (45), a. Diminished in

A, E,

v.

I)E-RIV'ER, n.

DERM

ly-

De-rT'sive,

trivial.

De-scend'ant,

object of contempt.
Syn. Scorn; mockery; insult;

To

DESIRE

114

According to
whether good or evil justly.
:

De-erv'er, n. One who deserves.

De-rv'ing-ly, adv. In a deserving manner.

who

n.

One

designs.

De-sIp'i-ent,

a.
[Lat. desipiens. p.
Tripr. of desipere, to be foolish.]
foolish ; sportive.
fling
DE-sm'A-BLE (89), a. Worthy of de[ing desirable.
sire or longing.
DE-IR'A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of be;

De-ire',

v.

[-ed

t.

-ing.

iFr.

desiderare.] 1. To wish
To express a wish for.
Syn. To request. To desire is to

desirer,
for.

\,a.t.

2.

feel a wish or want; to request is to ask

desires food,
for its gratification.

A man

to have it prepared. Desire

be used for request when the relations of the parties are such that the expression of a wish is all that is felt to be
man desires his friend to
necessary.
write often a merchant desires his clerk
to be more careful in future. In this latter case, desire is stronger than request;
it implies a command or injunction.

and requests

may

Q ; tj, Y,sWt; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM PIQUE, FIRM
;

SON,

"\

DESIROUS

n.
good.

2.

request

Any good which

Syn. Wish

is

petition.
desired.

3.

craving

aspiration

longing.

DE-giR'OUS
solicitous

Feeling desire

(89), a.

eager.

[eagerly.
desire;
[Lat.
]
desistere, fr. de and sistere, to stop.]
To cease to proceed or act to for;

De-ir'ous-ly, adv.
De-sIst', v.

With

[-ed

i.

-ing

bear.

De-sIst'ance, n. Act of desisting.

Desk, n. [A.-S. allied to Gr. 8C<tko<;,
a round plate, quoit.] 1. A table
with a sloping top.

Des'MAN

An

(150), n.

amphibious

[-ED -ing.] [Lat.

desoldre, desolatum, from de and sov.

make

t.

1. To deprive
To lay waste; to

lonely.]

of inhabitants.
ravage.

2.

1. Deprived of
(45), a.
inhabitants.
2. Laid waste
ruinous. 3. Left alone solitary.
Syn. Desert uninhabited lonely
;

waste.

Des'o-late-ly, adv.

In a desolate

manner.

Des'O-LA'TION,

n.

Act of laying

1.

waste. 2. State of being laid waste.

A desolate place or country.

3.

De-spair',

v.

[-ed

i.

-ing".]

[Lat.

from de and sperare, tD

To give up all hope to des-

desperare,

pond.

n.

Loss of hope. 2.
despaired of.
Syn.
Desperation
despondency.
De-SPAIR'ING-LY, adv. In a despairing manner.
De-spatch', n. See Dispatch.
Des'per-a'do, n. [0. Sp.] A desperate fellow a madman.

That which

1.

is

Des'PER-ate

(45),

hope despaired
from despair.

a.

1.

Despairing;

Beyond

-ING.] [Lat.
v. i. [-ED
despcndcre, to promise away, to lose
courage.]
To give up to abandon
;

hope

become

to

couragement

De-spond'ent,
given

to,

State of de-

in.

sponding

rash; precipitate;

mad furious frantic.

Des'PER-ate-ly, adv.

In a desper-

manner.
Des'per-A'tion,

dis-

permanent dejection.
Marked by, or
a.
In a de-

In a de-

sponding manner.
lord.]
1. A sovereign invested with
absolute power. 2. A tyrant.
Des-pot'i-g,
a. Having the char-

Des-pot'ic-al,

taining to, a despot

bitrary,

acter of, or pertyrannical ar;

[potic manner.
Des-p5t'I-al-LY, adv. In a desDes'POT -ism, n. 1. Power or prin-

a despot

tyranny. 2.
government directed by a despot.
ciples of

Des'pu-mate,

of hope.

2.

n.

1.

giving

up

State of despair.

Des'PI-CJA-BLE,

[Lat. despicabili.s,
fr. despicari, to despise.]
Deserving
to be despised.
Syn.
Contemptible
mean; vile;
worthless pitiful paltry sordid degrading. See Contemptible.
a.

[Lat. des-

pumare, despumatum, from de and

spumare, to foam, froth.] To throw
off impurities
to form scum.

Des'pi-A-ble-ness,

n.
state of being despicable,

Quality or
[manner.

Des'pi-ga-bly, adv. In a despicable

De-spis_e',

[-EDJ.-ING.]

[Lat.
despicere, to despise, fr. de and spicere, to look.]
To look down upon
i\ t.

with_ contempt.
De-spis/er, n. One who despises.
De-spite', n.
[0. Fr. despite, from
Lat._ despec tics, contempt ] Extreme
malice,; malignity.
prep. In spite
of; notwithstanding.

De-spite'ful,

mate, to scale

off.]
Separation of
the cuticle in the form of scales.
(dez-zerf, 14), n. [Fr. dessert, fr. desservir, to clear the table ]
A service of pastry, fruits, &c, at
the close of an entertainment.
Des-TEM'per, n.
[Fr. detrempe,
Dis-TEM'PER, J
from Lat. dis, and
temperare, to temper.]
A peculiar
sort of painting with opaque colors.

Des-srt'

Des'TI-NA'TION,

Predetermined

n. 1.

end, object, or use.

point aimed at.

2.

Place or

Des'tine,

v. t.
[-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.
destinare, fr. de and the root stan-o,
allied to Gr. larav-oi, lit. to set, to
make fast.] 1. To set apart by design or intention.
2. To establish

manner.
De-spoil', v. t. [-ed
spiteful

Syn. To design intend devote

doom. We may speak of goods as destined to a certain port, and of a ship as
bound thither. We may also speak of a
city as destined to become a great com-

-ing.] [Lat.

emporium but to say it is

to become so, or that a
is
to succeed in life, is a gross abuse

mercial

bound
bound

man

Bound always implies

of language.

some obligation

or engagement; and yet

the above use of the word is common in
some parts of our country, and is finding its way into our newspapers.

Dfis'TI-NY, n.

1.

doom.

2.

Foreordained conThe power con-

ceived of as determining the future.

DES'TI-TUTE

[Lat. dfStitll(30), a.
ere, destitutes, to leave alone, to for-

sake.]
;

to

waste.

1.

Needy

OR DO, YVQLE, TO0 3 SOOlLj URN RUE, PULL

In want

poor

E,

I,

2.

de

pull
to lay

Syn.
To demolish; consume; ruinj
overthrow subvert annihilate kill.
;

One who destroys.

De-struo'ti-bIl'i-ty,

Quality

n.

of being capable of destruction.

a.
Liable to de-

De-struc'ti-ble,
struction.

n.
1. Act of de2.
State of being destroying.
stroyed. 3. Destroying agency.
Demolition subversion overSyn.
throw; extinction extermination.
De-strug'tive, a. Causing destrucOne who detion
ruinous.
n.
stroys a radical reformer.
1. QualiDE-STRU-e'TiVE-NESs, n.
ty of destroying. 2. Faculty which
impels to acts of destruction.

Des'U-DA'TION, n. [Lat. desudatio.,

from de and sicdare, to sweat.] A
copious sweating.
[Lat.
(des'we-, 53), n.
desuescere, to become

fr.

unaccustomed.]

Cessation of use

disuse.

Des'ul-to-rt-LY, adv. In a desultory manner.

Des'ul-to-ry, a. [Lat. desultorius,
fr.

desultor,

a leaner.] Leaping from

to another, without order

or rational connection.
Syn. Imrnethodical; discursive; disconnected; inconstant; cursory; loose.
De-tach', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr.
detacher, from de, des, and the roo^
of Eng. tack, to fasten.] 1. To part;
to disunite.
2. To separate for a
special object or use.
De-tach'Ment, n. 1. Act of detaching. 2. State of being detached.
3. A body of troops or part of a fleet
detailed for special service.
De-tail', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Fr.

one thing

detailler, to

de and

cut up in pieces, from

tailler, to cut.]

ularize.

2.

To appoint

To particfor a partic-

1.

ular service, as an officer, a troop, or

a squadron.

De'tail, or De-tatl' (114), n.

minute portion a particular.

1.

2. Selection for a particular service of a

person or company hence, the person or company so selected.
De-tain', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
detinere, fr. de and tenere, to hold.]
2. Tore1. To keep back or from.
strain from proceeding. 3. To hold
in custody.
;

irrevocably.

dition

Full of despite
malicious malignant.
De-spite'ful-ly, adv.
In a dea.

To

To put an end

DEs/pu-ma'tion, a.
Separation of
scum; clarification.
DES'QUA-MA'TION, n. [Lat. desqua-

1.

down.

desuetudo,

ate

to pile up.]

A Des'ue-tude

De-spu'mate

or

[-ED; -ING.]

(117),t'.?'.

[Gr. Seo-Trorns, master,

n.

destrv.ere, fr.

and. struere

De-strOg'tion,

despondence.

spondent manner.

Des'POT,

Eng. distruye, Lat.

De-stroy'er,

dispirited.

De-spond'ence,
De-SPOND'en-CY,

ing.

De-spond',

Des'ti-tu'tion, n. State of being

destitute want poverty.
De-stroy', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [0.
;

Proceeding

2.

of.

Syn.

De-SPOIL'er, n. One who despoils.

De-spo'li-a'TION, n. Act of despoil-

Des'o-late

hope.]

To

spoliare, to strip.]

De-spond'ing-ly, adv.

animal.

Des'O-LATE,
lare, to

despollare ;
and
strip or divest, as of clothing.
To rob bereave rifle.
Syn.

de

De-spond'ent-ly. adv.

Pulpit.

2.

DETECTER

115

Eagerness to obtain any

1.

deficient.

indigent.

o, silent

2.

Syn.

To

withhold

stay; retard; delay

retain

step*

hinder.

De-tain'der, n. A writ. See Detinue.

De-tain'er, n. 1. One who detains,
2. Detention of what is another's.
De-TEGT', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
detegere, detectum. fr. de and tegerc,
to cover.]
To uncover; to bring tc
light

to expose.
n.

De-tect'er,

One who

C,G, soft; e,G,,kardi Agi EXIST; N as

detects.

NG THIS
;

DETECTION
De-tec'tion,
discovery.

De-tect'iVE,

Fitted for, or employed in, detecting.

n. A policeman whose business is to detect
rogues.
[which, detects.
De-TET'OR, n. One who, or that
De-TEnt', n. That which locks or
unlocks a movement, as the wheel"
work in the striking part of a clock.
3De-Ten'tion, n. 1. Act of detaining; a withholding.
2. Confinement; restraint; delay.

De-tr'
138.]

a.

(14), v.

[-red; -ring,
fr. de and terTc prevent by

t.

[Lat. detetrerc.

rere, to frighten.]

hence, to hinder, cr prevent

by opposing motives.
De-terge', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
detergere, fr. de and tergire, to rub
fear

To cleanse

off.]

De-tr'gent,
ing.

n.

to purge away.
a.
Cleansing: purgmedicine that cleanses
;

the vessels or the skin.

De-te'ri-o-rate

(89), v.

[-ed

t.

[Lat. deteriorate, -ration, fr.

dcterior, worse.]
To make worse.
To grow worse; to degenerate.
i\t,

-ING.]

De-te'ri-o-ra'tion,

n.
State of
growing, or of having grown, worse.
n.
1. Act of deter-

DE-TER'MENT,
ring.

2.

That which

De-ter'mi-na-ble,

deters.

Capable of

a.

being determined.

De-tr'mi-nate
defined limits

Conclusive

2.

(45), a.

decisive.

De-ter'mi-nate-ly, adv.
ly

Having

1.

established.

Definite-

distinctly.

De-tEr'mi-na'tion,

n.
1. Act of
determining, or state of being deter2. Termination.
3. Tenmined.
dency to a certain end. 4. Result of
deliberation.
5. Decision of mind.
Syn. Decision resolution. Decision is a cutting short, and supposes energy and promptitude; determination is
the settling of a thing with a fixed purpose to adhere resolution is a spirit to
face danger or suffering in carrying out
one's determinations. Luther was distinguished for his prompt decision, stead;

fast determination,

and

inflexible reso-

lution.

De-ter'MI-na-tive

a.

Having pow-

er to determine.

DE-TER'MINE,

V.

t,

[Lat. determinate,
nate, to limit.] 1.

fr.

[-ED; -ING.]
de and termi-

To mark

off

and

2. To bring to an end.
the form or character of.
fix the course of. 5. To ascer-

separate.
3.
4.

To
To

fix

6. To resolve on.
to a decision
to re[as a sore.
De-TER'SION, n. Act of cleansing,
De-tr'sive, a. Having power to
free from offending matter; cleansing.

tain definitely.
v. i.
solve,

To come

IDe-test', v.

t.
[-ed -ing.] [Lat.
to curse while calling a
deity to witness to execrate.] To
;

detestati,

or dislike extremely.
r
Syn.
Hate ; abhor
abominate
Hate is generic.
lonthe.
We nhhor
what is repugnant to our sensibilities or
feelings; we detest what contradicts our

hsBJte

a, e,

i,

5, u, y, long;

DEVISE

moral principles. What we ahominatc

does equal violence to our religious and
moral sentiment;-; what we loathe is offensive to our nature, and excites uumingled disgust.
De-test' a-ble, a. Worthy of being

yap.Ca, fr. Sevrepos, second,

fAos,

Sy>'.

ly

Abominable

DeVes-ta'tion,

Very hateful-

Extreme hatred or

TION, n
like

De'tes-Ta'-

or

dis-

abhorrence.

De-throne',

v.

[-ed;-ing.] To

t.

drive from a throne

DE-THRONE'MENT,

to depose.

n.

Removal from

[tained.
a throne deposition.
Det'i-ntje, n. A person or thing deDET'O-NATE,^. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
detonate, -alvm, to thunder down
or away.] To explode with a sudden
To cause to explode.
report.
1\ t.
DET'O-NA'TION, n. Explosion by the
inflammation of combustible bodies.
Det'o-nize, v.t. [-ed; -ing.] To
cause to explode to burn with an
To explode; to
explosion.
v. i.
;

DeU-TOX'IDE,m.

DE-VEL'OP-MENT,
De-vest',

v. t.
[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
deveslite, to undress ]
1. To divest.
2.To_alienate, as title or right.
De'VI-ATE, v. i. [-ED -ing.] [Lat.
;

deviate, -at urn fr. de and viare. to

To turn aside from a
go, travel. J
course or direction.
To swerve; stray; digress; deSyn.
,

a circuitous way.

[-ed -ING.] [Lat.

v. t.
detrahete, detractum, fr. de and tta1.
To take away. 2.
hete, to draw.]
To take credit or reputation from.
To decry disparage depreciSyn.
ate; abuse; vilify; traduce.
To remove a part to take
v. i.

_part ;_dcflect

divisus, to distinguish.]

Det'ri-MENT,

n. [Lat. detrimentum,
from detctete, to rub or wear away.]
That which injures diminution.
Syn. Injury loss damage hurt
;

Causing det[ing away.

a.

injurious.
wearDe-TRI'tion (-trish'un),?!.
De-tri'tus, n. [Lat.] A mass of
substances worn off frorn solid bodie".
De-TRUDE', v t [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
dnni'dete, from de and ttudere, to
thrust.] To push down with force.
;

DE-TRUN'CATE,

V.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

[Lat. detruncate, -catum, fr. de and

truncate, to maim, by cutting off.]
To shorten by cutting to lop. [off.
De'trun-ca'tion, n. Actof cutting
DE-TRU'giON, n. 1. Act of thrusting

DEVJL
1.

2.

The

2.

An

evil

A machine

for tearing or
materials, as cotton,
wool, &c. 4. A very wicked person.
5- An errand boy or youngest apprentice in a printing office, [treme.
Dev'jl-Ysh, a. Wicked in the exSyn.
Diabolical infernal hellish
3.

satanic; fiendish.

Dev'ZL-try,
nant

Diabolism; malig-

n.
mischief.

DE'VI-otJS,
via,

waj

line.

2.

common

[Lat. devivs; de and

Out of a straight

a.
.]

1.

Going out of the right or

course

erring.

De'vi-OUS-ly, adv.

a card or a

evil one, Satan.

cutting raw

slipping of one por-

tion of a substance over another.

v.
1. TFr. deux, two.] Two
2.
die with two spots.
[Amor, dux, tenz, phantom, specter.]
An evil spirit the devil
Deu'ced (60), a. Devilish; exces[Loiv.]
sive.
DEU'TER-OG'A-MY, n. [Gr. SevTepo-

Deuce,

The

spirit.

down.

Aeon,

rogatory.

mischief; barm.

1.

trivance a stratagem.
2. An her.
aldic motto, connected with an emblematic picture.
3. Invention
genius.
Syx. Contrivance. A device implies more of invention
a contrivance
more of skill in manipulation.
The
former word is often used in a bad
sense; the latter almost always in a good
one, as a crafty device, a useful contrivance.
(dev'l), n.
[A.-S. deofl, Gr.
6\a/3oAos, the devil, the slanderer.]

Act of depreciating another, from envy or malice.

De-TRAT'OR, n. One who detracts.
De-tract'o-RY, a. Defamatory de-

riment

err.

n.
1. A wardering
from one's course. 2. State of hav
ingdeviated error.
DE-VICE', n.
[From Lat- dividere,

De'VI-a'tion.

away reputation.
De-TRA'tion, n.

DET'Rl-MENT'AL,

n.
Act of deseries of progressive

veloping;
changes.

DETOUR

DE-TRACT',

view by degrees.

detonate.

[Gr. Sevrepos, the.

second, and Eng. oxide.]

A compound of two equivalents of oxygen
with one of a base.
DEV'AS-TATE, or DE-VAS'TATE, Vt.
[-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. devastate,
-tatum, from de and vastare, to lay
waste.] _To lay waste to desolate
DEV'AS-TA'TION, n. Act of devastating, or state of being devastated.
DE-VEL'OP, v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [Fr.
dcveloppet, fr. de and 0. Fr. volupet,
from Lat. volup, vohipe, agreeably;
hence, orig. to make agreeable or
comfortable by enveloping, to keep
snug.] To uncover
to disclose to
unfold gradually
to lay open to

De-tort', v.t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lnt.detotquere, -tottum,fr.dea.Tid torquere,

pervert; to wrest.
n.
Act of detorting,
or state of being detorted.
(da'toor'),i. [Fr.] A turn-

[Gr. Aetmrpo-

from SevTepos, second, and

Fifth book of the Pen,
tateuch, containing the second gr
ing of the law by Moses.
v6p.os, law.]

To
to twist.]
De-tor'tion,

n.

vofxiov,

execrable.

abominably.

ana ya
second marrutge.

marriage.]

DEU'TER-ON'O-AlY,

detested.

De-TEST'a-BLY, adv.

ing

fixed

11G

Act of detecting;

n.

In a devious
[devised.

mariner.

De-VIS/a-BLE,
De-vise', v. t.

Capable of being

a.

[-ed:-ing.]

1.

To

form in the mind to strike out by

thought.
2. To plan or scheme
3. To give by will, as real estate.
;

Ki&iisO^it'Shott; care, far, ask, all, what; ere veil TEniw; pique, fIrm; s6n,
,

DEVISEE
r.

To form a scheme

n.

plan.
estate

by a

ment.

3.

to lay a
real
will or testa:

will

2.

Property given by

will.

whom

a de-

Dev'I-sjee',

address ;
adroitness
tact
cleverness; aptness; aptitude.
DEX'TER-oDs, a. 1. Read., and ex-

Act of giving

1.

One

re.

to

pert in tae use of the body. 2.

Quick at inventing expedients. 3.
Done with dexterity.
Syx. Adroit; expert; skillful; clev-

is

er; apt;

[session
De-void', a. Destitute not in pos(dev-wor 7 ), re. [Fr., fr. Lat.
<ltbert y to owe.] Duty ; service owed

'

hence, due respect

Dev'o-eu'tion,
down.

2.

n.

compliment.
1. Act of rolling

passing or falling upon

a successor.

De-VOLVE',

v.

[-ED

t.

-ING.] [Lat.

and volvere, to roll.]

onward or downward. 2.

rfevolvere, fr. de
1.

To

To

transfer

roll

from one person

to

an-

to evil.

3.

To

a. Pertaining to, or
in, devotiou.
. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

De-voub',
devorare,

seize
appropriate. 3.
ity.

Syx.

manner.
Dl-A'0-NAL, a. [See DEACON.] Perbolical

Dl'A-eous'TlC,

hear through.]
science of refracted sounds.

DPa-cous'tics, n. sing.
Science
which treats of the properties of
sound refracted by passing through
different mediums.

annihilate.

dicating
guished.

devout.

Dew (30).

[A.-S. deaw.] Moisture

re.

from the atmosphere condensed by

upon

cool bodies
t.

[-ED

-ING.]

Dew'-drop,

re.

De Wi-ness,

re.

DeWlap,

their surfaces.

v.

To wet with dew.

A drop of dew.
State of being dewy.

[From dew and lap, to

lick.]
Flesh hanging from the
throats of oxen, which laps the dew
re.

in grazing.

Dew'-point, re.
Temperature
which dew begins to form.
DEW'Y(d3/v), a
dew.

1.

at

Covered with

Pertaining tn, or resembling, dew.

[posed to left.
Dex'ter, a. [Lat.] Right, as opDex-ter'i-ty, n. 1. Readiness and
grace in physical activity. 2. Mental activity and expertness.

OR, do,

i/cos,

2.

wolf, TOO, *6c:i;

fjRII,

SiatcpirStajcpt-

fr.

distinguish.] Into be distin-

something

DE-VOUR'ER, re. One who devours.

Dl'A-DEM, re. [Gr.
De-vout', a. [SeeDEVOTE.] 1. Pito bind round.]
ous reverent. 2. Expressing piety.
[ner.
3. Hearty
earnest.
De-vout'Ly, adv. In a devout manDe-vout'ness,. re. Quality of being

[Gr.

a.

To waste; destroy;

alty ; a crown.
eignty.

Dl-iER'E-SIS,
Dl-ER'E-SIS,

11.;

SidS-qp-a. fr. SiaSeiv,

A badge of royRoyalty sover-

1.

2.

Di-^R'E-SES,

1
.

or DI-ER'E-SE. [Gr.
Siapelv, to divide, Lat.
[] over the second of two adjacent vowels, to denote that they are to be pronounced
as distinct letters, as, aerial.
Dl'AG-JVd'sis, re. [Gr. Sidyvaivis fr.
SiayiyvixiaKeiv , to distinguish.] Determination of a disease by means of
distinctive characteristics.
DPAG-nSs'tic, a. Pertaining to, or
furnishing, a diagnosis.
n Symptom by which a disease is known.
DT-ag'o-nal, a. [Gr.
Siayuivios, from angle to angle, fr. Sid,
through, and y<ov La,
Diagonal,
an angle.] Joining
two not adjacent angles, and dividing the figure into two parts ; cross)

Siaipecris, fr
diieresis.]

A mark

"=

ing at an angle with one of the sides.

RUE, PUEL

right line from one angle to

[direction.
another not adjacent.
re.

DI-AG'O-NAL-LY, adv. In a diagonal

Dl'A-GRAM, n. [Gr. Sidypafx/j-a. fr. Siaypd(f>etv, to

mark out by

e,

I,

o, silent

C,G,

soft;

lines.]

1.

figure to illustrate a statement, or

2. Any
facilitate a demonstration.
illustrative outline or drawing.
DI'a-graph, n. [^ee Diagram.]

An

instrument used in perspective.

Di'AE, w. [L. Lat. dialis, daily, fr. Lat.
dies, day.] 1. An instrument to show
the time of day from the shadow of a
style.
2. The graduated face of a
time-piece.

Dl'A-LEeT.

re.
[Gr. SidKeuro?, fr. Siadiscourse.] 1.
Aeyeiv, to converse
;

Language; tongue.
of a language.
Di'A-lec'tio,
Di'A-LEC'Tic-AL,

2.

a.

Di'A-LEC-Ti'ciAN
logician

Local form
Pertaining

1.

to a dialect.
logical.
(-tish'an), re.

Pertaining to dialectics

2.

a reasoner.

[Gr. SioAe*That branch of

TtKTj (sc. Texfr]}.]
of reawhich
teaches
the
rules
logic
[structing dials.
soning,
Di'al-ing, 11. Science or art of conspeaker in a
Dl-AL'O-GIST, re. 1.
writer of dialogues.
dialogue. 2.
n. sing.

la. Relating to,

Dl-Al/0-GlST'I,
Di-AL/O-GIST'IC-AL, j or having the
[dialogue.
form of, a dialogue.
Di-al'O-gIze, v. i. To discourse in

Dl'A-LOGUE
fr.

[Gr. Sioncoveiv, to
Pertaining to the

a.

1.

To

2.

ly.

[Gr. StajSoAucos.

a.

and vorare, to eat

To consume raveuous- Dl'A-CRlT'KJ,
on and destroy or Dl'A-eRIT'IC-AL,
veiv, to separate,
To enjoy with avid-

de

fr.

greedily.]

[Fr

from

taining to a deacon.
!

estness.

used

re.

sorcery

a bigot.

De-vo'tion-al,

SeeDEVlE.] Perj
taining to, rese i.bling, or appropridevilish.
the
devil
ate to,
Dl'A-BOL're-AL-LY, adv. In a dia-

Pertaining to,
or afflicted with,

Di'A-BOL're-AL,

1.

a.

mischief.

Affection; e?p..
feelings toward God implied in acts
of worship. 2. Act of devoutness.
3. Object of affection.
Consecration devoutness; reSyx.
ligiousness*
piety
attachment ; earn-

sum, toward the

(de-;Wla-rG'),

DPA-BdL're,
re.

especially to religion

Dl'A-LEC'TICS,

Diablerie

State of being
devoted addictedness.
Dev'O-tee', re. One wholly devoted,
re.

right, fr. dexter, right, and versus,

vorsus, turned.] Rising from right
[ous.
to left, as a spiral line
Dex'trous, a. Same as DexterDlJY (da.), re. [Turk, dai, orig. a maternal uncle.]
Governor of Algiers.
DPa-BE'tes, re. [Gr. Sia/3TjTrj?, fr.
disSiafZaiveiv, to pass through.]
ease attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of urine.

Dl-AB'J.ER-Y (de<Wler-y),
d table, devil.]
Deviltry

direct

tine^ consign.

DE-VO'TION,

DEX'TRORSE,

dextror-

[Lat.

a.

diabetes.

the attention of wholly or chiefly.

Syx. To addict; consecrate; des-

De-vot'ed-ness,

DT'A-BET'IC,
Dl-A-BET'I-AL,

To doom

Dex-TROR'SAL,

other; to hand down.

v. i.
To
pass by transmission or succession.
De-vote', v. t. [-ed -iss.] [Lat.
devovere, devotum, fr. de and vovere,
to vow.] 1. To appropriate by vow.
2.

In a dexter-

ous manner.
j

Devoir

handy.

DExter-ous-ly, adv

tor,

[inventor.
made,
De-vis'ER, re. One who devises an
De-v"is'OR (127). re. One who devises
or gives real estate by will a testavise

DIAMOND

117

Skill

Syx.

[Gr. Sidkoyos,
(-log), re.
1.
8ia\eye<r0cu, to converse.]

formal conversation between two or

more. 2. A composition in which
two or more persons are represented
as conversing.
[Gr.SidA.v<n?, from
Siakveiv, to psrt asunder ] {Med.)
solution of con(a.) Debility, (b.)
tinuity.
Dl'A-MAG-NET'IC, a.
[Gr.
Sid,
through, or across, and p.ayvy]Tr\<;
magnet.] Pertaining to the phenomena of diamagnetism.
n. Any sub-

DI-AL'Y-sis,n.

stance which in a field of magnetic

force is differently affected from the
ordinary magnetic bodies.
DPA-mag'net-ism, n. That form of
magnetic action which characterizes

diamagnetic bodies.

Dl-AM'E-TER,
Sid,

[Gr. Siafxerpos, fr

re.

through, and

/u.eV-

1. A
pov, measure.]
right line through the/
center of a figure or

body, and terminated

by the opposite boundaries. 2. Width; thick- Diameter,
ness.

DPa-mEt'RKT,

Di'a-met'ric-al,

2.

to

1.

Dl'A-MET'RIC-AL-LY, adv.
a

Relating

a diameter.

Directly adverse.

diametrical

rectly

direction

In
di-

Dl'A-MOND

(or

dl'mund),

re.

[Corrupt, from Lat. adamas,

-mantis. Gr. aScutas, -pai-ros,
steel, diamond.] 1. A mineral
remarkable for its hardness

,&,hard; As; EXIST; N osNG; this

DIAPASON

DIFFERENTIATION

118

crystallized carbon. 2. A geometrical figure a lozenge.

3. One of a
suit of playing cards. 4. The smallest kind of type.
;

DIb'ber,
Dib'ble,

n.

pointed hand instru-

ment, to make holes for

DI DST Second person imperfect of Do.

To DIE, .*. [DIED; DYING.] [kel. deyct,

planting seeds, &c.

DlB'BLE,

[-ED; -ing.] 1.
v. t.
plant with a dibble. 2. To make
holes in, as with a dibble.
DI'A-PA'SON, n. [Gr. SiaTraa-iav, from DICE, n. ; pi. of Die. A game. See
Die
v. i.
To play with dice.
Sid, through, and 7raow, gen. pi. of
was, all.] 1. The octave or interval Dic'er, n. A player at dice.
which includes all the tones. 2. Har- Di'CHRO-'lSM, n.
[Gr. Si'xpoos, twocolored.]
Property of presenting difmony. 3. One of certain stops in the
organ, extending through the scale
ferent colois by transmitted light,
when viewed in two different direcof the instrument.
This line

is

printed in the type called

Diamond.

Dl'A-PER,

[Fr. diaper, diaspre,

n.
jaspe, variegated, L. Lat. diaspra, a
kind of costly stuff, fr. Lat. jaspis,
a green-colored precious stone. See
Jasper.] 1. Figured linen cloth,
for towels, napkins, &c. 2. A towel
or napkin; an infant's breech-cloth.
3.

Paneling

up with arabesque

filled

tions.

Di'HRO-M%T'l,a.
[Gr. Sixpwp.0?,
Having er producing
two-colored.]
two colors.
DIck'er, n. [Lat. decuria, a division
of ten,

decern, ten.]

fr.

2.

&c.

ures,
per on.

Pellucid; transparent.
Di'A-phon'ICS, n. sing. [Gr. Sid,

through.]

through, and <p<avri, a sound, tone.]

Doctrine of refracted sound.

DI'A-PHO-RE'SIS,
<ri?, fr. &ia(j>opeZv,

n.
[Gr. Sia<p6pvto carry through.]

Augmentation of the insensible perspiration

freq. form of dicere, to

tare, -tat mi
say.] 1. To state, or utter, for another to reduce to writing. 2. To deliver to a subordinate, as a command.
Syn.
To suggest; prescribe; enjoin;
urge; admonish.
i

deliver or communicate
n.
An authoritative
principle.
rule or
Syn. Command order; injunction.
v. i. To
commands.

a.

Capable

of

increasing the insensible perspiration.

DI'A-pho-rt'1, n.
A medicine
which promotes insensible perspira)

fainter or imperceptible.
Syn. To cxpiie decease; perish;
depart; vanish.
ii.
[Fr. de, fr. Lat. dare, to give,
to throw.]
1. [pi. dice.]
small
cube used in gaming. 2 Any email
;

cubical body. 3. [pi. dies.] Cubical part of a pedestal, between its

base and cornice. 4. A piece of n.eta)
on which a device is cut for stamping money, medals, &c.

Same

n.

as

Diuresis.

[Lat. diveta, Gr. hiano

of living.]
1.
Habitual
food. 2. Course of food selected with
reference to health. 3. [L. Lat. diet a,
dixta, an assembly, from Lat. dies,
day.] A legislative or administrative
,

manner

assembly,

v.

feed esp. to
sparingly, or
V. i. To eat
to prescribed
;

Dl'ET-A-RY,
rules of
food.

[-ED;-ING.] To

l.

cause to eat and drink

by prescribed rules.
sparingly, or according
rules.

Pertaining to diet, or
n.
Allowance of

a.

diet.

DI'E-TET'IC,
Di'E-TET'it'-AL,

Pertaining

a.

diet,

or

to

to

the

rules for diet.

Dl'E-TET'ICS, ii. sing. That part of

the medicine which relates to diet.
Dl-TA'TION, ii. Act of dictating.
[-ED
-ing.]
[Lat.
Dl-TA'TOR. iu 1. One who dictates. DlF'FER, v. i.
from dis andferre, to bear ]
differre,
2 One invested with absolute auto be unlike.
1. To disagree
2. To
thority^
have a difference or quarrel.
DlC'TA-TO'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to, or
;

Syn.

characteristic of, a dictator.

tion.

Di'a-phragm

(-fram), n.

[Gr. Sia$pay|u.a,fr. 8i.a(j)payvyyat, to fence by

a partition wall.]
1.
dividing
membrane or thin partition. 2.
The muscle that separates the chest

from the abdomen midriff.

Dl'A-RtsT, . One who keeps a diary.
;

Di'AR-rhe'a
Dl'AR-RHCE'A

(-r5'a), n.

pota,

fr.

[Gr. rkapSiappeiv, to

flow through.] A morbidly frequent

evacuation of the intestines.

Di'ar-rht'I,

Dl'AR-RHCET're,
Dl'A-RY, n. [Lat.
(

A
;

1. To cease to
2. To become lost or extinct.
To sink; to faint. 4. To grow

live.

3.

Di'a-pho-ret'I.
Di'A-PHO-RET'IC-AL,

Producing diarrhea. or a purging.

diarium, from dies,
a,

register

of daily

occur-

a journal.

Di-AS'TO-LE,

[Gr. Siao-roM), fr.

1. Dilatation of the heart. 2. A figure by
which a syllable naturally short is
made long.
Jfcl-ATH'E-Sis, n. [Gr. 6*ia0e<ris, fr.
SiaTiOevai to place separately, to arrange.] Bodily condition that predisposes to a particular disease.
Dl'A-TON'lC, a. [Gr. Sia-rovi/cos SiaTeiveiv, to stretch out.]
Pertaining
to the scale of eight tones, the eighth
n.

fiiao-TeAAeii/, to separate.]

A false shirt-bosom. 3. A gentleman^ shirt-collar.

DICTATE, v. t. [-ED -ing.] [Lat. die2.

DI'A-PHA-ne'1-ty, n. Quality of being diaphanous.

Dl-APH'A-NoiJS, a.
[Gr. 8ia<pavr)<;,
from 8i.a<f>aiveiv, to show, or shine

day.]
rences

hides or
chaffering exchange of

small wares.
v. i. To barter.
and painting, or with carving,
n.
1.
A seat behiud a
v. t. 1. To diversify with fig- DlCK'EY,
carriage, for servants, &c.
2. To put a dia- DlCK/Y,
as cloth.
J

gilding

deyja, Goth, divan.]

Kiunber Di-er'e-sis,
Dl'ET, n.

1.

of ten, particularly, ten

skins.

dip, and dab.]

certain bird that
dives into the water.

of which is the octave of the first.

Dl'A-TRIBE, n. [Gr. SiaTpijSe, fr. SiaTpt/3eiv, to rub away, spend time.]
An invective harangue

Syn. Absolute;

imperious;

over-

bearing.

Dic-tA'tor ship,
of

office,

n.

Office, or

term

of a dictator.

Dic-ta'tress, ii. A female

DlC-TA'TRIX,
tor.
DlC'TlON, n. [Lat. dictio, from
I

dicta-

dicere,

Choice of words; manner

to say.]

of expression.

Style reSyn.
Style; phraseology.
lates both to language and thought; diction, to language only; phraseology, to

the mechanical structure of sentences,

or the mode in which they are phrased.
The style of Burke was enriched with all
the higher graces of composition; his
his
diction was varied and copious
phraseology, at times, was careless and
;

cumbersome.

Die'TlON-A-RY, n.
[N. Lat. dictionarium, from dictio. See supra.] A
book in which words are alphabetically arranged and explained
a
lexicon a word-book
Die'TUM, n. ; pi. dIc'ta. [Lat ,fr.
;

dicere,

An

to

say.]
saying or assertion.

Did, imp. of Do.

Dl-DAC'TIC,
)
Dl-DA'TI-AL,

authoritative

TGr. SiSaKTucos,
from SiSdo-Keiv, to
(
teach.]
Fitted or inclined to teach
preceptive.
[of teaching.
Art or science
Di-dXc'tics, n. sing.
DlD'AP-PER, n.
[For dip-dabbe.r, fr.
a.

A,E,I,6,U, Y, long} AjEjIjOjtijY^/iOr*; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

fer
as,

Differ with

with

; differyiow. Difused in reference to opinions,

is

with my friend on that

In all other cases, expressing
simple unlikeness, differ from is used,
as, "These two persons or things differ
entirely. from each other." This distinction is fully established in England, and.

"I

differ

point."

America.

to a great extent, in

DlF'FER-ENCE,

1.

ii.

State of being

Disagreement in opinion; dissension, or cause of dissen2.

different,

sion.

Characteristic quality.

3.

Syn. Distinction; dissimilarity;

versity; contrariety:

riance;

v.t.

di-

disagreement; va-

dispute; controversy

[-ED; -ING.]

quarrel.

Tocauseto

differ.

DlF'FER-ENT,
same.

2.

Distinct; not the

a. 1.

Unlike

Dif'fer-en'tial,

dissimilar.
a.
1. Creating a

difference; discriminating; spetial.

2. (Meclt.) {a. > Differing in amount or
in the producing force, (b.) Intended
to produce or indicate difference of

motion or

effect.

Differential culcvlvs, one of the higher

branches of mathematics.
n. An increment, usually an indefinitely small one, given to a variable quantity.

D'iVfer-en'ti-ate

(-shi-nt), v.

t.

Tc

obtain the differential, or differential

co-efficient, of._

DlF'FER-EN'TI-A'TION (-sh i-a/shun ),

1. Act of distinguishing a thing,
n.

ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM; s6n,

;:

DIFFERENTLY
by giving

its

specific difference.

2.

Act of differentiating.

DIf'fer-ent-ly, adv. In a
manner.
DlF'Fl-OULT,

different

[Lat. difficilis, dif-

a.

being difficult. 2. Something di.iicult.

disagreement.
3. A controversy
;

Dif'fi-dence, n. A being diffident

want of confidence in one's self.

Bashfulness

modesty;

pr.

of

[Lat. diffidens, p.
to distrust.]
1.

a.

diffidere,

Wanting confidence in others. 2.

Wanting confidence in one's self.
DlF'FI-DENT-LY, adv. In a diffident
manner.
DlF-FRAGT', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
diffringere, diffractum, to break in

To break or separate into

pieces.]

per titles
Justinian.
Compendium
Syn.
abridgment pandect.

summary

parts.

DlF-FRA'T!ON,

n.

and

Deflection

decomposition of light in passing by

the edges of opaque bodies or through

narrow slits.
DlF-FUSE', v. t.

A strong, closed vessel, for gradually

dissolving bones or other substances.
Quality of
Dl-GEST'I-BIL'I-TY, n.
[digested.
being digestible.
Dl-GEST'l-BLE, a. Capable of being
Di-GES'TION (66), n. 1. Act of diConversion of food into

2.

mass of mineral matter,

[-ed
fissures.
v. t.
-ING.] 1. To protect with a dike ot
bank. 2. To drain by a dike.
D!-lac'er-ate, v. t
[-ed; -ing.]
wall-like

filling

Dl-GEST'ER, n. 1. One who digests.

2. Something that aids digestion. 3.

gesting.

dis-

trust; timidity; hesitation.

DiF'FI-DENT,

by order of the emperor

ficult 1. Hard to make or do. 2.

Beset with difficulty. 3. Not easily
wrought upon not complaisant.
DiF'Fl-CULT-LY, adv. With difficulty.
A>1F'FI-UL-TY (110), v.
1. State of

Syn.

DILIGENT

119

up

[Lat. diiacerare, dilaceratum, fr. di,

To
for dis, and laterare, to tear.]
rend asunder.
[ing asunder.
DI-LAC'ER-A/TION, n. Act of rendDi-lap'i-date, v.t.
[-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. dilapidare, -datum, to scatter
like stones, from di,for dis, andlapidare, to throw stones.]
1. To suffer
2.
to fall into a condition of decay.

chyme. 3. Gradual solution.

Di-gest'ive, a. Causing to digest;
To squander.
producing digestion.
Di-lap'I-da'tion, n. Act of dilapiDig'ger, n. One who digs.
dating, or state of being dilapidated.
Dig'ging, n. 1. Act of one who digs. Di-lat'a-bil'I-ty, a. Quality of be2. pi. Places where ore, especially
ingdilatable.
[sion or extension.
gold, is dug.
Di-lat'a-ble, a. Capable of expanDlGHT (dlt), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. DiiVA-TA'TlON, n.
Act of dilating
;

DIGHT, or DIGHTED.] [A.-S. diktan, to dictate, arrange, fr. Lat. dietare, to say often, dictate.]
To put
in order
to array
to adorn.
Di&'lT, 11.
[Lat. digitus, a finger, an
inch.]
1. A finger.
2. One of the
;

ten figures, 0,

by which

all

1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

numbers are expressed.

expansion dilation.
Dl-LATE', Or Dl-LATE',
;

[-E U
V.t.
-ING.] [Lat. dilatare, fr. di, for dis,
and latus, wide.] To enlarge or extend in all directions.
To expand; distend; enlarge.
Syn.
v. i.
1. To swell or extend in all
directions. 2. To expatiate
to des;

A twelfth part of the diameter of cant.

Dl-LA'TION, or Dl-LA'TION, n. [From
the sun or moon.
Dilute.] Act of dilating, or state of
D'lG'I-TAL, a.
Pertaining to the finbeing dilated dilatation.
[tardily.
gers, or to digits.
With delay
Dig'i-tate,
a. [See supra.] Hav- DlL/A-TO-RI-LY, adv.
[Lat. dilatoriDiii'l-TA'TED,
ing several leaflets, DlL'A-TO-RY (50), a.
us, fr. differre, dilatum, to delay.] 1
arranged like the fingers of the hand.
Inclined to put off what ought to b*
DlG'I-TA'TlON, n.
A division into
done at once. 2. Marked with delay
finger-like processes.
3.

[-ED

-ING.]

[Lat.

diffundere, diffusion, from dis and

fundere, to pour.] To pour out and

spread, as a fluid to send out in all
;

directions.

Dif-fuse'

Poured out

(dif-iQs'), a.

not restrained, especially as to style

verbose prolix.
In a diffuse man- Dl&'I-TI-GRADE', a.
[Lat. digitus,
[diffuse.
ner: verbosely.
finger, toe, and gradi, to walk.]
DlF-FflSE'NESS, n.
Quality of being
Walking on the toes.
n.
An aniDif-fu'21-bil'i-ty, n.
Quality of
mal that walks on its toes, as the
[diffused.
being; diffusible.
lion, wolf, &c.
Dif-fO'si-ble, a. Capable of being DlG'NI-Fir V. t.
[-ED; -ING, 142.]
Dif-fu'sion, n. Act of diffusing dis[Lat. dignus, worthy, and faccre, to
semination extension dispersion.
make.] To invest with dignity or
;

Dif-fuse'ly, adv.

Having the quality

[manner.
extending.
DlF-FU'sivE-LY, adv.
In a diffusive
Dxf-fu'sive-ness, n. Quality of besaid espeing diffusive or diffuse
cially of style.
Di&, v. t.
[imp. & p. p. DUG or
DIGGED.] [A.-S. dician, Goth, digan, deigan, to form.]
1. To turn
and throw up, as the earth. 2. To
excavate.
v. i.
To work with a
spade to delve.
DIF-FU'SIVE,

a.

of diffusing

Dl-GAM'MA,

n.
twice,

[Gr. Siya/m/ua,

fr. Si,

and yififxa, the letter

Si's,
because it resembled two gammas, one above the other.] A letter
(F) of the Greek alphabet, which

for

early

fell

into disuse.

ZM-GEST',

v. t.
[Lat.
[-ED; -ING.]
digerere, digestion, to separate, arrange, dissolve.]
1.
To arrange
methodically.
2. To prepare in the
stomach for conversion into blood
;

to turn into chyme.

3. To think
over to reflect upon.
Syn. To arrange; distribute; dispose.
;

DI'GEST, n.
1. That which is classi2. A collection
fied and arranged.
of Roman laws, arranged under proOR, DO,

honor.

One who possesses

n.
exalted rank, esp. ecclesiastical rank.
[Lat.
dignitas, fr. digDlG'NI-TY, n.
DlG'Nl-TA-RY,

nus, worthy.] 1. Elevation of mind

2. Elevation of rauk.
or character.
4. A dig3. Loftiness and elegance.
nitary.
|

Di'graph, n.
double, and

[Gr. Si, for Sis, twice,

ypa^rj, a writing.]

combination of two characters to express a single sound.

Di-gress', v. i. [-ED -ing.] [Lat.
;

digredi, digressus, fr. di, for dis, and

gradi, to walk.] 1. To turn aside,
esp. in writing or speaking, from the
main subject. 2. To turn aside from
the right path.

Syn. To deviate wander depart.

Df-GRES'SION (-gresh/un), n.
Act
;

of digressing, especially in writing

and speaking.
Di-gres'sion-al (-greWun-), a. Pertaining to, or consisting in, digres-

[main subject.

sion,

Di-gress'ive a. Departing from the

Dike, n. [A.-S. die. See Dig.] 1.
,

ditch. 2. A mound to prevent low

lands from being inundated. 3. A

WOLF, TOO .TO"bll; urn, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

3.

Intended to make delay.

sluggish; backward*

Syn. Slow;
procrastinating

tardy.

Dl-LEM'MA, or Dl-LEM'MA,
SiArjja(u.a, fr. St,

for

Si's,

n.
[Gr.
twice, double,

and Arj(u.jua, an assumption.] 1. An

argument which presents an antagonist with two or more alternatives,
but is equally conclusive against
him, whichever he chooses.
2. A
difficult or

doubtful choice.

DlL'ET-TAN'TE,
TAN'TI.

DIL'ET-

pi.

11.;

[It., fr.

Lat. delectare, to

An admirer of the fine arts

delight.]

an amateur.
Dlt/ET-TAN'TE-lgM,

n.

Quality of

being a dilettante.
n. Quality of being dilsedulousness
igent
assiduity.
Syn. Industry. Industry has the
wider sense of the two, implying an hab-

Dil/i-gence,

itual devotion to labor for some valuable

end, as knowledge, property, &e. : diligence denotes earnest application to some
man may
specific object or pursuit.
be diligent for a time, or in seeking soma

favorite end, without meriting the title

of industrious. Such was the case with

Fox, while Burke was eminent not only

for diligence, but industry; he was always at work, and alwnys locking out
for some new field of mental effort.

Diligence (d^lVzhongss'). . [Fr.7

A four-wheeled public stage-coach,
used in France.

DIl'i-gent,

[Lat. diligens, p. pr.

a.

of diligere, to esteem highly.] Steady

in application to business.
Syn.
Active assiduous; sedulous;

attentive

9, G, soft; , G, hard;

AS

industrious.
;

exist

as

NG THI&
;

DILIGENTLY
DYl/l-GENT-LY,rfr. With industry
or assiduity not carelessly.
n. [A.-S. dil.]
A plant having
aromatic seeds.
DfLL'Y,n.
[Contr. fr. diligence.] A
;

DILL,

kind of stage-coach.

DIl'u-ent,

[See

a.

Mak-

Dilute.]

ing thinner or weaker by admixture.

n. That which dilutes or weakens
(especially the blood) by
mixture with it.
DI-lute', r.t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
diluere, dilutum. fr. di, for dis, and
luere, to wash.] I. To make thinner,
by admixture with something. 2. To
reduce, especially by the addition
Thin reduced in
a.
of water.
strength, as spirit or color.
Di-LU'TION, n
Act of diluting, or
state of being diluted.

any thing

Dl-LU'VI-AL,

[Lat. diluvialis,

a.

fr.

diluvium.]
Pertaining to, or produced by, a deluge.
Dl-LU'VI-AN, a.
Pertaining to a deluge, or to the Noachian deluge.

DI-lu'vi-on,
Dl-L v f vi- UM,

[Lat.]
A deposit
of loam sand grav-

n.

pebbles, &c, caused

action of the sea.
el,

Mm,

by former

[-mer; -mest,136.]

a.

dim,

[A.-S.

tamas,

Skr.

allied to

dark-

Not bright or distinct;

obscure. 2. Of obscure vision hence,
ness.]

1.

dull of apprehension.
Syn.
Dusky dark

V.

t.

To

dull

[-MED; -MING.]

render dim

obtuse.
1.

To

to darken
to dull.
2.
darken the senses or understand-

ing

of.

n. [Fr., fr. Lat. decern, ten.]

silver coin of the United States, of

the value often cents.

Di'-MEN'SION, n.
[Lat. dimensio, fr.
dimetiri, dimensus, to measure out.]
Measurement in a single direction
[sions or limits.
extent size.
DI-MEN'SIVE, a. Marking the dimenDl-MID'l-ATE,t>. t. [-ED -ING ] [Lat.
dimidiare, -atvm, fr. dimidius, half.]
To divide into two equal parts.
DT-M1D'I-ATE, a.
Divided into two
equal parts.
Dl-MIN'ISH, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
diminuere from dis and minuere, to
;

lessen.]

To make smaller in any

manner.

Syn. To decrease; lessen; reduce.

v. i.
To become or appear less or

Di- mKn' u- en' do, -rr=smaller.

adv. [It.] (Mu$.) In -T~~~.

7
a gradually diminish- Diminuendo,
ing manner;
indicated as in the
margin.
PSm/I-nu'tion, n. 1. Act of diminishing; reduction in size, quantity,
or degree. 2. A lessening of dignity
or consideration.
DI-min'u-tive, a. Of small size; minute.
n. A derivative from a noun
denoting a small or young object of
the same kind as the primitive.
DI-mYn'u-tive-ly, adv. In a dimin-

utive manner.

DI-min'u-TiVE-ness,
I,

DiM'IS-SO-RY (50), a.
rius, from dimittere,

[Lat. dimissoto send away.]

Dismissing to another jurisdiction.
DiM'l-TY,n. [Gr. fitjoiiTo?, lit. of double
thread.] A stout, white, cotton cloth,
ribbed or figured.
DlM'LY, adv. In a dim or obscure

manner.
Dim'mish,
Dim'ness,
Syn.

petals.

coated with a false membrane.

DIph'thong
&L<\>6oyyo<>

Darkness.
Dl-MOR'PHisM, n.
[Gr. fii's, twice,
double, and jouop^v, form.]
PropSee

scurity.

two

a.

(d!f- or dip'-), n.

from

yo?, voice.]

twice,

fife,

1.

[Gr.

and

<f>06y~

union. of two vowel

sounds pronounced in one syllable;

as, ou in out, oi mnoise. 2. A union
of two vowels in the same syllable,
only one of them being sounded as,

erty of being dimorphous.

Di-m6r'phous,

3.

7
ordTF-), n. [Gr.
6i$0epa, a membrane.] An epidemic
disease in which the throat becomes

indis-

Quality of being dim.

Darkness indistinctness; ob-

slope.

Diph-the'ri-a (dip -

[tinct.

Somewhat dim

a.

n.

downward

Inclination

Gravy or sauce.
Dl-PET'AL-oOs, a. [Gr. 6i's, double,
and ireTakov, a leaf.] Having two

Occurring under

distinct forms.

ai in rain, eo in people.

D'lM'PLE, n. [Of. Ger. d'vmpel, a pool.] Diph-thon'gal (dif- or dip-, 82), a.

Belonging to a diphthong.
A slight natural depression on the
cheek or chin.
-ING.] Dl-PLO'MA (150), n. [Gr. SivXtofia, fr.
v. i. [-ED
To form dimples or little inequalities.
hmkovv, to double.] A deed of privDlN, n. [A.-S. dyne.] Loud, stunning
ilege
a certificate of a literary denoise;
clamor.
t.
gree.
v.
[-NED;
-ning, 133.] To stun with noise.
DI-plo'ma-cy, n. 1. Conduct of neDlNE,t\ i. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr. d'mer,
gotiations between nations. 2. Dexfrom Lat. dis and jejunare, to fast.]
terity in securing advantages.
3.
To take dinner.
v. t.
To give a
Body of ministers or envoys.
dinner to.
Dip'lo-mat,
n.
One skilled in diDlNG, v. i. [A.-S. dingan.dencgan, to DIp'lo-mate, j
plomacy; a diploknock.] 1. To bluster. 2. To ring or
matist.
tinkle.
) a.
n. A stroke, esp. of a bell. DTP'LO-MAT'IC,
Pertaining to
D'ing'-dong, n. Sound of bells or DlP'LO-MAT'if-AL,
a diploma, to
some similar sound.
diplomacy, or to diplomatics.
DlN'GI-NESS, n. State of being dingy. Dip/LO-MAT'ies, n. sing. Art of readDin'gle (dTng'gl), n. [Cf. Den.] A
ing ancient writings, public docunarrow dale.
ments, &c. paleography.
DlN'GY,a. [-ER; -est, 142.] [Allied D1-pl5'ma-tist, n. One skilled in
to dim and dun.] Of a dark or dusky
diplomacy a diplomat.
[dips.
color dun.
DTP'PER, n. One who, or that which,
Din'ner, n. [See Dine ] Principal Dip'ping-nee/dee. v. A magnetic
meal of the day, between breakfast
needle suspended so as to move freely
and supper.
in a vertical plane.
-ING.] To make a DlP'TER-AL, a. [Gr. Slirrepos, with
D'fNT, v. I. [-E D
small cavity on. n. The cavity itself.
two wings.] 1. Having two wings
Dl-6c'E-SAN,or DI'O-OE'SAN, a. Peronly. 2. Having a double row of
taining to a diocese.
n. A bishop.
columns on each of the flanks.
Dl'O-OESE, n. [Gr. Sioi/ojo-is, house- DlP'TER-ofis, a. Having two wings,

Dime,

A, E,

DIRECTION

120

O,

ij,

[littleness.

n.

Smallness

keeping,

administration, province,
jurisdiction.] District of a bishop's
ecclesiastical authority.

Dl-OP'TRIC,
Dl-OP'TRI-AL,

rt.

}
(

[Gr. SlOTTTpiKO?,
belonging to the

a geometrical instrument ]
Relating to dioptrics.
Dl-OP'TRIS, n. sing. That part of
optics which treats of the laws of the
refraction of light in passing through
SioiTTpa.,

or wing-like processes.

DiP'TYCH,

[Gr.

tio, fr.

dis

light.
Dire, a.

and

radiatio, radiation.]

[-er;-est.]

Dreadful

or Di'o-ra'ma, n.

[Gr.

Slmvxos, folded,

Emission and diffusion of rays of

different lenses.

DPo-ra'ma,

n.

doubled.] 1. A writing tablet among

the ancients, consisting of two leaves.
2. A list of bishops and saints.
Dl-RA/Dl-A'TION, n. [N. Lat. diradia.

[Lat. dirus.]

horrible terrible.
;
a. 1. Straight. 2. Straightsincere ; outspoken.
3.
;
Unambiguous ; absolute. 4. In the
;

D1-RET',
forward

through, and 6pap.a, a sight.] 1.

painting seen from a distance
through a iarge opening. 2. A buildv. t. [-ED -ING.]
line of descent.
ing for such an exhibition.
[Lat. dirigere, directum, fr. dis and
1. To give
Dl'c-RAM're, a. Of, or pertaining to,
regere, to keep straight.]
2. To determine the
a diorama.
direction to
Dip, r.t. [-PED -PJNG.] [A.-S. dipcourse of. 3. To put upon the righS
pan, dyppnn, 138.] 1. To plunge into
4. To instruct as a superior.
track.
a fluid and withdraw again. 2. To
5. To superscribe.
1. Act of directing.
take out, by immersing and remov- DI-RE'tion, n.
ing again a dipper, ladle, or pail, &c.
2. Guiding or authoritative instruction. 3. Name and residence of a perv.i.
1. To immerse one's self
2.
son superscription address. 4. Line
To take out something, b}' immersing
and withdrawing a receptacle. 3. To
or point of tendency.
enter slightly. 4. To incline downSyn. Control
command. These
words, as here compared, have reference
ward.
n. 1. Action of dipping. 2.
fiia,

Y,long; A, , 1,6,0, , short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

TRM

PIQUE, FIRM S^iT

;

DIRECTIVE

of advantage. 2. Prejudice to interest, fame, profit, or other good.

I

rect

Having power

a.

to di-

with disadvantage

loss
i

In a direct manner immediately.

ininstantly
Syn. Immediately
" I will do it directly"
stantaneously.
means, " I will go straightway about it."
"I will do it immediately" means, " I
will do it as the very next thing." "I
will do it instantly or instantaneously"

or inconvenience.

convenience

To

Dl-REeT'LY, ado.
;

Dis-ad'vAn-ta'geous-ness,

In-

n.

loss.

t.
[-ED -ING.] 1.
with unfriendliness. 2. To dis-

fill

a.

DlS-AD'VAN-TA'GEOUS-LY, adv. With

DlS'AF-FET',

directing.

rimental.

DfS'AR-RANGE', V. t. [-ED -ING

To disturb the due arrangement of.

Attended DlS'AR-RANGE'MENT, 71. Actofdisprejudicial

detarranging confusion disorder.
Dis'AR-RAVr', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1.

Dis-AD'VAN-TA'GEoDs,

Dl-RT'IVE,

DISCERNMENT

121

to the exercisa of power over the actions

of others. Control is negative, denoting
power to restrain; command is positive,
implying a right to enforce obedience ;
directions are commands containing inshipmaster has
structions how to act.
he gives dithe command of his vessel
rections to the seamen as to the mode of
sailing it ; and exercises a due control
over the conduct of the passengers.

V.

To break the array of.

To undress

2.

to unrobe.
1. Disorder; conn.
fusion. 2. Undress; dishabille.
DI-as'ter (91), m. [Lat dis and as-

trum, Gr. airpov, demjp, star.]

sudden misfortune.
Syn. -Calamity; mishap; mischance.
Dis-as'TROUS, a. Unfortunate; ca-

order.
|

Dis'af-feg'tion, n. State of being

want of good-will.
disaffected
lamitous.
Dls'AF-FlRM' (18), v. t. To contra- Dis-as'trous-ly, adv. In a disasdict
to deny.
trous manner.
[ness.
Dis/AF-FlRM'ANCE, n. Act of disaf- Dls-AS'TRotJs-NESS, n. Unfortunateallows not a particle of delay.
firming denial negation.
Dis'A-voucH', v. t. To disavow.
Dl-RET'NESS, n. State of being di- DlS'A-GREE'. V. i. [-ED; -ING.] 1. Dis'A-voW, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
To fail to agree to be at variance.
refuse to own or acknowledge. 2. To
rect.
2. To differ in opinion. 3. To be undisprove.
Dl-RET'OR, n. One who, or that
[disclaimer.
suited.
DiVa-vow'al, n. Act of disavowing
which, directs; especially one of a
Disband', v. t. [-ed; -ING.] To disbody of persons who manage the Dis'a-gree'a-ble, a. Not agreeable
:

affairs of

exciting repugnance.

a corporation.

DI-RET'o-rate,
ors, or the office

n. A body of directof director.

Dl-REe-TO'Ri-AL, a. 1. Directive.
Pertaining to a director or to a

2.
di-

rectory.

Dl-RET'o-RY,
tions.
tions.

n.
2.

1.

a.

Containing direccollection of direc-

book of the mimes and

residences of the inhabitants of

place
3. A body of directors.

any

[ribly.

Dire'ful-ly, adv. Dreadfully terDlRGE (18), n. [From the first word

of a hymn, " Dirige gressus mens?"
formerly sung at funerals.] A piece
of music of a mournful character.
;

DlRK

(18). n.

[Lr.

&

Gael, duirc, dure,

a dagger.]

kind of dagger.
v. t.
To sub with a dirk.
DIrt (18), n. [Icel. tirit, excrement,
drita, to dung, A. -8. drltan, id.] Any
foul or filthy substance, as excrement, mud, &c.
v. t.
To soil to

dirty.

[ily.

Dirt'i-ly, adv. Foully nastily filthDfRT'Y, a.

[-er; -EST, 142.]
1.
Deflleu with dirt. 2. Sordid base
groveling.
v. t. [-ED;-ING, 142.] 1.
;

To

to soil.
2. To scandalize.
Dis/A-BiL'I-TY. n. 1. State of being

foul

disabled;

incapacity.

Want

2.

of

legal qualification.

Syn.

Inability. Inability

is

want

of /joiver in itself considered disability

arises from some depravation or loss of
the needed competency.
One who becomes deranged is under a (Usability of
holding his estate; and one who is made
a judge, of deciding in his own case.
DlS-A'BLE,V t. [-ED : -ING.] 1. To
render unable or incapable.
2. To
deprive of legal qualification.
Dis'A busje', v. t. [-ed; -ING.] To
undeceive to setright.
[commode.
;

DtS'A-OM'MO-DATE, V. t. To inDis'Ae-eoM'Mo-DA'TioN, n. A state

of being unaccommodated or un[accustomed.

suited.

Dls'A-US'TOM, v. t.
Dis'AD-VAN'TAGE,n.
OR, DO,

To render un1.

Deprivation

offensive

dis-

pleasing.

n. Unpleas-

[agreeable manner.

antness,

Dis'A-GREE'A-BLY, adv.

In a
Act of

disDiVa-gree'ment, n. 1.
disagreeing. 2. Difference of opinion. 3.

Unsuitableness. 4. A controversy.
Diversity
discrepancy variSyn.
ance dissent dispute discord.
Di'S'AL-LOW',t\ t. [-ED -ING.] To
refuse to allow to disown and reject.
To refuse permission.
v. i.
Dis'al-low'a-ble, a.
Not allowable not to be suffered.
Dis'al-low'an^e, n. Refusal to admit or permit.
Syn.
Disapprobation rejection.
Dis-AN'I-MATE, v. t. To deprive of
spirit
to discourage
to dishearten.

DlVAN-NEX',
DiVan-nul',
iBSf"

The

v.
v.

t.
t.

DiVa-gree'A-BLE-NESS,

Di-RET'RESS, n. A female director.

DlRE'FUL, a. Dire; dreadful; terrible,

Unpleasant

Syn.

perse esp. to break up the military

organization of.
To become
v. i.
separated or broken up.
Dis-bark/, -v. t. To put on shore to

To separate.
To annul.

prefix in this

word

is

disembark.
Dis'BE-LiEF', n. 1. Act of disbelieving denial of belief. 2. System of
.

error.

Syn. Unbelief.
Unbelief is a mere
failure to admit
disbelief is a positive
rejection. One may be an unbeliever in
Christianity from ignorance or want of
;

inquiry a disbeliever has the proofs before him, and incurs the guilt of setting
them aside.
;

Dis'be-lieve',

To hold not

V.

[-ED

t.

to be true

-ING.]

to refuse

credit to L

[lieves.

DiVbe-liev'er, n. One who disbeDlS-BOW'EL, V. t. [-ED -ING, 137.]

To take out the bowels of; to gut.
DlS-BUR'DN, V. t. [-EDI-1NG.] 1.
To rid of a burden. 2. To become
relieved of.
v. i. To ease the mind.
DlS-BURSE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
;

inten-

sive.

pay out to expend.

Dis'AP-PEAR', ?;. i. [-ET>;-ING.] 1.
To vanish from the sight to become Dis-burse'ment, it. Act of disbursing expenditure.
[money.
2. To cease to be or exist.
invisible.
DIS / AP-PEAR'AN9E, n. Act of disap- Dis-BURS'ER, n. One -who disburses
Disc, n. A circular plate. See Disk.
pearing.
[-ed: -ing.] To
DlS'AP-POINT', V. t. [-EB; -ING.] Dis-gard', r. t.
cast off or dismiss
to discharge.
[Pref. dis and appoint, prop., to unDis-CERN'
(-zeni', 14, 65), v. t. [-ED
fix or unsettle.]
1. To defeat of ex-ING.] [Lat. discernere., fr. dis, and
pectation or hope. 2. To hinder of
cernere, to separate, perceive.] 1. To
result.
;

Syn. To frustrate; balk; baffle; foil.

Dis'ap-point'ment, 7i. 1. Defeat or
failure of expectation or hope.

2.

That which disappoints.

Dis-ap'pro-ba'tion, n. Act of

dis-

Dis-ap'pro-ba-to-ry

(50), a.

ing.

E,

perceive and recognize.

perceive with the mind.

of.

3.

To

Dis-cern'er, n. One who discerns.

Di|-crn'i-ble (diz-zern'i-bl^a. Ca-

L,
Con- Dl-CERN'MENT (diz-zcrn'-), n.
Act of discerning. 2. Faculty of the
mind by which it distinguishes ono
thing from another.

taining disapprobation.
DJs'ap-prov'al, n. Disapprobation.
DlS'AP-PROVE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1.
To regard as wrong or inexpedient
to censure. 2. To decline to sanction
to disallow.
Dl-XRM' (91), v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
deprive of arms, or of the means of
attack or defense.
Dl-ARM'A-MENT, n. Act of disarm-

To

pable of being discerned.

approving.

WQLF, TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

note the distinctive character

I,

Discrimination
penetration ;
Syn.
Discernment is accuracy and
keenness of mental vision
penetration
is the power of seeing deeply into a subject in spite of every thing that intercepts the view: discrimination is a capacity of tracing out minute distinctions
and the nicest shades of thought. A discerning- man is not easily misled: one of
a penetrating mind sees a multitude of
;

sagacity.

O, silent; 9, G, soft; , G, luifd;

AS

EIST

N.

as

NG; THIS

DISCERPTION
;

differences.

[Lat. discerpere,

n.

DIs-GOM-MEND', v. t. To blame.
DlS-GOUN'TE-NANCE, V. t.
f-ED
[-ed;-ING.]
DlS'COM-MODE', v. t.
-ING.]
1.
To put out of counte[Lat. dis and commodare, to make
nance to abash. 2. To discourage.
fit.] To put to inconvenience
to inft.
Cold treatment disapprobacommode^
[ons.
tion.
DTs'GOM-MO'Dl-oOs', a. Incommodi- Dis'gount-er, n. One who discounts.
DlS'COM-POS.E', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. Dis-gour'age (-kuVej), v. t. [-ED;
To disarrange. 2. To destroy the
-ING.] 1. To extinguish the courage
composure of.
of.
2. To deter one from.
Syn. To disorder; derange; disSyn. To dishearten; dispirit; de.

Act of pulling to pieces.

to rend.]

DlS-CHAR&E', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1.

To relieve of a charge or burden to
unload. 2. To let go the charge of.
3. To relieve of a debt, obligation, accusation, office, &c. 4. To perform or
execute, as an office or part. 5. To give
turb; disconcert; ruffle.
v. i.
To throw Dis'com-pos/ure, n.
vent to; to utter.
;

off

a charge, or burden.

1.

ft.

Act

2. That which disof discharging.

charges. 3. That which is discharged.
Dis-char'ger, n. One who, or that
which, discharges.

:;

DISCRETION

1'22

things which escape others a discriminating judgment detects the slightest

Dis-CERP'TlON,

agitation.
sistency.

2.

press; dissuade.

1. Disorder;
Discordance incon;

DlS-GQUR'AGE-MENT

(-kfiVej-)

ft.

Act of discouraging dejection.

That which discourages.
;

1.
2.

Dis'con-cErt' (14), v. t. [-ed -ing.] Dis-GOURSE', n. [Lat. discursvs, fr.

1. To throw into disorder.
2. To
discurrere, to run to and fro.]
1.
disturb the composure of. [formity.
Oral treatment of a subject talk
DlS-CI'PLE, n. [Lat. discipulus, from DIs'con-form'ity, n. Want of conconversation.
2. A formal dissertpdiscere, to learn.] A learner a schol- Dis/con-nLct', v t.
[-ed -ING.]
tion a sermon.
v.i. [-ED
-ING.]
ar; a pupil; a follower.
[disciple.
To separate to sever.
1. To exercise reason.
2. To talk or
DlS-91'PLE-SHiP, n. State of being a Dis'gon-nec'tion, .
treat in a continuous or formal manSeparation;
Dis'91-PLIN-A-BLE, a.
Capable of
want of union.
ner.
v. t. To utter or give forth
being disciplined.
Dis-con'so-late (45), a. 1. Desti- Dis-GOURS'lvE, a. 1. Reasoning; dis;

D'is'CI-PLIN-A'RI-AN, a.

to discipline.
rigid discipline.

Pertaining
n. One who enforces

tute of consolation deeply dejected

melancholy. 2. Cheerless.
;

Dis-c6n'so-late-ly, adv. In a

D'is'CI-plin-a-ry, a. Pertaining to,

or intended for, discipline.
DlS'CI-PLINE,i. [hai.disciplina. See

dissatisfaction.

n.

2.

Containing conversation.

Dis-gour'te-oCs

dis-

civil

(-kGr'te-us), a.

Want of content;
v.

Disciple.] 1. Treatment suited to

a disciple or learner. 2. Tr.iining;

[-ed

t.

-ing.]

sy

Un-

rude.

Want

Dis-gotjr'te-sy, .

consolate manner.

Dis'gon-tent',

cursive.

of courte-

rudeness.

DlsG'ots,a. Disk-like

circular, wide,

and flat.
To deprive of content to dissatisfy.
Dis/GON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a dis- DlS-GOV'ER (-k&V-), v. t.
[-ED;
subjection to rule.
3. Corrective
-ING.] 1. To remove the covering
contented manner.
[inquietude.
punishment.
from to expose to view. 2. To make
Dis'GON-TENT'MENT, ft. Uneasiness
Syn. Education; instruction; cul- Di's'GON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. Act of disknown. 3. To find out.
ture; correction; chastisement.
Syn. To invent. We discover what
continuing want of continued conv. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To educate
existed before but remained unknown
nection.
to bring under control
we invent by forming combinations
to drill. 2.
Syn. Cessation intermission inwhich are either entirely new or which
To correct to chastise. 3. To interruption; disjunction; disruption.
attain their end by means unknown beflict ecclesiastical penalties upon.
Dis'GON-TlN'UE, v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
Columbus discovered America;
fore.
DlS-GLAIM', V. t. [-ED; -TNG-.] To
1. To interrupt the continuance of
Whitney invented the cotton-gin.
reject all claim to
to disavow
to
2. To cease atten- Dis-gov'er-a-ble, a.
Capable of
to put an end to.
disown.
being discovered.
tion to. 3. To disunite.
v. i.
To
Dis-claim'er, n. 1. One who disDis-GOV'ER-ER, w. One who discovcease to part.
claims.
{Law.) A denial or re- Dis-GON'Tl-NU'l-TYjft. Wantof con2.
an explorer.
ers
nunciation, as of a title, estate or
Dis-gov'er-y (-kuV-), n. 1. Action
tinuity or cohesion.
trust.
3. A public disavowal.
of
discovering
disclosure.
2. RevDis'GON-TiN'u-OUS, a. Not continu[-ed; -isg.]
DlS-GLOgE', v. t.
To
elation.
3. Finding out for the first
ous interrupted broken up.
unclose to open to bring to light
discordia,
4.
That
which
discovered.
[Lat.
time.
is
Dis'CORD, ft.
fr. dis
to make known.
1. Want of credit
and cors, cordis, heart.] 1. Want of Dis-gred'it, n.
Dis-clos'er, n. One who discloses.
disesteem. 2. Act of discrediting, or
concord; variance. 2. Union of muDis-clos/ure, n.
1. Act of disclosstate of being discredited.
v. t.
sical sounds which strikes the ear
ing.
2. That which is disclosed.
2.
[-ED -ING.]
1. To disbelieve.
disagreeably.
DlS'GOID, n.
Any thing having the
Syn. Difference dissension conTo deprive of credibility. 3. To bring
;

tention; strife; dissonance.

form of a disc.
reproach upon.
a.
Dts'GOlD,
[Gr. Suo-KoetB^, fr. DIS-GORD'ANCE, 1ft. Disagreement; Dis-GRED'IT-A-ELE, a.
Tending to
inconsistency.
Dis-GOID'AL,
Slctkos, a quoit, and Dis-GORD'AN-CY,
disgraceful.
injure credit
Having the form of a Dis-GORD'ANT, a.
1. Eeing at vari- DlS-GREET", a.
eiSos, shape.]
[Lat. discretvs, p. p.
ance opposing. 2. Not in harmony
disk.
See DISCERN.] Posof discernere
[-ed;
Dls-e6l/OR (-kul'ur), v. t.
or musical concord.
sessed of discernment or discretion.
)

-ing.]

To

alter the color or appearto tinge.

ance of: to stain

Syn. Incongruous: repugnant: con-

trary; dissonant; harsh.

In a disChange of Dis-cord'ant-ly, adv.

cordant manner.
coloring.
2. Discolored spot
stain.
Dis-gom'fit (-kum'fit), v. t. [-ED; Dls'COUNT, n. [Prefix dis and count.]
1. An allowance made on an ac-ING.] [Lat. dis and conficere, to
count, debt, price asked, &c.
2. A
prepare.] 1. To scatter in fight. 2.
deduction for interest, in advancing
To break up and frustrate the plans
monev upon a bill or note not due.
of.
Dis'gount, or Dis-gount', v. t.
Syn. To disconcert; defeat; rout.
Dis-eoM'FlT-URE (-kum'i'it-yrjr, 53),
[-ED -ING 1 1. To deduct from an
. Act of discomfiting
rout deaccount, debt, charge, &c. 2. To
?i.

1.

feat

frustration
(-kum'furt), n.

Dis-g6m'fort

Want

of comfort; uneasiness; inquietude.

v. t.
[-ED; -ing.] To destroy
or disturb the comfort of.

A, E,

1,

O,

fj,

loan money upon, deducting allowTo lend

ance for interest.
v. i.
money, abating the discount.
Dis-gount'a-ble, a. Capable of being discounted.

Y,long; X,fi,I, 5,0, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

Syn. Prudent

sagacious

ciicum-

spect.

Dis-gol'or-a'tion,

Dis-GREET'LY, adv. Prudently.

Dis-GREP'ANCE
(113), a. DisagreeDis-GREP'AN-CY j ment variance
)

inconsistency.

Dis-GREP'ANT

[Lat. dime*
to sound discord-

(113), a.

pare, discrepans,
Discordant
antly.]

disagreeing

different.

[See DISCREET.] 1.
a.
2. Disjunctive.
distinct.

Dis-GRETE',
Separate:

Dis-gre'tion (-kreWun),

[Lat

ft.

discretio, separation, difference.

Pet

Discreet.] 1. Sagacity prudeme

2. Freedom to act according to one's
own judgment.

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

TERM; PIQUE, FIRM

SON,

DISCRETIONAL
Dis RE'tion-al

Dis-RE'tion-a-RY

tion

v.

unrestrained except by discre-

[-ed;

t.

used than formerly

DlS-FUR'NISH,

To

Dis-gar'nish,

-ing.]

(-kresh'un),
adv. At

V.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

deprive of furniture
afflict

with sickness
used almost exclusively in the past participle.

tion.

Dis-RE'tion-al-ly
DlS-RE'TION-A-RI-LY

DISHONOR

123
ical term, and is less
in literature.

(-kresh'un-), n.
Left to discre-

v.

To

t.

ture, ornaments,

To

to strip.
divest of garni-

or furniture

to

dismantle.

[-ED; -ING.] DlS-GORGE', V. t.

DlS'EM-BARK', V. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1
j
v. i.
To put on shore to land.
To vomit. 2. To throw out with
discretion according to discretion.
To
[embarking.
go
on
land.
violence, as from a mouth. 3. To
Lis-RE'T1VE, a. Disjunctive; sepDlS-EM'BAR-KA'TION, n. Actofdisarating.
make restitution of.
2>i3-Rl>l'I-N ATE V. t.
Act of dis[-ED; -ING.] DlS'EM-BAR'RASS, V. t. [-E D -ING.] Dis-gorge'nient, Ti,
to
To free from embarrassment
[Lat. discriminare, -atum, fr. discrigorging that which is disgorged.
clear.
7nen, division, distinction.] 1. To sepDis-grace', n. 1. Lack or loss of
DlS'EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, 71. Act Of
infamy.
favor.
2. Ignominy
arate to distinguish.
2. To distin3
disembarrassing.
Cause of shame.
guish by a peculiar note or sign. v. i.
Dis'EM-bei/lish, v. t. To deprive of
To make a difference or distinction.
Syn. Opprobrium; dishonor; shame;
embellishment.
[bitterness.
disrepute.
Dis-RIM'I-nate-ly, adv. Distinctly.
1.
v.t.
[-ed; -ing.]
To disDlS-CRIM'I-NA'TION, n. 1. Act of dis- Dis'EM-BlT'TER, v. t. To free from
DiS/EM-BOD'Y,^.
t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]
miss with dishonor. 2. To bring recriminating.
2. Faculty of nicely
To divest of the body.
proach or shame upon.
distinguishing. 3. Mark of distincDlS'EM-BOGUE' (-bog'), V. t.
[-2D
Syn^ To degrade; dishonor; debase.
tion.
Bringing dis-ING.]
To discharge at the mouth, Dis-grace'ful, a.
Syx. See Descernment.
grace shameful infamous.
as a stream.
Dis-RIM'i-na-tive, a.
1. DistinIn a disguishing distinctive. 2. Observing Dis'em-bow'el (137), v. t. To take Dis-grace 'ful-ly, adv.
out the bowels; to eviscerate to gut.
graceful manner.
[pleasing.
distinctions.
[prive of a crown.
[-ED -ING.] Dis-GRA'cious, a. Ungracious; unDis-crown', v. t. [-ed -ing.] To de- DIS'EM-BROIL', V. t.
Dis-GuisE'
v.t.
[-ed;
-ing.]
To
free
from
perplexity
or
confusion.
(72),
DlS-UM'BEN-CY, n.
[Lat. discum1. To change the guise or appeai'bere, -cumbens, to lie down, recline.] DlS'EN-CHANT', V. t. '[-ED; -ING.]
ance of; especially to conceal by au
To free from enchantment.
Act of reclining at meat, after the
unusual dress. 2. To intoxicate.
Dis'EN-Chant'ment, n. Act of dismanner of the ancients.
1. Something put on to conceal
enchanting.
n.
Dis-COM/BER, v. t. To unburden.
or deceive. 2. Slight intoxication.
Dis-cur'sion, n. [See Discourse.] Dis'EN-CUM/BER, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
Dis-GUis/ER,
To
free
from
n.
One who disguises
encumbrance.
1. Desultory talk.
2. Act of reasonDis/en-cum'brance 71. Deliverance Dis-gust', n.
[Lat. prefix dis and
ing.
A
gustus,
tasting,
Repugnance
from
any
taste.]
thing
burdensome
or
trouDls-UR'siVE, a. 1. Rational. 2. Rovto what is offensive;
blesome.
said of any
ing rambling digressive.
DlS'EN-GAGE',
thing
which
offends
organ of
t.
[-ED:
-ING.]
the
V.
To
Dis-CUR'sive-ly, adv. In a discurtaste, or the sensibilities of the soul
release from some previous connecsive manner.
[discursive.

tion
or
engagement.
Syn.
Aversion
dislike.
disrelish;
Drs-UR'SO-RY, a.
Argumentative;
See Aversion.
Syn. To liberate; free loose; deDis'US,n. 1. A quoit. 2. A disk.
tach; withdraw.
v.t.
[-ed;
-ing.]
To
provokj
DlS-USS', V. t.
[-EDJ-ING.] [Lat. DlS'EN-GAGE'MENT, 11.
1. Act of
disgust in
to displease.
discutere, discussum, fr. dis &nd quadisengaging
extrication.
2. FreeDis-gust'ful, a.
Provoking distere, to shake, strike.]
1. To break
from engrossing occupation
dom
gust nauseous.
[to disgust.
up to disperse. 2. To examine by
leisure.
Dis-GUST'ING-LY,
adv.
In a manner
disputation.
Dis'en-no'ble, v. t.
To deprive of Di'sH, 71. [A.-S. disc. See Desk and
S yx. To debate. To discuss a subwhat ennobles to degrade.
ject is to pull it to pieces; to dejate a
Disk.] 1. A vessel for serving up
Di's'en-roll', v. i.
To erase from a
point is to battle it out.
food.
2. Any particular kind of
roll or list.
Dis-&s'sion (-kush'un), n.
Act of
v.t.
food.
[-ED; -ing.]
1. To
DlS'EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. [-ED -ING.]
discussing
debate disputation.
put in a dish. 2. To make like a
To free from entanglement.
Dls-USS'iVE, a.
Able or tending to
dish.
3. To frustrate.
[Low.]
Syx. To unravel; untwist; loose;
discuss.
Dis'HA-BiLLE' (dTs'a-bTP), n. An unextricate disengage.
DlS-U'TIENT, a.
[Lat. discutiens,
dress
deshabille.
DlS'EN-TAN'GLE-MENT,
n.
Act of Dl'SH'CLOTH, 71.
See DISCUSS.]
p. pr. of discutere.
A cloth for wiping
disentangling.
Serving to disperse morbid matter.
Dish'clout,
dishes.
A medicine to disperse any coag- Disf en-tomb' (-tobm'), v. t. To take DlS-HEART'JEN, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
n.
out from a tomb.
ulated fluid in the body.
To deprive of heart, courage, or hope.
Want of esteem
D13-DAIN', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. DlS'ES-TEEM', .
Syn. To dispirit; discourage; dev.t.
disfavor.
[-ED -ING.]
To
dis and dignari, to deem worthy.]
press; deject.
regard with disapproval to slight.
[-ED.
Dl-SHEV'L (-sheVl), V. t.
To look with scorn upon to despise.
Dis-fa'vor, n.
1. Want of favor;
Syx. See Co.vtemjt.
-ING or -LED, -LING, 137] [Fr
disesteem. 2. An unkindness.
v.t.
Dl-DAIN', n. A feeling of contempt
decheveler, fr. Lat. dis and capillus,
[-ED -ing.] To withhold or withand aversion.
hair.]
To suffer to hang in a loose
draw favor from.
Dig-DAIN'FUL, a.
Full of disdain;
or negligent manner, as the hair.
DIS-FIG'U-RA'TION, n. Act of disfig- Dish'ful, n. As much as a dish holds.
scornful haughty.
[ful manner.
;

3Dls.-pAlN'FUL-LY, adv.

tutions,

Syn,

is

Deformity

n.

defacement.
distemper

malady.

leading medical term.

Disorder means the same, though, perhaps with some slight reference to an irregularity of the system.
DiMemper is
now used by physicians only of the diseases of aniinals. Malady is not a med-

OR, do,

DIS-fig'ure-ment,

&c

Disorder;

--Disease

DIS-FIG'URE,

'

uring, or state of being disfigured.

[-ED; -ING.] To
v. t.
mar the figure or appearance of.
Syn. To deface; deform; injure.

Inadisdain-

Dijj-EAE', n.
[Prefix dis and ease.]
A morbid condition of body sickness;
applied figuratively to the
mind, to moral character, to insti-

DIS-fran'ch'jse

(-chiz), v.

t.

[-ED

DlS-FRAN'CHISE-MENT

(-chiz-),

Act of disfranchising.

wolf, too, XOOI1-, URN, Rue pull

.

j,

o, silent

$,-<i,soft;

71.

1.

2.

Characterized by fraud

Dis-hon'est-LY

(-on'est-),

adv.

In

n.

1.

a dishonest manner.

Dis-hon'es-ty

-ING.] To deprive of a franchise or

chartered right to dispossess of any
right of a citizen.

the

Dis-HON'EST (-Sn'est, 91), a.

Wanting in honesty fraudulent.

(-on'es-ty),

Want

of honesty. 2. Violation of
trust or of justice.
Dl-HON'OR (diz-on/ur, 91), n. Want
of honor.
Disgrace ignominy
Syn.
reproach; opprobrium.

,ti,hard; Ag; exist;

shame

nsjng; this

;
;

;
;

DISHONORABLE

pound

Bringing or deserving
base wanting in honor.
;

Di-h6n'or-a-bly

(-on'-),

com-

aversion

to.

hu- Dis'lo-A'tion,

n.

displacement.
luxation.

1.

That which

dis[ing.

displacing
disjointing

2.

[-ED -ING.] To
V. t.
drive from a lodge, or place of rest or
hiding.
DIS-LODG'MENT, 11. Act of dislodging.
DIS-EOY'AL, a. Not loyal; false to
allegiance.
Syn.
Faithless
treacherous; per-

DlS-LODGE',

fidious; inconstant.

frankness.

Dis/mal

Dis'lN-GEN'u-ofJs-LY, adv. Unfairly

[candor.
not openly and candidly.

(diz'mal, 91), a.
[Orig. a n.
from Lat. dies mains, evil day.]
Gloomy to the eye or ear sorrowful
and depressing.
;

Dis'in-gen'u-ous-ness, n. Want of
DiS'TN-HER'IT, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
Syn. Dreary
Dis/MAL-LY, adv.
deprive of an inheritance.
Dis'IN-HER'lT-ANCE, n.
Act of disner; dolefully.
inheriting, or condition of being disinherited.

[-ED

-ING.]

[Lat. integrate, -alum, to renew, from

integer, whole.]
To separate into
integrant parts, [to integrant parts.
DIS-IN'TE-GRA'TION, n.
Reduction
DlS'lN-TER', V. t. [-ED; -ING, 13J.]

To take out of the grave or tomb.

Dis-1N'ter-est-ED, a.
Not influenced by regard to personal advantage.

Syn. Unbiased: impartial.

Eis-Tn'ter-est-ed-ly, adv.

In a

manner.
DlS-lN'TER-EST-ED-NESS,
disinterested

of being disinterested

State
11.
impartiality.

Act of

n.

disin-

terring.

Dis'in-thrall/,
from thralidom

t.
To release
to emancipate.
n.
Emanci[part
to separate.

v.
;

DTs'lN-THRALL'MENT,
pation,

Dis-join', v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
To
DlS-JOINT', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
put out of joint
to dislocate. 2.
To separate at junctures. 3. To
break the natural order and relations
;

[state.

of.

Dis-JOINT'LY, adv.
In a disjointed
Dis-JUNCT', a. [Lat. disjungere, disjunctus, to disjoin.]

Disjoined

arated,

sep-

[tion.

Dis-JUNC'TION,

n.

Dls-JUNT'i'VE,

a.

Disunion separaTending to dis;

join
separating.
n.
A conjunction connecting grammatically two
words or clauses expressing at the
same time an opposition inherent in
the notions.
[junctive manner.
;

Dls-JtJNT'ivE-LY, adv.
In a disDisk, n. [Gr. 67o-<cos. See Desk and
Dish.] 1. A fiat, circular plate. 2.
A, e,

I,

dift

To

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

neglect or refuse to obey.

Dis-ob'li-ga'tion,

n.
Act of dis[ing obligation.
lteleas(50), a.

Dis'O-bli'ging-ly, adv.
in a diso[proper orbit.
bliging manner.
Dis-oRBED', a. Thrown out of the
Dis-or'der, n. 1. Want of order. 2.
Neglect of order or system. 3. Disturbance of the peace. 4. Disturbance of functions of body or mind.
Syn. Disease: irregularity; confusion: tumult; bustle; illness; malady;
distemper. See Disease.
t.
[-ED; -ing.] 1. To throw
2. To make sick. 3.
into confusion.
To disturb the regular operations of.
To disarrange confuse; disSyn.

v.

compose.

Dis-6r'der-li-ness,

a.

State of be-

ing disorderly.

1.
Marked by
Dis-6r'der-LY, a.
doleful
direful.
disorder. 2. Not acting in an orderly
In a dismal man3. Not complying with the
way.
restraints of law. 4. Not regulated
DlS-MAN'TLE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
by the restraints of morality.
deprive of dress, apparatus, furniAct of
DlS-OR'GAN-I-ZA'TION, n.
;

Dis'in-TF.r'ment,

v.

ill

infects,

t.

Dis'o-bey',

obliging,

DiS'lN-FEC'TlON, n. Act of disinfect- Dis-LOY'AL-LY, adv. Treacherously.

1. Mean; unDis'in-gen'u-ous, a.
Dis-loy'al-ty, ix. Want of loyalty
worthy. 2. Wanting in candor or
violation of allegiance.

DlS-IN'TE-GRATE,t*.

Ill

obedient uiauner.
;

repugnance.
[-ed; -ING.]
To have an

t.

Neglecting or

a.

refusing to obey.

DIS'O-BE'DI-ENT-LY, adv.

State of ben.
ing disinclined.
Syn. Unwillingness; aversion; repugnance.
DYs'IN-CLINE', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
excite the dislike or aversion of.
DlS'IN-FECT', r- * [-EO; -ING.] To
cleanse from infection.
n.

radiate

flower.

Dis'lo-cate (45), a. Dislocated.

Dls-OB'Ll-GA-TO-RY
Dis'lo-cAte, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.] Dis'o-blige', r. t. [-ed;-ing.| 'y
adv. In a
[Lat. prefix dis and locate to place.]
offend by an act of unkiudness or in[mor.
To displace to put out of joint.
civility^

Dis-IN'CLI-NA'TION,

Dis'lN-FEGT'ANT,

body.

distaste; antipathy;

v.

a.

dishonor

dishonorable manner.
Peevishness
n.

Dis-HU'MOR,

DTs'o-be'di-ent,

celestial

(-6n'ur-),

Z.

Dis-like', n. Positive aversion.

displeasure
Syn. Disapprobation

shame degrade.

Face of a
Central part of a

4.

Syn. To disgrace
Di-h6n'or-a-el,e

DISPATCH

124
A quoit.

-ing.]
1. To bring
reproach or shame ou. 2 To violate
the chastity of.
3. To refuse to accept or pay
said of a draft which
is due and is presented.

[-ED

i\ t.

ture, equipments, or fortifications.

Dis-MASK/, v. I. To strip a mask from.
To
DlS-MAST', V. t.
[-ED -ING.]
;

deprive of masts.

DIS-MAY',

v.

I.

[-ED; -ING.]

[0. Fr.

esmaier, from des,

strong.]
Sy'N.

notes a continuous state of gloomy njiprehension; to daunt supposes something more sudden and startling: to appall is the strongest term, implying a
sense of terror which overwhelms the
faculties.

n.

Loss of firmness and energy

fear.

Fear; fright; terror; consterna-

tion.

DlS-MEM'BER,
To

V.

divide limb

To

Syn.

disallow.
[L.
V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
Lat. disparagare, fr. dis and paragivm, parity of condition or birth, fr.
par, equal.] To injure by depreciating comparisons to detract or derogate from.
Syn. To decry; undervalue; vilify;
degrade. See Decky.

DlS-PAR'AGE,

[-ED -ING.] 1.
DIS-par'AGE-MENT,
from limb. 2. To
comparison with an

t.

strip of its essential parts.

Syn.
To disjoin mutilate.

Dis-MEM'ber-ment,

ii.

bering mutilation.
[-ed
Dis-Miss', v. t.

dismem-

-ING.]

[Lat.
dimittere, for dismittere, -missum*
mittere,
to
send.]
1.
To
from dis and
send away to cause or permit to go.
;

2.

[organizes.

of.

through
Syn.

connected system

es, equiv. to Lat.

One who disDls-OR'GAN-iz'ER, ii.
and Goth, magan, to be Dis-own'
(91), v. i. [-ed;-ing.] To
distressing fear.
fill
with
To
own.
to
refuse
Daunt appall. Dismay de disavow; disclaim; deny;

ex,

dis,

disorganizing or state of being disorganized.

DlS-OR'GAN-IZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]

To destroy the organic structure or

To remove from office or employ3. To lay aside or reject.

ment.

Dl.s-MISS'AL,w. Dismission discharge.

Dis-MIS'SION (-mTsh'un), n. Act of
dismissing removal discharge.
Dis-Miss'ivE, a. Giving dismission,
or leave ro depart.
DlS-MOUNT', V. i. [-ED -ING.] To
descend to alight from a horse.
To throw or bring down from
v. t.
an elevation, place of honor and au;

Dis'o-Be'di-ence

it.

Neglect or re-

fusal to obey.

o,v,\, long; A,,I, 6, 0, Y, short; care, far, Ask, all,

Dis-pas'sion-ate
passion.
passion.

2.

from

Syn. Calm

thoritv, &c.

Injurious
.
unjust
inferior

depreciation.
Derogation; detraction.
Syn.
One who disDlS-PAR'A-GER, n.
parages.
Dis-PAR'I-TY. n. [Lat. dispar, unlike,
unequal.] Difference in age, rank,
condition, or excellence.
Inequality disproportion.
Syn.
[-ED; -ING.]
DlS-PART',r. t. or i.
To part asunder to separate.
DIS-PAS'SION (-pash'un), n. .Freedom
from passion.

(45),

a.

Free

1.

Not dictated by

cool

composed

tem-

perate.

Dis-pas'sion-ate-ey, adv. Without

passion

calmly.

Dis-patch', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat,

pref. dis and pangere, pactum, to
1. To send off on a
fasten, fix.]

what; ere,

veil,

tum; pique, fIrm son.

;

DISRESPECTFUL

DISPATCHFUL

125

special errand.
2. To put out of the
way to put to death. 3. To dispose of, as business.
Syx.
To expedite hasten speed
conclude slay kill.

to spread wide.
fold.] 1. To unfold
3. To set
2. To exhibit to the view.
in view ostentatiously.
Syx.
To show; parade; expand.
n. 1. Exhibition; manifestation.
2. Ostentatious show
parade.
DlS-PLEAE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] Not
to please
to make angry.

n.

The sending of a messenger

1.

2. Any sending a way.

8.
performance.
4. A message
dispatched or sent off. [eating, haste.

in haste.

Rapid

IVs-PATCH'FUL,

Bent on, or

a.

indi-

Syx.

To offend;

dissatisfy; disgust;

vex; chafe ; provoke.

/
1>;s-pau'per, v. t.
To deprive of the Dls-PLEA'URE(-plezh ur), n. 1. Feeling of one who is displeased. 2. That
claim of a pauper to public support.
which displeases.
[-LED -LING, 133.]
DlS-PEL' ; v. t.
Syx. Dissatisfaction
disapproba;

and pellere,
tion; dislike; anger.
away to cause DlS-PLODE', v. t. &

and

[Lat. displodere,fr. dis

of
2.

a. Dispro-

portional^; inadequate.

Dis'pro-por'tion-al, a.
Not having due proportion.
Dl'S'PRO-POR'TION-AL-LY, adv. TJn
suitably with respect to form, quantity, or value.
[proportioned.

Dls'PRO-POR'TION-ATE (45), a. Not

Dis'PRO-POR'tion-ate-ly, adv. Unsuitably

inadequately.

Dis-PROV'a-ble,

Capable of be-

a.

ing disproved.

DlS-PROVE',

v.

[-ED

t.

prove to be false

[-ED

i.

"Dis-pex'sa-ble, a.
1. Capable
being dispensed or administered.
Capable of being dispensed with.

DIs'Pro-por'tion-a-ble,

To

-ING.]

[Lat. dispellere, pref. dis

To drive
to push.]
to disappear.

-ING.]
plodere,

plaudere, to clap, strike.] To discharge to explode.

Dis-PLO'glON, n. An explosion.
;

Dis'PU-TA-BLE,
disputed

to confute.

Capable of being

a.

controvertible.

Dfs'PU-TANT, ft. One who disputes.

Dfs'PU-T A'TION, ft. Act of disputing

controversy in words.

Dis-PEN'SA-RY, n.
A place where Dls-PLO'siVE, a. Tending to displode. DIs'pu-ta'tious, a. Inclined to dismedicines and medical advice are Dis-PLUME', v. t. To strip of plumes. Dis-pu'ta-tive
pute
apt to
j
given gratis to the poor.
Dis-PORT', n. Play sport diversion.
cavil.
DIs'pen-sa'tion, n.
1 Act of dis[-ED -ING.]
[As if from Dis-PUTE', v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
v. i.
pensing or dealing out
often used
a Lat. word disportare, to carry to
disputare, from dis and putare, to
i>f the dealing of God with his creaand fro.] To play to sport.
1. To
clean, set in order, reckon.]
2. A system of principles,
tures.
Dls-POg'A-BLE, a. Liable to be discontend in argument to debate. 2.
promises, and rules ordained and adposed of.
To strive in opposition to a competigranting of a Dls-POg'AL, n.
ministered.
3. The
1. Act of disposing,
1.
To argue for and
tor.
v. t.
license, or the license itself, to do
or disposing of. 2. Regulation of the
against.
2.
To struggle for thj
what is forbidden.
condition, application, &c, of any
possession of. 3. To call in question
Dis-pen'sa-to-ry (50), a. Granting,
Syx. To controvert; contest; debate.
thing. 3. Authority to dispose of.
ft.
1. Verbal controversy
deor authorized to grant, dispensations.
Syx. Dispensation
management
arrangement; regulation.
n.
A book of directions for combate. 2. Contest struggle.
Syx. Altercation quarrel; disagreeDls-p5gE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
pounding medicines.
ment; difference.
disponere, -positum, fr. dis and poDlS-PENSE', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
Dis-PUT'er, ft. One who disputes.
dispensary, from dis and pendere, to
nere, to lay, set.] 1. To set in order.
Dis-QUAL'l-Fl-eA'TlON,
1. A disn.
2. To regulate.
3. To assign to a
weigh.] 1. To deal out in portions.
qualifying disability especially le2. To apply, as laws to particular
service or use. 4. To give a tendency
)

cases.

Syx.

To distribute;

ecute.

v.

gal disability. 2. Want of qualification.

3. That which -disqualifies.
To dispone of, (a.) To exercise the
power of control over, (b.) To part DIS-QUAL'I-FY, V. t. [-ED -ING, 142.]
with; to get rid of.
1. To render unfit
to incapacitate.
DIS-pod', p. a. Inclined; minded.
2. To_ deprive of legal capacity.
Dis-po'er, n. One who disposes.
Dis-QUI'ET, ft.
Want of quiet un-

or inclination.

administer; ex-

To permit neglect or omis-

i.

sion.

Dis-pens'er, a. One who dispenses.

Dis-peo'ple, v. t. [-ed; -ING.] To Dis'PO-gi'TlON
Dl-SPERM'oiJS,

[Gr.

a.

twice,

fits,

double, and o-jrepju.a,seed.] Containing two seeds only.

Dis-pErse' (53), v. t.
[-ed;-ing.]
[Lat. dispergere, from pref. dis and
sparger e, to scatter.] 1. To scatter
here and there to spread, as knowl;

edge, light,
separate.

(-zish/un), n.

Act

1.

of disposing; disposal; distribution;

depopulate.

&c.

2.

To cause

Syx. To dissipate; dispel;

distribute; disseminate.
Dis-pr'sion, n.

1.

to

diffuse;

Act of dispers-

ing.
2. State of being scattered.
DlS-PiR'IT, v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
To
depress the spirits of.
Syx.
To dishearten; discourage; de;

arrangement.
2. Tendency resulting from natural constitution. 3.
Aptitude of mind resulting from
constitution. 4. Moral character.
Syx. Inclination

tendency. A

man's disposition

is the prevailing spirit

or governing purpose of his mind; his
inclinations are excited states of desire or
appetency; tendencyis a strong determination or proclivity toward some particular mode of action. A man's inclinations are variable; his natural tendencies
are apt ultimately to prevail; but a disposition formed and sustained on the
side of virtue will give him the control
of both, j
Dis'Pos-SEss^-pos-seV or -poz-zeV),

v.

[-ED

t.

To put out

-ING.]

of

possession.

ject.

DlS-PLACE', V. t.
[-ED
To change the place of
2. To discharge
to
Dis-place'ment, n.
;

-ING.]

to

1.

remove

depose.

Dis'pos-ses'sion (-sesb/un or -zSsh'un), n.

1. A putting out of possession. _ 2. Result of the act.

easiness

restlessness.

v.

t.

To render unquiet

-ING.]

turb^
DIS-QUI'E-TUDE
disturbance

(30),

[-ED

Uneasiness

ft.

to dis;

agitation.

Dls'QUl-gl'TION (-zish/un),

[Lat.
disquirere, to investin.

disquisitio, fr.
gate.]
formal or systematic inquiry into, or discussion of, any sub-

ject.

DIs/re-gXrd', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To

to
pay no heed to
to neglect
slight.

Omission to notice.

ft.

Dis-REL'ISH,

Want

1.

ft.

distaste; aversion. 2.
[-ed: -ing.]
v.t.
degree of disgust at.

of relish

Bad

taste.

To feel a
2. To make

1.

nauseous.

DlS-REP'u-TA-BLE,

Tending

to

bring into discredit.

Syx. Dishonorable; low; mean;

dis-

a.

graceful.

1. A displacing
Dis-praise', n. Blame censure re- Dis-REP'u-TA-BLY, adv. In a disremoval discharge. 2. Quantity of
proach
disparagement.
v. t.
reputable manner.
water displaced.
[-ed; -ING.] To censure; to blame. DlS-REPaT-TA'TION, ) ft.
01'
LOSS
DlS-PLANT', v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To Dis-pread', v. t. To spread abroad.
Dis'RE-PUTE',
want of repu)
remove from the place where any Dis-proof', n. A proving to be false
tation or credit.
thing has been planted.
confutation.
Syx. Dishonor; disgrace.
Dis'PLan-ta'TION, n.
Act of dis- DIS'PRO-POR'TION, ft. 1. Wantof pro- DiVRE-SPET', ft.
Want of respect
;

placing removal.
Dis-play', v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
;

desployer,

fr.

des

and

[0. Fr.
ployer, to un-

)R.do,wclf, TOO, TOOK;

f}RN,

portion or of symmetry. 2. Want

of suitableness.
v.t. [-ED
-ING.]
To make unsuitable.

rue, PTILL

I,

silent

or reverence

disesteem

Dis/re-spect'ful,
respect

a.

incivility.

Wanting

in

uncivil.

C.G.so/*; ,&,hard; AS

EIST

NasNG; THIS

'

DISRESPECTFULLY
DTs'RE-sPET'FUL-LY, adv.
disrespectful manner.

who

esp. a Protestant

from

dissents

the church of England.

To Dis-sen'tient. a. Disagreeing; den.
One who disclaring disseut.
sents.
[-ED -IN&.]
To
DlS-ROOT', V. t.
DIs'ser-ta'tion, n.
[Lat. dissertatear up by the roots
to extirpate.

DlS-RORE',

v.

[-ED

t.

divest of a robe

-ING.]

to strip.

Dis-rGpt',

a.

[Lat. disrumpere, dis-

DISTEMPERATURE

126

In a

'

from disseriare, to discuss ]

formal or elaborate discourse a
tio,

loose, free.]
1. To separate into
component parts. 2. To disconnect.
3. To melt; to liquefy. 4. To destroy
the power of. 6. To cause to disappear.
6. To annul
to rescind.
v. i.
1. To waste or fade away.
2.

To be melted.
Dls-goLV'ENT,

disHaving power to
Rent
a.
ruptus, to break asunder.]
dissolve.
quisition.
n.
That which has tho
asunder broken.
Dis-srve' (14), v. t. [-ed -ing.]
power of dissolving a solvent.
Dis-rup'tion, n. A rending asunder
To injure to harm.
[chief. Dlg-soLV'ER, n.
[asunder.
One who dissolve
disrupture.
A rending Dis-sErv'i^e, n Injury harm mis- DTs'so-nance, n. 1. A mingling oi'
Dis-rDpt'ure (53), n.
Mischievdiscordant sounds discord. 2. LisDis-sat'is-f \'tiqn, n. State of be- Dls-SERV'i^E-A-BLE, a.
ous; harmful.
agreement inconsistency.
ing dissatisfied.
Syx. Discontent; displeasure; dis- Dis-sev'er, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [In DIs'so-NANT, a. [Lat. dissonare, dislike.
this word dis augments the significasonans, to be discordant, from dis
Causing
Dis-sat'is-fac'to-ry, a.
tion.]
To disunite to sever.
and sonare, to sound.]
1. Discorddissatisfaction.
ant; unharmonious. 2. IncongruDis-SEV'ER-AN^E, n. Act of dissev-

DlS-SAT'IS-FY, V. t [-ED -ING, 142.]

To render discontented.
Dis-sect', v. t. [ed -ma ]
[Lat.
from dis and
dissecare, dissectum
1. To cut in pieces
secare, to cut.]
for the purpose of examining the
2. To analyze into its
structure.
.

constituent parts.

ering,

[sent.
disdis-

Dis'si-den^E, n. Disagreement;
Dis'si-DENT, (7.
[Lat. dissidere,
sident, to
Dissenting.

apart;

sit

disagree.]
dissents

to

One who

n.

from the established religion

dis-

[neous.
Dls-slM'l-LAR, a.
Unlike heterogeWant of reDlS-3l'jYI / I-L,AR'I-TY, 7i.
semblance unlikeness.
Dis-sim'i-lar-ly, auv. In a dissimsenter,

Dis-SET'I-BLE,

Capable

a.

of be-

ing dissected.

Dis-sec'tion, n. Act of dissecting

anatomy.
Dis-SECT'OR, n. One who dissects.
Dis-SEIZE', v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To
;

dispossess wrongfully.

DIS'SEI-ZEE', n.

manner.
Dis'si-mil/i-tude
ilar

Unlike-

(30), n.

ness; dissimilarity.

[to feign.

Dis-sIm'u-late, v.i. To dissemble;

One put out of pos- Dis-SIM'U-la'tion, n. Act of dissem-

session of an estate unlawfully.

Dis-sei'zin, n. An unlawful dispossession of a person actually seized of

the freehold.

Dis-sei'zor, n. One who disseize*.

DlS-SEM'BLE,r. t. [-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.
dissimulare, fr. dis and simulare, to
like another.]
1. To hide under a false semblance to disguise
2. To make pretense of;
to mask.
to feign.
v. i.
To conceal the real
fact, motives, or sentiments, under
some pretense.
[bles.
Dis-sem'bler, n. One who dissemdissembler conSyn.
Hypocrite.
ceals what he is.
A hypocrite feigns to
be what he is not. When Andre passed
within the American lines in a citizen's
dress, he war a dissembler; Arnold, whom
he went to visit, had long been a hypo-

make

DlS-SEM/I-NATE,

V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. disseminare, -natum, from dis
and seminar e, to sow.] 1. To sow, as
seed. 2. To spread or extend by dis-

persion.

Syx. To

diffuse
late; disperse.

propagate

Dis'si-PATE, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

dissipare, -patum, from dis and an
obs. sipare, to throw.]

To

1.

drive

asunder. 2. To destroy by wasteful

extravagance.
To disperse scatter dispel
Syx.
squander; waste; lavish.

DTs-si-PA'TlON, n.

circu-

seminating; diffusion

Act of
;

dis-

dispersion.

One who

of dissuading.

2.
dissuasive.
(-swa'siv), a.
Tending
An argument to

Dis-suA'sfvE

n.

to dissuade.

deter one from a measure.

DIs'syl-lXb'ic, a. Consisting of two
syllables only.

DlS-SYL'LA-BLE,OrDls'SYL-LA-BLE,
[Gr. Sio-oruAAa/Sos,

n.

and

twice,

fr. Sis,

<7vAAaj3ij, syllable.]

word con-

two syllables only.

Dis'taff

[A.(149), n.
distsef.]
Staff for

S.

holding

the

material

from which the thread

drawn

is

DlS-TAIN',

in spinning.
v.

To

-ING.]

t.

[-id;

stain.

dissipating
cr dispersing. 2. A dissolute course
of life. 3. A state of distracted attention.
Dis-so'CIA-ble, a. Not well associated or assorted incongruous.
Dis-SO'CIAJL, a. Unfriendly to society.
DlS-SO'CI-ATE (-shi-;>t), v. t. [-ED

Di's'TANCE, rc. 1. Space

between two objects. 2.
Remoteness of place
Distaff.
a remote place. 3. Interval of time.
4. Reserve
ceremoniousness.
v.t.
[-ed; -ing.] 1.
To place at a distance. 2. To leave
behind, as in a race.

[Lat. dissociate, -alum, fr.

To sepadis and sociare, to unite.]
rate
to disunite.
Dis-so'ci-a'tion (-shi-a'shun), n.
Act of dissociating disunion.

Dis'TANT,

1.

-ING.]

Dis'so-LU-BLE,

Capable of being

a.

a. [Lat. distare, distant, to

stand apart.]

1.
Standing apart
2. Far separated remote.
Reserved in manners cold.
Dis'TANT-LY, adv. At a distance remotely with reserve.

separate.

3.

Dis-taste', n.

dissolved.

Dis'SO-LUTE

(30), a.

[Lat. dissolvere,

1.

Dislike of food or

2. Alienation of affection.
Syx. Disrelish; disinclination dis-

drink.

dissolutus
See Dissolve.] Abanto vicious pleasures.
Wild; wanton; luxurious liSyx.

centious; rakish; debauched.

the taste of; to disrelish.

doned

Dis-SEM'I-na'tion, n.

Dis-sem'I-na'TOR,

against.

Dis-suad'er, n. One who dissuades.

Dls-SUA'lON (-swil'zhun), n. 1. Act

sisting of

bling ;_hypocrisy.

crite.

ous. _
DlS-SUADE'(-SWad''),1'.*. [-ED; -ING ]
[*Lat. dissuadere, fr. dis and svridere,
to persuade.]
To advise or exhort

like; disgust.

v.

t.

To

[-ED; -ING.]

dislike

Dis'so-LUTE-LY, adv. In a loose or Dis-taste'fue, a. 1. Unpleasant to

[dissipation.
dissolute manner.
the taste. 2. Displeasing to the feelDis-SEN'SION, n. [Lat. dissensio. See DIs'so-lute-ness, n.
Debauchery
ings^
[pleasing manner.
Dissent.] Yiolent disagreement in DiVso-lu'tion, n. l.,Act of dissolv- Dis-taste 'ful-ly, adv.
In a di3opinion; strife; quarrel.
1. A morbid staco
ing. 2. Change from a solid to a Dis-tem'PER, n.
DlS-SENT', v. i.
[-ED; -ING] [Lat.
3.
often refluid state.
Change of form by
of the animal system
dissentire, fr. dis and sentire, to feel,
chemical agency. 4. The breaking
stricted to the diseases of brutes. 2.
think.]
1. To differ in opinion.
bad
temper.
3. A
2.
Ill humor, or
up of an assembly or a partnership.
To differ from the established church.
v. t.
ruin.
5. Death.
6. Destruction
preparation of opaque colors.
n. 1. Act of dissenting disagree- Dl-OLV'A-BL,E a.
the
derange
Capable of being
[-ED
-ING.]
1.
To
ment. 2. Separation from an estabfunctions of. 2. To disturb to ruffle
dissolved.
n.

dis-

seminates.

lished church, esp. that of England.

n.
One who dissents

Dis-sent'ER,

A.,

E,

T,

O, U, Y.long; X.E.L, 5,

t;,

Dissolve',
dissolvere,

Y, short;

v.

t.

from

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

dis

and

solvere, to

Dis-tem'per-a-ture
fusion

disorder.

(53), n. 1.

Con-

Violent

dis-

2.

cAre, FAR. ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM-, PIQUE, FIRM S6N
;

i)ISTEND
turbanee.
tal

4.

Men-

v.

[-ED; -IN6.]

[Lat.
tendere, to

t.

dislendere, from dis and

2.
1. To lengthen out.
stretch.]
To stretch or spread in all directions.

Syn. To

dilate ;
a.

Dis-ten'si-ble,

expand enlarge.
Capable of being
;

twist out of

Syn. To twist;

wrest; deform

Distending. 2.
Space occupied by the thing distend-

Dis-TEN'TION,

n.

1.

ed.

[Gr. Sio-nxo?, Si'otixov, with two rows, of two verses.]

A couple of verses making complete
sense.
(-tik), n.

Dis'TlH-OLJS, a. Having two rows.

DlS-TiLL', v. i. [-Et>,-ING or -LED,
I

To interfere
mind of.

fusion. 2.
agitate the

per-

Syn.

with.

3.

To disorder; disquiet;

To

agitate;

vert; bend.
trouble ruffle; stir; move.
A twisting out of Dis-tOrb'ance, n. 1. Derangement
n.
shape; visible deformity.
of the regular course of things. 2.
DlS-TRACT', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
Confusion of the mind. 3. Public
;

Dis-tor'TION,

distrahere, distractum, from dis and

to
1. To perplex
trahere, to draw.]
2. To agitate by conflictconfuse.
ing passions. 3. To craze.

commotion.

[or disquiets.

ODe who disturbs

DlS-TURB'ER,

distended.

DlS'TIH

To

torquere, to twist.]

shape.

uneasiness.

Dis-TEND',

DIVAN

127

3. Slight illness.

n.
n.

Dis-UN'ION,

Termination of
breach of concord and
1.

union.

2.

part; to

become

1. Confusion of
n.
[disunion.
itsetfect.
Confusion of affairs. Dis-un'ion-ist, n.
An advocate of
4. A state
3. Perturbation of mind.
1.
[-EI3J-ING.]
DlS'U-NITE', V. t.
of disordered reason.
2. To
To destroy the union of.
Syn. Perplexity disorder; dissenTo
v. i.
break the concord of.
derangement; madness.

Dis-TRAe'TlON,
attention.

2.

sion;

Dis-TRAT'ive,
ity

Causing perplex-

a.

separate.
State of separation.
Neglect of use, exer-

Dis-U'NI-TY, n.

distracting.

-LING, 137.] [Lat. destil- DlS-TRAIN', v. t. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat. Dis-U'AGE, n.

cise, or practice.
and stdlare. to drop.] 1.
distringere, to draw asunder, hinder,
2. To flow gently.
Dis-use', n. 1. Cessation of use. 2.
molest.] To seize for debt, without
v.t.
Cessation of custom desuetude.
1. To let fall in drops.
2.
process.
legal
[-ED
-ING.]
To
To obtain by distillation j to rec- Dis-trAin'or, n. One who distrains. Dis-UE', v. t.

DlS-TlL',

lare, fr.

To

ft*

fall in

drop*.

tify.

1. Act of fallDTfs'TIL-LA'TlON, n.
2. Operation of exing in drops.
tracting spirit from a substance rec;

tification.

Dis-tTll'er, n. One who distills.

Building and
Dis-till'er-y, n.
works where distilling is carried on.
Dis-TINT', a. [Lat. distinguere, distinctus, to

distinguish.]

Distin-

1.

guished. 2. Spotted variegated. 3.

Not united by growth or otherwise.
individual.
4. Different
;

Syn. Separate

clear

plain

obvi-

ous.

Dls-TiN"HON,

1.

a.

Marking

off

by

Dis-tratjght' (-trawf),
Dis-TRESS', n.

cease to use or practice,

a. Distracted.

v. t. To
[A.-S. die.

Dis-vXl'UE,

[Lat. distringere, dis-

[disesteem.
to

undervalue

Ditch, n.
See Dike and
1. Extricts.
See Distrain.]
DIG.] A trench in the earth.
v. t.
2.
treme pain of body or mind.
[-ED;
-ING.]
dig a ditch or
To
suffering.
3.
occasions
That which
ditches
in
to
trench.
State of danger or necessity. 4. Act
DiTCH'ER, n. One who digs ditches.
of distraining, or thing taken by disDi'the-im, n. [Gr. 6Ys, twice, and
training.

theism.]
Doctrine of the existence
of two gods, one good and one evil.

Syn. Suffering pain agony misery; calamity; misfortune. See Afflic:

DlTH'Y-RAMB,
To cause DlTH/Y-RAM'BUS,

tion.

v.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

pain or anguish

Dis-TRESS'FUL,

to.

n.

[Gr. Siflupaju-

a kind of

/3os,

in honor of Bacchus.]
ancient Greek hymn in honor of

lyric poetry

An

Inflicting, indicating, or proceeding from, distress.

Capable of
Dis-TRtB'u-TA-BLE, a.
a.

Bacchus.

Dith'y-ram'bk:, a.
ous and boisterous,

Wild impetulike a dithyramb.

2. A wild,
dithyramb.
1. A
enthusiastic poem.
Conspicuous station.
1. To divide Dl'TONE,
tribuere, to assign.]
n.
[Gr. Sitovos, of two
Marking or exDls-TJfNT'lVE, a.
among several. 2. To administer.
tones.] An interval comprehending
pressing distinction.
3. To separate, as into classes, ortwo whole tones.
Dis-TINT'ive-ly, adv.
With dis[utes. DiT'TA-NY, n.
ders, &c.
[From Mt. Dicte, in
plainly.
tinction
Dis-TRIB'U-TER, n. One who distribCrete.]
A kind of aromatic perenDis-TINCT'LY, adv.
With distinct- DiVtri-bu'TION, n. Act of distribnial plant.
Discrimination. 3.
4. Regard
distinguishing quality.
5.
to distinguishing circumstances.
visible signs.

2.

being distributed.
DlS-TRIB'TJTE, V.

n.

[-ED
-ING.]
[Lat. distribuere, -butum fr. dis and
t.

[of being distinct.

uting.
DIt'to, n. [It. detto, fr. Lat. dictum,
Dis-tinT'ness, n. Quality or state
Syn. Apportionment; allotment; dissaid.]
That which has been said;
pensation; classification.
DIS-tL\"GUISH J-ting'gwish), v. t.
adv. As bethe aforesaid thing.
1. Tending to
[Lat. distinguerp, fr. DIS-TRTB'U-TIVE, a.
[ED -ING.]
fore
in the same manner.
distribute dealing to each his propdis and stinguere, to quench.]
1. To
Dit'ty, . [A.-S. dikt, said, dictated,
2. Expressing separation
er share.
note as different. 2. To recognize by
dictum., something said.] A lit-

ness

clearly,

characteristic qualities.
3. To make
to differ.
4. To make eminent.
Syn. To mark; discriminate; discern; perceive; signalize.
to
v. i.
To make distinctions
exercise discrimination.

Dis-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE,

a.

Capable of

being distinguished.

Dis tIn'guished (-ting'gwisht),

a.

Having
Syn.

p.

brated; illustrious.
man is eminent
when he stands high as compared with
conspicuous when
others around him
he is so elevated as to be generally seen
and observed
distinguished when he
;

has something which makes him stand

apart from others in the public view;
celebrated when he is widely spoken of
with honor and respect; iU ustr ions when
a splendor is thrown around him which
confers the highest dignity.
BlS-TORT', V. t. [-ED -TNG.] [Lat.
distorquere, distortum, from dis and
;

6r,dq,wqlf,too, TCKJKj

t}rn,

[tribution

Dl's'TRICT, n.
trict,

Lat.

singly.

By

tle

dis-

[L. Lat. districtus, disdistringere, to draw

from Lat.

region.

v.t.

quarter

To

[-ED -ING.]
;

province

retic properties.
a.
[Lat. diurnalis, from
dies, day.]
1. Relating to the day-

divide into

recurring every day.

2. Daily
Constituting a day.

time.
3.

[-EL-

t.

Excre-

Dl-fJR'NAL,

DI-Or'nal-ly, adv. Dally; everyday.

Dt/u-tOr'NAL, a.
[Lat. diuturnus,
Of long confr. din, along time.]

-ING.] Not
to confide in to mistrust.
n.
1.
Doubt of reality or sincerity.
2.
Suspicion of evil designs.
v.

for Sia,

Dl'ir-RET're, a. Exciting the discharge

n. A medicine with diuof urine.

districts.

Dis-trust',

to be sung.

tion of urine.

asunder.] 1. A defined portion of a

state or city for legislative or elective
purposes.
2. Any portion of terri-

Syn. Division

poem

Di'U-re'sis, n.
[Gr. Si,
through, and ovpov, urine.]

tory.

noted.
conspicuous cele-

distinction

Eminent

ordivison.

DIS-TRIB'U-TIVE-LY, adv.

mod-

tinuance lasting.
DI-van', n. [Per. dhoan.} 1. A book;
2. A council
a collection of poems.

t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
disturbare, from dis and ticrba, disorder, crowd.]
1. To throw into con-

of state the royal court the court

of justice office for customs. 3. An
audience chamber or saloon for company. 4. A kind of cushioned reat.

Dis-trust'ful,
trust

a.

suspicious.

1.

Apt

to dis-

2. Diffident

est.

DlS-Tt}RB', v.

RUE,pyLL;

jg, j,

o, silent

q,Gr,soft;

,G,hard; A; E^ist; ^ a s NG

this.

DIVARICATE
DI-var'i-ATE,

[-ED;

V. i.

DOCUMENT

128
-ING.]

[Lat. divaricare, -catuin, fr. di, for

and varicare, to straddle.] To
v.
part into two branches to fork.
I.
To divide into two branches.
Widely diDl-VAR'l-eATE (45), a.
dis,

vergent.

for ascertaining opinions for and

against a measure.
Syn. To sever; sunder; distribute
;

share; allot.
n. 1. Share of the interest or profit of stock which belongs
2.
number to
to each proprietor.

Div'l-DEND,

be
Dl-VAR'l-eA'TlON, n. 1. A parting;
Di-vid'er, n. One who, or that which,
a forking. 2. A wide divergence.
divides esp., pi., an instrument for
[A.-S. dyDive, v. i. [-ed -ing.]
dividing lines, describing circles, &c.
1. To plunge into
fan. Cf. DIP.]
Div'l-NA'TiON, n. Act of divining;
2. To plunge into
water head first.
augury.
any business or condition. 3. To Di-vine', a. [Lat. divinus,
divided.
;

fr.

sink to penetrate.
J)IV'ER, n. One who dives.
;

DI-vrge'

[-ed; -ing,]

(14), v.i.

and vergere, to bend, inTo deviate gradually from

2. To vary from a
a given course.
[Lat. dis

cline.]

1.

normal

the truth.
Dl-vR'GENCE, )n. A receding from
Di-vEr'gen-CY, J each other in radiating lines.
Di-vr'GENT, a. Deviating gradually from a given point or direction.
DI'VERS_ (dl'verz), a.
[Lat. diversus,
turned in different directions, different, p. p. of divertere.] Several suntype, a

state, or

_dry.

Di'verse,

Divers.]

[See

a.

Differ-

dissimilar.
ent in kind unlike
adv. In different directions.
;

Dl'VERSE-LY, adv.

2. That which diverts.

3. A
drawing of the attention and force of
an enemy from the point where the
principal attack is to be made.
Syn. Amusement; pastime; recrea-

aside.

tion.

ence

A state of

1.

unlikeness.

differ-

I.

Syn. To please;

gratify;

amuse; en-

tertain.

One who, or hat

n.

which, diverts.

Bivertihemen T (de'ver'tez/mong'), n.
[Fr.]
A short entertainment between the acts of longer
'ive a
,

Dl-VEST',

v.

Tending to divert
[-ed; -ING
See

t.

Devest.] 1. To
2. To deprive.

strip, as

of clothes.

[vesting.
DTf-VEST'l-TURE (53), n. Act of diDI-VIDE', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
dividere, from dis and root vid, to
part.] 1. To sever into parts. 2. To
cause to be separate. 6. To apportion.
4. To separate into two parts,
I,

1.

A man

A priest
skilled in

a clergyman.

[ed; -ING.]

2.

divinity.
v. t.
foresee or fore-

To

hence, confused.

2.

Causing

Dp

(do~u),

did;

v.

or auxiliary.

t.

[imp.

done.] [A.-S. don,

1. To perform; to
execute.
2. To produce
to effect.
3. To finish
to accomplish. 4. To
cook completely. 5. To translate.
v. i.
1. To act or behave.
2. To
fare.
3. To answer an end.
p. p.

Goth, taugan.]

Do at, v. i. See Dote.

D6c'lBlL'l-TY, In. Quality of being
Doc'I-BLE-ness,
docible
teach;

ableness

Doc'I-BLE,

docility.
[Lat.
a.

docere, to

docibilis,

from

Easily taught;

teach.]

teachable; docile.

Doc'lLE,

a.
[Lat. docilis, fr. docere,
to teach.] Teachable ready to learn ;
tractable.
[ness to learn.
Do-cYl'i-ty, n. Teachableness readiD6c'l-MA-CY, n. [Gr. SoKifjiao-ia, examination.] Art of applying tests to
ascertain the nature, quality, &c,
of objects.
[ments.
Dcc'i-mas'tic, a. Proving by experiwater.
Dock,
n.
[A.-S.
docce.]
1.
A
plant
Di-viN'I-TY, n. 1. State of being dihaving a long root. 2. [Jcel. dockr]
false
vine. 2. The Deity
God. 3.
Stump
of
a
tail,
or
part
left
after
cutcelestial being.
4.
5. Scigod.
ting.
3. [Lat. doga, sort of ve*
ence of divine things theology.
eel,
Gr.
receptacle.]
artifiAn
Sox*},
Dl-vis/l-Bil/I-TY, n. Quality of being
cial inclosure for the reception of
divisible.
[vided.
vessels.
4. Space between two piers
Di-vis'i-ble a. Capable of being difor ships. 6. Place where a criminal
Di-vis'ion (-vizh'un), n. 1. Act of
stands
in
court.
v. t. [-ED; -ing.]
dividing. 2. That which divides. 3.
1. To cut off; to curtail.
2. To dePortion separated by dividing. 4. Diffrom.
duct
3.
To
destroy or defeat.
ference in opinion or feeling. 5. Sec4. To place in a dock.
[a dock.
tion of an army or fleet, complete in
D6ck'aGe,. Charge for the use of
itself.
Syn. Compartment; section ; sepa- Dock'et, n. [From dock, to cut off
ration; variance; discord.
summary. 2.
a part.] 1.
label
Dl-vis'ION-AL, a. 1. Expressing or
tied to goods.
3.
list of causes in
court ready for hearing or trial. 4.
making division. 2. Belonging to a
[cord.
division.
Any list of business matters to be
Dl-vi'sI'vE, a. Creating division or disacted on.
v t. [-ED -ing.] To
Dl-vi'gOR, n. Number by which the
enter in a docket to mark the contents of on the back.
dividend is divided.
Di-vorce', n. [Lat. divortium, fr. di- Dock'-yXrd, n. A yard near a harvortere, divertere, to separate.] 1.
bor, for naval stores and timber.
legal dissolution of the marriage con- Do'TOR,. [Lat.,fr. docere, to teach.]
1. A learned man.
2. One who has
tract. 2. Separation of things closely
-ING.] 1. To
received the highest degree in a facunited,
v. t. [-ED
v.l.
ulty especially, a physician.
separate by divorce. 2. To disunite.
[-ED -ING.] To attend or treat as
DI-vorce'a-BLE, a. Capable of being

know.

Syn. To foretell predict presage.

y. i. To conjecture.
Di-vine'ly, adv. In a divine manner
bydivine agency.
Di-vin'er, n. One who divines.
Div'ing-bell, n. A hollow vessel in
which one may descend into deep

0,V,Y, long; &,:, 1, 6, Xj,^,

a physician.

divorced.

One who produces Doc'TOR-AL,

n.

divorce.

[vorce.

Dl'-VOR'CIVE, a. Having power to

di-

Dl-VULGE',l\r. [-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.

divulgare, from dis and vulgare, to

make public] To reveal

n. One who

Di-VUL'GER,

pieces.

A, E,

n.

Di-vor'cer,

Di-VERT'er,

m- v R

2. Variety.

[-ED

-ING.] [Lat. divertere, fr. dis and vert ere, to turn.]

1. To turn off from any course, direction, or intended application. 2. To
turn from business or study.
v.

belonging to a deity.] Belonging to,

or proceeding from, God.
Syn. Supernatural godlike; heavenly holy sacred.

1.

Di-vr'si-ty, n.

divus,

Giddy

giddiness. 3. Heedless.
n. A syllable attached to the first
tone of the major diatonic scale lor
solmizatiou.

Do,

Differently;
variously. 2. Jn different directions.
Di-vEr'si-FI-CA'TION, n.
Act of diversifying.
Dl-vER'SI-FORM, a.
[Lat. diversus,
different, and forma, form.]
Of varied forms.
Di-vr'si-fy, v. t. [-ED -ING, 142.]
[Lat. diversus, different, and facere,
to make.] To make diverse or various in form or qualities.
Di-vr'sion (14), n.
turning
1.

Di-vrt',

Di-vul/sion,

n.

to disclose.
divulges.
[Lat. divulsio, from
;

divellere.]
A rending asunder.
DI-vtJL'siVE,a. Tending to pull asunder or rend.
Diz'JEN (dTz'n or dl'zn), v. t. [-ED
-ING.]
To dress gaudily to over;

Relating to the dea.

[tor.
gree or practice of a doctor.
(45), n. Degree of a docDo'TOR-ESS, ) n. A female doctor;

Doc'TOR-ATE
Doc'tress,

woman who

is

physician.

Do'TOR-SHlP, n. Degree of a
D6'TRI-NAL, a. Pertaining

doctor.
to doc-

trine.

Do'TRlNE,n.
tor-]

[Lat. doctrina,

fr.

do

body of princiany branch of knowledge

Instruction

ples, in

tenet.

dress.

DIz'zi-ness, n. Giddiness; vertigo.

Diz'ZY, a. [-ER -est, 142.] A.-S.

Syn. Precept. A doctrine is something to be believed a precept, some;

thing to be obeyed

dysig, gedysig, foolish, insipid.]

short;

1.

Doc'u-MENT,

n.

[Lat.

documentum,

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TEM; PIQUE, FIRM S6N,
J

DOCUMENTAL

trine asserted without sufficient evi-

dence.

To furnish with documents.

la. Pertaining to
DSe'u-MEST'AL,
Dog'U-ment'a-ry, ] documents, or
written evidence

DOMINO

129

docerc, to teach.]
An original or
official paper, relied on as the proof
v. t.
or support of any thing else.
fr

consisting in doc-

uments.

BSd'der, a. A parasitical

Syn. Tenet. A tenet is an article of

which is firmly held. Dogma has
now a somewhat odious sense, from its

faith,

carrying with it the idea of authority; or

undue assumption, as in its derivative
dogmatism.
Dog-mat'ic,
)a. 1. Pertaining to

Dog-mat'I-AL,

vine, which,
decaying at the root, is nourished by
the plant that supports it.

isterial.

a dogma.

Positive

3.

2.

Mag-

authoritative.

DOG-MAT'I-AL-LY, adv. Arrogantly.

Doe-MAT'ICS, n. sing. Doctrinal the-

fish celebrated for its surprising

changes of color when dying.

[A.-S. dol, dvol, dval,
(20), n.
erring, toolish. Cf. DUEL.]
heavy,
stupid fellow.
Doltish, a. Dull; stupid.
Do-MAIN', n. [Lat. dominium, property, ownership, fr. dominus, mas-

Doet

owner.]

ter,

dominion
erty

is

1.

Territory over which

2. Landed propan estate or patri-

exerted.

estate, esp.

mony which one has in his own right.

Do-DE'A-GON, n. [Gr. fiooSexa, twelve,
[Lat. domus, a house.] 1.
ology,
[ion. Dome, n.
and ywi/ta, angle.] A polygon havA building. 2. A cupola. 3. Any
ing twelve equal sides, and twelve Dog'ma-tism, n. Arrogance in opinsimilar erection.
Dog'ma-tist, n. A dogmatizer.
equal angles.
Do-deg'a-he'DRAL, a. Pertaining DOG'MA-TIZE, V. i. [-ED; -ING.] To DOMES'DAY, n. See DOOMSDAY.
[Lat. domesticus, fr.
to a dodecahedron.
assert with bold and undue confi- Do-MES'TIG, a.
domus, house.] 1. Belonging to the
Do-d'a-he'dron, n. [Gr. ^W
dence.
[tizes.
and
house
home.
2. Pertaining to a
Dog'ma-tiz'er, n. One who dogmaor
efipa,
SmSeKo., twelve,

seat, base.]

twelve equal

Dodge,

v.

having

solid
faces.

i.

[-ed

WO
jp--,

Do G'g'-EAR,

n.

turned down
;

-ma.] Dodeca . Dog'-star,

Prob. a modif. of dog, v. t.] heclrons.

1. To start suddenly aside.
To escape
v. t.
To play tricks.

by starting aside. n.
2.

rc.

Corner

magnitude.

first

of

leaf,

like the ear of a dog.

Sirius, a star of the

[that of a dog.

Dog'-trot, n. A gentle trot like

Dog'- watch, n. (Naut.) One of two

Act of skill-

watches of two hours each, the first

fully evading; hence, a dexterous
being from 4 to 6, P. M., the second
from 6 to 8, P. M.
trick.
Do'DO, n. pi. do'doe. An extinct Dog'wood, n. A genus of large
shrubs or small trees.
bird of large size, once inhabiting the
,

Island of Mauritius.

Doe, n. [A.-S.
Doe'skin, n.

[fallow-deer.

Female of the
compact, twilled

da.}

woolen cloth.

Do'ER
actor

Doff,

One who does

(dob'er), n.
;

an

an agent.

v.

t.

-ing.] [From do
put off, as dress. 2.

[-ed

and off.} 1. To
To rid one's self

of.

Dog, n. [Icel. doggr.}

known quadruped.

1.

2.

well-

mean,

worthless fellow. 3. An andiron. 4.

(Meek.) (a.) A grappling-iron, (b.)
An iron with fangs for securing a log.
(c.) A kind of catch or clutch.
v. t.

[-ged; -ging, 136.] To follow into hunt.

sidiously or indefatigably
Dog'-gart, n.
one-horse vehicle
for sportsmen.
[or offal.
Dog'-cheap, a. Cheap as dog's meat
DoG'-DAY, n. One of the days when
the Dog-star rises and sets with the
;

sun, beginning the latter part of Juand ending the beginning of September.

ly,

Doge, n.

Lat. dux, a leader.]

Chief magistrate in the republics of
[It., fr.

Tenice and Genoa.

DoG'-EARJBD,a. Having the corners
of the leaves turned down by careless
usage.

[lily

obstinate.

Dog'ged

[From dog.} Sur(60). a.

1>6g'ged-ly, adv. In a dogged manner; sullenly.

[roseness.

Doi'ly

(148),

n.

Towel.]

[Cf.

small napkin, generally colored.

n. [D. duti, perh. fr. Fr. dViuit,
of eight, as it is the eighth part of a
1.
stiver.]
A small Dutch coin,
worth about half a farthing. 2. Any

Doit,

considered as a family, or
3. Remaining much at home.
Living in or near human habitations.
5. Made in one's own house
or country.
n. A house-servant.
DO-MES'TI-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[L. Lat. domesticare, -catum, from
domus, house.] 1 To make domestic.
2. To act as if at one"s own home.
[ticating.
3. To tame.
Do-mes / ti-A'tion, n. Act of domesDo'MES-Tic'i-TY, n.
State of being
domestic a hotisehold act.

nation

home.

4.

DoM'l-ciEE, n. [Lat. domicilium, fr.

domus, a house.] Place of permanent
[-ED -ing.] To
residence.
v.t.

establish in a fixed residence

to

dom

iciliate.

trifle.

Do-lab'ri-form, a.
pick-ax, and forma,

[Lat. dolabra,

Dom'1-cil'i-A-RY

form.] Having
the form of an ax or hatchet.
<7.E(dol / cha),
)
adv.

DOM'I-CIL'I-ATE,

Do
Dolcemente (-men'ta),

[It.]

(Mus.)

Softly; sweetly.
DOLE,n. [A.-S. dal ; dmlan, to divide.]
1. Act of dealing.
2. That which is
dealt or distributed. 3. Alms char[-ed; -ing.] To deal
ity.
v. t.
out in small portions.
Dole'fue, a. Full of dole or grief.
Syn.Piteous; sorrowful; woful; melancholy; sad; gloomy.
Dole'ful-ly, adv. Sadly.
[mal.
Dole's6me (-sum), a. Doleful; disDoLL, n. [A contr. of Dorothy.} A
puppet or baby for a child.
Dol'lar, n.
[Abbrev. of Joachimsthaler, i. e., a pieca of money first
coined, about 1518, in the valley of
St. Joachim, in Bohemia.]
1. A silver coin of the United States, equal
to one hundred cents.
2. A coin of
the same general weight and value,
several other countries.
DO'LOR, n. [Lat., fr. dolere, to feel
pain.] Pain; grief; distress.
Dol/or-if'I,
) a. Lat. dolor, and

(or -slPya-ry),

Pertaining to domicile.

To

V.

t.

-ING.]

permanent

establish in a
to domicile.

dence

[-ED

resi

[residence

DoM'I-CH/I-A'TION,

Permanent,
Dom'i-nant, a. [See infra.} Ruling
prevailing; predominant.
n. Fifth
tone of the scale.
D6m'i-nate,u. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat
dominari, -natus, fr. dominus, masn.

ter, lord.]
To rule to govern.
Dom'I-na'tion, 11.
1.
Dominion;
government. 2. Fourth of the sup
;

posed orders of angelical beings.

Ruling; impea.

Dom'i-na-tIve,
rious.

[power.

Dom'i-NA'tor, n. A ruler or ruling

DOM'I-NEER', v. i. [-EE -ING.] To
;

rule with insolence or arbitrary

sway.
Do-M'iN'lG-AL, a. [From Lat. dominus, lord.] Indicating the Lord's day,
or Sunday.
Dominical letter, one of the first seven
letters of the alphabet, used in almanacs
to denote the Sabbath or Lord's day.

Do-min'i-can, n. A monk of an order

founded by Dominic de Guzman.
i/6g'ger-ee, a. [Cf.
Low in style, and irregular in meas- Dol'or-if'ig-al, { facere, to make.] Do-min'ion, n. [See Domain.] 1.
Supreme authority.
2. Predominure.
n. Mean, irregular verse.
Causing pain or grief; dolorous.
ance. 3. Territory over which auDog'gish, a. Like a dog churlish.
Doi/OR-otJS, a. 1. Full of grief. 2.
thority is exercised. 4. A governing
Dog'-Lat'IN, n. Barbarous Latin.
Occasioning pain or grief.
Syn. Doleful; dismal; sorrowful.
power of high rank.
Dog'ma, n. ; Enf. pi. dog'MAS La*.
pi. DOG'MA-TA. [Lat.,fr. Gr. Soy.ua, Dol'or-ous-ly, adv.
rule
control
Syn. Sovereignty
In a dolorous
authority; government; region.
fr. SoKelv, to think.] 1. That which is
manner.
held as an opinion.
2. An estab- DoL/PHIN, n.
[Lat. delphin, Gr. SeA- DOM'I-NO,_TO. / pi. DOM'I-NOg, or
lished tenet. 3. A principle of doc6Cv.}
1. A cetaceous mammal.
DOM'I-noes. [It. & Sp., from Lat.
2.

Do&'ged-ness,

n.

moDog-Latin.]

Sullenness

OR do, wolf, TOO, XQOK; urn, rue, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

c,

G-,

soft; , 5, hard;

ARjExist; N

as

NG; THIS.

DON

[Sp., from Lat.

master.] 1. Sir; Mr.;

dominus,
a title of
courtesy in Spain. 2. A grand personage.
v. t. [-NED; -NING, 142.]
|To do on.] To put on.
Do'NATE, v. t. [-ED -IN.] [Lat.
donare, donatum, from donum, gift.]
n.

To give. [Recent.]
Do-NA'TION, n. 1. Act of giving.
That which
Syjt.

Gift;

a present

given

is

2.

a grant.

Oi/l is generic;
a gift intended as a compli-

is

present.

or expression of kindness; a. donation is a word of more dignity, denoting

ment
a

some public
amount.

gift to

large in

POUGH

130

1. A kind of
dominies, master.]
hood.
2. A long, loose cloak, -with
a hood removable at pleasure, used
as a disguise. 3. A person wearing
a domino. 4. pi. A game, or one of
the pieces with which it is played.

Don,

object,

and usually

n.
A gift; a gratuity.
1. Per(57), p. p. from do.
formed; executed. 2. [Fr. donnc,
corrupted in law to done, or done, fr.
donner, to give.] Given out; made
used in the clause expublic
pressing the date of an official pub-

Don'a-tive,

Done

cent

not disclosed, asserted, or in-

v.

t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To
multiply by two to duplicate. 2.
To fold one part on another part of.
3. To contain or be worth twice as

twofold.

sisted on.

DOR'MER,

n.

DOR'MER-WIN'DOW

the
window of a
[Lit.,

much

as.
4. To pass around or by.
(Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files,
so as to form one.
1. To inv. i.
crease to twice as much. 2. To return
upon one's track.
n.
1. Twice as

apartsleeping
Lat. dormire, to sleep.] A

ment.

window

5.

placed

vertically on the
inclined plane of a
roof.
Dormer-window.
DOR'MI-TlVE,
n.
[Lat. dormire, to sleep.]
medicine
to promote sleep
an opiate a soporific.
a.
Causing sleep.
DoR'mi-to-RY (50), n.
[Lat. dormitorium, from dormire, to sleep.] A
room or building used to sleep in.
DOR'MOUSE,77. pi. DOR/MICE. [Lat.

,-

dormire, to sleep, and mouse.] A

small rodent mammal which lives on
trees like the squirrel.
It is usually
torpid during the winter.
Dor'sal, a. [Lat. dorsualis, fr. dorsum, back.] Pertaining to the back.

much.

That which

2.

doubled over

is

a fold. 3. A trick
4. A counterpart.

or together
artifice.

an

DoOb'LE-base, \n. The largest and

Doue'le-bass,
lowest-toned in)

strument in the

violin form.
deceitful,

DoCb'le-deal/ER,/?.
trickish person.

[plicity.

Doub'le-deal'ing, 7i. Artifice duDoue'le-en'TRY. n.

A mode of
:

book-keeping in which two entries

are made of everv transaction.
Doub'le-mind'e'd, a. Having different
minds at different times;

wavering

unstable.

DotJB'LE-NESS, n.
State of being
double or doubled.
DOR-SlF'ER-OUS, a.
[Lat. dorsum,
Dor-sIp'a-rous, J back, and ferr e, Doub'le-QUTck, n.
Fastest step, in
to bear, par ere, to bring forth, bear.]
marching, next to the run, requiring
[made.
Bearing seeds on the back of the leaves.
lic document.
165 steps, each 3 inches in length,
Do-NEE', n. One to whom a gift is Do'RY, n. A canoe or small boat.
to be taken in one minute.
D6NMON (dan/jun), n. [See DUN- Dose, n. [Gr. Socri?, a giving, dose, DOUB'LER, n.
One who, or that
;

GEON.]
castles

massive tower in ancient

also called the keep.

Don'KEY
2.

(150), n. 1.
stupid fellow.

D6n'na,w.

An ass,

or mule.

from Lat. domina,

[It.,

A lady madam; title

given a lady in Italy, [gratuitously.
One who gives or bestows
n.
DOOM, v. t. [-ED; -ing.] 1. To con2.
To
mulct or fine. 3. To
demn.
mistress.]

destine; to fate.
.Judicial sentence

Dooms/day,

n.

[A.-S.

n.

dom.]

penal decree.
A day of doom or
2. Day of the final
;

1.

condemnation.
judgment.

fr. Si&ovai, to give.]

1. Quantity of
medicine given at one time. 2. As
much as one can take. v. t. [-ED

-ING.]

Do'nor,

1.

To form into
To give potions

A book comby order of William the Conn.

queror, containing a survey of all

the lands in England, their ownership, &c.
Door, n. [A.-S. duru, dora, Gr. Svpa,
Skr. dvar, dvara.] 1. An opening in
the wall of a house for going in and

suitable
to con-

doses. 2.
stantly and without need.
Dos'sil, n. [L. Lat. ducillus, fr. Lat.
ducere, to lead, draw.] A portion of
lint in a cylindrical form.
DOT, n. 1. [Perh. corrupt, fr. jot, or
allied to A.-S. dyttan, to close up.]
small point or spot. 2. [Fr^fr. Lat.
dos.]
dowry. v. t. [-TED ; -TINS.]
To mark with dote.

Do'TAGE,n.

Dooms'day-BO'ok,
piled

[Tromdote.]

ishness senility.
ish affection.

2.

Do'TAL,
tis,

1.

Child-

Weak and

fool-

[Lat. dotalis, fr. dos, do-

a.

marriage portion.]
Pertaining
constituting, dower, or com-

to, or

prised in

'

Doublets,

Two dice, which,

n. pi.
when thrown, have each the same
number_of spots on the upper

DOUB-LOON',

DOUBLE,

[From

intellect is

A Spanish

worth about 16 dollars.

DofiB'LY, adv. In twice the quantity.
DOUBT (dout), v. i. [-ED; -ING.]
[Lat dubitare, fr. dvo, two.]
1. To
be in suspense or uncertainty. 2.
To fear to be apprehensive.
v. I.

1. To question.
2. To fear; to suspect
to believe.
1. Uncern.
tainty of mind.
2. Suspicion
apprehension.
3. Difficulty urged for

Stn.
Hesitation.
Doubt belongs to
the understanding, and hesitation to the
While there are serious doubts in
will.

A man

dote.]

face.

[Ir.doublon.
Fee
gold coin,

n.

a.]

solution.

it.

D5'tard,w.
whose

which, doubles.
n.
[0. Fr. doublet, dim.
of double.] 1. Two of the same kind
a pair; a couple. 2. Inner garment
of a man a waistcoat.

Doub'let,

impaired by age.

out at. 2. Frame by which such an Do-TA'TION, n.

[Lat. dotare, to enthe mind, there must be a painful hesitaopening is closed. 3. Means of access.
dow, fr. dos, dotis, dower.] 1. Act of
tion as to the course to be pursued.
DOOR'-KEEP/ER, n. One who guards
endowing a woman. 2. Endowment; Doubt'a-ble (dout'a-bl), a. Capable
a door

a porter

Door'- way
D6r'I,

a.

n.

1.

a janitor.

The passage of a door.

taining to Doris,
or the
Dorian
race, in ancient
Greece.
2.
Be-

dotiaiv.]

Dot'er, n.
Dot'tard,

A
n.

to sleep.]
X,

One who

by

age.

fr. dote.]

n.

Doric Order-

of dormir,
hence, quies-

tled

opinion.

in

doubt

[doubts.

n.
(dout'-), a.
1.
2.

One who
Not set-

Admitting of

not clear or certain.

uncertain issue.
DOUBT'FUL-LY (dout/-), adv.
doubtful manner.

3.

Of

In

Stato
(dout'-), n.
[tionably.

of being doubtful.
[From dote.] A
wading bird allied Doubt'less (dout/-), adv.

(duVl), a.

Douceur

[Lat. duplus, fr.

duplex, twofold, double.]

1. Twoby two. 2. In pairs
3. Vacillating
deceitful.
4. Having several rows of petals produced by cultivation. adv. Twice
fold; multiplied

coupled.

of being doubted.
(dou^-),

Doubt'er
DOUBT'FUL

Doubt'ful-ness

tree.

1,1, 0,U, Y long; X.,%,1, 6, %,, short ; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,
,

To

dotes.

[For dotard,

n.

2.

to the plover.

[Fr., p. pr.

Sleeping

decayed

Doub'le

State of being dormant.

DoR'MANT,a.

[-ED; -ing.] [W. dotio,

1. To have the intellect

Dot'ter-el,
Dot'trel,

phrase of the
Doric dialect.

D6r'man-CY,

of any object.

impaired, especially
be foolishly fond.

longing to an order of columns,

between the Tus-

can and Ionic.

DoR'I-ctgM, n.

establishment of funds for support

Dote, V.*'.

Per-

Douche

present

(doosh), n.

ducere, to

Unquesfrom
a bribe.
[Fr., fr. Lat

(do~o/sur'), n.

doux, sweet.]

[Fr.,

conduct (water).]

jet

or current of water or vapor directed

on some part of the body.
Dough (do), n. [A.-S. dah, dag, fr.

WHAT- ERE,

V.T L,

TERM

PIQUE, FlRlU

S6l5,

DOUGHNUT
Dough'nut

Douuh'ti-ness
or

(do'nut), n.

roundish cake, fried in

small,

lard.

(dou'tl-nes), n. Val-

[A.-S. dohtig,
(dou'ty), a.
dyhtig, from dugan, to be able or
redoubtable.
strong.] Valiant
;

(do'y), a. Like

dough

soft;

[Cf. Gr.
[-ed; -ing.]
1.
Sveiv, fut. Sva-oi, to plunge into.]
To thrust into water to dip. 2. To
strike or lower in haste. 3. [Corrupt.
To exfr. dout (obs.), i. e. do out.]
v.

t.

n. [A.-S. duva, dufe,Tv. dtifan,

to dive.]
A bird of the pigeon fami-

a tame pigeon.
(duv'kSt), n. A small

ly, especially

DovE'-eoT

box

piece, in the

DowN'RIGHTVrTt),arfr.

1. Straight
perpendicularly. 2. In plain
a. Plain; artterms; absolutely.
undisguised absolute.
less
Down'-sit'TING, n. Act of sitting

down

repose.

trampled under

Down'ward,
Down'ward^,
mote

another.
v. t.
-ING.]
To
Dovetails.
unite by a tenon in
form of a dove's tail spread.
;

Dowa-ger,

n.

[See

Dower.]

1.

time.

a.
Moving or extending from a higher to a lower place.

DOWN'Y, a.
2. Made of,
hence, soft

[Scot, daivdie, slovenly,

Cf. Dead.]
Awkward; ill-dressed. n.
awkward, ill-dressed woman.
a.

daw. da, sluggard.

Dow'dy-ish,

An

Like a dowdy.
Dowel, v. t. [-ed, -ing or -led,
-ling, 137.] To fasten together by
dowels.
n.
A pin of wood or metal
for joining two pieces of wood, &c.
Dow'ER, n. [Fr. douaire from Lat.
dotare, to endow.] 1. Endowment;
gift.
2. Property with which a mara.

woman
n.

Covered with down.

1.

or resembling,
soothing quiet.

down

n. [See

Dower.]

1.

gift.

i. [-ed ; -ing.] [A.-S. dwse-s,

divzesig, dysig, dull, stupid, foolish.]
v. t.
To slumber ; to sleep lightly.
n. Alight
To spend in drowsiness.
sieep
a drowse.
(ddz'n). n.; pi. DOZ'JEN (before another noun), or DOZ'ess.
[Fr. dotizaine, fr. do'uze, twelve.]

D6z'N

the same name.

or a widow is endowed.
[Prob. fr. Doullens, in

A kind of coarse linen cloth.

DOWN, n.

[Tcel. ddn.]
1. Fine, soft,
hairy outgrowth from the skin of
animals or plants. 2. [A.-S. dun, fr.
Ir. dim, hill, fortified hill.] A hillock
of sand thrown up by the wind near
the shore. 3. A tract of sandy, level,
and barren land. [Eng.] 4. pi. A
road for shipping in the English
Channel.
prep.
[A.-S. dime, from
dUn, mountain, hill.]
1. In a descending direction along. 2. Toward
the mouth of a river.
adv. 1. In
a descending direction. 2. From a
higher to a lower condition. 3. In a

set of twelve.

Doz'i-ness, n. State of being dozy.

Doz'Y, a. Drowsy; heavy; sleepy.

DRAB,

n.

1.

strumpet

[A.-S. drabbe, dregs, lees.]

2. [Fr.
a prostitute.
;

drap, cloth.] A dull brownish-yellow

a. Of a dun color.
or gray color.

Drab'ble,

v.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

[Cf.

A.-S. drabbe, dregs.] To draggle;

[Drachma.
to wet and befoul.
(dram), n. See
and

Drachm

Dram

DRAH'MA,n. Eng.pl. DRACH'MAK,

Lat.jpl. DRAH'MJE.
[Gr. SpaxM,
;

Grecian silver
a handful.] JL
coin of various value. 2. A Grecian
gr. Troy.

lit.

weight of about 2 dwt. 7

Draff,

n.

Refuse

Draff'y,

[A.-S. drof, draffy, dirty.]

dregs wash for swine.
;

a.

Dreggy

waste

worth-

is

Drag'gle,

dragged, as a

i). J.
[-ed -ing.] [Dim.
of drag, .] To wet and di rty by drawv.i. To become
ing on mud, &c.
wet or dirty by being drawn on the]
;

or wet grass.

fish-net to be drawn
along the bottom of a river or pond.

Drag'o-man
DRAG'ON,

An
n.

SpaKelv, to
eyes.]

1.

[Ar.

(150), n.

man, turdjuman,

fr.

tardju-

tardjama, to in-

interpreter in the East.

[Gr. 8pa/ca>v, prob. from
look, from its terrible

monstrous winged

ser-

2. A fierce, violent
lizard.
person. 3._A northern constellation.

pent or

DRAG'ON-NADE',

[Fr.

n.

fr.

dragon,

dragoon.]
rapid and devastating
incursion, as of dragoons.

Drag'on'2-blood
resinous

(-blud),

substance

n.

brought from

tropical countries.
DRA-GO~ON', n.
[Lat.

draconarius,
standard-bearer, bearing a banner on
figure of a dragon.]
A soldier taught and armed to serve
v. t.
on horseback or on foot.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To enslave, or persoldiers.
2.
To
harass
secute, by

which was the

[onnade.
to force.
Drag'oon-ade', n. Same as DragDrain, v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[A.-Sdrehnigean, from drmhen, drcn, drop,
tear.]
1. To empty or exhaust of.
2. To make gradually dry or empty.
1. To flow off
3. To filter., v.i.
gradually.
2.
To be emptied by
flowing.
n.
1. Act of draining, or
of drawing off.
2. A channel
a
[drained.
trench a sewer.
DRAIN'A-BLE,a.
Capable of being
Drain'aGe, n. 1. A draining. 2. System of drains and their operation.
Drake, n. [L. Ger. drake, 0. H. Ger.
;

antrache,

fr.

anil,

duck, A.-S. ened,

Lat. anas and -rih, ruler, chief.] The

male of the duck kind.
DRAM, n. [Contr. from drachma.] 1.

A weight of
the eighth part of an ounce. 2.
(Avoirdupois Weight.) Sixteenth part
of an ounce.
3. As much liquor as
(Apothecaries^ ~\Veight.)

is

drank at once.

[Gr. fipo/xa,
or DRA'MA, n.
1. A composition,
Spav, to act.]
designed to be acted on the stage. 2.
A real series of events invested with
a dramatic interest.
Pertaining or
DRA-MAT'IC,
a.
Dra-mat'ic-al, j appropriate to a

DRA'MA,

less.

Draft,

Any thing that

net or harrow.

terpret.]

prostitute.

wife of her husband's heir bearing

n.

Drag'-net. n. A

A Doze, v.

widow endowed, or having a jointure.

2. A title in England of a widow of
rank, distinguishing her from the

draw along, slowly or laboriously.

v.i. 1. To be drawn along on the
ground. 2. To move slowly onward.

mud

Trodden down

a.

foot.

From a
adv.
1.
higher to a lower
place or condition. 2. From a re)

Portion given with a wife dower.

a.
Pertaining to
doxology.
Dox-OL'6-GY, n. [Gr. SofoAoyia, fr.
<56<x, opinion, glory, praise.] A short
hymn of praise and honor to God.
Dox'Y, n. [Cf. Ger. docke, doll, baby.]
1. A mistress or paramour.
2. A

form of a

in

ried

sloping.

2.

dove's tail spread, into

France.]

Descending

Dox'o-LOG're-AL,

a corresponding cavity

DOWLAS,

n.

a.

Dowry,

for doves.

Dove'tail. n. A joint
made by letting one

DOW'DY,

Dejected in
descent
Declivity
a.

Down'ward,

tinguish.

Dove,

[-ED

Down'hill,

to pull.
2.
along by main force
To break or harrow, as land. 3. To
;

[spirits.

ruined."

Down'trod'den,

yielding to pressure.

Fallen

(-fawln), a.

Do wn'he art-ed,

down

DOUGH'TY

Douse,

Down'FALLEN

slope.

bravery.

DOUGH'Y

DRAMATIZE

131

daigan, to form, mold.] Flour

or meai moistened and kneaded, but
not yet baked.
G^+b..

a corrupt spelling of
draught.] 1. Act of drawing. 2. A
selection of men frcm a military
band, or from the people at large. 3.
n. [Orig.

An

order directing the payment of

4. A sketch
outline. [See
5. Depth of water necessary
to
float
a
ship.
[See
Draught.] 6. A current of air.

money.

Draught.]

fr.

drama.

[tation.

DRA-MAT'I-AS-LY, adv. ByrepresenDram'a-tis Per-so'iv^. [Lat.]

t.
[-ed;
[See Draught.]
v.
The characters represented in a play.
Downcast, a. Cast downward di-ing.] 1. To delineate. 2. To com- Dram'a-tist, n. Author of a drarected to the ground.
pose and write. 3. To draw from
matic composition.
Down'fall, n. 1 A falling downany company or collection.
Dram'a-tize, r. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
ward.
2. Sudden descent, as from Drag, v. t. [-ged; -ging, 13G.] [A.compose in the form of a drama to
rank or position destruction ruin.
S. dragan.
Cf. DRAW.] 1. To draw
represent in a drama.
low position or condition.
1.
a.
Downcast dejected. 2. Proceeding
from the chief terminus
;

OR,DO,wpLF,TOO,TOOK; urn, RUE, PULL

je, J,

o, silent

q,&,soft; ,&,hard; Ag; EXIST;

NNG;

THIS.

DRAPE
DRAPE,

v.

To adorn with drapery.

clotii.]

Dra'per, n. A
Dra'per-y, n.

dealer in cloths.
1. Cloth, or woolen
stuffs in general.
2. Garments with

Exciting great fear terrible fright2. Venerable in the highest deful.

;

gree.

v.

in a great degree.

v.

Acting with strength or

[A.-S. droht,

(drift), n.

dragan, to draw.]
ing.

2.

(a.)

stronger mid more vivid than

dreadful; shocking strikes with all its
dreadful
force on the moral feelings.
accident; a terrible catastrophe; a shocking exhibition of wickedness.
ble is

Draught

potion,

is

Forces

(Mil.)

(b.)

Dread'ful-ly,
manner

In a dreadful

adv.

awfully.

[dreadful.

A sketch, Dread'ful-ness, n. Quality of being

DREAD'NAUGHT (-nawt), n. 1. A
representation.
(d.

drawn a detachment,
;

or

outline,

fr.

Act of drawdrawn as,

1.

That which

(c.)

garment of very thick cloth, that

Com.) An order for the payment of
can defend against storm and cold.
money, (e.) A current of air. 3.
of
which
draws.
4.
Capacity
That
2._ The cloth itself.
[Iccl. draurnr.
Cf. A.-S.
5. (Naut.) Depth a DREAM, n.
being drawn.
(

ship sinks in water.

6. pi.

A game

played on a checkered board.

Draughtsman (drafts'-, 150), n.

One

who draws

writings or designs.
[imp. drew; p. p.
v.
DRAWN.] [A.-S. dragan. See Drag.]
along;
1. To pull
to haul
to drag.
hence, to entice.
2. To attract
3.
To bring forth to extract to force
out; to derive to win to gain. 4.
To remove the contents of: 5. To inhale; to inspire.
6.
To lengthen
out to stretch.
7. To produce, as
a sketch, figure, or picture. 8. To
form a sketch, figure, or picture of;
to depict.
9. To write in due form.

Draw,

t.

v.

1.

i.

To

pull.

To

2.

practice

the art of delineation to sketch. 3.

To make a written demand for payment of money.
n. Part of a bridge
;

which

is

up or drawn

raised

Draicn game, or

aside.

one in which

battle,

neither party wins.

Drawback,??..

1.

or hindrance.

2.

discouragement
paid back.

Money

DraW-brIdge,

n.
bridge of which
a part is made to be raised up, let
down or drawn aside.
Draw-ee', n. 0::e to
an order
,

whom

or bill of exchange

addressed.
Drawer, n. 1. One who, or that
which, draws.
2 That which is
drawn; as, (a.) A sliding box in a
is

case, (b.) pi.

close under-garment
for the lower limbs.
n.
1. Act of pulling.
2.

Drawing,
A representation

on a plain surface
of the appearance of objects.
Drawing-room (28), n. [Abbrev.
fr. withdrawing room.]
1. A room
to

which company withdraws from

the dining-room.
2. Company assembled in such a room.
Drawl, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [0. D.
draelen, to linger.] To utter in a
slow, lengthened tone.
n. A lengthened utterance of the voice.
;

DRAY,

n.

[A.-S. drzege,

fr.

draw.] 1. A low cart

used for heavy burdens.

Dray'man

(150), n.

dragan, to
on wheels
2.

drag.
at-

A man who

tends a dray.

DREAD,

n.

1.

Overwhelming appre-

hension of danger.
fear.
ji,

E,

I,

3.

An

2.

Reverential

object of fear.

O, u, Y, long; A, E,

I,

a.

1.

dream, joy, gladness.] 1. Series of

thoughts of a person in sleep. 2. An
idle fancy; a re very.
v.i. [-ED
or -T
-ING.] 1. To have images in
the mind, in sleep. 2. To indulge in
;

idle revery

2.

Dressing,

to act.]
violence.

Attention to ap.

3.

parel.
s

i.

gx-eat fear.

which any thing is draped hangings Dread'ful, a. 1. Inspiring dread

fearful.
2. Inspiring awe.
of any kind.
shocking. TerriSyn. Terrible
Dras'TIC, a. [Gr. Spacm/cos fr. Spav,
,

lady's gown.

To fear Dress'er, n. 1. One who dresses.

To be in
A set of shelves for dishes, &c.

[-ED;-ING.]

t.

DRIVE

132
from drap,

[Fr. draper,

t.

;;

to imagine.

To

v.t.

n.
1. Dress.
2. Application to a sore. 3. Manure spread

over land.

4^

Cookery.) Stuffing.

Dress'ing-room,

An apartment

n.

for dressing in.

Dress'y, a. Showy in
DRIB'BLE, v. i. [-ED

dress.

-ING.]

[For

dripple, dim. of drip.]

1. To fall in
2. To slaver
to drivel.
DRlB'BLET, n.
[From dribble.] A
Drib'eet, )
small piece or sum.
Drift, n.
[From drive.]
1. That
which is driven as, (a.) A mass of

drops.

matter which has been forced on-

ward together

its present posi(b.) A drove or flock.

2. Act
or motion of drifting. 3. Direction
along which any thing is driven. 4.
Tendency
object aimed at or intended. 5. Mining. ) A passage for
v.i.
a road under ground.
[-ED
-ING.] To be driven along by a curv.t. To drive into
rent of water.
[floated by water
heaps.

into

tion,

imagine in a dream, or in an analogous state.

DREAM'ER, n. One who dreams.
DrTft'wo"od, n.
Wood drifted or
Dream'y, a. [-er; -est, 142.] Full Drill, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
[A.-S.
of dreams; visionar}\
thyrlian, fr. thurh, through.] 1. To
Drear, a. [See Dreary.] Dismal
pierce with a drill. 2. To sow, as
gloomy.
[ly.
seeds, in rows. 3. To train in the
Drear'i-ly, adv. Clpomily dismalmilitary, or any other art.
n.
1.
Dr.EAR'i-NESS, n. Gloomy solitude.
A pointed instrument for boring
Drear'y (80), a. [-er; -est, 142.]
2. A light furrow to put seed
holes.
[A.-S. dreorig, bloody, sorrowful, fr.
3. Act of training soldiers
into.

dismal.
hence, diligent and strict instruction
Any inand exercise.
by drag- Drilling, n. 1. Act of piercing with
ging.
[-ED -ING.]
1. To
v. t.
a drill. 2. [L. Lat. trilex, from Lat.
catch, gather, or deepen with a
tres, three, and licium,n thread of
dredge.
2. To sprinkle flour on, as
the warp.] A course linen or cotton
dreor, blood.]
Comfortless
[A.-S. drcrge.]
n.
strument to gather or take

Dredge,

on roast meat.

Dredg'er,

n.

cloth.
1.

with a dredge.
dredging meat.

fishes Drill'-plow,
n. A plow for sow^
A utensil for Drill'-plough, ing grain in drills.
A dredging-ma- Drink, v.
[imp. drank (formerly

One who
2.
3.

)
)

i.

DRUNK)

chine.

Dredg'ing-MA-chine', n. An engine to take up mud from the bottom

of rivers, docks, &c.

Dregs, n. pi. [Icel. dregg, Ger.

dirt, mud, trash.]
Feculence

dreck,
;

lees;

grounds sediment hence, the vilest

[or lees.
part of any thing.Dre G'gi-NE ss n
Fullness of dregs
;

DREG'GY,
lees

a.

Containing

dregs

or

feculent.

Drench

[-ed; -ing.]
(66), v. t.
[A.-S. drencean, drencan, to give to
drink, to drench.]
1. To cause to
drink to dose by force to purge viwet
thoroughly
to
olently.
2. To
soak; to saturate, n.
drink;
especially
one
a potion of medicine,
;

p. pr. &
drincan.]

DRUNK

p. p.
vb. n.

liquid. 2.
to excess.

or

DRANK

DRINKING.] [A.-S.
To swallow any thing

1.

To take

v.t.

spirituous liquors

To swallow. 2.
n.
To absorb. 3. To hear or see.
Liquor of any kind to be swallowed.
Capable
of
being
Drink'a-ble, a.
1.

drunk fit for drink.

One who drinks, esn.
pecially to excess.
-PING, 136.] [A.-S.
[-PED
Drip, v.i.
dripan. Cf. DROP.] To fall in drops.
n. 1.
in drops.
fall
To let
v.t.
falling in drops that which drips.
;

Drink/er,

2. Edge of a
Dri'p'ping, n.

roof.

That which

falls in

drops, as fat from meat in roasting.

n.
A pan for the

Drip'ping-pan,

that causes purging.

[dressed or drest.]
fat frornmeat in roasting.
A tablet over winto make straight, to Drip'-stone, n.
raise, prepare.] 1. To make straight
dows, &c, to throw off rain.
hence, to arrange in a straight line
Drive, v. t. [imp. drove p.p. driv-

Dress,

v.

t.

[Fr. dresser,

2. To adjust
to put in
good order; to arrange.
v. i. 1. To
arrange one's self in due position in
a line. 2. To put on one's garments.

to align.

n.

6, 0, y, short

1.

Clothes; garments.

CARE, FAR, ask, ALL,

2.

en.]

1.

drifan.]

[A.-S.

To push

hunt. 3.
To urge on as the beasts which
draw a vehicle, or the vehicle itself.
forward.

4.

2.

To urge,

To chase

to

impel, hurry

WHAT \ ERE, VgIL tem

,

forward.

PIQUE, FIRM S6N,

J

DRIVEL
5. To carry on.
and press -with

DRYER

133

v. i.
violence.

1.

To rush
To be

4.

To bestow indireo-tly.

a3 a curtain.
to fall in drops.

2.

forced along. 3. To proceed by urging on a vehicle or the animals that

draw it. 4. To aim or tend to a
point.
n.
1.
An excursion in a

To

To lower,
To distill;

5.

1.

v. i.

2.

let

drops

fall.

To descend suddenly. 4. To die

suddenly. 5. To cease. 6. To come
unexpectedly. 7. To fall or be de-

3.

;;

sition of medicine, in dyeing, or in

2. Any comchemical operations.
modity not salable.
v. i.
[-GED
-GING, 136.] To prescribe or adminv.t.
1.
To
affect
with
ister drugs.
drugs.
2. To tincture with some-

thing offensive or injurious.

3. To
2. A road for driving.
pressed.
[-ED, -ING or -LED, DR6p'LET,n. A little drop.
dose to excess.
V. i.
[Fr. droguet, dim. of
-LING, 13".] [From the root of drip.] Drop'-let'ter, n. A letter dropped DRUG'GET, n.
drogue, drug, trash.] A coarse, wool1. To let spittle flow from the mouth
into a post-office box, for delivery
n. 1. Slaver: saliva. 2.
en cloth, generally used over carpets.
2. Todote.
in the same town.
carriage.

DRIV'JEL,

Inarticulate
ance.

DrIv'el-er

unmeaning

or

DroP'-sclne,

utter-

A painted

ii.

curtain

which drops in front of the

stage,

DRUG'GIST,

n.

DRU'ID,

[W. derwydd.

ii.

dealer in drugs.
fr. dar, pi.

oak, and gicydd, knowledge.]

Driv'-EL-ler
DROP'sre-AL, a. Diseased with dropsy.
A priest or minister of religion.
DRIVER, .
Drop's Y, n. [Abbrev. from hydropsy, Dru'id-ess, n. A female druid.
a.
Pertaining to
fr. Gr. v8po}\j/, dropsy.]
An unnatu- Dru-i'd'ic,
One who drives beasts or a carriage.
That which communiDruids, or their reral collection of serous fluid in any Dru-id'I-al, )
3. (Mack
ligion,
[the druids.
cates motion to something else.
part of the body.
DrIZ'ZLE, V. i. [-EDI -ING.] [Cf. Dros'ky, ii. [Russ. drozhki, dim. of Dru'id-ism, n. System of religion of
drogi, a kind of carriage.] A pecu- DRUM, ii.
[Icel. trumba, trumpet 0.
dreosav, to fall.] To rain
A.-S.
liar kind of low four-wheeled carSax. drom, noise.] 1. An instrugently.
Fine rain or mist.
n.
Driz'zly, a. Shedding small rain.
riage, used in Russia and Prussia.
ment of music. 2. Any thing resemDroll, a. [-ER -est.] [Fr. drZle, DROSS, n. [A.-S. dros, fr. drcosan, to
bling a drum in form. v. i. [-MED
Ger. drollig.]
oiing.]
Fitted to provoke
fall.]
1. Scum of metals, thrown off
1.
To play a tune on a
laughter; queer: amusing; funny.
in melting.
2. Rust.
3. Waste;
drum. 2. To beat with the fingers.
Syx.
Laughable: comical. Laughrefuse.
[cf being drossy.
3. To throb.
4. To go about to
able is generic, denoting any thing cal- Dross'i-ness, n.
Quality or state
gather recruits, &c.
To exev. t.
culated to excite laughter "comical deComposed of dross imcute on a drum as a tune with out,
notes something humorous of the kind Dross'y, a.
pure worthless.
to expel with beat of drum.
exhibited ia comerfies ; ch-nll stands lower on the scale, beina: derived from Ihc Drought (drout), n. [A.-S. drugadhf Drum'-ma/jor, n.
Chief drummer
French drle, a buffoon or antic, who
fr. dryge, Eng. dry.]
Dryness of the
of a regiment.
awakened laughter by queer tricks, &c.
weather want of rair
Drum'mer, 11. One who beats a drum.
n.
buffoon antic. 2.
1. A jester
Drought'I-ness (drout / -), n. Dry- Drum'mond-ligiit (-lit), ii. [From
A_ farce.
ness of the weather.
Capt. Drummond.] An intense light,
Droll'er-y. n.
Quality of being DROUGHT'Y (drout 7 -)
Wanting
produced by turning two streams of
a.
droll
sportive tricks comicality-.
ignited gas, one oxygen and the
rain dry; arid.
Droll'ish, a. Somewhat droll.
Drouth, n. Same as Drought.
other ljydrogen, upon a ball of lime.
Dro:.i'e-da-ry
Drove, imp. of drive. n. [A.-S. Dru3I'stick, ii.
1.
A stick with
(drum'-),
n.
which a drum is beaten.
1. A
2. Any
draf, fr. dr'tfan, Eng. drive.]
[Lat.
dromas
collection of cattle, driven or for drivthing resembling a drumstick.
(sc.
camehts
Drunk, a. Overcome by drinking
ing. 2. Any crowd.
from Gr. Spo
Drov'er, ii. Onwho drives cattle.
intoxicated inebriated.
fid?, running.
Drown, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. Drunk'ard, n. One who habitually
A species of
druncnian, to immerse, drown.] 1.
drinks to excess a sot a toper.
camel having
To overwhelm in water to deluge Drunk'jen (drunk'n), a. 1. IntoxiDromedary,
one bunch or
2. To sink under water till dead.
cated: inebriated. 2. Pertaining to
3.
protuberance on the back.
To overpower.
v. i.
To be suffointoxication.
DRONE, n. [A.-S. dran, draen.] 1.
cated in water.
Drunk' .en-ness (109), n. 1. State of
Male of the honey-bee. 2. A lazy, Drowse,
[-ed; -ins.] [A.-S.
being drunken
intoxication
v. i.
ineidle fellow.
3.
A low humming
dreosan, drusian, to fall, droop.]
briety.
2. Disorder of the faculties,
sound.
[-ED: -ing.] 1. To
v. i.
ImperTo plumber to dose.
n.
resembling intoxication by liquors.
live in idleness.
2. To give a low,
fect sleep
a doze.
[ner.
Syx. Intoxication; inebriation; ineheavy sound.
[bagpipe. DROW'gi-LY, adv.
briety.
Drunkenness refers more to the
In a drowsy manDrone'-PIPE, n. Largest tube of a Drow's_i-ness, n
habit of excessive drinking; intoxication
State of being
and inebriation to specific acts. The
Dron'ISH, a. Lik3 a drone lazy.
drowsy.
first two words are extensively used in a
DROOL, v. i. [Contr. fr. drivel.] To Drow'sy, a. [-er; -est, 142.] 1.
figurative sense.
drivel, or drop saliva.
Inclined to drowse.
2. Disposed to Drupe, n.
[Lat. drupa, an over-ripe
Droop, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Allied
sleep.
3. Dull
stupid.
olive, Gr. Spv-mra, fr. SpvrreTris, ripto drop.] 1. To hang down, as an
Drub, r. t. [-bed; -bing, 136.] [Icel.
ened on the tree.] A pulpy pericarp
animal, plant, &c, from weakness.
drabba, to beat.]
To beat with a
or fruit, containing a nut or stone
2. To grow weak or faint.
stick.
with a kernel.
To bend flag languish.
J3YH.
To thrash; cudgel; beat; pum- Dry, a.
Syx.
[-er; -est, 142.]
[A.-S.
DROP, n.
[A.-S. dropa, drypa.
See
mel; thump.
dryg, dryge.] 1. Free from moisture
infra.] 1. A globule falling or about
n
A blow with a cudgel.
of any kind arid thirsty. 2. Unto fall. 2. That which resembles a
Shrewd;
plain.
3.
embellished
liquid drop.
3.
Whatever is ar- Drub'ber, n. One who drubs.
[-ed -ing.] [Prob.
sharp sarcastic.
ranged to drop, hang, or fall from an Drudge, v.
a dialectic form of drag.]
To work
Dry goods, cf ths. laces, ribbons, &c^
elevated position. 4. pi. Any mediin distinction from groceries.
n.
One who drudges.
hard.
cine the dose of which is measured
Drudg'er, n. One who drudges a
[-ed; -ING, 142.] To free
v. t.
by drops.
drudge
[hard labor.
r. L
from moisture of any kind.
Drop serene Q3Ted.\an affection of the
Drudg'er-y, n. Act of drudging;
retina, causing; hlindness.
To grow dry to lose moisture.
v. t.
1. DrCg, n. [Fr. drogue, fr. A.-S. dryge, Dry'ad, n.
[-PED: -PING, 136.]
[Gr. Spvas, fr. SpOs, oak,
To pour or let fall in drops. 2. To
drige,~Exig. dry, orig. dry substance.]
tree.]
A nymph of the woods.
let fall.
to set aside.
3. To dismiss
1. Any substance used in the compo- Dry'er, n.
One who dries.
slab(driv'1-er), n.
an idiot ; a fool.
J berer
2.
1. One who drives.
\

in a theater.

d'eriv,

>

?'.

OR, DO,

WOLF, TOO, TO"OKj URN, RUE, PULL E,

;

I,

o, silent

C, G, soft;

v,&,hard;

ASJE2 IST NOUSNG;

)

THIS

DRYING
Dry'ING,

DUODENUM

134

Having the quality of

ft.

rapidly becoming dry.

A small dagger or
[W. dygen, anger, grudge.]

degen, sword.]
2.

its hilt.

n. Quality or state of being

muteness_

dumb;

Dry'ly. adv. In a dry manner.

Anger; resentment; ill-will.
Dumb'-show (dum'slm), n. Gesturo
Dry'ness, n State of being dry.
Duds, n. pi. Old clothes.
without words pantomime.
Dry'-nursf n. A nurse who attends DUE, a. [Fr. dfi, p. p. of devoir, to DUMB'-wait'er (dQm-), n. A movand feeds a child by hand.
owe, Lat. debere.] 1. Owed; proper
able frame by which dishes, &c.,are
;

Dry'-rot,?!. A rapid decay of timber, by -which it is converted into a

dry powder.

Dry'-salt'er,

n.

1.

dealer in

salted or dry meats, pickles, &c. 2.

dealer in drugs, dye-stuffs, and

chemicals.
DU'AD, n.
[Gr. 6W9, fr. 8vo, two.]
Union of two duality.
Du'AL, a. [Lat. dualis, fr. duo, two.]
Expressing, or consisting of, t'.vo.
DiJ'AL-rM, n. Any thiug divided into
two a twofold division.
Du'AL-lST'IC, a. Consisting of two.
Du-AIi'I-TY, n.
1. Division; separation.
2. State of being two.
;

DUB,

v. t.
[-bed; -bing.] [A.-S.
dubban, to strike.] 1. To strike with
a sword and make a knight. 2. To
entitle.

Du'BI-ous,

[Lat. dubius, fr. dubare,

Doubtful in opinion.

a.

to doubt.]

1.

Occasioning doubt.

2.

Of uncer-

3.

tain issue.

Syn.
Doubting unsettled doubtful ambiguous; equivocal uncertain.
Du'BI-ous-LY, adv. Doubtfully un;

certainly,

[certainty.
n. Doubtfulness ua[Lat. ducalis, from
Pertaining to a duke.

Du'bi-ous-ness,

Du'CAL

a.

(30),

dux, leader ]
Du-e'AT, n. [L Lat. ducatus^fv. dux,
leader.]
A coin of several countries
in Europe, struck in the dominions
of a duke
Duc'A-toon', n. A silver coin of
several countries of Europe.
DUCH'ESS, n. 1. Consort or widow of
a duke.
2. Female sovereign of a
duchy.
DUCH'Y, n. Territory of a duke.

DUCK, n

[Ger. tuck, cloth.]

1.

coarse cloth for small sails, sacking

of beds, &c.
2. [From the verb to
duck.] A well-known water-fowl. 3.
An inclination of the head. 4. A
pet a darling.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.]
[0. II. Ger. ttilihan, to stoop, dive.]

To plunge and withdraw to immerse. 2. To bow, stoop, or nod.

v. i. 1. To plunge the head in water.
2. To drop the head or person sud-

1.

denly,

[cringing person.
Duck'er, n.
One who ducks. 2.
Duck'ing-stool, n.
A stool in
which common scolds were formerly
tied, and plunged into water.

2.
to be paid or done to another.
Required by the circumstances becoming; fit.
3. Appointed; exact.
4. Liable to come at any moment. 5.

Dum'found,
DUM'FOUND-ER,

Owing; occasioned.

Dum'my,

adv.

Direct-

1. That which is
n.
ly; exactly.
owed ; a fee an emolument. 2. Just
jtitle or claim.

Du'EL, n. [Lat. duellum, orig., aeontest between two.]

A fight between
two persons to decide some private
v. i.
difference.
To fight a duel.
v. t.
To attack or fight singly.
DU'EL-lST,
H.
One wlio fights in
Du'ee-list, |
single combat.
Du-EN'NA, n.
[Sp. dvenva, duena,
;

from Lat. domina.

An

See Don.]

passed from one story to another.

\

v.

To

t.

dumb

strike

con-

to

[Colloq]

fuse.

1.

11.

One who

a dumb-waiter.
clothing

3.

dumb.

is

figure

2.

on which

locomotive with condensing engines, and,

hence, without the noise of escaping
steam.
DCmp.ji. [Cf. DAMP.] Sadness; melancholy despondency
usually in
the pi.
v. t.
To unload from a
cart by tilting it up.
Driup'isH, a. Dull; stupid; moDing.
DuMP'isn-LY, adv.
In a dumpish
manner.
[dumpish.
DrMP'isii-NESS, v.
State of being
is

exhibited.

4.

woman kept to guard a 3 ounger

one a governess.
DuMP'LING, n.
[Cf. Eng
dumpy;
Du-t', n. [From Lat. duo, two.] A
also D. dompelen, to dip.] A kind of
composition for two performers.
pudding or mass of paste, in cookery.
Dug, n.
[Dan. dugge, to suckle (a DDMP'y, b.
[Cf. Icel. domp, a stout
child.)] A teat, cr nipple, especially
servant-maid.] Short and thick.
of a cow or other beast. v., imp. & Dun, a. [A.-S. dunn.] 1. Of a dark
*p. p. of Dig.
color
swarthy.
2. Gloomy
obDUKE (30), n. [Lat. dux, ducis, leadscure.
v. t.
1. To cure, as coder, commander, fr. ducere, to lead.]
fish, so as to give them a dun color.
1. One of the highest order of nobil2. [-NED ;-NlNG.j [A.-S. dynian.] To
ity next below the Prince of Wales.
beset for payment.
n. 1 One who
2. A sovereign prince, in
[Eng.]
duns. 2. Urgent demand of payment.
some European countries.
D.UNCE, n.
[Orig. a nicknr.n e from
Duke'dom, n. 1. Possessions of a
Duns Scotus, called the subtle doctor,
duke. 2. Title of a duke
who died in 1308.] A person of weak
DOl'CET, a. [0. Fr dulcet, dim. of
intellect
a dullard a dolt.
dols, now doux, Lat. dulcis, sweet.] Dun'der-hEad,
[Prov. Eng.
n.
dunder, same as
1. Sweet to the taste or the ear.
2. Dun'der-pate, )
thunder, used to increase the bad
Pleasing to any.ofc the senses or to
[ening
the mind.
sense of a word.] A dunce.
Dul'CI-FI-CA'TION, n. Act of sweet- DUN'-FISH, yi. Cod-fish prepared so
Dui/91-FY, v. t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]
as to give it a dun or brown color.
old

Excrement of an
[A.-S.]
[Lat. dulcis, sweet, and facere, to Dung, n.
make.] To make sweet to sweeten.
To void excrement.
animal.
v. i.
Dul'ci-mer, n. [Lat. dulcis, sweet, Dun'geon (-jun), n. 1. Donjon. 2.
and Cr. /u.e'Aos, melody.] A stringed
A dark, subterranean prison.
instrument, played on with little Dung'hill, n. 1. A heap of dung.

sticks.

2.

Duel,

[-er; -est.] [A.-S. dol,

a.
dvol, dval, erring, foolish.] 1. Slow
of understanding. 2. Slow in action,
motion, perception, sensibility, &c.
3.

Elunt.

5.

Furnishing

4.

Not bright or
little

clear.

delight or vari-

ety.

Syx. Stupid; doltish; obtuse.

v. t. [-ed; -ING.] To make dull.

v.i.

Any mean

Dung'Y,

a.

Dun'nage,

situation or condition.
Full of dung filthy.
:

[Cf. dun, n ound, and

(Naut.) (a.) Locc e materials
laid on the bottom of a ship to raise
heavy goods above the bottom to
prevent injury by water.
Du'o, 11. [Lat., two.] (Mus.) A duet.
DU'O-DEC'I-MAE, a. [Lat. duodecim,
Proceeding in computation
twelve. ]
11.

dune.]

To become dull.
[dolt.
by twelves.
DiJLL/ARD, n. A stupid person; a Du'o-DEC'l-MAEg, n. pi. A kind of
n.
State 01 being dull
multiplication in which the denomistupidity..
nations proceed by twelves.
j
In a fitting manner.
Du'O-DEC^l-MO, a. [Latin duodecimo,
fluid.
Formed of
Du-MB(dum), a. [A.-S]
fr. duodecim, twelve.]
Duc'TJLE, a. [Lat. ductilis, fr. ducere,
of the power of speech
sheets folded so as _to make twelve
to lead.] 1. Easily led or drawn out
ing to speak silent.
n. ; pi. DU'o-DEC'l-MOg.
leaves.
flexible
pliable.
2. Capable of be- DOMB'-BELLg (dum'-),
1. A book in which a sheet is folded
ing drawn out or extended.
n. "Weights for swinginto 12 leaves. 2. Size of a book thus
DU'T'iLE-ness, n. Quality of being
ing in the hands.
composed ; usually indicated 12mo

Duck'ling, n. A young duck.

Dull'ness,
Duct, n. [Lat. ductus, a conduit.] Dul'ness,
Any tube or canal for conveying a Du'LY, adv.

DU-tit,'i-ty,
ty

DOd'geon
A.,

ductile,- flexibili-

pliableness.

I,

(dud'jun), n.

o, u, y, long; A, ,

DGmb'e Y

[Cf.

I,

6,

Ger.

tj,

DOmb'ness

y, short;

or 12.

duni'iy ) ,adv.

In silence
x.

Dv'o-DE'NVM,n.

mutely.
(dQm'nes),

CARE, FAR, ASK; ALL,

deni, twelve each

WHAT

ERE, VEIL,

TERM

[From Lat. duo*

because

its

PIQUE, FIRM

length
;

s6n,

DUPE

EAGER

135
Dwin'dle

[-ED; -ING.l [O
V. i.
Eng. dwine, A.-S. dvinan, to pine,
vanish.]
To diminish
to waste
away.
v. t.
To make less.
2. To sprinkle with dust.
dust.
[-ed -ing.] [A.-S. deaa Dye, v. t.
1. One who dusts
One who is duped; a gull.
v. t. Dust'er, n.
gan, deagian, fr. dedg, color.] To
L-ED -ING.] To deceive to trick.
utensil for dusting. 2. A light overstain
to give a new and permanent
[Lat. duplus.]
garment, to protect the clothing
Du'PLE (da'pl), a.
color to.
Double.
from dust.
[dye cloth, &c.
jD'PL,I-eATE, a. [Lat. duplicare, -ca- Dust'i-ness, n. State of being dusty. Dy'er, n. One whose occupation is to
Dust'-man (150), n. One whose em- DY'lNG,a. 1. Destined to death mortus, to double.] Double
two-fold.
ployment is to carry away dirt and
tal.
2. Supporting a dying person.
n. That which exactly resembles oifilth.
ls of the saine kind as something else.
3. Pertaining to death.
Du'PLI-SATE. V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To Dust'y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] 1. Cov- DYKE,n. See Dike.
Dy-naM'e-TER, a. [Gr. SvVa/ous, powdouble :_ to make a copy of.
ered with dust. 2. Like dust.
Du'PLI-eA'TiON, n. Act of duplicat- Dutch, a. [N. D. duitsch, German,
er, and fxerpov, measure.] An instruing,
[of a membrane.
ment to determine the magnifying
orig. popular, national.] Pertaining
Du'pli-ca-ture (53), n. A fold, as
to Holland, its inhabitants, or their
power of telescopes.

about 12 fingers breadth.] First

of the small intestines.
[Prov. Fr. dupe, duppe,
Dupe, n.
hoopoa, a foolish bird, easily caught.]
;

is

2.
ticles of earth, or other matter.
The grave. 3. A low condition.
v.t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To free from

Du-PL'ic'I-TY, n. [Lat. duplicitas, fr.

duplex, double.]
Doubleness of
Syx. Double-dealing; deceit; guile.
n.
State or quality

DC RA-BII/I-TY,

of being durable.

Du'RA-ble

(89), a.

[Lat.

language.
a. Performing what duty,
law, justice, or propriety requires.
Du'ti-a-ble, a. Subject to the payment of a duty.
Du'ti-ful, a. 1. Performing duties
required. 2. Controlled by a sense
of duty.
Syx.
Duteous obedient reverent;

Du'TE-OUS,

heart, speech, or dealing.

T/

dumb His,

durare, to last.] Able to endure

or continue in a particular condition.
Syx. Lasting
permanent; stable.
DO'RA-BLE-NESS, it. Durability.
Du'RA-BLY, adv. In a durable manner.
fr.

Dy-nam'I,

DV-NAM'K-AL,

[Gr.

a.

Dy-nam'igs, n.
moving forces.

sing.

Science of

1.

The moving moral

which relate to

2.

forces, or the laws

3.
Department of musical
science relating to the force of mu-

them.
sical

sounds.

DYN'A-MOM'E-TER,

submissive; respectful.

cWa/Ai/co?,

Swap's, power.]

fr.

Pertaining to dynamics.

An

ii.

instru-

Du'ti-ful-ly, adv.
ment for measuring force, especially
In a dutiful
that of animals or machines.
manner.
[dutiful.
Du'ti-ful-ness, n. State of being Dy-nast'I, a. Relating to a dynasty
D u'ra-jiA' ter, n. [Lat.. lit. hard DU'TY, n. 1. That which is due from
or line of kings.
mother;
called mater, because it
one person to another. 2. Service Dy'NAS-TY, ii. [Gr. ovvaareCa., fr. Bvwas thought to give rise to every
rendered
saidesp. of military servaareveiv, to hold power.] A race of
membrane.] Outer membrane of the
vice. 3. Respect
kings, of the same line or family.
reverence; regard.
brain.
4. Tax
DiS'RA-SY, n. [Gr. 8vo-K.po.ala., from
toll
impost, or customs.
DUR'ANCE, n. [Lat. durare, durans, D u- tfjp viR n ; pi. DU- urn' vi-ri.
inseparable pref. Sva-, ill, and Kpacris,
to endure.]
[Lat., fr. duo, two, and vir, man.]
mixture.] An ill habit or state of
1. Continuance
duration^.
the constitution.
2. Imprisonment.
One of two Roman magistrates
Du-ra'tion, n.
united in the same public functions. DYS'EN-TER'ie,
)
a.
Pertaining
1. Durability.
2.
Continuance in time.
Du-um'vi-rate (45), n. Union of two Dys'en-ter 'ig- al j to or affiic ted
with, dysentery.
Du'ress, or Du-ress', n. [Lat. dumen in the same office.
ritia, durities, fr. durus, hard.] Hard- Dwarf, h. [A.-S. dveorg, Icel. dvergr.] DYS'EN-TER'Y, n. [Gr. SvaevTepLa, fr.
ship constraint imprisonment.
An animal or plant much below the
fiver-, ill, and evrepa, intestines.]
InDur'ing. [Originally the p. yr. of dure
ordinary size of the species.
v. t.
flammation of the rectum or colon,
(obs.), to last, no.v used as a prep.]
[-ED; -ING.] To hinder from growwith frequent discharges of mucus
In the time of as long as the action
ing to the natural size to stunt.
and blood.

or existence

Dwarf'ish,

of.

Durst, imp. of Dare.

Dusk, a. [Cf. A.-S. thystre,
tarnish.]

Tending

ish.
n.
twilight.

theostre,

to darkness; dark-

Imperfect obscurity;

1.

2.

color partially black.

DusK'l-LY, adv. In a dusky manner

darkly

dimly.

DCsk'i-ness.

being dusky.
Moderately dusky.
1. Partially dark or obscure.
2. Tending to blackness.
3.
Gloomy melancholy.
Dust, n. [A.-S.] 1. Very fine, dry par-

Dusk'ish a
Duse'y, a.
,

a.

Like a dwarf; Tery

small.

n. State of

[stature.

Dwarf'ISH-ness,

Dwell,

i\

i.

[imp.

Smallness of
p.p. dwelled,

ii.

&

Dys-PEP'si-a,

DYS-PEP'SY,

[Gr. 8vane\}/Ca, fr.

n.

Sva-,

usually DWELT.] LIcel. dvelia, to Dys-pp'TI,

linger, delay.] To abide as a perma- Dys-pep'tic-al,
nent resident, or to inhabit for a time.
dyspepsia
Dys-pep'tig, 11.
Syx. - To reside sojourn continue
:

n.

An

and

neir-

a.

Afflicted with,

or pertaining to,
[with dyspepsia.

person afflicted
(-no/a), n. [Gr. Svanvoia,
and nvor), 771/0177, breathdifficulty of breathing.

DYSP-NCE'A

stay; rest; remain.

Dwell'ER,

ill,

Chronic difficulty

to digest.]
of digestion.

reiv.

inhabitant: a res-

ident,

[domicile.

fr.

8va-.

ing.]

ill,

Dwell'ING, n. Habitation: abode; Dys'U-RY, 11. [Gr. SvaovpCa, fr. Svcr-,

Dwell'ing-house, ii. A house inill, and ovpov, urine.]
Difficulty in
tended for residence.

discharging the urine.

R
(e).

The second vowel and the

fifth letter of the alphabet.

See
Prin. of Pro n. 10-14, 46, and 47.
EACH, a.
[A.-S. ale, elc, equiv. to
a-lic, fr. a. aa, ever, and tic] Denoting every one of tlie two or more in-

dividuals composing a whole, considered separately from the rest.

a.
[Lat. arer, sharp.]
Excited by desire iu the pursuit of any

Ea'ger,
object.

Syx.

Earnest. Eager marks an ex-

cited state of desire or passion ; earnest

denotes a permanent state of moral sentiment or feeling.
child is eager for a
plaything; a hungry man is eager fur
food; a covetous man is eager for gain.
preacher is earnest in his appeals to

the conscience; an agent

is

earnest iu

his solicitations.

OR, do,

wolf, TOO,Iobli; URN, rue, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent; c,G,soft;

.5, hard; Ag; EXIST;

NosNG;

Tils.

EAGERLY

ECHELON

136

EA'GER-LY, adv. With great ardor Earth'I-ness, n. Quality of being

Syn. Quiet; tranquil; secure; calm.
earthy.
Eat, v. t. [imp. eat, or ate p. p.
_ of desire earnestly.
Ea'ger-ness, n. Quality or state of Earth'li-ness, n. 1. Quality of beeat, or EATEN.] [A.-S. etan.] 1.
ing earthly grossness. 2. WorldliTo swallow as food. 2. To rust to
_ being eager.
;

EA'GLE

(3/gl), n.
[Lat. aquila.) 1.

Earth'ling,

A rapacious bird
of the falcon
family.
2.
A
gold coin of the
_ United
an

Ea'glet, n. A young, or diminutive,

Ear, n. [A.-S. eare, Lat. auris.] 1.
Organ or sense of hearing.

2. Atheed.
3. Any thing resembling an ear in shape or position.
4. Spikes of grain.
v.i.
To form
ears, as corn.
;

man, noble.]
of England ranking be[A.-S. eorl,

tip of the ear.

n. Jurisdiction or dignity

of an earl.

_
Ear'less, a. Without ears; deaf.
arl'-mar'shal,i. An officer of
England who orders all great
ceremonials, and is the head of the

state in

herald's

[ear.

office.

Ear'lock, n. A curl of hair near the

Ear'LY (14), a. [A.-S. arlice, from dr,
before.]

appointed

In advance of the usual or

time.
adv. Soon
in

_ good season.
Ear'-mark, 11. 1. A mark on
2. Any distinguishing mark.
J*

the ear.

lEARN,^.

t. [-ED;
-ING.] [A.-S. earnian.] 1. To merit by labor. 2. To
acquire by labor or service.

i"/VR'NEST, a. [A.-S. eornost.] 1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object. 2.

Intent fixed.
Syn. Eager warm
zealous
animated; fervent. See Eager.
n.
1. Seriousness; reality.
2. A
pledge or token of what is to come.
Syn. Pledge. An earnest, like first;

more is coina pledge, like

deposited, affords security and

fruits, gives assurance that

ing of the same kind

money

ground of

reliance.
Washington gave
earnest of his talent as a commander by
saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and thatof his soldiers
during the winter at Valley Forge were
& pledge of their ultimate triumph.

Ear'NEST-ly, adv.
manner.

In an earnest
[earnest zeal.
State of being
;

Ear'nest-NESS, n.
EARN'ING, n. That which

is

earned

wages stipend.
Ear'-r'Ing, n.
An ornament suspended from the ear.
;

,f

Earth

[A.-S. eordke, earth,

(14), n.
eard, region, country.] 1. The globe
world. 2. The dry land. 3. Soil of
all kinds
ground.
4.
region a
;

country. 5. A tasteless and inodorous, earthy-looking, metallic oxide.

v. t. [-ed -ING.] To hide, or cause to
hide, in the earth.
v. i
To burrow.
Earth' board, n. Board of aplow,
_ that turns over the earth.
Eartii'.EN (erth/n), a. Made of earth
or baked clay.
;

5, E,

I,

Earth'-WORIC

0,V,Y, long; A, ,2,6,

(ertlPwfirk),

n.

in

the construction of public works.

2.

A fortification made by throwing up

embankments of earth.
ARTH'-woRM(-wQrm),rc. The comfound in the

soil.

Consisting of, or relating to, earth. 2. Gross unrefined.

Ear'-Wax, n. A viscous substance,
secreted by the glands of the ear.
a.

1.

Ear'wig,

n.
[A.-S. ear-ivigga, from
inear, ear, and wirga, beetle.]
sect which has been erroneously supbrain
posed to creep into the
through the ear.
Ease, ii. [Fr. aise, A.-S. eadh, ready,

An

human

To take

1.

n.

Eat'er,

Eaves,

food.

toil, constraint, stiffness, &c.

Rest; repose; tranquillity; faSyn.

n.
One who eats.
n. pi.
[A.-S. efese.]

Eaves/drop,

v.

portunities of hearing the private

conversation of others.
[drops.

of tide-water toward the sea. 2. Decline; decay.

[-ed -ING.]
v.i.
1. To how back.
2. To decline
to
decayj
decrease.
w
EBB'-TIDE n. Reflux of tide-water.
EB'ON, a. Consisting of, or like, ebony.
Ell'ON-lZE, t'. t
[-ED; -ING.]
To
w make black like ebony.

EB'O-NY,

11.
[Or. c'j3ew>s, e/3eV>j, from
Heb. dben, cben, stone.]
A hard,
heavy wood, of a black color.
E-BRl'E-TY, 11. [Lat. ebrietas, fr. ebrivs, intoxicated.]
Drunkenness.
E'BRI-os'l-TY, n. Partial intoxication.

E-bul'lient
^ bubble.]

wooden

E-Bf/R'NE-AN,

Ease'ment,

n.
gives ease

gently.

a.

lie

Easel.

2. Southern parts of
east of southern Eurising sun.
n.
[A.-S. Eastre, a
goddess of light or

Toward the

East'er, _
East'er-day,

spring, in honor of whom a festival

was celebrated in April.] A festival
commemorating Christ's resurrection.
1. Coming from the
a.
eastward.
2. Situated or directed
the
toward
east.
_
East'ern, a. 1. Situated in the east;
oriental.
2. Going toward the east.
East'WARD, adv. Toward the east.
Ea'ry, a. [-ER; -est, 142.] 1. Free
from pain, care, disgust, or constraint.
2. Affording rest.
3. Not
difficult.
4. Furnishing comfort. 5.

East'er-ly,

Not making

resistance.
6.
straitened as to money matters.

V, , short;

from

Pertaining to

2.

an eccentric. 3.
Not having the same center. 4. Deviating from the usual course.
EG-CEN'TRIG, n. 1. A wheel or di^k,
eccentricity or to

which

[Lat. ebitrneus,
of ivory.

Made
J

ii.
1. Freedom from disease.
2. Act of moving as if
_ with ease.
EAST, Jt. [A.-S.] 1. Point in the heavens where th sun is seen to rise at

from the center.

Eas'i-ness,

the equinox.

Op-

1.

2. Effervescence.

con-

_ venience.
Ea'si-ly adv. With ease

a.

ebur, ivory.]

That
;

(-lisb/un), .

EC-CEN'TRIG,
a.
[Gr. eiacVTpo<;,
Eg-oen'tric-al,
from e*, out of,
and Kevrpov, center.] 1. Deviating

are placed while being

painted.

readily

(e-buPyent), a.
[Lat.
up, fr. bulla,

eration of boiling.
3. Exhilaration.

frame on which pictures

which

n.
boil-

Boiling over, as a liquor.

Eb 7 ul-lT'tion

n. [Ger. escl, ass,

donkey.]

ing over.
ebullire, ebullirnx, to boil

1. To free
[-ED; -tng.]
from any thing that pains, disquiets,
'2.
oppresses.
To
a little.
or
shift
_

Ea'pel,

for op-

Eaves/drop- per, n. One who eavesEuu, n. [A.-S. ebba, ebbe.] 1. Return

cility; readiness.

v.t.

Asia,
rope.

Lower

To watch

i.

ance, trouble,

taste

Freedom from pain, disturb- E-BUL'LIENCE (-btiPyens),

E-bul'LIEN-CY (-bul-yen-s^),

easy.]

tress

To

2.

Fit to be eaten ediAny thing to be eaten.

a.

edges of the roof of a building.

1.

Removal of large masses of earth,

mon worm

v. i.

or relish.

Eat'a-ble,
ble.

n. 1. Rootof a certain
umbelliferous plant. 2. Seed-vessel
and seed of a leguminous plant.
Earth'QUAKE, n. A shaking of the
earth, due to subterranean causes.

EARTH'Y,

_ low a marquis.
EAR'LAP, n. The

Earl/dom,

[eagle.

Earl (14), n.
A nobleman

a mortal.
Pertaining to earth
2. Of all things on

a. 1.

Earth'-Nut,

dollars.

Sharp-sighted, as

a.

eagle.

tention

waste or wear away.

Syn. To consume; devour; corrode.

inhabitant of

not spiritual.
earth possible.

Eagle.

worth ten

States,

KA'gle-EYD,

the ear tn

Earth'ly,

An

n.

Not

its axis of revolution out of

center of figure, for obtaining alternate motion. 2. An odd person.
Eg-CEN'tric-al-ly, adv. In an ec-

having
its

centric manner.
Eg'cen-trio'i-ty,
.

ii.
1. State of being eccentric oddity, whimsicalness.
2. Deviation from the center.
;

EG-CLE-'gl-Aff'Tl-e,

EG-GLE'SJ-AS'TiG-AL,

church.]

Eg-cle'si-as'tic,
a

a.

[Gr.

e-

K\y]<ria, the
Pertaining to the church.

n.

A clergyman;

priest.

Eg-cle/si-as'tic-al-ly, adv. In an
ecclesiastical manner.
EG-GLE/gi-AS'Ti-ci'sjv^n.

Strong

t-

tachment to

ecclesiastical obtr-r[ing to ecclesioh j,

EG-GLE'gl-O-LOG'IC-AL, a. Bclong[Gr. ha VrjEC-cle'sj-ol'o-uy, n.

ances.

o-ta,

church, and

Ao-yo?, discourse.]

Science of church building

and deco-

ration.

EcH'E-LONfesVe-lon),

n.

[Fr.,from

CARE, FAR. ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TEPvMJ PIQUE, FIRM; S6N.

ECHINATE
military body with one division more
advanced than another.
a. [Lat. echinatus, fr.
Ech'LNA'ted, j ecliinus.] Prickly,

EdH'I-NATE,
like

a hedge-hog.

E^H'i-nite,

n.

E-Hl>NUS,n.;
fr.

fossil

1.

[Lat.,

hedgehog.

and applies money to the best advantage Ed'I-FICE, n.

[Lat. sedificiuni , from
frugality cuts off all indulgences, and
A large buildazdificare, to build.]
proceeds on a system of rigid and habitstructure
ing
a
a fabric.
ual saving parsimony is frugality car- w
One who edifies.
ried to an extreme, involving meanness Ed'I-FJ/er, n.
of spirit and a sordid mode of living. Ed'i-FY, v. t. [-ED -ING, 142.] [Lat
Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a
aedificare, from xdes, a building, and

2.

sea-hedgehog. 3. A form of molding.

EGH'o (ek/o), n.;pl. ech'oes. [Lat.,
from Gr. r)xu>-] A sound reflected or
reverberated to the ear.
v. t. [-ed
-ING.]
1. To reverberate or send
back. 2. To repeat with assent.
v. i. To be echoed to cause an echo.

Frugality may lean to the one or

the other according to the motives from
which it springs.

-e'STA-SY,

[Fr.,fr. eclater, to
burst, explode, shine brilliantly.] 1.

eKo-Taats, from
1.
place.]

[Gr.

put out of

eicrravai, to

the mind is carried

away beyond the reach of ordinary
impressions.
2 Excessive joy rapture transport. 3. Insanity.
;

Eg-stat'ig,
Eg-stat'ig-al,

a.

1.

Rendering one

beside one's

self.

religion, &c.
Eg-leg'ti-cjsm:, n.
An eclectic system, as of piiilosophy.
E-GLIPSE', n. [Gr.
e/cAeii/us, prop, a
HHlfc>>
\!J-

_
E'DILE,

from

[Lat. sedttis,

ii.

sedes,s,

building.] A Roman magistrate, who

had the care of buildings, highways,
public places, &c.

E'DLLE-SHlP, n. The office of edile.

Ed'IT, 1). t. [-ED; -ING.] [hat. edere,
editum, to give out, publish.] To
prepare for publication.

[Gr. ot/cov/Aevt-

a.

from

/cog,

o'lkov-

the inhabited world.]

2
General universal.
E-da'cious, a.
[Lat. edax, fr. edere,
Greedy voracious.
to eat.]
E-dac'I-ty, n. Greediness; voracity.
Ed' DA, n.
[Icel., lit. great-grandfiivri (sc. yrj)
;

Brilliancy of success or effort. 2. Applause.

E-LE'TI, a. [Gr. e*cA.eKTtKos, from
e/cAeyeu/, to pick out.]
Selecting
choosing at will.
n.
One who follows an eclectic method iu science,

facer e to make ] To instruct and im I

prove, especially in moral and religious knowledge.

A state in which

E-LAIR'eiSSE-MENT (or e-klar'siz2. Rapturous.

mong'), n. [Fr.] The clearing up Ec'U-MEN'IG,
of any thing not easily understood.
E^yu-MEN're-AL,
ECLAT(e-k\a.'), n.

vice.

echinus.

E-HPNi.

pi.

Gr. d^iVo?.]

EFFACE

137

Position of a

echelle, ladder, scale.]

mother (i.e. ,of Scandinavian poetry).]

One of two mythological books of the
old Scandinavian tribes of German

E-dPtion

(-dish'un), n.
1. Publication of any literary work. 2. Whole
published
at once.
number
of
copies
w
Ed'IT-OR, ii.
One who prepares, superintends, and corrects a book or
newspaper, &c, for publication.

EDaT-o'Ri-AL (89), a.
an editor.
n.
An

Pertaining to
by the

article

w editor of a newspaper.

Ed/it-o'ri-al-ly, adv. In the manner or character of an editor.

-

Ed'it-or-shi'p, it.
Business or office
of an editor.
Ed'dy, n. [A.-S. ed, backward, and
running water.] 1. A backward cur- Ed'tj-gate, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
educare, educatum, from educere, to
v. i. [-ED
rent. 2. A whirlpool.
falllead forth, bring up.] To bring up
forsaking,
-ING, 142.] To move as an eddy.
1. An into cultivate and discipline the variing.]
E-DEM'A-TOUS, a. [Gr. oi%/.a a
terception or obous powers of the mind.
swelling.]
PerE-dEm'a-tose, j
inform
Syn. To instruct teach
scuration of the Eciipses. S,sun; E,
serous
taining to, or affected with, a
earth
moon
breed ;_ train.
light of the sun
humor.
Ed'u-ca'tion, n. Act or process of
or moon, by the intervention of some E'cen, n. [Ileb. Men, delight.] The
educating tuition nurture.
other body. 2. Temporary obscuragarden where Adam and Eve first
Syn. Instruction teaching breedv.t.
[-ed; -ING.]
tion.
1. To
ing. Education includes the whole
dwelt.
darken or hide
said of a heavenly E-DEN'TA.TE,
course of training, moral, intellectual,
) a.
[Lat. edentare,
and physical. Instruction and teaching
body. 2. To throw into the shade.
edentatus, to renE-den'ta-ted, )
apply to the communication of knowlE-LIP'TI, n. The apparent path of
der toothless.] Destitute of teeth.
edge, the latter term being the more fathe sun, or the real path of the DGE(6j),n.
[A.-S. ecg.]
1. Thin
miliar of the two. Breeding relates to
earth.
a. [Gr. e(cAei7rTi:ds, belongthe manners and outward conduct.
cutting side of an instrument hence,
ing to an eclipse.] 1. Pertaining to,
Pertaining to
that which cuts as an edge does. 2. ED'u-A'TlON-AL,,a.
or described by, the ecliptic. 2. Per[motes education.
Any sharp terminating border. 3. w education.
taining to an eclipse.
ED'TJ-GA'TION-IST,
ii.
One who proAcrimony; severity. 4. Early part;

V^.

origin.

ea,

'

>

Ee'LOGUE

Ed'u-ga'tor, n. One who educates.

E-duce', v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
[Lateducere, from e, out, and ditcere, to
tit. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To furnish
lead.] To draw forth, as if from conto sharpen.
2. To
with an edge
cealment.
Syn. To elicit; extract.
urge or egg on. 3. To move by litv. i.
To move side- E-DUG'TlON L n. Act of drawing out.
tle and little.
[omy.
E-dul'go-rate, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
_ aged with frugality.
ways and gradually.
E'CO-NOM'IG-AL-LY, adv. With econ- Edge'-bone (20), 11. A bone of the
[Lat. e, out, and dulcorare, -ratum,
E'0-NOM'IS, n. sing. 1. Science of
to sweeten.]
1. To render sweet
to
rump, which, in dressed beef, predomestic and interual management.
sweeten. 2. (Chem.) To purify.
w sents itse_lf edgewise to view.
2. Political economy.
Edge'-tool, n. An instrument hav- E-DiJL/GO-RA'TiON,n. Act of edulE-ON'o-MiST, n. 1. One who econocorating.
ing a sharp edge.
mizes. 2. One who is conversant Edge'wise, adv.
In the direction EEL,n. [A.-S. ill.] A species of softwith political economy.
finned, snake-like fishes.
[edge or border.
of the edge.
E-GON'O-MIZE, v. t. [-ed -ING.] To EDG'ING, n. That which forms an Eei/pot, n. A kind of basket usee!
expend with frugality.
To ED'I-BLE, a. [From Lat. edrre, to
v. i.
for catching eels.
make a prudent use of money.
E'en. A contraction for Even.
Fit to be eaten eatable.
eat.]
E-ON'o-MY, a. [Gr. olnovoyila, from E'DIGT, n. [Lat. edictum, fr. edicere, E'ER (ar). A contraction for Ever.
oZkos, house, and vojao?, law, rule.]
[Lat. e/fabi/is. from
to declare, proclaim.] A special proc- Ef'FA-ble, a.
1. Management of domestic affairs.
Capable of being
effari, to utter.]
lamation of command or prohibi(.ik/log), n.

[Gr. e/cAoyTj,

a picking out, collection, especially

of passages in authors.] A pastoral

poem a bucolic an idyl.
E'GO-NOM'IG,
1. Domestic. 2.
( a.
f
70-NOM're-AL,, j
Saving of waste
and unnecessary expense.
3. Man;

beginning.
Rim
Syn.

verge
brink; keenness.
;

skirt

margin

2.

Internal, pecuniary

management

of any undertaking, corporation, &c.

3. System of rules and regulations.
4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping.
Syn. Frugality; parsimony. Econ-

omy

avoids

OR, Dp,

all

waste and extravagance,

WOLF, TOOj IOt>KJ

uttered or explained.

tion.

Syn. Regulation

decree; ordinance;

manifesto.

Ed'i-fi-ga'tion, n. Act of edifying;

a building up, especially in a religious sense.

C"RN, RTJE, PT/LL

E,

I,

O, silent

Ef-face',

-ing.]
v. t.
[-ED
[Fr.
effacer, prop, to destroy the face or
form, fr. Fr. face, face, form.] 1. To
erase or scratch out to rub off. 2.
To remove from the mind.

C, G, soft; , G, hard;

AS; EXIST

as

NG THIS
;

;;

DEFACEMENT
Syn. To expunge;
cancel; destroy.

Ef-FACE'MENT,
Ef-FEGT',

n.
Act of effacing.
[Lat. effectus, from effi-

n.

produce.]

cere, to

That which

1.

produced by an agent or cause.

is

2.

Impression produced. 3. Efficiency.

5. pi. Goods
General intent.
movables personal estate.
Syn. Consequence; result.
v.t. [-EB; -ING.] [Lat efficere,
tffectum, from ex, out, andfacere, to
make.] 1. To produce, as a cause,
or agent. 2. To bring to pass.
Ef-fegt'i-ble, a. Capable of being
4.

'

[tion.

effected.

Ef-feg'tion,
Ef-fegt'ive,
to produce
;

Creation or producSuited or tending

a.

n.

effects.

Efficient

Syn.
al

operative

efficacious
forcible.
;

effectu-

relief,

Ef-FEGT'ive-LY, adv. With effect.

EF-FEGT'iVE-NESS, n. Quality of be[maker.

or drawing.

Ef'flo-eesce'

(-reV), v.

[-ed

i.

-ING.]
[Lat. effiorescere, from ex,
out, and Jiorescere, to begin to blossom.]
1. To change to a whitish,
mealy powder.
2. To become covw ered with a whitish crust.
Ef'flo-res'cence, ) n. 1. Time of
Ef'flo-res'^ien-CY, J
flowering.
2.
Eruption, as in rash, &c.
3.
Formation of the whitish loose powder on the surface of efflorescingbodies.
4.
Powder or crust itself
w thus formed.
Ef'flo-res'OENT, a. 1. Liable to
effloresce.

Covered with an

2.

tism.

Syn. Conceited;
E-GRE'GloOs,a.

mon men

n.
1.
flowing out.
issues.
[Lat. effluere, effiuFlowing out.
ens, to llos/ out.]
Ef-flu'vi-um, n. ; pi. ef-flu'vi-a.
[Lat., fr. effluere, to flow out.] Nox-

going out

of a Turkish state

title

(-veV), v.
[Lat. effervesnre,

-ING.]

official.
i.

fr.

and fervescere, to begin boiling.]

To bubble and hiss.
Ef'fer-ves'oenoe, \n. A kind of
Ef'fer-ves'cen-cy, J natural ebof,

Ef-fuse', v.t.

[-ed;
ex, out

[-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
effundere, effusum.] To pour out, as
a fluid; to spill.
EF-FU'glON, n.
1. Act of pouring
out.
2. That which is poured out.
Ef FU's'iVE a. Pouring. forth largely.
Eft, n. [A.-S. efete.] The common

ullition.

smooth newt.

Ef'FER-ves'OENT,

a.

Ef-fete',
out, and

To urge on; to insti[See Edge.]

from ex,
w S ate
produc- Egg-nog',
n. A drink of eggs beaten
barren.
up with sugar, milk, and wine.

Gently boiling
v or bubbling by disengagement of gas.
Ef'fer-ves'ci-ble, a.
Capable of
producing effervescence.

Ef'fi-ga'cious,

a.

[Lat. efficax,

fr.

produce.] Producing the

intended effectual powerful.
EVFl-eA'cioiis-LY, adv. Effectually.

Ef'fi-ga'cious-ness,
Ef'fi-ga-cy,
fects

n.

Power

to

produce efj
production of the effect in-

tended.

Syn.

Virtue;

EfVi'cienoe

force; energy.
(-fish'enss), In.

flslVen-), j
Quali(
of being efficient. 2. Power of
producing the effect intended.
Ef-f'i'cient (ef-nsh'ent), a.
[See

ty

n.

Causing effects.
Agent or cause which produces.
v.

t.]

Ef-fi'cient-LY, adv. With effect.

Ef'FI-gy, n.
[Lat. effigies, fr. effingere, to form, fashion.]
Image; a
a, e,

i,

dg.]

[Fr.
(-tin or -tin), n.
eglantine, fr. 0. Fr. aiglent, brier, fr.
aiguille, needle.]
A species of rose
the sweet-brier.
E'GO-iSM, n. [Lat. ego, I.] 1. Subjective idealism.
2. Excessive love
of self; egotism.
E'GO-'iST, n. A believer in subjective idealism
one given to egotism.
E'GO-TISM, n. Practice of too often

hence, self-praise.

Syn.
Self-conceit ; vanity.
Selfconceit is an overweening opinion of
one's self: er/otism is the expression of
self-conceit in words or fictions
vanity
is inflation of mind arising from the
idea of being thought highly of by others.
man may be rain or self-conceited, nnd yet have sense enough to avoid
egotism.
:

o,v,y, long; &,,!, 6, C,y, short; care, far, ask, all,

fr.

egredi,

Act of leaving
Act

n.
egress.
[See Aigret.]
2.

1.

of

The

Feathery or
[monds, &c.

gypsy(a), interj. An expression of inqui.

_ry or slight surprise.

El'DER (I'der), In. A

Ei'der-duck, speI

cies

of

sea-duck,

which produces an*

uncommonly

fine

down.

EI'DER-DOWN, n. Eider-duck.
Down of the eider-duck.
Eight (at), a. [A.-S. eahta, ahta.]
Twice four in number.
of four

and

n.

Sum

four!

ElGHT'EEN (at'een), a Twice nine.

n. Sum of ten and eight.
ElGHT'EENTH (ut'eenth). a. Next in

order after the .'seventeenth.

n. 1.
One of eighteen equal parts.
2.
Eighth after the tenth.
Eighth (atth), a. Next in order after
the seventh.
n. One of eight equal
(

[eighth place.
(atth/ly), adv.
In the
EIGHT'I-ETH (at'i-eth), a. Next in
order after the seventy -ninth.
n.
One of eighty equal parts.
EIGHT'Y (at^v), a. Eight times ten.
n.
of eight times ten.
_
Ei'ther (3'tb.er or T'tlier ; but analoparts.

ElGHTH'LY

Sum

gy, as well as the best and most general usage, is decidedly in favor of
e'tker), a. or pron. [A.-S. agd/ier, fr.
a, %v, ever, and hradlier, whether.]
2. Each of
1. Cne or the other.
two. - conj. Used as correlative to

i";

re-

Eh

using the word

n.

lesser white heron.

hairy crown of seeds.

Eg'ean-TINE

1.

Ef-fi'cien-oy

Effect,

[A.-S.

n.

efficere, to

effect

spheroidal
body containing the germ of a bird
or other animal.
v. t. [-ED -ING.]

[Lat. efficetus,
faztus, pregnant,
a.

Worn out

tive.]

Egg,

remarkable

Greatly

E-grette', n. A tuft of feathers, dia

E-gyp'tian, a. Pertaiuing to Egypt
n.
1. A native of Egypt.
2. A

n. [Lat. egressus,

E'gret,

generally in

E-gres'sion (-grcsh'un^

Ef'fer-vesoe'

markably.

E'GRESS,

or actions

Syn.
Extraordinary
monstrous; precious.
E-gre'gioDs-ly, adv.

That which

a.

lit.,

a bad sense.

to go or come out.]
or power to leave.

Ef'flu-ence,

Ef'flu-ENT,

vain; self-important.
[Lat. egregius,

chosen from the herd, i. e., distinguished.] Distinguished from com-

efllo

Ef-fegt'or, n. One who effects a

iou.T exhalation.
Ef-fegt'u-al, a. Producing, or having power to produce, an intended Ef'FLUX, n. [Lat. effluere, effluxum.]
Emanation efiiuencc.
effect; adequate.
Effusion effluviEf-FECT'u-AL-LY, adv. With effect. Ef-flux'ion. n.
um
emanation.
EF-FEGT'U-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
Ef'fort (ef'furt), n. [Lat. fortis,
To bring to pass.
strong.] Exertion of strength, whethEf-fem'i-na-^y, n. Unmanly delier physical or mental.
cacy womanly weakness.
Syk. See Enueavoi:.
Ef-fem'i-nate (45), a. [Lat. effeminare, -natus, to make womanish.] Ef-FRONT'ER-Y, n.
[Lat. effrons,
Soft or delicate to an unmanly degree.
Excessive assurance;
shameless.]
Ef-fem'i-nate, v.t. [-ed; -ing.]
saucincss.
To make womanish.
Ef-ful'gence, n. Extreme brillianEf-fem'i-nate-ly, adv.
Weakly
cy great luster.
delicately.
[softness. EF-FUL'GENT,a.
softly
[Lat. effulgere, efEf-fem'j-nate-ness, n. Unmanly
fulgens, to flash forth.] Diffusing a
Ef-fen'di,h. [Turk.] Master: sir;
bright.
flood of light shining
;

E'go-tIst, n. One who repeats Lhe

word /very frequently.
E'go-tist'ig,
a. Addicted to, or
E'go-tist'ig-al, J
showing, ego-

rescence.
2.

ing effective.

EJECT

138
likeness in sculpture, painting, bass-

erase; obliterate;

or.

E-JA'U-LATE,

V. t.
T-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. ejaculari, -latvm, fr. e, out, and
jaculari to throw the javelin.]
To
throw out, as an exclamation.
,

E-J.X^U-LA'TION, . Uttering of a
short, sudden exclamation or prayer,
or the exclamation or prayer uttered.

E-.tXg'u-la-to-ry (50), a. 1. Casting or o. 2. Suddenly darted out.

E-JEGT', v. t.
[-ed; -ING.] [Lat.

what; ere,

ejicere,

ejectvm,

to throw.]

1.

fr. e,

out, nndjacere,
out. 2. To

To throw

veil, TlsEsa; pique, firm; s6n,

EJECTION
;

E-JEGT'ment,

n.

Expulsion

1.

ejection.
2.
species of mixed action, for the recovery of possession
of real property.
E-jegt'or, n. One who ejects.
Eke, v. t. [-ed ; -iNa.] [A.-S. eacan,

Gr. avijecv.]
tend. 2. To
adv.
long.

1. To increase
to exadd or supply to pro[From the preceding.]

In addition

also

E-LAB'O-RATE,

V.

[-ED

t.

America, immensely rich

hence, any
gems, &c.

in gold,

country

abounding in gold, or other precious

w products of_ nature.

El'e-GAM-PANE', n. [Lat. inula, helenium, and L. Lat. campana, a bell.]

-ING.]

[Lat. elaborare, -ratum, fr. e out, and

laborare, to labor.]
To produce or
perfect with labor.
E-lab'o-rate (45), a. Wrought with
labor; highly finished.
[labor.

E-LAB'O-RATE-LY, adv. With great

E-lXb'o-ra'tion, n. 1. Act of producing with labor state of being so
produced.
2. Natural process of
formation or assimilation.
[rates.
;

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

v. t.
eligere, electum, fr. e, out, and legere,
2. To
1. To pick out.
to choose.]

E-LEGT',

select for

Syn.

an

office

To choose

by vote.
;

[From Gr.

a.

ekavueiv, to

Springing back; recovering

former figure.
n. Agtrter.
E'LAS-tic'i-ty, n. 1. Quality of being elastic
springiness.
2. Power
of recovery from depression or overwork.
drive.]

its

is

passing.

as connected with electricity, or af-

a.

1.

Chosen

2. Set

selected.

apart to eternal life. 3. Chosen, but

not invested with office.
1.
n.
Onechosen or set apart. 2. pi. Those
who are chosen for salvation.

E-LE'TION,

n.
[Lat. electio, fr. eligere, to choose.]
1. Act of choosing,
esp. of choosing a person to fill an
office

n.

Sci-

ence which treats of the development

of magnetism by means of voltaic
of the
electricity, and
currents
evolved.

prefer; select. See

E'LES-TROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. 7)Ae/crpov, amber (for electricity), and

measure.]
An instrument
measuring the quantity or inten-

fxerpov,

for

sity of electricity.

E-LEG'TRO-SGOPE, 11. [Gr. yXettrpov,

amber (for electricity), and o-kottos,

An instrument to detect
changes in the electric state of bodies.
spying.]

E-LEG'TRO-TYPE, n.
Gr. rjkeKTpov,
Power of
amber (for electricity), and twos,
Discrimian impression.] A stereotype taken
[

or employment.

2.

choosing; free will.

3.
nating choice. 4. Predetermination
of individuals as objects of salvation.
5. Those who are elected.
E-LEC'TION-EER', V. i. [-ED -ING.]
To use arts for securing the election
of a candidate.
;

a.
1. Making selection.
Pertaining to, or consisting in,
choice.
Dependent on choice.
3.
Elective affinity. (Client.), a tendency
to unite with certain tilings rather than
2.

silently, as time.

of electricity

E-leg'tro-mag-net'ig, a. Designating what pertains to magnetism,

fected by it.
A plant whose root has a pungent
A sweet-meat from the root. E-leg'tro-mag'net-ism,

1.

E-L Xb'O-RA'TOR, n. One who elaboE-LA'INE, n. [Gr. eA.cii.Vo?, of the olive.]

Liquid principle of oils and fats.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
E-L APSE', v. i.
elabl, elapsus, fr. e, out, and labi, to
slide.]
To glide by to pass away E-legt'ive,
E-lXs'tig,

magnetic by being placed within p

coil of wire through which a current

taste. 2.

Choose.

likewise.

ELEMENT

139

drive away. 3. To dispossess of ownership or occupancy.

E-JEG'TION, n. 1. Act of ejecting expulsion.
2. State of being ejected.

with others.

By

E-LECT'ivE-LY, adv.

by electric
by which

deposition, or the process

this is effected.
v. t.
To take copies of by
electric deposition.
E-leg'tro-typ'er, n.
One who
makes electrotypes.
E-LEGT ; U-A-RY,n. [Gr. e/cAeiKTov, e/cAeiyjua, a medicine that melts in the

[-ED; -ING.]

mouth.]
A medicine comnosed of
powders, made up into a confection.
El'EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY,^. [Gr. eAeij^q-

carry out, to
raise.]
To exalt the spirit of; to
flush with success.
[of mind.
E-la'/TION, n.
Inflation or elevation

mercy, alms.] 1. Relating

2. Given in charity of
Supported by charity.
has the right of choice or vote.
n. One who subsists on charity.
E-legt'or-al, a.
Pertaining to, or El'E-GAN^E, )n. 1. Beauty resultEl'e-gan-CY,
consisting of, electors.
ing from the comE-lgt'or-ate(45), n. 1. Dignity of
plete absence of that which deforms
an elector. 2. Territory of an elector.
or impresses unpleasantly. 2. That
which is elegant.
E-LEGT ; RESS, n. Wife or widow of
an elector in the German empire.
Syn. Grace. Elegance implies something which is, produced by training and
E-eeo'TRIG,
a.
1. Pertaining

EL'bow,

E-LEG'TRIG-AL,

E-LATE',

a.

elatum,

efferre,

raised;
confi[Lat.

to

[A.-S. elboga, elnboga,

n.

eln,

up;

Flushed with
[-ED; -ING.]

elevated.
2.
dence.
v.t.

from

Lifted

1.

an

ell, orig.

fore-arm,

and

boga, bow.] 1. Joint connecting the

fore-arm.
2. Any bend or
angle, especially if obtuse.
v. t.
[-ED -ING-.] To push with the elbow.
v. i.
To jut into an angle
to project.
[arms for the elbows.
El'BOW-Chair, n.
A chair with

arm and

El'bow-room,
the elbows
tion.
Eld, n.

[A.-S.]

people.

3.

Room

n.

room

for

1.

to

move

motion or ac-

Old age.

2.

Old

Old times.

Eld'ER, a.

[A.-S. ildra, compar. of aid,

eald, old.] Older
more advanced in
age; senior.
n. 1. One who is older
a senior. 2.
ancestor. 3.
person occupyi ig any office appropriate

An

to such as have the experience and

dignity which age confers. 4. [A.-S.
ellam.] A genus of plants having
white flowers and dark-red berries.

w
ELD'er-ly, a. Somewhat old.
1.
Eld'er-ship, n.
Seniority.
Office of an elder.

ELD'EST L <z.

l Do-ra'do,
[Sp.]

or,

or

elects, or

3.

or containing,

to,

electricity.
2. Capable of occasioning electrical phenomena.

E'leg-tri'cian

(-trlsh'an), n.

One

versed in electricity.

E'tEG-TRlC'1-TY,

n.

[Lat. electrum,

elegance of manners, composition,

handwriting, &c.; elegant furniture, an
elegant house, an elegant mansion, &c.
Grace is a lower order of beauty. It
may be a natural gift; the manner of a
peasant-girl may be graceful, but would
be hardly called elegant. Grace is opposed to awkwardness.
El'e-GANT, a. [Lat. elegans, fr. eligere, to select.] 1. Pleasing by grace
and beauty. 2. Exercising a nice
choice.
Beautiful polished refined.
Syx.
w
El'E-GANT-LY, adv. In an elegant
art, as,

Gr. r\keKrpov, amber;

so named
as being produced by the friction of
amber.]; 1. A subtle agent, evolved
in any disturbance
of molecular
equilibrium, and exhibiting itself in

a variety of ways. 2. Science which

unfold.< the phenomena and laws of
manner.
the electric fluid.
E-le'gi-ag, or El'e-gi'ag (117), a.
E-leg'tri-fi'a-ele, a.
1. Belonging to elegy, or written in
Capable of
receiving electricity.
n.
elegiacs.
2. Lsed in elegies.
E-LEC'TRI-Fi, V. t.
[-ED; -ING, w Elegiac verse.
[egy elegiac.
;

and

[Lat. electrum.

face.re, to
make.] 1. To charge with electricity.
2. To give an electric shock to.

142.]

3. To excite suddenlr
to surprise.
E-LEG'TRIZE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
:

electrify.

n.

That

science which treats cf the agency

of electricity in ejecting chemical

El Do-rX'do. E-leg'tro-mag'net,

fabulous region in South

alms.

changes.

Oldest.

avvr), pity,

to charity.

One who

n.

E-LEC'TRO-GHEM'IS-TRY,
2.

choice or

preference.

E-legt'or,

n.

of soft iron, rendered

DOjWOLFjXOOjIObii; Orn, rue,ptjll;

e,

I,

o, silent

A mass

temporarily
e, G, soft;

KL'E-GT'AG-AL,

Pertaining to elEl'e-g'Ist, n. A writer of elegies.

EL'E-GY, n. [Gr. eAeyia, fr. eAeyX,
a lament, fr. e e keyeiv, to cry woe
woe !] A mournful or plaintive poem
w a funereal song.
El'e-ment, n. 1- [Lat. eleinentum 1
One of the simplest parts or principles of which any thing consists. 2.
One of the essential ingredients. S.
pi. Fundamental principles of any
system in philosophy, science, or ait;

e,H,kard; AS

a.

ejist

as

ng;

this.

J;

ELEMENTAL
rudiments. 4. That which ancient
philosophy supposed to be simple

and undecomposable as, air, earth,

water, aud lire hence, the state natural to any thing, or suited for its
;

[ments.

w existence.

EL'E-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to eleEL'E-MENT'A-R (44), a. 1. Having

or constituent
part.
2. Pertaining to, or treating
of, elements.

only one

principle

Syn. Simple; uncompounded;

mentary

rudi-

Elephant.

El'e-phan'tine,

a.
Pertaining to,
or resembling, the elephant; huge.
EL'EU-SIN'J-AN, a. Pertaining to secret rites in honor of Ceres, celebrated at Eleusis, in Greece.
l/e-vate, V. t. [-ED; -1NG.] [Lat.

elevare, -vatum fr. e, out, and levare,

to lift up.] 1. To lift to a higher
place. 2. To raise to a higher station,
intellectually, socially, or morally.
3. To make louder, as the voice.
Syn.
To exalt erect elate ; cheer ;
flush; excite; animate.'
,

El/e-va'tion,

n.

Act of

1.

raising.

Condition of being raided exaltaAn elevated place or station.

4. Drawing of the front view of a machine, building, or other object.

2.

tion. 3.

and limen,

threshold.]

1.

E-lim'1-na'tion,

n.

1.

Act of ex-

line.

Any

thing which

invigorates.

E-liz'a-beth-an, a. Pertaining
Queen Elizabeth or her times, or

to
to

a style of architecture then prevan.

elc/i.]

[A.-S.
A quad-

ruped

of
stag kind.

or urchin.
Elf- ike: mischievous, as

Elf'ish, a.
though caused by ebes.
E-LIC'IT, v. t. [-ED; -ING.]

[Lat.

and

lacer?,

elicere,

elicitum

to entice.]
light.

fr. e

out,

To draw out

to bring to

v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
elidere, fr, e, out, and Isedete, to strik

To cut off or
suppress, as a syllable.
El'i-gi-bIl'i-ty, n. 1. Capability of
being elected. 2. Fitness to be chosen.
A-

E,

I,

of

n. [A.-S.] A tree
several species,

much

E-LIDE',

with force against.]

ELM,

used as a
w shade tree.
EL'o-cir'TiON,
n.
[Lat. elnciitio,

from

speak out,
declare.]
Mode of
utterance or delivecloqiti, to

ry,

accompanied

with gesture.

El'O-CU'TION-A-RY,
to elocution.

O, V,Y,long; Ajlij^O.ttjY, shott;

El'o-QUENC'e,

1.

ii.

unli-

Expression of

strong emotion so as to excite like

emotions in others.
o

is

2.

That which

eloquently uttered or written.

El'o-quent,

[Lat.

a.

eloqui,

elo-

qvens, to speak out, to declaim.]

Expressing, or adapted to express,
M strong emotions with eloquence.
El'o-QUENT-LY, adv. In an eloquent

manner.
a.

& pron.

same as

[A.-S. elles,

one or

Other;

otherwise.]

adv.

Otherwise;

if

&

conj.

the facts

different.

place.
nitely.

cloth - measure, of different

lengths in different countries

Else'where,

n.
[A.-S.
eln, Lat. ulna.]

2.

adv. 1. In any other

In other places indefi-

E-LU'CI-DATE,
Elk.

v.

[-ED;

t.

-ING.

[L. Lat. elucidate, -datum, from lucidus, light, clear.] To make clear to
explain _to illustrate.
E-LU'CI-DA'TION, n. 1. Act of elucidating. 2. That which elucidates
explanation illustration.
;

A little elf

1. Beside. 2.

n.

a. Drawn out at length.

v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [L.
Lat. elongate, -gatum, from Lat. Iongus, long.] To lengthen to extend.
E-LON-GA'TION, n. 1. A lengthening
out protraction extension. 2. That
which lengthens out. 3. Departure;
intervening space.
E-LOPE', v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
hleapan, to run, jump, leap.] To run
away
said especially of a woman

eljes,

ELL,

Lat.

fr.

A funeral

E-lon'gate,

w were

[Fr.,

oration.

something beside.

the

n.

elogium, a short saying.]

ELSE,

lent.

ELK,

is
el-

censed departure.

[Ar. el-iksir, the philosopher's stone, the life-prolonging

tincture of gold.]
1. A compound
tincture. 2. (Alchemy.)
liquor for
transmuting metals into gold. 3.
4.

(a'lozh'),

who runs away with a lover.

ELECT.] E-lope 'ME NT, n. Private or

E-L1X'IR, n.

Quintessence.

Eloge

One who
a teacher of

n.

versed in elocution
ocution.

To cause E-lon'gate,

to disappear from an equation.

2.
To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry.

The English ell is 45 inches.

El-lipse', n. [See infra.] An oval or
$EL/E-VA'TOR, n. One who, or that
oblong figure, bounded
which, elevates; especially, a meby a regular curve.
chanical contrivance for lifting grain, EL-LIP'SIS, n. ; pi. EL&c, to an upper floor.
LIP'SEg.
[Gr. e'AAeiEllipse.
E-LEV.EN (e-leVn), a. [A.-S. endleof,
^is, a defect, fr. eAAeifr. Goth, ains, ain, one, and lif, ten.]
rretv, to fall short.]
Omission a figTen and one added.
syntax,
ure of
by which one or more
n. Sum of ten
and one.
words are omitted.
E-lev'enth, a. Next in order after EL-Lip'soiD, n. [Gr. eAAei^ts, and
the tenth.
A solid, all plane secn. One of eleven equal
euSos, form.]
tions of which are ellipses or circles.
w parts of a thing.
ELF, n. ; pi. ELVER. [A -S. elf, af, EL-LiP'TIC,
a. 1. Pertaining to,
A diminutive and mischiev- El-lip'TI- AL J or having the form
elfen.]
ous spirit, supposed to inhabit wild
2. Defective.
of, an ellipse.
and desert places.
v.t. To entan- El-li'p'tI-al-ly, adv. 1. Accordgje intricately.
ing to the form of an ellipse.
2.
Elf'-lock, n.
Hair twisted into w With a part omitted.
knots, as if the work of fairies.
EL'LIP-TIO'I-TY, n. Deviation from
ELF'IN, a. Relating or pertaining to w the form of a circle or sphere.
elVes.

l'o-U'tion-ist,

ELITE (a'leef), n. [Fr. See

A choice or select body.

SIS, n. [From its likeness to the

elephant's hide.]
disease of the
skin, attended with destruction or
deformity of the part affected.

a.
1. Legally qualified.
2. Worthy to be chosen
desirable.
l'i-gi-ble-ness, n. Suitableness
desirableness.
[ner.
w
EL'l-Crl-BLY,a</r. In an eligible manE-LIM'I-NATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. eliminare, -natum, fr. e, out,

vowel in the following

large ivory tusks. It

the largest quadruped now existing.
is

TI'A

EL'I-GI-BLE,

pelling.
2. The causing a quantity
to disappear from an equation.
E-Lls'ION (-llzh'un), n. [See ELIDE.]
The cutting off of a vowel at the end
of a word standing before another

primary.

EL'e-piiant, n. [Gr.
eAe'^as.] A quadruped characterized by
a proboscis, and two

El'E - PHAN-

ELYSIUM

140

E lu'ci-da/tive,
E-LU'^I-DA/TOR,

a.

n.

Making clear.
One who eluci-

dates.

E-lube',

[-ed;

-ING.]
[Lat.
eludcre, fr. e, out, and ludcre, to
play.] 1. To avoid by artifice or
2.
To remain unexdexterity.
v.

t.

plained or undiscovered by.

Syn. To evade avoid escape; shun
;

flee;

mock.

E-lud'i-ble,

a.

Capable of being
[or deception.

eluded.

E-LU'siON, n. An escape by artifice

E-LU'siVE, a. Tending to elude.
E-lu'so-RI-ness, n. State of being
elusory.

E-LU'SO-RY, a. Tending to elude.

Syn. Evasive; fraudulent; fallacious;
deceitful.

E-LtJ'TRI-ATE,

V.

t.

[Lat. elutriate, -atum.]

[-ED

-ING.1

To purify by

washing.

'

The same as Elf.

Elv'ish, a. Pertaining to elves.
E-LYs'l-AN [-Yizh'i-an), a. Pertaining
to Elysium, or the abode of the

ELVE,n.

blessed after death.

E-lys'i-Hm

(rlMi'i-),

n.

Eng.

pi.

Lat. pi.
E-LYfi' i-ttMg (-Hzh / i-);
E-LYS.'1-A (-lizhi-). [Lat. Elysium,

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VglL, TR3SI5 PIQUE, FIRM; SON.

ELYTRON

Space formerly occupied by

n.
then a square type,
the letter"
used as a unit by which to measure
the amount of any printed matter.

E-MA'CI-ATE

{-ma/shi-,

95),

v.

i.

-ING.] [Lat. emaciare,-atum,

out, and macies, leanness.] To
[ed.
lose flesh gradually.

[-ED

fr. e,

E-ma'ci-ATE (-ma/shi-), a. EmaciatE-MA'ci-a'tion (-shi-a/shun), n. Con-

m'a-nant,
nating

lean.
[See infra.]

a.

Em-BOD'i-ment,
bodying.

whoje

Ema-

passing forth into an act.

-ING.] [Lat.
V. i. [-ED

n.

[Fr.

is

embodied.

to incorporate.

EM-BOGUE',

v.

shmboucher,

[Fr.

i.

imboccare, of a river, to empty,

Lat. bucca, cheek, cavit}'.] To
discharge, as a river, its water, into
the_sea or into another river.
It.

fr.

Em-eold'N

(-bold'n), v.

[-ed;

t.

-ING.] To give boldness to to encourage.

(ong'bong/pwong'),
[Fr. from en bon point, in good
n.
Plumpness of person
condition.]
;

embassa-

Embonpoint

dew, ambassa-

Act of em-

1.

not how to decide or act. We are

embarrassed when there is some bar
or hindrance upon us which impedes
our powers of thought, speech, or motion. A school-boy is puzzled by a difficult sum; a reasoner is, perplexed by the
subtleties of his opponent a youth is
sometimes so embarrassed before strangers as to lose his presence of mind.
Em-bar'rass-MENT, n. State of perplexity, entanglement, or confusion.

Em-bas'sa-dor,
Am-bas'sa-dor,

n.

That which

2.

EM-bod'y, v. t. [-ed; -ing, 142.]

1. To form into a body
to invest
with matter.
2. To collect into a

know

becoming

dition of

EMBRYO

Syn.
To perplex: puzzle. We are
puzzled when our faculties are confused
by something we do not understand.
We are perplexed when our feelings as
well as judgment, are so affected that we

Em,

14l

Gr. 'HAv'o-iov.] (Myth.) A dwelling

place of happy souls after death
hence, any delightful place.
El'Y-tron, in.; y/. el'Y-TRA. [Gr.
El'Y-TRUM, j
e'Avrpov, fr. ekueiv, to
roll round.] One of ttie wing-sheaths
in the tribe of beetles.

deur, Goth, andbahts, servant, messenger.]

A minister of the highest
rank sent by one government to another, as the personal representative

[border.

fleshiness.

Em-bor'der,

v.

Em-boss',^.?,

To adorn with a
[-ed -ing.] 1. To

t.

^ of the appointing power.

cover with bosses to ornament in reEm'bas-sy, n. 1. Public function of
emanarq, -atum, fr. e, out, and malief. 2. To fashion raised work on.
an embassador. 2. Person or pernure, to now.] 1. To issue forth from
EM-BOSS'MENT,
n.
Raised work.
sons sent as embassadors. 3. DwellEmbouchure (ong'bob'shur'), n.
w a source. 2. To take origin.
ing or office of an embassador.
Jlm'a-na'tion, 11. 1. Act of flowing EM-BAT'TLE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] 1.
SeeEMBOGUE.] A mouth, as
[Fr.
forth. 2. That which issues or flows
of a river, cannon, &c.
To arrange in order of battle. 2. To
EM-BOW'EL, V. I. [-ED, -ING or
forth effluvium.
prepare for battle.
E-MAN'ci-pate, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] EM-BAY', v. t. [-ED -ING.] To in-led, -ling, 137.] 1. To eviscerate
2. To bury
to
hence, to embalm
[Lat. emancipare, -patum, fr. e, out,
close in a bay or inlet.
secrete.
and mancipare, to transfer ownership Em-bed', ti. t. [-ded; -ding,
v>

EM'A-NATE,

136.]

EM-BOW'ER, v. i. To lodge or rest in

To set free to liberate.
To lay as in a bed.
[-ED; -ING.] To
v. t.
E-MAN'CI-PATE, a. Set at liberty.
a bower.
EM-BEL'LlSH,r. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr.
E-MAN'^i-pa'tion, n. A setting free
cover with a bower.
embellir, fr. em, for en, and bel, beau[-ed;
-ing.] [Fr.
from slavery or subjection.
tiful.]
To make beautiful or elegant Em-brace', v. t.
embrasser, fr. em, for en, and bras,
liberation
reSyx. Deliverance
by ornaments.
lease; freedom.
arm.] 1. To clasp in the afms. 2.
Syx. See Adortt.
E-MAN'CI-PA'TOR, n. One who eman- EM-bel'lish-ment, n. 1. Act of
To cherish with affection. 3. To Furcipates.
round or inclose. 4. To include. 5.
embellishing. 2. That which adds
to welcome. n.
E-mAs'-cu-late, v. t. [-ed; -ING.]
seize eagerly
To
beauty
or
elegance
ornament.
w
[Lat. emascidare, -latum, fr. e, out, Km'ber, n. [A.-S. amyriejhot ashes.]
Close encircling with the arms
[arms; embrace.
clasp j hug.
and masculus, male.] 1. To castrate
A lighted coal, smoldering amid ash2. To render effeminate.
Em-brace 'ment, n. A clasp in the
to geld.
chiefly in the pi.
cinders.
es
E-MAS'eu-LATE (45), a. Deprived of Em-bez'zle, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.] Em-bra'cer, n. One who embraces.
Attempt to corvirility
castrated.
[Norm. Fr. embeasiler, to filch.] To EM-BRA'CER-Y,.
E-MAS'cu-la/tion, n. Act of emasrupt a jury, or court, &c.
appropriate fraudulently to one's
in.]

culating

castration.

own

Em-balm'

Em-bra/sure

use.

(-braVzhur), n.

[Fr.,

(-bam'), v. t. [-ed -ing.] Em-be z'zle-ment, n. Fraudulent

fr. embraser, to
embamner, fr. baume, balm.]
widen an openappropriation to one"s own use of
ing.]
An openTo preserve from decay by means of
what is intrusted to one's care.
balm or other aromatics. [embalms. Em-BEZ'ZLER,m. One who embezzles.
ing in a wall or
parapet through
Em-balm'ER (-bamM, n. One who Em-bit'ter, v. t. See Imbitter.
Em-bank', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To in- Em-blaze', v. t. 1. To adorn with'
which cannon
to bank up.
close with a bank
are discharged.
glittering embellishments.
2.
To
Em-bXnk'ment, n. 1. Act of emm'bro-cate,i>.
emblazon.
banking. 2. A bank raised for any EM-BLA'ZON (-blaVzn), v. t. [-ED
t.
[-ed; -ing.]
[From Gr. e|u/3pox>?, equiv. to e/3peypurpose.
-ING.] 1. To decorate. 2. To adorn
Em-BAR'GO, n. [Sp., fr. barra, bar.]
with figures of heraldry.
fj.a, lotion.} To moisten and rub, as
a diseased part, with a liquid.
A prohibition by public authority, EM-BLA'ZON-ER, n. One who emEM/bro-ca'tion, n. A moistening
and for a limited time, of departure
blazons.
hence, any restraint. Em-bla'zon-ry, n. Heraldic or orand rubbing a diseased part with
from a port
some lotion or the lotion itself.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To hinder from
namental decoration
sailing out of port, by some law or Em'BLEM, n.
-ING.] To
[Gr. e^Arj,ua, inlaid |EM-BROip'ER, v. t. [-ED
edict, for a limited time.
cover with ornamental needle-work.
work.]
An object or picture sym-ING.] To
gM-BARK', v. t. [-ED
bolizing and suggesting some other Em-broid'er-er, n. One who emput or cause to go on board a vessel.
broiders,
[work.
object, quality, or the like.
Syn. Figure; type; sign; symbol.
EM-BROlD'ER-Y,n. Variegated needle-.
v. i. 1. To go on board of a ship, w
a.
Pertaining Em-broil', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Seo
boat, or vessel. 2. To engage in any EM'BLEM-At'I,
Em'BLEM-Xt'IC-AL,
to, or comBroil.]
business._
To throw into perplexity,
prising, an emblem.
EM'bar-ka'TION, n. 1. Act of emcontention, or trouble.
barking. 2. That which is embarked. Em'blem-Xt'ic-al-ly, adv. Byway
Syk. To perplex entangle; distract;
disturb.
or means of emblems.
Em-bar'rass, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Fr.
embarrasser,fc. L. Lat. barra, a bar.] Em-BLEM'A-t1st, n. A writer or in- EM-BROlL'MENT,n. A state of conventor of emblems.
1.
To hinder through perplexity;
tention, perplexity, or confusion.
Em-blem'a-tize, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] jSm'BRY-O, n.
to confound.
2. To incumber with
[Gr. enfipvov, i. e., rb
To represent, as by an emblem.
debt.
evTbs /3pvoi>, from e^, for ev, in, and
;

[Fr.

or, do, WQLF,TOO,TOli>K,; fJRN,RUEs

PVLL

E,

I,

o, silent

c,G,

soft;

,G,Aard/ A; EglST;

NasNG; this

EMBRYOLOGY
Em'bry-oL'o-gy, n. [Gr. eV/Spvoi^an
embryo, and yoyo's, discourse.] Doctrine of the development of the embryo and fetus of animals.
E-mend',j,\

Amend.

See

t.

2.

EM'en-da'TOR,
by removing

One who amends

n.

[emendation.

faults.

prominent
famous
celebrated. See Em-phat'tc-al-ly, adv.
With em
I>ISTISGUISHE1J.
phasis forcibly.
[tumor.
Em'i-nent-ly, adv. la an eminent EM<PHY-SE'MA,n. [Gr.]
A puffy
or
high
degree.
_
Em'pire,?i. [Lat. imperium.] 1. SuE'mir,
n. [At. emir, amir, a compreme power in governing. 2. DoE'MEER,
mander.] Arabian prince
minion of an emperor, or, rarely, of
;

and military commander also, an

honorary title given in Turkey to the
;

n.
1. A correction.
Alteration of a text so as to give a
better reading.

Em'en-da'TION.
,

EMPYREAN

142

be full of.] First rudiments

w of an organized being or thing.
/Spvetv, to

Mohammed.

descendants of

a spy.
;

This line is printed in Emerald type.

E-mrge'

[-ed; -ing.]

(14), v.i.

[Lat. emergere, fir. e, out, and mergere, to dip.]

To rise out of, or as

out

of,

n.

1.

risal or appearJ
2. An unforeseen occurrence.
Pressing necessity.
E-m2r'gent, a. 1. Rising out of a
iluid; issuing.
2. Suddenly appearing urgent.
E-MER'I-TUS, n.; pi. E-MER'I-TI.
[Lat., one who has served his time.]
One honorably discharged from puba. Honorably discharged
lic service.
from the performance of public duty.
Em'e-ROdjs,
n. pi. [Corrupted from
Em'E-ROIDS,
hemorrhoids.] Hemorrhoids piles.
E-mJer'sion, n. [From Lat. emergere.
See Emerge.] Act of rising- out of
w any enveloping substance.

ance.
3.

n.

[Gr.

0-ju.ipi?,

o-jutjpi?.]

Corundum

intimately blended with

oxide of iron, used for grinding and
polishing metals, &c.

E-MET'IC,

[Gr. efxeriKos,

a.

fr. e/xeiv,

Inducing to vomit.
n.
medicine which causes vomiting.
ute (I'muf), n. [Fr. fr. Lat.

to vomit.]

Eme

emovere, to

stir

up.]

seditious

w commotion a riot.
Em'I-ca'tion, n. [Lat. emicatio,
;

E-mi'tion,

n. [Lat. e,out, and min1.

gere, rnictum, to make water.]
Discharge of urine. 2. Urine.

a.
Removing from one
country to another.
n. One who
quits one country to settle in another.
lVI'I-GRATE V.i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
emigrare, -gratum.]
To leave one
country or state to reside in another.
Em'I-GRA'TIQN,*!.. 1. Change of residence from one country or state to

EM'I-GRANT,

another. 2. A body of emigrants.

Em'I-nence, \n. 1. A height; eleEm'i-nen-cy,
vation.
,2. High
)

distinction.
3. A title of a
cardinal.
Em'i-nent, a.
[Lat. eminere, emi*
nens, to stand out, be prominent.] 1.
High lofty. 2. Exalted in rank.
S yx.
Distinguished ; conspicuous ;

rank

A.E,

I,

into circulation, as notes.

Em'MET, n. An ant or pismire.

EM'mol-les'cence, n. [Lat. p,out,
,

to

become

soft.] First

O.U,Y,&W7

&>

V.

t.

[-ED; -ING.]

To

[Lat. emollire, to soften.]

E-mol'lient

soften.

(-mcl'yent), a. SoftenAn exsupple.

n.
ternal application to allay irritation,

ing

making

and

alleviate soreness.
[softening.
Em'ol-lPtion (-lish'un), n. Act of
E-Mol'U-MENT,. [Lat. emolumentum, lit. a working out.] 1. Profit

from

office

or employment.

2.

Gain

in general.

E-m6'tion,

[From Lat. emovere,

n.
excite.]
state of excited

to move,
feeling of any kind.

Syn.
Feeling; agitation.
Fcch'rtfjfo
the weaker term, and may be of the body
or the mind emotion is of the mind
nlone, being the excited action of some
inward susceptibility or feeling, as an
emotion of pity, terror, &c. Agitation
may be bodily or mental, and usually
arises in the latter case from a vehement
struggle between contending desires or
emotions.
E-mo'tion-AL, ) a.
Pertaining
to
;

E-MO'TIVE,

emotion,

or

the

Em-pale',

[-ed;-ing.]
[Fr.
for efi, in, and pal,
Lat. pains, a stake.] 1. To inclose
2. To put to death by
to shut in.
fixing on a stake.
Em-pale 'me nt, n. 1. fencing with
putting to death by
stakes. 2.
thrusting a stake into the body.
Em-pXn'el, n.
panel.
Em-per'il (137), v. t. To put in peril.
m'per-or, n. [Lat. imperator, from
imperare, to command.] The soverempaler,

v.

fr.

t.

em,

^^l P ik6^, ex-

EM-PiR'l-e-AL, J
perienced.J 1. Pertaining to, or founded upon, experiment or experience. 2. Depending
on experience or observation alone.
Em-pIr'ic-al-ly, adv.
By experiment or experience without science.
EM-PiR'l-cigM, n. 1. Method or practice of an empiric.
2. Charlatanry
quackery.
;

EM-PLXs'TI,

a. [Gr. e/oi7rAao-Ti/co?, fr.

eixirKdo-o-eiv, to plaster up.]
Glutin-

ous

adhesive.

Em-ploy',

v.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

[Lat.

implicare, to infold, engage.] 1. To

use.
2. To use as an instrument or
means, or as materials. 3. To use
as an agent or servant.
n.
Em-

ployment.

Employe

[Poet.]

(tm'ploy-a/ or ong'plwo-

ya'), n. [Fr.] Ore who is employed.

Oaf- The English form of this word,
viz., employee, though perfectly conformable to analogy, and therefore perfectly legitimate, is not sanctioned by
the usage of good writers.

Em-PLOY'ER, n. Ore who emptors.

EM-PLOY'MENT, n. 1. Actof employing, or state of being employed.

2.

That which engages or occupies.

EM-PO'RI-UM, n. ; Lat. pi. EM-PO'RI-A, Eng.pl. EM-PO'Ri-UMg. [Lat.;
Gr. /A7ropiov, from

efxrropo?, traveler,

A commercial city

trader.]

or town

a mart.

EM-POW'ER,

capacity for emotion.

a. [Gr.

v.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

To

w give power or authority to.

EM'PRESS.
peror.

2.

n.

Consort of an emgoverns an

A woman who

fr.

emicare, to spring forth.]

flying
off in small particles, as heated iron
scintillation.

Sudden up- E-MOL'LI-AT,

E-mJEr'gen-cvt,

dominion; sovereignty}

Em-pYr'hj or Em'pir-I (123), n. L.

Oue who relies on experiment and
observation.
2. A quack doctor &

oharlatan.
1. Act of
That which EM-pi'R'ic,

or lowest degree of fusibility.

fluid.

E-mr'gence,

Em'ER-Y,

n.
2.

is sent or put out at or.e time

issue.
E-mTt', v.t. [-ted; -ting, 13 5.] [Lat.
emittere, out.] 1. To send forth to
cause to issue. 2. To print and send

and mollescere

Predominant influence.

3.

Sway;

E-mend'a-to-ry, a. Pertaining to E-Mis'siON (-urish'un),

sending out issue.
m'ER-ALD, n. [From Gr. a7u.apa.yS0s,
pre(AdpaySos, Skr. marakata.} 1.
cious stone of a rich green color. 2.
A kind of type. [ng.]

Syn.
rule.

Em'is-sa-ry, n. [Lat. emissarius, fr.

emittere, to send out.]
A secret
agent

a king.

eign of an empire.
EM'PHA-SIS, n. ;

EM-PRIE', n.

[0. Fr.]

An

enterprise.

EMP'TI-NESS (84), n. 1. State of bevacuum exhaustion

ing empty
;

destitution.

Unsatisfactoriness.

2.

Want of knowledge or sense.

Emp'ty, a. [-er -est, 142.] [A.-S.
3.

emtig, amtig,
rest.]

1.

fr. emta, amta, quiet,

Containing nothing void.
:

Destitute of effect, sincerity, or

3. Unsatisfactory.
4. Destiv.t.
tute of reality unsubstantial.
[-ed; -ING.] To exhaust to deprive
v. i.
1. To pour
of the contents.
2. To become empty.
w or flow out.
1.
Act of making
EMP'TY-ING, n.
empty. 2. pi. Lees of beer, cider,
2.

pi.

EM'PHA-SEg.

[Gr. e'ju.(#)acri9, significance, force of

expression, fr. e/u.(f>aiVe<.v ,to indicate.]
Stress of utterance, given to the
words or parts of a discourse, intended to be impressed specially on an
audience^
Em'pha-size, -. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
utter or pronounce with a particular
to make emphatic.
stress of voice
Uttered with, or
EM-PHAT'I,
) a.
EM-phXt'I-AL, )
requiring, emphasis.
Syn. Forcible; impressive; striking.
;

empire.

sense.

&c.

yeast.

[pie color.

Em-pOr'ple, v. t. To tinge of a purEM-PYR'E-AL, a.

[See EMPYREAN,
'
n.] Formed of pure fire or light.
EM'PY-RE'AN (124), a. Empyreal.
n. [L. Lat. empyramm., fr. Gr. e/u.7rwThe highest heaven,
pos, in fire.]

&A ^1 C, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, SRM; PIQUE, FIRM

s6N.

EMPYREUMATIC
where the pure element of
supposed by tae ancients to

EM'py-reu-mat'I,
EM'PY-REU-MAT'I-AL,

fire

a. [Lat. encausticiis, Gr.

eyKavariKOSjfr. ey/caieiv, to burn in.]

subsist.

a.

tion

ENDEAR

143
was En-caus'tIc,

Pertaining to the
taste or smell of burnt animal or
vegetable substances.
Em'u-late, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
semulari, -latum, from semulus, emulous.]
To strive to equal or excel
to vie with
to rival.
fiM'u-LA'TiON, n. 1. Act of attempting to equal or excel.
2. Conten)

contest.
Syx. Competition; rivalry. Competitions the struggle of two or more persons for the same object. Emulation's
an ardent desire for superiority, arising
from competition, but net implying, of
;

Pertaining to the art of burning in

colors.
7?
Method of painting in
heated or burnt wax, or in any way
where heat is used to fix the colors.
Enceinte (ong'sanf), n. [Fr., fr.
enceindre, to surround.] (Fort.) The
a. Pregnant.
w main inclosure.

EN'CE-PH.AL'IC, a.
[Gr. eytctyaXov,
the brain.] Belonging to the head
or brain.

En-chain',

-ing] 1. To
fasten with a chain. 2. To hold fast.
En-chain'ment, n. Act of euchainv.

[-ed

t.

necessity,
is

over or against one.]

any improper feeling. Rivalry

a personal contest, and almost of course
gives rise to envy, resentment, or detraction.

rival

a compet-

itor.

E-mCl'GENT,

a. [Lat.

emulgere,emid-

gens,fv.e, out, and mulgere, to milk.]

^ Milking or draining.

Em'U-LOUS,

Desirous to equal
w or excel. 2. Engaged in competition.
Em'u-loCs-ly, adv.
With desire to
equal or excel.
E-MUi/siON, n. [From Lat. emulgere,
a.

1.

emulsum.]

soft, liquid

remedy,

resembling milk.

E-MUL'SIVE,
like.

2.

a.

by

sorcery.
degree.

Stk.

t.

To charm

To delight in a high

2.

To

captivate
ish; enrapture.

En-chant'er,

1,

fascinate

rav-

One who enchants

7i.

a sorcerer or magician.

En-chant'ment,
arts,

spells,

Yielding

oil

by expression.

E-MUNCTO-RY, n.

[Lat. emunctorium,
from emungere, to blow the nose, to
cleanse.] Any organ of the body car-

1.

which enchants.

En-chant'ress,
enchants

A woman who

n.

a sorceress.
En-chase', v.t. [-ed; -ing.]
;

[Fr.

enchasser, fr. ch&sse, frame.]

1. To
to inclose.
encircle
2. To adorn

with embossed or engraved work.

En-CHO'ri-AL,
En-cho'ric,
tive

popular

a. [Gr. eyxoopios.,

do-

mestic, native.] Nasaid esp.

common

of the written characters employed

by the common people of Egypt, in

rying off excrementitious matter.
distinction from the hieroglyphics.
EN-A'BLE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [0. &
Norm. Fr. enhabler, from en, in, and EN~ctR'CLE, v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To
form a circle about; hence, to emhable, Eng. able.]
To give strength
brace. 2. To go or come round.
or ability to.
Snsr. To encompass
inclose surEN-ACT', v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
1. To
round; environ.
decree to make into a law. 2 V To
EN-CLTt'IC,
a.
[Gr.
ey/cAin/co?,
perform. 3. To act the part of.
En-aT'ment,. 1. Tbepassingof a En-clit'ic-al, J inclined, inclining.]
Subjoiaed
said of a word so closely
bill into a law.
2. A decree
a law.
united to the preceding word as to
3. The acting a part or character.
seem to be a part of it, and to lose
EN-ACT'OR. n. One who passes a law.
its own independent accents.
n. A
E-NAZ'LAGE, n. [Gr. evaWayrj, an
word joined to another so closely as
exchange.] Substitution of one gento lose its proper accent.
der, number, case, person, tense,
mode, or voice, of the same word, for En-L.6s;e', v. t. See INCLOSE.
;

En-am'el,
atnel.]
glass,

1.

n.

[Prefix en and obs.

substance resembling

but more fusible and nearly

opaque. 2. That which is enameled.
V.t. [-ED, -ING or -LED, -LING,
137] 1. To cover with, or paint in,
enamel. 2. To form a glossy surface
upon.
En-Am'el-AR,
Like enamel
a.

En-am'el-lar,
glossy.
EN-am'or, v. t [-ED; -ING.]
)

[0. Fr.
enarnovrer, from en, in, and amour,
To inflame with love.
EN-GAGE', v. t. To confine in a cage.
love.]

n.
1. Act of pitching tents or forming a camp. 2. A

camp.

as enemies.

EN-CO R'A ge, v.

[-ed:-ING.]

t.

[Fr.

encouragfr from prefix en and courage.] To give courage to.

Syn-. To embolden; animate; incite;
,

En-cour'age-ment,

n.
1. Act of
2. That
giving courage incentive.
which serves to support or promote.
;

EN-OUR'A-GING,
ground

to

a.
Furnishing
hope for success favoring.
;

En-COUR'A-ging-LY, adv. In a manner to give courage or hope of success.

En-croach', v. i. [-ed: -ing.] [0.

hang
by a hook.] To enter gradually into
the rights and possessions of another.
Syn. Intrude; trench;
vade^ trespass.

En-croach'er,

infringe; in-

who

One

n.

en-

croaches.

En-croacii'ment,

Act of enThat which is taken

n.

1.

croaching. 2.
by encroaching.

En-cum'ber,
encombrer,

v.

fr.

t. [-ed; -ing.]
[Fr.
Lat. cumulus, heap.]

To impede the motion or action

of.
2. To load with mortgages, or

1.

other legal claims.

Syx. To load clog
;

oppress

em-

barrass.

EN-UM'BRANCE,

n.

1.

That which

impedes action clog impediment.

2. That which encumbers an estate,
as a debt
a lien.
;

EN

CYC'LIC-AL, a. [Gr. cykv'kAio?, fr.

and kv/cAos, circle.] Sent to

ev, in,

many

persons or places

EN-CY/CLO-PE'DI-A,
EN-^Y'CLO-PtE'DI-A,

71.

circular.
[Gr. eyicvic-

AOTTfluSeta, for

YkvkAios 7rat5eta, instruction in a

A work in which the various

circle.]

branches of science or art are treated

of,

usually in alphabetical order.

[Gr. eyKuifnaarrq^
to praise.] One addicted to praise a eulogist.
fr. eyKou.Ldei.v,

En-co/mi-ast'ic,
En-co'mi-ast'iC-Xl,
logistic

a.

praise;

eu-

encyclopedia
edge,

laudatory.

universal in knowl[an encyclopedia.

EN-CO'MI-OM, 71. ; ng. pi. EN-eo'MI- EN-CY'LO-PE'DlST,n. Compiler of

UM3, LMt. pi. EN-CO'MI-A. [Gr. En-^yst'ed, a. Inclosed in a cyst.
END, . [A.-S. ende.] 1. Extreme or
eyKu),u.Lov, (sc. Ke'A.0?, song), chanted
last portion.
2. Conclusion result.
in a Bacchic festival.] Formal praise;
3. Destruction or that which causes
high commendation.
destruction
or
death.
4.
Object

Eulogy panegyric. See EuStn.

aimed at. 5. That which is left.
logy.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To bring to an
EN-COM'PASS, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
end. 2. To destroy
to put to death.
describe a circle about.
Syn. To encircle; inclose; surround;
Syn. To finish
conclude
close;
;

EN-CAMP', v. i. [-ED; -ing] To form

environ.
and occupy a camp.
v.t. To form En-com'pass-ment,
into a camp.
ingor encircling.

En-cXmp'MENT,

En-^y'clo-pe'di-an, a. Embracing
thewhole circle of learning.
En-cy/clo-ped'ic,
a.
PertainI
En-^y'clo-ped'ic-al,,)
ing to an
Bestowing

EN-0'M1-AST,ti.

another.

Fr. encroer, L. Lat. incrocare, to

Use of magic
or charms.
2. That
n.

Softening; milk-

1.

v.t. [-ed;-ing.] Tc
repetition,
call for a repetition of.
En-OUNT'er, n. [0. Fr. encontre, fr.
1.
Lat. in and contra, against.]
meeting face to face. 2.
meeting,
with hostile purpose.
Contest; fight; skirmish.
SYM'.
To meet face
v.t. [-ED;-ING.]
to face to meet with hostile intent.
To meet together, especially
v. i.

cheer; stimulate.

ing.

En-chant', v.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

incantare, to chant a magic formula

EM'u-L a'tor, n.

n.

surround-

(ong-kor'), adv. [Fr., from

Lat. in kanc horam, till this hour.]
Once more
again
a call for a
;

v.

point

En-core'

terminate.
i.
;

To come
to cease.

the ultimate
[put to hazard.
[-ED; -ING.] To
[-ed; -ing.] To

EN-DAN'GER, P. t.
En-dear', v. t.
make dear, or more

6R,Dg,woLF,TO~b.TO"bK; urn, rue, pull; ,/,, silent; c,G, soft; c,g, hard; as;

ex;ist;

to

dear.

as

ng; this

ENDEARMENT

ENGROSSMENT

144

EN-DEAR'MENT,

n.
1. Act of endearThat which endears.

abide

to last.
2. To
trial or suffering.

remain firm

especially, promised

ised;

mar-

in

under
riage affianced betrothed. 2. Greatnd'w!s_e, adv. 1. On the end. 2.
ly interested.
duty.] An attempt or trial.
With
the
end
forward.
En-gage'ment,
n. 1. An engaging
w
Syn. Effort; exertion; struggle.
En'e-MY, n. [Lat. inimicus, from in,
or being engaged. 2. That which is
Endeavor is the widest term. An effort
negative, and amicus, friend.]
One
engaged. 3. That which engages obis a vigorous endeavor or taxing of our
actuated by unfriendly feelings.
ligation
engrossing occupation. 4
powers; an exertion is a peculiarly earnThe enemy, (a.) The evil one the
A general action or battle.
est and prolonged effort
a struggle is
devil, (b.) {Mil.) The opposing force.
a violent and exhausting effort of the
EN-gen'der, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Fr.
ing.

2.

En-deav'or,

[Fr. en devoir, in

n.

body.

"Ordinary

endeavors will not

Syn.

Adversary

opponent

antag-

now avail; every possible effort must be

onist; foe.
made; we must strain all our exertions, EN'er-get'I,
1. Exerting
a.
and struggle to the utmost."
En'er-get'I-al, )
v. i. f-ED; -ING.] To exert 2. Exhibiting energy. force active.
strength of body or mind for the acSyn. Forcible
powerful potent
1

complishment of an
Syn.

w vigorous;

object.

To attempt; try; strive;

strug-

gle; essay; aim.

effective.

EN'ER-GET'IC-AL-LY, adv.

In an

Syn. To breed; generate; beget; occasion; cause.

v.i.

To be caused.

En'gIne

[Lat.

(en'jin), n.

ingenivm,

natural capacity, invention.] 1. A

machine in which two or more mechanical powers are combined.
2.

w energetic manner.

i\t.

engendrer, Lat. ingenerare, fr. in and

generare, to beget.] 1. To procreate.
2. To produce
to sow the seeds of.

To attempt to gain.
En'er-Gize, v. i. [-ED -ING.] To
En-de'MI-AL, ) a. [Gr. eVo^/ao?, kvact with force or vigor.
To
v. t.
An instrument to wound and kill.
in,
En-dem'ic,
fr.
6v,
give strength or force to.
foj/uios,
[
3. Any thing used to effect a purEn-DEM'ic-al ) and 6^/u.os the peo- EN'ER-GY, n. [Gr. evepyeia, fr. eV, in,
pose means.
nation
pie.]
Peculiar
to
people
or
work.]
1. Inherent powa
and
epyov,
w
w
En'gi-neer', n. 1. A person skilled
End'ING, n. 1. Termination result
er.
2. Power efficiently exerted.
3.
in the principles and practice of enconclusion.
2. Terminating syllaStrength of expression.
gineering.
2. One who manages an
Syn. Force; vigor; strength; spirit;
ble or letter.
efficiency; resolution.
engine. v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To
End'less, a. Having no end.
[-ed; -ing.]
perform the work of an engineer. 2.
Syn. Eternal; everlasting; intermi- E-nr'vate, v. i.
[Lat. enervate, -vatum, fr. enervis,
nable; infinite; incessant perpetual.
To carry through a measure.
nerveless.]
To deprive of nerve, EN'GI-NEER'ING, n. Science and art
End'less-ly, adv. Without end.
strength, or courage.
End'less-ness, n.
State of being
of utilizing the forces and materials
Syn. To weaken; enfeeble; unendless.
of nature.
;

n'do-gen,

n.

En-dog'E-NOUS,

ening.

yevecrOat.,

EN-DOW,

v.

t.

be

to

Anindorser.
[-ED; -ING.] [Norm.

capacity.
duert.]

<y.*.

1.

[-ED;-IN.]

To

invest

[Lat.in-

to clothe.

2.

To endow.

[endured.
Capable of being
En-dur'ance, n. 1. A state of duration continuance. 2. Act of bearing pain or distress without being
overcome.

E*dur'a-ble,

a.

Syn.

Sufferance; patience; fortitude.

En-dure',

v.

t.

1.

To remain firm
2. To bear with

under to sustain.
patience.
v.i. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
in and durare, to harden, to persist.]
1. To continue in the same state
to
;

A, E,

I,

6, u, Y,longf A. Bjlj 6,

t),

[-EDJ-ING.] To

t.

debilitate

ener-

Enervation.
t.
[-ed -ing.]
To give a feud to to

Fr. endouer, from Lat. doiare, to endow.] 1. To make pecuniary provision for; esp. to furnish with dower.
2. To enrich
to indue.
En-dow'ment, n. 1. Act of settling
a fund or permanent provision for
the support of any one.
2. Property, fund, or revenue permanently
appropriated.
natural
3. Talents

En-due',

V.

Indorsement.
n.

Act of weak-

vate.

En-dorse', v. t.
[More correctly indorse.] To write on the back of.
En-d6rse'ment, n. Act of indors-

En-dors'er,

1.

En-fee'ble-ment,
En-feoff' (-fef), v.

Increasing by internal
growth and elongation at the summit.

See

n.

State of being weakened.

render feeble.
Syn.
To weaken

produced.]

ing.^

2.

EN-FEE'BLE,

a. [Gr. eVSo-yeeijs, fr.

and

eVSov, within,

nerve; debilitate.

4,

EN'er-va'tion,

plant which increases in size by

internal
growth
and elongation at
the summit, and
has. no distinction
Endogen.
of pith, wood, and
bark, as the palm, cornstalk, &c.

n.

[See Feoff.]
invest with a fee.

(-leFment), n. Act
of giving, or deed which gives, the
^ fee-simple of an estate.
n.

[Fr., fr. enfiltr, to

n.

Act of

1.

artillery.

2-

Engines in general.

En-gTrd',

v.

&

[imp.

t.

p.p. EN-

girded, or engirt.] To encircle.

En'glish (Tng'glish,) a. [From the
Angles, a tribe of Germans who setBelonging to Eng-

tled in Britain.]

land, or to

language.

En-feoff'ment
EN'FI-LADE',

EN'GlNE-RY (en'jin-ry),
managing engines, or

land.

2.

its

inhabitants, or to their

n.

People of EngLanguage of the English,

1.

and of

their descendants in other

countries, v. i. [-ED -ING.] To
translate into English.
;

thread, to rake with shot.] (Mil.)

A line or straight passage. ^, t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To rake with shot
through the whole length of, as a

EN-GORGE',

lineof troops.

En-graft', v.
En-grail', v.

engorger,

[-EDJ-ING.] [Fr.
gorge, throat.] To swal-

V.

fr.

I.

v. i.
low with greediness.
with eagerness or voracity.

To

feed

Same as Ingraft.
-ing. J [Fr.
t.
[ -ed
grele, hail.]
To variet.

En-fold', v. t. See Infold.

engreler, fr.
En-force', v. t. [-ed; ing.] 1. To
gate, spot, or indent, as with hail.
2. To make or
force
to compel.
[-ED -ING.]
EN-GRAIN', V. t.
To
gain by force. 3. To give force to
dye in grain, or in the raw material.
to strengthen.
4. To give effect to.
EN-FORCE'MENT, n. 1. Act of en- EN-GRASP', v.- t. [-ED; -ING.] To
;

2.
forcing compulsion.
in execution.
3.
That
;

putting

which en-

One who

En-for'cer, n.
EN-FRlN'CHlgE

enforces.
(-fran'chiz),
v.

t.

make

engager, from en and gage, pledge,

pawn.] 1. To put under pledge to
bind. 2. To win and attach. 3. To
enter into contest with to encounter.
v.i. 1. To become bound. 2.
To take a part to enlist. 3. To en;

ter into conflict.

En-gaGD',j?. a.

v, short

to gripe.

To carve letters or devices upon.

2. To form by means of incisions
on wood, metal, &c. 3. To impress
deeply

to infix.
n.
One who engraves.
n. 1. Act or art of the

En-grav'er,

En-graVING,
engraver.

2.

Pledged

An

engraved

plate.

3.

Impression from an engraved plate.

En-gross', v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To
2. To
copy in a large, fair hand.
occupy wholly. 3. To take or asquantity.
sume in undue
;

Syn.

To

absorb

engulf; forestall

monopolize.

En-gross'er,
1.

[imp. ENGRAVED;
or ENGRAVEN.]

ENGRAVED

1.

-ing.] 1. To set free. 2. To

free of a city, corporation, or
state ; to naturalize. .
En-fran'chIse-ment (-fran/chlz-),
n.
Act of enfranchisement.
En-gage', v.t. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr.

[-ed

hold fast

EN-GRAVE',r..
p. p.

forces.

n.

One who

prom- En-gross'ment, n.

1.

engrosses.

Act of en-

care far, Ask, all, what ERE, VEIL, xltM PIQUE, FIRM S6N,
.

ENGULF
2.
grossing.
engrossed.
En-g-Tilf', v. t.

ENTHRALL

145

That which has been En-no'bee-ment, n. 1. Act of en[up as in a gulf.

nobling. 2. That which ennobles.
To absorb or swallow Ennui (ong'nwe'), n. [Yr., fr. Lat. in

EN-HANCE',^.

t. [-ED
-ING.] [Norm.
Fr. enkauncer, enhancer.] To raise to
a higher point to advance to in;

crease.

Augmentation

n.

n.
[Gr. aiviv/u.a, fr. alvicr1. A puzowflou., to speak darkly.]
statement, the hidzle a riddle. 2.
den meaning of which is to be discovered ; an action which cannot be satisfactorily explained.
'nig-mat'I,
) a.
Relating to, or

E'nig-mat'i^-al, )
containing, an
enigma obscure.
L'NiG-M\T're-AL ly, adv.
In an
obscure manner.
E-NiG'MA-TiST, n. One who makes or

talks in enigmas.

E-NIG'MA-TIZE. v.
To deal in riddles.
En-join',

v.

i.

[-ed

t.

of rule.] 1. Deviating from the usual rule or measure. 2. Great beyond

the common measure. 3. Exceedingly wicked

age

;
atrocious.
form into, a sphere.
excessive.
Syn
Immense
We
[-ed -ing.] To
speak of a thing as enormous when it En-stamp', v. t.
overpasses its ordinary law of existence,
impress as with a stamp.
and becomes so to speak abnormal'm En-sue', v. t.
[-ed -ing.] [Norm.
its magnitude, degree, &c; as, a man of
Fr. ensuer, from Lat. insequi, to folcnormovs strength, a deed of enormous
low.] To follow; to pursue.
v. i.
wickedness. Immense and excessive arc
figurative terms used to intensify, and
To come after to succeed.
are somewhat indefinite in their degree En-sure' (-shurO, v. t.
See Insure.
-

of strength.

gen'g, from geneah,

it is sufficient.]
sufficient.
adv. 1. Suf2. Fully; quite.
3. In a
tolerable degree.
sufficiency.
n.

Adequate

ficiently.

En-tail',

[Fr. cntaille, fr. entailn.

Zer, to cut away.]
1. An estate lim2.
ited to a particular heir or heirs.
Rule by which the descent is fixed.
[-ed; -ing.] To settle inv. t.

Sec Inquire.
[-ed -ing.]
r. t.
1. To En-quire', v. >. fc t.
or perceive with pleasure. 2. To En-rage', v. t. [-ed -ING.] To fill
with
rage
to
provoke
to frenzy.
have and use with satisfaction.
En-joy'a-ble, a. Capable of being En-rank', v. t. To place in ranks or
in
order.
enjoyed.
En-Joy'ment, n. 1. Condition, of En-rapt'ure (53), v. t. [-ed -ing.]
To transport with pleasure.
enjoying pleasure. 2. Cause of joy.
[-ED; -ING.] To
EN-KIN'DLE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. EN-B-AV'ISH, V. t.
enchant.
[enravished.
To set on fire to kindle.
2. To
En-rav'ish-ment, n. State of being
excite
to rouse.
En-rich',
v. t.
[-ed -ing.] 1, To
EN-LAROE', V. i.
[-ED -ING.]
1.
make rich to adorn. 2. To fertilTo make larger. 2. To increase the
ize.
3. To store with knowledge.
capacity of.
v. i. 1. To grow large
En-rich'ment, n. Act of making
or larger. 2. To expatiate.
rich_, or that which enriches.
En-large'ment, n. 1. An increase
in size or bulk. 2. Expansion, as of En-robe', v. t. To invest with a, robe.
the mental powers. 3. Release from En-role', v. t. [-ed; -ing. J 1. To
write in a roll or register hence, to
confinement, distress, &.e.
4. Difrecord also, refiexively, to enlist. 2.
fusiveness.
To envelop.
En-light'.en (-lnVn), v. t.
[-ed
-ING.] 1. To supply with light to En roll'MENT, \ n. 1. Act of enilluminate.
2. To inform
to in- En-rol'ment, (rolling. 2. That in
wh^ch any thing is errolled.
struct.
EN-LiGHT'N-ER(-lIt / n-) n. One who, EN-ROOT', r. t. To fix; by the root to
implant deep.
or that which, enlightens.
En-light'N-ment (-lnVn-,) n. Act En-sam'ple, it. An example. [06s.]
of enlightening, or state of being en- En-san'gui'ne (-sang/gwin), v. t. To
stain with blood.
lightened.
EN-LIST', v. t. [-ed -ing.] 1. To en- EN-SONCE'. v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
cover or shelter, as with a sconce to
roll to register. 2. To engage in pubprotect.
lic service.
3. To unite firmly to a
cause.
v. i. 1. To. engage in public En-seal', v. t. To impress witha seal.
service by enrolling one s name. 2. En- seam', v. t. To inclose by a seam
hence, to include.
To enter heartily into a cause.
(Sng'som'bl), n. [Fr.,
En-lTst'ment, n. 1. Act of enlistfr. Lat. insimul, at the same time.]
ing, or state of being enlisted.
2.
The whole all parts taken together.
writing by which a soldier is bound.
EN-L1V.EN (-hVn), v. t. [-ED; -ING.] En-shrine', v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
To give life to to animate.
w inclose in a shrine hence, to cherish.
[Lat. ensis, sword,
En-LIV'en-er, n. One who enlivens. EN'si-FORM, a.
and forma, form.] Having the shape
EN'MI-TY, n. 1. Quality of being an
of
a
sword.
enemy. 2. A state of opposition.
v
Syn.
Rinoor; hostility; hatred ;an- En'sign (en'sln), n.
[Fr. enseigne,
imosity; ill-will.
from Lat. insignia, pi. of insigne,
En-no'ble, v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
badge, flag.]
1. Banner which dismake noble to dignify.
tinguishes a company of soldiers, or

feel

on a person or thing, or
on a person and his descendants.
1. Act of entailn.

alienably

En-tail'ment,
ing.

w tricacy
trer,

WOLF, TOO,TO~OK; URN, RUE, PULL

iO

E,I, O,

silent

-ING.]

[Fr. enintro, inward.]

fr.

to

form or constitute a

o part. 3. To penetrate deeply.

EN'TER-PRISE, n. [Fr. cntreprise, fr.
entreprendre to undertake.] 1. That
which is undertaken an adventure.
,

Willingness to engage in labor rew quiring boldness, &c.

En'ter-pris/ing, a.
Bold or forw ward to undertake.
EN'TER-TAIN', V. t.
[-ED", -ING.]
[Fr. entretenir, from entre, between,
2.

and

tenir, to hold.]
1. To maintain ;
to support.
2. To show hospitality
3. To divert. 4. To receive and

to.

take into consideration.

bor: to cherish.
Syn. See Amuse.

EN'ter-tain'er,
En'ter-tain'ING,
w

5.

To har-

One who

enter[tertainment.
Affording en-

n.

tains,

Lat. intrare,

[-ED

t.

get within

Ensemble

v.

To come or go into. 2. To unite

in; to join. 3. To engage in> 4. To
6.
attain; to begin.
5. To insert.
v. i. 1. To
To inscribe to record.
go or come in also, to begin. 2. To

(-tang'gl-), n. In-

perplexity.

1.

EN'TER,

1.

En-tan'gle-ment

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

v.

twist or interweave so as not to be

to
2. To perplex
easily separated.
embarrass to puzzle.

To

Condition of being entailed.

2.

En-tan'gle,

OR, DO,

servitude.

En-slav'er, n. One who enslaves.

En-snare', v. t. See Insnare.
En-sphere', v. t. To place in, or

En-t'ab'la-ture (53), n. [0. Fr., fr.

E-n6r'mous-ly, adv. Beyond measLat. in and tabula, board, table.]
ure; excessively.
[enormous.
[-ED; -ING.]
That part of an order which is over
E-nor'mous-ness, n. State of being
the columns, including the archi[A.-S. genOh,
[Fr. E-NOUGH' (e-nuf) a.
-ing.]
trave, frieze, and cornice.

enjoindre, fr. Lat. injungere, to join

into, to charge.] 1. To put an injunction on to order. 2. To prohibit or
restrain by a judicial order.

En-joy',

tiag.

aggravation.

E-NIG'MA,
;

who
w

(en'sln), n.
odio, in hatred.] A feeling of weari- En'sign-CY
Rank or
office of an ensign.
En'sign-ship
ness and disgust lassitude.
[-ed; -ing.]
E-NOR'MI-TY, n. That which is enor- En-slave', v. t.
To
mous atrocious crime an atrocity.
reduce to slavery or bondage.
enormis,
En-slave'ment,
bondE-nor'mous, a. [Lat.
out
n.
Slavery
;

En-hance'ment,

a badge.
2. An officer,
formerly carried the ensign or

a vessel

a.

Syn. Pleasing; amusing: diverting.

11.
1. Act of

EN'TER-TAIN'MENT,

entertaining. 2. That which entertains, or with which one is entertained especially a repast a feast.
;

Syx. Amusement diversion

reation; pastime; baiiquet.
:

EN-THRALL',

C, G, soft; , G, luird;

As

V.

See

t.

EXIST

rec'

INTHRALL.
as

NG THIS
;

ENTHRONE
En-throne',

v.

1.

To place on a throne to invest with

2. To induct
sovereign authority.
or install, as a bishop.
En-throne'MENT, n. Act of enthroning.
;

EN-THU'gI-AS.M, n.
fr.

/u.6s,

ev6ovo-iaet.v

Door or passage.

Actofbeginr'ag

3.

commencement initiation.
En-tran^e', f. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To
put into a trance. 2. To enrapture.
;

[Fr. environner, fr. environ, about,

fr. viron, circle, circuit.]
1. To surround to encompass.
2. To involve to envelop.
En-vi'ron-ment, n. 1. Actofenvi.
;

En-trap', v. t. [-fed -ping, 136.]

To catch as in a trap.
roniug. 2. That which environs.
[Gr. evflovcricwr- EN-TREAT', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To EN-Vl'RON, or EN'VI-RONg, n. pi.
treat
to use or manage.
2. To ask
Places which surround another place,
to be inspired
re-

Fanaticism. Enthusiasm was

formerly used for heat of imagination,

but this sense is
especially in religion
now more commonly confined to fanaticism, which denotes wild and extravagant notions on this subject, often leading to the most dangerous delusions.
Fanaticism is also sometimes extended
to other subjects besides religion.
EN-THU'I-ast, n. One who is moved
;

by enthusiasm.
EN-THU/gl-XsT'I^,
EN-THU'gl-AST'lG-AL,

by the god.] An ardent zeal, in

spect to some object or pursuit.
Syn.

EPICENE

146

[ed; -ing.]

t.

with
enthusiasm zealous in the pursuit of an
[enthusiasm
object
EN-THU'gl-XsT'KJ-AL-LY, adv. With
a. Filled

1
)

earnestly

to supplicate.
beg; solicit

Syn. To beseech;

or
;

crave.

n.
Act of entreating.
(ong'tra'), n.
[Fr.,fr. entrer, to enter.] 1. Permission or right
to enter.
2.
course of dishes.
(ong'tr-po'), . [Fr., fr.
Lat. inttrpositum, fr. interponere, to
interpose.]
1.
warehouse for the
deposit of goods.
2.
free port.
En'try, n. 1. Act of entering; entrance ingress.
2. Act of recording.
3 A passage a vestibule. 4.
Any account entered on record.

Entrepot

it.

EN'VY, V. t.
[-ED;.-1NG, 142.] 1.
To regard with discontent and malevolent longing. 2. To desire strongly
to covet.
v. i.
To be filled with

envious feelings.

n.

mvidia,
fr. invidere, to look askance at, or
with enmity.]
1. Pain, or discontent excited by another's superiority
or success. 2. Object of envious no-

EN -TWINE',

near

n.
[Fr. envoye, fr. envoys
to send.]
person deputed to negotiate a treaty or transact other business with a foreign government.

ENTREE

lie

EN'VOY,

En-treat'Y,

[Lat.

tice or feeling.
To
twine.
[twist around. E'o-cene, a.
[Gr. 17^?, dawn, and
EN-TW'fST^ V. t. [-ED -ING.]
icaivos, new.] Pertaining to the earTo
nest part of the tertiary period.
E-NU'GLE-ATE,
V. t.
[-ED
-ING.]
ev9vfj.eZo-9ai, to keep in mind, to con[Lat. enucleare, -atum, fr. e, out, and E-O'LI-AN,
a. 1. Pertaining to JEolia
sider.]
An argument of only two
nucleus, kernel.] To bring out, as a E-ol'I,
or^:o]is,inisiaMinor.
J
propositions, an antecedent and a

EN'THY-MEME,

[Gr. efOvfx-qixa,

n.

V.

[-ED, -ING.]

t.

fr.

consequent deduced from it.

En-TIE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [0. Fr.
enticer, enticher, fr. pref. en, and 0.
Ger. stechan, steckOn, to prick,
goad.] To draw on by exciting hope
or desire especially, in a bad sense,
to lead astray
to tempt.
Syn.
See Allure.
En-TI^e'ment, n. 1. Act or practice of enticing.
2. That which incites to evil.
II.

kernel from its enveloping husks to

clear; to explain.
[ating.
E-nu'LE-a'tion, n. Act of enucleE-NU'MER-ATE, v. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. enumerare, -atum, from e out,
and numtrare, to count.] To count
to reckon
to compute
hence, to
recount.
;

E-NUOIER-A'TION,

n.

Actof enu-

1.

2. A detailed account. 3.
recapitulation in the peroration
of the heads of an argument.

merating.

Pertaining to iEolus, the god of

_the winds, and hence to the wind.
E'ON, n. See iEON.
E'p)iT, . [Gr. eVaKTo's, brought on
or in, *:dded.]
Excess of the solar
year or month beyond the lunar.
LP'ARCH, n. [Gr. enapxos, fr. eiri,
and apxn-i supreme power.] Govw ernor cr prefect of a province.
Lp'arch-y, n. A province under an
eparch.
2.

E-PAULE'MENT,n. [Fr.fr. rpauler, to

EN-Tl'CER, n. One who entices.
protect by the shoulder of a bastion,
En-tire', a. [Lat. integer.] 1. Com- E-NU'MER A-TlVE, n. Reckoning up
fr. cpaule, shoulder ]
{Fort.) A sideone.
by
one
plete full and perfect.
2. Not participated with others.
3. Compris.- E-nijn'ci-ate (-nun'shf-), v. t. [-ed
w work, made of earth heaped up.
Ep'atj-let',
n.
[Fr.
epaulette,
-ING.]
[Lat.
enunciare,
-atum,
from
ing all requisites in itself. 4. WithEp'au-lette',
fr. epaule, shoule, out, and nuncius, messenger.]
1.
outmixture or alloy.
worn
der.]
A
badge
on
the
shoulder
announce;
To
to
proclaim.
2.
To
EN-TIRE'LY, adv. Wholly; fully.
by military and naval officers.
utter to pronounce.
EN-TiRE'NESS,n. Completeness; fullE-PEN'THE-SIS,
n.;
pi.
E-PEN^
E-nun'ci-a'tion
(-nun'shi-),
n.
1.
ness; totality.
or whole.
THESES. [Gr., fr. eTrevTL0vai, t..
Act of enunciating.
2. Mode of utEn-tire 't y n. State of being entire
insert.]
Insertion of a letter or sylterance or pronunciation.
3. AnEn-ti'tle, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.] [L.
lable in the middle of a word.
nouncement; declaration.
Lat. intitulare, from in, in, and titu(i-pfirn/), n.
[Fr., econJSpergne
E-NiJN'ci-A-TiVE
(-shi-a-),
a.
Perlus, title.]
1. To give a title to
to
omy.] An ornamental stand for a
taining to enunciation.
call.
2. To give a claim to
to furlarge
dish.
E-nun'ci-a-to-RY
(-shl-a-),
a.
Pernish grounds for seeking.
EP-EX'E-GE'SIS, n. [Gr. inefryelo-eai,
taining to enunciation or utterance.
Syn. To name; designate; denomi;

nate

En-vel'op,

style; characterize.

EN'TI-TY,
thing.]

thought

n.

[L. Lat. entitas, fr. ens,

real being, whether in
or fact essence existence.

(en-tobm'), v.
-ing.] *To lay in a tomb

EN'TO-mo-log'ic'al,

a.

[-ed;

t.
;

to bury.

Pertaining

entomology

En'to-mol'o-gist,

n.

One versed

in

eVto-MOL'O-GY,

n.
[Gr. eV-ro^ov,
insect, and Aoyo?, discourse.]
That
part of zoology which treats of insects.
if fr.

n. pi.

a Lat. word,

[Fr. entrailles, as
intralia, fr. intra,

within.] 1. The bowels. 2. Internal parts, as of the earth.

n.
1. Act of entering
hence, act of taking possession. 2.

n'TRANCE,
A, f,

I,

[-ed

-ing.]

to explain in detail.]

[Fr.

2.

terpretation.
1. To
To wrap E-phm'E-RA,

[Gr.

n.

in-

n.

ciation, 6ng/ve-lop', or ong've-lop/.

e^ifrxepos,
fly that

but a day.] A
one day only any insect that
very short-lived.
E-PHEM'E-RAL, a. 1. Beginning and
ending .in a day. 2. Existing for a
short time only.
daily, lasting

A wrapper, espedaily of a letter.

K3~ This word, in the orthography envelope, often has a semi-French pronun-

En'vel-ope,
En-vel'op,

Exegesis

DEVELOP.]

lives

is

1.
Act of en- E-PHEM'E-RIS. n. ;pl. EPH'E-MER'I-DE$. [Gr. e^Tj/aepis, fr. ec/)rj/xepo?.[
That which envelops.
2. An astronomical
[-ed; -ing.]
1.
1. A journal.
t.

En-vei/op-ment,.

entomology.

EN'TRAiLg,

t.

gee

En-tomb'

to the science of

v.

envelopper.

surround as a covering.

veloping.

2.

En-ven'om,

v.

To
To

taint with venom

to poison.
2.
taint with bitterness.
l?N'VI-A-BLE,a. Fitted to excite envy.
EN'vi-ER, n. One who envies.
:

EN'VI-OUS,
w envy.

a.

En-vi'ron

(89),

Feeling or exhibiting

[manner.
In an envious

EN'vi-otJS-LY, adv.
v.

t.

[-ed; -ing.]

o,u, Y, long; X,,I,6,u, Y, short; cAre, FAR, ASK; ALL,

w almanac.

EPH'OD,

n. [Heb. cphod, fr.aphad,to

A girdle worn by Jewish

put on.]
w priests.
EP'I, a.
tale.]

n.

[Gr. eniicos, fr. oro?, word,

Containing heroic narration.

An

p'I-9ENE,

WHAT; ERE,

epic or heroic poem.

a. or n.
[Gr. e7r6coii>o?,

VEIL, TfiBM ;p'ique, fIrm; s6n

EPICURE

EQUIDISTANT

147

Abridgment compendium
compend abstract.
nouns as have but one form of genof the brain attended by paroxysms E-pit'o-aust, n. One who makes an
epitome. _
and loss of consciousness.
w der for both sexes.
EP'I-URE, n. A follower of Epicurus, Ep'I-lep'TIC, a.
Pertaining to, or E-pit'o-mize, v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
a Greek philosopher one addicted to
affected with, epilepsy.
[epilogue. w abridge, as a writing or discourse
sensual enjoyments.
Ep'I-LO-GIS'tpc, a.
Pertaining to EP'0ll,n. [Gr. e-cxr), a check, pause,
fr. eTrC,

and

koivo?,

mon to l>ot!i sexes

common.]

Com- EP'I-LEP'SY,

applied to such

n.

eTriAa.ju.^di'eii',

Syx.

[Gr. eTriAiji/ua, from

disease
to attack.]

Stx.

Voluptuary

EVl-U'RE-AX, or

Ep'I-LOGUE

sensualist.

stop, in the reckoning cf time.] A

fixed point of time, from which sue-

[Gr. erri'Aoyo?,

(-log), n.

conclusion.]
A short address to the
spectators recited after the conclusion of a play.
E-PIPH'A-NY, n. [Gr. eTrufxivia. (sc.

Ep'I-CU-RE'AN,

Pertaining to Epicurus,
or his philosophy. 2. Given to luxury luxurious.
n. 1. A follower
of Epicurus.
2. One given to the
luxuries
of
the
table.
w
(124), a.

1.

w ceeding years are numbered.

Ep'ODE,

[Gr.

n.

eTTtofio?, fr. eTTtuScs,

sung or said after.] The third or lust

appearance.]
A w part of an ancient ode.
church festival on the 6th day of EP'O-PEE', n. [Gr. e-n-nroua, fr. cttos,
Attachment
Ep'i-cu're-ax-ism, n.
January, in commemoration of the
song, and Troietv, to make.] An epie
poem or its action or fable.
appearance of our Savior to the wise
w to the doctrines cf Epicurus.
EP'1-cu-R.hM, n.
men who came to adore him.
E/QUA-BII/I-TY", n. Evenness or uni1. The doctrines,
or a doctrine of Epicurus. 2. Sensu- E-Pls'CO-PA-CY, n. [Lat. episcopatus, _ formity.
See ElSHOP.] E'QUA-BLE, a. [Lat. ssquabilis, from
fr. episcopus, bishop.
w al enjoyments voluptuousness.
Ep'I-CY'CLE, n. [Gr. e7nxuKAo9,from
Government of the church by bishxquare, to make level or equal.]
1.
(Ptolemaic
e7ri and kvkAos, circle.]
ops, priests, and deacons.
Continuing the same at different
Astron.) A
whose center E-Pis'-eo-PAL, a.
Governed by
times. 2. Uniform in action or incircle,
1.
moves round in the circumference of
bishops. _2. Belonging to bishops.
[ner.
_ tensity.
E-Pis'-eo-PA'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to E'QUA-BLY, adv. In an equable manw a greater circle.
Epa-CY'CLOID, n.
episcopacy.
n. One who adheres to E'QUAL, a.
[Lat. sequalis, fr. zequus,
[Gr.
the episcopal form of church governeven, equal.]
1. Having the same
en-t/cv/cAos,
[pacy.
and elSos, form.
ment a churchman.
magnitude, dimensions, value, &c.
E-pi's'oo-pa'li-an-ipm, n.
Episco2.
Having competent power, or
See supra.]
A
E-pis'go-pal-LY", adv. In an episcomeans fit. 3. Not variable equacurve generated
pal manner.
ble.
4. Characterized by fairness.
the
\>y a point
E-Pis'0-PATE (44), 57. 1. A bishopn.
circumference of
One not inferior or superior
r. t. [ED, -ING; or
ric. _2. Collective body cf bishops.
another.
a movable circle,
to
w
Ep'I-SODE, n. [Gr. c-eurooo?, fr. l-i
-LED, -ling, 137.] 1. To be or bewhich rolls on the
and etcroSos, a coming in.] An incicircumference of
come equal to. 2. To recompense
Epicycloid,
3. To make equal or equal
dental narrative, naturally arising
a fixed circle, as
fully.
by the point a or d, in the circle A w from the main subject.
to hence, to compare as equals.
Pertaining to, E-QUAL'I-TY, n. Condition of being
a.
EP'I-SOD'te,
or AL
or contained in.
equal.
[ing.
Ep'i-cy-cloid'al, a. Relating to the EP'I-SOD'l-AL, J
E'QUAL-I-ZA'TION, n. Act of equalizan episode.
epicycloid, or having its properties.
[Gr. eirta-roKrj
E'QUAL-IZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1.
EP'I-DEM'IO,
a.
[Gr. emo^/ao?, E-PIS'TLE (-pls / l), n.
A writTo make equal. 2. To pronounce
fr. eTuo-TeAAeiv, to send to.]
Ep'I-DEM'i^-AL, j
among the pen[ner cr degree.
ing sent to a person a letter.
pie.]
1. Affecting a whole people cr
_ equal.
community. 2. Generally prevailing. E-PIS'TO-LA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to E'QUAL-LY, adv. In an equal manE'QUA-NIIM'I-TY, n. [Lat. icquanimin.
A disease which affects num- k/ epistles. 2. Contained in letters.
tas, from scquus, equal, and animus:,
EP'I-TAPTT, n. [Gr. eirira^iov fr. eiri,
bers of persons at the same time.
mind.] Evenness of mind composand Tdcbos, tomb.] An inscription
Ep'I-DER'JXIS, n.
[Gr. hrtSep^K,
ure^
fr. em' and Sdpixa, skin.]
1. Outer
w on a funeral monument.
Pertaining to an E-QUA'TION, n.
1. An expression of
layer of the skin of animals. 2. Ex- EP'I-TAPH'ie, a.
epitaph, or to epitaphs.
the condition cf equality between two
w ternal layer of the bark of a plant.
algebraic quantities or sets cf quantiEp'I-dote, n. A hard vitreous min- Ep'i- tha-la'mi- &M, n. [Lat. Gr.
2. Difference between the true
e7ri0<iAd/aiov (sc. jixeAos), fr. IttL and
ties.
^ eral of a greenish or graj isli color.
and the mean place or other element
0dAa.ju.os, bride-chamber, bridal bed.]
EP'I-GAS'TRre, a. [Gr. eTriydcrrpios.]
of acelestial body.
Pertaining to the upper and anterior M A nuptial song.
'
EPa-THET, n. [Gr. e-tflerov, fr. erri- E-QUA'tor, n. [From Lat. scquare.
part of the abdomen.
An adjective expressSee supra.'] 1. A. great circle on the
0eros, added.]
EP'I-GLOT'TIS, n.
[Gr. eTriyAwT-ri?.]
earth's surface, everywhere equally
ing some quality, attribvite, or relaA leaf-shaped cartilage, whose use is
2. A
tion, specially appropriate to a perdistant from the two poles.
to prevent food or drink from enterson or thing.
great circle of the celestial sphere,
w ing the larynx while eating.
Syx. Title; appellation. The name
coincident with the plane of the
EP'I-GRAM, n. [Gr. e7ri'ypap.ju.a, from
epithet was formerly extended to nouns
earth's equator.
e7riypd<e<.v, to write upon.]
A short
which give a title or describe character
E'qua-to'ri-al, a. Pertaining to the
(as liar, &c.,) but is now confined wholly
w pointed poem.
n.
An astronomical inequator.
|P'I-GRA1I-MAT'I,
rhetorical
writers
Some
) a.
1. TVl'itto adjectives.
restrict it still further, considering the
strument.
p'I-GRA>i->lAT'l-e-AL, J
ing
epiterm epithet a.< belonging only to a lim- E-QUER'RY, 1 n. [Er. ccurie, stable.^
grams.
2. Belonging
:

tepd),

e-i<f)aveLa,

'

',

to epigrams
pointed.
w like an epigram concise
EP'l-GRArvi-MAT'ie-AE-LY, adv.
In
w an epigrammatic style.
;

EP'i-gram'ma-tist^

n.

One who

composes epigrams.

ited class of adjectives, viz., those which

add nothing to the sense of their noun,
but simply hold forth some quality necessarily implied therein, as the bright
sun, the loftif heavens, &c. But this restriction is not sanctioned by Johnson,
and it certainly does not prevail in general literature.
EP'l-THET're. a.
Pertaining to, or

EP'I-GRAM'MA-TIZE, V. t.
[-ED
To express bv epigrams.
w -ING.]
abounding in, epithets.
EP'I-GRAPH, n. [Gr. erriypa^i?, from
[Gr.
1. An E-PIT O-ME (147), n.
*Trtypd<l>eiv to write upon ]
inscription on a building denoting
fr. e-x-LTefjiveiv, to cut on the
its use.
A brief summary.
2. A motto.
;

OR, DO,

WOLF, T00 4 -0*0^ J

fjRN, RUE,

PULL; E,

/,

o. silent

Eq'UE-RY,
horses.

1.

2.

An

large stable for

of princes,

officer

charged with the care of their horses.

E-QUES'TRI-AN.

a.

[Lat. equestris,

E-QUES'TRI-AN-ISM,
ein.TOju.TJ,

surface.]

C,G,

fr,

1. Pertaining to
eques, horseman.]
horses or horsemanship. 2. Biding
n.
A horseman.
on horseback.

Horseman-

n.

[angles.

ship,

E'QUI-AN'GU-LAR, a.
E'QUI-DIS'TANT, a.

soft; , g, hard; /.s

E^IST; N

Having equal
[Lat.

as

ccquidis-

NG; this

EQUILATERAL

ERST

148

sequus, equal, and distans,

_ distant.] Being at an equal distance.
E'QUI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [Lat. sequdateralis
sequus, equal, aud tatus, side.]
Having all the sides equal.
[-ED -ING.]
E'QUI-Ll'BRATE, V. t.
[Lat. sequilibrare, -bratum, fr. sequus,
equal, and librare, to weigh, poise.]
To balance equally to keep in equi[balance even equipoise.
__ poise.
E'QUI-Ll-BRA'TION, n. A keeping the
tans,

fr.

Syn.

Impartiality

ness; honesty

rectitude
uprightness.
;

E-QUIV'A-LENCE, \n.
j

fair-

Condition
E-quiv'A-LEN-<;y, )
of being equiv2. Equal power or force.
alent.

E-RE,'T'iLE,

a.

E-QUIV'A-LENT,

E-RE'tion,

n.

1.

[Lat. sequivalere,

a.

to

-vuiens,

have equal power.]

1.

Equal in value, worth, power, import, &c. 2. (Geom.) Equal in dimensions, but not superposable.
1. That which is equal in value,
n.
weight, dignity, or force. 2. Atomic

E/QUI-LIB'RI-TY, n. Equilibrium.
weight of a substance.
E/QUI-LiB'Rl-uM, n. 1. Equality of
[Lat. sequivocus,
2. A just poise or E-QUIV'o-eAL, a.
weight or force.
from sequus, equal, aud vox, word.]
balance in respect to an object. 3.
significations
Having
different
equalEqual balancing of the mi ud between
uncertain.
ly appropriate
motives or reasons.

Ambiguous.
An
expression
Syn.
E-QUI'NAL, a. [Lat. equinus, from
.

E'QUINE,

ambiguous when different parts of it

can be so construed as to bring out a diAn expression is
versity of meanings.
equivocal when, taken as a whole, it expresses a given thought with perfect
clearness and propriety, and also another
thought with equal propriety and clearness. The former is a mere blunder of
language the latter is usually intended to deceive, though it may occur at
times from mere inadvertence.
[-ED; -ING.]
E-QU1V'0-ATE, V. i.
To use words of equivocal signification with a view to mislead.
is

equus, horse.]
Per_ taining to, or resembling, a horse.
E'QUI-No"TIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to
the equinoxes, or to the regions or
climate of the equinoctial line or
2. Pertaining to the time
equator.
when the sun enters the equinoctial
The celestial equator.
n.
_ points.
E'QUI-NOX, n. [Lat. sequinoctium fr.
The
sequus, equal, and nox, night.]
precise time when the sun passes the
J

equinoctial.
E-QutP',1-. t. [-fed; -ping, 136.] [Fr.
cquiper, to supply, 0. Fr. esquiper,
fr. esquif,

boat.]

1.

Syn. To

n.

1.

Furniture

EQ'UI-VOQUE,
Eq'ui-voke,

E'RA
1.

ret-

inue.
2.

Any

niture

_
E'QUI-POIRE, n.
and Eng. poise.]
or force

term.

Equivo-

L.

[Lat. sequus, equal,

[Late Lat. sera.]

n.
fixed point of time, from which
2
series of years is reckoned.

comprehended be-

shoot forth, as rays of light.

Equality of weight
equilibrium hence, equal-

E-RA'di-a'tion,

n.

Emission of light

or splendor.

ity.

2.

establish anew.

Any

E/QUl-POL'LEN^E, \n. Equality of E-RAD'I-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.

eradicare, -catum, from e, out, and
power or force.
E/QUI-poi/len-cy,
radix, root.] 1. To extirpate to root
E'QUI-POL'LENT, a. [Lat. sequipolout. 2. To destroy thoroughly.
lens, from sequus, equal, and^o^ens,
J

[erected

Capable of being
Act of erecting.

1.

thing erected

any building

E-RET'LY, adv. In an

ERE-LONG'
_ long.

(21),

adv.

erect posture.
Soon before
;

[ret.

ER'e-mite,

n.

ER'GO,adv.

hermit; an ancho-

[Lat.] Therefore; con-

sequently.

Er'got

(14), n. [Fr. ergot, argot.]

parasitic fungus, found in rye.

protuberance below the pasternjoint of a horse's leg.

Er'MINE, rc. [The

Armenian

rat, be-

cause these ani-

mals are found in

Armenia.] 1. An'
animal allied to
the weasel. 2. Fur
Ermine (1).
of
the ermine,
which in winter is white. 3. Dignity
ofjudges and magistrates.
E-ROEE', V. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat
erode re, from e, out, and rod ere, to
gnaw.] lo eat into to corrode.
E-r6'sion, n. Act of eating away;
;

canker.
la. [Gr. epamKOS, fr.
E-ROT'I,
E-ROT'l-AL, j
epos, love.] Pertain[tology.
ing to love amatory.
See HerpeEr'pe-tol'o-gy, n.

corrosion

V.
ring).]

[ERRED

i.

ERRING

[Lat. errare.]

from the right way.

w in judgment. 3. To

ER'RAND,

1.
2.
fail

morally.

n. [A.-S. serende, serend,

&r, messenger.]

message

strong, powerful.]
equivalent.
force

fr-

a com-

w mission.

ER'RANT,

a.

ERR.]

1.

[Lat. errare, errans. See

Deviating; wandering;
roving; rambling. 2. Wild; extravagant; notorious.
ER-RAT'I-e,
la. [Lat. erraticus, fr.
errare. to wander.]
ER-RAT'I-AE, j

Act of rooting

n.

(Er'-

To wander
To mistake

Having equal E-rad'i-ca'tion,

1.

2-

(89, 147),

tween two fixed points.

E-RA'DI-ATE, V. i. [-ED; -ING.] Lat.
To
e, out, and radius, ray, beam.]

fur-

To

ERR,

succession of years

Act of equipping.

thing used in equipping

equipage.

An ambiguous

n.

cation.

equipfurniture

n. 1.

ment.
Ornamental
2.
accouterments. 3. Attendance

E-QUIP'MENT,

[ocates.

E-qui'v'o-ca'tor, n. One who equiv-

w
Eq'ui-page,

Ambiguity of

n.

speech.

said of
is
necessary
2. To dress up
ships or of troops.
to array.
;

prevaricajte; evade; shuffle.

E-QUlV'O-CA'TION,

To supply with

whatever

To give loftiness or high

tone to. 4. To cheer. 5. To set up
as an assertion or consequence. 6.
building. 3.

Boving about

eccentric. 2.

Mov-

not fixed.
Er-Rat'I-al x.Y,adv. Without rule,
ing

order, or established method.

out; extirpation.

E'QUI-PON'DER-ANCE, n. Equality of E-RAD'I-A-TIVE, a. Tending or serv- Er-ra'tum, n.; pi. er-Ra'ta.

[erased.
ing to eradicate.
[Lat.,fr. errare, to wander.] An error
[same weight.
_ weight equipoise.
Capable of being
or mistake in writing or printing.
E/QUI-pon'der-ANT, a. Having the E-RAS'A-BLE, a.
-ING.] [Lat. ER-RO'NE-Olis, a. [Lat. erroneus, fr.
[-ed
E'QUI-PON'DER-ATE, V. i.
[Lat. E-RASE', v. t.
Deviating from
1.
eradere, erasum, fr. e, out, and raerrare, to err.]
sequus, equal, and -ponder are, to
dere, to scrape.] 1. To rub or scrape
a right course or right way. 2. Liaweigh.] To be equal in weight.
2. To obliterate, as
ble to mislead.
-out; to efface.
Eq'ui-ta-ble (ek'wi-), a. [See EquiSyn. Irregular; false; mistaken.
ideas.
ty.] 1. Possessing equity giving,
de- Er-RO'ne-oOs-ly, adv. By mistake.
or disposed to give, each his due. 2. E-rase'ment, n. Obliteration
Er-ro'ne-ous-ness, n. State of be[erases.
struction,
Pertaining to the tribunal or the
ing erroneous.
E-ras'er, n. One who, or that which,
rule of equity.
E-ra'ure (-r.^zhur), n. Act of eras- Er'ror, n. [Lat.] 1. A wandering
Syn. Just fair right impartial
;

ing

^ upright.

Eq'ui-ta-bly, adv.
manner.
,

sequus, even, equal.] 1. The giving, or desiring to give, to each man

his due. 2. An equitable claim. 3.
svstem ofjurisprudence, the object
yl which is to supply the deficiencies
fr.

of the courts of law.

I,

6, u, y, long;

obliteration.
adv. [A.-S.

Goth, air.]
prep. Before

ser,

Before: sooner than.

e,

(ar).

fcQ'UI-TY (ek'wl-ty ), n. [Lat. sequitas,

\,

ERE

In an equitable

in respect to time.
E-RE-eT', a. [See infra.]

1.

Upright,

or in a perpendicular posture. 2.
uplifted. v. t. [-ed -ING.]
[Lat. erigere, erectum. fr. e, out, and
1. To set
regere, to lead straight.]
upright to raise. 2. To raise, as a

Raised

&. s 2 s 5,u, y, short; cAre, ear,

ask, all,

what

from the right course or standard.

Want of truth inaccuracy. 3.
Violation of law or duty.
Blunder; mistake; fault.
Syn.
Erse, n. [A modif. of frisk.] Language of the descendants of the Gael
or Celts in the Highlands of Scota. Pertaining to the ancient
land.
inhabitants of Scotland.
Erst, adv. [A.-S. ser est, superb of
2.

ere,

'

veii,, SiiaSij pique,

fIrm s6n,
;

ERUBESCENCE
ER'U-bes'cence

Act of

n.

(52),

becoming red;

ER'U-BES'CENT, a.
eriibesrens, to grow
reddish

first.

fiR'y-BES'^EN-CY
w a blushing.

[Lat. erubesccre,
Red, or
red.]

v.

[Lat.

t.

eructare,

-tatum, from

out,
and ructare, to belch.] To eject, as
wind, from the stomach to belch.
r'U-ta'tion, n. 1. Act of belching wind from the stomach. 2. A
- violent bursting forth.
ER'U-DITE, a. [Lat. erudire, -ditus, to
Characterized by
polish, instruct.]
learned.
extensive knowledge
fiR'y-Di'TiON (-dlsh'un), n. State of
being erudite or learned.
E-Ry'GI-NOlJS, a. [Lat. zeruginosus
Partaking of copfrP serugo, rust.]
per or of its rust.
)

e,

[Lat. eruptio, from

erumpere, to break forth.] 1. Act of
bursting forth. 2. That which bursts
forth in a sudden manner. 3. The
breaking out of a cutaneous disease.
4. The disease itself.

E-RUP'TION,

n.

E-rDp'tive,

a. 1. Breaking or bursting forth. 2. Attended with eruption, or producing it.

Er'Y-sIp'E-LAS, n.
fr.

epvOos, red,

febrile disease

[Gr. epvcmreXa.?,
skin.]

and neWa,

with a diffused inflam-

mation of the skin.

Er/Y-si-pel'a-tol'S,
F.R'YSIP'E-eoTjs,
elas, or partaking of

a.

Resem-

its

horse.
2. An unconscious impropriety of speech or behavior.
*5s-APE', v. t.
[-EJD; -ING.]
[Sp.
escapar, 0. Fr. esckapper, escamper,
prob. fr. O. H. Ger. champ f, combat,
fight, hence, orig., to escape from
battle.]
To flee from and avoid to
2.

v. j.
1. To hasten away.
To be passed without harm.

n. Act of fleeing from danger, of

evading harm, or of avoiding notice.

Es-APE'MENT,

n.

Con-

trivance in a time-piece

which

connects
the
wheel - work with the
pendulum or the balance
so called because it allows a tooth
;

to escape from a pallet at

each vibration.
Es-eARP', n. [Fr escarpe,
escarper, to cut steep,
Ger. scarp, sharp, acute.]
Any
thing high and precipitous, as the
side of the ditch next the parapet.
fr.

6r, do,

n.

w declivity.

Eschalot'

[Fr. ts(esh'a-lot'), n.
calotte, eschalotte, Lat. cepa Ascalonia, it having been orig. brought fr.
species of small onion.
w Ascalon.]
Es'HAR (es'kav), n. [Gr. etrxdpa.]
dry crust or scab.

Es'cha-rot'ic,

Producing a scar

a.

caustic.

ES-CHEAT',

n.
[0. Fr. eschet, a thing
fallen to, fr. escheoir, to fall to, to
fall to the lot of.]
1. The reverting
of lands to the lord of the fee, in

ES'PLA-NADE',

n. [Fr., fr. Lat. explanare, to flatten or spread out.] 1.

Fort.
The
sloping
of the parapet of
)
(
the covered way toward the country.
2. A grass plat.

Es-pou'al,

n. 1. Act of espousing;
especially, in the pi., betrothal or

marriage ceremony. 2. Adoption.

v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [0.

Es-pou?e',

Fr. espouser,fv. Lat. sponsare, to betroth.] 1. To betroth; to affiance;

to unite by a promise of marriage or*

by a marriage ceremony. 2. To take

as a spouse to wed. 3. To take up
the cause of; to adopt.
consequence of the extinction of the
blood of the tenant. 2. ( U. S.) The Es-pous/er, n. One who espouses.
-ING.] [0. Fr. esfalling or reverting of real property Es-PY', v. t. [-ED
pier.
to the state.
[-ed; -ING.]
See Spx.] 1. To catch sight
v. i.
of.
2. To examine and keep watch
To revert, return, or become forfeitupon.
v. i.
ed, to the lord, the crown, or the
To look narrowly.
;

state
1

Es-cheat'a-ble,

Liable

a.

to es-

cheat.
;

and corA guard;

to perceive, lead, fr. Lat. ex

rigere, to correct.]
1.

persons giving attendance to afford

2.
safety, or as a mark of respect.
Protection on a journey or excursion.
[-ED; -ING.] To accomv. t.
safeguard.
w pany as

Es'cri-toire'

(-twor'), n.
[0. Fr.,
scriptorins, belonging to

writing-desk.
Es'-etT-LA'PI-AN, a. Pertaining to Esculapius. the god of the healing art
hence, medical curative.

w writing.]

Es'-eu-LENT,

[Lat. escidentus, fr.

Fit to be eaten ; eat-

a.

escare, to eat.]
edible.
is eatable.

able

ESQUIRE', n.
fr. escu, now

[0. Fr. escuyer, esquier,

ecu, shield.]
shield-

bearer or attendant on a knight in

modern times, a title of dignity next
in degree below a knight, given by
courtesy to any gentleman.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To wait on to attend.
Es-say', v. t.
[-ed; -ING.] 1. To
try
to attempt. 2. To make an experiment or trial of.
n. [Fr. essai,
from Lat. exagium, weight, balance.]
1. A trial
attempt endeavor. 2. A
composition shorter and less methodical than a formal treatise.
3. Exw periment.
Es'say-ist, orEs-SAY'lST, n. A writer
;

Es-cfiew'. v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From

0. H. Ger. skiuhan, to shun, avoid.]
To flee from to shun.
Es'-eoRT, n. [It. scorta, fr. scorgere,

from Lat.
\

bling erysipnature.
FS'CA-lade', n. [b'r., from Lat. scala,
ladder.]
An attack by troops on a
fortified place, in which ladders are
used.
F.S-GAL'OP (es-skoPup), n. [D. srJrnlp,
shell.]
1. A bivalve shell, with the
face usually marked with ribs. 2.
A regular, curving indenture in the
margin of any thing.
ifis^A-PADE', n. [Fr. See Escape.]
1. Fling, or
backward kick, of a

shun.

Es-ARP'MENT,

steep descent or

blushing.

E-RUT',_
E-rDc'tJ\.te,

ESTEEM

149

#7.
See Ere.] 1. First; at
2. Once
formerly long ago.
;

n.

Any thing

Es-etJTCH'EON (-kuch'un),

n.

that
[0.

w of essays.

ES'SENCE,

[Lat. essentia, fr. esse,

n.

to be.]
1. Formative nature of a
complex notion. 2. Constituent qual-

of a thing. 3. Solution in spirits

of wine of a volatile or essential oil.
Perfume odor.

ities

4.

Es-SEN'TIAL, a. 1. Really existing.

2. Important in the highest degree.

escusson, from Lat. scutum,

Fr.
3. Highly rectified
pure. 4. Necesshield.]
The shield or ground on
sary
indispensable.
First or
n.
which a coat of arms is represented.
constituent principle.
E-SOPH'A-GUS, n. [Gr. oicro^d'yos, fr. Es-sen'tial-ly, adv. In an essential
ol(T<a, fut. of </>epetv, to carry, and
manner or degree.
<t>ayeiv. to eat.] The gullet. [Written ES-TAB'LISH, V. t. [-ED; -ING.][0;

w also oesophagus.]
Es'o-lTER're, a. [Gr. eowepiKos, fr.
Designed for the
eo-wrepos, inner.]
specially initiated alone
said of
the instructions of philosophers
opposed to exoteric.
Es-pal/ier (-pSPyer), n. [Fr., fr. 0.
Fr. espalde, N. Fr. epaide, shoulder.]
1. A row of trees trained up to a lat-

A lattice-work

tice. 2.

to train fruit[0. Fr. es-

(-pesh/al), a.

from Lat.

a particular
Distinguished among others
sort.]
of the same kind.
Peculiar special particular;
Syn.

pecial,

species,

principal; chief.

Es-PE'CIAE-LY

[Fr. espionage, fr. espi-

on-'azh'), n.

onner, to spy.]
ment of spies.
;

E,

firm,

stabilis,

ment

confirmation.
2. State of
being established. 3. That which is
established, as a permanent civil,
military, or commercial force or or;

ganization

J,

In. [Fr. estafette, fr.

0. II. Ger. stap'i,
)
footstep, footprint.]
One of a series
of couriers in relay.
Es-TATE', n.
estat, from
Fr.
[0.
Lat. status, fr. stare, to stand.] 1."
Fixed condition rank state position.
2. Property, esp. property in
land. 3. One of the classes of men
which are considered as constituting

Es'TA-FETTE',

In an
manner.
Es-PI'AL, n. Act of espying.
ES'PI-ON-AGE' (eVpe-on-aj' or es'pe(-pesh'al-), adv.

especial

wolf, TOO s XOOttj fjRN,RyE, pull

Lat.

fr.

1. To make stable or firm.

To enact or decree to ordain. 3To found to institute.
Es-tab'lish-ment, n.
1. Settle-

stable.]

2.

s'TA-FET',

trees on.

Es-PE'CIAL

Fr. establir,

Practice or employ-

o, silent

the state.

ES-TEEM',

V. t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
zestimare, fr. sets, brass, copper, money.] 1. To set a value on. 2. To re-

9, g, soft; , G, hard;

Aj CgiST; N as ng; this

ESTHETICS

EUROPEAN

150

n.

gard with respect or affection.

High value or estimation.

winds, from erjjcrtBlowing at stated times

(sc. avejxoi),

<rlai

os,

annual.]

part of grammar which relates to the

changes in the forms of words in

Syn. To estimate; appreciate. We

a language.
of the year periodical.
esteem a man for his moral qualities we E'THER, 11.
[Gr. aiflrjp, fr. aifleiv, to ET'Y-MON, n. ; Eng.pl. ET'Y-MONg
estimate a person or thing according to
Gr.pl. ET'Y-MA. [Gr. erv/xov, true
kindle.] 1. A subtle fluid supposed
our views of their real value. The forliteral sense of a word, from eVv/uos.
to pervade all space. 2. A very light,
mer implies respect and attachment; the
latter is a mere exercise of judgment or
volatile, and inflammable fluid.
true, real.] A primitive word root!
;

computation.
See Appreciate.
Es-thet'I.'S, n. sing. Science of the
beautiful, or of the theory of taste.
See ^Esthetics.
Es'ti-ma-ble, a. 1. Capable of being
estimated. 2. Worthy of esteem.
ES'TI-MATE,-U. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
asstimare, -?natum.] To judge and
form an opinion of the value of, without actually measuring or weighing.

E-the'RE-al

1. Per(89, 124), a.
2.
taining to the ether; celestial.
exceedinglyConsisting of ether
light or airy. 3. Relating to ether.
E-THE'RE-AL-IZE, v. t. 1. To convert into, or saturate with, ether. 2.
;

To render ethereal.
E'THER-IZE, r. t. [-ED;
To convert into ether.

-ING.]

1.

EfJ'CHA-RlST,

[Gr.

ii.

evxapitrria,

thanksgiving, fr. ev, well, and xP l ?

favor, thanks.]
The Lord's supper;
the communion.
Eu'CHA-RiST'lc,
) a.
Pertaining
Eu'cha-rist'IC-al, )
to the Lord's
supper.
t

Eu'chre

Agameatcard3.

(yij'ker),n.

2. To put EU'DI-OM'E-TER, n.
[Gr. ev5i'a, fair,
clear weather, and /xerpov, measure.]
under the influence of ether.
Es'ti-mate (45), n. An approximate Eth'IC,
An instrument for ascertaining the
a.
[Gr. ->70t#c65, fr. rjflos,
purity of the air.
Eth'I-al,
custom, moral nature.]
w judgment as to amount, cost, &c.
Eu'lo-Gist, n. One who eulogizes.
ES'TI-MA'TION, n. An opinion of the w Relating to manners or morals.
According to Eu'lo-gIst'IC, a.
worth, extent, or quantity of any ETH'ic-AL-LY, adv.
Commendatory
[duty rules of duty.
Jaudatory.
^ ethics.
w thing.
Es'Tl-MLA/TOR, n. One who estimates. Eth'ICS, n. sing.
Science of human Eu-LO'Gl-'tJM, n. [Gr. evAoyia, euloEs'ti-yal, a. [Lat. aestivalis, fr. ws- Eth'NIC,
a.
[Gr. iQviicos, from
[praise.
gy.] A formal eulogy.
tas, summer.] Pertaining to, or con- Eth'NI-AL,
[-ED; -ING.] To
e0fos, nation.] 1. Be- Eu'lo-GIze, v. t.
tinuing through, the summer.
[Gr. evAoyia, fr. evAolonging to races based on distinc- EU'LO-GY, n.
Es-ToP', v. t. [-PED; -PING. 136.]
tions of race. 2. Heathen; pagan.
A commendayos, well speaking.]

[0- Fr. estoper, esloppare, to hinder,

fr. Lat. stupa, stitppa, tow, oakum.]
To bar to stop the progress of.
conclusive admisEs-TOP'PEL, n.
sion, which cannot be denied or con;

troverted.

affections of.

Es-TRANGE'MENT,
;

One who

tory speech or writing.

Encomium; panegyric. The
Syn.
word encomium is used as to both persons and things, and denotes warm
J
praise; eulogium and eulogy apply only
nography.
to persons, and are more prolonged and
studied
a panegyric was originally a
ETH-NOG'RA-PHY, ii. [Gr. e^os, naset speech in a full assembly of the peoA detion, and ypafyeiv. to write.]
ple, and hence denotes a more formal
scription of the different races of
eulogy, couched in terms of warm and
men with their different charactercontinuous praise.
Ett'nuch (yyj'nuk), n. [Gr. evvovvos,
w istics, habits, &c.
Pertaining
prop, guarding the couch, fr. evvrj,
Eth'no-Log'IC,
) a.
to ethnology.
couch, bed, and exeiv, to keep.] A
Eth'no-log'ic-al, )
castrated man, often employed as a
Eth-nol'o-gist, n. One versed in
chamberlain.
ethnology.
[Gr. ev, well, and
Eth-nol'O-GY, n. [Gr. e0vos, nation, Eu-pep'sy, n.
Good digestion.
Tre'i/us, digestion.]
and Aoyo?, discourse.] Science which
Having good digestreats of the division of man into Eu-PEP'TIC, a.
n.

a.

n.

alienation

Act of esremoval.

relations,

&c.

Pertaining to
ethics.
[Gr. r/0os, e0os, cusI

a.

passage, as the mouth of a river,

where the tide meets the current.

E TA GERE (et'a-zhar'), n.

[Fr.

from

etage, a shelf, story, floor.] A piece

of furniture having a number of
shelves, one above another.
Etch, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [N. II.
Ger. dtzen, atzen, to feed, corrode,
etch.] To produce, as designs, on
metal or glass, by means of lines eatw en in by strong acid.
Etch'ing,?i. 1. Act of one who etch;

2.

Impression from an etched

plate.

E-TER'NAL,

a.
[Lat. seternalis, from
1. Without beginning or
end of existence.
2. Without end;

seternus.]

everlasting

endless.

3.

Perpetual

4. Existing at all times

immutable.
without change
n.
The Deity God.
[ning or end.
E-tr'nal-ly, adv. Without beginE-tJSr'ni-ty, a.
1. Condition of being eternal.
2.
Condition which

ceaseless.

begins at death.

E-TER'NtZE,

make
A, E,

I,

V.

eternal

E-TE'IAN,

Pertaining to eth-

Es-TRAY', n. Any animal found wandering from its owner.

^ races, their origin,
Est'u-a-ry (64), n. [Lat. sestuarium, ETH'O-LOG'IC,
A narrow Eth/o-loG'jc-al,
fr. wstuare, to boil up.]

es.

cul-

w tivates ethnography.

ETH'NO-GRAPn'IC,
th'no-graph'I-AL,

Ls-to'veR!=>, n. pi. [0. Fr. estover, estovoir, necessary, need.] (Law.) Necessaries or supplies.
Es-TRANGE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [See
Strange.] 1. To keep at a distance. 2. To divert from its original
use or possessor. 3. To alienate the

tranging

Eth-nog'ka-pher,

a.

t.

[-EDI-ING.]

to immortalize.
[Gr. e-rrjcrios, pi.

To
Itij

E-thol/o-gy,

ii.

tion.

Eu'PHE-MlsM, n.
[Gr. ev<f)r)ixi<rfj.6<;
fr. ev, well, and ^rjjxi, to speak.]
A
delicate word used for one that is
,

tom, manners, morality, and

harsh or indelicate.
Ao-yo?,
Eu/PHE-Ml's'Tl-e,
Pertaining
Science of ethics.
1 a.
?'.
to, or con[-ED; -ing.] [Fr. EU/PHE-MIS'TIC-AL, J
taining, euphemism.
ctioler, orig. to become slender, prob.
1 a.
Pertaining to,
To be whitened Eu-PHON're,
fr. Ger. stiel, stalk.]
or exhibiting, euby excluding the light of the sun, as Eu-PHOK'ie-AL,
phony euphonious.
plants.
v. t. To blanch.
a.
Agreeable in
Operation of Eu-Piib'Nl-otJS,
E'ti-o-la'tion, it.
sound euphonic.
blanching so as to render plants
.
An
agreeable
Eu'PHO-NIsM,
comtender.
w white, crisp, and
bination of sounds euphony.
Et'i-quette' (fit'T-ket'), n. [Fr.,
n.
eixpwvia,
fr.
EU'PHO-NY,
[Gr.
ev,
Observance
of
a
label,
ticket.]
prop,
An agreeawell, and $u>vr), sound.]
the proprieties of rank and occasion.
ble sound or enunciation of sounds.
jSTUI(^tvf5'), n.
[Fr., fr. 0. II. Ger.
[Gr. ev^vrfc, wellsldcha, a short and narrow muff.] A Eu'PHU-Ism, n.
grown, graceful.] Affectation of exw ladies' reticule or work-box.
cessive elegance of language.
Et'y-MO-lo&'ic-al, a. Pertaining
One who affects exEu'PHU-lST, n.
to etymology.
cessive refinement of language.
AcET'Y-MO-LOG'K-AL-LY, adv.
Belonging to the
a.
Efj/pHU-IsT'lc:,
[etymology.
etymology,
cording to
euphuists, or to euphuism.
Et'y-MOL'o-g'ist, ii. One versed in
[Gr. evpofcAvowv.
ii.
EU-RO'LY-DON,
search
i.
To
Et'y-mol'o-gize, v.
fr. evpos, the south-east wind, and
w into the origin of words.
tempestuous
eastwave.]
kAvoW,
A
Et'Y-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. eTV/uoAoyia,
erly wind in the Mediterranean ; a
from eTVfiov and Aoyos, discourse.]
[Europe.
levanter.
exwhich
part
philology
1. That
of
Pertaining to
plains the origin of words. 2. That Eu / RO-PE'AN (124). a.
discourse.]

E'TI-0-LATE,r.

5,U, Y,lonS', A,,I, 6,i),Y, Short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL, TU3I; PIQUE, FIRM s6N.

;

EUTERPEAN
EC-tr'PE-AN,
muse Euterpe

Relating to the
hence, pertaining to

a.
;

some particular day, also, the period

just preceding some important event.

E-vEG'TION,

music.

EU'THA-NA'I-A,

Eu-THAN'A-SY,

n.

[Gr. ev9avoi<rLa,
ev,well, and

fr.

An

easy death.
E-vA-e'L'-ANT, a. Purgative; cathartic.
n. A cathartic medicine.
YA-e'U-ATE, V. t.
[-ED
-TOG.]
[Lat. evacuate -atum, fr. e, out, and
6dva.To<;,

death.]

EXACERBATE

151

[Lat. evectio, from

evrhere, to carry out.]
1. An inequality of the moon"s motion in its
orbit.
2. Libration of the moon.
E'VJSN (5 / vn), a.
[A.-S. even, efen,
Goth, ibns.]
1. Level, smooth, or
ii.

2.
equal in surface
not rough.
Equable not easily ruffled. 3. Parallel
on a level. 4. Equally balanced fair equitable. 5. Capable
2.
of division by 2
draw from, or desert. 4. To make
said of numbers.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To make
void; to nullify.
E-vag'U-a'tion, n. 1. Act of evacueven or level to level. 2. To bal2. That which is evacuated
ating.
ance accounts.
adv.
1. In an
esp. a discharge by stool.
[ates.
equal manner; exactly. 2. At the
E-VAG'U-A'TOR, n. One who evacuvery time.
3. So much as.
4. As
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. _ was not to be expected,
E-VABE', V. t.
[impartial.
evadete, fr. e, out, from, and vac/ere, E'VJSN-Hand'ed (?vn), a.
Fair or
;

empty. } 1. To make empty.

To remove; to eject. 3. To -with-

njacuus,

To get away from by

to go.]

arti-

E'VJEN-ING

(3'vn-ing), n. [See

EVEN.]

The separate individuals which conw stitute a whole, regarded one by one.
adv.
In every
place in all places.
E-VICT', v. t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
evincere, evictum, from e, out, and
vincere, to conquer.]
To dispossess
by a judicial process.
E-VIC'tion, n. Act of dispossessing

Ev'ER-Y-WHERE,
;

w by judicial process.

Ev'i-dence,
evident

n.

That whichmake*

1.

conclusive testimony. 2.
3. Means of proof.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To render evident to
w prove to evince.
EVI-dent, a. [Lat. evidens, from e,
out, and videns, seeing.]
Clear to
w the vision or to the understanding.
Ev'I-den'tial, a. Eclating to, or
^ furnishing, evidence.
Ev'I-dent-ly, adv.
In an evident

witness.

1. Close of the day, and beginning

_ manner clearly.
of night.
[A.-S. efel, yfel.]
1.
2. Latter portion, as of E'VZL (5'vl), a.
Having bad natural qualities. 2.
life.
[roughness.
wandering.
[away. E'v.en--ly (3'vn-ly), adv.
Having bad moral qualities. 3. Pro"Without
Ev'A-nes'cence, n.
A vanishing; E'vjen-ness (G'vu-, 109), n. State
ducing or threatening sorrow, injuEv'A-NES'CENT, a. [Lat. evctnescere,
ry, or calamity.
n. 1. That which
of being even, level, or undisturbed.
evanescens. fr. e out, and vanescere, E-VENT', n. [Lat. evenlus, fr. evenire,
causes suffering of any kind. 2. Moral badness.
to vanish.] 1. Vanishing; fleeting.
3. A malady or disease.
fr. e, out, and venire, to come.]
1.
adv. In an evil manner ill.
2. Imperceptible.
That which falls out any incident.
E-van'gel, n. [Lat. evangelium, Gr.
E-vince', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
2. Consequence of any thing.
Syn.
Occurrence;
adventure;
issue;
evincere,
from e, out, and vincere, to
evayyeKtov. glad tidings, the gospel.]
result; termination; conclusion; end.
vanquish]
To prove beyond any
_ Good news the gospel.
E-vext'FUL,
a.
Full
of,
or
distinE/VAN-GEL'IC,
reasonable doubt.
la.
1. Contained
[proved.
guished for, events.
E-VIN'CI-BLE, a.
E'VAN-GEL'IG-AL,
in, or relating
Capable of being
1. Happening as a E-vIn'cive^ a.
to, the Gospels.
2. Belonging to, or E-vent'u-al, a.
Tending to prove.
consequence or result.
2.
Final
E-VIS'CER-ATE, V. t.
[-ED; -1NG.J
consonant with, the gospel. 3. Techultimate.
[Lat. eviscerare, -atum, from e, out,
nically applied to a party in the
E-vent'u-al'i-ty, n. Bi.-position to
and viscera, bowels.] To take out
English and other churche3.
take cognizance of events.
the entrails of to disembowel.
E' VAN-GEL 'I-AL-LY, adv.
In an
Finally.
E-VIS'CER-A'TION, ii. Act of evisevangelical manner.
[the gospel. E-VENT'U-AL-LY, adv.
E-VENT'U-ATE,
V.
[-ED; -ING.] To
cerating.
E-van'gel-Ism, n. Promulgation of
E-VAN'GEL-IST, n.
1.
One of the ^ issue to terminate. [ Rare in Eng.] Ev'l-TA-BLE, n. [Lat. evitabilis, from
[A.-S. dfre, dfer, fr. av,
evitare, to shun.]
writers of the gospel history.
2. A EVER, adv.
Capable of being
age, eternity.]
1. At any time. 2.
shunned; avoidable.
preacher authorized to preach, but
always. 3. Without E-VOKE', v. t.
At
all
times
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
not having charge of a particular
evocare, from e, out, and vocare, to
church, and not allowed to adminis- ^ cessation or interruption.
EVER- GLADE, ii. A tract of land
call.] _To call out to summon forth.
ter the eucharist.
covered with water and interspersed Ev'O-LU'TION, n. [Lat. evoluere, evoE-VAN'GEL-IZE, v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
lutus, to unroll.] 1. Act of unrolling
To preach the gospel to to convert ^ with patches of high grass.
v'ER-GREEN,a. Green throughout
or unfolding
hence development.
to a belief of the gospel.
the, year.
A plant that retains
n.
E-van'ish, v. ?'. To vauish.
2. A series of things unrolled.
3.
its verdure through all the seasons.
Formation of an involute by unE-vap'o-ra-ble, a. Capable of being
EVER-LAST'ING, a. 1. Lasting or
winding a thread from another
evaporated.
enduring forever immortal. 2. Concurve. 4. Extraction of mathematE-VAP'O-RATE, V. f.
[-ED; -ING.]
tinuing indefinitely.
ical roots.
[Lat. evaporare, -atum, from e, out,
5. A regular movement
Svx. Eternal. Eternal denotes that
and vaporare, to emit vapor.] 1. To
of a body of troops, or of a vessel or
which has neither beginning nor end
fleet.
pass off in vapor 2. To be dissipated.
[to evolution
everlasting is sometimes used in our verEv'o-lu'tion-a-ry, a.
v. t. To dissipate in vapor or fumes.
Pertaining
sion of the Scriptures, in the sense of
E-VAP'o-ra'tion, ii. Act of turning
[-ED; -ING.] [See
eternal, but in modern usage each word E-VOLVE/, v. t.
has its distinctive meaning, and these
EVOLUTE.] 1. To unfold or unroll;
into, or passing off in, vapor.
ought not to be confounded.
to develop.
2. To throw out; to
E-vap'o-ra'tive, a. Pertaining to,
n. 1. Eternity.
2. A plant whose
emit.
v. i. To become developed.
orproducing, evaporation.
flowers
keep their color when dry.
E-vDl'sion, n.
S-VA'glON, n. Act of evading, par- w
[Lat. evulxio, from
EV'ER-LAST'ING-LY, adv.
Eternaleveliere, to pluck out.] Act of pluckticularly an accusation, interroga
ing out.
tion, &c.
w ly perpetually continually.
1. Always
eter- Ewe ( vij ), n.
[A.-S. eowu, Skr. avis,
Syx.
Shift
subterfuge prevarica- Ev'ER-MORE', adv.
tion equivocation.
2. For an indefinite future
nally.
Lat. ovis, Gr. oi's.]
A female sheep.
period.
1B-VA'SIVE, a. Tending to evade, or
(yur), n.
[0. Fr. eviere, from
E-VERT' (14), v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
marked bv evasion
Lat. agva, water.]
A pitcher with a
evertere, from e, out, and vertere, to
E-VA'SIVE-LY, adv. By evasion.
wide spout 1
turn.]
1. To overturn.
2. To turn EX-AC'ER-BATE, or Ex'A-CfiR'BATE
EVE,
[A.-S. efen,
n.
l
inside out.
E'VBN (e'vn, 58), j a fen, allied to
[-ED -ING.]
[Lat. ex(117), v. t.
[0. Eng. everyone, eveacerbate, -batum, from ex, out, and
even, level.] 1. Latter part of the v'ER-Y, a.
rich, A.-S. dfre ale, i. e., ever each.]
acerbate, to make harsh or bitter.
day evening. 2. Evening preceding

fice

to elude; to escape.

EV'A-GA'TION, n. [Lat. evagatio, fr.

evagari, to wander forth.] Act of

?'.

EWER

'

or, do,

WOLF, TOO* TOOIij URN, RUE PULL

,

E,

I,

o, silent

q,Gr,soft;

,G,hard; As; EXIST; N as NG

THIS

EXACERBATION
irritate

violent or bitter
to exasperate.
1.
n.

BX-Xc/ER-iiA'TION (egz-),
rendering more violent or

bitter.

exanimatum,

to

spirit.]

methodical

punctual.

Correct

See

precise

nice

or

inani-

.;

(egz-),

v.

[-ED

t.

[Lat. exasperare , -ratum^r.

ex and asperate, to make rough.] 1.
To irritate in a high degree. 2. To
aggravate to imbitter.
To provoke; inflame; enrage.
Syn.

"^ING.]

3.

Ex-Xs'PER-A'TlON,

care-

Accurate.

perating

exclusion.
2. That which is excepted something not included, o.
An objection dissent.
Ex-cp'tion-a-ble, a. Liable to exception objectionable.
[ception.
Ex-c;ep'TION-al, a. Forming an exEx-CEPT'1VE, a. 1. Including an exception. 2. Being an exception ; ex
;

EX'AN-

pi.

Ex-Xs'PER-ATE

by habitual or constant
nicety or care.
4. Proceeding from,
or characterized by, exactness.
Syn.

life

life

Or. edv07?/ixa.
fr. iav9eiv, to burst forth as flowers]
An cSorescence or redness of the
skin an eruptiou.

Marked

ful.

of

2. Spiritless.

JEX'AN-THE'MA, n. ;
[Lat..
THttM'A-TA
a

periodical increase of violence in

disease.
Ex-Xct' (egz-akf), a.
[Xat. exigere,
exactus, to drive out, uemand, measure.]
1. Precisely agreeing with a
standard, a fact, or the truth. 2.
;

Destitute of

1.

^mate.

to deprive

2.

Accurate

EXCISION

152

To render more

n.
Act of exasirritation ; provocation.

ceptional.

Ex-^ept'or,

One who takes es*

n.

ceptions.

Ex-cLrpt',

11.
[From Lat. excerpere,
excerplum, to extract, select.] An
extract a passage selected.
Ex-f'Ess', n.
[Lat. excessm, from excedere.
See Exceed.] 1. State of
going beyond limits superfluity. 2.
;

v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To demand Ex'CAN-DES'CENCEjn. A white or

or require authoritatively to extort.
glowing heat.
Intemperance dissipation. 3. That
Ex-XT'ER, n. One who exacts.
Ex'can-des'cent, a.
which exceeds what is usual or prop[Lat. excanEx-Xc'tion, n. 1. Authoritative dedescere,
excandeseens, to
kindle,
er.
4. Amount by which one thing
mand hence, extortion. 2. That
glow.] White or glowing with heat.
exceeds another remainder.
^
which is exacted.
EX'A-VATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. Ex-CESS'IVE, a. 1. Exhibiting exEx-Xct'1-tube, n. Exactness.
cess.
excavare, -vatvm, fr. rx,out, and ca2. Transgressing the laws of
Ex-act'LY (110), adv. In an exact
vare, to make hollow.] 1. 'Io hollow
morality prudence, or propriety, &c.
manner; accurately.
[exact.
SykJ Extreme vehement. Anger
out. 2. To form by hollowing.
Ex-ACT'NESS, n.
Condition of being x'ca-va'tion, n.
or any other feeling may be extreme or
1. Act of excavehement without being of necessity
Ex>AT'OR, n.
One who exacts
vating. 2. A cavity formed by removwro g; the occasion may justify it; but
hence, an extortioner.
:

Ex-Xg'ger-ate

(egz-aj'er-fit),

V.

w ing theinterior.

t.

3.

tunnel.

to be exccssi'i-eli/ angry, or excessive in

any thing, involves a want of self-comOne who, or that

.
mand which is blameworthy. See
which, excavates.
Enormous.
EX-f'EED', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
Ex-cess'ive-ly, adv. In an extreme
up.] 1. To amplify
to represent as
excedere, from ex, out, and cedere, to
degree.
greater than truth or justice will
go, to pass.] 1. To pass or go beEx-change', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [0.
warrant. 2. (Paint.) To heighten in
yond. 2. To surpass; to excel.
coloring or design.
Fr. exchanger.
See CHANGE.]
1.
v. i. 1. To go too far. 2. To be more
Ex-Xg'ger-A'tjon, n. 1. TtepresenTo give or take in return for some[degree.
or larger.
barter.
tation beyond the truth
thing
to
2. To part with
13 perbole.
EX-CEED'IXG, adv. In a very great
2. ( Paint. A representation of things
for a substitute.
Ex-OEED'ING-LY, adv. Very much.

Ex'A-va'tor,

[-ED; -ing.] [Lat. exaggerure, -ritum, from ex and aggerare, to heap

beyond natural

life.

Ex-cel',

[-LED -LING, 13G.]

V. t.
[Lat. excellere, from ix, out, and root
cell, akin to Or. KeWeiv, to impel.]
To exceed to surpass, esp. in good
qualities.
v. ? To have good qualities in an unusual degree.
x'CEL-lence, n. 1. State of being
excellent eminence.
2. An excellent quality.
3. A title of honor.
Syn. Superiority perfection; worth.
_
Ex'CEL-LEN-CY. n. 1. Valuable qualexcellence. 2. A litle of honor.

Ex-A.LT' (egz-awlt'), v.t. [-ED -ING.]

[Lat. exaltare, from ex and altare, to
;

make

high.] 1. To elevate; to lift

To elevate in rank, dignity,
power, &c. 3. To extol to glorify.

up.

2.

4. To elate.
Ex/AL-TA'TION,?;.

Act of exalting;

state of being exalted

Ex-AMa-NA'TlON,

11.

elevation.

1.

An examin-

ing
careful search or inquiry. 2.
A process for testing qualification.
Search; inquiry; investigaSyn.
;

ity

Ex'CEL-LENT,

tion; research; scrutiny; inquisition.

(egz-am'in), v. I.
[-ED;

1.

A portion

and

solitary case.

life

of virtue,
with only one instance of departure from
rectitude.

A, ,

I,

a.

[Lat. exanimare,

o, V, Y,2ongyX.,E,,

many examples

E^C-Xn'I-MATE,

taken

man's

v.t.

v.i. To take exception

prep., but orig. and
to to object.
prop, a verb In the imperative mode.
With exclusion of; leaving out;
excepting.
Syn. But. Both except and but are
used in excluding, but with this difference, that except does it more pointedly.
" I have finished all the letters except
one," is more marked than ' I hive finished all the letters bvl one." The Fame
remarks apply to excepting, and with the
exception of.
ronj. Unless
if not.

present

Exceeding-

transcendently.

exclude.

Syn.
Instance. Any thing brought
forward as an example must represent a
class of objects; an instance may be a

may

attain-

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

excipere, exceplum, fr. rx, out, and
capere, to take.] To leave out of; to

a sample. 2. A pattern or copy. 3.

Something serving for illustration of
a rule or precept.

single

Ex-CEPT",

E-Xm'PLE, n. [Lat. exemplum, orig.,

what is taken out of a larger quantia sample.]

others

dignity,

able; select; exquisite; transcendent.

ly

show the character of the whole

Excelling

EX'CEL-LENT-LY, adv.

to

a.

worth,

ments, &c.
Syn. Worthy; choice; prime: valu-

-ING.]_ [Lat. exa?ninare,fv. examen,

means of examining, examination.]
1. To try and assay by the appropri2. To inquire
ate methods or tests.
into and determine. 3. To try, as
an offender to test the attainments
to question
of, as a scholar
to
prove by a moral standard.
Ex-am'i-ner, n. One who examines.

ty, as

virtue,

in

Ex-Xm'INE

Ex-CEPT'ING,/>?vp.. but prop, a participle.

Excluding; except.
n. 1. Act of excepting

Ex-CEP'TION,

6,0, , short; care, far, Ask, all,

Syn. To chance commute interchange; bargain; swap: traffic.

n. 1. A giving or taking one thing
a giving and
in return for another
receiving reciprocally. 2. The thing
given or received in return for something. 3. (Com.) Process of settling
accounts or debts between parties at
a distance from each other, by exchanging orders or drafts, called bills
of exchange.
'
EST* The term bill of exchange is often
abbreviated into exchange; as, to buy
exchange ; tc sell exchange.
4. Place where business men meet to
transact business, at certain hours.
Ex-CHANGE'A-BlL'I-TY, n. Quality
or state of being exchangeable.
Capable of
Ex-change'a-ele, a.
being, or f:t to be, exchanged.
One who exEx-CHAN'GER, 11.
changes.
;

Ex-CHEQ'UER

(-chek'er),

n.

[Sec

Checker and

Chess.] 1. One of
the superior courts of law. [Evg.]
hence, pecuniary
treasury
2. The
;

possessions in general.
[Lat. txcisvm, cut off,
Ex-Cl^E', n.
from excidf-re, to cut off.J An inland
of a direct tax on
nature
duty of the

the consumer
licenses,

v.

or impose

t.

also levied

on certain

[-ed; -ING.] To lay

an excise upon.

Ex-clgE'MAX

(150),

An

n.

officer

charged with collecting the excise.

Ex-CIS/ton (ek-sizh'un), n. 1. Act ol

cutting off; extirpation destruction.
;

2.

what; ere,

Excommunication.

veil,

tbm; pique, fTrm;

s6n,

EXCITABILITY
Ex-CIT'A-b^l'i-ty, n.

EXEQUATUR

153

Quality of be-

ing readily excited.

[excited.

Ex'GRE-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to,

w or of the nature of, excrement.

Ex-cit'a-ble. a. Capable of being EX'CRE-MEN-TI'TIOUS

Pertaining to excrement.
Act of exciting;
Ex'^i-ta'tion, n.

a.

(-tlsb/us),

also, the

Ex-CITE',

t.

[-ED

-ING.]

n. Any thing growing out unnaturally from any thing

Ex-RES'cence,

excitement produced.
v.

To
To

1.

2.
call to activity in any way.
increase the vital activity.
To incite. When we excite
Syx.
we rouse into action feelings which were
less stiong; when we iiicite we urge forward to acts correspondent to the feel-

else.

Demosthenes excited
ings awakened.
the passions of the Athenians against
Philip, and thus incited the whole nation
to unite in the war against him.
1. Act of excit-CITE 'ME NT, n.
ing. 2. That which excices.
Ex-CIT'ER, n. One who excites.
Ex-CIT'ING, p. a. Rousing into action.
Ex-GLAIM', v i. [-ed;-ING.] [hat.
exclamare, fr. ex, out, and clam are,

Ex

To

ness or passion

in a preternatural or morbid manner.

EX-GRETE', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
discharge from the body as useless
to eject.
Ex-RE'tion, n. 1. Act of throwing
;

2. An uttered expression
claiming.
3. An
of surprise, joy, and the like
4.
A sign by which
interjection.
emphatical utterance or outcry is
:

(50), a.

w That which

t.

[-ED

ex, out, and rlau1. To thrust out or

To hinder from entrance

dere, to shut.]
eject.

2.

Having the

(50), a.

quality of throwing off excrementitious matter.

n.
A vessel that
serves to receive and excrete matter.

-ING.]
ex, out
crucify,

or admission.

^ curse pronounced.

EX'E-CUTE,

v.

[-ed; -ING.] [Lai.

t.

exsequi, exsecutus, to pursue,

out, and sequi, to follow.]
carry into complete effect.

what

perform

validity to.

3.

c::

1.

'o

2.

To

required to givo

is

To give effect to. 4.

5. To perform, as

to death.

a piece of music.
SVN. To accomplish; effect;
achieve; consummate; finish.

Ex'e-cu'ter,
w into

fir.

fulfill

One who canicT

n.

effect.

EX'E-GU'TION,

to

Ex'E-eu'TiON-ER, ii.
One who carries into effect a judgment of death.

To torture;

torment.
n.

out of, from,

execrari, -c.ratum, fr. ex,

To imprecate evil
sacer, holy.]
upon hence, to abhor to curse.
EX'E-GRA'TION, it. Act of cursing ?j
and

In-

torment.]

n.
1. Act of rr.^v'ing performance
hence, legal accomplishment. 2. A putting to death
as a legal penalty. 3. Act or mode
of performing. 4. Effect.

[-ED
(-shT-at),r. t.
[Lat. excruciare, -atum, from
of, from, and cruciare, to

Ex-CRU'CI-A'TION (-kr^sM-),

detestable

Ex'E-RA-BLY, adv. Detestably.

EX'E-CRATE,6\ t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

To put

Having the power

a.

Ex'RE-to-ry

2.

excreted.

w of excreting.

Ex-EC'u-TlVE, a. Designed for exeextreme pain torture.

cution, or carrying into effect; perEx-cOl'pa-ble, a. Capable of being
fliction of

taining to the execution of the laws.

exculpated.

n. The officer who superintends

[-ED -ING.]
the execution of the laws.
and culpare,
The person apculpatum, to blame.]
To clear from Ex-EC'u-TOR, n.
pointed by a testator to execute his
the charge or imputation of guilt.
[executor.
will after his decease.
Syx. To exonerate; absolve; excuse.
EX'CUL-PA'TION, n. Act of exculpat- Ex-ec'u-tor-ship, ii. Office of an
1. PerformEx-Ec'u-TO-RY
a.
(50),
[taining excuse.
ing exoneration.

EX-GUL'PATE

-ING.]

is

Ex'gre-tive,

Contain-

ing, or expressing, exclamation.

(30), V.
[Lat. exclulere, fr

matter from the system.

off effete

Ex-LAIM'ER, n. Oue who exclaims.

1. Act of exEx'GLA-MA'TION, n.

EX-GLUDE'

[Lat. excrescere, exout.] Growing out

EX-eRU'cr-ATE

to vociferate.

marked thus [!]

Ex-clam'A-to-ry

grow

crescent, to

cry oat from earnest;

very hateful
w abominable.
execrated

Ex-RES'CENT, a.

to cry out.]

(117), V.

t.

[Lat. ex, out of, from,

Ex-CLU'^iox, n. Act of excluding.

executive.
2.
ing official duties
Ex-GLU'flON-lST, n. One who would Ex-<JL'PA-TO-RY,. Excusing; conDesigned to be executed in future.
exclude another from some privilege. Ex-gOr'sion, n. [Lat. excursio, from
Ex-CLU'SIVE, a. 1. Having the power
excurrere, to run out.] 1. A setting Ex-ec'u-tress, n. A female executor.
of excluding. 2. Not taking into the
out from some point an expedition. Ex-eg'u-trix, j
fix'E-GE'SIS, n. [Gr. e^yrjcri?.] Exaccount.
n. One of a coterie who
2. A trip for pleasure or health.
3.
;

exclude others.

Ex-LU'sive-ly, adv.
to exclude.

In a manner

[ing exclusive.
n. Quality of be-

Ex-glu'sive-ness,
EX-COG'I-TATE, V. t.

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. excogitare, -latum, fr. ex, out,
and cog i tare, to think.] To produce

position

Digression.

SVN.

Journey;

Ex-gOr'sive,

tour; ramble; jaunt.

Wandering;

a.

ram-

exegesis

bling.

explanation;

iuterpreta-

to

explanaroi-y.

Ex-euR'sz s,n. [Lat. See supra.] A Ex-Ek'PLAR (egz-em'plar), n. [Lat.

See Example.] A model, original,
dissertation appended to a work, and
T

containing a more

full

exposition of

as the result of thinking.

some important topic.

Act of devising Ex-cus'A-BLE, a. Capable or worthy
in the thoughts contrivance.
oflieing excused pardonable.
[-ED: Ex-fJs'A-Bl,Y, adv. In an excusable
X'0.1MU'NI-ATE, V. t.
-ING.] [Lat. excommunicare, -catum,
manner pardonably.
to put out of the community.] 1. To Ex-CUS'a-TO-RY, a. Making, or conexpel from the communion of the
apologetical.
taining, excuse
2. To denounce excom- Ex-CIHE', v. t.
church.
[-ED;-ING.]
[Lat.
munication against.
excusare, from ex, out of, from, and
fix'coM-ML'Ni-eA'TiON, n.
Act of
causa, cause.]
1. To exculpate
to
excommunicating.
absolve. 2. To pardon, as a fault.
EX-GO'RI-ATE (89), V. t. [-ED -ING.]
4. To free from an
3. To overlook.
[Lat. excoriare, -atum, fr. ex, out of,
obligation. 5. To ask pardon for.

Ex-gog'1-ta'tion,

u tion of the Holy Scriptures.

Ex'E-GET'lC-AJL, a.
Pertaining

n.

w or pattern, to be copied or imitated.

By way of
v example.
Ex'EM-PLA-RY, a. [Lat. exemplaris,
from exemplar.] Acting as an exemplar serving as a pattern.

Ex'EM-PLA-RI-LY, adv.

EX-EM'PLI-FI-CA'TION. n. 1. Act of
exemplifying. 2. That which exem-

from, and cor, urn, skin, kicb.]

wear off the skin of; to abrade

To EX-CUSE'

to
[ing.

gall.

Ex-GO'Rl-A'TION, n. Act of excoriatEX-GOR'TI-CA'TION, n. [Lat. ex, out

of, from, and cortex, bark.]
Act of
stripping off bark.

Ex'GRE-MENT,

n. [Lat. excrement um,

(-kus', 91), n.
1. A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or ir-

regular deportment. 2. That which

extenuates a fault.
Syn\
Apology.
An excwte refers to
what is wrong; an apoloqy. to what is

unbecoming or indecorous. A pupil

offers an excuse for absence, and an
apolorjy for rudeness to his instructor.

[plifies.

plifies,

Ex-em'plI-fPer, n. One who exemEX-EM'PLI-FY, V. t. [-ED; -ING. 142.]

[Lat. exemplum example, and facere,
1. To show by example.
to make.]
2. To make an attested copy of.
3.
To prove or show by an attested
,

copv.

Ex-empt'

(84),

v.

t.

[-ed;

-ing.J<

[Lat. eximere, exemption to remove.'k

To take out or from to release.

a.
Taken out or removed released.
One freed from duty one not
n.
:

subject.

from excernere, excretum, to sift out,

When an excuse has been accepted, an Ex-EMP'TION (84), n. Act of exemptdischarge.] 1. An outgrowth, as the
apology may still, in some cases, he neing state of being exempt immucessary or appropriate.
hair and nails. 2- Matter ejected;
privilege.
nity
Ex'e-cra-ble, a. Deserving to be Sx'e-QVa'tur, n. [Lat., let him
dung.
;

or, do, -wolf, too, TCfofij tJRN, RUE,

pull E,
;

I,

o, silent

c,g,5o/i!; , g, hard;

As; exist

jjosNG; this

EXEQUY
Ex'E-QUY
sequise,

That which
w

neral rite.
n.
[Lat. exercitium, fr.
exercere^ exercitwni, to drive on, keep

1. Act of exercising
exerbusy.]
tion application. 2. Performance;
practice.
8. Performance of a public office, esp. of religious worship.
4. Exertion for the sake of training
or health. 5. A disquisition a les[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.
son; a task.
to train
to
1. To set in action
busy. 2. To exert for the sake of
hence,
training or improvement
to tax
to
to discipline 3. To task
;

i.

to cheer.
n.

exercised.

Act of ex-

State of being exhil-

2.

Syn. Animation;

joyousnesa

glad-

yeveiu,

(egz-erg/),^. [Fr., fr. Gr.

e, out, and epxov, work.] The place
on a coin or medal, in which the date
and engraver's name is placed.
Ex-rt', i<. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. ex-

exettum, from ex
or bind together.]
1. To put forth, as strength or ability. 2. To do or perform
erere, (or exserere),
and serere, to join

Ex-er/tion, n.
EX-FO'LI-ATE,

Effort; struggle.

[-ED; -ING.]
v. i.
[Lat. exfoliate, -atum, to strip of
leaves.] To come off in scales, as
pieces of carious bone.
Ex-fo'li-A'tion, n. Scaling off of a
bone, or a rock.

[exhaled.

Ex-HAL'A-BLE, a. Capable of being

Ex/HA-LA'TION, n. 1. Act of exhaling evaporation. 2. That which is
;

exhaled.

Ex-hale' (egz-haP),

v.

[-ED -ING.]
out of, from,

t.

[Lat. exhalare, fr. ex,

and halare, to breathe.] 1. To emit,
as vapor, or an odor. 2. To cause
to be emitted
to evaporate.
v. i.
To be given off, as vapor.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

exonerare, -atum, fr. ex, out

from, and onerare, to load.] To
relieve of, as a charge, obligation,
or load of blame.
Syn. To acquit; exculpate clear
;

(-eks-), n.

1.

Act

justify.
See Absolve.
Ex-on'er-a'tion, 72. Act of exoner-

ating

a disburdening.

EX'O-RA-BLE

a.
[Lat. exorabilis, fr.
exorare, to obtain by request.] Capable of being moved by entreaty.
Ex-6r'b1-tan<,'E,
n.
Enormity;

2. Language intended
and encourage advice.
Ex-6r'bi-tan-cy, j
Ex-HOR'TA-TIVE
(egz-), a.
Con- Ex-OR'BI-TANT, a.

of exhorting.

to incite

Ex-hor'ta-to-ry

Lat. exorbitare
exorbitans, fr. ex, out of, from, and
orbita, track or rut.] Departing from
the usual track; h^nce, excessive;

One who

n.

or
hortatory.
exhorts.

taining,

serving for, exhortation

Ex-h6rt'er,

E:xyHU-]VlA'TlON,n. Act of exhuming.

Ex-hume', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
ex, out, and humus, ground.]
To
^ dig up, as from a grave to disinter.
x'i-Gence, In. Urgent or exacting
EX'I-GEN-CY, J
want.
Syn. Demand; urgency; emergen-

w extravagant

Ex'or-cise,

necessity.

Ex'I-GENT,

[Lat. exigens, -genlis,

a.
driving forth, exacting.] Requiring
w immediate aid or action pressing.
EX'I-GU'I-TY, n.
State
of being
small; slenderness.
Ex-iG'u-oOs, a. [Lat. exiguus.] Small
w slender minute.
Ex'lLE (eks'Il), it. [Lat. exilium, ex;

silium, banishment.] 1. Forced separation from one"s native country.

2. One expelled from his country.
Banishment expulsion.
Syn.
-ING.] To banish or
v.t. [-ED
expel from one's own country.
[Lat.
exilis.]
Ex-ILE' (egz-IP), a.

enormous.
t.
[-FD; -ing.]

to bind by an oath.]

[Gr,

and opKtieti',
To drive away,

w its an evil spirit, by adjuration.

Ex'or-cIs/er, n. One who exorcises

Ex'OR-Cl'sM, n. Act of exorcising;

also, a prajer or incantation for this
end.

[expel evil spirits

Ex'OR-^tsT, n. One who pretends to

Ex-OR'DI-AL (egz-), a. Introductory.
Ex-OR'DI-UM, n. [Lat., fr. exordiri,
to begin a web, to begin ]
Begini especially , the beginning of c

ning

^ discourse.

eVo-TER'IC,
Ex/O-TER're-AL,

[Gr. e^repi/cos,

a.

fr.

ew, outside.]

Public not secret hence, capable

of being readily comprehended

v.

efop/ci^etv, fr. e, out,

cy

extravagance.

Ex-rgue'

v.

[Lat.

of,

(egz-horf), v. t.
[-ED;
-ING.] [Lat. exnortari, fr. ex, out of,
from, and koriari, to encourage.] To
incite to advise, warn, or caution.
Todeliver exhortation.
w v. i.

Ex'HOK-TA'TlON

w tion.

Ex'er-cis'ER, n. One who exercises.

EX'ER-Cis'l-BLE, a. Capable of being

1.

ness; cheerfulness.

To put in practice to
To use action or exer-

n.

Ex-HORT'
j

4.

hilarating.
arated.

v.

Ex-6n'er-ate,

(-bTsb/un-),

use.

to enliven

show.

lie

E$-Hil/A-RA'TlON,

afflict.

One who has

(Eng. Universities.)
a pension granted for support.
(egz-inV-),v.t. [-ed;
-ING.] [Lat. txhilarare, -ratum, fr.
ex, out of, from, and Inlarare, to make
merry.] To make cheerful or merry

exhibited

Ex-hil'a-rate

EX'ER-CISE,

any pub-

yeveV&H, to bring forth-] A

plant characterized by having dis
tinct bark, wood, and pith, and
increasing by the annual addition of
anew lajer to the outside next to
the bark.
Ex-og'e-nous, a. Growing by successive additions to the outside of
the wood.

is

Ex'hi-bI'tion-er

[Lat. exequise, exfuneral procession.] A fu-

(148), n.

EXPATIATE

154

perform.] A written official recognition of a commercial agent.

opposed to esoteric.
Ex-6t'I, a. [Gr. eam/c6s, fr. effw,
Not native; foreign, n.
outside.]

Any thing of foreign origin, as a

EX-IIA.UST' (egz-hawst 7 ), v. t. [-ED
Small thin fine.
plant.
ING.] [Lat. exaaurire, -haustum, fr. Ex-'isT' (egz-isf), v.i. [-ED; -ING.] Ex-ot'I-cIsm, n.
1. State of being
ex, out of, from, and haurire, to
[Lat. existere, exsistere, from ex, out
2t Any thing foreign.
exotic.
draw.] 1. To draw out or drain off
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
of, from, and sistere, to set, place.] Ex-PAND', v. t.
completely.
2. To empty.
to have an actual or real
cxpandere, fr ear, out of, from, and
3. To
1. To be
wear out to weary.
pandere, to spread out, to open.] 1.
being. 2. To live to have life.
Ex-HAUST'ER, n. One who, or that Ex-isT'ENCE, ) n. 1. State of existTo lay open. 2. To make larger to
which, exhausts.
[exhausted. Ex-1'st'en-CY, j
ing. 2. That which
hence, to enlarge to extend.
dilate
Ex-HAUST'l-BLE, a. Capable of being
To become opened, dilated,
exists; a being; a creature, [isting.
v. i.
Ex-haust'ION, . 1. Act of exhaust- TEx-isT'ENT, a. Having being ex[or body.
or enlarged.
ing. 2. The state of being exhausted. EX'IT, n.
[Lat., 3d pers. pres. of ex- Ex-panse', n. A wide extent of space
Ex-HAUST'LESS, a.
1. Departure of a
Not to be exire, to go out.]
Ex-pan'si-bil/i-ty, n. Capacity of
hausted inexhaustible.
[expanded.
player from the stuge. 2. Any debeing expanded.
.Ex-her/e-da'TION, n. [Lat. exhere3. Way Ex-pa n'si-ble, a.
Capable of being
death decease.
parture
datio, from exheres, disinherited.]
n.
1. Act of expandEx-PAN'SION,
of
departure.
w
A disinheriting.
EX'o-DtfS, n. [Gr. eoSos, fr. e#, out,
ing enlargement. 2. That which io
Ex-hib'it (egz-hib/it), v. t.
3. Extension
[-ED
and 686s, way.] 1. Departure from
expanded; expanse.
-ING.] [Lat. exhibere, exhibitum, fr.
esp. the
a place
of space room. 4. Increase of the
ex, out of, from, and habere, to have
departure of the Iscirculation of bank-notes.
or hold.] 1. To hold forth to view
Ex-pan'sive, a. Serving or tending
raelites from Egypt
to show
to display.
[one side only.
2. To present
under Moses.
2.
to expand.
in a public or official manner.
n.
Second book of the
Ex-p'aR'te, a. [Lat.] Upon or from
[-ED;
Any paper serving as a voucher.
(-paVshi-),
v. i.
Ex-PA/TI-ATE
Old Testament.
\V\
WllijJI
;

Ex'hi-bi'tion (-bish'un),
of
ft.,

E,

exhibiting
I,

1.

Act

manifestation.

2.

n.

x'o-GEN,
eo>,

n.
outside,

-ING.]

fGr.

and

Exogen

6,u, Y,long; A,,l, 6, 0, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

-atum,

WHAT; ERE,

[Lat. expatiari, exspatiari,

ex, out, and spatiari, t

fr.

VEIL, XBIj PIQUE, FIRM; s6n

EXPATIATION

EXPONENT

155

particles; to exhale.
v. i.
1. To
To wander without Ex'PE-dI'TIOUS (-d!sb/us), a. Charemit the last breath to die. 2. To
acterized by expedition.
restraint. 2. To enlarge in discourse
an
to
perish.
cometo
end
expatiating.
quick.
[of
speedy;
ready
Syn.
writing.
Prompt;
or
EX-PA/TI-A'TION (-shi-a7 -), . Act Ex'pe-dI'tioOs-LY (-dlsh'us-), adv. EX-PLAIN', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
explanare ; ex, out of, from, and plaEX-PA'TRI-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
With dispatch.
nare, to make level or plain.] To make
[Lat. ex, out, and patria, (sc. terra,) Ex-pel', v. t.
[-led; -ling, 136.]
plain,
manifest, or intelligible.
banish;
reTo
fatherland.]
one's
[Lat. expeUere, fr. ex, out of, from,
Syn. To expound; interpret; eluclflexively, to remove from one's naand pellere, to drive.] 1. To drive out
date.
tive country.
to eject.
2. To banish.
EX'PLA-NA'TION, n. 1. Act of exEx-PA'tri-a'tion, n. A banishing
EX-PEND', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
plaining.
2. That which explains.
state of banishment; exile.
expendere, to weigh out, pay out.]
3. Meaning attributed to any thing.
Ex-PET', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
To employ in any way to consume
4. A mutual exposition of meaning or
out
for,
look
expectare, exspectare, to
by use to waste.
motives
to await. Ex-pen d'i-ture
to expect.] 1. To wait for
1. Act of
(53), n.
Syx. Explication exposition interto anticipate.
2. To look forward to
expending disbursement. 2. That
pretation; illustration; recital. See Defbelieve. Expect
8th. To think
which is expended.
inition.
To
use
it
the
future.
relates
to
always
Ex PENSE'(155),- 1 Act of expend- Ex-plan'a-to-ry (50), a. Serving to
for think or believe, with reference to the

walk about.]

1.

'

p--,t and present, as, " I expect the mail

has arrived," " I expect he is at home," is
it blunder (very common in this country) which should be studiously avoided.

2. That
w explain containing explanation.
which is expended.
EX'PLE-TIVE, a. [Lat. expletivus.]
Ex-pen'sive, a. 1. Occasioning exhence, superfluous.
Filling up
n.
pense costly. 2. Very liberal lavA word or syllable not necessary to

ing; disbursement; outlay.

Ex-PET'ANCE, )n. 1. At or state

ish,
[expense.
[fluous.
w the sense.
EX-pegt'an-CY, | of expecting; ex- Ex-pen'sive-ly, adv.
With great Ex'ple-to-ry, a. Expletive; superpectation 2. That which is expected. Ex-pe'ri-ence (89), 7i. [Lat. expe- Ex'pli-A-ble, a. Capable of being
Ex-PET'ant, a. Waiting looking
rientia, fr. experiri, to try.] 1. Pracw explicated.
tical personal acquaintance with any EX'PLI-ATE, V.
for in medicine, waiting for the eft.
[-ED; -ING.]
n. One who waits
forts of nature.
matter. 2. Instruction and enlight[Lat. explieare, -catum, from ex, out
enment gained by repeated trials.
of, from, and plicare, to fold.]
Tc
w in expectation.
Ex'pec-ta'tion, n. 1. Act or state
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To make pracunfold the meaning of to explain.
;

State of being exis expected.

4. Ground of expecting.
Syx. Anticipation confidence; trust.

of expecting.
pected.

3.

2.

That which

tical acquaintance with.

x/pli-A'tion, n.
1. Act of exEx-PE'Ri-ENCD(-enst),r;.a. Taught
explanation.
2. Sensr
plaining;
by experience.
w given b}^ an expositor.

Ex-per'i-ment, n. A trial deliber- ExIpli-ca'tive,

a. Serving to un
practical test.
ately instituted
v. Ex'plt-ca'to-ry,
fold or explain
Ex-PET'er, n. One who expects.
i
[ -ED; -ing.]
To
test by trial.
explicitum, p. p.
[Lat.
Ex-PLlc'IT, a.
Ex-PE'to-rant, a. Tending to proof expiicare, to unfold.] 1. Distinctly
mote discharges from the lungs or Ex-PER'I-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertaining
to experiment. 2. Taught by, or destated; clear. 2. Having no disguised
throat.
n.
A medicine which prorived from, experience.
meaning or reservation.
motes expectoration.
EX-PER'I-MENT'AL-IST,
ii.
One who
Syx. Express. Express is stronger
EX-PE'TO-RATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]

[Lat. expextorare, -ratum. fr. ex, out,

pectus, breast.] To discharge, as

experiments.

[periment.

than

explicit;

it

adds force to clearness.

An express promise or engagement is not

Ex-per'1-..ient'al-LY, adv. By exonly unambiguous, but stands out {exEx-per'I-mEnt'er, n.
One who
pressed) in bold relief, with the most
makes experiments.
binding hold on the conscience.
Ex-prt' (14), a. [Lat. experiri, ex- Ex-PLIC'IT-LY, adv.
Plainly
expertus. See Experience.] Taught
[expectoration.
pectorated. _
[explicit.
pressly,
by use or experience having a facil- Ex-PLIC'IT-NESS, n. Quality of being
Ex-PEe'TO-RA'TIVE, n. Promoting
ity from practice.
Ex-P'DI-ENCE, { n.
1.
State or
EX-PLODE', v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
Syx. Adroit
dexterous skillful.
quality of being
Ex-PE'DI-EN-CY,
explodere, fr. ex, out of, from, and
2. Selfexpedient; desirableness.
Ex'PERT, or Ex-PERT', n. A skillful
plaudere, plod ere, to clap, to burst
interest self-seeking.
or practiced person.
with noise.] To burst with a loud
[ner.
Ex-PE'DI-ENT, a. [Lat. expedire, ex- Ex-PERT'LY, adv. In a skillful manv. t. 1. To
report; to detonate.
pedient. See Expedite.] 1. Hast- Ex'pert'ness, n. Skill derived from
cause to explode. 2. To bring into
and

phlegm, by coughing and spitting.

Ex-PEO'TO-RA'TION, n. 1. Act of
expectoratiug. 2. That which is ex-

ening forward hence, proper under

2.
advisable.
the circumstances

Ex'pi-a.-ble,

Tending to

x'PI-ATE,

or selfish
Suitable means to accomplish an end. 2. Means employed
in an exigency.
Shift; contrivance; resort; reStx.

ends. n.

self-interest,

1.

source.

Expe'di-ent-ly, adv.
x'PE-DlTE,r.

Suitablv.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

caught

t.

expedire, -ditum, to free one

in a snare

by the

feet.]

1.

To

relieve

of impediments to quicken. 2. To
dispatch; to issue 'officially.
a.
:

^ Free ofimpediment

expeditious.
Ex'PE-DlTE-LY, adn.
With expedition
readily
speedilv.
w
Ex'PE-Di'TION (-dlsh'un), . 1. Efficient promptness
haste speed. 2.
An important enterprise or attempt
at some distance also, the persons
engaged in it.
;

t>R,

DO,

wolf .TOO, TOOK;

m practice.

[piated.

disrepute.

Capable of being ex- Ex-PLOIT', n.

[Fr., fr. Lat. explici[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
tum, fr. expiicare, to unfold, display.]
ex, out of, from, w An heroic act
a feat.
and pi are, to seek to appease.] To Ex'PLO-RA/TION,?!. Act of exploring.
Ex'PLO RA'TOR. >t. One who explores.
^ make_ reparation for; to atone for.
EX'PI-A'TION, ii. 1. Act of expiating
Ex-Pl5r'a-to-RY, a. Serving to exMeans by whicft
atonement.
2.
plore^
atonement is made.
EX-PLORE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
Ex'pi-a-to-ry (50), a. Having power
explorare from ex aud plorare to cry
To search through to exout.]
^ to make expiation.
x'Pl-RA'TION, n. 1. Act of breathing
amine thoroughly.
out air. 2. Last emission of breath
Ex-plor'er, n. One who explores.
death. 3. Cessation
termination. 4. Ex-PLO'gTON. n. 1. Act of exploding.
Ma tter breathed forth exhalation.
2. Detonating, or suddenly shatterv.

a.

t.

expiare, -atum,

fr.

Ex-pi'ra-to-ry

Pertaining
(89), a.
to, or employed in, the expiration of
breath.
Ex-pire', v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.
expirare, exspirare ; ex, out of, from,
and spirare, to breathe.]
1. To
breathe out. 2. To emit in minute

URN,RTJE, PULL; ,

I,

o, silent; C.G,sq/i!;

ing. 3. Violent manifestation of passionate feeling.

a. Causing explosica.
EX-PO'NENT, .
[Lat. exponerc, ex~
ponens, to put out, to set forth, to
expose.] 1. [Alg.) A number, or letter, on the right hand of and above

Ex-PLO's'lVE,

,G, hard; As; EXIST;

jasN&; this

EXPONENTIAL
a quantity, and denoting how

EXTINCTION

156
many

times the latter is repeated as a fac2. An index or representative.

Pertaining to
fix'PO-NEN'TlAL, a.
exponents.
Ex-port', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
tor.

exportare, from ex, out of, from and

To carry from a
portare, to carry.]
state or country to other nations.

regular <nd quick conveyance

packages, &c.

Ex-press'age

(45), n.

for

Capable of being

a.

expressed.

Ex-pres'sion

EX'POR-ta'TION, n. Act of exportEx-PORT'ER, . One who exports.

[Lat.
Ex-pose', v. t. [-ED -ing.]

(-presh'un), n. 1. Act
2.
of expressing.
Utterance.
3.
Lively or vivid representation of
meaning, feeling, &c. 4. Look or
appearance, as indicative of thought
or feeling. 5. A mode of speech.
Ex-press'iVE, a. 1. Serving to express; indicative. 2. Full of expression significant.
pressive manner.
Ex-press'ive-ly, adv.
In an exEx-press'ly, adv.
In an express

exponere, -posilum ; ex, out of, from,

1. To place
and ponere, to place.]
3.
so as to be seen. 2. To explain.
To deprive of cover or protection. 4.
To deprive of concealment.

manner; indirect terms; plainly.

Ex-PUGN' (-pun^, v. t. [Lat. expugnare.] To take by assault,
[pugns.
Ex-PUGN'ER(-pun'-), n. One who exEx-PUE'SION, n. [Lat. expulsio, from

Gx'PORT,

n.

Act of exporting
That which is ex-

1.

exportation.
ported.

2.

Ex-port'a-ble

a.

Capable of being

w exported^

[ing.

EXPOSE

(eks'po'zft'), n.
[Fr.]
recital, or exposi-

formal statement,

1. Act of expelling.
2.
State of being expelled.
a.
Serving to expel.
Ex-PUNGE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
expuiigere, from ex, out of, from, and
pungere, to puncture.] 1. To blot
out, as with a pen.
2. To wipe out
or destroy.

expellere.}

Ex-pDl's'ive,

tion.

Sx'PO-sl'TlON
of exposing

(-zish'un), n.

Act

1.

hence, a public exhibi-

Act of expounding; explanation interpretation hence, a

2.

tion.

work containing explanations.

Ex-Pos'l-TIVE a. Serving to expose

Extem-

(44), a.

poraneous.

Charge for car-

ry ing a parcel by express.

Ex-press'i-ble,

Ex-TEM'PO-RA-RY

Ex-tem>po-re,

adv.
[Lat., fr. ex,
out of, from, and tempus, time.]
Without preparation suddenly.
Ex-tem'po-re, a. Without previous
study extemporaneous.
EX-TEM'PO-RIZE, V. i. [-ED -ING.]
To speak extempore, or without prep;

aration,

[temporizes.
Ex-tem'po-riz'er, n. One who exEX-TEND', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
;

extend ere, from ex, out

of,

from, and

tendere, to stretch.] 1. To prolong,

as a line to protract. 2. To enlarge,
as a surface or volume
to expand.
3. To continue, as time.
4. To hold
out or reach forth.
5. To bestow
on to offer.
v. i.
To stretch to
reach.
[extended.
Ex-tend'i-ble, a. Capable of being
Ex-ten'si-bIl'i-ty, n. Capacity of
being extended.
(extended.
Ex-ten'si-bee, a. Capable of being
Ex-ten'SION, n.
1. Act of extending; a stretching. 2. State of being
;

3. That property of a
body by which it occupies a portion
of space. 4. A written grant to a
debtor of further time to pay a debt.
Ex-TEN'sfVE, a. Having wide extent;

extended.

Syx. To efface; erase; obliterate;

cancel.
expanded broad wide.
or explain explanatory.
Ex-pOr'gate Ex-ten'sive-ly, adv.
Ex-Pog'l-TOR, n. One who, or that Ex'pur-gate, or
To a great
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. ex(117), v. t.
extent widely.
which, expounds an interpreter.
purgate, -gatum, fr. ex, out of, from, Ex-tent', n.
Ex-p6s_'I-TO-RY (50), a.
Belonging
1. Superficies
bulk
and purgare, to cleanse.] To purify
size
length. 2. A levy of an executo an expositor, or to exposition exfrom any thing noxious, offensive, or
tion uponreal estate. [Amer.]
planatory illustrative.
[ing. EX-TEN'U-ATE, v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
Ex post FA'TO. [Lat.] (Law.) w erroneous to cleanse.
Ex'pur-ga'tion,/*. Act of expurgat[Lat. extenuate, -atvm, fr. ex, out of,
Done after another thing.
EX'PUR-GA'TOR,
or
EX-PUR'GA-TOR,
from, and tenvare, to make thin.] 1.
Ex post facto law, a law which ope,

rates retrospectively.

EX-POST'U-LATE,

V.

[-ED

I.

-ING.J

[Lat. expostulare, -latum, fr. ex, out

of, from, and postulate, to ask, require.] To reason earnestly with on

some impropriety of conduct.

Ex-POST'U-LA/TION, n. Act of expostulating

remonstrance.

JSx-post'u-la-to-ry

n. One who expurgates.

Ex-PUR'GA-TO-RY. a. Serving
rify

to

pu-

from any thing noxious or

er-

roneous.

ating; palliation.

Ex'QUl-giTE

(eks'kwT-zit), a. - [Lat.
exquirere, exquisitum, fr. ex, out of,
from, and quscrere, to seek.] 1. Carefully selected
hence, of surpassing
excellence.
2. Exceeding
extreme.
3. Not easy to satisfy.
:

(50), a.

Con-

taining expostulation.
1. Act of exposing.
n.
of being exposed. 3. Position as to points of compass, or influences of climate, &c.
EX-POUND',t\*. [-ed; -ING.] [0. Fr.
expondre. See EXPOSE.] To explain;
to interpret.
Ex-pound'er, n. One who expounds.
Ex-press', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
exprimere, exprrssum fr. ex, out of,

Syn.

.Ex-POS'URE,
2. State

from, and premere, to press.] 1. To

press or squeeze out. 2. To represent
and exhibit by a look or gesture, or
by language.
3. To make known
one's opinions or feelings. 4. To denote to designate. 5. To send by
express messenger.

Nice;

One

exact:

delicate;

consummate;

curate; refined:

n.

ac-

perfect.

over-nice in dress

a fop
[manner.

a dandy.

EX'QUI-siTE-LY, adv. In an exquisite

Ex-SI'ANT (117), a.
Having the
quality of drying up.
medicine.

n.

drying

[-ed

t.

(117),
[Lat. exsiccare.

-ING.]

-catum, fr. ex, out of. from, and sic^ care, to make dry.] To dry.
Ex'sie-eA'TiON ,'n. Act or operation
of drying.
[dry.

Ex-sTc'c /\-t'i've

Ex-SU'tion,

a.

Tending to make
[Lat. exsugere,

n.

e.x-

Syn. To

declare; utter; signify; in-

timate.
a. 1. Closely

plain.
speed.

3.

resembling. 2 Clear

Dispatched with special

Explicit; open unambiguous.

See Explicit.

n. A special messenger hence, a

Syiv.

A, ,

I,

6, V, f, long; &,

^1

6,

tj,

Act of suck-

suctum, to suck out.]

ing out.

a.
[Lat. extans, extantis,
p. pr. of extare or exstare, to stand
forth.] Continuing to exist in being.
EX-TEM'PO-RA'NE-ofJS, a.
[Lat. ex
;

tempore.]
Proceeding from the impulse of the moment
unpremeditated off-hand.

$, short;

[tenuates.
n.
One who exa. [Lat., compar. of

extents, on the outside, outward.] 1.

2. Extrinsic. 3. Relating
to foreign nations; foreign.
n. 1.
Outward surface or part of a thing.

External.

External deportment, form, or

ceremony.
V. t. [-ED
-ING.]
[Lat. exterminate, -natum, from ex,
out of, from, and terminus, boundary.] 1. To drive lrom within the
limits of. 2. To put an end to the
2.

EX-TR'MI-NATE,

to eradicate.

Ex-tEr'mi-na tion,

n. 1. Act of exterminating
eradication
extirpa2. Elimination,
[terminates.
tion.
;

Ex-tEr'MI-na'tor, n. One who exEx-tr'nal, a. [Lat. externus, from

exterus. on the outside.] L
exterior.
2. Foreign
rew lating to foreign nations.
Ex'ter-nAL'i-ty, n.
Existence it*
space exteriority.
exter,

Outward

EX'TANT,

Ex-ten'u-a'tor,
Ex-te'ri-or (89),

power of

x'sre-ATE, or Ex-sIc'cate
v.

To make thin, lean, or slender. 2.

To lessen 2 to palliate as a crime.
Ex-TEN'U-A'TION, n. Act of extenu-

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

Ex-TER'NAE-LY, adv. Outwardly.

Ex-TER'NALg, n.pl. Whatever things
are external

Ex-tinct',

outward

a.

Extinguished

[See
;

parts.

Extinguish.] 1.
2. Ended

quenched-

terminated.

Ex-TfN'TlON,

n.

1.

Act of extin-

ERE, VIL, TttM; PIQUE, EIRM SON.

;

EXTINGUISH
guishing.
guished.

Ex-tin'guish,

[-ed; -ing.]
exstinguere, from

v.

i.

extinguere,

[Lat.
ex, out of, from,

and

stinguere, to

quench. 1. To smother to quench.

to destroy.
2. To put an end to
3.
To obscure by superior splendor.
Ex-tin'guish-A-ble, a. Capable of
J

being extinguished.

Ex-tin'GUIsh-ek,
tinguishes.

n.

1.

A utensil

2.

One who
to

ex-

put out a

light.

Ex-tIn'guish-ment,

guishes

n. Act of extinextinction; destruction.

EX'TIR-PATE,

or

EX-TlR'PATE

(117),

t.
[-ED -ING.] (Lat. extirpare,
-patum, from ex, out of, from, and

v.

To pull
stirps, stock, stem.]
the roots to destroy totally.

up by

Ex'TIR-pa'tion,
w ^ng

EX'TIR-PA'TOR, or EX-TIR'PA-TOR,
n. One who extirpates.
[-led; -LING, 136.]
Ex-TOL', v. t.
[Lat. extollere, from ex, out of, from,
and tollere, to lift, raise.] To elevate
by praise to eulogize to magnify.
;

Syn.

mend

To

applaud ;
praise
celebrate ; laud ; glorify.

comSee

Celebrate.

Ex-TORT',

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

extorquere -tort urn, from ex, out of,
torquere,
to turn about.]
from, and
To wrest from by physical or other
v.

t.

means

to exact.

v. i.

To

Illegal

n.

exaction

rapacity.

Ex-t6r'tion-a-ry
Ex-t6r'tion-ate,

Pertaining
to, or charac-

terized bv, extortion.

n. One who practices extortion.
Ex'tra, n. Something in addition
commonly in the pi.
a.
[Lat.
extra, beyond or outside of.]
Over

Ex-tor'tion-er,

uncommon.

draw out. 2. To remove forcibly. 3.

To withdraw by distillation, &c. 4.
To take by selection.
EX'TRACT, n. 1. That which is extracted, as a passage from a book. 2.
Any thing drawn from a substance
by distillation, or other process.
Ex-trac'tion, n. 1. A drawing out.
2.

Lineage

birth

Ex-tryT'Ive,
ing

a.

extracted.

descent.

(egz-yu/ber-ant),

a.

[Lat. exuberans, p. pr. of exuberare.]

Ex-TRXv'A-GANT,a.

tion corrosion.
and
Wandering Ex-lJLT' (egz-Glt/),

[Lat. extra

vagans, wandering.] 1.
beyond bounds. 2. Wild excessive
Profuse in exunrestrained.
3.
prodigal.

v. i. [-ED
-ING.]
[Lat. exultare, exsuitare ,intens.form
of exsilire, to spring out or up.]
To
leap for joy to rejoice in triumph.
Ex-i'ilt'ant, a.
Inclined to exult;
;

Ex-trav'a-gan'za,

n.

musical

triumphant.

composition, characterized by its

Ex'UL-ta'tion, n. Act of exulting
wild irregularity.
rapturous delight.
[manner
EX-TRXv'A-SATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. extra and vas, vessel.]
To let Ex-ult'ing-ly, adv. In an exulting
:

out of the proper

vessels, as blood.

Ex-trav'a-sa'tion,

n.

The

act of

forcing or letting out of its proper

vessels, as blood.
Ex-treme', a. [Lat. extremus, superl.
of exter, exterus, on the outside.] 1.
2. Last
final
Utmost furthest.
conclusive. 3. Worst or best greathighest.
1. Utmost point
est
n.
2. Utmost
of a thing extremity.
hence, great neceslimit or degree
often in the plural.
sity
In the utmost
Ex-treme'ly, adv.
degree to the utmost point.
Ex-trem'ist, n. One who holds extreme opinions.
;

Ex-trem'i-ty,

n.
1. Utmost limit.
3. Greatest need
2. Highest degree.

shells, or coverings of animals.

Verge;

border; extreme; end;

Ex'tri-oa-ble,

Capable of being

a.

(Geol.) Organic remains.

Ey'as

(I'as), n.

[Fr. niais, fresh fror/*

A young hawk.

the nest.]

Eye

(I), n.
[A.-S. eage, allied to Skr.
akshi, Gr. okos, 6/ckos, Lat. oculus.}
1. Organ of sight.
2. Power of see
ing range or delicacy of vision. 3
opinion
Sight view
estimate. 4
Observation watch inspection. 5.
That which resembles the organ of
sight, in form, position, or appear
[-ED
-ING.] To fix
ance.
v. i.
the eye on to observe.
[eye.
Eye'ball, n. Ball or globe of the
Eye 'brow, n. Hairy arch above the
;

[sight.

eye.

or peril.

Syn.

Ex-u'vi-^:, n. pi. [Lat., from exuere,

to draw out or off.]
1. Cast skins,

Eye'GLASS, n. A glass to assist the

Eye'lash, n. Hair on the edge of the
eyelid.

EYE'LET,

n.
[Fr. ceillet, dim. of ceil,
A small hole for a lace or cord,
garments, &c.
Eye 'lid, n. Cover of the eye.
from, and tricee,
A servant who
tions.]
1. To free from difficulties or Eye '-SERVANT, n.
attends to his duty only when
perplexities.
2. To cause to be
watched.
.[ing^ emitted._
EX'TRI-CA'TION, n. Act ofextricat- Eye'sight (I'slt), n. 1. Sight of the
2. Power
eye view observation.
Ex-trIn'SIO,
[Lat. extrinsea.
[to the sight.
of seeing.
Ex-TRiN'sre-AL, {
cus.]
External;

extricated.

EX'TRI-ATE,

[-ED
V. t.
[Lat. extricare, -catum, fr. ex,
;

-ING.]

out of,
hindrances, vexa-

eye.]
as in

Eye'-sore, n. Something offensive

outward unessential.
Ex-TRlN'si-AL-LY, adv.
In an ex- EYE '-STONE, n. A small, calcareous
stone used for taking substances from
trinsic manner; externally.
between the lid and ball of the eye.
Ex-TRUDE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
extruder e, from ex, out of, from, and Eye'-TOOTH, n. A pointed tooth in
the upper jaw next to the grinders.
trudere, to thrust.]
1. To thrust
Eye'-wa'ter, n. A lotion for the
out to expel. 2. To drive away.
eyes.
[^hing done.
Ex-TRU'siON, n.
Act of thrusting
Eye'-wTt/ness, n. One who sees a
out "expulsion.
;

Capable of beTending to ex-

1.

2.

ried to excess.

Ex-fJ'BER-ANT

termination.

v. t. [-ED
-ING.] [Lat.
extrahere, extractum, from ex, out of,
from, and trahere, to draw.] 1. To

a.

abundance is overflowing
be desired
plenty
exuberance is abundance car-

Over-abundant; superfluous.
1. Out of the common order or Ex-U'BER-ANT-LY, adv. Abundantly.
EX'U-DA'TION,
n. 1. Act of exuding
uncom2. Remarkable
method.
2. Substance exuded.
mon rare. 3. Sent for an unusual
v.
t. [-ED; -ING.]
Ex-UDE',
[Lat. exor special object.
udate, exsudare, to come out or disEX-TRAV'A-GANCE, ) . 1. A wansweating.]
charge
by
To
discharge
Ex-TRAV'A-GAN-CY, { dering beyond
through pores, as moisture, &c.
proper limits.
2. State of being exbeyond Ex-Ol'cer-a'TION, n. [Lat. exulcetravagant,
or
prodigal
ratio, from exulcerare, to make sore.]
bounds.
1. Act of causing ulcers
process of
irregularity; exSyn. Wildness
becoming ulcerous.
2. Exacerbacess; prodigality; profusion; waste.

Ex-tor'tion,

and above
EX-TRAT',

or
Ex-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY
eks'tra-or'-), a. [Lat. extraordinariordinarius.]
extra,
ly, from Lat.
and
(eks-tror'-

practice

extortion.

oppression

the ordinary method.

penses

total destruction.

Ex-traor'di-na-ri-ly (-tror'- or
In a manner out of
-tra-or'-), adv.

Act of extirpat-

n.

EYRiE

157

State of being extin-

2.

tract.

Ex'tra-di'tion

(-dtsb/un), n.
[Lat.
ex, out of, from, and traditio, a delivering up.] Delivery, by one government to another, of fugitives from
justice.
Ex'TRA-JU-DfciAL (-dish'al), a. Out
of the ordinary course of legal procedure,
[yond the walls.
Ex'Tn-A-MU'RAL, a.
Without or beEx-TRA'NE-oOs, a.
[Lat. extraneus,
fr. Lat. extra, on the outside.]
Not
dependent not essential ; foreign.
;

6r, do,

wolf too,ioo^j
5

Ex-tu'ber-ance, \ n. A swelling a EYRE (ar), n. [0. Fr. erre, journey,

errer, to ti-avel, march.]
1. A jourEx-TU'BER-AN-CY,
protuberance.
ney or circuit. 2. A court of itinerEx-U'ber-ance (egz-yu/),
n. State
ant justices.
Ex-U'BER-AN-CY (egz-yi}'),
of being
exuberant superfluous abundance. Ey'RIE (a'r^), n. [See AERIE.] The
place where birds of prey
Syn. Plenty
abundance. Plenty Ey'RY
;

)
)

is

a plenum or fullness of

all

that could

construct their nests.

fjsrijRUE.PVLL; ,r, o,silent; c,G,so/i; e, 5, hard; Agj Exis^r; N as

ng

this.

;,

FAINT

158

F.
the sixth letter of the English
F(ef
alphabet. See Prin. ofPron. 71.
),

Fa.

syllable applied to the fourth

tone of the gamut.

Fa'BLE,

[hat. fabula, fr. fari, to

tale intended

n.

A fictitious

speak.] 1.
to enforce

some useful truth an

2. Plot of an epic or dra;

apologue.

matic poem. 3. Fiction falsehood.

[-ED; -ING.] To feign; to
v. i.
To
v. t.
write or speak fiction.

[fabulist.
to invent.
Fa'bler, n.
writer of fables; a
FXb'ri'c, to. [Lat. fabri.ca, fr.faber, a
worker in hard materials.] 1. Struct-

feign

any thing workmanship

2. That which is fabricatAct or purpose of building.
FXb'RI-CATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. fabricare, -catus.] 1. To frame
ure of

texture.

ed.

8.

to construct

to build. 2. To manuto devise falsely.

1. Act o'f fabri-

acture. 3. To forge
FXb'ri-ca'tion, n.

cating

construction

That which

2.

is

manufacture.

FXe'ri-ca'tor,

FXb'U-lous,
fable

a.

[writes fables.

who invents or
Feigned, as a story or

fictitious.

Fa FADE

(fa-sM' or fa-sad'), n. [Fr.

fr. face, face.]
Front view or elevation of an edifice.
Face, n. [Lat. fades, make, shape,
face, fr. facere, to make.] 1. Exterior
form of any thing; esp., the front
part or surface. 2. Bounding plane
of a solid. 3. (Mach.) Principal flat
surface of a part.
4. Outside appearance look. 5. Visage countenance.
6. Cast of features
look
;

Boldness

7.

To make
of.

v.

FXc'ET,

or smooth the surface

To turn the face.

flat

i.

[Yr.facette, dim. of face.]

little face
a small surface.
FA-fE'T'i-JE (fa-sc/shi-),n. pi. [Lat.,
from facetus, witty.] Witty writings
or s_ayings witticisms.
Fa-ce'tious, a. 1. Given to wit and
good humor merry
2.
sportive.
Characterized by pleasantry.
Fa-ce'tious-ly, adv. In a facetious
to.

manner.
Fa'cial,

a.

fades, face.]

[L. Lat. facialis, from

Pertaining to the face.
[Lat. facids, fr. facere,

FXc'lLE, a.
to make, do.]
1. Easy to' be done.
2. Easy to be surmounted or removed. 3. Easy of access affable.
;

^laonj persuaded
4.
;. Easily
[jciouaucu

e,

[-ED;

I.

-ING.]
[tating.

Advantage

5.

assistance.

Expertness readiness. Facility supposes a- natural or acquired

power of dispatching a task with lightness and dexterity. Expertness is facility acquired by long-continued practice.
Iteadiness marks the promptitude with
which any thing is done. A merchant
needs great facility in dispatching business; a banker, great expertness in casting accounts; both need great readiness
in passing from one employment to another.
Fa'cing, to.
A covering in front for
ornament or other purposes.
SYtf.

FXc-siM/I-le (147), n. [An abbrev.

of Lat. factum simile made like.] An
,

exact copy or likeness, as of handwriting.

factum, fr. facere, to

thing done an act an
Reality; truth.
Syn. Deed; performance; occurrence;
circumstance
See Circumstance.
n.

[Lat.

I.

2.

FXc'TION,

[Lat. fact io, fr. facere,

n.
party acting from
to make or do.]
selfish motives
a clique.
Cabal junto. See Cabal.
Syn.
FXCtion-ist, . One who promotes
faction.
FXc'tioOs, a.
1. Given to faction.

2.

Pertaining to, or proceeding from,

faction.

FXc'TloOs-LY, adv.
In a factious
manner.
[factious.
FX'tious-NESS, n.
State of being
Fac-ti'tious (fak-tlsh'us), a. [Lat.
factitius, fr. facere, to make.]
by art artificial.

Made

effrontery.
8.
Presence sight front.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] 1. To meet in front; to oppose with firmness. 2. To stand opposite to. 3. To confront. 4. (Mach.)

air.

affability.

do.]

structs or makes.
FXb'u-h'st, n. One

V.

easy.

use; dexterity. 3. Easiness to be

persuaded.
4. Easiness of access

event.

One who con-

n.

To make

1, 6, u, y, long,-

,
;

pliant
iiuauu

;
,

flexible
ucaiuib.

or

2. Privilege

or license. c.
of a profession or calling

gift.

Members

Fa-cil/i-ta'TION, n.
Act of facili4. Professors and tutors in a college.
Fa-cil'i-ty, n. 1. Ease of performance.
Syn. Talent; dexterity; adroitness.
2. Readiness proceeding from skill or FXd'dle, v. i.
[Cf. Fiddle.]
To

FXCT,

fabricated

See Fiction.

Syn.

Fa-cYl'i-tate,

Syn.

Unnatural. A thing

is

unnat-

ural when it departs in any way from

its simple or normal state; it is factitious
when it is wrought out or wrought up
by labor and effort, as, a factitious excitement. There is much that is unnatural in Europe, but far more that is factitious in

Factor,

America.

|FX'TO-RY,

to.

tors reside.

2.

1.

House where

Body

of factors.

fac3.

Building for the manufacture of

goods manufactory.
(147), n. [Lat., do every
thing. ] A person employ ed to do all
kinds cf work.
FX'ul-ty, to.
[Lat. facultas, from
facere, to make.] 1. Ability to act
endowment
or perform
oi
periorm intellectual
luujiieciuiii ejiuuwuieui;
;

Fac-TO'tum

X,:i,I,o ; u. x",sAo^;

;
,

to toy.

v.

[-ed

i.

-ing.]

[Prov. D.

1. To wither, as a plant.
To lose freshness or color. 3. To
^ink away to grow dim.
Fade-less, a. Not liable to fade;

vadden.]

2.

unfading.

FXdge

[-ed; -ing.] [A.i.

tc join, fit togethclose, as parts of things

(iaj), v.

S.fegan, gefegan,

To come

er.]

united.

FJE'fES,
crement

FXg,

pi. [Lat. pi. offset.] Exalso, settlings

sediment.

to.
;

A school-boy who

is obliged
to do menial services for another boy
of a higher form or class in English
schools.
v.i.
[Cf. A.-S.fzege, dying, weak, timid.] 1. To act as a
to.

to drudge. 2. To become weary.

v.t. [-ged; -ging,136.] 1. To
compel to drudge. 2. To tire by labor.

fag

to.
1. An end of poorer
quality, or in a spoiled condition. 2.
Meaner part of any thing.
FXg'ot, to. [Fr., augm. of Lai. fax,
fads, torch, orig., a bundle of sticks.]
1. A bundle of sticks for fuel, &c. 2.
bundle of pieces of iron or of steel
[-ED -ING.] To
in bars. v. t.
jnake a fagot of to bundle together.
FAlL,r.r. [-ED;-ING.] [From Lat.
1. To be wantfallere, to deceive.]
ing to fall short. 2. To be affected
with want. 3. To decline to decay.
4. To fall off in respect to vigor, resources, &c. 5. To become extinct
6. To miss.
to perish; to die.
7.
To be baffled or frustrated. 8. To
v.
become bankrupt or insolvent.
t.
To be wanting to to disappoint.
n. Failure deficiency want.
Fail'ing, to. Act of one who fails ;
imperfection.
Fault; foible.
A fault is posSyn.

FXg'-end,

itive,

mercantile agent,
who transacts business for others on
commission. 2. One of the quantities which, when multiplied together, form a product.
FXc'TOR-AGE, n. Allowance given
to a factor as a compensation.
1.

to.

trifle

Fade,

something

definite

and marked,

which impairs excellence a. failing is

negative, some weakness in a man's character, disposition, or habit a foible is a
less important weakness, which we overlook or smile at. A man may have many
failings, and yet commit but few faults;
or his faults and failings may be few,
while his foibles are obvious to all.
;

Fail'URE

(53\,

w.

1.

Cessation of

2. Omission;
supply
deficiency.
non-performance. 3. Decay, or de4. Bankruptcy.
fect from decay.
FAIN, a.
[A -S.fagen,fagen, glad.]
Disposed inclined especially y conadv. Gladly.
tent to accept.
;

Faint,

[0. Fr. faint, negligent,

sluggish, lazy, from Lat. Jingere, to
uataLackdevise, leigii.j
feign.]
1.
j..
contrive, ucvibc,
wuinve,
a.

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, term; pique, f'bm; s6n,

;
;

FAINT-HEARTED
Ing strength

Wanting

weak

Fal'chion

cowardly.

3.

family of raptorial birds especially,

one trained to the pursuit of game
a hawk.
;

Cowardly

a.

Faint'ly, adv.
Faint'ness, n.
feebleness

In a faint or feeble
State of being faint
dejection.

Faints, n. pi. Impure spirit which

comes over fir>t and last in the distillation of whiskey.
[-ER; -EST.] [A.-S.fdger.]
a.
1. Free from spots, dirt, or imperfec-

FAIR,

tion spotless pure. 2. Handsome

beautiful. 3. Of a light shade. 4.
Cloudless propitious favorable. 5.
;

Unincumbered open.
6.
Characterized by frankness, honesty, or im;

partiality.

Distinct

Inspiring confidence.

7.

legible.

9.

Moderate

middling.
adv.
Clearly openly
favorably.
frankly honestly
n.

1.

[manner.

timorous.

A handsome woman.

holidays, festivals, because

were generally held in holidays
and feasts.] A gathering of buyers
and sellers, with their merchandise
at a stated, regular, or appointed time.
Fair'ly, adv. In a fair manner
clearly distinctly frankly honestferise,

fairs

trains

game.

11.

applied in hoist-

Pertaining to

a.

fallacy ; fitted to deceive.

[Lat. fallacia, from
n.
1. Deceptive or
fallere, to deceive.]
deceitfulness.
2.
false appearance

Fal'LA-Y,

lies above his natural voice.

1.
FAL'SI-FI-CA'TION, n.
Act
"making false a counterfeiting.

Fal'ter,

v. i. [-ed -ING.] [0. Eng.

from fault.] 1. To fail ; tc
2. To tremhesitate, to stammer.
ble to totter. 3. To fail in distinctness or regularity of exercise.
Fame, n. [h&t. fama, ft. Gr. ^>t)fxC. I

Fa-quir'
cetic.^

(ia/keer'),
)

FXl'-ga-TED, ]
scythe.] Bent

OR, do,

religious

as-

Fal'cate,

[Lat. falcatus, fr.

falx, falcis, sickle,
like a sickle or scythe.

a.

WOLF, TOO TOOK \

,

say,

Public report or ru-

1.

tell.]

Renown

FA-MIL'IAR (-yar),

Many fallacies are obpose its fallacy.

vious, but the evil of sophistry lies in its

Unceremonious

mor.

celebrity.
credit; honor.

taining to a family domestic.

Closely acquainted or intimate.
;

free. 4. Well

well understood.

n.

1.

2.

3.

known

An

inti-

a close companion. 2. A demon supposed to attend at a call. 3.

One employed in the service of the

mate

Fa-mil-iXr'i-ty

State

(-y3i i-tf), n.

of being familiar

fresdom from

cer-

emony and

Fall'ing-siciCness, n. Epilepsy a
disease in which the patient suddenly loses his senses and falls down.
;

Fal'low,

a.
[A.-S. fealu, fealo, allied to Lat. pallidas, fulvus, and ftavus.]
1. Left un tilled or unsowed
after having been plowed.
2 Pale
n.
Land that
red or pale yellow.
has lain a year or more plowed with-

out being

a. [Lat. familiar is,

froml&t.familia, family.] 1. Per-

inquisition.

[From Lat. fallere,

Liable to deceive or be

a.

to deceive.]
deceived.

2.

Syn. Reputation;

FAL'LI-BLE,

ceive or to be deceived.

FalsiSY3N\ Falsehood lie deceit.

ty denotes the state or quality of being
Afalsehood is a false declaration
false.
designedly made.
A lie is a gross, unblushing falsehood.
It is a vulgar error
It is an
to speak of " telling a falsity."
equal error to say, " f perceive the falsehood of your declaration or statement."

deceptive argument.
Sophistry. A fallacy is an arSyn.
gument which professes to be decisive,
but in reality is not; sophistry is also false
reasoning, but of so specious and subtle a kind as to render it difficult to ex-

Full of faith; disposed to believe. 2. Firm in adherence to promises or other engagements.

3. Loyal; of true fidelity.
4. Conformable to truth. 5. Worthy
of belief.
[manner.
Faith'ful-ly, adv. In a faithful
Faith'ful-ness, n. Fidelity; truth
Royalty constancy.
Faith'eess, a. 1. Not believing esp.
not believing in God or religion.
2.
"Not true to allegiance, duty, or vows.
3. Serving to disappoint or deceive.
FAKE, n. [A.-S.faec, space, interval.]
A single turn or coil of a cable.
Fa'kir (fa'ker),
An Oriental
\ n.

falsifies.

[-ED; -ING, 142.]

"[L&t. falsifiicare , fr. Lat. falsus, false,

andfacere, to make.] 1. To counterfeit ; to forge. 2. To prove to be false.
3. To violate ; to break by falsehood.
v. i.
To tell lies.
1. Quality of being
Fa.ls'1-ty, n.
false ; contrariety to truth.
2.
false assertion.

1.

One who

Fals'i-fi'er, n.
FALS'I-FY, V. t.

a.

o.
2-

Confutation.

consummate art.
Dropped
belief. 4. Adherence to duty and ful- Fa.ll.en (fawln, 58), p. a.
degraded ruined.
descended
fillment of promises.
5. Promise
FXl'LI-BiL'I-ty, n. Liablenessto dej*iven.

Faith'ful,

2.

Fals-ette', n. [See False.] That

peculiar species of
Fals-et'TO, }
voice in a man, the compass of which

evidence of any kind, especially in

regard to important moral truth. 3.
That which is believed on any subject especially, a system of religious

assertion.
;

"faulter,

ing.

Fal-la'cious,

sume a human form.

FAITH, n. [L&t. fides, from Jidere, to
trust.]
1. Belief; reliance on testimony.
2. Firm belief, on probable

an untrue

of honesty or integrity perimposture.

3. Counterfeit
In a false manneu
False'ly, adv.
False'ness, n. Want of integrity.
fidy.

is

Want

Lapse from innocence

12. Part of a tackle to

apostasy.
which the power

"veracity

tumn.

ly; favorably.

for taking

(faw'kn-ry ), n. 1. Art of
training hawks. 2. Practice of taking game by means of hawks.
FALL, V. i. [imp. FELL \p. p. FALL"EN.j [A.-S.fi~ttan.] 1. To descend
from a higher position to a lower to
drop down. 2 To become prostrate..
to van3. To empty.
4. To perish
6. To be
ish.
5. To lose strength.
7.
To decline in
brought forth.
power, glory, value, or the like. 8.
To sink into vice, error, or sin. 9.
To become insnared. 10. To pass
into a new state to become. 11. To
happen. 12. To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, or otherwise.
2. Act of drop1. Descent.
n.
3.
ping from an erect posture.
Death destruction. 4. Degradation.
6.
A sinking of
5. Depreciation.
tone. 7. A slope. 8. A cascade a cataract. 9. Extent of descent. 10. Au-

FAir'ness, n.
State of being fair or
free from spots agreeableness clearness honesty candor distinctness.
FAIR'Y, n.
[Er. feerie, enchantment.
Late Lat. Fata, for Parca, one of the
goddesses of fate.]
An imaginary
supernatural being, supposed to as;

One who

(faw'kn-er), n.

hawks

Fal'ON-RY

[Lat.

2.

Fal'ON-er

[Late Lat./aZ-

(faw'kn), n.

from falx, sickle or scythe,

One of a
from its curving talous.]

disappear.

Eaint'-he art/ED,

ous
to

"co,

8.

curved point.

Fal'ON

dishonest
treacher
2. Fitted or likely
perfidious.
3 Not
deceive or disappoiut.
genuine or real counterfeit hypo4. Not well founded erro
critical.
neous.
False'hood, n. 1. Want of truth or

ing falsehood

[L. Lat.
(fawl'chun), n.
"falcio, from Lat. falx, a sickle.]
short, broad sword, with a slightly

Lacking
distinctness.
4. Done in a feeble
v. i. [-ED -ing.] 1. To
manner.
become weak to swoon. 2. To lose
courage or spirit.
3. To decay
to
timorous

FAMISH

159

languid.
2.
in courage, spirit or energy
;

sowed.

v.

t.

constraint.
Acquaintance; fellowship; inSyx.
timacy. See Acquaintance.
[-ED; -ING.]
FA-jMIL'IAR-TZE, V. t.
To make familiar; to habituate;
1.

to accustom.
practice.

To make easy by
[manner.

Fa-mil'iar-ly, adv.
In a familiar
FAM'I-LY,n. [Lat. familia, fr. famu-

[-ED
;

-ING.] To plow and harrow,

2.

as land,

lus, servant.] 1:

in the

Those living together

same house

A tribe

or race

a household. 2.
kindred. 3. Genealo;

without seeding.

gy; lineage. 4. Honorable descent.

Fal'low-Deer, n. [From its falloio
5. A group of kindred individuals,
or pale-yellow color.]
A species of
more comprehensive than a genus.
deer, smaller than the stag.
Fam'ine,m. [Lat. fames.] Scarcity
False, a. [-er; -est.] [Lat. falsus,
of food dearth destitution.
[-ed -ING.] 1. To
p.p. of fallere, to deceive.] 1. Utter- FAm'ish, v. t.

tiRN, RJJEj

PVLL

E,

I,

O, silent

, G, soft ; , S,

hard; A? J EXIST

5J

as

NG

THIS.


FAMISHMENT

FASCICLE

160

destroy with hunger. 2. To exhaust

the strength of by hunger. 3. To
kill by deprivation of any thing necessary.
v. i. 1. To die of hunger
to starve.
2. To be distressed with
^hunger.
want.
FXm'ish-ment, a. Pain of extreme
Fa'mous, n. Celebrated in fame or
public report.
Renowned illustrious. FaSyn.
mous is applied to a person or thing
widely spoken of as extraordinary re-

applied to those who are

again with honor ilhave dazzled the
world by the splendor of their deeds or

journed

;.

is

named again and

lustrious to those wh'i

Napoleon was famous;

Alexander was renowned ; Washington

their virtues.

was

Fan-dXn'GO,

[Sp.]

n.

ish dance.
[Lat.
n.

Fane,

lively

fanum,

fr.

Span-

fan,

Fare'well, a. Parting valedictorv

FAR'-FETCHD (liir'letcht), a. 1
;

Brought

to

temple; a church.
n. [Yi.janfaronnade, from fanfaron, a bully.] Vain
boasting ostentation
bluster.
speak.]

Fan-fAr'ON-ADE',

n.
[A.-S. Jang, a taking, seizing, grasp.] 1. Tusk of a boar or
other animal; a long pointed tooth.
3. Any shoot or
2. A claw or talon.

other thing by which hold

FXn'-lIght

(-lit),

of corn or starchy root.

FXr'i-na'ceoOs, a. 1. Consisting of,

or jielding, meal or flour. 2. Like
meal mealy.
Farm, n. [From Lat. firmus, firm,
;

because farms were at

inclosed with walls, or because
the leases were confirmed by signa
ture.]
1. A tract of land cultivated
by a tenant. 2. A landed estate. 3.
A lease. v. t. [-ed -ing.] 1. To
lease or let for an equivalent.
2. To
give up to another, us a business,
&c, for a percentage of what it
yields. 3. To cultivate, as a farm.
fast, either

A window re-

n.

first

resembling in form an open fan.

FXn'-palm (i&n'pam),
n. The talipot-tree, a
native of the East In-

It attains to the
height of 60 or 70 feet,
with a straight trunk
crowned by a tuft of
dies.

FA'MC-0s-LY,arfu. With great fame.

FAN,

[A.-S.

n.

fann,

to Lat.

allied

vannus, fan.l An instrument for producing artificial currents of air, by

the wafting or revolving motion of a
broad surface. v. t. [-NED; -NING,
2.
136.] 1. To move as with a fan.
To cool by moving the air with a
fan. 3. To ventilate. 4. To winnow.

Fa-nXt'ic,
)a. [See Fane.] PerFa-nXt'ic-AL,
taining to, or indi)

cating, fanaticism.
n. A person affected by excessive enthusiasm.

enormous

n.
One who farms; esp.,
an agriculturalist a husbandman.

leaves, when they first

appear, are folded together like a fan, and
afterward spread open.

Farm'ING,

gard to religion.

Syn.

See

position, not governed by the ordinary rules of musical design.

n.
Something not real.

FXn'taM,

2.
fancy.
liking for or interest in

who

hence, one

Full of fancy
whimsical.
2. Dictated by fancy
abounding in wild images.
Syn. Fantastical; visionary. Fanciful notions are the product of a heated
fancy, without any support in reason or
truth fantastical schemes or systems
a.

1.

are made up of oddly-assorted fancies,

often of the most whimsical kind ; visionary expectations are those which can
never be realized in fact.

FXn'CI-FUL-LY, adv.
In a fanciful
manner.
[being fanciful.
FXn'CI-FUL-NESS, n.
Quality of

FXn'^Y,

[Gr. <f>avTao-Ca,

n.

fr. <f>avrd-

make visible.] 1. Faculty by

which the mind forms an image or a
representation of any thing perceived
before power of readily and happily
creating and recalling such objects
geiv, to

for the purpose of amusement or embellishment. 2.

representation of
any thing formed in the mind ; conception. 3. Caprice whim impression.
4. Liking; hence, the object

of liking.
The fancy, those

who

exhibit some
special or peculiar taste or fancy, as for
sporting, boxing, and the like used
;

collectively.

v. i.
[-ED; -ING, 142.]
To figure to one's self; to imagine.
v. t.
1. To form a conception of; to imagine. 2. To have a liking for.
a.
Adapted to please the fancy or taste.

a,e, 1,0,

u,

Y,long

Syn.

n.
.

'

[From an Egyptian
(89), n.
king or Pharoah formerly on one of
the cards.] A game at cards, in which
a person plays against the bank, kept
by the proprietor of the table.

Irregular

4.

wild

capri

Far-rXG'I-NOUS, a. [From farrago.]

Formed of various materials mixed.
Far-Ra'go (118), n. [Lat., mixed
;

fodder, medley.] A mass composed

of
various
materials confusedly

mixed a medley.
FXr'ri-er, n.
[From Lat.
;

ferritin,

L. Lat. ferrar ins equorum, one

who shoes horses.] 1. A smith who
shoes horses. 2.
veterinary sur-

iron

See Fanciful.

A person given to fantastic

manners, &c. hence, a dandy.

dress,

keeps for sale.

FXn'CI-ful,

Indulging the vagaries of imagi-

nation.
cious.

Business of cultivating

FAR'O

Fan-palm.

Fan-ta'I-a (-ta/ze-a), n. [It. See

Fancy.] (Mus.) A continuous com-

3.

Enthusiasm.
1. One governed by
One who has a special

n.

n.

land.

Fa-nXt'ic-AL-LY, adv. In a fanatiSee Phantasm.

cal manner.
Fan-tXs'tic,
) a. 1. Existing only
Fa-nXt'1-CIsM, n. Wild and extrava- Fan-tXs'TI-AL, ]
in imagination.
gant enthusiasm, especially in re2. Having the natuie of a phantom.

FXn'CI-ER,

Farm'er,

The

leaves.

Forced

2.

strained.

taken.

is

far.

Fa-rj'na, or Fa-ri'nA, n.
[Lat.,
meal, flour.]
Flour of any species

FXng,

from

geon.

Fan-tXs'TIC-AL-ly, adv. In a fan- FXr'RI-er-y, n.

1. Art of shoeing
tastic manner.
horses.
2. Art of curing diseases of
horses and cattle.
FXn'ta-sy, n. Same as Fancy. [ Obs.]
FXR'ROW, n. [A.-S. fearh, pig.] A
Faquir' (i'a-keer'), n. See Fakir.
litter of pigs.
Far, a. [-ther
-thest.] A.-S.
v. t. & z.
[-ED

1.
feorr,feor, allied to Lat. porro.]
Distant
remote.
2.
Contrary to
design or wishes. 3. Alienated. 4.
More or most distant of the two.
adv. 1. To a great distance or time.
2. In great part or proportion.
3.
To a certain point, degree, or distance.
FARCE, n. [Lat. farsus, p. p. of farcire, to stuff.]
1. Stuffing, like that
2. A low
used in dressing a fowl.
style of comedy.
3. Ridiculous or
empty show.
Far'CI-CAL, a.
Belonging or appropriated to farce ludicrous ; decep;

tive.

FARE,

Jo bring forth, as pigs.

[Allied to 0. H. Ger. far, Jarro,
A.-S. fearr, bull, steer.]
Not producing youi g in a given season or
year
said only of cows.
-ING.]

a.

Far'-sight'ed

(-sit 7 -), a.
1. Seeing
to a great distance. 2. Incapable of
seeing near objects distinctly.
FAR'THER, a., cewpar. of far.
1.

More remote;

additional.

v.

i.

[-ED; -ing.]
;

[A.-S./a-

Fare 'well,

or Fare- well', n. 1
wish of happiness at parting
adieu. 2. Departure.

cAre, fXr, ask, all,

what

2.

Tend-

ing to a greater distance longer.

1. At or to a greater distance
more remotely beyond. 2.
Moreover.
;

adv

FAR'THEST,

a.

[svperl. of far.]

Most

distant or remote furthest.

adv.
At or to the greatest distance. See
:

ran.] 1. To go to pass to travel. 2.

To be in any state. 3. To be treated
or entertained.
4. To happen well
n.
or ill.
1. Price of passage by
land or water. 2. Experience. 3.
Food provisions for the table.
FARE-WELL,', interj. [Of fare, in the
imper. and well.} Go well good-by
adieu.

,!,6,u",Y,sAor;

Furthest.
Far'THING,

n.

[A.-S. feordhung,

feordha, fourth.]
penny.

fr.

The fourth of a

FAR'THIN-GALE,

n. [0. Eng. rardinfr. O. Fr. vertugade, prob. corrupt, from vtrtu-garde, i. e., virtueguard.]
A hoop petticoat.
FXs'CI-CLE n. [Lat. fasciculus, dim.
of fascis, bundle.] A close cluster
with the flowers much crowded together.
gale,

ere, veil, tSrimj p'Ique, firm; s6n,

FASCINATE
FAs\I-NATE,

V.

fascinare.]

1.

FEARFUL

161

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

To bewitch to en-

t.

Fa'tal-Ism,

Doctrine of fate, or
n.
jnevitable necessity.
Fa'TAL-Ist, n. One who maintains

To excite and allure irrecharm to enrapture.

that all things happen by inevitable
FXs'^I-NA'Tiox, n. 1. Act of fascinecessity.
nating enchantment witchcraft. 2. Fa-tXl'1-TY, n. 1. State of being fa2. State
That which fascinates a charm a
tal; invincible necessity.
chant.

2.

sistibly

to

spell.

j)f

Fas-cine'

(-seen'), n.

[Lat. fascina,

A bundle of
fascis, bundle.]
rods or of small sticks, used in raising
'

fr.

&c.

batteries,

;;

being productive of death.

FA'tal-ly, adv.

In a

Fa'TA Mor-ga'NA.

Fault,

n. [0. ~Ev.faulte,faltf. fr. Lat.

"faliere, to deceive.] 1. Want absence;
lack. 2. Any thing that is wanting,
or that impairs excellence.
3.
moral failing. 4.
displacement of
strata or veins at a fissure, so that
;

they are not continuous.

ing.)

manner.
[It., Fairy Morfatal

it being looked upon as her

work.] A remarkable phenomenon
jlepending on atmospheric refraction.

gana,

(Hunt-

5.

lost scent.

Syn. Error; blemish; defect; imperfection

vice.

weakness

blunder

FAULT'I-LY, adv.

failing

In a faulty man-

ner; blamably.
[faulty.
2?Xsh'ion (fash'un), n. [Lat. /actio,
State of being
a making.] 1. Make or form of any Fate, n. [Lat. fatmn, fr. fari, to FAULT'l-NESS, n.
Without
FauEt'less,
a.
fault
free
2.
Prevailspeak.]
necessity.
2.
pattern
model.
1.
Inevitable
thing
from blemish.
Final lot
destruction. 3.
death
ing mode or style, esp. of dress. 3.
Fault'less-ness,
Freedom
froxa
n.
way.
pi.
who
manner;
v.
(Myth.)
Three
goddesses,
Mode of action
faults or defects.
were supposed to determine the
t.
[-ED;-ING.] 1. To form. 2. To
Fault'y, a. 1. Containing faults or
course of human fife.
to accommodate.
fit: to adapt
"defects
imperfect. 2. Guilty of a
FXsh'ion-a-ble, a. 1. Conforming
Sy jr. Destiny; lot doom fortune;
;

2. Established by
current. 3. Observant of the fashion or customary
n.
mode. 4. Genteel; well bred.
person of fashion
Fash'iox-a-bly, adv. In a manner
according to fashion.
Fast, a. [-er -est.] [A.-S. fast.]
1. Firmly fixed;
closely adhering.
3. Firm in
2. Firm against attack.

the fashion.

to

custom or use

fault

chance.

Male parent.

Tra-njp.] 1.

2.

A male an-

cestor a progenitor. 3. He who is to

be venerated for age, kindness, wisdom, &c. 4. A producer, author, or
contriver; the first of a series.
v.
t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To beget. 2. To
adopt hence, to acknowledge one's
self author of.
[father paternity.
adherence steadfast. 4. Not easily
disturbed deep sound. 5. Moving Fa'ther-HO"5d, n. State of being a
FX'THER-iN-LAW,n.
Father of one's
rapid.
rapidly
6. Rash and inconhusband or wife.
[one's ancestors.
adv. 1. In
siderate extravagant.
Fa'ther-lXnd,
Native
land of
n.
a fast or fixed manner. 2. In a rapswiftly rapid- Fa'ther-less, a. Having no father.
id manner quickly
Fa'ther-li-ness,
Qualities
of a
n.
ly. v. i. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S. /as;

[Lat. Faunus, protecting

agriculture and shepherds.]

blamable.

Fat'ed, a. Decreed by fate doomed. Faun, n.

Fa'ther, n. [A.-S. fader, allied to Gr.
deity of

(Rom Myth.) A god

of fields and
shepherds, half goat and half man.
Fau'nA,. [See supra.] The animals
jof any given area or epoch.
Fa'VOR, n. [Lat.. fr.favere,to be favorable.] 1. Kind regard. 2. Coun-

tenance support. 3. A kind act or

office.
4. A gift or present
something worn as a token of affection.
[-ED; -ing.] 1.
5. A letter.
v. t.
To regard with kindness to support
;

to aid. 2. To facilitate.
Fa'VOR-a-ble, a. 1. Kind;

propi-

tious; friendly.

2.

Advantageous.

Fa'vor-a-bly, adv. In a favorable

Fa'THER-LY, a. 1. Like a father pamanner kindly.
ternal. 2. Pertaining to a father.
Fa'vor-ite, n. A person or thing reFXTH'OM, n. [A.-S. fddhem,fddhm,
garded with peculiar favor.
a. Reembrace.] A measure of length, congarded with particular kindness.
Fast'-day, n. A day on which fastt.
[-ED
taining
six
v.
-ING.]
Fa'vor-it-ism,.
Disposition
feet.
to
proing is observed.
To measure by a sounding line to
mote the interest of a favorite parFAsT'EN (las'n), v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
get
to
the
bottom
of.
tiality.
1. To fix firmly
to make fast. 2.
FXth'om-a-ble, a. Capable of being Fawn, n. [Fr. faon, young of any
To hold together by any means.
fathomed.
[fathomed.
beast, from Lat. fcetus, filled with
Syx. To fix; cement; affix; annex.
FATH'OM-LESS,a. Incapable of being
young.] A young fallow deer a buck
FAST'JSN-ER(fas'n-er), n.
One who, Fa-TIGUE' (-teeg'), 1. Weariness
or doe of the first year.
v. i. [-ED
or that which, makes fast.
from labor. 2. Cause of weariness
-ING.] [A.-S. f'agnian fahnian, to
Fast'jex-ing (l'as'n-ing), n.
Any
-ING,
toil.
v.t. [-ED;
rejoice, flatter.
1. To
See Fain.]
140.] [Lat.
thing that binds and makes fast.
fatigare.] To weary with any bodily
court favor by low cringing, &c, as
Fas-tTd'i-ous, a.
[La.t.fastidiosus,
or mental exertion to jade to tire.
a dog. 2. To court servilely.
ft. fast id i urn, loathing.] Difficult to
Fat'ling, n. A young animal fat- Fawn'er, n. One who fawn3 a syctan, to keep, to observe, to fast, allied
to fast, firm.] To abstain from food
n.
1. Abstinence
to go hungry.
from food. 2. A time of fasting.

father

parental care

and kindness.

please

St>

t
.

delicate to a fault.

Squeamish. Fastidioits

plied to one

whose

is

ap-

taste or feelings are

offended by trifling defects or errors

tened for slaughter.

FXT'NESS n. [Yvomfat.] 1. Quality
of being fat corpulency. 2. Richness fertility. 3. That which is fat
1

squeaniish (lit., having a stomach which

is easily turned) to one who is excessively nice on minor points, or else over-

scrupulous.

or which

makes

fat.

2.

Jat,

n.

1.

stronghold

State of being fast.

a fortress or fort.

to enrich.
corpulent.

v.

corpulent

oily
greasy. 2. Coarse
gross; dull. 3. Productive.
n. 1.
An oily, concrete animal substance.
2. Best or richest part, v. t. [-TED;
;

-TING, 136.]

To make

ten.
v.i. To grow fat.
fat, allied to 0. H. Ger.

fat

n.

to- fat-

[A.-S.

fazzon, to
contain.] A large tub a vat.
Fa'tal, a. 1. Proceeding from fate.
2. Causing death
deadly mortal.
;

or, do, wolf, TOO,

TQ&

i.

v.

elf.

[See
t.

Fairy.]

[Contr.

fadge.]

fr.

fairy

an

To

to suit.
v. i. To unite closely
to fit
to fadge.
Fe'al-ty, n. [Lat. fid'elitas.] Fidelity
to a superior power, or to a governfit

To grow

fat or

ment.

Fear,

n.
[A.-S. far, a coming suddenly upon, deceit, fear.] 1. A painful emotion excited by expectation
Fat'ty, a. Containing fat, or having
of evil apprehension alarm dread.
FA-TU'l-TY, n. Imbecility of mind.
2. Respectful or awful reverence.
FAt'U-OUS, a. [Lat. fatuus.} 1. Feev. t.
l-ED -ING.] 1. To be afraid
2. Without reality
ble in mind.
of.
2. To have a reverential awe of.
illusory.
v.i. To be afraid.
Fa tjb our g ( f o'bo'org), n. [Fr. , for Fear'ful, a. 1. Full of fear; frightfaux-bourg, i. e., a false town.] A
ened. 2. Inclined to fear. 3. Indisuburb in French cities.
cating, or caused by, fear.
4. InFAU'CET, n. [Lat. fauces, throat.] A
spiring fear.
'fixture for drawing liquor from a cask.
Sytt.
Apprehensive; afraid timid?

[-TER -test, 136.] [A.-S. Fat'ti-ness,

fat.] 1. Abounding with fat plump
grossness.
a.

n.

FXT'TEN, v. t. [-ED -ing.] 1. To

make fat to fat. 2. To make fertile
;

FAst'ness,

ophant.

Fay,

urn, RUE, PULL

n. State of being fatty

[its qualities.

e,

i,

o, silent

, G, soft; , S, hard;

AgJ EI3T

N.

as NG-;

FEARFULLY
timorous

Fear'ful-LY, adv. In a

FELLOWSHIP

162

horrible ; distressing
ful; dreadful; awful ; terrible.
:

fright-

ner,

Fe'U-lence,

know

1. State, of being
lees; dregs.
[Lat. fseculentus, fr.
fseXjfaecula.] Foul; muddy; thick.

feculent.

fearful

2.

man- Fec'u-lent,

[fearful.

n.

Sediment;

In

of being fearless

dating

State or qualify
courage intrepid-

n.
;

(-nawt), n.
great thickness

of

cloth

woolen
dread-

nought,
[feasible.
Fea'si-bil'I-TY, n. Quality of being
FEA'si-BLE, a. [From Lat. facere, to
make or do.] Capable of being done
;

practicable.

FEA'gl-BLE-NESS,

Feasibility

n.

practicability.
Feast, n. [L&t.feslum, pi. fiesta.] 1.
festival
2.
rich
a holiday.

repast

a banquet.

3.

Something

delicious or highly agreeable

tainment.
Syn. Banquet.

enter-

A feast sets before

us viands superior in quantity, variety,

and abundance; abanquet is a luxurious
feast

& festival

is

the joyful celebration

event.

by good cheer of some agreeable

A feast which was designed

to heafestibe changed into a banquet. A

carousal is unrestrained indulgence in

val,

Fed'er-ate

-ing.]

[Fr

a pretense.

2.

seeming
is

in-

tended to be struck.

Feld'spar,

[Ger. feldspath, from

feld, field, and spath, spar.]
crystalline mineral, eonjsisting of silica,
n.

n.
[A.-S. feoh, cattle; hence,
1.
value, price, property, wealth.]
Property possession. 2. Reward for
(Eng. Laiv.)
services.; charge.
3.
An estate of inheritance supposed to
be held from the sovereign. 4. (Amer.
Law.) An estate of inheritance belonging to the owner, absolutely and
-ING.]
To
simply. v. t. [-ed

alumina, and potash.

Fe-lhVi-tate,!-. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L.
Lat. felicitare, -latum : felix, hap.

jight.

without con-

aim at one part when another

n.

Fee,

To de-

n. A fee
n. : pi. of Foot.
(fan), v. t. [-ed;

feigned

passion.

feeling man[ditions or limits.

fieindre, L&t.fingere.] 1. To imagine ;

to pretend. 2. To make a show of.
FglNT (i'ant), n. 1. That which is

confederate.
1. Act of uniting
in a league. 2. A league a confed[in a league.
eracy,
Fed'er-a-tive, a. Uniting joining

and drink.
i.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To eat
sumptuously. 2. To be highly gratv. t.
I. To entertain with
ified.

emotion

Fee'-sim'ple,
;

United by com-

(45), a.

pact, as states

Fed'er-a'tion,

ner,

advocate

of confederation

tion of the United States at its

[eralists.
tion,
Fed'er-al-im, n. Principles of Fed-

frolic

2.

Syn.
Sensation
See Emotion.

Feel'ing-ly, adv. In a

Feet,
forma- F^ign

V.

provisions.

state.

specifically, a friend of the Constitu-

may

sumptuous

An

n.

sciousness.
3. Capacity of the soul
for emotional states. 4. Any mental

league,
treaty.]
1. Pertaining to a league,
contract, or treaty.
2. Composed
of states which retain only a subordinate and limited sovereignty.

Fed'er-al-ist,

2.

FeelMng,

FED, imp. & p. p. of Feed.

Fed'er-al, a. [Lat. faedus,

Fed'er-al,

feels.

the views of others.

Possessing, or exp. a.
pressive, of great sensibility
sensitive.
n. 1. Sense of touch. 2. Con-

impregnation.

Richness of invention.

3.

ity.

Fear'naught

Fruitfulness.
Fe-Dn'di-ty, n.
1.
2. Power of germinating, as in seeds.

One who

1.

organ with which certain animals are furnished, for trying objects
by the touch. 3. A proposal, observation, &c, put forth to ascertain

Fear'less-ness,

n.

An

To appear to thfc
communi-

5.

Feel'er,

Fear'ful-ness, n. State of being FEO'UN-DATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]

Fear'LESS, a. Free from fear.
1.
To
[Lat. fecundare, -datum.]
Syn. Bold; daring; courageous; inmake fruitful. 2. To impregnate.
trepid valiant; brave undaunted.
Feg'un-da'tion,
n.
Act of fecunFear'less-ly, adv.
a fearless
manner.

certainly.

touch.
Sensation
n.
cated by touching.

a.

2. To express
py.] 1. To delight.
joy or pleasure to to congratulate.
Syn.
See Congratulate.
Fe-lIc'i-ta'tion, n. Congratulation.
Fe-lic'1-tous, a. [From Lat. felix,
happy.] Happy delightful appropriate,
[tous manner.
;

FEAT, n. [Lat. factum, fr. facere, to

reward for services to recompense.
make or do.] A deed an exploit. Fee'ble, a. [-ER -EST.] [From Lat.
Fe-lic'I-TOUS-ly, adv. In a feliciFEATH'ER, n. [k.-S.fiedher, allied to
1.
flebilis, lamentable, wretched.]
FE-Lig'l-TY, <n.
1.
State of being
Gr. TTTepov, for nerepop.] One of the
2.
Deficient in physical strength.
happy. 2. That which promotes hapgrowths which make up the covering
Wanting force, vigor, or efficiency.
;

of a bird a plume.
[-ED;
v. t.
-ING.] 1. To dress in feathers; to
furnish with a feather. 2. To adorn.
^v. i. To become feathered or hori-

3.

zontal.

FEAT'URE

n.
[From Lat. factum, a
making, formation.] 1. Make or ap,

a.

Cast or structure of

fiedan, Cf.

any thing.

2.

To

adv.
[imp.

Weak

Weakly

&

in in-

Feed'er,

[Lat.
Pertaining to, or infebris, fever.]
dicating, fever.
Feb'ru-a-ry, n. [Lat. Februarius,
lit. month of expiation.]
Second

month
Fe'AL,

in the year.
a. [Lnt.fmx, y>\. faces.] Pertaining to, or containing, dregs or

feces.
;

fsBX, sediment.]
Nutritious part of
wheat starch or farina.
;

4,15,1, 6,U,

long,-

A3 }i 3 J

1.

One who

tributary fountain or
supply.

feeds.

[ed

-ing.]

[A.-S.

of

To

One of the

associates
college
member of a
7. One
literary or scientific society.
of the trustees of _a college. [Amer.}
Fel'low-Reat'URE, n. Oneofthe
samerace or kind.
Fel'low-FEEl'ing, n. Sympathy;

self to be. 4.

person.

in

6.

an English

like feeling.

Fel'low-shIp,

v. i.
1. To have
persuasion of.
perception by the touch. 2. To have
the sensibilities moved or affected.

To perceive one's

2.

medium

&

3.

t.

n.
[A.-S.fdaiv, from fieli.
gean,fylgan, to follow.] 1. One who
follows a companion an associate.
2. A man without good breeding or
worth.
3. An equal in power, rank,
&c. 4. One of a pair a mate. 5.

n. Land held of another

in fee, in consideration of an annual
farm or rent.
Feel, v. t. [imp.
p. p. felt.]
1. To perceive by the
[A.-S.fielan.]
touch. 2. To touch; to examine by
touching. 3. To experience to be
affected by.
4. To have an inward

6,tj,Y,s/lCtf;

v.

Fel'low,

Fee'-fak.m,

Fe'ce (fe'sez), n. pi. Dregs fasces.

FEC'U-LA, n. [Lat. fmcula, dim. of

n.

Any

or subduing fever.
Fe'brile, or Feb'rile, a.

a beast.

Food.] 1. To give food to.

fellan, causative form of fealian, to
To graze. 4. To give
fall.]
1. To cause to fall; to pros*
To take food to
v. i.
trate L 2. To hem, as a seam.
1. That which is eaten by Fel'loe, n. See Felly.

beasts provender fodder. 2. Parts

that move work to the cutting-tool,
or the tool to the work.

icine to mitigate or remove fever.

a. Having the quality of mitigating

felis,

satisfy. 3.

for food.
eat.
n.

&ndfugare,

from

without
p. p. fed.] [A.-S.

FE-BRiF'i, a. [Lat. febris, fever, and

facere., to make.]
Producing fever.
[Lat. febris, fever,
to put to flight.] A med-

bliss; blessedness.

[Lat. fielimts,

a.

Pertaining to cats.
FELL, imp. of fall.
a.
[From Celtic
fall, fal,feal, bad, evil.] Cruel barbarous savage.
n. [A.-S. fell, allied to Lat. pellis.]
Skin or hide of
cat.]

FEB'RI-FUGE,

n.

Happiness;

Fe'line,

tellectual power.
Fee'BLE-ness, n. Weakness of body
[strength.
or mind; infirmity.

human face, especial- Fee'BLY,

any single part of the face a Feed, v. t.
2.

Syn.

languid; imbe-

cile.

Fee'ble-mind'ED,

pearance of the
ly of
lineament.

piness.

Indicating feebleness.

Syn. Infirm; weak:

a fellow or

n.
1. State of being
associate.
2. Familiar

intercourse
companionship.
3. A
state of being together.
4. Partner;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM

$6

FELLY

;;

FESTOON

163

ferrum, iron.] A ring of metal put

fends or wards off; especially a
round a cane, or other thing, to
metallic frame placed before a fire.
strengthen it.
FE-Nfis'TRAL, a. [Lat. fenestra, winFer'ry,i\. [-ED; -ING, 142.] [See
[A.-S. felg,felge.] ExFel'LY, n.
dow.] Pertaining to windows.
To carry over a river, or
infra.]
[A.-S. fenol, from Lat.
terior rim or a part of the rim of a Fen'nel, n.
other water, in a boat.
n.
[A.-S.
fenicutum, dim. oifenmn, hay.] An
wheel.
ferjan,Xo carry convey fr.faran, to
aromatic plant.
Fe'lo-de-se', n. [L. tat. See in1.
A
vessel
passing
over
to
a
fen;
go.]
for
Fen'ny,
Pertaining
a.
self-murderer
a
suicide.
A
fra.]
narrow waters. 2. A place for pas*
swampy boggy.
Fel'on, n.
[L. l,a,t.felo,fello.
See
ing across a river or other water, ia
Feod (iud), n. A feud.
1. One who has comFell, a,]
ferry-boats.
3. Right of maintain*
mitted felony. 2. A person guilty Feoff (i'ef), v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Fr.
ship. 5. An association a company.
Univ.) A foundation for the
( En-g.
maintenance of a resident scholar.
,

5.

or capable of heinous crime. 3. A

painful inflammation of a finger or
a. 1. Malignant.
2. Traitortoe.

ous; disloyal.

Fe-LCni-ous,
torous

a.

Malignant trai[manner.
;

perfidious.

feoffer, horn fief See FIEF.] To infief.

vest with a fee or feud.
n.
[a feoffment is made.
See Fief.
Feof-fee' (fef-feeO, n. One to whom
Feof'fer (ief-), n. One who grants

Feof'for

feud or

[a

fee.

fee.

ing a ferry-boat.
n. A boat for conveying passengers over streams and
other narrow waters.
Fer'ry-man (150), n. One who keeps
a ferry.

Fer'ry-boat (20),

[Lat. fertilis, fr. ferre,

Fe-lo'ni-ous-ly, adv. In a felonious Feoff'ment (iefment), n. Grant of Ff R'TILE a.
productive rich.
to bear.] Prolific
[L&t.feretrum, fr.
Fel'o-ny,w. [See Felon.] A heinous Fer'e-TO-RY, n.
bear.]
bier
to
Tne
or
shrine
especially
ferre,
one punishable by
crime
Syn. Fruitful. -- Fertile denotes the
,

death or imprisonment.

Yel'spar, n. See Feldspar.

Felt, imp, & p. p. or a. from Feel.

n. [A.-S. felt, allied to Lat. pilus,

hair.]
stuff of wool, or wool and
fur, made by rolling and pressure,
[-ed;
weaving.
without
v.t.
-ing.] To make into, or cover with,

for the relics of saints.

Fe'RI-AL, a. [L. Lat. ferialis, fr.feria,
holiday.] Pertaining to holidays.
Fe'rine, a.
[L&t.ferinus, fr. ferus,

or

fera, a wild

tamed

FEr'ment, n.
for

Wild

animal.]
savage.

FE-LtJ-e'A, n. [It., fr. At. feliikah, fr.

fulk, a ship.] A boat or vessel, used
in the Mediterranean.
[Lat. fcmella, dim. of
Fe'MALE, n.
femina, woman.] One of the sex
that bears young.
a. 1. Belonging
to the sex which bears young. 2.
Belonging to, or characteristic of, the
sex
feminine.
3. Having pistils

tile

[Ln,t.fermentum,contr.

fervimentvm fr. fervere, to boil,

1. That which causes fer,

mentation.
2. Tumult
3. Fermentation.

Fer-ment',

tivation into

a.

fruitful field.

un- Fer-tIl'i-ty, n.

ferment.]

felt.

power of producing; fruitful, the act.

The prairies of the West are fertile by
nature, and will soon be turned by cul-

agitation.

fruitfulness.

make

fertile, fruitful,

Fer'ti-liz'er,
which, renders

v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To
cause fermentation in.
v. i
1. To
undergo fermentation to work. 2.
To be active or excited.

State of being fer[dering fertile.

Act of renFer'ti-li-za'tion, n.
FLr'ti-lize, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
or productive.

One who, or that

n.

fertile.

Fer'ule

(feVril or ieVrul), n.
[Lat.
A fiat piece of wood, used
ferula.]
v. t. [-ED -ING.]
for punishment.

To punish with a ferule.

State of being ferThat change Fr'ven-cy, n.
vent ardor; warmth of devotion.
of organic substances by which their
[Lat. fervens, fr. ferstarch, sugar, gluten, &c, are de- Fer'VENT, a.
1. Hot
arvere, to boil, to glow.]
composed, and their elements reand no stamens.
dent boiling. 2. Warm in feeling
combined in new compounds.
Syn. See Feminine.
[manner.
ardent
[A.-S. fearn.] An order of
FEm'I-NINE, a.
[Lat. femininus, fr. Fern, n.
Fer'vent-LY, adv.
In a fervent
cryptogamous plants.
femina, woman.] 1. Pertaining to a
[L&t.ferox r fierce.] FER'VID, a. [L&t.fervidus, from ferwoman, or to women womanly. 2. Fe-RO'cious, a.
glow.]
vere,
1. Very hot
to
boil,
Indicating
cruelty rapacious wild.
Having the qualities of a female. 3.
boiling. 2. Ardent; vehement.
Syn". Fierce
savage barbarous.
Having a form belonging more es"When these words are applied to human Fer'VID-ly, adv. In a fervid manner.
pecially to words which are epithets
feelings or conduct,/erocioMS describes Fer'vor, n.
2. Intensity
1. Heat.
of females.

Fr men-ta'tion, n.
/

Female. Female

Syn.

to the sex

applied

to the appropriate characterisof the sex.

female school should
teach feminine accomplishments.

tics

Fem'o-ral,

[From Lat. femur,

a.

Belonging to the thigh.

thigh.]

the disposition
fierce, the haste and
violence of an act; barbarous, the coarseness and brutality by which it was
marked; saragre, the cruel and unfeel;

is

merely as opposed to male;

feminine

ing

spirit

which

it

showed.

A man

is

ferocious in his temper, fierce in his

actions, barbarous in the manner of carrying out his purposes, savage in the
spirit and
feelings expressed in his
words or deeds.

Fen, n.
[A.-S. fen, or fenn, marsh,
mud, dirt.] Boggy land moor.
Fe-roc'I-ty,

n. Sayage wildness or
fierceness cruelty
[Abbrev. from defence.] 1.
barbarity.
A defense. 2. A wall, hedge, or other Fer'RE-OUS, a. [Lat. ferreus, fr.ferinclosing structure. 3. Fencing.
rum, iron.] Pertaining to iron like
v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
1. To fend off
iron.
;

FENCE, rc.

danger from to protect.

2. To inclose with a fence.
1. To
v. i.
make a fence. 2. To defend one's
;

self

by use of the sword.

Fen'cer,

n.

Fen'ci-ble,

One who
a.

or, do,

n.

[L. Lat.

ro. ferret, fr. Lat.

furetum, fr.fu-

fur, thief.]

1.

ferret does the cony.

Fer'rj-age, n. -bare to

FER'RO-TYPE,
and Gr.

n.

[ferry.

be paid at a

[From Lat./emn,

an impression.]
picture taken on an
iron plate by a collodion process.
FER-Ry'GI-NOUS, a. 1. Partakingof,
or containing, iron.
2. Resembling
iron,

tltto?,

A photographic

iron-rust.

Fer'rule

(feVril or feVrul), n. [Lat.

WOLF, TOO. TCfoK; URN, rue, PULL E,

;

I,

o, silent

the like, to point out letters to children.

[Lat. festum, a feast.]
a.
Pertaining to a holiday or feast
gay mirthful.

Fes'tal,
;

Fes'ter,

[-ed;-ING.] [Amodif.
To grow virulent to
rankle.
To become malignant
n. A sore which
and invincible.
discharges corrupt matter; a pusv.

i.

of foster.]

1.

2.

tule.

An FES'TI-VAL,

animal of the weasel kind. 2. A narrow woolen tape. v. t. [-ED -ING.]

To drive out of a lurking-place, as a
;

fences.

Capable of being de-

fended.
n.
A soldier enlisted for
the defense of the country, and not
liable to be sent abroad.
Fen'cing, n. Art or practice of selfdefense with the sword.
FEnd, v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Abbrev.
fr. defend.] To keep off; to shut out.
v. ?'. To act in opposition
to resist.
FEND'ER.re. One who, or that which,

Fer'ret,

of feeling zeal.
n.
[0. Eng. festiie, fr. Lat.
festuca, a straw.] A straw, stick, or

Fes'UE,

[L&t.festivitm,

a.

tive jollity,

from festmn,

fes-

feast. ] Per-

taining or appropriate to a feast;

n. A time of feast*
festal.
festive
ing or celebration.
Pertaining to, or b
Ffis'TlVE,a.
coming, a feast festal joyous.
Fes-tiv'i-ty, n. 1. Joyfulness; gay-

ety.

2.

festival.

Fes-to~on', n.

[Orig.

an ornament

for a fesgarland or
wreath hanging in a
v.t.
[-ED;
curve.
tival.]

C, G, soft; , G, hard,- AS',

EXIST

Festoon.

as

NG; THI!

FETAL
To form in

-ING.]

adorn with festoons.

Fe'tal,

Pertaining to a fetus.
t.
[-ed; -ing.]
[A.-S.
Cf.fecan, to draw, lead.] 1.
and bring; to get. 2. To

a.
v.

Fetch,
fetian.

To go
bring

to sell for.

To make

3.

To reach to attain.
n.
stratagem an artifice.
&ETE (fat), n. [Fr. See Feast.]
do.

4.

to

[Vg.feitigo, sorLat. facticius, artificial.]

A material thing, worshiped
among certain African tribes.
Fet'i-chis_m, ) v. The low idolatry of
(fS'tish), n.

charm,

cery,

Fet'i-c'ism,

FET'ID, a.
to have an

fr.

Western Africa.
I
[Lat. fat id'its, fr. fatere,
smell.]
Having an of-

ill

fensive smell

stinking.

Field'-sport, n. Diversion in
A small fiber.
Fl'BRiNE,n. A peculiar organic comfield, as shooting and hunting.
Fi'bril, n.

pound found
bles,

Fi'brous,

Fet'lock,a.
[From feet, or foot,
and lock.] Part of the leg where the

a.

in animals and vegeta[ing of, fibers.

Containing, or consist-

Fl'cK'LE (flk'l), a.
[A.-S.ficol, from
fican, to touch lightly, to flatter.]
of a changeable
Liable to change
;

mind

holiday, or celebration.
v.t. [-ed; -ing.] To honor with a
festive entertainment.
festival,

Ee'tich

FIGURATIVELY

164

festoons, or to

irresolute

capricious.

[A.-S.fednd, fiend, from

fian,feon, to hate.] An implacable
foe
the devil.
Fiend'ish, a. Like afiend malignant
Fierce, a. [-er -est.] [0. Eng.
fers,fiers, from Lat. ferus, wild, sav
age.]
1. Furious
violent.
2. Ex
cessively earnest, eager, or ardent.
See Ferocious.
_ Syn.
FlERCE'LY, adv. In a fierce manner,
or with a fierce expression.
;

FIck'le-ness, n. State of being fickle.

Ffe'TiLE, a. [Lat. fictUis, fr. fingere,

tofoi-m.] Molded into form by art.
FlG'TION, n.
[Lat. Jirtio, fr. fingere,
to form, feign.]
1. Act of feigning FlERCE'NESS, n.
or inventing.
2. That which is
feigned or invented
especially, a
feigned story.
Syn.
Fabrication falsehood.
Fiction is opposed to what 16 real, it may or
may not be intended to deceive; afabrication, as here spoken of, is a fiction
wrought up forthe purpose of deceiving;
& falsehood requires less invention, being merely a false statement.
;

the

FIEND, n.

being

(fT'e-ri-fa'shY-Ss),

n. [Lat.,V. e., cause it to be done.]

A judicial writ that lies for him who
has recovered in debt or damages.

State or quality of

fierce.

Fl'E-Rf- fa'ci-as

FI'ER-I-NESS, n.

Quality

of being

fiery.

FI'ER-Y, a.

Consisting of, heated

by, or resembling, fire.
2. Vehement ardent. 3. Passionate fierce.
Fic-tT'tious (-tlsh'us), a.
Feigned
Fife,
Pipe.]
n.
[Cf.
A
small
pipe
imaginary counterfeit.
used as a wind-instrument.
v.i.
Fic-ti'tious-ly, adv. Counterfeitly.
[-ed -ING.] To play on a fife.
Fid, n. 1. A square bar to support
One who plays on a fife.
2. A pin of hard FIf'er, n.
the top-mast.
Fif'teen, a. Five and ten.
n. Sum
wood, tapering to a point.
of five and ten.
Fid'dle (fid'dl), n. A violin a kit.
Fif'teenth,
a.
1. Next in order
-ING.]
To
v. t.
[-ED;
1.
play
after the fourteenth.
2. Being one
on a fiddle. 2. To trifle.
of fifteen equal parts of a thing.
FYd'dle-fad'dle, n. A trifle non7i.
One of fifteen equal parts of a
sense.
[ Colloq. and loiv.]
unit or whole.
FKd'dler, n. One who plays on a
Fifth, a. 1. Next after the fourth.
fiddle.
2.
Being one of five equal parts.
Bow
FId'dle-stIck, n.
and string
n. 1. One of five equal parts. 2. Infor playing on a violin.
between any tone and that repterval
Fl-DEL'I-TY. n.
[Lat. fidelitas, from
resented on the fifth degree above it.
Faithfuluess
adherfides, faith.]
adv. In the fifth place.
FlFTH'LY,
truth.
ence to right or
1.
Next after the
Syn. Integrity; faith; loyalty; fealty. Fif'ti-eth, a.
forty-ninth. 2. Being one of fifty
FId'Get, v. i. [-ED -ing.]
[Icel.
equal parts of a thing.
n. One Of
Cf. Fickle.]
To
fika, to hasten.
fifty equal parts of a unit.
move uneasily one way and the other.
n. Sum
Fif'ty, a. Five times ten.
restlessness.
ft. Uneasiness
of five tens.
FlD'GET-Y, a. Restless uneasy.
1. A tree and
[Lat. ficus.]
[Lat. fiducia, trust, FlG, ti.
Fl-DU'CIAL, a.
its fruit, growing in warm climates.
1.
Having faith or
confidence.]
2. A small piece of tobacco. [Amer.]
2. Having the
trust
confident.
[imp. & p. p.
Fight (fit), v. i.
nature of a trust.
FOUGHT.] (A..-S. feohtan.] 1. To
Ff-DU'CIAL-LY,ac/r. With confidence.
contend in ?rms. 2. To act in opFl-DU'CI-A-RY (-du'shi-), a.
[See suposition.
v t. 1. To carry on, as a
pra.] 1. Confident undoubting. 2.
2. To contend with in batconflict.
Holding or held, or founded, in trust.
ti.
tle.
A battle; a struggle for
[like.
n. A trustee.
_
victory.
Fie, interj. Denoting contempt or disSyn. Coribat ; engagement; conFief, n.
[Yr.fief See Feud and
test; fray; affay; conflict.
Fee.] An estate held of a superior
FlGHT'ER (fit'er), n. One who fights.
on condition of military service.
Field, n. [A.-S. feld.] 1. Cleared FlG'MENT, n. [Lat. ftgmentum, from
land. 2. Plain where a battle is
fingere, to fe>Tn, invent.] An invention
a fictii a.
fought; also, the battle itself. 3.
[Lat. figurare, to
FlG'u-RA-BLF . a.
An open space of any kind.
form, shape.] Capable of a certain
Field'-book, n. A book used in
[nate figure.
fixed form or phape.
surveying for making entries of
FIG'U-RATE c. Of a certain determimeasurements taken in the field.
Commander FiG'u-RA'Tlon\ n. Act of giving figField'-mar'shal, n.
ure or determinate form
of an army in some European coun1.

tuft of hair grows behind the pastern

joint in horses.
Fe'tor, n. [Lat. fator.] Stench.
Fet'ter, n. [A.-S. fetor.] [Chiefly
used in the pi.] 1.
chain for the

feet. 2.

Any

-ING.]
jhackle.

1.

restraint.

v.

t.

[-ED

To put fetters on; to

2. To impose restraints on

Fe'tus

[Lat. fatus, fetus, a

(147), n.
bringing forth, offspring.]
The unborn young of animals after it is perv
fectly formed.
Feud, n. [A.-S. fdhdh,fr.figan,fian,
to

hate.]

1.

An

inveterate

strife

between families, clans, or parties in

a state. 2. [L. Lat. feudo?n,feodom.
See Fee.] A stipendiary estate in
land, held of a superior,

fief

by

service

fee.

a.
1. Pertaining to feuds,
or fees. 2. Embracing tenures
by military services.
Feud'al-ism, n. Principles and constitution cf feuds.
[being feudal.
Feu-dal'i-TY. ti. State or quality of
fiefs,

Feud'a-to ry,

a. Held from another

on some conditional tenure.

Fe'VER,ti.

[A.-S. fefer, Lat. febris,

prob. fr.fervere, to be hot, boil.] 1.
diseased state of the system, marked

by increased heat and acceleration

of the pulse.

2.

Strong excitement

of any kind.
Fe'ver-Ish, a.

Pertaining to, indicating, or resembling, a fever.

F'ver-ish-ness, n. State of being
feverish.

fed,

pi.

a.

Feud'al,

Few (fa),

[-er

feave.]

-est.]

Not many

[A.-S.
small,

limited, or confined in number.

(f u'nes), n.
State of being

Fewness

few; paucity.
A red cap without a brim,
worn by Turks, &c.
[cree.
FT'AT, n. [Lat., let it be done.] A deFfB, n. [Prob. corrupt, fr. fable.] A
he or falsehood.
[-bed;
v.i.

J?EZ,n.

1. Representing
FIg'u-ra-tivI a.
tries.
by a figure topical representative.
FlELD'-OF'FI-CER, 7i. A military ofnot litituitaphorical
-BING, 136.] To lie.
2. Tropical
ficer above the rank of captain, and
ft'BER, )n. [.Lat. fibra.] Any fine,
eral.
below that of general.
In a figu^1'bre ( slender thread, or thread- FlELD'-PlECE, n. A small cannon FIg'u-ra-TiVE-L'Y,, cdv.
like substance.
rative manner.
used in the field of battle.

v,

E i,o,u, Y, long; A, ,I, 6,U,Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE,
s

VF,IL,

TERM VVUVE FIRM

5

s6K.

FIGURE
?lG'VRE

[Ls.t. figura, fr.fin(53), n.

gere, to form, shape.]
1. Form of

any thing

shape.

drawing.

An

2.

Appearance or impresthe conduct of a percharacter representing a

3.

4.

number; a numeral.

Value;

5.

6.
type or representative.
v.
Pictorial language; a trope.

price.
7.

image

made by

sion
son.

t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To make an image of. 2. To embellish with designs.
;

To

by numerals also, to
To state or represent
by a metaphor to signify or symbolize.
5. To image in the mind.
to be disv. i. To make a figure
indicate
calculate. 4.
3.

tinguished.
Fi-la'ceoCts,

a.

[La.i.

filum, thread.]

Composed of threads.
Fil'a-ment, n. [Lat.

filum, thread.]
thread-like object or appendage.

Fil'a-ment'ous,
thread

Resembling

a.

consisting of fiue filaments.

(53), n. [L. Lat. flat ura,
1. The reeling

FlL'A-TURE

from fila re, to spin.]

of silk from cocoons.
drawing off silk.

FINE

165

2.

reel for

to hold.
4. To occupy
5. To
supply with an incumbent.
v. i. 1.
To become full to be satiated. 2.
1. A full supTo give to drink.
n.
isfy.

Shaft of a carriage.
[Fr. filet, thread, dim.
offil, thread, from Lat. filum.] 1. A
little baud, esp. one to tie about the
hair.
2. A piece of meat made up
of muscles. 3. A little square member or ornament; a listel.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To bind, furnish, or
adorn with a fillet.
FlL'Ll-BEG, n. [Gael, filleadkbeag, i.
e.. little plaid.]
A Highland dress
reaching nearly to the knees.
FIL'LI-BUS'TER, n. See FILIBUSTER.
FlLL'lNG, n. That which fills, or with
ply.

2.

Fil'let,

n.

which anything is filled.

[-ED -ING.]
v. t.
[Prob.
from the sound.] To sti-ike with the

FlL'LIP,

nail of the finger, first placed against

the ball of the thumb, and forced
from that position with a sudden
spring.
n.
jerk of the finger

forced suddenly from the thumb.

Fil'li-PEEN 7 n. Same as

Philo

is now appropriated to that which brings

with it an end, as a final adjustment, the
judgment, &c.
Conclusive implies
the closing of all future discussion, negotiation, &c, as a conclusive argument or
fact, a conclusive arrangement. Ultimate
has reference to something earlier or preceding, as, a temporary reverse may lead
to an ultimate triumph. The statements
which a man finally makes may be perfectly conclusive as to his ultimate inten-

final

tions.

Finale

(fe-na/la),

n.

Las6

[It.]

note, or end, of a piece of music;

termination.
[ment.

Fi-nal'i-ty, n. Final state a settleFT'NAL-LY, adv. 1. At the end ultimately lastly

2. Completely.
;

Fi-nan^e'

(fl-nanss', 114), n.

[L. Lat.

financia, payment of moDey, money,

fv.finare, to pay a fine.] Income of
a ruler or of a state revenue
often in the pi., funds.
Fi-nan'cial (ii-nan'shal), a.
Pertaining to finance.
Fi-nan'cial-ly, adv. In a financial
;

manner.
FlN'AN-ciER', n.

An

officer

who

administers the public revenue.

2.

1.

One skilled iu financial operations.

PENA.
FlL'BERT, n. [Perhaps from full and
v. i.
To conduct financial operabeard, from its long beards or husks.] Fil'ly, n.
[SY.Jllog. See Foal.] 1.
tions.
Nut of tbe cultivated hazel.
A young mare. 2 A lively or wanton
Finch (66), n. [A.-S. fine, allied to W.
Filch, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Cf. A.-S.
girl.
pine, a finch, smart, gay.]
A small
filkan, to stick to, come upon, hide.] FILM, n. [A.-S. film, skin.] 1. A thin
singing bird.
To steal or cake privily to pilfer.
skin a pellicle. 2. A slender thread.
Find, v. t.
[imp. & p p. found.]
FlLCH'ER, n. One who filches.
v. t. To cover with a thin skin.
[A.-S.findan.] 1. To meet with acFile, it.
[Lat. filum, thread.]
1. A FTlm'Y, a.
Composed of film memcidentally
to fall in with.
2. To
branous.
line
a row, as of soldiers ranged beperceive to experience
to feel.
3.
hind one another. 2. An orderly Fi'lose (125), a. [Lat. filum, thread.]
To discover by study or experiment.
collection of papers
also, the wire,
Ending in a thread-like process.
to supply.
4. To provide for
5. To
or contrivance, by which they are FlL'TER, a.
[L.LiHt.filtrum,feltrum,
arrive at, as a conclusion.v. i. To
kept in order,
[-ED -ING.]
properly felt.]
v. t.
A piece of woolen
determine an issue of fact, and to
cloth, paper, or the like, for strain1. To set in order; to place on file.
declare such a determination to a
ing liquors.
2. To bring before a courb or legisla-ING.] To
v. t. [-ED
court.
[finds.
purify, as liquor,
tive body by presenting proper papers
by passing it
through a filter.
in a regular way.
3. To put among
To pass FlND'ER, n. One who, or that which,
v. i.
FlND'ING, n. 1. That which is found
through a filter to percolate.
the records of a court.
v. i.
To
discovery especially, pi. that which
Filth, n. [A.-S. fyldh, fr. ./?//, foul.]
march in a line, as soldiers.
n.
a journeyman provides for himself.
[A.-S. feol.] A steel instrument for
1. Foul matter
dirt.
2. Corrup.

abrading other substances.

To rub or smooth with a
with a file. 2. To smooth

v.

t.

1.

tion

2.

pollution.

verdict.

FlLTH'l-LY, adv. In a filthy manner. Fine, a. [-ER; -est.] [Abbrev.fr.

Lat. finitus, finished.] 1. Finished;
Filth'I-ness, n.
to polish.
1. State of beiug
perfected hence, excellent
superiFILe'-lead'er, . The soldier placed
filthy.
2. That which is filthy, or
2. Aiming at show or
or showy.
in the front of a file.
makes filthy.
over -dressed.
effect
3. Nice
deliFlL'IAL (t'Tl'yal), a. [From Lat. filius, FlLTH'Y, a. [-ER -est, 142.]
Defile,

or as

son, filia, daughter.] 1. Pertaining

to a son or daughter.
2. Bearing
the relation of a child.

FIX/I-A'TION, n.
1.
Relation of a
child to a father. 2. The fixing of
a bastard chiid on some one as its

FlL'I-B&s'TER, n.
a

[Sp.filibote or fiifast-sailing
vessel,
the river Vly in Hol-

small,

named from

land.]
A lawless military adventurer; a free-booter; a pirate.
v. i.
To act as a filibuster.
FIl'i-form, a.
[Lat. /dum, thread,

and forma, form.]

Having the form

FlL'I-GREE, n.
and granum,

[Lat. filum, thread,

grain]

work of fiue gold or

2.

v.

t.

[-ed

Ornamental

fr.

on, DO,

filter.

FIL-TRA'TION,

-ING.]

[A.-S.

fyU

full, full.]

1.

WOLF, TOO, TOOE;

fJRN,

Act of filtering.
[Lat. fimbriatus,

hem

to fringe.

Fin, n. [A.-S., allied to Lat. pinna,

fin, penna, wing, feather.]
An organ of a fish, serving to balance and
propel

in the water.

it

a.
Subject to a fine.
a.
[Lat. finalis, from finis,

Fl'NAL,

end.]
1.
Pertaining to the
last.
2. Decisive
mortal. 3.
Respecting the purpose or ultimate
limit,
;

end in view.
Syn.

RUE, PULL

e,

I,

exquisite. 4. Sly
fraudulent.
coarse, gross, or heavy.
Fine arts, those arts which depend
chiefly on the imagination, as poetry,
painting, sculpture, engraving, and arsometimes restricted to the
chitecture
first two.
Syn\
Beautiful.
When used as a
word of praise, fine denotes " ?io ordinary thing or' its kind." It is not as strong
as beautiful, in reference to the single attribute implied in the latter but when
we speak of a fine woman, we embrace
more viz., all the qualities becoming a
woman breeding, sentiment, tact. &c.
The same is true of a fine garden, land-

5.

Not

scape, horse, poem, &c.

and the word,
though applied to a great variety of ob:

has still a very definite sense, denoting a high degree of characteristic

excellence, though not the very highest.
When used in dispraise, it denotes that
the fineness is carried to an extreme.
v.t.
1. [-ed;-ing.]
To make
fine
to refine.
2. To impose a pejects,

Conclusive
;

cate

n.

a.

fringed fimbria, fringe.] Bordered by

filiform _processes thicker than hairs.
FlM'BRI-ATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To

end

silver wire.

To make full.
To supply abundantly. S. To sat-

lan,

Fin'a-ble

of a thread.

FILL,

Fm'BRI-ATE,

father.
bote,

with filth morally impure.

Syx. Nasty foul dirty squalid
gross; impure; polluted.
FlL'TRATE, V.t. [-ED; -ING.] To
filed

ultimate.

o, silent

Final

cuniary penalty upon.

C, G, so/i; , G, Iiard ;

AS; EXIST;

n.

NasNG;

pay-

THIS.

FINE-DRAW
ment of money imposed
ment for an offense.
In fine, in conclusion by
;

FIT

166

as a punish-

way of termi-

FTre'-board,

Most eminent or exalted ^-arlv. Be

fore any thing else in time, space,
rank, &c.
A piece of wood
[eldest.
2. An incendiary. FIrst'-born, a. First brought forth
chimney-board,

n.
to close a fire-place.
FlRE'-BRAND, n. 1.

nation or summing up,

kindled or on fire.
FlNE'-DRAW, V.
The explosive car- FIrst'-floor, n.
t.
[-DRAWN.; FlRE'-DAMP, n.
1.
Iloor next
bureted hydrogen of coal-mines.
-drawing.] To sew up, as a rent,
above the ground-floor. [Eng.] 2.
FlRE'-EAT'ER, n. One who pretends
so that the seam is not perceived.
The ground-floor. [Amrr.]
hence, a fighting charac- FlRST'-FRUlT, n. [Usually in the pi.]
FIne'-drawn, p. a. Drawn out with
to eat fire
;

too

much

subtilty.

Fruits earliest gathered

ter.

the earliest

Fine'ly, adv. In a finished manner. FiRE'-EN'GlNEf-en'jin), n. An engine

results or profits of any action or
for throwing water to put out fires.
Fine'ness, n.
Quality of being fine.
position.
[mestic animals.
FIn'er, n. One who fines or purifies. FlRE'-FLY, n. A winged, luminous First'ling, n. First offspring of doinsect also, the female glow-worm.
FIrst'LY^ adv. In the first place.
FlN'EK-Y, n. 1. Decoration especially
showy or excessive decoration. 2. A Fire'lock, n. A gun-lock or mus- First'-RATE, a. Of the highest exket, discharged by striking fire with
cellence
refinery.
pre-eminent.
flint and steel.
Fisc, n.
FK-NEssE'ffT-ness/), n. [Fr. Cf. Fine[Fr.,from Lnt. fist \ basket, money-basket.] Treasury of a
ness.] Artifice; stratagem.
v.i. Fire'man (150), n. 1. A man whose
;

[-ED

-ING.]

To use

business

artifice.

FlN'uER,

n. [A. -S>., finger, fr.fangan,

to take or seize.] One of the extrem-

to help to extinguish fires

n.
Part of a chimney
appropriated to the fire; a hearth.
Proof against fire
a.
incombustible.
Fire'-sii JP, n. A vessel filled with com-

prince or state.
a.
Pertaining to the public
treasury.
n. A treasurer.
Fish, n. ; pi. fish'es, instead of
which the sing, is often used collectively.
[A.-S. allied to Lat. piscis.]
1
An animal that lives in water. 2.
An oviparous, vertebrate, aquatic animal, covered with scales, and breathing by means of gills.
3. Flesh of

burn an enemy's ships.

Aplacenear the fire;

fish. v. i.
[-ED; -ING]
1. To
attempt to catch fish. 2. To seek to

is

in towns.
2. A man who tends the
fires, as of a steam-engine.

of the hand, including or ex[-ED

v.t.
cluding the thumb.
-ING. J 1. To touch with the fingers
to handle.
2. To touch lightly.
3.

Fire'-new

To_pilfer.

FIre'-proop,

ities

Fin'ger-BOARD, n. Part of a stringed

instrument on which the fingers are
pressed to vary the tone.
n. A glass for water
to wet the fingers at the dinner-

FIv'Ser-glass,

n.
post with a finger pointing, for directing passengers.
yiN'ie-AL, a. [Yvomfine.] Affectedunduly particular.
ly fine
Svn.
Spruce; foppish.
One who is
spruce is elaborately nice in dress one
;

who is finical shows his affectation in

language and manner as well as dress
one who is foppish seeks to distinguish
himself by the cut of his clothes, the
tawdriness of his ornaments, and the ostentation of his manner.
FI'nis, n. [Lat.] An end conclusion.
FlN'ISH, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
;

To put
To be-

finire, fr. Jinis, limit, end.] 1.

an end to to terminate. 2.
;

stow the utmost labor upon.

n.
esp., the last,
That which finishes
hard, smooth coat of plaster on a wall.
;

Fin'ish-er,

n.

1.

One who

finishes.

machinist.

FI'NITE,

[Lat. fim'tits, p. p. of fia.

nire. See Finish.] Limited in quantity, degree, or capacity.

Fl'NlTE-LY, adv. Within limits.

FlN'NY, a. Furnished with, or pertaining to, fins.

Fresh from the

(-nu), a.

quite new.

Fire'-place,

bustibles to

Fire'side,

home

duty
of

is

An

7i.

officer

whose

Preparations

of gunpowder and other inflammable materials, for making explosions

fish.

ure of capacity equal to nine ale gal2. A small cask of indetermilons.

nate size. [Amcr.]
FIRM (18), a. [-ER; -EST.] [Lat. firvnus.] 1. Fixed; hence, closely com,

Not

easily excited or dis3. Solid. 4. Indicating firm-

pressed.

2.

turbed.

n.

dense; hard; steady;

constant.

[It.

firma, the (con/?w?ing)

The name, title, or style,

which a company transact

signature.]

under

hence, a partnership.
[Lat. firm amentum,
The sky heavens.
FiR'MA-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to
the firmament.
business

FlR'MA-MENT, n.

fv.firmvs, firm.]

the world."

the force of gunpowderK, E,

I,

6,fj,

Fish'-wIfe

(149), n.
cries fish for sale.

Fjsh'-wqm'an

by First

[A.-S., superl. of fore,

2.
1. Preceding all others.

(18), a.

before.]

Y,lon?; A,E,L,6jU,Y,sAort; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

ger), n.

sell-

(150),

A woman
[who

that

sells fish.

A woman

n.

Consisting of fish; fish-

Fisri'Y, a.

with

filled

fish.

Fi's'SlLE (fls'sil), a.
[L&t.fissilis, fr.
findere, to split.] Capable of being
split or cleft.
[sile.
Fis-siL'l-TY, n. Quality of being fisFIS'SION (flsh'un), ii.
A. cleaving,
splitting, or breaking up into parts.
Fis'sure (fish'yjr), n.
cleft
a longitudinal opening.

The hand with

F'isT, n.
[A.-S. fyst.]
v.t.
the fingers doubled.
[-ED ;
-ING.] To strike with the fist.
FiST'Pe, a. Pertaining to boxing ; pu-

gilistic.

Fist'1-cuffs, v pi. Blows, or a combat with the fists.

Fist'L'-la (fist/yu-la),??.; pi. FtsT'U-ZJE. [Lat.] 1. A reed hence, a
.

[vidingfish at fable.
A broad knife for di-

Fish'-SLICE,w.

for catching

State cf being fishy.

er offish.

like

Syn. Compact;

acting

[fish.

A hook

n.
v.

FiSH'MON / (iER(-mting

ness.

A weapon

in the air.

n.

One whose
(150), v.
occupation is to catch fish.
Fjsii'er-y, n.
1. Business of catching fish.
2.
place for catching

Fir'kin (18), n.
[A.-S.feover, four, Fish'hook,
and the dim. term. Arm.] 1. A meas- Iish'i-ness,

resolute

employed

is

in catching fish.

FIRE '-arm,

One who

n.

Fish'er-mAn

for fuel.

lied to the pines.

thority ] A decree of the Turkish or
FIRE, n. [A.-S. fyr, allied to Gr. irvp.]
other Oriental government.
[ily.
1. Combustion; state of ignition. 2.
Firm'ly, adv. Solidly closely steadFuel in a state of combustion a con- FlRM'NESS, n.
State of being firm
flagration.
3. Ardor of passion.
4.
fixedness stability certainty.
Liveliness and warmth of imaginaSyn. Firmness; constancy. Firmtion.
[-ED
v.t.
-ING.]
1. To
T>es belongs to the will, and constancy
set on fire to kindle. 2. To irritate,
to the affections and principles
the former
prevents us from yielding, and the
as
the passions. 3. To animate. 4.
,
latter from fluctuating.
Without firmTo discharge, as a gun.
v. i. 1. To
ness a mar) has no character; "without
take fire to kindle.
2. To be irriconstancy." says Addison, "there is
3. To discharge
tated or inflamed.
neither love, friendship, nor virtue in

guns.

Fish'er,

fires

FiRE'-wobD, n. Wood
FlRE'-WORK (-wfirk), n.

Fin'-toed, a. Having toes connected bv a membrane, as aquatic fowls. Fir'man, or Fir-man' (150), n. [Pers.
FIR (18), n. [A.-S. furh.] A tree alfierman, Skr. pramana, measure, au-

obtain by artifice.
v. t. 1. To draw
out or up.
2. To search as for fish.

life.

to direct in the extinguishing

n.

domestic

Fire'ward'jbn,

table.

Fin'ger-post,

2.

forge

Fiscal,

deep, narrow abscess.

Hollow li':e a pipe.
FlST'U LAR,
FlST'U LATE, v. i. To become a pipe
t.
To make hollow
v.
or fistula.
pipe.

2.

a.

like

a pipe.

1 Having the form

a.
or nature of a fistula. 2. Hollow like
a pipe.

FYsT'u-LOUS,

[-TER; -test,
feat, neat, well made.]

FIT,

WHAT; ERE,

a.

136.]
1.

[Cf.

Adapted

VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; S6N,

FITCH
to

an end,

able to a standard of duty, propriety, or taste.

appropriate
meet
Svx. Proper
becoming; apposite; adapted.

V.

[-TED

t.

-TING.]

1.

v.i.

2.

To

and

yielding.

or dejected.

feebleness.

2.

n.

To grow spiritless
To let fall into

2.

v. t, 1.

To

lay with flat stones.

[Allied to Ger. flack, flat.]

2.
stone used for paving.
[From flag, to hang loose.] An
3.
aquatic plant with long leaves.
[See Flag v. ?'.] An ensign a banner a standard.
FLAG'EL-LATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. flagellare, -latum, fr. flagellum,
whip, scourge.] To whip, to scourge.

sudden emis-

1.

flat

[the pole-cat.

variable spasmodic
Fit'ly, adv. Suitably properly.
FlT'NESS, n. Quality of being fit.
Fit'ting, n.
Any thing used in
;

Flag'el-la'tion,

Flag'eo-LET

of flaute, N.

n. [Fr., dim.
A small
Fr. flhte.]
wind-instrument, having a mouth-

a. & adv.
quintuple.

Five'fold,
peated

Five times re-

piece_at

v.i. 1. To settle or remain permanently. 2. To become firm or hard.

F'fx'A-BLE, a. Capable of being fixed.

Fix-a'tiox,

n.

1.

State of being
constancy.

Act of fixing.

2.

steadiness;
[tished; firin.
Settled; estabFlx'ED-LY, adv. In a fixed manner.
Fix'ed-ness, a.
state of being fixed
firmness steadfastness.
stability
FIx'lNG, n.
fixture
used chiefly
in the pi.
arrangements, embellishments, trimmings, &c. [Colloq. Am.]
Fix'i-ty, n. Fixedness coherence of
parts.

FIXED

fixed;

(fikst), p. a.

Weak;

1.

2.

flexible.

with

Fla-gi'tious (-jish'us^a.

the

[Lat. /7agitiosus, fr.flagitiwn, a disgraceful

2.
1. Shamefully criminal.
act.]
.

Guilty of enormous crimes.

A pavement or siden.
flag-stones.

Abounding
Insipid.
3.
plant called flag.

(ilaj / o-),

one end.

FLAG'GY,a.

&

Flagging,
walk of

kind of play with a

n. pi.
ball
so named because three Jives
are counted to the game.
position of embarrassment
Fix, n.
v. t. [-ED
predicament. [Colloq.]
Pg. fixar.
[Fr. fixer, Sp.
-ING.]
1.
It. fissnre fr. Lat. figere fixum .]
To make firm, stable, or fast. 2.
To hold steadily, or without moving.
to set to rights ; to
3. To adjust
put in order.
Syx.
To prepare place establish
Fix desettle; determine; arrange.
notes to set firmly, as, to. rix the eye on
some one his teeth were fixed ; and
hence arises the vulgarism to be in a
"fix," or a " bad fix." It is a gross error
to give this word the sense of arrange or
put in order, as, to fix a clock; to fix the
fire; to fix one's hair; to fix tip, &c.
This very common Americanism has no
sanction in English usage.

Syn. Atrocious

villainous;

profli-

gate.

Fla-gi'tious-ness,

Quality of
being flagitious extreme wickedness.
Flag'-6f'FI-9ER, n. Commander of
a squadron.
n.

Flag'ON,
prob.

fr.

sel.]

[Fr.flacon, for flascon,

Lat. vasculum, a small vesn.

vessel for holding

and con-

veying liquors.

[mity.
FLA'GRAN-CY, it. Heinousness enorFLA'GRANT, a. [hat.flagrans, p. pr.
1.
of flagrare, to flame; blaze.]
;

Flaming; burning.

2.

Notorious.

Raging.
3.
[manner.

FLA'GRANT-LY, adv. In a flagrant

FlaG'-ship, n. The ship which bears
the commanding officer of a squadwhich a

flag

(149), n.
is

Flag'-stone,
Flail,

hung.

1.

form
&c.

flat

for thresh-

[A.-S. flace, Lat. flocrus.]

flock scale.
2.
platof hurdles, for drying codflsh

n.
film

(fikst'yyir, 53), n.
1. That
3. A small changing stage or
which is attached to something as a
v.t.
scaffold.
[-EDj-iNG.]
To
permanent appendage. 2. Fixedness.
form into flakes.
v. i. To scale off.
Fizz,
Consisting of flakes.
\v.i.
[Ieel. fisa, to venti- FLAK'Y, a.
FTz'ZLE,
1. To FLAM'BEAU (flam/bof, n. ; pi. FL \M'late, Gr. 4>vaa.]
BEAUX,or FLAM'BEAUS (i'liim'boz).
make a hissing sound. 2. To bungle.
Fiz'ZLE, n.
[Fr., from Lat. flammvla, a little
A failure or abortive

Hxt'URE

[by.
State of being flabn.
FlXb'by, a. [See Flap.] Wanting
firmness ; flaccid.
effort.

Flab'BI-ness,

OR, do,

wol/, too, T0K>K;

flame.]
A flaming torch used in the
streets at night.
Flame, n. [Lat. flamina.] 1. Burniug gas
a blaze.
2. Burning zeal

fjRN, rue,

Fla-min'go,

n.

[From Lat. flam-

ma,

flame.]

bird

of a bright red color,

having long legs

and neck.
Flam-mif'er-ous,
[Lat. flammia.
fer, from flamina.,
flame, and/erre, to
Producing
bear.]
flame.

FLAM'Y,

Flamingo,

Flam-

a.

blazing

flame-like.
[See Flank.] Projecting edge, rib, or rim as of a car-wheel.
Flank, n. [Prob. from Lat. flaccus,
1. Fleshy part of the side
flabby.]
of an animal. 2. (Mil.) (a.) The side
of an army or of any division of it
(b.) Part of a bastion.
3. Side of
any building. v.t. [-ed -ing.]|
1. To stand at the flank or side of,
2. To command the flank of; to pasn
v.i.
around or turn the flank of.
[cloth.
To border to touch.

ing

n.

Flan'nel, 11. A soft, nappy, woolen

FLAP, n. [Allied to Lat. flaccus, flab1. Any thing broad and limber
by.]
that hangs loose. 2. Motion of any
thing broad and loose, or a stroke
it.
3. pi. (Far.) A disease in
[-ped
the lips of horses.
v. t.
-PING, 136.] 1. To beat with a flap.

witb

2.

as something broad and

v.i.
1. To move as wings.

To move,

loose.
2.

To

fall

and hang

Flap'-eared,

like

a flap.

Having broad,

a.

[cake.

loose ears.

Flap'jack, n. A sort of broad panFlap'per, ii. One who, or that which,

flaps.

Flare,
fr.

v. i.
[-ed: -ing.] [Contr.
Prov. Eng. flac Jeer, to flutter.] 1.

To burn or shine out unsteadily. 2.

n. An
To open or spread outward.

on Flare'-up,

l,a,t. flagellum,

An instrument

scourge.]
ing grain.

staff

[pavement.
stone for
whip,

n.

[From

n.

Flake,

1.

unsteady, broad, offensive light.

ron.

Flag'-staff

Flange,

fit-

A whipping

n.

a flogging.

Fit; appropriate.
ting up.
p. a.
Sum of four
[A.-S. fif.]
FIVE", n.
a.
Four and one added.
and one.

[Al-

136.]

to Lat. fiaccus, flabby, Goth.

tklapvus, soft, tender.] 1. To be loose

FfTCH, n. [Contr. of fi.tchet.] Fur of

Full of fits irregularly
FiT'FUL, a.

Fives,

flabbi-

flaccid;

lied

To burn with a blaze. 2. To break

out in violence of passion.
Fla'MEN, n. [Lat. so called from the
filum, or fillet around his head.]
(Rom. Antiq.) A priest devoted to
the service of a particular god.

3.
to.

[Prob. from the root

offight.] 2. A sudden and violent
hence, in gendisorder
attack of a
3. Any
oral, an attack of disease.
overpowering
attack. 4.
sudden and
5-

flabby.
State of being
n.

Flag, v. J. [-ged -ging,

adaptedness.

sion,

or passion fervency.
3. A sweetheart. [Colloq.]
V.i. [-EDJ-ING.]

ness.

2.

A passing humor.

FLAT

[Lat flaccidus, fr. flacYielding to pressure

cus, flabby.]
soft and weak

To be proper or becoming.
1. Adjustment;
n.
To suit.
1.

a.

Fla-cid'i-ty,
FlagnJid-ness,

make fit or suitable to qualify.

To bring into a required form.
To furnish duly to be suitable

Fla'CID,

167

object, or design. 2. Suit-

pull

E,

I,

o, silent

c, g, soft,-

-e,

FLASH,

n.

n.

A sudden

[i'v.fleche,

passion.

arrow, fromM.

H. Ger. vliz, arrow, bow.] 1. A sudden burst of light. 2. A momentary

brightness. 3. An instant. 4. Slang
language of thieves, robbers, &c.
a. Low and vulgar slang.
v.i. [-ED;
-ING.] To break forth, as a sudden
;

To
v. t.
flood of light or flame.
send out in flashes to convey by a
quick and startling motion.
Flash'Y, a. 1. Dazzling for a moment.
2. Showy; gaudy. 3. Insipid; vapid.
Flask, n. [A.-S. flasr, flaxa. See
FLAGON.] 1. A narrow-necked ves:

2. A powder-horn. 3.
(Founding.) A box containing the
sand that forms the mold.

sel for fluids.

Flat,

a.

flatr, 0.

[-ter -test, 136.] [Icel.

H. Ger.yfaz.] 1. Level with-

G, hard; A;

exist

as

ng this
;

FLAT-IRON
out inclination.
laid low

ruined.

Monotonous.

3.

Depressed dull. 5. Clear absolute downright. 6. (Mus.) (a.) Below the true pitch, (b.) Not sharp or
n. 1. A level surshrill not acute.
face. 2. A low, level tract of ground.
3. Flat part, or side, of any thing. 4.
A simpleton a numskull. 5. (Mus.)
A character [b] before a note, indicating a tone a half-step or semitone
4.

[-ted

lower. v.t.
To make flat
become

-TING,

to flatten.

or flattened.
(-Vurn), n.

flat

Flat'-Pron

smoothing cloth.
In a

Flat'ly, adv.

v.

136.]

i.

To

An iron

for

manner

frigidly : positively plainly.

Flat'ness, n. Quality of being flat.
FlrXT'T-ENtfiat'tn), o. t. [-e'd -ing.]

evenly

1.

To

level

down
3-

To make

pitch

make flat.

to

hence, to depress

of.

2.
;

To throw
to deject.

4. To lower the
To become even, de-

insipid.

v.

i.

below pitch.
[-ed; -ING.] [From

jected, dull, or depressed

Flat'ter,
flat

v.

t.

orig., to stroke,

?.

e.,

to

make

1. To gratify; to
flat, or smooth.]
coax. 2. To please by artful and in-

terested

commendation.

3.

To

please

with false hopes

I?l.at'ter-er, n. One who flatters.
JTLAT'TER-Y, n. Act of flattering.
Syn. Adulation obsequiousness.
Flat'u-lence,
State of being
n.
;

i'LAT'U-LEN-OY,

flatulent.

Flat'U-LENT,

a.
[From Lat. flatus,
2. Genera blowing.]
1. Windy.
ating wind in the stomach. 3. Tur-

gid with air.

i. [-ED
-ING.] [Cf. Goth.
flaulan, to boast.] To throw or spread
out ostentatiously.

Flaunt, r.
FLA'VOR,

n.

[0.

Eng. flayre, smell,

odor, fr. Lat. fragrare, to emit fragrance, changed into flagrare.] 1.

Odor fragrance. 2. Relish savor.
3. That which imparts a peculiar
[-ed; -ing.]
v. t.
odor or taste.
[taste or smell.
To give flavor to.
Pleasant to the
FLA'VOR-OUS, a.
LAW, n. [Cf. A.-S. flCh, fragment,
fv.flean, to flay.] 1. A bursting or
cracking a gap or fissure. 2. A sudden gust of short duration. 3. Any
defect made by violence or occasioned by neglect.
;

Syn. Blemish; imperfection.

[-ED; -ING.] To break;
v. t.
to violate.
to crack
FLAWY, a. 1. Full of flaws. 2. Sub-

ject to flaws or sudden gusts.

[A.-S. fleax, from

Fibrous

FLAXEN

part

bling flax.

I,

vein,

and to/at), a

Fleck,

a.

n.

spot

a streak

a speck-

[-ED; -ING.] [Ger.] To

to streak or stripe ; to dapple.
Flection, n. [See Flexion.] Act
cf bending, or state of being bent.
;

Fled, imp. &

p. p. of Flee
v.t. [-ed;-ing.] To supply with feathers.
[1 :dged.
Fledge'ling, n. A young bird just
Flee, v.
[imp.
p. p. fled.]
[A.-S. fleohan,fleon.] To run away,
as from danger or evil.
Fleece, n. [A.-S. fleos, flys.] 1.
Coat of wool shorn from a sheep at
one time. 2. Any soft woolly covering.
v. t.
[-ED
-ing.]
1. To
deprive of a fleece.
2. To rob
to

Fledge,

&

steal from.

Flee'cer, n. One wlo fleeces.

Flee'^y, a. Covered with, made

fliutr,

Swift

in

[-ed;

See Flit.]
nimble.
v. i.
swiftly;

fly

to

hasten.

Syn.

Not durable.

a.

Transient;

Tran-

transitory.

sient represents a thing as stiort at the

best; transitory as liable at any moment
to pass away. Fleeting goes further, and
represents it as in the act of taking its
flight. Life is transient

sitory ;

its

velocity

Flense,

v.

its

joysare tran-

hours are fleeting.

Fleet'ly, adv.
FLEET'NESS, n.

[Cf. Icel. flisia, to flay,

To cut up and obtain the

skin.]

blubber of

said of a whale.

n. [A.-S.flasc] 1. The muscles covering the frame-work of bones

in animals. 2. Aninml food; meat.
3. The human race
mankind. 4.
Human nature tenderness of feeling; carnality.
5. Soft, pulpy sub-ING.]
stance of fruit.
v. t. [-ED
1. To train by feeding flesh
hence,
2.

a.
[Lat, flexibiUs, from
flectere, to bend.]
1. Pliable: yielding to pressure. 2. Too easy and

compliant; wavering.
of being adapted.

murderous

as a

flesh,

To glut;

to

satiate;

hence, to accustom.

1.

Flax.

0,U,Y long; X ; 2ijj, 6,

Capable

3.

Syn. Pliant; tractable; manageable.

Flex'I-ble-Ness, n. Quality of being flexible.

[bent.
a.
Pliant; pliable; easily
1. Act of flexing or
n.
bending. 2. A part bent ; a fold.

Flex'ile,
Flex'ion,

FLEX'u-oCs

(ilek's-hij-),

a. [Lixt.flex-

uosus, fr.flexits, a bending.] Having

turns, windings, or flexures.
FLEX'URE (flek/shur), n. 1. A flexing
2. A turn
a bend.
or bending.
Flick'er, v. i. [-ED ; -ING.] [A.-S.
flyecerian, fliccerian, fr. flyege, c M e
;

FlI'ER, n.
a fugitive.

lightness; wildness.

FlTght'y

Fleeting;

1.

Volatile; giddy.

2.

swift.

a.

(fllt/y),

Flim'sy, a. [-er -est, 142.] [See

LlMSY.] Of loose and unsubstantial
;

without reason or plau-

sibility.

Syn.

Weak

shallow

ficial;

Flinch,

v.

blench.]

broken
ments.

super-

feeble; slight;

vain.

-ing.]
[-ed
To shrink; to wince.
i.

FLIN'DERS,

Flesh,

upon

Flex'I-ble,

structure

Swiftly rapidly.
Swiftness; rapidity;
speed.

celerity
t.

To

-ing.]

flower of the lily.] The

nia of France.
(flu), imp. of Fly.
Flex, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lut.fleotere,flexum.] To bend.
Flex'i-bil'i-ty, n. Quality of being
flexible
pliancy.

1. One who flies or flees

2. pi. Arms attached to
the spindle of a spinning-wheel. 3.
A straight flight of steps.
Flight (flit), n. [A.-S. fliht, flyht, a
flying, fr.fleogan, to fly.] 1. Act of
2. Act,
fleeing; hasty departure
mode, or style of flying. 3. A soaran extravagant sally.
4. A
ing
flock of birds flying in company. 5.
A reach of steps or stairs.
Flight'i-ness (fllt'i-), n. State of
being flighty.
Levity; giddiness volatility
Syn.

quick.

motion;

Fleet'ing,;?.

n. [Fr.,
royal insig-

[Icel.

Full

corpulent.

to fly.]
To flutter; to flap without
flying
to waver.

plump

of,

to smile to laugh often.] To deride

to sneer to mock.
v. t. To mock
to flout at.
n
Derision expressed
by words or looks.
[manner.
Fleer'ing-ly, adv. In a fleering
Fleet, n. [A.-S. fliet,flota, ship, fr.
navy or squadfled tan, to float.]
ron of ships.
a.
[-ER; -EST.]
;

of flesh

-est, 142.]

[Icel. flyra,

or resembling, a fleece.

FLEER, v.i. [-ed;-ing.]

;

[-ER

a.

FLEUR-DE-Llii{i\\}v'fe-\V),

n. pi.
pieces.]

[Cf.

[D. flenters, rags,

Small pieces frag;

&

p. p. flung.]
[Icel. fleygia.] 1. To cast or throw
3. To pros2. To emit.
to hurl.
trate hence, to baffle to defeat.

Fling,

v.

t.

[imp.

i.

1.

To wince

cast in the teeth.

2.

v.

sarcasm.

3.

to flounce. 2. To
throw.
1.
n.

kind of dance.

Flint,

[A.-S., allied to Gr. n-AtVn.

0os, brick.] A hard variety of quartz.
FLINT'Y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] Con-

Flesh'i-ness, n.
State of being
sisting
fleshv
plumpness corpulence.
Flesh'li-ness, n. Carnal passions FLIP, n.

Resem-

Seed of the

le. v.t.

2.

<j>\e\f/,

cutting.]

lancet.

not spirit

Carnal.

Flew

<i>Ae/36s,

not celestial

4.

A trihing wound or pain.

Fleam, n. [Gr. ^Ae^oro/u-oi', fr.
1._

of the

ual.

FLESH' Y,

weapon.

[flax-plant.
n.

Human

to strip off the skin of.

FLEA, n. [A.-S. fled, allied to Lat. puAn insect remarkable for its
lex.]
agility and troubleonie bite.
Flea'-bite, n. 1. The bite of a flea.

to use

broken and

(ilSks'n),

of flax.

FlXx'SEED,
L, E,

t.

To skin

flechten, to braid, plait.] 1.

plant, the fiber of the
bark of which is used for
making thread and cloth.

Made

Flay.tj.

same root with Ger.

plant, when
cleaned.

FLIPPANCY

Like flax of a light color.

[-ED -ING.] [A.-S.flean.]

FLAX, n.

2.

a.

the

FlXx'Y,

spot

flat

108

Prostrate; fallen

2.

of,

or resembling,

flint.

A mixture of beer and spirit

sweetened and heated by a hot iron.
and appetites.
FLESH'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the Flip'pan-cy, n. State or quality of
being flippant.
flesh. 2. Animal
not vegetable. 3.
;

U, Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, trm; PIQUE, FIRM; s6n

FLIPPANT
FlTp'pant,

Flit, v.

[-ted; -ting, 136.] [Dan.

?'.

See Fleet.]
flytte, to remove.
To fly away with a rapid motion.

1.

2.

pass rapidly from one place to another.

Flitch, 7i. [A.-S. flicce.] Side of a
hog salted and cured.

To

Float,?i. [A-.-S.fleot, river.] 1. Any

thing which floats. 2. A wooden instrument, with which masons smooth
plastering.
v.i. [-ed;-ing.] [A.S. fleotan, flotian, to float,

To

swim.]

on the surface of any fluid

v. t. 1. To cause
be buoyed up.
rest

to
to rest or

move on the

surface of a

To flood to inundate.
To smooth with a float.

fluid.

2.

3.

Any thing that

(45). n.
floats on_the water.
n. One of the boards

Float'-board,

on the rim of a steamer's paddle

wheels.

Float'er,ti. One who

floats or swims.
n.
bridge of

rafts or timber.

Floc'cil-la'tion,

[Lat. floccus,
v.
a lock of wool.] A delirious picking
of bed-clothes, as if to pick off locks
[flocculent.
of wool, &c.
Flo'U-lence, n. State of being
Floc'cu-lent, a. [Lat. floccus, a
lock of wool.] Adhering in flocks or
flakes.
Flock, n. [A.-S. flocc, flock, comcompany or collection
pany.] 1.
of living creatures, esp. sheep and
2.
Christian congregation.
birds.
v. i.
3.
lock of wool or hair.

To gather in compa-

[-ED; -ing.]
nies or crowds.

Flock'-bed,

bed

filled

with

flagrum, vrhip, fligere, to strike.] To

beat with a rod or whip to whip.
;

(fluid),

n.

[A.-S. flbd.

See

v. i.] 1. A body of moving

an inwater; a deluge; a freshet
undation. 2. The flowing in of the
abun3. A great quantity
tide.
t.
[-ed; -ING.] To
v.
dance.
overflow to inundate.

Float,

Flood'-gate,

n.
to let out water.

Flood'-mark,

n.

gate to stop or
[tide rises.

Mark

to

which the

FLOOR

(flor), n. [A.-S flZr,flore.] 1.

building. 2.
suite of rooms; a story. 3. Any plat-

Bottom of a room or
OR, DO,

W QLF,TOO, XOOK.J
r

Flo'ra, n. [Lat., fv.flos, flower.] 1.

The goddess of flowers. 2. Complete
system of vegetable species native in
a_ given locality, or period.
[ers.
Flo'ral (89), a. Pertaining to flow-

FLO-RES'^ENCE,

n.
[L&t.florescere,
flurescens, to begin to blossom.]
bursting into flower.
Flo'ret (89), n. [Dim. of La.t. flos,
flower.] A little flower
the separate
little flower of an aggregate flower.
Flo'ri-citlt'ure (53), n. [Lat. flos,
flower, and cultura, culture.] Cultivation of flowering plants.
Flor'id, a. [Lat. floridus, fromflos,
flower.] 1. Bright in color
of a
livelv red.
2. Excessively ornate.

Flo-rid'i-ty, n.
Freshness
or
Flor'id-ness,
brightness of color.
Flo-r'if'er-OUS, a. [Lat. flor ifer, fr.
)

flos, flower, andferre, to bear.] Producing flowers.

[Orig. a Florentine coin.]
coin of gold or silver, of different

values.

Flo'rist

(89), n.

cultivator

of

[LOUS.

flowers.

Fl6s'U-lar, a.
Flos'CULE, n.
of flos, flower.]
gregate flower.

Flos'ch-lous,

Same

as

Floscu-

[Lat. flosculus, dim.

floret of an ag-

a.

Consisting of many

tubulose, monopetalous florets.

Floss,

n.

1.

silken substance in the husks of

2. Untwisted filaments
maize, &c.
of silk.
Flo-ta'tion, n. 1. Act of floating.
2. Science of floating bodies.
FLO-TIL'LA, n. [Dim. of Sp..flola, a
fleet.] A little fleet, or a fleet of small
vessels.

FlojT'sam,

[Eng. float.] Goods

Flot'son,
lost by shipwreck, and
floating on the sea.
Flounce, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [0. Sw.
To spring or
flunsa, to immerge.]
twist with sudden effort to flounder.
v. t. To deck with flounces.
.
1. A sudden, jerking motion of the
2. [Cf. Ger. flaus, flvsch, a
body.
tuft of wool or hair.] An ornamental
strip or frill around the skirt of a
n.

fjRN,

lady's dress.

Floun'der,

n.

[-ed

-ING

[Ger.. f under.]
the halibut.
v. i.
[Allied to flounce.] To

flat fish, allied to

fling the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move to flounce.

n.
[See Flower.] Finely
;

Flour,

ground meal of wheat, or other

grain
hence, any fine and soft
powder, v.t. [-ed -ING.] 1. To
grind and bolt. 2. To sprinkle with
:

flour.

Flour'ish,

RUE, PULL

E,

v.
J,

i.

[-ed

O, silent

-ing.]

florescere, to
1.
flower.]

begin to bloom,

fr. flos.

To grow luxuriantly. 2.
To be prosperous. 3. To use florid
language. 4. To make bold sweeping, fanciful, movements. 5. To ex-

ecute an irregular or fanciful strain

of music.
v. t. 1. To embellish. 2.
To grace with ostentatious eloquence.
3. To move in bold or irregular figures
to brandish.
n.
1. Showy
splendor. 2. Ambitious copiousness,
or amplification.
3.
A fanciful
stroke, as of the pen. 4. A fantastic
or decorative musical passage. 5. A
brandishing.
Flout, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Cf. Goth.
flautan, to boast.]
To mock to

treat with contempt.

v. i.
n.
mock an insult.

Flow,
van,

v.

To sneer.

[-ed; -ing.]

i.

[A.-S. fto~

To move, as a

1.

~LaX.fiu.ere.]

liquid.
2. To glide smoothly
to issue forth. 3. To abound to be copious. 4. To hang loose and waving.
;

5. To rise, as the tide.

v. t.
To
cover with water to overflow.
n.
1. A stream
a current.
2. Any
gentle, gradual movement. 3. Abundance. 4. The setting in of the tide.

FLOWER

(flou'er), n.

[Lat. fios,fio-

Abloom

or blossom. 2. Fair
thing. 3.
A figure of speech. 4. pi. Bodies in
the form of a powder.
v. i. [-ED
-ING.] 1. To blossom to bloom. 2.
To come into the finest condition.
v. t. To embellish with flowers.
ris.]

est

1.

and choicest part of any

Flower-de-luce,
de-lis, flower

of the

several species.
Flow'er-et, n.

n.

[Fr. fleur-

lily.]

A plant of

A small

flower

floret.

[Lat. flos, flower.]

n.

locks of wool, or piece? of cloth.

FLOE, n. [Dan. flag.] An extensive
surface of ice floating in the ocean.
Flog, v. t. [-&ed -ging.] [Cf. Lat.

Flood

form.
4. {Legislative Assemblies.)
(a.) Part of the house assigned to
members, (b.) The right to speak.
v. I.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To cover
with a floor. 2. To lay level with
the floor hence, to put to silence.
Flop, v. t. [ped; -ping.] A different spelling of flap.] 1. To flap.
2. To let down the brim of.

Flor'in, n

Float'age

Float'ing-bridge,

FLUE

169

[Proy. Eng. flip, to

move nimbly.] 1. Toluble talka2. Pert
petulant,
[maimer.
tive.
In a flippant
FLIp'PANT-ly, adv.
Flip'PER, n. Paddie of a sea-turtle
broad fin of a fish.
Flirt (18), v. t. [-ed -m<z.] [Cf.
1. To
blurt, to throw at random.]
throw or fling suddenly. 2. To move
v. i. To play
playfully to and fro.
n. 1. A sudden jerk.
the coquette.
2. One who flirts a coquette.
Flir-ta'tion, n. 1. A quick, sprightly motion. 2. Playing at courtship
*
coquetry.
a.

[Lat.

[flowery.
n.
State of being
Flow'er-y (ilou'er-y),"- 1. Full of
flowers. 2. Highly figurative florid.
Flown, p.p. of Fly.
FLU'ATE,. [From fluor.]
salt
once supposed to be formed by fluoric acid combined with a base.
FLUCT'U-ATE, V.i.
[-ED
-ING.]
[Lat. flucl uare, -atum, from fl actus,

Flow'er-1-ness,

wave.] 1. To move as a wave.

To be irresolute or undetermined.

Syn. To waver;

vacillate.

2.

Fluctu-

applied both to things and persons,

that they move as they are
The stocks .fluctuate; a
fluctuates hetween conflicting influences.
Vacillate and waver apply
only to persons, and represent them as
acting themselves.
man vacillates
when he goes backward and forward in
ate

is

and denotes

acted upon.

man

hisopinions and purposes, without any

fixity of mind or principles.
A man.
wavers when he shrinks back or hesitares at the approach of difficulty or
danger.
FLUCT'U-A'TION, n.
Unsteadi1.
ness a sudden rise or fall. 2. Undulation.
FLUE, n.
[Cf. 0. Ft. flue, a flowing,
;

A passage fo
2. ( Steampassage surrounded by
water, for the gaseous products of
combustion. 3. [Cf. B.flauw, weak.]
Soft down, fur or hair.
fr.fluer, to flow.] 1.
cai-rying away smoke.
boilers.)

C,G,q/i; ,G,liwd-- As; exist;

psNC-; THIS

FLUENCY
FLU'EN-CY,
ent

smoothness

FLU'ENT,

volubility.
[Lat. Jluere, fluens, to

a.

Liquid gliding current.

2. Voluble; copious;
hence, flowing smooth.
flow.]

1.

FLU'GJEL-MAN

FOLIO

170

Quality of being flu-

n.

(flj/gl-man), n.

[Ger.

axis of a conic section. 3. A central

To agitate to disorder.
point.
n. 1. Quick and irregulai motion.
Fod'DER, n. [A.-S. fodher, /Odder
2L Tumult confusion.
a. [hat. fluvialis, and
Flu'vi-al,
food.]
Food given to cattle, horses,
Flu'VI-at'ic, ) fluviaticus, fr. fluciand sheep.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] To

quickly.

2.

Belonging to, or living

streams or ponds.

us, stream.]
in,

[Lat. fluviatilis,
flugehnann fr. fl'ugel, file, and mann, Flu'vi-A-tile, a.
man.] Leader of a file a fugleman.
fr.fluvius, river.] Belongiug to, exSlu'ID, a. [L&t.fluidus, fv. fluere, to
isting in, or formed by, rivers.
flow.]
Capable of flowing.
n.
A Flux, n. [Lat. fluxus, fr. fluere, to
flow.] 1. Act of flowing
quick sucbody whose particles move easily
cession. 2. The matter which flows.
among themselves.
4. A subFlu-id'i-ty, n. Quality of being fluid.
3. State of being liquid.
[L. Ger. flunk, flunka,
stance used to promote the fusion of
?LUKE,n.
wing.] 1. Part of an anchor which
metals. 5. Discharge of a fluid from
v.t.
the bowels or other part.
fastens in the ground. 2. One of the
[-ed -ing.] To fuse.
points of a whale's tail.
Flux'ion (fluk'shun), n. 1. Act of
Flume, n.
[A.-S. flum, a stream
Lat. flumen, from fluere, to flow.] A
flowing. 2. The matter that flows.
3. pi. (Math.) A method of analysis.
passage or channel for the water that
,

drives a mill-wheel.
n. [W. llymry, llymru,
oatmeal steeped until sour, boiled,
and eaten with milk llymrig, harsh,
1.
light kind of food, forcrude.]
merly made of flour or meal. 2.
Mere flattery nonsense.
Flung, imp.
;?. p. of Fling.

FLUM'MER-Y,

&

[Prob. fr. flank.] 1. A

livery servant. 2. One who is obsequious or cringing.

v.t.

FLY'-eATCH'ER, n. 1. One who hunts

flies.
2.
One of several species of

commotion.

2.
v.

t.

-ING, 142.] To agitate to excite or alarm.

Flush, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Cf. o. II.
Ger. fliuzan, to flow.] 1. To flow
and spread suddenly. 2. To turn
red; to blush. 3. To shine suddenv.t. 1. To redden
to glow.
ly
suddenly. 2. To make red or glow-

[-ED

To

ing. 3.

elate

to elevate.

sudden flowing.

2.

n. 1.

rush of

a.
blood to the face a blush.
1.
glowing
bright. 2. AffluFresh
ent liberal
prodigal. 3. Forming
a continuous surface.
;

Flus'ter,
bluster.]

with

t.
[-ed .-ING.]' [Cf.
To make hot and rosy, as

v.

drinking

to

fusion

FLUTE,

n.

confuse.

Heat or glow, as from drinking

con-

disorder.
[From Lat. flatus, a blown.
;

Same

n.

as

FETUS.

Fog,

n.
1. [Ice), fok, fl'uk.] Watery
vapor precipitated in the lower part
of the atmosphere. 2. [W.Jfu-g, dry
grass.] A second growth of grass. 3.
Long grass that remains in pastures
till winter.
[-ged; -ging,
v. t.
To envelop, as with fog.
136.J

FoG'uI-LY, adv. U ith fog darkly.

Fog'gI-NESS, v. State of being foggy.
FoG'GY,a. [-er; -est, 142.] [From
;

2. To float or move in
the air, as clouds, &c. 3. To move
rapidly like a bird. 4. To attempt to
escape to flee. 5. To burst in pieces.

with wings..

Flu'or-spar, n. See Fluor.

FLUR'RY,n. 1. A sudden gust.
;

TUS,

3.

the extreme end.

4. A contrivance
to equalize motion or accumulate
power in a machine.
Fly'-blow, n. Egg of a fly. v. t.
To deposit an egg in, or upon, as a fly.

Violent agitation

F(F.'

An enemy. 2. A national
An opponent.
An enemy in war(150), n.

1.

enemy.

[Lat. .fr. fluere, to flow.]

n.

hate.]

Foe'man

A mineral of beautiful colors.

Flu-6r'I. a.
Pertaining to, or obtained from, fluor-spar.
Flu'or-ine, n.
An element related
to both chlorine and oxygen.

FLU' OR,

feed, as cattle, with dry food.

n.
[A.-S. fa, fah, from feon, to

FOE,

FLUX'ION-AL,
a.
Pertaining to
1. Filled with fog; cloudy;
fog.]
Flux'ion-a-ry,
fluxions variable.
jnisty. 2. Darkened
dull obscure.
[imp.
flew; p. p. Fo'GY ; n. [A dim. of folk. Cf. D.
Fly, v. i.
flown.] [A.-S.fleogan.] 1. To move
volkje.]
A person behind the times

To cause to fly.
insect of various
2.
kind
species.
of light carriage.
3. Part of a flag from the union to

FlBnk'y,??.

n.

1.

To avoid.

1.

A winged

2.

birds.

or

[flies

flees.

FLY'ER, n. One who, or that which,

Fly'ing-ar-tTl'ler-y, n. Artillery
trained to very rapid evolutions.

Fly'ing-butVtress,

n.

a conservative.

F6'gY-iM, n. Principles and conduct of a fogy.

An exclamation of contempt poh fy.

Foi'ble,?i. [See Feeble.] A failing a weak point a frailty.
FOIL, v. t. [-ED -ing.] [Fr. fouler,
Foil, interj.

To
to trample, to oppress, ruin.]
frustrate; to defeat; to balk.
n.
blunt sword used in
1. Defeat.
2.
fencing.
3. [From Lat. Joliuw, pi.
thin leaf of metal under a
folia.]
precious stone to increase its brilliancy hence, any thing which serves
to set off another thing to advantage.

4.

A rounded

or leaf-like ornament,

in windows, niches, &c.

Foist, v. t. [-ed -ing.]

[Prob. fr.
Fr. fausser, to falsify. See False.]
To insert surreptitiously to inter;

curved

brace or half arch between a part cf

a building and the opposite face of
some lower part.
n.
A fish which can
sustain itself in the air for a short
time, by means of its fins.
Fly'ing-squir/rel (-skwuVril or
-skweVril). n. A squirrel having an
expansive skin on eaGh side, by which
it^Ls borne up in leaping.
Fly-leaf, n. A blank leaf at the
beginning or end of a book.
Fly'- wheel, n. See Fly, ., 4.
Foal, n. [A.-S. fola.] A colt or filly.
v.i. To bring forth young, as a

FLY'iNG-FfsH,

liorse.

polate.
n. [A.-S. feald, fold, from fealdoubling; a
1.
dan, to fold up.]
3.
2. Times or repetitions.
fold.

Fold,

That which is folded together, or

which infolds. 4. A sheep-pen.
1. To lay in
[-ED -ING.]
v. t.

2. To inclose
to double.
3. To conwithin folds to infold.
fine in a fold.
Fold'er, n. One who folds a flat
jnstrument for folding paper.
Fo'LI-A'ceous. a. [Lat. foliaeevs. fr.
foliuw, leaf.] 1. Belonging to leaves.
2. Consisting of leaves or thin 1am-

plaits

(Mus.) A wind instrument, Foam, n.

jnse.
Bubbles on
[A.-S.fdm.]
[Lat. folium, leaf.]
with holes along its length. 2. A
the surface of liquors froth spume. FO'LI-AGE, .
!'. i.
Leaves as produced or arranged by
channel in a column or pillar. 3. A
[-ED: -ING.] 1. To froth. 2.
'
nature.
similar channel in wood or other
To become filled with foam.
work.
-ING.] To form F5am'y, a. Covered with foam frothy. Fo'li-ATE, v. t. [-ED; -ing.] To
v. t. [-ED
flutes or channels in.
spread over with a thin coat of tin
Fob, n. A little pocket for a watch.
[leaves or plates.
and quicksilver.
Flut'ING, n. A channel or furrow in
v.t. [-bed -bing. 13*).] [Ger.
a column or a ruffle:
[flute.
To cheat to FO'LI-A'TION, n. Act of forming into
foppen. Cf. Fop.]
[Lat. folium,
Flut'JST, n.
Fo'Ll-O (or 1'oPyo), n.
A performer on the
trick.
1.
A sheet of paper once
Flut'ter, v. i. [-ed -ing.]
leaf.]
Belonging to a focus.
[0. Fo'-gal, .
2. A book made of sheets of
folded,
1. To move or flap
Gev.fladdern.]
F6'US. n. ; Eng. pi. fo'US-es Lat.
paper each folded once. 3. A page
the wings rapidly. 2. To move with
pi. FO'fi. [Lat., hearth, fire-place.]
quick vibrations. 3. To move irin a book. 4. A certain number of
1. A point in which rays of light
a. Formed of
regularly.
v. t.
1.
words in a writing.
To vibrate
meet. 2. A point on the principal
ing.]

1.

A, I,

I,

0,U,Y, long;

^. ;

J,6,U,
;

?, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; EKE, VEIL, XlEM; PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

FOLK
sheets

as

folded so

Folk

(iok), n. ; pi. folks (ioks, 20).

[A.-S. folc] People in general.
F6l'li-LE, n.
[Lat. folliculus, a
1. (a.)
small bag, husk, pod.]

without sense or judgment.

Fool'-hard'y, a. Daring without
judgment.
Syx. Rash; venturesome ventur;

ous; precipitate; headlong; incautious.

simple pod opening down the inner
suture, (b. A vessel distended with Fo~OL'ISH, a. 1. Void of understand2. A gland.
ing weak in intellect.
2. Exhibitair.
ZTOL'LOW, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
ing a want of judgment. 3. Ridiculous despicable.
[ner.
folgian.] 1. To go or come after. 2.
To strive to obtain. 3. To accept as Fool'ish-ly, adv. In a foolish manauthority. 4. To copy after. 5. To FoOL'ISH-NESS, n. 1. Quality of being foolish. 2. A foolish practice.
succeed in order of time, rank, or
result from.
[From an old wateroffice.
6. To
7. To Fools'-cap, n.
watch, as a receding object. 8. To
mark of a fooVs cap and bells.] A
long
writing
upon
closely.
folio
paper.
attend
To pursue. To follow (v. t.) Fo~OT, n. ; pi. FEET. [A.-S. fdt, pi.
Srw.
denotes simply to go after; to pursue deallied
to Gr. ttovs, ttoSo?.] 1. Part
fit,
notes to follow with earnestness, and
of a leg below the ankle. 2. Any
with a view to attain some depnite obthing
which resembles an animal's
ject; as, a hound pursues the deer.
foot.
3. Lowest part or foundation.
in the
v. i. To go or come after
4. A measure of twelve inches.
5.
senses
of
the
transitive
various
verb.
Foot-soldiers
the infantry.
6. A
Syx. To succeed.
To follow (v. *.)
combination of syllables constituting
means simply to come after: as, a crowd
an element of a verse.
v. i. [-ED
followed ; to succeed means to come
-ING.] 1. To dance. 2. To walk.
after in some regular series or succession
as, day succeeds to day, apd night to
v. t. 1. To kick. 2. To tread. 3. To
night
sum up, as numbers in a column.
)

Fol'low-er,
2.

n. 1. One who follows. Foot'-BALL, n.

An inflated ball,
The cover of a piston. 3. The
kicked about in sport.
of a machine that receives mo- FooT'-BOY,n. An attendant in live-

part,

tion from another part.

[ing.

ry

a footman,

[for foct passengers.

Fol'LOW-ing. a. Succeeding ensu- Foot'-brTdge, n. A narrow bridge

Fol'ly, h. [See Fool.] 1. State of FoOT'FALL.n. A footstep.
being a fool want of good sense. 2. Fo"ot'-guards (-giirdz), 7i.pl. Guards
;

FORCIBLY

171
make two FqbL'ER-Y, n. Practice or act of folly.
Courage
FooL'-HARDa-NESs, n.

to

in search of food.
v.
pro visions for horses.

t.

To

strip or

One who forages.

Fo-RA'MEN,n.; pi. FO-RAM'I-NA.

For'A-ger,
[Lat.,

fr.

opening

n.

forare, to pierce.] A little

a perforation.
conj.
In considerabecause that;
with as.

FOR'Ag-MtrcH',
tion of

Fo-RAY', or For'ay,

n.

sudden

incursion in a border war.

For-bXde' (-bad/), imp. of Forbid.
FOR-BEAR', V. i. [imp. FORBORE
p.p. FORBORNE ] [A.-S. forbcran.]
;

1.

2.

To delay. 2. To refuse; to decline.

v..t. 1. To avoid; to abstain from.
To indulge to bear with.
;

Forbear' AN^E,
patience.
bearing.

Syx.

1. Exercise of
n.
Quality of being for-

2.

Abstinence;

lenity; mildness.

v. t. [imp. forbade p.p.

FORBIDDEN (FORBID, obs).] [A.-S.

For-bTd',

To command not to
prohibit.
2. To oppose
to

forbeodan.]

do

to

1.

obstruct.

For-bid'ding,

Repelling

aprepulsive disagreeable.
p. of Forbear.
Lat. forcia,fortia, fr.
Lat. fortis, strong.] 1. Strength or
energy of body or mind, esp. power
to persuade, convince, or impose obligation.
2. A body of land or naval
combatants; hence, a body of men
prepared for action in other ways. 3.
Violence
4. Validity
efficacy.
Strength
Syx. Strength.
looks
rather to power as an inward capability
or' energy; e. g., the strength of timber,
bodily strength, mental strength, strength
of emotion, &c, while force looks more
to the outward, as the force of momentum, force of circumstances, force of
habit, &c.
We do, indeed, speak of
strength of will and force of will but
even here the former may lean toward
the internal tenacity of purpose, and the
latter toward the outward expression of
it in action.
But, though the two words
do in a few cases touch thus closely on
each other, there is, on the whole, a
marked distinction between our use of
force and strength.

proach

p.

a.
;

FOR-BORNE', p.
FORCE, n. [L.

foolish act.
V. t.

of infantry.

Fo-MENT',

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. FdOT'-HOLD, n. That on which one

fomentare, from /omentum a warm
may tread or rest securely.
lotion.] 1. To apply warm lotions to. Fo"bT'ING, n.
1. Firm foundation to
2. To encourage; to abet.
stand on. 2. Relative condition. 3.
FO'MEN-TA'TION, W. 1. (Med.) (a.)
Sum total.
Act of fomenting,
(b.) Lotion ap- Fo~OT'-LlGHT (-lit), n.
One of a row
plied to a diseased part.
2. Instigaof lights at the front of the stage in
tion
encouragement.
a theater, &c.
Fo-MENT'ER, n. One who foments.
Fo~OT'MAN(150), n. A male servant to
Fond, a. [-ER; -est.] [For fanned,
attend the door, carriage, table, &c.
p. p. of 0. Eng. fonne, to be foolish, FobT'-NOTE, n.
A note of reference
,

to dote.] 1. Foolishly tender and

loving in a good sense, loving tender. 2. Relishing highly.
FOND'LE (fdnd'l), V. t. ["-ED -ING.]
[See Fond.] To treat with tenderness to caress.
[fondled.
Fond'ling, n. A person or thing
FoND'LY, ado. Foolishly tenderly.
Fond'ness, n. Affection; kindness.
FONT, n. [Lat. forts, fountain.] 1. A
fountain a spring. 2.
baptismal
basin.
3. [From Lat. fundere, to
;

at the foot of a page.

n. A slow pace or step.

Fo'OT'-PACE,

Foot'-PAD,

Fop'pish,

[A.-S.

foda, from fedan, to

Victuals
provisions.
2.
Any thing that sustains or nourishes.
Syx.
Aliment
sustenance nutriment; fare; meat.
.1.

[Of Celtic origin.]

1. An
idiot; a natural.
2. A simpleton a
dunce.
3. A professional jester or

Po"OL,

n.

buffoon.
v. i.
act like a fool

To make
of; to

To

[-ed:-ING.]
;

foolish

to trifle.
2.

impose upon.

v.

t.

To make a

1.

fool

v.t. [-ED; -ing.] 1. To constrain

to do, or to forbear. 2. To do violence to especially, to ravish. 3. To
capture by assault. 4- To inipel,
dr.ive, extort, &c, by violence.
5.

To produce by unnatural effort.

Syx. To compel; oblige; necessitate; coerce; drive; press; impel.

Force'-MEAT,

[For

n.

farce-meat,

POOD,

n.

Stalk of a

FoP'PER-Y,

feed.]

A highwayman.
A trace or footstep.
n.
A sol-

leaf or of a flower.
Fo"OT'STEP, h. Mark of the foot;
hence, token visible sign.
Fo~ot'stoo l ,n.
stool for the feet.
Fop, n. A gay, trifling fellow a cox-

A complete assortment of
printing type of one size and style.
Font'AL, a. Pertaining to a fount.
cast.]

Fo"OT'-PRlNT, n.

FobT'-SOL'DIER (-sohjer),
dier who serves on foot.
Fo"bT'STALK (-stawk), n.

comb

a dandy.

a fop.

2.

Behavior or dress of

n. 1.

Folly

impertinence.

a.
Tain of dress affected
manners.
[ner.
Fop'pisH-Li". adv. In a foppish manOR, prep. [A.-S.] In the place of:
;

in

instead of: because of; with respect

to
in the direction of; during, &c.
1. Because.
2. Since.

conj.
;

FOR'AGE,

n.

[L. Lat.

foragium, from

0. H. Ger. fuotar,fotar, Eng.fodder.]

1. Act of providing food.
2. Food
of any kind for horses and cattle.
v.i. [-ED; -ING.] To wander or rove

or.do, woLF.TOOiT.OOK; Orn, RUE, pyLL

jb, I,

Meat chopped
and highly seasoned.
For'CEPS, n. [Lat.] A pair of pincers
fr.

o,silcnt

c, Q,soft;

-e,

Fr. farce, stuffing.]

fine

or tongs
especially one for delicate
operations.
;

For'cer, n. One who forces.

FOR'CI-BLE, a. 1. Possessing or characterized by force.
2. Marked by
excessive force. 3. Using force against
4. Obtained bjT comopposition.
pulsion.
Syx. Violent; powerful; efficacious-

strong: potent; coPr<mt.

FOR'CI-BLY adv.
,

ner

In a forcible man-

strongly.

H, hard; As;

exjst

as

ng

this.

;;

FORCING-PUMP
For'cing-pOmp,

used to throw water to a distance.

[A.-S., allied to faran, Eng.
n.
fare.] 1. A place where water may
2. A stream; a
be passed on foot

Ford,

[-ED;-ING.] To
t.
[forded.
by wading.

current,
v.
pass through

Ford'a-ble,

Capable of being
[A.-S. fore. See For.] Ad-

J?ORE,a.
vanced in place, time, order, or series
much used in composition. adv.
In advance at the front.
FORE'-ARM, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To

arm

before the time of need.

n.

The lock of hair that

n.

jjrows from the forepart of the head.

First or chief man,
as of a jury or a body of workmen.
Fore'mast, n. Forward mast of a
vessel, _or the one nearest the bow.
Fore 'most, a. First in place or

Fore'man (150), n.
,

[name.

order.

a.

FORGIVENESS

172

A kind of pump F5re'l6ck,

n.

F5RE'NAME,n.
Fore'noon, n.

or Christian

first

Part of the day from

morning to noon.
FO-REN'SI,
a. [Ln,t. forensis, fr.
Fo-ren'sic-al,
forum, a public
)

place, market-place, court.] Belonging to courts or to public discussion

Part between the elbow and wrist.

Fore-bode', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1.
_and debate argumentative.
To foretell to prognosticate. 2. To FORE'-OR DAIN', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To ordain beforehand; to predestihave an inward conviction of, as of an
;

jm pending

calamity.

Fore-bod'er,

forebodes.
Fore-cAst', v. t. or i. [imp. & p. p.
FORECAST.] 1. To contrive before-

hand;

to scheme.

Fore'cAst,
ance.

To

2.

1.

71.

foresee.

Foresight.

2.

Fore'cas-tle

Fore-or'di-na'tiox,
appointment

The forn.
a vessel, under the

(-kfls-sl),

predestination.
Fore'part, n. The part most adjanced anterior part.
Fore-run', v. t. [imp. foreran p.
1. To run before;
p. forerun.]
to precede.
2. To announce.
Fore-RUN'ner, ii. A messenger sent
before a harbinger hence, a prognostic.
;

n.

upor out
Fore-clos'URE

v.

to preclude
to bar.
(-klozh'ur), n.
Act

is

sail

on a yard which

supported by the foremast.

Fore-see',

[imp.

t.

foreseen.]

To

foresaw; p.
see beforehand

of foreclosing
deprivation of the
right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.
Fore'fa-t-her. n. An ancestor.

Fore-SEER',_m.

One who

Fore-fend',

FORE-SHAD'OW,

v.

[-ed;-ing.] 1. To
2. To defend

v.t.

fend off
to avert.
to guard.
;

FORE'FTN-GER(-fTng-^er),
next to the thumb.

FORE'FOOT

(150), n.
feet of an

Finger

n.

One of the

1.

anterior
animal. 2. A
piece of rimber which terminates the
keel at the fore-end.
[place.
Fore'front, n.
Foremost part or
FORE-GO', V. t. [imp. FOREWENT
p. p. foregone.] 1. To quit to
relinquish.
2. To give up; to resign to renounce. 3. To precede.
Fore'ground, it. Part of the field
of a picture which seems to lie nearest the spectator.
FoRE'HAND-ED,a. 1. Early; timely;
seasonable.
2. In easy circumstan;

p.

to foreknow.

[Amer.]

Fore'head
of the face

Upper part

the brow.

FOR'EIGN
us,
1.

fr.

(roVin), a. [L. Lat. foraneLat. /bras, foris, out of doors ]

Not native

alien.

Remote

2.

not pertinent or appropriate.

Fore-show',

showed

v.

[imp.

t.

fore-

p. p. foreshown.] To
show or exhibit beforehand.
FORE'SIGHT (-sit), n. 1. Act or pow;

er of foreseeing

knowledge.

2.

Fore'skin, n

prescience

fore-

Wise forethought.
Skin that covers the

glans penis.

For'est,

[From Lat.

11.

foris, foras,

out of doors, abroad, because forests

are out of, or beyond, towns.] An
extensive wood in the United States,
_a wood of native growth.
[-ed: -ing.]
Fore-stall', v. t.
[A.-S.foresteallan.
See Stall.] 1.
To take beforehand. 2. To exclude
hinder, or prevent, by prior occupa-

3.

Ex-

tion.

Syn. To anticipate;

cluded.

Syn.

-ING.]

Outlandish; exotic; extrinsic.

preoccupy; mo-

nopolize; engross.

FoR'ElGN-ER(ifor / m-).n. One who be- FORE-STALL'ER, n. One who forecine who purchases provisions
longs to a foreign country an alien.
stalls
For'eign-ness (fur'in-nes, 109), n.
before they come to the fair or marRemoteness; want of relation.
ket, with a view to raise the price.
PORE-KNOW (-no 7 ), V- t- [imp. FORE- F6r'est-er,?7. 1. One who has charge
;

KNEW

p. p.

FOREKNOWN.] To

have previous knowledge

Fore-kn6wi,'edge
pens

it

n.

Fore-taste', n.

hap-

head-land.
A, E, 1,6,15, Y,long;

of a

promontory

A taste

beforehand

anticipation.

taste before

FORE-T.ELL',

A^^O^l!^, short

To tell before occurTo utter prediction.

n. One who predicts.

i.

(-thawt), it.
1. An
ticipation
prescience. 2. Provident
care forecast.
;

F6re-tok'N,

t.
[-ed -ing.] To
Prognostic.
One of the
teeth in the forepart of the mouth.
Fore'top, n. 1. Hair on the forepart of the head. 2. Platform at tlio
head of the foremast.
FOR-EV'ER, adv.
1. To eternity
eternally. 2. At all times.
GST" In England, for and wer are usually printed as two separate words.
Syn. Constantly incessantly ; al-

v.

n.

Jbreshow.

Fore'-tooth

t.

[-ED;-ING.] To

to anticipate.
[imp.
v. t.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

(150), n.

perpetually

ceaselessly

inter-

minably; endlessiy.

Fore-warn',

v.

t.

warn beforehand

[-ed -ing.] To
to inform previ;

ously.

For'feIt,

a.
Lost for an offense or
liable to penal seizure.
n.

crime;

[Fr. forfait, L. Lat. forisfactum, fr.

Lat. foris, out of doors, abroad, and

Thing lost by a
facer e, to do.]
crime or offense hence, fine: penalv.t. [-ed; -ing.] To lose, or
ty.
lose the right to, by some fault, of[forfeited.
fense, or crime.
For'feit-a-ble, a.
Liable to be
Fok'feit-ure (53), it. 1. Act of for;

Syn.

That which

2.

Fine

mulct

forfeited.

is

amercement.

For-GAVE', imp.

of Forgive.
Forge, n. [Lat. fabrica, work -shop
of &faber, or smith.] A place where
iron is wrought by heating and hamv. t.
a smithy.
[-ED
mering
-ING.] 1. To form by heating and

hammering.

produce. 3.

to

To form in any way

To make falsely.

2.

Syx. To fabricate;

counterfeit; feign;

falsify.

To commit forgery.
_
FOR'UER, n. One who forges; a
v.

i.

fab-

ricator; esp.,one guilty of forgery.

11.
1. Act of forging or
2. That which is
counterfeiting.

FOR'GER-Y,
forged.

FOR-GET',

V.

[imp.

t.

FORGOT

FORGOTTEN.]

FORGOT,
forgetan,

fr.

p.p.

[A.-S.
get.]

for said getan, to

2.
lose the remembrance of.
to neglect.
slight
a.
1. Apt to forget.
neglectful.
2. Heedless
For-Cet'ful-ness, n. 1. Quality of
1.

To

To

FOR-GET'FUL,
;

being forgetful. 2. Loss of remem3. Careless

brance or recollection.
[forgiven.
omission.
For-iv'a-ble, a. Capable of being
For-give', v. t. [imp. forgave;
p. p. FORGIVEN.] [A.-S. forgifan,
from for and gifan, to give.] 1. To
cease to impute to pardon. 2. To
;

absolve.

FOR-GIVE'NESS,

1. Act of forgiv2. Willingness to forgive.

ForgiveSyn. Pardon remission.
ness is Anglo-Saxon, and pardon Norman-French, both denoting to giceback.
Forgive points to inward feeling, and

n.

ing.

F5RE'TASTE,r.

prescience.
n.

An 'inhabitant

2.

forest.

(-nol'ej),

Knowledge of a thing before

Fore'lXnd,

of a forest.

of.

v.

Fore'thought

feiting.

foresees.

[-ED

typify beforehand.
FORE-SHORT'N, V~ t. [-ED; -ING.]
To shorten by representing in an obJique position.
Fore-short'N-ing, n. Representation or appearance of objects, when
_yiewed obliquely.

(forced), n.
;

t.

To shadow or

ces.

ward part of
jieck, where the sailors live.
Fore-cIt'ed, a. Cited before or above.
FORE-CLOgE', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To Fore'SAIL,
shut

Previous

it.

Previous contriv-

ence.

Fore-tell'er,

ways

nate.

One who

n.

foretold

supposes alienated affection when we

& p. p
WHAT ERE, VEIL, TERM PIQUE, FIRM; SON,
;

;;

FORGIVER

FOKWARD

173

ask forgiveness, we primarily seek the

removal of anger. Pardon looks more
to outward things, or consequences,
and is often applied to trifling matters,
as when we beg pardon for interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a
crowd. The civil magistrate also grants
& pardon, and not forgh-eness. The two
words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished from each other in most cases
which relate to the common concerns of
lite.

FOR-GTV'ER, n. One who pardons.

For-giv'ing, p. a. Disposed to for-

Form'al-ly, adv. In a formal man- FOR-TI-ETH,

FORTY. J

a. [See

I.

Fol'

lowing the thirty-ninth.

2. Being
one of forty parts of a thing.
n.
One of forty equal parts into which
shape, or being, to. 2. Structure;
one whole is divided.
construction. 3. Series of rocks beFor'TI-FI-CA'tion, n. 1. Act of fortilonging to an age, period, or epoch.
fying.
2. A fortified place.
FoRM'A-TiVE, a. 1. Giving form;
plastic. 2. [Gram.) Derivative; not
Syn. Fortress castle citadel.
n.
(Gram.) (a.) That F6r'ti-fy,v. t. [-ed; -ing, 142.] [Lat
radical.
which serves merely to give form.
fortificare,fr. fortis, strong, and fa(b.) A word formed in accordance
cere, to make.]
1. To add strength
with some rule or usage.
to to strengthen. 2. To strengthen
Form'er, n. One who forms.
by forts^ batteries, &c.
For'mer, a. compar. [A.-S. forma, m. For'ti-TUDE (53), n. [Lat. fortitudo,
forme, f. andn., first.] 1. Preceding
Resolute endurfr. fortis, strong.]
in time, hence, ancient.
2. First
ance firmness in bearing up against
[old.
mentioned
danger.
For'mer-ly, adv. In time past of
Syn. Courage resolution.
FOR'MI-DA-BLE, a. [Lat. formidab- Fort'night (-nit), n.
[Contr. from
ner.

For-ma'TION,

Act of giving form,

n. 1.

give

mild

merciful.

FOR-GOT',

Jp J

FOR-GOT'TEV,
FORK, n. [A.-S. fore,

otForget
s

Lat. furca.]

1.

instrument with two or more

prongs. 2. Any thing like a fork in
v.
shape; also, a prong; a point.
To divide into two
i.' [-ED; -ING.]
To raise or
t.
1.
v.
branches
to dig and break
pitch with a fork
with a fork. 2. To form into a fork-

An

ilis, fr.

ing, or adapted to excite, fear.

Syn. Dreadful

[forked.

like shape.

frightful; horrible;

fearful;

tremendous.
In a formida-

For'MI-da-BLY, adv.

parts

forked

furcated.

a.
[A.-S. forledsan, forloren, to lose, from for and ledsan, to
lost. 2. In pitiful
go.] 1. Deserted
;

plight

despicable.

For-lorV-hope, n. A detachment
of men to lead in an assault, or perform other perilous

FORM,

n.

service.
1.
[Lat. forma.]

any thing

Shape of

external
configuration
appearance. 2. Mode of construction,
arrangement, or organization. 3. Established method or practice. 4. Conformality.
5. That
ventionality
which has form a shape. 6. Pattern
model. 7. A long bench or seat hence,
a class in a school. 8. The seat or
bed of a hare. 9. A page, or pages,
imposed and locked up in a chase.
;

For'MU-lA, 71.; hat.pl. FOR'M U-LAZ

Eng. pi. FOR'MU-LA. [Lat., dim.
1. A preof forma, form, model.]
2. A written
scribed or set form.
confession of faith. 3. A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language.
4. A prescription or recipe.
For'mtj-la-ry (44), n. 1. A book of
prescribed forms. 2. Prescribed form
Stated; prescribed.
a.
formula.
FOR'IVHJ-LATE,!'. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
reduce to, or express in, a formula.
For'ni-ATE, v. i. [Lat. fornicare,
-catum, fr.fornix, vault, brothel.] To
have unlawful sexual intercourse.

[-ED; -ING.] 1. To give form

or shape to to construct to make.
to mold
to train.
3.
2. To model
v.t.

To act as constituent of.

FoRM'AL,a. 1. Belonging

criminal conversation of a married

man with an unmarried woman. 2.
(Script. )_Idolatry.

[nication.

weeks.

[From Lat.

n.

strong.]

fortified place

a stronghold.
Syn. Fortification

castle

A fortress

fortis,

a fort

citadel.

is constructed for military

purposes only, and is permanently garrisoned; a fortification is built to defend
harbors, cities, &c; & castle is an antique
fortress, which was ordinarily a palatini
dwelling a citadel is the strong nold o*
;

a fortress or city, &c.

a. [Lat. fortuities, fr
Happening b?
forte, by chance.]

FOR-TU'l-TOtJS,

chance.
Accidental
casual.
Syn.
Accident; chance.
Fort'U-NATE, a. 1. Coming by good
luck.
2. Receiving some unforeseen
or unexpected good lucky.
Successful
prosperous.
A
Syn.
man is fortunate when unusual blessings fall to his lot successful when he
gams what he aims at prosrperous when
he succeeds in those things which men

For-tu'i-ty, n.

commonly aim

One may be fortu-

at.

nate in some cases where he

is not successftd; he may be successful, but, if his

plans are badly formed, he may for that
reason fail to be prosperous.

FOR'NI-CA'TOR, n. One guilty of for- FORT'u-NATE-LY.atfv. Luckily; successfully

happily.
FOR'RAY, or FOR-RAY', n. A ravFORT'UNE (fort'yun, 30), n [Lat.,/oraging a predatory excursion.
FOR-SAKE', V. t. [imp. FORSOOK
tuna, a protracted form of fors,
;

to the

[A.-S. forsacan,
p. p. FORSAKEN.]
to oppose, refuse.]
To quit or leave
entirely to depart or withdraw from.

form

or external appearance of a thing.

2. Belonging to the constitution of
a thing; essential. 3. Done in due
form express. 4. Regular; methodical.
5. Having the form or appearance only. 6. Conventional.
Sth. Precise; ceremonious.
A man
is precise who reduces things to an exact rule or standard; formal who shapes
himself by some set form or pattern
ceremonious when he lays much stress
on the conventional laws of social inter;

course. Men are formal in their manners, precise in their language or observances, ceremonious in receiving and entertaining strangers.

Form'al-Ism,

Quality of being
n.
formal, esp. in matters of religion.
Form'al-Ist, n. One who is overattentive to forms.
For-mai/i-ty, n. 1. Quality of being
formal, regular, strictly ceremonious,
precise, &c. 2. That which is formal.
3.

For'ni-ca/TION, n. 1. Incontinence
also, the
of an unmarried person

S3?" In the 7th and 8th senses, this

word is, in England, pronounced form.

without

Shapeless;
a determinate form.

Two

fourteen nights.]

FoR'TRESS,

terrible;

Fork/ed-ness, n. Quality of being

ble manner.
FORK'Y, a. Opening into two or more Form/less, a.
For-lorn',

Excit-

forjnidare, to fear.]

Established order or method.

Syn. To abandon

desert; fail

re-

linquish; renounce; reject.

FOR-so~OTH', adv. [A.-S. forsodh, fr.

for and sddh, sooth, truth!] In truth
certainly

often used ironically.

For-sweAr',v.

[imp.

t.

forswore

[A.-S. forswerp. p. FORSWORN.]

ian, from for and sicerian,to swear.]
To reject or deny upon oath.
v. i.
To swear falsely to commit perjury.
FORT, n. [Lat. fortis, strong.] A forfortress
tified place
fortification.
Forte, n. [See supra.] Strong point
that in which one excels.
FORTH, adv. [A.-S. fordh, fr. for. See

FOR.]

1.

Forward; onward.

Away

2.

Out

1. Chance; accident; luck.

Appointed lot in life fate. 3. That
befalls one; esp., favorable

chance.]
2.

which

esp.,
Estate; wealth;
To happen.
great wealth.
v. i.

issue.

4.

FORT'UNE-HUNT'ER,

A man who

n.

marry a rich woman.

One who
Fort'une-teli/er, n.
seeks to

the future events of one's

pretends to do so.

tells

life,

or

FoR'TY, a. [A.-S. fedioertig,fr.fe6wer,

four, and the term, tig, fr. tyn, ten ]
Four times ten thirty-nine and ono
;

added.

Sum

n.

of forty units.

FO'RUM, n. ; Eng. pi. FO'rdms Lat

[Lat., allied to foris, out
pi. Fd'RA.
of doors.] 1. A public place in Rome,
where causes were tried, and orations
;

delivered.

2.

tribunal

a court.

[See For, Fore,

and Ward.] Toward
forth, or appear.
part
in
front
a
onward in advance.
FORTH-WlTH', or FORTH-WITH' FOR'WARD.a. 1. Near or at the fore
adv.
Immediately
2.
Ready
directly.
part.
prompt in an ill
(99),

jnto view.

3.

FORTH'-e6M

OR, DO, wolf, TOO, TOOK", URN, RUE,

lNG,

abroad.

a.

Ready

to

For'ward, \adv.

come FoR'WARDg,

PULL

E,

I,

o, silent

q, G, soft; ,&,hard; As; EXIST;

as

NG

THIS

FORWARDER
Ardent

sense, over ready. 3.

v.

4.

Premature,

1.

To help onward

eager.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

to promote.

FRANCISCAN

174
;

2.

To transmit.

For/ward-er, n. One who forwards.

FOR'WARD-LY, adv. Eagerly hastily.
For'ward-ness, m. 1. Quality of
;

being forward. 2. Precocity.

adv. See Forward.
Fosse, n. [Lat. fossa, fr. fodere, to
(Fort.) A ditch or moat.
dig.]

[-ED -ING.] [From

metals.
v. i.
Lat. fundus.
See Found.] 1. To
fill with water, and sink, as a ship
;

hence, to fail. 2. To stumble and

go lame, as a horse.
v. I. Tocause
inflammation in the limbs of, so as
to lame
said of a horse.
Found'er-y, n. See Foundry.

among, and

An

uproar

cassare, to break, annul.J

a noisy quarrel.
n. [Lat. fractio, fr. frangere, fractum, to break.]
1.
portion a fragment.
2.
division or
;

Frao'tion,

aliquot part of a whole

FRA'TION-AL.
tions

a. Pertaining to fracconstituting a fraction.

For'ward,

FOUND'LING,

Fos'SIL,

table; pettish.
Found'ress, n. A female founder.
Found'ry, n. A building arranged FRACT'URE, n.

[Lat. fossilis, fr.fodere, to

1. Dug out of the earth.
2.
dig.]
Pertaining to fossils petrified.
n.
a.

1.

A substance dug from

the earth.

2.

[From found, p. p. Fr.Xo'tioOs, a.

[Prob. from fract
child found without a
(obs.), to break.]
Apt to fret.

n.

offind.] A
parent or owner.

and

Syn.

fitted for casting metals.

Fount,

In.

[Lat./ojjs, fontis.]

form of a plant or animal ^FOUNT'AIN, j

1. A spring of water.
2. An artificial jet or stream of water.
Fos'sil-if'er-ous, a. [Lat. fossilis,
Petrified

and ferre,

fossil,

to bear.]

Contain-

or organic remains.
[-ed; -ing.] To
v. t.
convert into a fossil.
FoS'TER, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
fostrian, from foster, food, nourishment.] 1. To feed to nourish to
rear up. 2. To cherish.

ing

fossil

Fos'sil-ize,

3.

Origin;

FOUR

caute.

first

a.

(tor),

number.

See FONT.

[A.-S. feower.]

Snappish; peevish;

cross; irri-

[L&t.frartura, from
frangere, to break.] 1. Act of breaking; rupture breach. 2. The breaking of a bone. v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
To break to crack.
;

FRAG'ILE,

One

a.
[Lat. fragilis, fr. frangere, to break.] Easily broken or de-

stroyed weak frail.

Fra-gil'i-ty, n. Quality of being
fragile
brittleness.
Four double quadFrXg'MENT, n. [Lat. fragmentum,
n. Four times as much.
ruple.
FOUR'FOOT'E D, a. Having four feet.
fr. frangere, to break.]
A part broken off; a small, detached portion.
Fou'RI-er-ism (fob'-), n. The system
of Charles Fourier, who recommends Frag'ment-a-ry (44), a. Composed

more than three;

twice two.
of four units.

^The sum
Four'fold,

n.

a.

Fos'TER-BROTH'ER(-br!itb/er), n. A
male fed by the same nurse, but not
the re-organization of society into
of fragments.
the offspring of the same parents.
small communities, living in com- Fra'grance, In. Sweetness of smell;
Fra'gran-cy,
Fos'ter-child, n. A child nursed
mon.
grateful odor.
[Fourierism.
J
Fou'RI-e_r-ite, n. One who favors FRA'GRANT, a.
[Lat. fragrare, fraby one not its parent.
Fos'ter-f a/the r, ii. One who takes Fouu'SORE, a. Four times twenty
grans, to emit a fragrance.] Having
the place of a father in bringing up
^ighty.
an agreeable perfume.
n.
Eighty units.
;

FOUR'TEEN,

a child.

F6s'TER-M6YH'ER(-m0th/er),n. One
who takes the place of a mother in
the care of a child.

One not a

as such.
F6s'ter-s6n (-sun), n. One fed
educated as if he were a son.
v.

t.

[-ED

sis-

and

-ING.] [Cf. Ger.

juttern, futlern, to cover, to line.]

To try to stop, as a leak in a bottom
of a ship, by letting down a sail un-

der her bottom.

Fought
Foul,

imp. &p. p. of Fight.

[-er; -est.]
[A.-S. fUl,
1. Containing extraneous

(fawt),

a.

sordid.]

matter which is injurious or offensive.

2. Morally defiled.
3. Cloudy or
rainy.

4.

Loathsome

Entangled.
Syn. Nasty
abusive

v.

t.

hateful.

6.

dirty ; impure
obscene; unfair; dishonest.
filthy

[ED;

that im-

nastily.
(-mouthd),
a.

Using foul language

abusive.
Quality of being

Foul'ness,

n.
filthiness

pollution.

Found, imp. & p.p.

of find.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. [Lat. fundare, fr.
fundus, bottom.]
To fix upon a
;

basis

to establish firmly ; to base.

2. To begin to raise.
3. [Lat. fundere.]
To cast, as a metal.
Foun-da'tion, n. 1. Act of found-

ing

establishment.

work

basis.

one whole

is

divided.

Fourthly, adv.
Fowl, n. pi. fowl

[place.

In

the

fourth

fowls.

or

[A.S. fugol, fugel, allied to ftedgan, to

fly.]
1. A bird
esp. a wild bird.
;

barn-door fowl; a cock or hen.

v. i. To catch or kill wild fowl.
FOWL'ER, n. A sportsman who takes

or kills wild fowl.

Fox,

n.

[A.-S. fox,

3.

2.

An endowment.

An endowed

FOUND'ER,

K, E, 1,5, U, Y,long( A,

E P I,

fax, hair, so that it

orig.
signifies
the
hairy aniinal.] 1.

animal

An

MjL

2.

sly,

said of beer, &c.

turn sour

color.

fermented

n.

3.

Sour

not properly

said also of grapes.

[It.

fracasso, from fra,

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

1. A basket of rushfraile, basket.]

2. Quanes, for figs and raisins.
about 70 pounds
tity of raisins
in such a basket.
3. A rush for

weaving baskets.

Frail'TY,
tion.

I. Weakness of resolufault proceeding from

in.

2.

weakness.
Frailness
Syn.

infirmity

imper-

fection; failing; foible.

Frame,

v.

[-ed; -ing.]
To construct

t.

fremman.] 1.
just and put together.

2.

To

[A.-S.
*o adorigi-

nate to devise to fabricate. 3. To

n.
1. Any
provide with a frame.
thing composed of parts put togeth2. Any kind of case for admiter.
ting, inclosing, or supporting things.
skele3. Make or build of a person
;

Form

constitution. 5. Partic-

mind humor,
One who frames.

n.

A frame.
(wfirk), n.
[Eng. Frank, a Germanic
people that founded the French monA French silver coin equal
archy.]
to about 19 cents, or 10 pence.

Frame'-WORK
FrXnc,

n.

FRAN'CHlgE

Of a yellowish or reddish-

brown

FRA'cas,

1.
;

FRAM'ER,
[Cf.

2.

-est.] [See FragEasily broken; fragile;

[-er

a.

ile.]

weak infirm. 2. Of easy virtue

weak in resolution.
n. [Norm. Fr.

To cover the
new front

fox, imposture.]

6, U, Y, Short

With sweet

adv.

ular state, as of the

cunning

[-ED; -ING.]

feet of, as of boots, with

v. i. To
upper leather,

wily.

Frail,

ton. 4.

Fox.

remarkable

for its cunning.

fellow.
v. t.
Icel.

Fra'grant-ly,

A light

Fox'-chase, n. Pursuit of a fox

Fox'-hunt, ) with hounds.
1.
Pertaining to foxes;
Ground- Fox'Y, a.

institution of charity.
n.
1. One who founds or
lays a foundation. 2. One who casts

4.

prob. allied to Icel

(109), adv. Filthily

Foul'-mouthed
;

1.

pedes motion.

foul

a. 1. Succeeding the
thirteenth and preceding the fifteenth. 2. Making one of fourteen
parts of any thing.
n. One of fourteen equal parts of one whole.
Fourth, a. 1. Next following the
third.
2. Forming one of four parts
into which any thing is divided.
n.
One of four equal parts into which

2.

Syn.
Odorous odoriferore sweetscented; balmy; spicy; aromatic.
scent.

FOUR'TEENTH,

To make Fowl'ing-piec/e (fouK-), n.

To bring into
gun for shooting wild fowl

-ING.]

filthy; to defile. 2.
collision with something

Foul'ly

Sum

_more.

Fos'ter-sis'TER, n.
ter, but brought up

FoTH'ER,

[A.-S. fed wertyne, fr.

fediver, four, and lyn, ten.]
of
ten and lour.
a.
Four and ten
n.

(-cinz),

n.

from

[Ft.,

franc, franrhe, free.] A particular

privilege vested in individuals.
v.
-ING.] To make free.
t. [-ED
FrXn'ch1'E-MENT, n. Kelease free-

'

dom.
FRAN-cts'AN,

n.
A monk of the order of St. Francis, founded in 1209.

ERE, VIL, TBM PIQUE, FIRM, S6N,

J

FRANGIBLE

FRET

175

FrXn'GI-ele,

a.
[Lat. frangere, to
Brittle; fragile.
FrXn'GI-pXn'NI, n.
[From the in-

break.]

A yellowish spot in the skin. v. t.

[-ED -ING.] To color or spot with
freckles. v.
;

To become covered

i.

Marquis Frangipani.]
with freckles.
A
perfume derived from, or imitating Freck'ly, a. Full of freckles.
Free, a. [-ER -est, 144.] [A.-S.
the odor of, a West Indian flower.
1. Not under reFrank, a. [-ER; -est.] [Fr. franc.
fri, fridjfrco.]
2. Enjoying postraint at liberty.
Cf. Free.]
Free in uttering real
litical liberty. 3. Not parsimonious
sentiments not reserved.
ventor,

Syn.

Ingenuous

candid

artless

plain; open; sincere.

[-ED

t.

liberal.

Exempt;

4.

clear; released.

Invested with a franchise. 6. To

be enjoyed without limitations.
Free agency, power of choosing or act5.

-ING.]
To exempt
n.
[See
from charge for postage.
Frank, a.]
A signature which
makes a letter free of postage.
Frank'inFrank-In'cense, or
CENSE n. A dry resinous substance,
used as a perfume.
FrXnk'ly, adv. Without reserve.
FrXnk'ness, n.
Quality of being
frank; candor; openness.
FRAN'TIC, a.
[For frentic, contr. fr.
frenetic, phrenetic] 1. Mad raving.
v.

ing freely. Free port, ( Com.) (a.) a port

where ships of all nations may load and
unload free of duty, provided the goods
are not carried into the adjoining country, (b.) A port where goods of all kinds
are received from ships of all nations at
equal rates of duty. Free wind (Xaut.)
a fair wind.

v.

free

to set at liberty

to release.

of France
France.

language

collectively, the people of

[ment of music.

A wind-instrun.
v. t. [-ed; -ing, 142.]
French, and Lat. facere, to

French'-horn,
French'i-fv,
[Eng.

To make French

make.]

to Galli-

cize.

FREN'ZY,

[Lat. phrenesis, phrenin.

Gr. <pevtTis (sc. v6<ros), fr. ^pjjv?

tis,

mind.]

Any

violent agitation of the

mind, approaching to distraction.

Syn. Insanity lunacy madness
;

rage;

derangement

Fre'quen-cy,

delirium.

Condition of re-

n.

turning frequently.

FRE'QUENT,

Hap-

a. [L&t.frequens.]

pening at short intervals.

[-ED -ING.]
V. t.

FRE-QUENT',
visit often

To

to resort to habitually.
n. Habit of fre-

To make Fre^quen-ta'TION,

[-ED; -ing, 144.]

t.

n. The

inhabitants,

its

quenting.

Free'boot-er, n.
[See Booty.] Fre-QUENT'a-tIve, 'a.
Expressing
One who wauders about for plunder.
the frequent repetition of an action.
Free'-born,
a.
Born
free.
FrXn'TI-LY, adv. Madly distractn. A verb expressing the frequent
[traction. Freed'man (150), n. A man who has
repetition of an action.
edly,
been a slave and is freed.
Madness; disFre-QUENT'er, n. One who freFrXn'TIC-ness, n.
quents.
Fra-ter'nal. a. [Lat. frater, broth- FREE'DOM, n. [A.-S. freodom.] 1.
Exemption from the power and con- Fre'QUENT-ly, adv.
At frequent
er.] Relating to, or becoming, broth;

Noisy

2.

wild.

ers

[ual

brotherly.

manner.

Fra-ter'nal-ly, adv. In a fraterFra-ter'ni-ty, n. 1. State of being

fraternal.
ated for

2.

body of

men

associinterest a

some common

trol of another.

Particular priv-

2.

Improper

3.

familiarity.

Sytt. Liberty; independence; frankness openness; separation liberality;

;

fianchise;

immunity

license.

Free'-heart'ed,

brotherhood.
;

[fratricide.

n.
An estate in real
property, of inheritance or for life,

or the tenure by which it is held.

Pertaining to
FrXt'RI-CI'DAL, a.
FrXt'RI-^ide, n. [L&t. frater, broth- Free'hold-er, n. One who owns a
freehold.
er, and csedere, to cut down, kill.] 1.
The murder of a brother. 2. One Free'ly, adv. In a free manner;

who kills
Fraud, n.

without restraint or compulsion.

a brother.
[Lat. fraus, Jraudis.]

1.

Deception deliberately practiced.

2.

deceptive trick.
Stn. Deceit guile
;

wile

strata-

1. One who en(150), n.

2. One who enjoys a
joys liberty.
peculiar privilege.

Free'ma'son

(-ma'sn), n. One of an
ancient and secret association, originally composed of masons.
Free'ma'son-ry, n. Institutions or
the practices of freemasons.

ceeding from, fraud.

Obtained by

3.

artifice.

Syn.
wily
est:

Deceitful
cunning

crafty

te'ckish

treacherous

infidel

t.

1.

To rub.

2.

easily

wrought.

One who

n.
;

liberality.

an

dis-

unbeliever.

an

a skeptic.

f
Power of choosing or

n.
willing without restraint,

FREE'- WILL,

1. Freighted
(frawt), a.
laden. 2. Filled; stored.
FRAY, n. [Abbrev. fr. affray.] 1. Affret
fray contest. 2. [See infra.'!
v. I.
[-1x0
or chafe in cloth.
-ING.] 1. To frighten. 2. [L&t.fncare, to rub.]
To rub to wear off

n.

and

Free-will',
fraud-

Fraught

wear out

of sand or grit,

Free'think'er,

stone composed

aishon-

ulent manner.

by rubbing.

cards revelation

knavish.

FraudTj-lent-ly, adv. In a

FREAK,

Openness
n.

To

in consequence of rubbing.
[A.-S. free, fric,frac, bold,

a.

'[untary.

Spontaneous; vol-

[imp. froze p. p.
FROZEN.] [A.-S.fredsan.] 1. To
become congealed by cold.
2. To
become chilled.
v. t.
1. To con-

Freeze,

geal

v.

2.

i.

to

Freight

harden into
(frat), n.

Payment

ice.

2.

To

lr Lading

chill.

cargo.

for the transportation of

merchandise.
[-ed -ing.]
v. t.
To load with goods, as a ship or vehicle of any kind.
;

greedy.] A sudden, causeless change Freight'er (frat'er) n. 1. One who

loads a ship.
2. One who receives
of the mind
whim caprice.
and forwards freight.
3. One for
FREAK'isH,a. Whimsical capricious.
whom freight is transported.
Freak'ish-ly, adv. Capriciouslv.
Freck'le (frek'l), n. [Cf. Fleck.] French, a. Pertaining to France or
;

OR, DO,

WOLF,

TO~0,

TOOK', URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

v. t.
freshly laid stucco-ground.
[-ED -ING.] To paint in fresco.
[-er -est.] [A.-S. ferae,
a.
2.
Icel.friskr.] 1. New and strong.

O, silent

Fresh,

Recently made or obtained. 3. In a

raw or untried state. 4. Renewed in
vigor or readiness for action hence,
tending to renew in vigor brisk. 5.
Not salt, as water or meat.
Syn. Sound; green rare ruddy
;

sweet; good; unpracticed; lively;

vigorous; strong.
spring of fresh water. 2.
n. 1.
freshet.
Fresh'en, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
make fresh to take saltness from
v. i.
1. To lose saltany thing.
2. To grow brisk or strong.
ness.
flood or overflowing
Fresh'ET, n.
of a river in consequence of heavy
[Amer.]
rains or melted snow.
Fresh'LY, adv. In a fresh manner.
florid

Free'man

gem cheat.
Fraud'ful, a. Full of fraud; trickish.
FRAUD'U-LENCE, In. Decvdtfuluess
Fraud'u-len-cy, j trickn'hness.
Fraud'U-lent, a. 1. Usins fraud in Free'ness, n.
2. Containing, or pro- Free'stone,
contracts.
;

Liberal; gen-

a.

erous. _
Fra'ter-nize, or Fra-tIr'nize,
[-ED -ING.] To associate as Free'hold,
v. i.

brothers._

intervals often commonly.

Fres'CO, n.
[It., from fresco, fresh.]
A method of painting ou walls on a
;

ileges.

Fresh'MAN

(150), n.

student dur-

year's residence at a col[briskness.

Fresh'NESS, n.
Newness; vigor;
FRET,t>.. [-TED -TING, 136.] [Fr.
frotter, from Lat. fricare/frictum, to
rub, A.-S.fretan, to eat, to gnaw.]
*
hence,
1. To wear away by friction
to corrode.
2. To imto eat away
3. To make rough, agitate, or
pair.
disturb.
4.
To tease to irritate;
to vex. 5. [A.-S.frdtvjan, to adorn.}
To ornament with raised work. -
to bo
v. i.
1. To be worn away

ing his

first

lege,

2. To be vexed or irritafj.
1. Agitation of
ed to worry.
n.
the surface of a fluid. 2. Agitation
of mind; irritation. 3. {Arch.) Small
fillets intersecting each other at right
angles. 4. A short piece of wire on
the finger-board of a guitar, &c to

corroded.
;

C, 6, soft; , &,hard;

AS; EiS!

N.

as

NG THIS
;

FRETFUL
show where the

finger

is

[humored.

in playing.

FRET'FyL,

a.
Disposed to fret illPeevish cross. Peevish marks
Syn.
the inward spirit, andfretful the outward
act, while both imply a complaining impajtience.
Crossness is peevishness min;

FRONTISPIECE

176

to be placed

gled with vexation or anger.

To disturb with

into little burs, as the nap of tloth

n. Any thing crisped or curled.
Fright'ful (frit'-), a. 1. Full of FRlz'ZLE, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Dim.
fright alarmed. 2. Exciting alarm
of friz.] To curl or crisp, as hair.
FRO, adv. [ A. -S. fra, from /ram. Sec
impressing terror.
FROM.] From ; away backward.
Syn. Frightful; dreadful awful.
These words all express fear. In fright- Frock, n.
[L. Lat. froccvs.fioccus,
ful, it is a sudden emotion in dreadful,
from Lat. fiocats, a flock of wool
it is deeper and more prolonged; in awhence, orig. a flocky garment.]
ful the fear is mingled with the emotion
loose, outer garment of men
or a
of awe, which subdues us before the
presence of some invisible power.
An
gown, open behind, worn by women
accident may be: frightful ; the approach
and children.
[broad skirts.
of death is dreadful to most men the
convulsions of the earthquake are awful. Frock'-coat, n. A body-coat with
FROG,n. [A.-S./rogga.] 1. A well-

-ING.]
fright

fear

to

Fret"ful-LY, adv.
manner peevishly.
Fret'ful-ness, n.

In

fretful

friableness.
FRI'A-BLE. a. [La.t.friabilis,fr. friare,
to rub, break, or crumble.] Easily
friable

State of being
fretful
[with frets.
peevishness.
FRET'WORK (-wQrk), n. Work adorned
FrI'A-bIi/1-ty, n. Quality of being
;

Fright'ful-ly

In a

adv.

(frit'-),

(frit'-),

order.

[of friars.

A monastery

FRI'a-ry, n.

a convent

[Lat. friv.olus .]
n.

a.

Frivo-

lous-, trifling; silly.

frivo-

a coxcomb.
Fric'as-see', n. [Vr./ricasse e,fr./rilous fellow

casser, to fry.]

dish

made

of fowls

or small animals cut into pieces,

and stewed or fried.
v. i. [-ED;
-ING, 144.] To make a fricassee of.

FRI'TlON,

n. [Lat. /n'cfto,

fr.

fricare,

A rubbing

the surface
of one body against that of another
2. Effect of rubbing, or
attrition.
resistance a moving body meets with
from the surface on which it moves.
FRI'DAY, n. [A.-S./rigeddg, fr. Frig,
the goddess of marriage, and A.-S.
dag, d&y.]
Sixth day of the week.
Fried, imp. & p. p. of Fry.
Friend, n. [Goth. frijCnds, friend,
to rub.]

1.

from/rijdn,/rion, to love.] 1. One

who is attached to another by affection.
2. One not a foe or enemy.
3. A favorer.
4. A Quaker.

Fri-gid'i-ty, n.

1. Quality of being
frigid coldness. 2. Want of warmth,
ardor, vivacity, &c.
[fection.
FRtG'lD-LY, adv. Coldly without af;

Frill,

m.

Frill,

[Cf.

v.t.]

1.

The

ruffling of a hawk's
shivering with cold.
v. t.
To provide with frills.
v. i. [-ED -ING.] [0. Vr.friller,
fr. Lat. frigidulus, somewhat cold.]
To shake or shiver as with cold.
Fringe, n. [Lat. fimbria, thread,
fringe.]
1. A trimming consisting of
2. A border
loose threads.
a confine.
v. t. [-ED ; -ING.] To adorn
or border with fringe.
2.

ruffle.

feathers

when
;

n.
[Fr.friperie,fr. /riper, to rumble, fumble.]
1.
Old
clothes hence, second-hand finery
useless matter.
2. Place where old
clothes are sold.
Frisk, v.i. [-ed -ing.] [Icel./riskr.
See Fresh.] To leap, skip, or gambol, in gayety.
n.
A frolic; a fit
;

FRIEND'LY,

a.

1.

Like a friend.

2.

another.
FROL'i-e, a. [0. H. Ger. frblih, fr./rS,
Full of levity
gay ;
frao, glad.]
merry.
n.
1. A wild prank.
2.
A scene of gayety and mirth a merry-making.
[-ED; -ING,
v. i.
To play wild pranks to sport.
136.]
Frol'I-s6me, a. Full of frolic.

From, prep.

[A.-S. fram, from.] Out

of the neighborhood of; leaving behind by reason of; out of; by aid
used whenever departure, com
of;
mencement of action, being, occur
rence, &c, or procedure, emanation
separation, &c, are to be expressed[Lat. frons, frondis, a
Frond, n.

heavy branch, foliage.] Organ formed

by combination, into one body of
stalks and leaves, as in th. ferns.

Fron-des'cence,

[Lat. frondes-

n.

cere, frondescens,
to begin to put
1. Time at which
forth leaves.]
each species of plants unfolds its
2. Act of bursting into leaf.
leaves.
Fron-dif'er-ous, a.
[Lat. frons,
Producing
leaf, and/erre, to bear.]
the frequency of
fronds.

to

keep a sheet of paper in place in

good-will.

2.

cloak-button. 4. (Railways.) A triangular crossing plate where one

track branches off from or crosses

FRIP'PER-Y,

of wanton gayety.
Friend'LESs, a. Destitute of friends. FRISK'ET, n. [From
its motion. See Frisk.] A frame
FRIEND'LI-NESS, n. Quality of being
friendly

animal.

tender, horny substance in the middle of a horse's foot.

3. A kind of

Quality

n.

of being frightful.
crumbled or pulverized.
FRIG'ID, a. [Lat. frigidus, fr. frigere,
Fri'A-BLE-NES3, n. Friability.
1. Cold.
2. Wanting
to be cold.]
FRI'AR, n.
[Fr./reYe, fr. Lat. /rater,
warmth, fervor, vivacity, &c.
brother.] A member of any religious

FRIB'BLE,

known amphibious

manner.

frightful

Fright'ful-ness

Fron-dose',

[Lat. frondosus.] 1.
a.
Frond-bearing; resembling a frond.

printing.

2.

Leafy.

FrYsk'i-ness, n. State of being frisky. Frond'oOs,

3. Not hostile. 4.
Producing leaves and
a.
Promoting the good of any person or FrIsk'Y, a. Frolicsome gay.
flowers in one organ.
FRIT, n. [From Lat. frige~re,frictum, Fr6nt (frunt), n. [Lat.
persons.
fr ons,frontis.]
roast,
fry.]
Material
/rixum,
to
of
Syn. Amicable; kind; favorable.
1.
The forehead; sometimes, the
which glass is made, after it has been
whole face. 2. The forepart of any
FRIENDSHIP, n. 1. Attachment to
baked, but before fusion.
thing. 3. Position directly before a
a person. 2. Friendly intimacy. 3. FRlTH,
[Scot,
Dan.
Befitting friends.

Friendly aid,

Frieze,

office,

n.

or kindness.

n. [Orig. a

woolen cloth from

Friesland.] 1. A coarse woolen cloth
with a nap on one side. 2. Part of the
entablature of a column between the
architrave and cornice. v. t. To
make a nap on, as on cloth.

FrIg'ate,

n. [Prob. fr. Lat. fabricata,

fiord.]

firth,

A narrow arm of the sea an estuary.

FRIT'TER, n. [From Lat. frigere, fric;

tum, to fry.] 1. A kind of pancake

also, a small piece of meat fried.
2.
A fragment a small piece. v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
1. To cut into small
2. To break into
pieces for frying.

small pieces.

something constructed.]
A ship of FrI-vol'i-ty, n. Quality of being
war larger than a corvette, and less
frivolous unbecoming levity of disthan a ship of the line.
position.
Bright (frit), n. [A.-B./yrhtu.] Sud- FrTEv'o-loOs, a. [Lat. frivolus.] 1.
den and violent fear.
Of little weight or worth. 2. Given
Syn. Alarm;

person, or foremost part of a thing.

1. To oppose
v.t, [-ed;-ing.]
2. To stand opposed,
face to face.
1. To stand
v. i.
or over against.
2. To have the front toforemost.
a.
ward any point of compass.
foreRelating to the forward part
[of an edifice or lot.
most,
Fr6nt'age (frOnt'-), n. Front part
FRONT'AL, a. Belonging to the front.

n.

terror; consternation.

v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
To alarm suddenly with danger.

To affright; terrifyj scare; disSyn.

may daunt.
Fright'.en (frit'n),
;

v.

t.

[-ed

to trifling.

Syn.

Front'ier,

Trifling; trivial; slight; petty.

[-ZED -ZING, 136.] [Fr.

curl, crisp.]
1. To form
into small curls, as hair. 2. To form

FrIz,

v. t.
/riser, to

,!,!, 6,fJ,Y,J<W; XjiSjljOjC^jSAor*; CARE,

front.]

ASK, ALL,

frontlet.]

1.

n.

[L&t. frons, forehead,

That part of a country which

fronts or faces another country bora. Bordering; conterminous.

der.

F15.R,

[Lat. frontale,

Something worn on the forehead or

2. A little pediment over a
face.
small door or window.

Fr6nt'IS-PIECE,

WHT; RE,

n.

[L. Lat. frontis-

VIL, XfiRMjP'lQUE, fIrm

SCN,

FRONTLESS

FULLERY

177

pirium, that which is seen in front.] Fru'GAL, a. [Lat. frugalis, fr. frugi,
fit for food, useful, temperate.] EcoAn ornamental engraving fronting
[dent.
nomical in the use of means spart>he first page of a book.
Front'less, a. Shameless; impuing saving.
FRONT'LET, n. [Eng. front, and the Fru-gal'i-ty, n. Quality of being
frugal; prudent economy.
dim. term, let.] A frontal.
Frost (21), n. [A.-S., fr. freosan, to Fru'gal-ly, adv. With economy.
freeze.} 1= Act of freezing congela- Fruit, n. [Lat. fructus, fr.frui, to ention of fluids. 2. Severe cold weath1. Whatever is to be enjoyed,
joy.]
v.t.
3. Frozen dew.
[-ED
partaken of, or made use of; result.
er.
-ING.] To cover with any thing re2. The juicy, pulpy products of cer3. Offspring
young.
tain plants.
sembling hoar-frost, as cake with
Fruit'age (45), . Fruit collectively.
powdered white sugar.
;

Fr6st -bit t.en

;

a.
(-bit'tn), p.
Nipped or affected by frost.
small fish, abunFrost'-fish, n.
/

dant on the coasts of the United States

soon after fros' commences.

Frost'i-ly, ado With frost

Frost'ing, n. Composition,

coldly.

resem-

bling hoar-frost, to cover cake, &c.

1.
Frost'y, a.
Attended with, or
containing, frost. 2. Without warmth
of affection. 3. White; gray-haired.
FR(3TH (21), n. [A.-S. fre.odhan, to
rub, to froth.] 1. A collection of bub2. Empty show of wit
bles foam.
1. To cause
or eloquence.
v. t.
to foam. 2. To cover with froth.
[-ED; -ING.]
To throw
v.%.
;

up foam.
FROTH'I-LY, adv.

[ner.

In a frothy man1.
[-ER -est, 142.]
Full of froth. 2. Vain empty.
Frounce, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr.

Froth'y,

a.

To
froncer, to wrinkle, to frown.]
frizzle about the face, as the hair.
n. A wrinkle, plait, or curl.
Frou'zy, a. [From frounce.] Fetid;

musty

rank.

ward

Perverse

is

unyielding

required.

untoward

ungovernable

adv.

manner.

In a

wayrecross.
;

fro ward

[ing froward.
Quality of be-

Fro'ward-ness, n.
FRO WN, v. i. [-ED -ING.]

[Fr.frogner,in se refrogner, to knit the brow.]

1. To contract the brow, to scowl.
2. To look on with disfavor to lower.
;

v.

To rebuke with a look.

wrinkling of the brow in dis-

t.

ti.

pleasure

Frow'y,

[Contr.fr. frouzy.]

Mus-

ty; rancid; rank.

Frozen

repository for fruit.

Full of fruit richly
;

Syn. Fertile;
tiful

rich

abundant

fecund; plen-

prolific;

plenteous.

Fruit'ful-ly, adv.

Abundantly.

Fruit'ful-isess,

State or quali-

n.

FRU-I'TION

[From

enjoyment.
a. 1. Lacking fruit.
2.
Productive of no good effect.
Syn. Useless; unprofitable; ineffect;

Fruit'less,

ual; vain; idle; profitless.

Fruit'less-ly, adv. Idly vainly.

Fruit'eess-ness, n. Quality of be;

ing fruitless,

Fruit'y,

Fu'US,n.;

pi. FU'pI.
[Lat., rockA genus of sea-weed.3
of a tough, leathery kind.
FiJD'DLE, v. t. or /. [-ed; -ing.] To
make or become partially drunk.

lichen, orchil.]

Fudge, n.

Stuff; nonsense
an ex*
clamation of contempt.
[Norm. Fr.fuayl, L. Lat.
n.
focale, fr. Lat./ocws, fire-place. J
1
Any combustible matter. 2. Any
thing that serves to feed passion or
excitement.
Fu-GA'CIOUS, a.
Ln,t.fugax,fr.fugere, to flee]
Flying, or disposed
;

Fu'EL,

volatile.

FU-GAC'I-TY,

n.
Quality of being fugacious volatility
Fu'Gl-Ti'VE, a.
1. Apt to disappear.
2. Escaping from duty, service, or
;

n.

(frjj-Tsh'un),

Lat. frui, fruitus, to use or enjoy.]

Pleasure derived from possession or

use

Fuch'si-A
[From L. Fuchs, a Ger. botanist.] A
genus of beautiful flowering plants.

to fly

ty of being fruitful.

[taste of fruit.
a._ Resembling fruit, or the

Syn.

Fleeting: unstable; uncertain;

volatile; evanescent.

n.

1.

A runaway

a deserter.

2.

One hard to be caught or detained.

FO'GLE-MAN (150), n. [Ger. flvgeU
mann, file-leader, fr. Jlvgel, wing.]
One who stands in front of soldiers
at

drill,

as an

example or model to

them hence, a director.

Fru'men-ta'CEOUS, a. [L&t.frumen- Fugue (fug), n. [Lat. fuga, flight.]
tdceus, fr. frumentum, grain.] Made
A musical composition, in which a
of, or like, wheat or other grain.
subject is proposed by one part, and
FRU'MEN-TY,n. [From Lat. frumenthen responded to by the others.
tum.]
Wheat boiled in milk, and FtJL'RUM, n. Lat. pi. ful'cra
seasoned with sugar, cinnamon, &c.
Frush, n. [See Frog] 1. A tender
substance in the sole of a horse
frog.
2. A discharge of a fetid matter from the frog of a horse's foot.
FrOs'trate, v. t.
[-ed; -ing].
[Lat. frustrare frustrari -tratum, fr.
frustra, in vain.]
1. To bring to
nothing to prevent from attaining
a purpose. 2. To make of no effect.
Syn.
To baffle; defeat; balk.

Subject to

(froz'n), p. a.

Frus'trate,

Vain; useless.
Disappointment

a.

Frus-jTRA'tion,

n.

defeat.

Frits' tum,

FRUS'TUMg.

a scowl.

a.

productive.

fractory; disobedient; petulant;

Fro'ward-ly,

fruit.

Fruit'er-y, n.
Fruit'ful, a.

'

a.

comply with what

Syn.

deals* in

a.
[Lat. fucar e, -ca(us,
to color, paint.] Paintfalse show.
(fu'shl-a. or fdbk'si-a), n.
)

ed; disguised with

[A.-S. framweard,
Not willing to
perverse.]

averse,

One who

n.

Fro'ward,

Fruit'er-er,

Fu'dATE.
Fu'A-ted,

FRfts'TA, or

n. ; pi.
[Lat.

Eng.

FUL'-

pi.

RCMS.

La

1.
bed-post.]
5
prop or suppor
pport.

"

F, Fulcrum.
Point about
which a lever turns in lifting or moving a body.
Ful-fill', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A
FUL-FIL',
compound
tautological
2.

offull and fill.]

1. To make full or
complete. 2. To accomplish or carry
into effect to bring to pass.
;

Ful-fjll'ment,
Ful-fil'ment,

Accomplish-

1.

n.

inent completion.
performance.
FDl/GEN-CY, n. Brightness splendor.
FtJL'GENT, a. [Lat. fulgere, fulgtns,
to flash, glitter.] Shining; effulgent
2.

Execution

piece, bit.]
Part
of a solid next the
base, formed by*

Fu-LIG'I-NOUS,

a.

[L&t.fuliginosus,

the^JM
cutting off
frost
congealed chilly.
dusky.
fr. fuligo, soot.] Sooty dark
Frustums.
Fruc-tes'^ence, n. [Fr., from Lat.
top.
Full, a. [-er;-est.] [A.-S. Cf.
fructus, fruit.]
The time when the Fru-tes'cent, a.
[Lat. frutex,
Fill.] 1. Filled up; replete; not
fruit of a plant arrives at maturity.
shrub, bush.]
Becoming shrubby,
2. Abundantly
empty or vacant.
FRU-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [Lsit./ructifer,
or having the appearance of a shrub.
furnished copious; ample. 3. Com;

fr. fructus, fruit,

and

ferre, to bear.]

FRU'TI-OSE',

[Lat.

a.

fruticosus,

Bearing or producing fruit.

FRU'Tl-eoos, J
fr. frutex, shrub.]
JsR&e/Ti-Fi-^A'TiON, n.
1. Act of
Pertaining to shrubs shrubby.
fructifying. 2. Those parts of a plant, Fry, v. t.
[-ed
-ing, 142.]
[Fr.
iaken collectively, which compose
frire, Lat. frigere.]
To cook with
the flower and fruit.
fat in a pan over a fire.
v. i. To be
FrO'ti-fy, v. t. [-ed -ing, 142.]
heated and agitated, as meat in a fryn. 1. [Vr.frai.] A swarm,
[Lat. fructificare fr. fructus, fruit,
ing pan.
and/acere, to make.] To make fruitesp. of little fishes
a large number.
ful
v. i. To
Any thing fried.
to render productive.
1._ [See Fry, v.]
Fry'ing-pan,. A pan used for frying.
bear fruit.
;

or.

do,wotf, TO~0,TOOK; urn, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

plete

perfect.

n.

Complete meas-

adv. Quite;
ure; utmost extent.
completely; entirely.
v i. To become wholly illuminated. v. t. [-ED;
-ing.] [A.-S. fullian, to make full
or perfect, to whiten as a fuller.] To
cleanse, scour, and thicken in a mill,
[is to full cloth.
as cloth.
Full'er, n. One whose occupation
Full'er-y, n. Place or works where
the fulling of cloth is carried on.

o, silent; c,G, soft; ,5, hard: Ag*, Exist

NG;

tHis.

FULLIXG-MILL
FuLL'ING-mIll,

A mill

n.

completeness.
In a full manner.
Syn. Completely entirely abun;

dantly

Pertaining to
hence, essential
A leading or pri-

a.

State of being full

n.

Fun'DA-mENT'al,
the foundation
n.
elementary.

ing cloth.

Full'nEss, i
FyL'NESS, |
Ful'ly, adv.

FUSILADE

178

for full-

sufficiently; perfectly.

mary principle
Fu'ner-al, n.

an

essential.

[Lat. funvs.]
1.
Procession attending a
a. Pertaining to burial.
Fu-NE'RE-AL (89), a. Suiting a funer[cence.
hence, dismal.
al

Burial.
burial.

2.

FUR'NI-TURE

1. That with
(53), n.
which any thing is furnished. 2.
Chattels; movables; effects; also,
necessary appendages to any thing.
as to a machine, &c.
FOr'ri-er, n. A dealer in furs.
FUR'ring, n. 1. The nailing on of
thin strips for lathing, boarding, &c

[-ED; -ING.]
FttL'MI-NATE, V. t.
2. The strips thus laid on.
[Lat. fulminate -natum, to lighten,
Fungous jxcres- FOr'ROW, n.
[A.-S. fur/t.]
1. A
1. To Fun-g6s'i-ty, n.
from fulmen, thunderbolt.]
Like
fungus,
trench in the earth made b} a plow.
FiJN/GOUS,
a.
or
amushcauae to explode. 2. To send out, as
rooni
excrescent.
2. Any trench or channel
a wrinklo
a denunciation or censure.
on the face.
[-ED -ing.] 1.
v. t.
FOl'MI-NA'tion, n. 1. Act of fulmi- Fun'gus, n. ; Lat.pl. fVn'ct, Eng.
[Lat., mushroom.]
To plow. 2. To mark with channels
pi. fOn'gus-ES
nating detonation.
2. Menace or
;

censure.

[striking terror.

FtJL'MI-NA-TO-RY,

FDl/s6me,

Thundering

a.

and the
Disgusting by
over-fullness, excess, or grossness.
a. [A.-S. /&Z,~ foul,

termination some.]

FuL's6me-NE88,

Nauseousness

n.

la.

FtJL'VOUS,

order of plants,

Tawny;

Lat. fulvus.]

dull yellow, with a mixture of gray

FCN'NEL,

-ING.] [0. Eng.

fambles, hands.] 1. To feel or grope
about.
2. To seek awkwardly.
3.
To turn over and over.

An awkward

FOm'bler, n.
person.
Fume, n. [Lat. fumus.] 1. Vapor;
smoke reek. 2. Any tbing unsub-

v. i. [-ED -ing.]
stantial or airy.
1. To smoke
to throw off vapor. 2.
To pass of in vapors. 3. To be in a
2. To
rage.
v.t.
1. To smoke.
disperse in vapor.
Fu'MI-GATE,r. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
;

fumigare, -gatum, fr. fumus, smoke.]

To expose to smoke or gas, as in
cleansing clothing, &c.
1. Act of fumiFu'Mi -GA'TION, n.
gating.
2. Vapor
scent raised by
;

fiber.

[Prob.

n.

fr.

Lat.

ifundi-

bulum, funnel.] 1. A kind of inverted hollow cone with a pipe a tun:

nel.

and brown.
FOM'BLE, v. i. [-ED;

comp ehend-

ing mushrooms, toad-stools, &c. 2.

A spongy, morbid growth in animal
bodies proud-flesh.
Fu'ni-cle, n.
[Lat. funiculus, dim.
of funis, cord, rope.] A small cord
or ligature

[L.l&tfulvidus,fr.

An

offensive grossness.

FUL'VID,

1.

2.

stove-pipe.

FiJN'NY, a. [-ER -EST, 142.] [From

fun.] Droll comical sportive.
FUR, n. [L. Lat. furra, a hai -y skin,
1. Short, fine
lcel. fodr, lining.]
hair of certain animals.
2. Peltry.
3. Any coating considered as resem[-red; -ring,
bling fur.
v. t.
1. To line or cover with fur.
136.]
2. To cover with morbid matter.
3.
To nail strips of board on for lathing.
;

FUR'BE-LOW,

n.

Fr. falbald.]
border.
v. t.
a furbelow on.

[Prov. Yr.farbala,
A flounce plaited
[-ED -ING.] To put
;

[-ED -ING.] [0. H.

V. t.
Ger. furban, to clean.] To rub or
scour to brightness to polish.
FUR'CATE, la. [Lat. furca, fork.]

FUR'BISH,

or wrinkles.

FUR'THER,a. compar. [positive wanting; superl. FURTHEST.] 1. More

remote

more

in advance

farther.

Additional.
adv.
To a greater
distance; moreover.
v.t.
[-ED;
-ING.] [A.-S.fyrdherian. See lAr
THER.] To promote; toed /ante,
to forward.
FUr'ther-an^E, n. Act of furthering; advancement.
2.

FOr'ther-er, n. A promoter.
FOr'ther-more, adv. or conj. Moreover; besides.

FUR'ther-most, a. Most remote.

FUR'thest, a. superl. Most remote;

adv.

farthest.
distance.

FUr'tIve,
turn,
stealth

sly

a petty

Fu'RY

greatest

secret
stealthy.
n. [Lat. fur unculus,
;

Fu'RUNC-LE,

At the

[L&t.furtivus, fr. fur

obtained by
Stolen

a.
theft.]

thief.]

lit.

boil.

[Lat. furia, fr. furere,

(89), n.

to rage.]
1. Violent passion.
2. Violent anger; extreme wrath.
3. A
goddess of vengeance
hence, a tur;

woman.

bulent, violent

Furze,

n.

[A.-S. fyrs.]

thorny

evergreen shrub with beautiful yelFur'A-ted, j Forked branching.

low flowers.
[or grayish-black.
A branching like
of Fur-A'tion, n.
Fus'oCs,
a.
[Lat. fuscus.]
Brown
tinesof
the
a
fork.
FtJN, n. [Cf. A.-S.fean, joys.] Sport
[L&t.furfura- FuE,*u. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. funmerriment.
[or dancer. FUR'fu-RA'ceous, a.
To
dere,fusum,
to
pour,
melt.]
disceus,
bran.]
of,
fr.
Made
or
furfur,
Ftr-NAM'BU-LIST, n.
A rope-walker
solve to melt.
To be meltv. i.
hke, bran scurfy.
FUNG'TION, n. [Lnt.functio, fr. funfilled wi
ed
to
melt.
tube
n.
A
Fu'ri-oOs,
a.
[Lat.
furiosus
,fr.
furkt,,
gi, to perform.]
1. Peculiar or apcombustible matter, used in blast
rage.]
1. Transported with passion.
pointed action. 2. A quantity so coning, &c.
2. Moving with violence.
nected with another, that, if any alSytt.
Impetuous vehement bois- FU-EE', n. 1.
teration be made in the latter, there
[Lat.
terous;
raging;
fierce;
violent;
mad.
fusus,
will be a consequent alteration in the
FfJ'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With fury.
spindle.] Con[tions.
former.
Furl,
[-ed
v. t.
-ing.]
[Contr. fr.
ical wheel of a
FUN'TION-AL, a. Pertaining tofuncFusee,
furdle, a corrup. of fardel, to make
watch or clock,
FUN'TION-A-RY, n.
One charged
up in bundles.] To wrap, as a sail,
designed to equalize the power of the
with the performance of a function.
close to the yard.
main-spring. 2. [See Fuse and FuFUND, n.
[Lat. fundus, foundation.]
FUR'LONG, n. [ A. -S. furlang, prop,
sil.]
A small, light musket a fu1. A stock or capital. 2. A store laid
the length of a furrow.] Eighth part
[fusible.
sil.
3. A fuse.
up, from which one may draw at
mile.
of
a
Fu'si-BiL'I-TY,
Quality of being
n.
pleasure a supply. 3. pi. The stock
FUr'lough (ffir'lo), n. [Ger. verlaub, FU'I-BLE, a.
[Lat. fundere,fusum,
of a national debt public securities.
urlaub.
See LEAVE.] Leave of abto melt.]
Capable of being melted.
Sinking fund, a sum of money set apart,
sence given to an officer or soldier.
Fu'si-form, n. [Lat. fusus, spindle,
usually at fixed intervals, for the redempv.t. [-ED ; -ING.]
To grant leave
and forma, shape.]
Shaped like 2$
tion of the debts of government or of a
corporation.
of absence.
spindle.
[From Lat. focus, fire*
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To pro* ISFur'na^e (45), n. [Lat. furnaz.] An Fu'siL, n.
vide a fund for the payment of the
inclosed place where a hot fire is
place.] _ A light musket or firelock.
interest of. 2. To place in a fund, as
A simultaneous
kept, as for melting ores, for warm- Fu'glL-LADE', n.
money.
ing a house, or for baking.
discharge of fire-arms in a military
FUN'DA-MENT, n. [Lat. fimdamen- FUR'NISH, V. t. [-ED -ING.; [0. H.
exercise^
lum, fr. fundus, bottom.] The seat
Ger. frvmjan, to do, act, send.] 1. FU'SIL-LADE', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] "0
the buttocks also, the orifice of the
shoot down by a simultaneous disTo supply to provide. 2. To offer
3. To fi f up.
charge of fire-arms.
for use
<o afford.
[vapor.

jire.

Fum'y,

Producing fume

a.

full

I,

6, U, Y,long; A, E,

I,

6, 0, Y, Short;

CARE- FAR, ASK, ALL

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TlEM PIQUE, FIRM; S6N

;

;;;
;

:;

FUSILEEK

GALIOT

179

twilled cotton stuff, including cordu2. An inflated

armed with a fusil
roy, velveteen, &c.
Fu.-il-ier/
soldier
style of writing; a swelling style;
i if modem times, an infantrj
a.
1. Made of fustian.
bombast.
wearing a bear- skin cap like that of
2. Swelling
too pompous inflated
a grenadier.
turgid
bombastic.
FU'ION, re. [Lat. fusio, from fundere,
[Sy.fustoc, fustete. Cf.
to melt.] 1. Act or operation of melt- Fus'TI, re.
L&t.fustis, stick, staff, in L. hat. tree.]
ing, without the aid of a solvent.
Wood of a tree growing in the West
3. Union
2. State of being melted.
Indies, used in dyeing yellow.
or blending of things into oneness, as
Fust'i-ness,
fusty quality
together.
re.
melted
if

FC'sIL-eer',

Formerly

n.

soldier

moldiness.
Fuss, re. [A.-S.fhs, ready, quick.] A
[-er -est, 142.]
tumult a bustle an annoying ado. Fust'y, a.
Fust.] Moldy musty rank
v. i. [-ED -1NG .] To make a bus;

[-ER; -EST, 142.] Making, or disposed to make, a fuss, or

unnecessary ado about trifles.

Fust,

a.

w.

[Cf.

Foist and

cask, mustiness.]
smell mustiness.

0. ~Er.fust,
strong, musty

Fus'TlAN

was made.]

i.

e.,

1.

Fu'tile,

ill-

[Lat. futilis, worthless,

Of no
fundere, to pour out.]
a.

re.
[Corrupt.
either fa. foot-lock or fr.
foot-hook.]
One of the
middle timbers of a vessel
between the floor and the
upper timbers.
Futtock-plates, plates of
iron to which the dead-eyes

Futtoclare
secured.
shrouds, small shrouds over
the lower ones.
Fut'ure (53), a. [L&t.futurus, prop. fut. p. of esse, eyes'; 6&,futto be.] About to be
lia- tock-plates;
c.
futtockble to come hereafter.
shrouds.
n.
Time to come.

Fu-tu'ri-ty,

re.

1.

State of being

signed
Syx.

fase, fasen, filament, fiber.]

effect.

Useless

vain

worthless; tri-

or effect

Fine,

light particles.
interj.
[H. Ger. pfui, Gr. <f>ev.
Cf. FlE.]
word expressing blame,
dislike, disapprobation, or contempt.

FY,

re.

kind of coarse

Fut'TOCK,

from
2. Time to come.
yet to come.
weight or importance answering no FtJZZ, v. i. [See infra.] To fly off in
failing
devaluable purpose
of the
minute particles. re.
[Cf.
Ger.

fling.
[From
Cairo, where Fu-TIL'1-TY,

(t'ust'yan, 68,97),

Fostat, or Fossat,
it

smelling.

or ado.

Fuss'y,

[See

tle

Want

re.

of importance

uselessness.

G.
1. A light spear used by fishermen.
Gain'er, re. One who gains.
the seventh letter of the Engalphabet, has two sounds
2. A boom, extending the upper edge GAIN'FUL, a.
1. Producing profit or
one simple (the hard sound), as in
of a fore-and-aft sail.
advantage profitable advantageous.
gave, go, gull; the other compound, Gaf'fer. re.
[Contr. fr. godfather.]
2. Lucrative.
An old fellow ; an aged rustic.
Gain'FUL-LY, adv. With gain.
like that ofj (the soft sound), as in
gem, gin, gyve.
See Principles of Gaf'FLE, re. [Icel. gaffall, fork, W. Gain-say', or Gaiint'say, v. t. [imp.
Pronunciation, 72-75.
An artificial spur
gaft, fork, angle.]
& p. p. GAINSAID.] [A.-S. gean,
Gab, n. [See Gape.] The mouth;
put on game-cocks.
against, and say.]
To contradict;
v. i. GlG,v.t. [-ged; -ging,13G.] [A.-S.
hence, idle prate loquacity.
to dispute.
1. To stop Galn-sAy'er, or
[-BED; -BING, 136.] [A.-S.gabban,
edggian, to lock, shut.]
Gain'say-er, re.
To talk
the mouth of, by thrusting in someto scoff, jeer. See supra ]
One who gainsajr s or denies.
thing
hence, to silence.
2. To GAIR'ISH, a.
idly
to prate.
[Cf. A.-S. gearn, ready,
cftuse to heave M-ith nausea.
v. i.
Gab'ar-d'i'ne/ (-deen'), re.
[Sp. gabgare, streak, stripe, and 0. Eng. gare,
To heave with nausea.
n.
Someardina, gaban, a great-coat, with a
to stare.] Gaudy showy affectedly
thing thrust into the mouth to hinhood.] A kind of coarse frock or
fine.
der speaking.
loose upper garment.
Gait, re.
[See Gate.]
1.
Walk
[-ED;-ING.] [Dim. Gage, re. [Fr. gage, from Goth, vadi,
Gab'ble, v.i.
march; way. 2. Manner of walking.
pledge, A.-S. tcedd.]
1. A pledge or
To prate to jabber to
of gab.]
GAI'TER, re. [Cf. Fr. guetre.] 1. A
Loud or
pawn. 2. A challenge to combat a
babble, to chatter.
n.
"covering of cloth for the ankle. 2. A
glove cast on the ground by the
rapid talk without meaning.
kind of shoe, covering the ankle.
Gab'bler, re. One who gabbles.
challenger, and taken up by the ac- Ga'LA, re. [Fr. gala, show, pomp, A.cepter.
3. A measure or standard.
Ga'BI-ON, re. [Lat. cavea. See CAGE.]
S. gal, wanton, merry.] Pomp, show,
[-ed; -ing.]
See Gauge. v. t.
A wicker cylinder filled with earth,
or festivity.
To bind by pledge or security to enand used in constructing temporary
Gala-day, a day of mirth and festivity;

G(je),
lish

defenses.
n.
[0. H. Ger. gabala, fork,
gibil, gable, housetop.]
Vertical tri-

Ga'ble,

angular end of a building, from the

eaves to the top.
GXD,re- [A.-S. gad.] 1. Point of a spear.
2.
A wedge-shaped instrument of
metal.
[-ded
3. A goad.
v.i
-DING, 136.] [Cf. Ir. gad, to steal,
orig. to rove.]
To rove idly.

GXd'-a-bout',

Gad'der,
Gad'fly,

re.
One who roves
idly
a rambler.
[Eng. gad, goad, and

re.

An insect which

stings cattle.
Gae'lic (ga'lik), a. Belonging to the
Gael, tribes of Celtic origin inhabiting the Highlands of Scotland.
re.
Language of the Highlanders.
GXff , re. [Fr. gaffe Gael gaf, gafa.]
fly.]

or, do,

Gai'e-ty, re. See Gayety.

[gage.
Gai'ly, adv. SeeGAYEY.
Gain, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [L. Lat. gainare, to plow, till, fr. 0. H. Ger. weidanon, weidanjan, to feed, hunt.]
1. To get, as a profit
to acquire
;

to win.
2. To be successful in.
To conciliate. 4. To arrive at.

3.

To win. Gam implies only

we fret something by exerdon; win,
we do it in competition with others.

Syx.
that
that

person gains knowledge, or gains a

prize, simply by striving for it

he wins
a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it
;

from otbers in a struggle between them.

v. To have advantage or profit

to advance in interest or happiness.

That which gained profit

i.

re.

1.

is

advantage ; benefit.
accumulation.

wolf, too, 20 OK/ urn rue, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

2.

Acquisition

c, G,

soft.-

a holiday.

GAL'AX-Y,

re.
[Gr. yaAa^ias (sc. kvk.1. The Milky
yd\a, milk.]
Any splendid assemblage.
Gale re [Icel. giola,gola, cool wind;
allied to Lat. gelu, cold, A.-S. galan,

Aos,

fr.

Way.
,

2.

to congeal.] 1. A wind stronger than

current of air a
a stiff breeze. 2.
3. A state of excitelight breeze.
ment or hilarity.
Ga'le-ate , ) a. [Lat. galeare, -atus,
Ga/le-a'ted, J to cover with a hel-

Covered as with a helmet.

Sulphuret of
[Lat.]
re.
an ore of lead.
galiot,
N. FrGal't-OT, re.
[0. Fr.
met.]

Ga-ee'na,
lead

Sp. galeota, It. galeotta.

Galley.]
small galley or
sort of brigantine, built for chase.

galiote,

See

,G,hard;

AS.;

EJIST

nosng; this

GALIPOT
Gal'i-POT,

n.
[Fr. galipot, wild pine
or pitch tree. Of. Gallipot.] A
white resinous juice from pine or fir
trees.

GALL,

gealla, allied to
! ^ ne bitter liquid in
the gall-bladder, beneath the liver.
2. Any thing bitter spite malignity.
Excrescence on the
3. [Lat. gal/a.]
v. t.
bark or leaves of a plant.
[ED; -ING.] [Fr. galer, to scratch,
1. To
gale, scurf, scab. See supra.}
excoriate to chafe. 2. To tease to
vex. 3. To harass; to annoy.
GXl'lant, a. [See Gala.] 1. Showy
[A.-S.

n.
Gr. x oAl

magnificent. 2. High-spirheroic.
3. (Pron. gal-Ian t'.)
ited
Polite and attentive to ladies.

splendid

Syn.

Courageous

brave. Coura-

generic, denoting an inward

brave is
pirit winch rises above fear
more outward, marking a spirit which
braves or defies danger; gallant rises still
higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure.
courageous man is ready for battle
a
brave man courts it ; a' gallant man
dashes into the midst of the conflict.

jeour

is

Gal-lant'

(116), n.

paying attention
lover; a suitor.

to

One fond of

1.

v.

ladies.

[-ED

t.

GARBLE

130

2.

-ING.]

To attend or wait on, as a lady.

Gal'lant-ly, adv. Gayly nobly

from gallina, hen, gallus, cock.j

Belonging to an order of birds in-

11s,

cluding the common domestic fowls.

GAL'Ll-lNiP/PER, n. [Prob. from gall
and nip.] A large mosquito.
Gal'li-poT, n. [Prob. a fine painted
A
pot, from Fr. gala, show, finery.]
small, glazed earthen pot, used by
apothecaries.

Gal'lon,

[0. Fr. galon, jalon.]

n.

measure of capacity containing

GAME'-OCK, n. Accck bred to fight

Game'-LEG, n.
[W. cam, or gam,

crooked.]

lame or crooked

a.

Gay;

Game'ster,

n.

lEng. game and the

gambler.

suffix ster.}

GAm'mer, n.
An old wife
Gam'mon, n.

frolicsome.

[Contr.

fr.

godmother]

correlative of gaffer.

gambon, N.

[0. Fr.

jambon, from gambe, jambe,

smoked ham.

An imposition

four quarts.

leg.

GA.ME's6ME,

Fr,

leg.']

Backgammon.

2.

or hoax.

v.

t.

3.

[-ED

n. [Fr. galon, from gala,

show. See Gala.] A ribbon or tape-

-ING.] 1. To make bacon of. 2. To

beat in a certain way at backgam-

binding garments, &c.

[-ED; -ing.] [Goth.
A.-S. gehleapan. See
Leap.]
1. To run with leaps or
2. To move
bounds, as a horse.
n.
A mode of runvery rapidly.
ning by a quadruped in successive
leaps or bounds.

mon. 3. To impose on to humbug

GXm'UT, n. [Gr. yafxpa, third letter
of the Gr. alphabet, and ut, name ot

GAL-LOON',

like tissue for

v. i.

GAl'lop,

ga-hlavpan,

GXl'LO-WAY,
of a small

n.

species of horses,
bred in Gallo-

size, first

The musical

musical note.]

scale.

Gam'y,

a.
1. Having the flavor of
dead game on the verge of being
2.
tainted.
Showing an unyielding

spirit to the last.

GXn'der,

n.
[A.-S. gandra, ganra,
from gos, Eng. goose.] Male of the

way, in Scotland.

GXl'i.ows (gahlus), n. sing.; pi. GANG,

gal'lows-es. [A.-S., Goth, galga.]
way,
1.

An instrument

criminal. 2. pi.
ers or braces.

hanging a

for

pair of suspend-

GAN'GLl-ON,

Ga-loche'

(ga-losh'), n. [Fr., fr. Lat.

galliba, (sc. crepida), a Gallic shoe.]

gang, a going pace,

n.
[A.-S.
gallery.]

1.

A company;

ordinarily used of persons in low or

2.
servile positions.
SeeGANGUE.
[Gr.

n.

swelling, tumor.]

1.

yayykiov,

collection of

from which nerve fibers

bravely.
[wooer.
proceed. 2. A lymphatic gland. 3. A
1. An overshoe. 2. A gaiter to cover
Gal-la nt'ly, adv. Like a gallant or
hard, indolent tumor, on a tendon.
the upper part of the foot.
Gal'lant-ness, n. State of being Gal-vXn'I, a. Pertaining to, con- Gan'GRENE, n. [Gr. ydyypcuva., from
gallant; gayety nobleness bravery.
First stage
ypcuVeiv, to gnaw, eat.]
taining, or exhibiting, galvanism.
Gal'lant-ry,??. 1. Bravery. 2. Po- Gal'VA-nism, n. [From Galvani, the
v. i.
of mortification of living fle-sh.
lite attention
to ladies in a bad
To become mortified to lose vitality
discoverer] Electricity developed by
Gan'gre-nous,
Mortified;
putrisense, intrigue.
a.
chemical action between different
;

nerve

cells

A
n.
[See Galley.]
large ship, with three or four decks,
formerly used by the Spaniards.
Gal'LER-y, n. [Fr. galerie, a gallery,
orig. a banqueting hall, from gale,
magnificence. See GALA.] 1. A long
Gal'le-on,

connecting passage-way. 2. A collection of paintings, sculptures, &c.

3. A long platform attached to the
side of the interior of a building. 4.
A frame like a balcony, projecting
from the stern of a ship.
GAL'LEY, n. [Of. Lat. galea, helmet,
dim. galeola, a hollow vessel.] 1. A
low, flat-built vessel, navigated with
sails and oars.
2. Cook-room of a
ship of war. 3. A frame for holding
type that has been set up.

Gal'ley-slave,

n.

One condemned

to work at the oar on a galley.

GXl'LI, a. 1. Belonging to, or de-

rived from, galls.

Gaul or France.
Gal'li-cIsm, n.

2.

Pertaining to

A mode

of speech

peculiar^ to the French.

Gal'li-cize,

V. t. [-ED
-ing.] To
render conformable to the French
language.
GXL'Ll-G-AS'KiNg, n. pi.
[Either because first worn by the Gallic Gascons, or corrupted from Lat. caligx
Vasconum, Gascon hose.] 1. Large,
open hose or trowsers. 2. Leather
guards worn on the legs by sports;

men.
fiXL Ll-NA'CEOu's, a. [Lat. gallinace/

\ E,

I,

o. u,

Y,long;

&,%

I,

[vanism.

substances.

Gal'va-njst, n. One versed in galGal'va-nize, v. t. [-ed;-ing] 1.

To affect with galvanism. 2. To
plate or coat with metal, as zinc,

to

[Fr., fr. 0. Fr.

n.

march, walk,fr. gamb",

GXm'ble,!-.

[-ed

i.

To play

of game.]

gambier,

for jambe,

A mode

{Chess-playing.)
opening the game.

leg.]

-ING.]
for

of

[Dim.
or

money

other stake.

Gam'bler, n. One whogambles.

Gam-boge', or GAM-boge', n. A
concrete vegetable juice, of a beautiful reddish-yellow color.
[-ED, -ING; or -LEX),
i.
-LING, 137.] To dance and skip
[Fr. gambade,
about in sport.
n.
A
fr. 0. Fr. gambe, for jambe, leg.]
skipping about in frolic a skip.
Gam'brel, n. [0. Fr. gambe, for
jambe, leg.] 1. Hind leg of a horse.
2. A stick crooked like a horse's leg,
used by butchers.

GAM'BOL,r.

Game,?!.

[A.-S.

gamen, gomen.]

1.

Sport of any kind; jest; frolic. 2. A

contrivance or arrangement to furnish sport or amusement. 3. A single
match at play. 4. Animals hunted.
Ready to
5. Scheme pursued. a.
fight to the last, like a game-cock
[-ED
v. i.
courageous
brave.
-ING.] 1. To play at any sport. 2.
To play for a stake to gamble.

6, U, Y, short: cAre, far, ask, all,

(gang), n. [Fr.,equiv. to Ger.

gang, a metallic vein.] Mineral substance inclosing any metallic ore in

the vein.
k.
A passage or way,
into or out of ~ny inclosed place.
Gant'LET,
n. [ Gantlet, for gauntGant'lope, ) let, an iron glove,
corrupted fr. gantlope ; gantlope, for
gatelope, fr. L. Ger. gate, a lane, and
lopen, to run.]
A military punishment in which the offender is made
files of men who
two
to run between
strike him as he passes.
GAOL (jal), n. See JAIL.

GAng'way,

means of galvanism.*

properly by

Gam/bit,

fied.

Gangue

GXp,m.

Gab and Gape.]

[See

ing; breach.

Gape

(in Eng. commonly pron. gap),

[A.-S. geapan*
v.i.
[-ED; -iNfi.]
to open.] 1. To open the mouth
wide to yawn. 2. To open, as a gap.
n. 1. Act of gaping. 2. Width ot
the mouth when opened, as of birds.
Garb, n. [0. H. Ger. garawl, gar wi,
Clothing;
1
ornament, dress.]
hence,
dress.
2. Fashion of dress
exterior appearance.
garber,
to
make
Fr.
GXr'BAGE, n. [0.
fine, neat, fr. A.-S. gearwian, to prematter
from
refuse
the
pare.] Offal

a kitchen.

Gar'ble,
Lat.

v.

[-ED; -ING.] [From

dim. of cribrum.

t.

cribellum,

sieve.]

1.

To

sift

WHAT ERE, VEIL, TERM;

;

An

opening made by breaking or part-

or bolt. 2.

To pick

PIQUE, FIRM; SON

GARBLES
may serve a pur[or selects.
to mutilate.
Gar'bler, n. Oue who garbles, sifts,
Gar'djen ( 72), n. [from A.-S. ge'ard,

out such parts of as

talon.]

pose

by strangulation,

Eng. yard.

See

GIRD,

.]

Place

1.

for the cultivation of fruits, flowers,

rich, well-cultior vegetables. 2.
vated tract of country.
v. i. [-ED
-ING.] To cultivate a garden.
Gar'd.en-er (gar'dn-er), n. One who

makes and tends a garden.

Ga.r'd.en-ing, n.
Art of cultivating
gardens horticulture.
GXR'GLE, v. t, [-ED -ING.] [Ger.
;

io
See GURGLE.]
gurgel, throat.
wash or rinse, as the mouth or thro.it.
7i. A liquid preparation for washing the mouth.
Gar'govle, n. [See Gargle.]
projecting water-spout in ancient
buildings.
GAR'LAND, n. [0. Sp. guarlanda, fr.
0. II. Ger. wiara, wiera, crown, with
the suffix ancla.] A wreath or chaplet of branches, flowers, feathers,
-ING.]
v. t. [-ed
&c. ; a coronal.
To crown or deck with a garland.
Gar'LIG, ft. [A.-S. garledc, from gar,
spear, and leak, leek, from the leaves
rising like spears.] A plant, having
a strong smell, and an acrid, pungent

oAR'MENT,

n.

[0.

Eng. garnement,

Any

garnir, to garnish.]
of clothing.

fr.

Gar'ner,

article

an iron

collar

[-ed; -ing.]

v.t.
screwed tight.
To strangle with the garrote; hence,
to seize by the throat from behind,

so as to strangle

GAR-ROT'ER,

and rob.

One who

ft.

garrote3 a
[quacity.

person.

long, prosy talk, with repetition.

Syx.

loquacious.
Talkative
garrulous person indulges in Ion?:, prosy
talk, with frequent repetitions
and
lengthened details
talkative implies
simply a great desire to tulk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command.
;

A child

a lively woman
old man in his dotage

talkative

is

loquacious ; an
garrulous.

Gar'TER,/i.

ROTE.]

[Fr. jarreticre. See

1.

band used

is
is

GAR-

to tie a

stocking to the leg. 2. Highest order

of knighthood in Great Britain.
v.t. [-ed; -ING.] 1. To bind with
a garter. 2. To invest with the order
of the Garter.
Gas, n. [Fr. gaz ; a word invented by
Van Helmont. Cf. A.-S. gctst, Ger.
geist, spirit, ghost.]
An aeriform

one used for

elastic fluid, especially

[Lat. granarium.
See
place where
granary
-ING.]
grain is stored.
v. t. [-ED
To store in a granary.
Gar'net, ft.
[L. Lat. granatus (so.

from Lat. granatum

(sc.

about

notice to.

ft.

(Lavj.)

3.

it.

1.

To

give

Decoration; orna-

round a

ment.
2. Something
dish as an embellishment.
Gar'nisii-ee', n. One in whose hands
the property of another has been attached; a trustee.
set

Gar'NISh-ment,

n.

Ornament

1.

decoration. 2. Legal notice to one

to appear and give information to a
court.

Gar'ni-ture
garnishes

(53), n.

That which

embellishment.

Gar'ret,

ft.
[0. Fr. garite, place of
refuge sentinel-box, from garir, to
preserve, fr. Goth, varjan.] Part of a
house immediately under the roof.
Gar'ret-eer', ft. An inhabitant of
a garret a poor author.
Gar'ri-son (-sn), n. [0. Eng. garnisoun. See Garnish.] 1. A body of
troops in a fort or fortified town. 2.
A strong place, in which troops are
quartered.
v.t. [-ED
-ING.] To
secure by a garrison.
Gar-rote', n. [Sp., fr. garra, cl *w,
;

or, dq, wolf, too,

Art or science o

epicurism.

n.
[A.-S. geat, gat, gate, door,
A.-S. getan, Eng. get.] 1.
pas-

fr.

sage-way in the wall of a city, a

grand edifice, &c. also, the framework which closes the passage. 2.
An avenue a means of entrance.
GATE'-WAY, h. A passage through a
fence or wall a gate.
Gath'er, v. t. [-ed -INC.] [A.-S.
gaderian, gadherian, from gador, at,
the same time.] 1. To bring togeth-

il-

2. To harvest
er
to collect.
to
pick. 3. To draw together, as a picco
of cloth, by a thread to plait.
4.
To infer to conclude.
v. i.
1. To
come together; to collect. 2, To
come to a head, as a sore.
n.
fold made by drawing a thread
;

through.

Gath'er-ing,

ft.
That which
brought together, as a crowd.

Gat'ling-gijn,

[From the

ft.

ventor, Gatling.]

is

in-

revolving ma-

chine-gun.

Gaud'i-ly, adv. In a gaudy manner.

GAUD'Y.a. [-ER; -est, 142.] Ostentatiously fine showy.
[-ed -ing.] [0.
(gUj), v. t.
Fr. ganger, gaugier.]
To ascertain
the contents of, as of a pipe or hogs;

Gauge

Gas'gon-ade', m. [Fr., fr. Gascon,

an inhabitant of Gascony.] A boast

head.
ft.
1. An instrument to determine dimensions or capacity. 2. Di-

a vaunt.
v. i. [-ed
-ING.] To boast to brag to vaunt.
Gas'e-ous, a. 1. In the form of gas.
2. Lacking solidity
tenuous.
Gas'-f'ixt'ure n.
A bracket or

mensions estimate.
3. Apparatus
for measuring t'.ie state of a phenomenon. 4. Position with reference to
a vessel and to the wind. 5. Distance between the rails of a railway.

Gau'ger, ft. An officer whose busi[-ed -ing.] [Prob. fr.

v. t.
ness is to ascertain the contents of
Fr. hachcr, to hew, chop.] To make
casks.
a gash, or long, deep incision in.
dtxAUNT (gant), a. [Perh. contr. from
deep and long cut, particularly
ft.
A.-S. gewaned, waned, diminished.]
[verting into gas.
in flesh.
Lean meager.
Gas'i-fi-ga'tion, n.
Act of con- Gaunt'let, ft.
[Fr. gantelet, from
[-ED
-ING, 142.]
Gas'i-fy, v. t.
gant, glove.] 1. A large glove with
[Eng. gas and Lat. facere, to make.]
plates of metal on the back. 2. A
To convert into gas.
long glove, covering the wrist.
chandelier for gas.

ma- Gash,

lum), pomegranate, from its resemblance to the seeds of the pomegranate.]

A mineral of a deep -red color.
Gar'nish, v. t. [-ed -ING.] [0. Fr.
guarnir, warnir, to warn, protect, fr.
A.-S. warnian, to take care, beware.]
2. To
1. To adorn
to embellish.
ornament, as a dish with something

good eating

Gate,

Gar-ru'li-ty, ii. Talkativeness loGar'ru-LOUS, a.

[Lat. garrulus, fr.
gamre, to chatter.] Indulging in

or boasting

n.

GRAIN.]

laid

-with

luminating purposes.

taste.

lapis),

GAZE

Spanish mode of execution Gas-tron'o-my,

[Fr. garcette.]
ft.
A flat,
plaited cord used to furl the sail, or
tie it to the yard.
Gas'-me'ter, n. An instrument for

Gas'KET,

measuring the quantity of gas con-

sumed in a given time.

Gas-om'E-ter, n. A gas-holder or
reservoir.

[gases.

Gar-om'e-try,

Art of measuring
-ing.] [Iccl. geispa, to gape.] 1. To labor for breath.
2.
To pant with eagerness.
v. t.
To emit with gaspings.
n. A painful catching of the breath.

Gasp,

v.

n.

[-ED

?'.

Gas'TRIG,

stomBelonging to the stomach.

ach.]

a. [Gr. yao-r-qp, belly,

Gas-triL'o-quy, n. [Gr. yao-rqp,

ly, and Lat. loqui, to speak.]

bel-

voice or utterance appearing to proceed from the stomach ventriloquy.

GAS-TRON'O-MER, ft. [Gr. yaar-qp,
belly, and i>6p.og, law.]
One fond of
good living an epicure.
Gas'tro-nom'ig,
a. Relating to
;

GAUZE,

[Introduced from Gaza,

A very thin, transparcf silk or linen.
GAVE, imp. of Give.
Gav'el, ft. [0. Fr. gavelle, dim. from
Lat. capulus, handle.] 1. A small
heap of grain, not tied up. 2. Mallet
of a presiding officer.
Gawk, ft. [A.-S. gedc, gdc, cuckoo,
simpleton.] 1. A cuckoo. 2. A simpleton a booby.
Gawk'y,o. [-er; -est, 142.] Foolish
stuff,

and awkward clumsy and clownish.

.
An awkward, stupid fellow;

TOOK; ORN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

o, silent

a clown

a lout
Gay, a. [-er; -est.] [0. II. Ger.
ga/ti, headlong, swift, excellent.]
L
Excited with merriment or delight.
2. Having many or showy colors.
Merry; gleeful; blithe; livcl/j
Sy^.
;

frolicsome; jovial; vivacious.

GrAY'E-TY, ft.
merriment.
Gay'ly, adv.

GasTRO-nom'ig-al,
gastronomy.
rily.
Gas-tron'o-mist n. A gastronomer. Gaze,
j

ft.

in Palestine.]

ent

State of benrj g?y?

1.
2.

Finery
1.

Splendidly

v.

i.

c, G, soft; , g, hard; Af,

show.

With mirth; mer-

2.

[-ed

EXIST

showily.
-ing.] [Cf. Gr.

as

NG this
;

;
;

GAZELLE
6em'ME-ol;s,

gemma, bud,

netian coin,
price of the first newspaper published

newspaper; esp., an
v. t.
official newspaper or journal.
To publish in a ga[-ed; -ING.]
at Venice.]

zette
to announce
Gaz'et-teer', n.
;

officially.

),

DARMES. [Vv., a man

An armed policeman.

A
A

geographical

6en'e-a-log'I-al,

4.

a.

1.

Ptclating to a ge-

2.

Comprehending

3. Lax
species or individuals.
4. Widely spread
in signification.
5. Having a
prevalent extensive.
relation to all.

many

goods. 2. Clothing orna3. Horse- trappings.

toothed wheels
collectively, or their connection with
each other.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
dress to put on gear to harness.
GEAR'ing, n. 1. Harness. 2. A train
of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.
GEE, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Prob. from
To turn from
A.-S. gegan, to go.]
used in
the driver, said of cattle
the imperative.
fiEESE, n. pi. of Goose.
GEL'A-BLE, a. [Lat. gelare, to conCapable of being congealed
geal.]
or converted into jelly.
GE-LAT'I-NATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To convert into gelatine, or into a

ments

mon

met with

Common ; universal. Comdenotes that a thing is very often

general is stronger, denoting
that it pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a genus orwholc;
universal, that it pertains to all without
exception. To be able to read and write
is so cmnmonnn attainment in this counSyn.

dress.

A toothed wheel, or

[Lat. generosus. See

a.

Noble;

1.

honorable;

Open-handed; munifiAbundant.
4.
Strong

spirited.

2.

cent.
3.
exciting.

Syn. Liberal; magnanimous; boun-

One who

n.

11.
[A.-S. geara, gearwa, provision, furniture.]
1. Manufactured

material

GENDER.]

Pertaining

a.

traces
the descent of persons or families.
GEN'E -al'o-gize, v. i. To relate the
history of de?ceta.
6en / E-AL'0-GY, 11. [Gr. yeveakoyCa
and Aoyo?,
yei/ea, birth, descent,
History of the de1.
discourse.]
scent of a person or family from an
ancestor; pedigree. 2. Lineage.
6en'er-A, n. ; pi. of Genus.

at with scorn.

1.

nificence.

GEN'ER-ofis,

to genealogy.

Gen'e-al'o-gYst,

GEAR,

a.

GEN'ER-AL,

that

Pertaining to
a genus or kind.
2. Very compiehensive.
GEN'er-6s'I-ty, M.
1.
Quality oi
being generous
nobleness of birth
or of soul. 2 Liberality in giving.
Syn.
Magnanimity; liberality; mu-

person gazed

One who, or

n.
(

[Lat. genus, generis,

n.
birth, descent, kind, gender.] 1. Sex.
A difference in words to express
[-ed;
distinction of sex.
v. t.
-ING.]
To beget to engender.

2.

nus or kind.
n.

at arms.]

6e-NER'ic,
GE-ner'1-al,

Gen'der,

dictionary.

Gaz'ing-stock,

GEN'ER-A'TOR,

which, generates.

[Lat. gemmifer
and/>m\ to produce.]

Producing, or multiplying by, buds.

[From gazzetta, a Veworth about 3 farthings,

or

GENDARME (zhong'diirm n.; pi.

GE N H- J>' A RM E S, or GEN-

n.

to,

re embling, gems.

Ga-zette',

Pertaining

a.

GEM-MiF'ER-O0S,a.

To gape; stare. To gaze is to

Syn.
look with fixed and prolonged attention,
awakened by excited interest or elevated
emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with
open mouth and feelings of ignorant
wonder; to store is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover
of nature f/azes with delight on the beauthe rustic gapes
ties of the landscape
with wonder at the strange sights of a
large city
the idiot stares on those
around with a vacant look.
2.
1.
fixed or eager look.
n.
Object gazed on.
[Ar. gaza', a wild
Ga-zelle', n.
A small, swift, graceful antegoat.J
lope, found ia northern Africa.
Gaz'ER, n. One who gazes.

GENIUS

182

to be astonished, and
To fix the
A. -IS. gdsan, to smite.]
eyes in a steady and earnest look.

aydeo-Oai,

;,

tiful.
#

GEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv.

In a generous

manner.
CiEN'E-SIS, n. [Gr. yeveo-is, fr. yvea>,
to beget, be born.]
1. Act of givii.g
birth or origin to any thing forma;

tion

origination.

2. First

book of

the Old Testament.

GEN'E T, n. [0. fi]>.ginete, horse, Gr.
ytWos, a dwarfed horse.] 1. A smallsized Spanish horse
a jennet.
2.
[Fr. genette.] A carnivorous animal,
allied to the civet.
Ge-net'ic,
Pertaining to, or
a.
GE-NET'I-AL, J concerned with, the
genesis of any thing.
[to origin.
Ge-nt'I-AL-LY, adv. In reference
GE-NE'VA, n. [Fr. genevre, genievre,
juniper, gin.] A spirit distilled from
grain, and flavored with juniper-ber;

ries.

Ge'NI-AL,
NIUS.]

a.
1.

[Lat. genialis. See GEContributing to propaga-

we mny pronounce it general,

tion generative productive. 2. Symthough by no means universal.
pathetically cheerful and cheering.
2. Chief officer Ge'ni-al'i-TY, n.
1. The whole.
it.
Quality of being
in an administration especially, one
genial sympathetic cheerfulness.
of the chief military officers of a gov- GE-NIG'U-LA'TION, n. [Lat. genicuernment.
State of being
lum a little knee.]
GEN'ER-AL-Is'si-MO, n. [It.] Chief
bent abruptly at an angle.
commander of an army force.
GEN'I-TAL, a. [Lat. genitalis ; gen ere
GEN'ER-AL'I-TY, vi. 1. State cf being
Pertaining to generation
to beget.]
general. 2. A general or vague state- GEN'l-TALs, 7i. pi. The sexual organs.
ment or phrase. 3. Main body the GEN'I-TiVE, n. [Lat. genitivvs, frrm
try tint.

[generalizing.

bulk.

gignere, to beget.]

A case in

the de-

Act of
GCn'er-al-i-za'tion, n.
clension of nouns, expressing such
[-ED; -ING.]
GEL'A-TINE, n. [From Lat. gelare, to GEN'ER-AL-IZE, V. t.
relations as are expressed in English
1. To bring under a genus or under
Pertaining to, or indicongeal.]
An animal substance that
a.
by of.
2.
To make universal in
genera.
dissolves in hot water, and forms a
cating, origin, possession, &c.
application, as a formula or rule.
jelly on cooling.
GfcN'l-TOR, n. A sire a father.
GE-lXt'i-nous, a.
Of the nature of GEN'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. In general
Gen'IUS (jSn/yus,!!!),^. [Lat., prop,
2. In the
commonly extensively.
gelatine; resembling jelly.
the divine nature which is innate in
main on the whole.
Geld, v. t. [imp. & p. p. gelded,
every thing, talent, from genere, to
1. Office of a
[A.-S. gylte, castrated.] GEN'er-al-ship, ii.
1. Special taste, inclination,
or GELT.]
beget.]
2. Skill and conduct of a
general.
2. To deprive of any
or disposition. 2. Distinguished men1. To castrate.
general officer.
esp., superior power
tal superiority
_ thing essential. 3. To expurgate.
[-ED
-ING.]
3- A man endowed
Geld'ing, n. 1. Act of castrating. GEN'ER-ATE, V. t.
of invention.
substance resembling

jelly.

castrated horse.
el'ID, a. [Lat. gelidus, from gelu,
Cold very cold.
. frost.]
2.

Cem,
2.

n.

[Lat.

gemma.]

1.

bud.
a

precious stone of anv kind

jewel.

v.

t.

[-med; -MING,

136.]

To adorn with gems.

GEM-MA'TION, n. Formation of a
new individual by protrusion of anv
part of an animal or plant, which
may then become free or remain
connected with the parent stalk
i,

See GENgenerate, -ratum.

DER.] 1. To beget to procreate. 2.
To originate to produce to cause.
Gen'er-A'tion, ??. 1. Act of gener2. Origination
ating or begetting.
formation.
3.
by some process
Progeny offspring. 4. A single succession in natural descent hence,
the people living at one period also,
an age. 5- Race; kind: breed.
GEN'E r-a-tYve a. Having the power of generating
[Lat.

6, u, \,long; A, , 1, 6, tJ,Y ,s/iorf;

uncommon

vigor of mind.
Peculiar character.

with

4.

Genivs implies high

Talent.
And peculiar gifts of nature, impelling
the mind to certain favorite kinds of

Syx.

mental

effort,

smd producing new com-

Talehl
binations of'ideas, imagery, &c.
supposes general strength of intellect,
with a peculiar aptitude for being moldemployments,
ed ;md directed to specific
rnd valuable ends and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the
exercise of imagination, and reachesits
tnds by a kind of intuitive power. Tal-

care, far, Ask, all, what; ere,, veil, :Saai; pique, firm; SON

GENIUS
and

ing",

command

a perfect

of

train-

all

Gfi'NUS, n.

the

try,

ness or diplomacy.

subordinate to

Ge'xi-us,

gen'e-ra.

; pi.

[Lat.,

(150).

n. ; pi. ge'ni-i.
1.
tutelary deity supposed by the ancieuts to preside over a man's destiheuce, a supernatural
ny in life

and

tribe

A native

1.

of Germany.

The German language.

GER-MANE', a.
Lit., near

fr. genere, gignere, to engender.]

1.
(Logic.) A class of objects divided
into several subordinate species.
2.
(Science.) An assemblage of species

memory, judgment, sagacity,

Hence we speak of a genius for poepainting, &c, and a talent tor busi-

faculties,

&c.

GIANT

183

depends more on high mental

ent

hence, closely allied

relevant.

Gr'MAN-im, n. An idiom
German language.

sub-tribe.
[Gr. ye'a, or

2.

akin;
of the

GE/0-EN'TRI,
Ger'sii-nal, a. Pertaining to a g^rm.
la.
GE'O-^EN'TRIC-AL, ( y7),eartii, and GER'MI-NATE, V. i.
[-ED
-ING.J
[L&t.germinare,-natum.] Tosprout:
Having reference
nevrpov, center.]
to the earth as center.
to bud; to shoot.
v. t.
To causo
being. 2. Animating spirit.
to sprout.
&EN-TEEL', a. [Lat. gentilis, belong- GE-6d'e-sy, n. [Gr. yeojSaio-ux, from
GER'MI-NA'TlON,ra. 1. Act of sproutye'a, yij, earth, and Saietv, to divide.]
ing to the same race, fr. gens, race,
T
That
branch
of
surveying
in
which
ing.
2. Time in which seeds vegetate,
1. W ell bred; easy
stock, family.]
;

2. Elegant in appearin manners.

ance, dress, or manner.
Syk. Polite; refined; fashionable.

6en-teel'ly
teel

In a gen-

adv.

(109),

manner.

UEN'TIAN

(jen'shan), n.

[Lat. genti-

the curvature of the earth

into account.

GE-OG'O-NY, n.
earth, and yoi/i?,

is

taken

after being planted.

[Lat. gerundium, from
n.
gerere, to bear.]
(Lat. Gram.)

GER'UND,

yea, yrj, the

generation.]
Doctrine of the formation of the earth.
GE-og'ra-pher, n.
One who is
versed in geography.

[Gr.

kind of verbal neuter noun, governing cases like a participle.

GES-TA'TION,

n.
[Lat. gestatio, fr.
gestare, to bear, to carry.] 1. Act of

a certain king Gentius.]

A GE'o-graph'ig,
Pertaining
carrying young in the womb prega.
bitter plant used in stomachic bitters.
Ge'O-GrXph'ic-al, J to geography.
nancy. 2. Passive exercise.
[Lat. gentilis, belong- GE-OG'RA-PHY,
ClEN'TlLE, n.
n.
[Lat. gestus, carriage,
[Gr. yeioypa^u'a, GES'TI, a.
same
clan
stock.]
ing to the
or
One
yea, yrj, the earth, and ypatyrj, degesture.] Pertaining to feats of arms
a worshipof a non-Jewish nation
scription.] The science whicli treats
legendary.
er of false gods a heathen.
a.
1.
of the world and its inhabitants.
Ges-tic'u-late, v.i. [-ed; -ING.]
Of pagan or heathen people. 2. De- GE'o-LOG're,
) a.
Pertaining to
[Lat. gestir.idari, -latum.]
To make
noting a race or country.
[ganism. GE'o-LOG'I-AL,
geology.
gestures or motions.
v. t.
To repj
6e\'til-Ts_m, n.
Heathenism
pa- Ge-6l'o-gist, n.
One versed in geresent by gesture.
GEN-txl'i-ty, n. Politeness of manology,
[study geology. 6ES-Tl''u-EA'TlON,n. 1. Act of gesner graceful and easy behavior.
GE-OL'O-GIZE, V. i. [-ED; -ING.] To
ticulating. 2. A gesture, [ticulates.
GEN'tle (jen'tl), a. [-ER; -est.] GE-OL'O-GY, n.
[Gr. yea, yrj, the Ges-t'1'U-la / tor, n.
One who ges[Lat. gentilis.] 1. Of a good family or
earth, and Aoyo?, discourse.] Science GiST'URE
[Lat. gerere, gesn.

ana,

fr.

respectable birth. 2. Soft and refined

v manners.

3.

toothing.
Syx.
Mild

Quiet and docile.

4.

meek tame. Gentle

describes the natural disposition
tame,
that which is subdued by training; mild
implies a temper which is, by nature,
not easily provoked meek; a spirit which
;

'

has been schooled to mildness by disci-

The lamb is'gentte ;

is tame; John, the
was mild; Moses was meek.

pline or suffering.
the domestic fowl
apostle,

(53),

treats of the structure and

mineral constitution of the globe and
of its history.
GE'O-MAN'CY, n. [Gr. yea, yrj, the
earth, and pavreCa, divination.] Divination by means of figures or lines,
t

Gen'tle-man (150), a.
teel.] 1. A man who
2.
3.

is

GE'o-MET'Rre,
GE'O-MET'Rre-AL,

One of gentle or refined manners.

One who bears arms, but has no

title.
#

GEn'tle-man-ly,

Pertaining to,

a.

or becoming a gentleman polite.

n.
Quality or state
of being gentle.
;

GEN'tle-ness,

6en'tle-wom'an

(150), n.

an of good

tan, gitan.]
1. To procure; to obtain; to acquire, by almost any

a. Pertaining to,
or according to,
J
the rules or principles of geometry.

skilled in

[See Genwell born.

or passion. v.i. [-ed; -ING.] To

_ make gestures to gesticulate.
GET, v. t. [imp. GOT p. p. GOT
(GOTTEN, obsolescent).] [A.-S. ge-

formed by little dots or points.

(iE-OM'E-TER, n. A geometrician.

geometry

GE-OM'E-TRY,

n.

means.

Gn'tle-f6lk (-fuk), or Gen'tle- GE-om'e-trI'cian

(-trTsh'an),?!. One
folks (-foks), n. pi. Persons of
good breeding and family.

tum, to bear, act.] A motion of the

body or limbs expressive of sentiment

which

a geometer.

[Gr. yeoojueTpia, fr.

yrj, the earth, and ixerpelv, to

measure.] That branch of mathematics which treats of solids, sur-

ye'a,

2.

To

possess (with have). 3

To beget to procreate. 4. To pre

vail on
to induce.
5. To procure
to be, or to occur.
v.i.
To come
;

_ to be; to become.

GEWGAW,

n.

[Of.

Tr.joujou, play-

and Eng. gaud, ornament.] A

showy trifle.
GEY'ser, n. [Icel. geysa, to be imthing,

faces, lines, and angles.

pelled.] A fountain in Iceland which
GE'O-PON'ICS, n. sing.
[Gr. ra yewspouts forth boiling water.
irov^ica, fr. yea, yrj, the earth, and 7rov- Ghast'li-ness (gast'-), n.
A deathikos, toilsome.] Art or science of cullike look.

tivating the earth.

[poem.
n.
[See infra.]
rural
la.
[Gr. yewpyi/cos,

Ghast'ly,

[-er ;
a.
S. gastlic, ghostly,

A wom- GEOR'GIG,
GEOR'GI,

-est, 142.] [A.spiritual.]

pale.

Ghost-like
death-like
_ Horrible shocking.
;

family or good breeding.

GEOR'GI-e-AL,
belonging to tillage,
6en'TLY, adv. Softly meekly.
fr. ye'a, yrj, the earth.]
Delating to GHER'KIN (gur'kin), n.
GEN'TRY, n. [For gentlery, fr. gentle.]
agriculture and rural affairs.
A_small cucumber for
People of education and good breedGE-RA'NI-tJM,
)

ing

TION,

genu, knee, and

Jlexio, a bending.] Act of bending
n.

[Lat.

from

[Lat. gfr.uinus, from

a.
genere, to beget, to be born.] Belonging to the original stock hence,
not spurious.
;

Syn. Authentic

real

true

pure.

GEN'U-INE-LY, adv. In a genuine

manner.
[of being genuine.
GiiN'u-INE-NESS,

or, do,

n.

State or quality

ye'pavos,

plants having
(

GERM

(14),

n.

rere, to bear.]

develop an embryo
an ovary
bud. _2. Origin first principle.
;

the knee, particularly in worship.

Gen'U-ine,

[Lat.; Gr. yepdvtov,

crane.]
A genus of
a beak-like receptacle.
[Lat. germen, fr. ge1. That which is to

n.

in England, people between the

nobility and the vulgar.

GE'NU-FLEe'TION, or GEN'U-FLE'-

1.

2.

[Ger. gurke.]
pickling.

Ghost

(gost), n. [A.-S. gast.] 1. The

spirit; the soul.
2. Soul of a de-

ceased person an apparition.

Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit (T/ieol.)
the third person in the Trinity.
Ghost'ly (gost'ly), a. 1. Relating
to the soul spiritual. 2. Pertaining to apparitions.
;

a.
Same as Germane.
GEr'MAN, a. [Lat. germanus, full, Ghoul (gJbl), n. [Per. gh6L] An
own (said of brothers and sisters
imaginary evil being among Eastern
who have the same parents).] Nearnations, thought to prey on the

Ger-main',

ly related; closely akin.

Consins german, cousins having the
same grandfather.

Belonging to Germany.

a.

wolf, too, took; urn, rue, pull

n.

dead.
#

GI'ant, n. [Gr. yiyas, yiyavros, prop,

the same as yrjyei/T/s, earth-born.] A

man

of extraordinary stature.

e,i, o.sUent; q.,b,soft; ,G,hard; is; E^ist; n as

NG

a.

this.

GIANTESS
Like a giant

or strength.

Gi'ant-ess,

An

to.

Giaour

female giant.
[Turk, giaour.]
by the Turks

(jour), n.
infidel ;
applied

Mohammedanism.

to disbelievers in

Gnj'BER,u.t.

[-ED

-ING.] [Allied to
To speak rapidly

jabber, and gabble.]

and inarticulately.

GIb'ber-Ish, to.
GlB'BET, to. [It.

[late talk.

'"SMp^'
_
Gibbet.

_ jof being gibbous.

GlB'Botis, a.
[Lat. gibbosus, from
gibbus, gibba, hunch.]
Protuberconvex.
[convexity.
_ ant
;

TilB'sous-NESS, to.
Protuberance
Gibe, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [See Gabble.] To rail; to utter taunting,
sarcastic words.
v. t.
To deride
to scoff at.
to.
A scoff; a railing.
;

pi.

[0. Fr. giblet, equiv.

to gibier, game.]

Heart,

liver, giz-

[inconstantly.
_ zard, &c, of a fowl,
GId'di-l Y, adv. In a giddy manner
UID'di-ness, .
1.
State of being
;

giddy.

Gid'dy,

[-ER; -EST, 142.] [A.-S.

Light-headed dizzy. 2.
Inducing giddiness. 3. Inconstant;
1.

4. Wild
thoughtless.
[A.-S., fr. gifan, to give.] 1.
thing given. 2. Quality or endowment given to man by God.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To endow with

_ unstable.

GIFT,

n.

Any

some

faculty.

UlG, n.

[M. H. Ger. gigen, to fiddle,

Icel. geiga, to tremble.]
1. A top or
whirligig.
2. A light carriage with
one pair of wheels.
3.
A ship's
wherry. 4. A dart or harpoon.
GPGAN-te'an, a. Like a giant gi;

gantic.

Gj-gan'tk; (110), a. [See Giant.] 1.

Of extraordinary size
huge.
2.
Enormous mighty.
GIg'GLE, to.
A laugh with short
;

catches.

v.

i.

gigchelen, fr.
laugh aloud.]

manner

[-ed; -ing.]

[D.

_ specious appearance

to.

things with gold.

_ of gold covering.
to.

GfLL

2.

thin surface

[A.-S. gedgl, geahl, jaw.]

organ of respiration, in

(jTl), to.

1.

[L.

fishes.
Lat. gillo. flask.

Cf. Gallon.]
The fourth part of
pint.
2. [See infra.] The groundivy, or malt liquor medicated with it.
3. [From Gillian, a woman's name.]
A sportive or wanton girl.

filL'LY-FLOW'ER, to. [Fr. girqfl.ee, fr.

girofle, clove, from Gr. tcapvofyvWov .]

plant called also stock.

E,

I,

to

mean

first

of plants.]

plant,

the root of which is highly valued as

a medicine by the Chinese.
GlP'SY, n. & a. Sec GYPSY.

Gi-RAFFE',

[At.
zirafah, Egypt, soran.

GlZ'ZARD,

GLA/BROUS,

0,U,Y, long; &,,*, 6,

fi,

a.

a.

des, ice.]
action icy.

i. e., long-neck.]
African quadruped the camelopard.
It is the tallest of an-

[Lat. glacialis, fr. glaPertaining to ice or its

_;

Gla/ci-a'tion

.
1. Act of
Process of be-

(-shi-),

circle.]

Gird

(18),

Glacier

chandelier.

(gla'seer or glas'i-er),

Glacis,
glatt,

or Gla-c'i's', n. [Fr., fr. Ger.

An easy, in-

smooth, even.]

sensible slope.

[-der dest, 136.] [A.-S.

a.
pleased. 2. Ex1. Joyous
pressing- or exciting joy.
Syn. Gratified exhilarated; anicheerful
joyful
delighted
mated
cheering exhilarating pleasing rniDelighted expresses a much
mating.
higher degree of pleasure than glad.
Gratified always refers to a pleasure
conferred by some human agent, and
the feeling is modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad or delighted to see a friend, and gratified at the
attention shown by his visits.

Glad,

glad.]

to sneer.
Gird'er, n. 1.
satirist.
2. Principal timber in a floor, binding the
;

others together.

3.

Any beam

sup-

_ ported at both ends.

band which girds or

the body and binds togeth-

to.

encircles
er the clothing,

v.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

To bind with a belt to gird.

To inclose. 3. To remove the bark

1.

Y, sAorJ/CARE,

to.

levs.

[A.-S.

[GIRDED, or GIRT GIRDING.] [A.1. To bind with a cord,

S. gyrdan.]
bandage, &c.
2. To surround; to
encircle.
3. To invest.
v. i.
To

Gird'le,

glaciers.

An im
[Fr. fr. Lat. glacies, ice.]
mense mass of snow and ice, moving
slowly down mountain slopes or vai-

gird, gyrd, rod, stick,

Giraffe.
twig.] 1. Stroke of a
rod hence, a severe twitch or pang.
2. A sarcastic remark
a jibe.
v. t.

_ gibe

3.

coming covered with

Gr.yupos,

n.

2. Ice.

freezing.

imals.

Smooth

[Lat. glaber.]

in a circle

to

wjthout any unevenness.

phe,

An

[Fr. gesier, allied

to.

An enlarged part of
the alimentary canal in birds.

gosier, throat.]

GLA'CIAL,

GIld'er, to. One who gilds.

GlLD'lNG, n.
1. Art of overlaying

ciliated

&

GiLL,

to. State or time of beijug

GiRL'lsil, a. Like, befitting, or pci[girlish.
_ taining to, a girl.
GIrl'ish-ness, . Quality of being
GlRT, imp. & p. p. of Gird.
v. t.
[-ED -ing.] To gird to surround.
GlRT, ) n. [A.-S. gyrd. See GIRD,
GIRTH, J v. t.] 1. A strap to fasten
a saddle on the back of a horse. 2.
Circumference of any thing.

0. D. tvemelen, to bore.] A small in_ strument for boring holes.

GtMP, to.
[0. Fr. guimpe, pennon of
a lance, from 0. H. Ger. wimpal, a
summer garment.] A kind of silk, GIST, n. [0. Fr. gist, situated, placed,
woolen, or cotton twist or edging.
fr. Lat. jacere, to lie.]
Main point of
GlN (jin), n. 1. [Corrupted from Gene- _ a question pith of a matter.
va.]
A spirit distilled from rye and gIve (57), v. t. [imp. gave p. p.
barley, and flavored with juniper berGIVEN p. pr. & vb. to. GIVING.]
ries.
2. [A contr. of engine.] A ma[A.-S. gifan.] 1. To bestow without
chine by which the mechanical powreceiving a return; to grant.
2. To
ers are employed in aid of human
pay. 3. To announce as tidings to
strength; especially a machine for
render or utter, as an opinion, judgseparating the seed from cotton.
ment, shout, &c. 4. To permit; to
v. t. [-NED -NING, 136.] To clear of
allow. 5. To exhibit as a result
to
seeds by a machine.
produce. 6. To devote to apply.
GlN'GER, n. [0. Eng. gingiber, from
v. i. 1. To yield to force or pressure.
Lat. zingiber, fr. Skr. sringa-wcra, i.
2. To move
to recede.
A tropical plant
e., horn-shaped.]
To confer; grant. To give is
Syn.
and its hot, spicy root.
generic. To confer was originally used
of persons in power, who gave permaGin'ger-bread, to. A cake flavored
nent grtints or privileges, as, to confer
with ginger.
the order of knighthood; and hence it
GlN'GER-LY, adv. [Prov. Eng. ginger,
still denotes the giving of something
cautiously
brittle, tender.] Nicely
Which might have been withheld, as, to
confer a favor. To grant is to give in
_ fastidiously.
answer
to a petition or request, or to one
GING'HAM, n. [Javanese ginggang.]
who is in some way dependent or infeA kind of cotton cloth, the yarn of
rior.
which is dyed before weaving.
GlN'SENG, n. [A Chinese word said GIVER, to. One who gives a donor.

M. H. Ger. kachen, to GIR'AN-DOLE,TO. [Lat.

To laugh in a light or
gyrare to turn round

to titter.
GYld, v. t. [imp.
p. p. gilded or
GILT.] [A.-S. gildan, fr. gold, gold.]
1. To overlay with gold.
2. To illuminate to brighten.
3. To give a
silly

GlRL'HOOD,

Levity.

2.

a.

gtdig.]

Gimbal.

position.

to.

HP

a compass, so that it
keep a constant

may

Rapid andinarticu- Gi'M'CRACK (jim'-), to. A trivial mechanism a device a toy.

GlM'LET, to. [0. Fr. guimbelet, from

kind of gallows.
v. t.
[-ED -ing.] 1. To hang
and expose on a gibbet.
_ 2. To expose to infamy.
Gib-b6s'i-ty, to.
State

GlB'LETS,

to.
Gold
in a circular ring, in order to kill a
GILT, imp. & p. p. of Gild.
laid on the surface of a thing
tree.
GIm'bal, n. [Lat. geGiRL (72), n. [In 0. Eng. applied to
mellus.] A combinaa male as well as a female. Cf. A.-S.
tion of rings for susceorl, man,
husband.]
A female
pending any thing, as |
[a girl.
_ child, or young woman.

giubetto.]

GLAD

184

extraordinary in size

FAR, ASK, ALL,

2.

v.

of

glad

WHAT; ERE,

t.
;

[-ded: -ding.]

To make

to gladden.

VEIL,

T^RMj PIQUE, FIRM

SON,

GLADDEN
uLAD'DEN,
make glad
-

v.

V.
;

To

i.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

To

to exhilarate.
be or become glad.
to please

n.

[Cf.

illumination,

Sword-shaped.

sword.]

[Lat., fr. gladius,

ft-

sword-player or prize-

GlXdi-a-to'ri-al,
Glad'i-a-TO-RV,

Glad'ly, adv.

glass.)

Pertaining

a.

to gladiators.

"With pleasure; joy-

pleasing.

Glair, n. [A.-S. glare, amber, glare.]

2. Any similar
1. White of an egg.
v.t.
[-ED ; -ING.] To
substance.
smear with the white of an egg.
Glair'y, a. Like glair.

GLANCE,

luster,
n.
[Ger. glanz,
brightness, glimpse, glance.] 1. A
2. A sudden
sudden shoot of light.
look.
3.
A dark-colored metallic
[-ed -ING.] 1.
sulphuret.
v. i.
To dart a ray of light. 2. To fly off
in an oblique direction. 3. To snatch
4. To allude,
v. t.
a hasty view.
To dart suddenly or obliquely.
glandGland, n.. [Lat. glans. acorn,
A collection of celis,
ula, gland.]
in animals or plants, secreting some
peculiar substance.
Gland'ers, n. [From gland.] A
contagious disease of the mucous
membrane in horses.
Gland'u-lar, a. Containing, or consisting of, glands.
[small gland.
GlXnd'ule, n. [Lat glandula.] A
Gland'u-LOUS, a. Pertaining to, or
resembling, glands.
Glare, n.
[Allied to Lat. darns,
clear.]
1. A bright dazzling light
2.
A fierce, piercing look. r. i.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To shine with a clear,

bright light.
piercing eyes.
dazzling light.

pery

To lookTowith
emit, as a

Smooth
fierce,

2.

v.
a.

t.

[open and bold.

notorious

glib.

Glar'ing, p. a.
GLASS, n. [A.-S.

slip-

Clear
glas.]

1.

trans-

parent substance, formed by fusing

2.
Any
sand with fixed alkalies.
thing made of glass esp., (a. A mirror.
a tum(6.) A drinking -glass
;

in
(c.) A lens
a spy-glass
the pi. spectacles, (d.) A barometer.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To see, as
in a glass. 2. To reflect, as in a mirbler,

3. To glaze.
n. One who blows
and fashions glass.
Glass'-house. n. A manufactory of

ror.

Glass'-blow'er,

[glassy.

glass.

014.

DQ,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK:

tJRN,

[-ED

sparkle

tr

-ING.] [A.-S.
glitan, glitniah.] 1. To sparkle witn
2. To be showy, specious, or
light.
v.

i.

striking.

To gleam;
Gleam.

Syx.
See

re.

Gloat,

to glisten; toshine.

bright, sparkling light.

v.i. [-ed -ing.] [Ger. gte&.
;

zen.] To gaze with malignant satisfaction, or passionate desire.

Glo'bate, la. [Lat. globatns, fr.
Glo'ba-ted, j globus, ball.] Having the form of a glohe; spherical.
Globe, n. [Lat. globus.] 1. A sphera ball a sphere. 2. Any
ical body
thing nearly spherical in shape. 3.
The earth.
Syx. Sphere; orb; ball. Globe denotes a round (and usually a solid) body
sphere is the mathematical term for such
a body; orb is used in the same sense,
and also (contracted from orbii) for the
pathway of a heavenly body ball is applied to a heavenly body conceived of a9
thrown or impelle'd through space.
;

Globe '-fish,
swell

out

re.

fish

body

its

which can
globular

to a

[globular.

shape.

2.

Round: spherical;
glitter. To gleam Glo-bose', a.
denotes a faint but distinct emission of Glo-bos'i-ty, n.
Quality of being
light.
To glimmer describes an indis[bose.
round sphericity.
To glitter
tinct and unsteady light.
gloimports a brightness that is intense, but Glo'bous, a. Round spherical
Spherical.
varying.
The morning light gleams GLOB'U-LAR, a.
;

upon

the earth a, distant taper glimmers

through the mist a dew-drop glitters in
the sun.
;

Glean,

[-ed

-ing.] [Fr. glaner ; glane, handful, cluster.]

1.
To gather after a reaper, as grain.
2. To collect with patient labor.
v.

t.

GLEAN'ER,
Glebe, n.

One who

11.

gleans.

1. Turf;
[Lat. gleba.]
ground. 2. Land belonging to
a parish church.

soil

GLEE,
1.

re.

Joy;

[A.-S. glie,gleo, joy, song.]

merriment; mirth.

2.

light musical composition for three

or more voices.
Gleet, n. [Cf. A.-S.glidan, to glide.]

mucous

transparent

discharge

from the urethra.

Glen,

W.

[A.-S>fr.

n.

Glob'ule,

Glom'er-ate,

Gl'ib'NESS, n.

Glide,

r.

?'.

glib

manner.

dan, D. git/den or glijden, M. H. Ger.

as

To pass rapidly and

over a smooth surface.
v.

i.

[-ED

glimmer ; glimm^m,
shiue faintly.
Syx. -To gleam;

n.

(glis'n), v.

[-ED

?'.

with a mild, subdued,

v.

RUE, PULL; E,

i.

I,

To

a gleam.

[A.-S. glisian, glisnian.]

GLIS'TER,

Ger.

to glitter.

.
[See supra.] 1.
transient luster.
short, hurried view.

den flash

easily,

-ing.]

to glimmer.]

[-ED
O, silent

[-ed; -ing.]
from glomus,

Glo~om'i-ly, adv.

Obscurely

Gloom'i-ness, n.
gloomy obscurity.

State

dfs-

of being

a.
[-ER; -est, 142.] 1.
Imperfectly illuminated. 2. Expressing gloom heavy of heart.
Syx.
Dark dim dusky dismal;
cloudy moody sullen morose melancholy sad; dejected, disheartened.
GL6'Ri-Fl-A'TlON,n. 1. Act of giving glory. 2. State 01 being glorified.
Glo'ri-fy, v. t. [-EDJ-ING.] [Lat

To

sud2.

-ING.]
shine

-ing.]

glorijicure
to make.]
lustrious.

[Ger.

C, G, soft;

and jface/r,
To make glorious or ilTo render homage to:

gloria, giory,
1.
2.

to adore.
(89), a.

Exhibiting

attri-

butes, qualities, or acts that aro

worthy of, or receive glory.
Syx. Eminent; noble; renowned; illustrious; magnificent; grand.

Gl5'ri-ous-LY, adv.
manner.

In a glorious

Glo'ry

(89), n. [Lat. gloria.] 1. High

reputation. 2.
object of pride or
boast.
4.
3. Pride: boastfulness.

An

fitful luster.
;

Glo'ri-oDs

A faint light

t.

To_ gather or wind into a ball.

Glom'ER-a'tion, n. 1. Act of form2. That which is
ing into a ball.
formed iuto a ball
Gloom, re. [A.-S. glum.] 1. Partial
2. Cloudiness or
or total darkness.
[-ED
heaviness of mind.
v. i.
2.
1. To shine obscurely.
-ING.]
v. t.
To appear dismal or gloomy.
[mally.
To render gloomy.

Quality of being glib.

[-ed: -ing.] [A.-S. gli-

gliten.]

Glim'mer,

v.

[Lat. glomerare, -ratus,

ball.]

In a

small

a
globus.]
little
globe
spherical particle of matter.

A se- Gloom'y,

glyn.]

c hided and narrow valley.

[-ber; -best, 136.] [Fr.
a.
glib,D. glibberig.] 1. Smooth; slippery. 2. Yoluble; fluent; flippant.

Glib'ly, adv.

[Lat. globulus, dim. of

n.

Glib,

Glis'TEN

is

glass,

To shine.
Syx. To glimmer:

light.

made.
Glass't,o. 1. Made of glass; vitreous.
2. Resembling glass.
Glau'ber's-salt, n. [Prom Glauglass

GLIT'TER,

Actof setting

1.

To

gllstern, glinste v n.]

glisten.

GLIMPSE,

work

n.

of crusting with a vitreous substance,

or of rendering smooth and glossy.
2. Glass or glass-like surface or cov3. Transparent colors passe 1
ering.
thinly over other colors, to modify
the effect.
Gleam, n. [A.-S., from glaivan, to
a ray.
shine.]
1. A shoot of light
i.
v.
2.
Brightness
splendor.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To dart, as rays of

Quality of being
(-wurk), n." 1. Manufacture of glass. 2. pi. Place where

Glass'I-NES, n.

Glass'

to set glass.

is

GLAZ'ING,

glass. 2.
thin surface like

To overlay with a
glass; to render smooth or gl>>ssy.
nL A vitreous coating glazing.
GLA'ZIER (gla'zher), n. One whose
business

Causing gladness

To furnish with

1.

[joy.

fully,

Glad'ness, n. Quality of being glad

fiLAD'SOME, o. 1. Pleased joyful.
2.

injmcient Rome.

fighter,

fr.

Glad'I-A'TOR,

a German chemist.] Sulphate of

soda, a well-known cathartic.
GLAV-eo'MA, n. [Lat. Gr. yA.av*ccoHa, from 7A.au/c6s, light-gra.) bluedisease of the eye. giving
gray.]
it a bluisn or greenish tinge.
1. Of
GLAU'-ec-US, a. [Gr. yXavKos.]
2. Covered with
a sea-green color.
a fine white powder, as that on a
cabbage-leaf.
Glaze, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From
ber,

W. golead, goltuad,
goleu, ligbt, bright.]
An opening through a wood cleared
space in a forest.
Glad'i-ate, a. [Lat. gladius, sword.]
Glade,

GLORY

185

-e,

G,hard; AS; EXIST;

jr

as

NG

this

GLOSS

distinc-

which is swallowed down. 2. Supply

beyond sufficiency or to loathing.
Glu'ten, n. [Lat. See Glue. J The
tenacious substance which gives ad-

Toexult
proud

GLU'TI-NATE.r.i. L-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

glutinare, -natum.]
To unite with

(Paint.)
head or en5.

Renown

celebrity

tion; grandeur; nobleness.

v.i.

[-ED; -ING.]
2. To boast

witn joy.

to be

Loss, n.

1. [Cf. Ger. gleiszen, to

shine, glitter.] Luster from a smooth
2. A specious ap'surface polish.
pearance or interpretation. 3. [Gr.
that requires exa
word
yA.wo-0-a,
planation.] Comment explanation.
;

[-ed -ma.] 1. To make

v. t.
2. To render
smooth and shining.
3.
To illustrate to explain.
3pecious.
;

LOS-sa'RI-AL,

a.

Containing expla-

Gloss'a-ry,

vvriter of glosses

[See

n.

Gloss,

3.]

vocabulary of words requiring special

elucidation.

Gloss'i-NESS,

Quality of being

n.

glossy.

Science of language

plausible.

GLOT'TIS,

[Gr. yAwr-ris,

n.

fr.

yAwr-

ra, tongue.] Narrow opening at the

upper part of the larynx.

Glove

(gliiv),

n.

[A.-S.

glof.]

sheath for each

-ING.]

Glov'er.

finger.

v.

t.

[-ED

To cover with a glove.

n.
One who makes and

sells gloves.

Glow,

v.

gldivan.]

?'.

[-ed; -ing.]

[A.-S.

To shine with an intense

2. To be bright or
To feel hot. 4. To feel the
1.

or white heat.
3.

heat of passion.
n.
1.
Shining
heat, or white heat.
2. Brightness
of color
redness.
3. Intense ear;

nestness.

Glow'-worm (-wfirm),

n.

An insect,

the female of which emits, in the

night-time, a shining green light.
GLOZE, v. i. [-ed; -ING.] [A.-S.
glOse, interpretation.] 1. To flatter;
to wheedle.
2. To misinterpret.
v. t.
To palliate or extenuate.
n.
Flattery..
Glue, n. [Lat. glus, glutis.]
hard
gelatine, used as a cement.
v. t.
[-ed -ING.] 1. To join with glue.
2. To unite.

C:cu'ey,

a.
a.

Glum,
moody

Glume,

n.

Viscous
[See

glutinous.
Sullen;
Gloom.]
j

One who

ly

1.

a gormaudizer.

mammal;

Syn.

carnivorous

Belonging to a
Excess

n.

(gliit'tn-y),

yKvicepos,

equiv. to yAv/cvs, sweet.] A sweet,

viscid liquid, formed from fatty substances.
GLYPH, ?i. [Gr. yKv<j)-q, fr. yAv</>eiv, to
hollow out, carve.] A sunken chan-

[Lat.

gluma.] Floral cov-

ering of grain or grasses.

:lLtiT,f. (. [-ted; -ting, 136.] [Lat.
glutire.]
1. To swallow greedily.
2.
To satiate; to sate.
n.
1. "That

O, U,

)
J

Art of engravn. sing.

ing figures on precious

stones.

Gnarl

(niirl), v. i.
[-ED; -ING.] [A.S. gnyrran.] To growl ; to murmur
to snarl.
knot in wood.
n.
Knotty; full
(narld), ^ a.

Gnarled
Gnarl'Y

(mirl'-),

'

[-ED
-ING.]
(nash), v. t.
Eng. gnaste gnayste .] To strike

Y long; ^SjLjOjU, ,

fly.

(naw), v.

gnagan.]

S'.

irritate; incite; in-

[Fr. gaule, pole ; from Goth.

valus, staff, stick, rod.] 1. Point or
mark set to bound a race. 2. End
or final purpose.
Goat, n. [A.-S. gat, allied to Lat.

n.

rr.ammiferous quadruped

allied to the sheep.

n.
Part of the

Goat-ee',

t.

1.

[-ed; -ing.]

[A.-

To wear away with

To
v.i.

the teeth. 2. To corrode.

use the teeth in biting.

beard de-

pending from the chin.

Goat'-herd,

n.

One who tends goats

GoAT'lSH,a. Resembling a

goat, especially in smell or lustfulness.

[0. Fr. gob, morsel Gael, gob,
;

A mouthful.
[-ed; -ing.] [See
To swallow hastily or vo
raciously.
v. i. To make a noise in
the throat, as a turkey.
mouth, snout.]

Gob'ble,
Gob, .]

v.t.

An

Go'-be-tweek', .
Gob'let, n. [Lat.

of knots.

v. i.
together, as in anger or pain.
To grind or strike together the teeth.
Gnat (nat), n. [A.-S. gnat, fr^gnidan, to rub.] A delicate blood-suck-

ing

Gob, n.

Gl\p'TI,
Glvp'tics,

[0.

Goal,

t.

To excite

hadvs.]

GL\C'ER-i'NE, n. [From Gr.

See Gad.,?
urge on a
[-ED; -ing.]
To
goad to urge forward.

beast.
v.
drive with a
stigate.

2.

a.

Goad (20), u. [A.-S. gad.

A poiuted instrument to

[Lat. glutto,

glutton or to gluttony.

Glut'ton-y

part in.

eats voracious-

the wolverine.

Glut'ton-ous,

interposer.

cvpa, tub, cask.

drinking vessel without a handle.

GoB'LIN,

[Lat. gobelinvs,

n.

fr.

Gr.

*60aAos,

knave, a mischievous gob

lin; Ger.

kobold.]

gnome

an

G6'-by, n.
jng away.

1.

Go'-eXRT,

n.

An

evil

spiiit;

elf.

Evasion.

2.

A thrust-

small machine, tc
support children learning to walk.
God, n. [A.-S. god, allied to Pers.
Ichoda.]

1.

divinity

a deity.

2.

The Supreme Being; Jehovah.

Gnaw'er (naw'er),i. One who gnaws. God'daugh-ter (-daw-ter), n. A ghi

Gneiss (nis),. [Ger. gneis or gneisz.]
for whom one becomes sponsor.
Rock consisting of quartz, feldspar, God'dess, n. A female god.
and mica.

Gnome

(nom), n. [Gr. yvuiptov, one

that knows, a guardian.] 1. An imaginary subterraneous being, supposed to be the guardian of mines,
&_c.
2. A dwarf; a goblin.
Gno'MON (no'mon), n. [Gr. yi/t6ju.o>v,
1. Style or
fr. yiyv<ao-Kiv, to know.]
2. Index of the
pin of a sun-dial.
hour-circle cf a globe.

Gnos'TI-C (nos'tik),^. [Gr. yi/axmico?,

sagacious.] One of a sect of so-called
in the first ages of
Christianity.
a. Pertaining to the
Gnostics or their doctrines.
Gnos'ti-cism (nos'ti-sizm), n. Doctrines taught by the Gnostics.
Gnu, (nu),
n.
[Hottentot.]

philosophers

South
v.

i.

WENT
GONE

Gossip.]

GoD'HEAD,

[Eng. god, and suffix

n.
divine nature cr
head.]
1. Deity
2. A god or goddess.
essence.
2
God; the Supreme Being.
;

God 'less, a.
ungodly

Acknowledging no God;

devoutness

God'ly,

[God.

irreligious.

God'like. a.
God'li-ness,
a.

Resembling a god or
God;

Reverence for
v.
a religious life.

1.

Reverencing God, and

and laws. 2. Formed

or influenced by a regard for God.
Syx. Pious; holy; devout; religious;
his character

righteous.

G6d'm6th-er (-mtith-er),
man who becomes sponsor

n.
wofor a child

Something sent by
n.
God; an unexpected piece of good

p. pr.

fortune.

&

G6d'ship,7i.

Gnu.

GOING.] [k.-S.gangan, gem.'

To pass from one place to anoth-

er

short;

[Cf.

sponsor for a child

at baptism.

God'send,
[imp.
p. p.

vb. n.
1.

God'fa-ther, n.
man who becomes

in baptism.

African

antelope.

Go,

silent.

/,

(glut'tn), n.

gluto.]

A Gnaw

cover for the hand, with a separate

E,

GLtJT'TON

Gnash

philology.

Gloss'y, a.
[-er; -est, 13G.] 1.
Smooth and shining.
2. Specious

red.

nel.

GLOSS-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ykuxra-a,

and ypd<f>etv, to write. See GLOSS, 3.
The writing of glossaries or glosses.
Gloss-ol'o-gist, n.
One who defines and explains terms.
Gloss-ol'O-GY, n. [Gr. y\oj<r<ra and
See GLOSS, 3-] 1.
\6yos, discourse.
Definition and explanation of terms.

&.,

[with glue.
Glu'ti-na'TION, n.
Act of uniting
Glu'ti-noDs, a.
Resembling glue
viscous viscid tenacious.
;

to perish
to die. v. t. To take, as
a share in an enterprise
to bear a
;

in eating; voracity.

nation.

Gi.oss'A-rist, n.
or of a glossary.

2.

glue.

of.

ployed in the most various applica

tions.
2. To walk
3. To pass
to
circulate.
4. To be pregnant. 5. To
pass away to depart. 6. To be lost,

hesiveness to dough.
1.

GOER

186

Celestial honor ; heaven.

circle of rays round a
tire figure.

Syn.

to proceed;

to

advance;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

em-

WHAT

Deity divinity.
(-sQn), n. One for whom an[goes.
other has been sponsor.
Go'ER, n. One who, or that which
:

God'son

ERE, VEIL, TERSI J PIQUE, FIRM SON.

J

GOFFEK
GoF'FER,

v.

[-ED

t.

Good-by',

-ING.] To plait

[-ED

-ING.] [Cf.
Lat. codes, surname of a persou blind
To strain or roll the
with one eye.]
a. Full and staring
said of
eyes.
n.
1. A strained rolling
the eyes.
2. pi. A kind of spectaof the eye.
v.

i.

GOUT

[Either a

n. or interj.

Go~OD-BYE', } contr. of God be with

ye, or compounded with by, bye,

way, journey.]

n.

memo-

fast, in

ry of our Saviorj crucifixion.

Having a
GobD-HU'MORBD, a.
cheerful spirit and demeanor.
GoiOD'Ll-NESS, n. Beauty grace.
1.
Goring, n. 1. A moving in any man- Go^D'LY.a.
[-ER; -EST, 112.]
Pleasant
2. Comely
agreeable.
ner. 2. Departure. 3. Course of life.
j

[Lat. guttur, throat.]

graceful.
Goi'TER, )n.
An enlargement of the Good'man,
Goi'TRE,

[of a house.

Good'-nat'ured,

of a

[A.-S.] 1.
yellowish color.

es.

3.

A precious metal
Money

2.

A yellow color like

metal.

r-(jM)'-DUST

rich-

that of the
[particles.
fine

Gold in very

n.

Gold'>" (gohPn), a.

1.

Made

or con-

sisting of gold.
2. Of _the color of
gold. 3- Very precious.

GOLD'Fixcn,

n.

singing-bird with

gold-colored wings.

small

played with a small ball and a

club crooked at tne lower eud.

Gon 'do-la,

_^-t,^__ ^_
JBHBBStt

n.

dim. of
[It.,
gonda, id.] 1.

-T."--''

vli&GkSK&BJk

2.

A
Gondola,

rows

(21), p. p. of Go.
n.
[Malayan gong.] A circuinstrument of copper and tin.
producing, when struck, a loud,
hiarsh sound.
GO'XI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ymvla, anAn ingle, and fierpov, measure.]
strument for measuring angles, espe-

lar

cially the angles of crystals.

Art of measur-

Go'ni-oai'e-try, n.

Gon OR-EHt'A

[Gr. yovop(-rC-'A), n.
poia, from yovri, semen, and peeiv, to
flow.]
A contagious inflammatory
discharge from the genital organs.
Good, a. [better; best.] [A.-S.
god.] 1. Possessing desirable qualities. 2. Possessing moral excellence.

benevolent.
5. Clever;

i. Suited;
skillful.
G.

Consider9. Fair;
able.
8. Full; complete.
honorable.
n.
1. That which pos:

sufficient.

7.

sesses desirable qualities, promotes

success or happiness, is serviceable,
2. Welexcellent, kind, or the like.
fare advantage. 3. pi. Wares comadv. i. Well;
modities chattels.
equally well. 2. Quite; considerably.
JtOOD'-breed'ing, n. Polite manners or education.
:

or, do.

n.

1.

Benevolence.

2.

trade or business.
[Prob. contr. from goodGood- wife; good-woman;
n.

wife.]

Goose

inhabiting
the
western shores
of Africa.

Gor'mand,

n.
Fr.

Prov.

[Cf.

to lap.]

ton

sip,

glut-

gourGorilla.

mand.

GOR'MAND-IZE, V

or t.
To eat
greedily.
[racious eater.
Gor'mand-iz'er, n. A greedy, voGorse, n.
[A.-S. gorst, gost.
See
Grass.]
A thick, prickly shrub,
bearing yellow flowers furze whin.
Gor'y, a. Covered with gore bloody.
Gos'HAWK, n. [A.-S. goshqfuc, i.e.,
goosehawk.] A short-winged, slender
;

hawk.
G.os'ling, n. [A.-S. gds, a goose, and

the dim. term, ling.] A young gooseGos'pel, n. [A.-S. godspell, fr. gCd,
good, and spell, tidings.] 1. The
good news concerning Christ and his
1. A
2.
A
salvation.
2. One of the historical
A sim- narratives of the life and sayings of

a_low term.
[A.-S. gCs.]

(150), n.

well-known aquatic fowl.

tailor's smoothing iron.
3.

Jesus Christ.

wolf, too,

TO~b:n;

n.

and the shrub

itself.

[Fr. gaufre, waffle,

1.

burrowing animal.
[Ileb. gZpher.]
A wood used in
2.
the construction of Noah's ark.
[Either from gore,
GOR'-eocii, n.

honeycomb.]

blood, i. e.., red, or fr. gorse.] A gallinaceous bird; the moor-cock or

red-grouse.
Gor'di-an, a. Pertaining to Gordius,
king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by
him, which could not be untied, but
was cut by Alexander the Great;
complicated.
he*nce, intricate
;

Gore,

ing solid angles.

Kind;

Quality of being good

a thorny shrub,

A man who

a gondola.

idequate

in any of its various senses excellence virtue kindness benevolence.

Go~od / -tem'perD, a.
Not easily
irritated or annoyed.

Go'pher,

[Air^r.]
n.

Gong,

adapted.

Good'ness,

Gone

3.

tion or other disturbing influences; kind,

a disposition to make others happy by
supplying their wants and granting
their requests.

G6~OD'Y,

Go-rIl'lA, n. A
large
monkey,

3.

Any system

of re-

ligious truth.
Goose'br-ry, n. [A corruption of
gorseberry a name taken from the Gos'sa-mer, ii.
summer, as it is
roughness of the shrub.] The fiuit of

kind of flatbottomed boat.

Gon'po-lier',

Svx. Good-tempered: kind. Goodnatured denotes a disposition to please

and be pleased; good-tempered, a spirit
which is not easily ruffled by provoca-

pleton

pleasure-

boat used at
Venice, on the
canals.

Custom of any

[D. kalf, club or bat.]

n.

master
Naturally mild

[Gr. Topyui, Topyuv.] 1.

monster, the sight of which
turned the beholder to stone. 2.
Any thing very ugly or horrid.

A fabled

gourmer, to

who manufac- Good-will',

n.
One
tures articles of gold.

Gold's:.uth,

Golf,
game

of a

fish,

[thin leaf.
Gold beaten into a

n.

a.

in temper.

Gold'-fisii, n.
golden color.

Gold'-leaf,

A husband

n.

thyroid gland.

ing the throat or neck. 2. A pendent

metallic ornament, worn by officers
when on duty. [Eng.]

GOR'GON,/!.

Farewell.

Go"od-FrI'day,

cles.

Gold, n.

187

or flute, as lace, &c.

GoG'GLE,

gor.] Thick or
clotted blood. 2. [A.-S. gar, dart,
lance.]
A wedge-shaped piece sewed
n.

1.

[A.-S.

into a garment, &c. 3. A triangular

v.t. 1.[-ed; -ing.]
piece of land.
To pierce to stab. 2. To cut in a
triangular form.
Gorge, n. [Lat. gurges, whirlpool,
abyss.] 1. The throat. 2. A narrow
passage, as between mountains.
v.t.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To swallow -with
greediness. 2. To glut
to satiate.
v. i. To feed greedily.
GOR'GEOUS (gor'jus), a. [0. Fr. gorgius, beautiful, vain, luxurious, fr.
gorgias, ruff, neck-handkerchief.]
Showy fine magnificent.

Gor'geous-ly, adv.
manner.

In a gorgeous
[magnificence.

Gor'geous-ness,

n.
Splendor ;
GOR'GET (gor'jet), n. [O.Fr. gorgeite.
See GORGE.] 1. Armor for defend-

urn, rue, pull

E,

i,

o, silent

[Prob. fr. gorse and

often seen on gorse.]
A filmy substance, like cobwebs,
floating in the air.
Gos'siP, 11. [A.-S. godsibb, a relation
or sponsor, from god, God, and sib^
alliance, relation.]
1. A sponsor.
[Obs.] 2. An idle tattler. 3. Idle

and groundless rumor.

-ING.1
1. To prate.
about and tattle.

Got, imp.

v.

i.

[-ED

To run

2.

of Get.

Goth, n. 1. One
who took part
Roman empire.

of an ancient tribe,
in subverting the
2. A barbarian.
GoTH'I-e, a.
1. Pertaining to
the
Goths. 2. Pertaining to a style of
architecture with high and sharplypointed arches, &c. 3. Bude; barbarous.
n. Language of the GothsGoth'i-cism, n. 1. A Gothic idiom.
2. Conformity to the Gothic style of
building. 3. Budeness of manners;

barbarousness

GOUGE

(gowj

ties, gooj), n.
chisel.
v. t.

in most Eng. authori[Lat. gubia.]

[-ed

-ING.]

A curved
To scoop

out with a gouge.

Gourd,

n.
[From Lat. cucurbita.]
fleshy, one-celled, many-seeded fruit.
(gJbr/inand), n. [Fr.]

Gourmand
A

greedy eater a glutton.

[From Lat. gutta, drop, it
being considered as a defluxion.] A
painful inflammation of the joints.
GOVT (goo), n. [Fr.] Taste relish.
;

Gout,.

9, G, soft; , G, hard;

A; exist; n as

NG

this-

GOUTINESS
Gout'y,

a.
Diseased with, or pertainthe gout
Govern (guv'ern), v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. gubemare, Gr. avfiepvqv.]
1.
To regulate by authority. 2. To iniiueuce to manage.
3. To require
to be in a particular case.
v. i. To
exercise authority
to have the con-

ing

to,

GRANITE

188

GOL'T'I-NESS, n. State of being gouty.

GrA'cious

(gra'shus), a. 1. Abounding in grace or mercy. 2. Winning

favor
acceptable.
Beautiful
3.
graceful.
4. Produced by divine
grace.
Syn. Favorable; kind; benevolent;
friendly; beneficent; benignant; merci:

ful.

GrAm'i-NiV'o-rou-s,

and vorare,

grass,

a. [Lat.

gramen,

eat greedily.]
like iood.

to

Feeding on grass and the

Gram/mar,

n.

[Fr.

grammaiie,

fror*

Gr. ypdp.p.a, letter, ypatpav, to write.]

1. Art of speaking or writing with
propriety. 2. A treatise on the principles of language. 3. A treatise on the
elements or principles of any science.

GRA'cious-LY, adv. In a gracious

manner.
[of being gracious. Gram-ma'ri-an, n.
1. A philologist.
C!6v'ERN-A-BLE, a. Capable of being Gra'CIOUS-ness, n. Quality or state
2. One who teaches grammar.
Gra-DA'tion, n. 1. State of being Gram-mat'IC,
governed manageable obedient.
)a. 1. Belonging
graded. 2. Any degree in an order Gram-mat'ic-al, (
G6v'ern-ance,i. Government; conto grammar 2.
or series.
trol.
According to the rules of grammar.
;

trol.

Gov'ERN-ANTE^llO), n. A lady who Grad'a-to-ry

step by step
has the care of young women a
;

governess.

Gov'ern-ess,

n.

Gov'ern-ment,
ing.

2.

System

[an instructress.
female governor

Authority. 4. The ruling power

the administration. 5. A commonwealth a state. 6. Influence of a
word in regard to construction.
GOV'ERN-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to
;

government.

a chief ruler or

Grade, n.

step

church.

[Lat. gradus, from gradi,

step or degree in any

to step.]

1.

Rate of ascent
or descent. 3. A graded ascending
or descending portion of a road.
v.
t. [-ED; -ING.] To reduce to a level,
or to an evenly progressive ascent.
series,

or order.

Governor

(2).

gun-

2.

GRA'DI-ENT,

a. [Lat. gradi, gradiens,

to step, to go.] 1. Walking. 2. Hav-

ing regular degrees of inclination.

ii. 1. Rate of ascent or descent in a
road, &c. grade. 2. Part of a road
which slopes upward or downward.
Grad'u-al, a.
Proceeding by degrees; progressive.
n. 1. An order
of steps. 2. An ancient book of
[manner.
hymns and prayers.
Gr.Xd'u-al-ly, adv. In a gradual
GRAD'U-ATE, V. t. [ -ED; -ING.] [L.
Lat. graduare, -atum, fr. Lat. gradus, a step.] 1. To mark with de2. To admit to an academical
grees.
degree. 3. To prepare gradually.
v. i. To receive an academical degree.

na, Late Gr. -yowa, a leathern garment, W. gwn, gown.] A loose flowing upper garment esp., the ordinary outer dress of a woman.
GfOWNs'MAN (150), n. One whose pro- Grad'u-ate, n. One who has been
admitted to an academical degree.
fessional habit is a gown, as a divine
Grad'u-A'TION, n. 1. Act or art of
or lawyer hence, a civilian.
graduating. 2. Marks on an instruGRAB, n. A sudden grasp or seizure.
ment to indicate degrees.
[-bed; -bing, 150.]
v.t.Sci.
Same as Graft.
[0. Ger. grabbtn, grappen, for gerap- Graff, n. & v.
Graft
[Gr. ypafyiov, pencil
(6), n.
pen, from II. Ger. rajfen, to snatch
from the resemblance of a scion to a
away.] To gripe suddenly to seize
pointed pencil.] A small shoot of a
GRACE, n. [Lat. gratia, from gratus.
v. t.
tree inserted iu another tree.
beloved.]
1. Favor bestowed
2
[-ED -ING.] To insert, as a cutting
Divine favor toward man. 3. Inher
from one tree in a branch of another
4. Beauty
ent excellence.
com
hence, to implant or incorporate.
monly, easy elegance of manners. 5
A
1.
GRAIN, n.
[Lat. granitm.]
pi. (Myth.) Beautiful females, repre
2.
esp. of corn, wheat, &c.
kernel
sented as the attendants of Venus
The fruit of wheat, rye, oats, barley,
6. Title of a duke or of an archbishop
3. Any
used collectively.
&c.
of England. 7. A short prayer behence, any
small, hard particle
fore or after meat.
weight.
small
portion.
4.
A

small
Grace is free, sponSyx. Mercy.
taneous favor to the undeserving; mercy
5. A red color of any tint or hue. 6.
is kindness or compassion to the suffer[-ED -ING.]
1.
Texture, v. t.
ing or condemned.
It was the grace of
To paint in imitation of the grain of
God that opened a way for the exercise
grains,
as
into
form
wood.
2.
To
of mercy toward men.
-ing.] 1. To adorn;
powder.
v. t. [-ed
to decorate. 2. To honor.
Gral'LA-TO'RI-AL, ) a. [Lat. gral-

GRACE'FUL,

Displaying grace or
beauty in form or action elegant
easy.
[manner.
Gra^e'ful-Ly, adv. In a graceful
GracJe'ftjl-ness, n.
Elegance of
manner or deportment.
a.

GRACE'LESS,
especially

I,

o,u,Y, long; X,%,1, 6,

lator,

grat-

from giadus. See GRADE-]

Pertaining to wading birds.
GRAM'I-NA'CEOOs, a. [Lat. gramen,
graminis, grass.] Pertaining to the
grasses gramineous.
Resemblimg, or
a.
pertaining
to,
J
;

grass
tl,

(50),

is, stilts,

Wanting in grace, GRA-MIN'E-AL,

divine grace
hence, de- Gra-min'e-ous,
a.

praved; corrupt.
E,

Gral'LA-TO-RY

f, short;

adv.
According to the principles and rules of

Gramme

(gram), n.
[Fr ]
The
French unit of weight, equivalent to
15.433 grains troy or avoirdupois.
GRAM'PUS, n.
[Fr. grand poisson,
great fish.] A fish having conical
teeth, and breathing by a spout-hole
on the top of the head.
Gran'a-ry, n. A storehouse for grain
after it is thrashed.
Grand, a. [-ER; -est.] [Lat. grandis.~\
1. Of large size or extent
great hence, relatively great chief;
principal.
2. Great and firje or imposing. 3. Holding an elevated rank.
Syn. Magnificent; sublime. Grand,
;

in reference to objects of taste, is applied

to that which expands the mind by a
sense of vastness and majesty mar/nijiccnt is applied to any thing which is im;

posing from

its

splendor;

sublime de-

scribes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and
varied landscape is magnificent ; an
overhanging precipice is sublime.
Gran'dam, n. [ See svpra and Dame.]

grandmother.

Gr.Xnd'child,

[ter's child.

n.

son's or daugh-

Grand'daugh'ter

(-daw'tor),

n.

Daughter of a son or daughter.

n.
A man of rank; a
nobleman

Gran-dee',

Grand'eur,

n.

GRAND.]

See

[Fr.

Quality of being grand splendor of

appearance elevation of thought or
expression, or of mien or deportment.
Syn. Sublimity; majesty; stateli;

ness augustness
cence.
;

Grand'fX-ther,

loftiness

n.

magnifi-

father's

or

mother's father.

Gran-dIl'o-QUENCE,
or phrases

n. Lofty -words

bombast.

GRAN-DII/O-QUENT. a. [Lat. grandis,

grand, and loqui, to speak.] Pompous

bombastic.

Grand'I-ose'
grand.]

1.

(125). a. [Lat. grandis,

Imposing.

2.

bombastic.

Grand'LY, adv.

Grand'm6th-er

Turgid
[manner.
,

In a grand or

lofty
(-muth-er),
n.

Mother of one*s father or mother.

n.
A grandfather any

Grand'sire,

[or daughter.
(-sun), 7i.
Son of a son
[L. Lat. grangia, from
granary
Lat. gramim, grain.]
also, a farm, with its stables, &c.
Gr.Xn'Ite, n. [Lat. granitm, grain.]
rock consisting of quartz, feldspar,

ancestor.

Grand'son
GRANGE, n.

and mica.

grassy.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

G RAM-MA T'I-AL-LY,
grammar.

velocity
uniform
with a varying re[Lat.

Proceeding

n.

magistrate.
2.
A
contrivance
connected with machinery, for maintaining

GOWN,

a.

GOV'ERN-OR, 71. 1.
One who governs

sistance.
n.

(50),

gradual.

cloisters into the

n. 1. Actof governof polity in a state.

3.

esp.,

from the

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, trm; PIQUE, FIRM; SON.

GRANITIC
GRA-NlT'ie,
UiiA-.MT'I-AL,

of,

or

Grass'-PLoT,

like, granite.

GHA-NIV'O-ROUS, a.
grain, and vorare, to

[Lat.

grass

eat greedily.]

yield, fr. Lat. credere, to believe.]

2._

kind

windows of

prisons.

2.

Grate'FUL,

[Lat. gratus, agreea-

a.

and Eng. termination Jul.]

Having a due sense of benefits.

ble,

1.

2.

Affording pleasure to the senses.

Syx.
Thankful pleasing; accepta-

ble; gratifying
welcome delightful.
Consisting of, or
a.
Gran'u-lar,
In a grateful
resembling, grains. Grate'ful-ly, adv.
GrXn'U-LA-RY,
manner.
[-EI); -IXG.]
GRAN'U-LATE, V. t.
Grate'ful-ness, n. Quality of be2. To make
1. To form into grains.
ing grateful
gratitude
To
agreeablev. i.
rough on the surface.
;

GrXx'U-la'tion,

Act or process

n.

[Lat.

n.

grain

grain.]

Graph'ite,

write.]

n. [From Gr. ypdfciv, to

form of carbon, vised for

plumbago or
GrXp'nel, n. [From
pencils

black-lead.

Eng. grapple.]

v.

t.

[-ED; -IWO.] [Dim.

of grap, for grab.]
To seize either
with the hands or with hooks.
v.
i.
To contend in close fight.
n.
[See supra, and cf. Craple.] 1.
seizing; close hug in contest.
2.
hook by which one ship may fasten
on another.
Grasp, r. t. [-ed -ing.] [See Grab.]
To seize and hold to catch.
n. 1.
Gripe of the hand. 2. Power of seizing.
3. Power of intellect to com-

A
A

prehend subjects.

Grass

(6),

n.

Syn. Solemn; sober serious. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to flighty ;
as, sober thought.
Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed
to jocose or sportive ; as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes a state
of mind, appearance, &c, which results
from the pressure of weighty interests,
and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or
vivacity of manner; as, a grave remark,
grave attire. Solemn is applied to a case
which gravity is carried to its highest
point; as, a solemn admonition, a solemn
promise.
;

GRAV'EL,

n.
[0. Fr. gravele, of Celtorigin.]
1. Small stones.
2.
Small, calculous concretions in the
v. t.
kidneys and bladder.
[-ED,

ic

-ING

or

-LED, -LING,

137.]

To

1.

[A.-S.

gras,

GRAY'WXCKE, n. [Ger. grauwacke;

pleasing.
To congratulate.
J
Grat'u-la'tion, n. Act of gratulatgrau, gray, and wacke, wacke.]
A
ing or felicitating
joy

congratulation.

Expressing

a.

congratulatory.
[imp. graved p. p.
v. t.
or GRAVED p. pr. & vb.
n. GRAVING.] [Goth.gra6a.i, A -S.
grafan.] 1. To carve to engrave. 2.
n.
To clean, as a ship's bottom.
1. An excavation in the earth as a
place of burial hence, any place of

gars.]
t.

GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY,

tute the food of cattle.

v.
cover with grass or with turf.

[with grass.
State of abounding

OR, do, wolf, TOO, TO"ok; URN, rtje

GRAVEN,

To

Grass'hop-per, n. A well-known
jumping insect, which feeds on grass
Grass'i-ness, n.

of character, relations,

&c. 2. Solemn; sober; plain.

3.
(Mus.) Not acute or sharp low; deep.

Herbage; the plants which consti- Grave,

or leaves.

said

Death, or destruction.
-EST.]
[Lat. gravis,

Of importance influen-

cover with gravel. 2. To stick in the

sand; hence, to embarrass.
Grat'er, n. [See Grate.] He who GrXv'el-ly, a. Abounding with, or
grates an mstrumeut for grating.
consisting of, gravel.
[manner.
GrXT'I-FI-CA'TION, n.
1.
Act of Graye'ly, arfu.
In a grave, solemn
2. That which gratifies.
gratifying.
Grav'er, n. 1. One who engraves;
[-ED -ING, 142.]
GrXT'I-FY, v. t.
a sculptor. 2. An engraving tool
[Lat. gratificari, fr. gratus, pleasing,
a burin.
and facere, to make.] To please by Gra ve '-stone, n. A stone set by a
satisfying some wish to give pleasgrave, as a memorial.
ure to.
Grave'-yard, n. A yard for the
Syn. To indulge; humor. Gratify
interment of the dead a cemetery.
is the generic term, and has reference
GRAV'ID, a.
[Lat. gravidas; gravis,
simply to the pleasure communicated.
heavy.] Being with child pregnant.
To indidge a person implies that we
A dock into
concede something to his wishes or his Graving-dock, n.
weaknesses which he could not claim,
which ships are taken to have their
and which had better, perhaps, have
bottomscleaned.
been spared. To humor is to adapt our[-ED; -ING.]
selves to the varying moods, and perhaps GRAV'I-TATE, V. i.
To obey the law of gravitation to
caprices, of others.
We gratify a child
by showing him the sights of a large
tend toward the center.
city; we indulge him in some extra ex- Grav'I-ta'tion,
That force by
n.
pense on such an occasion we humor
which all particles of matter in the
him, if he is taken ill when away from
universe tend toward each other.
home.
GRAT'ING, n. [See GRATE.] 1. A GrXVI-ty, n. [Lat. gravitas, fr. gravis, heavy.]
harsh sound of rubbing. 2. A par1. Sobriety of character or demeanor.
tition of parallel or cross bars.
2. Relative im[Lat. contr. fr. graportance, dignity, &c. 3. Tendency
a' tis, adv
tiis, out of kindness.]
For nothing
of a body toward the center of the
earth. 4. Lowness of sound.
freely.
GRAT'l-TUDE (53), n. [L.'LsLt. grati- GRA'VY, n. [A.-S. greofa, pot.] Juices
obtained from meat in cooking.
tudo, fr. Lat. gratus, grateful.] State
Gray, a. [-er;-est.] [A.-S grdg,
of being grateful thankfulness.
[Lat. gratuitus,
greg, grig ] 1. Hoary white mixed
Gra-tu'i-TOUS, a.
with black.
2. Old; mature.
n.
fr. gratis, q. v.]
1. Given without
Any mixture of white and black.
an equivalent. 2. Without reason,
Gray'-beard, n. An old man.
cause, or proof.
[ent.
GRA-TU'l-TY, n. A free gift a pres- Gray'hound, n. See GREYHOUND.
GrXt'u-late, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] Gray'Ish, a. Somewhat gray.
[Lat. gratulari, -latum, from gratus, Gray'ness, n. Quality of being gray.

GR

small anchor, with

four or five claws, to
hold boats, &c.

GrXp'ple,

1.

granum,

a small particle.
GrXn'u-loOs, a.
Full of grains
granular.
Grape, n. [Fr. and D. grappe.] 1.
Fruit of the vine commonly a single
berry of the vine. 2. Grape-shot.
Grap'er-y, n. A building for the
cultivation of grapes.
Grape '-shot, n. A number of iron
balls, put together by means of circular plates and a connecting pin.
GrXph'ic,
1. Pertaining to
a.
GrXph'I-AL,
writing.
2. Written; inscribed.
3. Well delineated
[manner.
or described.
GrXph'I-al-ly, adv. In a graphic
little

2.

[-ER;

a.

heavy.]

ness.

of forming into grains.

Gr.Xn'ULE,

be formed into grains.

interment.

tial

2. Thing
a boon. 3. An apgranted
propriation or conveyance by gov[is made.
ernment,
Grant-ee', n. One to whom a grant
Grant'or (127), n. One by whom a
grant or conveyance is made

green.

[Lat. crates, hurdle.] 1.

of lattice-work, such as is used

2. [0. H. Ger. krazOn.]

To
rub roughly or harshly. 3. To wear
away, by rubbing.
4. To fret; to
vex to irritate.
1. To rub
v. i.
hard, so as to offend. 2. To make a
harsh sound by friction.

admit; allow.
1. Act of granting.
;

Covered with grass.

1.

grates.

n.

gift

a.

frame of iron bars for coals.

v. t.
[-ed; -ING.]
1.
To furnish with

plot covered with

n.

in the

1.

fer;

Resembling grass

GRATE,

to concede. 2. To bestow,
in answer to prayer. 3. To give possession or title of.
Sth. Togive; confer; convey ; trans-

yield

n.

a lawn.

granum, Grass'y,

Eating grain or seeds.

GR\NT (6), v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [0.
promise,
Fr. granter, cranter, to

To

GRAZIER

189

Consisting

a.

PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

conglomerate, consisting of rounded

pebbles and sand firmly united.
Graze, v.t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
grasian, fr. gras, grass.] 1. To touch
lightly in passing.] 2. To supply, as
cattle, with grass.
3. To eat from
the ground. 4. To tend grazing cattle.

v.i.

1.

To

eat grass.

2.

To

supply grass.

Gra'zier

(gra'zher),

C, G, soft; c, G, hard; AS.;

EJIST

n.

as

One who

NG; THIS.

GREASE
Grease,

for

Green'-gro'cer,

of the heels of ahorse.

Grease, or Grease, v. t. [-ed;
-ING.] To smear with grease.
Greas/i-ly, or Greas'i-ly, adv.
With grease, or an appearance of it.
Greas/i-ness, or Greas'i-ness, n.
State of being greasy.
Gras/y, or Greas'y, a. [-er est,
oily
142.] 1. Composed of grease
unctuous.
2. Smeared with
fat
grease. 3. Like grease; smooth. 4.
called
Affected with the disease
;

grease.

Great,

a. [-er; -est.] [A.-S. great,

1. Large in
allied to Lat. grandis.]
big expanded.
solidity or surface
;

h.

fresh vegetables or

[Lat. crassus, L. Lat.

grassus, thick, fat.]
1. Animal fat
2. An inflammation
soft
state.
in a
n.

GRISTLY

190
them

pastures cattle, and rears

market.

retailer of

between the lion and the

fruit's.

Green'h6rn. n. A raw youth. Low.]

Green'house, n. A house to pre[

serve tender plants in during cold

weather.
[green color.

distinguished.
7.
Eminent;
8.
Older,
important.
Weighty
younger, or more remote, by a sin;

glegeneration.
Great'ly, adv.

much.

gree;

1.

2.

In a great de-

Nobly.

ding or fear-inspiring aspect.

Green'-sick/ness, n. A disease of
Syn. Fierce; grisly hideous stem.
young women.
[grass. GrY-MACE', n. [Fr. from A.-S. grhna,
Green'sward, n. Turf green with
mask, ghost.] A distortion ot the
Greet, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
countenance, to express some feelgretan.]
To salute to hail; to acing a made-up face.
To give salutations.
cost.
v. i.
Gri-mal'kin, n. [Corrupted ix.grayGreet'ing, n. Salutation at meetmallcin, fr. gray and malkin,a. drab.]
ing; compliment addressed from one
An old cat.
,

nealth.

Great'ness,
great

Quality of being

n.

largeness of bulk, dimensions,

number, quantity, &c.

Greaves,

n. pi. [Lat. gravis, heavy.]

Ancient armor for the legs.

Gre'cian, a. Pertaining to Greece.
1. A native of Greece
a Greek.
n.
2 One versed in the Greek language
[language.
or literature.
}RE'CIM, n.
An idiom of the Greek
Greed, n. [Goth, grcdus, hunger.]
An eager desire greediness.
Eagerly
fiREED'l-LY, adv.
vora;

[greedy.

ciously,

Greed'i-ness,

GRIME,

absent.

GRE-GA'RI-otJS,

[Lat. gregarius,
Living in a flock or

a.

grex, herd.]
herd._
fr.

Quality of being

n.

ness; avidity.

Greed'y,

a.

GRE-NADE',

n.

[-er

-est, 142.]

[A.-

grddig, gredig; gradan, to cry,

call.]
1. Having a keen appetite
ravenous
voracious. 2. Eager to
obtain.
Greek, a.
Pertaining to Greece
Grecian.
n. 1. A native of Greece
a Grecian. 2. Language of Greece.
GREEN, a. [-ER EST.] [A.-S. grene,
fr.grGwan, Eng. grow.]
1. Having
the color of growing plants verdant.
5.

fgru), imp. of

GRY,

a.

I,

hicnd.]
der,

n.

v.

for broiling.
[Lat. gravis, heavy.]
n.

sadriess is applied to a per-

manent mood of the mind. Sorrow is

transient in many cases; but the grief of
a mother for the loss of a favorite child
too often turns into habitual sadness.

1.

cause of grief

or uneasiness. 2. Grief; affliction.

v.t.
[-ed -ING.] To in-

To
v. i.
mental pain upon.
sorrow to mourn.
Causing grief;
1.
GRlEV'otJS, a.
painful hard to bear. 2. Heinous
flict

short ;

grin's ton), n.
stone for grinding

One who

n.

grins.

n.
[See Gripe.] 1. A grasping
or seizing. 2. A peculiar mode of
claspin g the ban d
v.t. To grasp
.

to gripe.
v.

[-ed

t.

-ing.]

Cf. GRAB.]
and hold fast.

gripan.
1.

Pain of mind a painful sense of loss.

2. Cause of sorrow or pain.
sadness. Sorrow is
Sytt. Sorrow
generic; grief is sorrow for some definite
cause one which commenced, at least,

feel grief; to

2.

(colloq.

flat, circular

A grated uten- Gripe,

GRIEF,

Grieve,

3.

Grip,

Greyhound.

n.

2.

tools.

Grin'ner,

(-i-urn), n.

GRIEVANCE,

to

a mill.

scorch.] 1.
shallowpan for baking
cakes. 2. An iron cover for a stove.

To reduce

perform the operation of

T<?

i.

GRIND'STCNE

greidell, fr. greidiaw, to heat,

in the past

1.

friction, as in

grinding.

and swiftness.
GrId'dle, n. [W.

sil

[GROUND GRINDING.]

t.

grindan.]

]. One who grinds.

One of the double teeth a molar.

dog, remarkable
for its keen sight

Grid'I-ron

v.

Grind'er.ti.

slen-

graceful

'i,

To polish or sharpen by friction.

To oppress by severe exactions.

[A.-S.gragkund,
greghund, grig-

0,U, Y.long; A.S,I, 6,tJ,

Fierceness

n.

powder by

Grow.

GRAY.

See

Grey'hound,

.,

Having a hideous or
adv.

[A.-S.

for ladies' dresses.

Grew

To

t.

Fresh new recent. 3. Not ripe

not fully grown.
4. Young
flagitious.
raw
awkward.
5.
Not seasoned
not Griev'ous-ly, adv. In a grievous
dry.
n. 1. Color of growing plants.
manner.
2. A grassy plat.
[Lat. gryphus, equiv.
3. pi. Leaves and GrIf'fin, ) n.
stems of young plants dressed for GRiF'FON,
to gryps, Gr. ypvxfj, ypv
food.
v. t. [-ed; -ING.] To make
7r6s, fr. -ypv77os, curved, hook-nosed.]
green.
1. An imaginary animal, generated

2.

v.

Fiercely; sullen[sternness.
of look
[-ER; est, 142.] Full
of grime dirty
foul.
GrIn., v. i. [-NED -king, 136.] [A.-S.
grinnian.] To show the teeth, as in
laughter, scorn, or pain.
n. Act of
closing the teeth and showing them.
v. t.
To express by grinning.

A hollow ball filled

with powder, ana fired by means of
a fuse.
Gren'a-dier', >:. Formerly a soldier who threw grenades; now, one
of a company of tall, stout soldiers.
Gren'a-d'ine, n. A thin silk used GRJND,
granate, grenade.

hryme, hrhm, soof

[A.-S.

n.

Dirt deeply insinuated.

sully or soil deeply.

GrIm'ness,
[Fr grenade, pome- Grim'y, a.

gorian chants, calendar, &c.

Syjt. Ravenousness; voracity; eager-

Badly.
In some parts of this
Syn.
country, not by the vulgar alone, but by
educated persons, the v?OTdbadly is used
for greatly. Instead of saying, " I wish
greatly to see him," thev say, "I wish to
This is a gross ersee him very badly."
ror, and often becomes ridiculous, because the words seem to say of a friend,
" I wish to see him in a very bad state of

[A.-S.,
forbid-

of actors in a theatre.

6.

2.

[-ED -ING.] [Fr. griller, fr.

Lat. eraticida, a small gridiron, dim.
of crates, hurdle.] 1. To broil on a
gridiron.
2. To torment as if by
t.

Green'ing, n. A sort of apple, of a

broiling.
Green'ish, a. Somewhat green.
GRIM,. [-MER; -MEST, 136.]
Green'ROOM, n. The retiring-room
from grimman, to rage.] Of

eagle.

species of vulture.

Gp.Tll, v.

GRIM'LY, a.
Numerous. 3. Long continued.
stern look.
Belonging to, or
5. Un- Gre-go'ri-an, a.
4. Superior; commanding.
ly,
established by, Gregory as, the Grecommonly gifted powerful mighty.
2.

to seize

to the bowels of.

1. To clutch;
To give pain
To pinch to

2.

3.

[A.-S.

distress.
v. i. 1. To hold or pinch
as with a gripe. 2. To suffer griping
pains.
n. 1. Seizure clutch. 2.

handle.

distress.

Oppression pinching
Pinching and spasmodic

3.

4.

pain in the intestines.

Grisette

(gre-zef), n.

gris, gray, because

ferior classes wore

[Fr.,

from

women

of the ingray gowns.] A

young, laboring French woman kept
as a servant and mistress.

GRIS/LY

(grisly), a.

[A.-S. grislic,fc

grisan, agrtsan, to dread.]

horrible terrible.
ful

GrIst,

[A.-S. grist) gerst, pearled

n.
barley.]

That which is ground at

Supply provision.

1.

one time.

GrIs'TLE

Fright-

2.

(gris'l),

n.

[A.-S. gristh]

smooth, elastic substance in ani-

mal bodies cartilage.

GrIst'LY (^ris'ly), a.
Consisting
;

or like, gristle

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

of,

cartilaginous.

PIQUE, FIRM S6N,

;

GRIST-MILL
GlMST'-MlLL,

v. t* To
to feel one's way.
search out by feeling in the dark.
[-er; -est.]
[L. Lat.
Gross, a.
grossus, fr. Lat. crassus, thick, fat.]
1. Great
large bulky. 2. Coarse
sturough
3. Not easily aroused
low. 5.
pid. 4. Vulgar indelicate

mill for grinding

grists, or portions of grain brought

feeling

by different customers.

GRIT,

GUAIACUM

191

n.

[A.-S. grytt, grytte, bran,

dust, grilt, barley.]
1. Coaxse part
n.

2. Oats or wheat coarsely

of meal.
ground.
3. Sand or gravel.
4. A
hard, coarse-grained silicious sand-

Thick dense. 6. Great palpable.

resolution.
5. Spirit
1. The bulk
v.t.
7. Whole; total. n.
[-TED -TIN.] To grind to grate.
the mass. 2. Twelve dozen.
GRIT'TY, a. 1. Full of sand or grit. Gross'ly, adv. Greatly coarsely.
2. Spirited and resolute.
Gross'ness, n. Quality of being gross.
GRIZ'ZLE, n.
[From Fr. grit, gray.] Grot, n. A grotto.
Gray a mixture of white auu black. Gro-tesque', a. Like the figures
GRIZ'ZLED, a.
Gray; of a mixed
found in grottoes whimsical
exwhite and black.
[manner.
travagant,
Griz'zly, a. Somewhat gray.
Gro-tesque f ~LY, adv. In a grotesque
stone.

Groan,

v.

i.

[-ed: -ing.]"

granian. Cf. GRUNT.] To give forth

a low, moaning sound.
n.
A low,
moaning sound, uttered in pain or in

[D. groot, that is,

a great piece of coin.] 1. An old
English coin equal to four pence. 2.
pi. [A.-S. grit. See GRIT.]
Oats or
wheat deprived of the hulls.
GrS'CER, n. [Orig. grosser, one who
sells by the gross, or by wholesale.]
dealer in tea, sugar, spices, coffee,

sold

1.

A grocer's

n. State'of

being

Sediment; dregs.

v.

[-ED

t.

1. To lay on the ground.

2.
To found
to fix, as on a foundation.
3. To instruct in elements.
v. i.
To run aground to strike
and remain fixed.
imp. & p. p. of

Grind.

mixture

[house.

and water, usually not Ground'-floor,

Groundless,

a.

n.

'

Depressed part of the

1.

To

in-

crease in size by natural process. 2.

To increase in any way 3. To thrive
.

to flourish.

5.

v.

v. t.
to beg food. [Colloq. and low.]
to dig up by the roots.
n.
[So called from grubbing.] 1.
larve
of a beetle or weevil.
2.
short,
thick man. 3. Victuals.
[Colloq.
and low.]
GrOb'ber, n. 1. One who grubs. 2.
An instrument for grubbing.

To dig

Lower floor of a
Without ground Grudge, v.t.

1.

[A.-S. groivan.]

Grog'ger-y, n. A grog-shop.
or foundation false.
Geog'RAM, n. [0. Fr. gros-grain, GROUND'LESS-LY, adv. In a groundGrog'ran,
[being groundless.
i.e., gross-grain.]
Ai less manner.
coarse stuff of silk and moliair aiso, Ground'less-ness, n.
Quality of
a strong, coarse silk.
Ground'ling, . 1. Afish that keeps
Groin, n.
[Icel.
grein, division,
at the bottom of the water. 2. A
branch.]

grown.]

-ING.]

store.

cloak).]

[Amer.]

of spirit
sweetened.

Grog, it. [From Adm. Yernon (nicknamed " Old Grog,'' because he
wore a grogram

a wood of

i.

Commodities

pi.

2.

[-ED, -ING
or -LED, -LING, 137.] [Ice\. grufa, to
lie prostrate on the ground.]
1. To
creep on the earth to act in a prostrate posture.
2. To be low or mean.
Grov'L-er,
n. One who grovels;
Grov'.el-LER,
a servile person.
Grow, . i. [>mp. grew p. p,
(grSv'l), v.

pi.

n.

GROV.EL

an avenue

&c.

by grocers.

trees shading
small extent.

fruits,

from grafan,

derision.
(grawt), n.

Groat

Gro'cer-y.

[A.-S. grdf, grave, grove,

to dig.]
cluster of

n.

to become.
4. To result
To become attached to adhere.
t.
To produce; to raise.
Growl, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [D. grolgrotesque.
len, to grunt, be angry.]
To murGrot'to, n.; pi. grot'toes. [A-S.
To
mur or snarl, as a c'og.
v. t.
grut, fr. Lat. crypta, Gr Kpv-nrr], conexpress by growling. n. The murcealed subterranean passage.] A natmur of a cross dog.
ural cavern also, an ornamental, arGrown, p. p. of Grow.
tificial cave or cavern-like apartment.
GROUND, n. [A.-S. grund, fr. grin- Growth, n. 1. Process of growing
augmentation production. 2. That
dan, Eng. grind.] 1. Surface of the
which has grown product result.
earth hence, surface of a floor, &c.
[-bed
-bing, 136.]
land
estate.
2. Region
3. Foun- Grub, v. i.
[Goth, graban, to dig.] 1. To be ocdation. 4. (Paint.) Surface on which
2. To beg; esp.
cupied in digging.
a figure or object is represented. 5.

Gro-Tesque'ness,

[A.-S.

GROVE,

spectator in the pit of the theater.

[-ed;-ing.] [O.Eng.

grutche, gruiche, fr. grunt.] To part

with reluctantly
to desire to get
back again.
To be covetous
v. i.
or envious; to be unwilling,
n.
Uneasiness at the possession of something by another secret enmity.
Stx
Pique aversion dislike ha-

spite.
tred
body between the belly and the GROUND'-NUT, n.
1.
The peanut.
thigh. 2. Angular curve made by
2. A leguminous, twining plant.
Grudg'ing-ly, adv. In a grudging
Ground'-plan, n. Surface reprethe intersection of two arches.
manner.
v.
t.
To fashion into, or adorn with,
sentation of the divisions of a build- Gru'el, n. [0. Fr. gruel, for grutel,
groins.
ing.
fr. A.-S. grilt.
See GRIT.] Alight
Groined, a. Having
GroU(ND'-pl6t, n. 1. Ground on
food, made by boiling meal in water.
which a building is placed. 2. Plan Gruff, a. [-er;-est.] [D. grof, N.
an angular curve
made by the interof the lower part of a building.
II. Get.grob.]
Of a rough or stern
section of two semiGround'-rent, n. Rent paid for
manner, voice, or countenance.
cylinders or arches.
building on another man's land.
Gruff'LY, adv. In a gruff manner.
Groom, n.
Ground'sill, n. Timber of a build- Gruff'ness, n. Quality or state of
[0. D.
grom, boy, youth
ing which lies next to the ground
being gruff.
A.-S. guma, man.]
the sill.
Grum, a. [A.-S. See Grim.] 1. Mo<
1. A man or boy who
Ground'swell, n. A broad, deep
rose: severe of countenance. 2. Low;
;

has the

charge of

swell or undulation

Groined Arch,
horses.
2. One of
several officers of the English royal
household. 3.
man recently married or about to be married a bridegroom.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To
tend or care for, as a horse.
GROOVE, n. [A.-S. grdf, ditch, pool,
fr- grafan, to dig.]
A "furrow, channel, or long hollow.
[-ED
v. t.
-ING-.]
To cut a groove or channel
in; to furrow.

Ground'work

Grope,

GROUT,

v. i.
[-ed
-ing.] [A.-S.
gropian, allied to gripe.] To attempt
to find something in the dark, by

or, do,

wqlf, too,

TO~oii

of the ocean.

(-wfirk), n. 1. Founbasis. 2. The essential part.

3. First principle.
(grobp) n. [Fr. groupe,grouppe,
cluster, bunch.]
1.
cluster; an

dation

GROUP

assemblage.

2.

An

assemblage of

objects in a certain order or

[-ED
-ING.]
To form

relation.

v.

t.

group

of.

Grouse,

stout-legged

bird,

n.
[A.-S. grut. See GROAT.]
Coarse meal.
2. A thick ale.
3.
Lees dregs. 4. A thin, coarse mortar.
1.

murmur
growl.

with

3.

discontent.
2.
to roar.

To

To rumble;

Grum'bler, n. One who grumbles.

Grume, n. [Lat. grumus, a littlo
heap.] A clot, as of blood.
GRUM'LY, adv. In a grum manner.
Grunt, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Ger.
grunzen, A.-S. grunan.] To make a
;

n.

highly prized for food.

URN, rue, PULL

gutturai.

GRtJM'BLE, v. i.
[-EDI-ING.] [LTo
Ger. grummeln, grumen.].
1.

js, /,

o, silent

deep guttural noise, like a hog.

A deep, guttural sound.
Gr^ph'on, n. See Griffin.

GUA'lA-etJM (gwa'ya-), .

c,G, soft ;,&, hard;

as.;

exist;

n.

[From the

NOSNG;

THIS

GUANO
language of Hajti.]
crooked West Indian

small,

2. Resin
tree.
of the lignumvitite, much used in
medicine.
Gua'no (gwa'no), n. [Sp., fr. Peruv.
huanu, dung.] Excrement of certain
used as a manure.
sea-fowls

GuAr'an-TEE'

(gar'an-tee'), n.

1.

promise to answer for the performance of some duty, in case of the

failure of another person primarily
2. A guarantor.
liable; a security.
3. One to whom a guaranty is made.
v.t.
[-ED -ING.] To make sure

to warrant.

[surety.

Guar/an-tor/,

Guar'an-ty

n.

warrantor

(gar'an-ty),

[0. Fr.

n.

guarantie, from 0. H. Ger. wercn, to

warrant, keep.] An undertaking to
answer in case of the failure of another person to pay or perform a
v.t. [-ED
warranty a security.
-ING, 142.] 1. To engage that another shall perform what he has stipulated.
2. To undertake to secure
to
to another.
3. To indemnify
harmless.
save
Guard (gard, 72), v. t. [-ed -ing.]
[0. Fr. guarder, warder, from A.-S.
weardian, Eng. loard.]
1.
To protect from danger
to secure against
surprise or attack.
2. To protect
the edge of.
Syn.
To defend shield ; watch.
v. i.
To watch by way of caution
1.
That which
or defense.
n.
guards or secures.
2. Any fixture
or attachment to protect against in3.
j iry or defacement, theft or loss.
{Fencing.) A posture of defense.
Sy.
Defense shield; protection;

safeguard; escort; -watch ; heed.

(gard'I-an), n.
[0.

Guard'i-an

Fr.

guardain, gardian. See GUARD, v.]

2.
1. One who guards; a warden.
One who has custody of the person
or property of a minor, or of a person incapable of managing his own

Guarding protecting.
Guard'i-an-shIp, n. Office of a guardaffairs.

a.

ian.

GuArd'-room,

n.

A room

for the

accommodation of guards.

Gua/va
or

(gwa/va), n.

tropical tree,

its fruit.

Gu'ber-na-tS'ri-al

[Lat.
Pertaining to

(89), a.

gubernator, governor.]
government, or to a governor.
(gud'jun), n.
[Lat. gobio,
orgobius, Gr. Kwjeio?.]
1. A small

GtJD'GEON
often

ment.

GUESS,

[-ED -ING.] [Allied to

1. To judge
A.-S. gitan, Eng. get.]
of at random. 2. To form an opinion of. from reasons thac are not det.

t'.

3. To conjecture rightly.
4.
To hit upon by accident.
Syn. To think; reckon. It is a gross

cisive.

vulgarism to use the word guess, not in

its true and specific sense, but simply for
think or believe, as, " I guet>s the mail has
arrived; " " / guess he is at home."
It is
equally vulgar to use reckon in the same
way, as, "1 reckon the mail has arrived
"I reckon he is at liome." These
;

words are the shibboleth of the North and

the South in this country.
It would be
better for each (in order to avoid so gross
a vulgarism) to drop entirely its peculiar
and abused term, substituting therefor

some such word

as think, believe,

CuerrIl'LA

to

hang

tom practice.
GuI-tXr/ (gi-tar'),
;

n.

[Fr. guitarre,*

from Gr. Ki6dpa.]

A stringed instrument

music

of

resembling

the

violin.

Gulch,

n.
ravine a gully.
Guitar.
Gules, (guiz), n.
[L. Lat. gula, reddened skin.] A red
color;
indicated in engraving by
;

perpendicular

imag- Gulf,

n.

lines.

[Gr. koAttos.]

1.

An abyss

2. A large bay ; an
To make a guess to conjecture.
n.
Judgment without suffi- Gull, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Cf. Guile,
and Gull, a sea-fbwl.] To deceive
cient evidence conjecture.
to cheat; to trick,
Guest, n. [A.-S. gest, Goth, gasts.]
n. 1. A trick
fraud. 2. A dupe. 3. [W. gwylan.]
A visitor entertained for a short

a deep chasm.
open sea.

ine, fancy, &c.

v.

i.

time.

[tcr.

Guf-faW,

n.
n.

A loud burst of laugh-

Guid'ance,
rection

Guide

Act of guiding;

di-

government.

[-ed; -ing.]
[Fr. guider, fr. Goth, vitan, to watch
over, give heed to.] 1. To lead or
(gld, 72), v.

way.

t.

2. To train
to influence.
One who directs another in his

direct.
n. 1.

2.

regulator.
n.
A post to direct

Guide '-post,

travelers in the way.

Gui'DON(-I/don),

n. [Fr.

SeeGuiDE.]

A small flag or streamer,

as that carried by_ cavalry.

(gild), n.
[A.-S., fr. gildan, to
pay.] An association of men formed
for mutual aid and protection.
Guile (gll, 72), n. [O. Fr., fr. A.-S.
wile, Eng. wile.]
Craft; cunning;
duplicity.

Guile'ful,
GUILE'LESS

web-footed sea-fowl, with long,

narrow wings.
[agus.
GOl'let, 7i. [Lat. gula.] The esophGul/li-bil'i-TY, n. Quality of being
gullible.

Colloq.]

GuL'LY,n. [See GULLET.] A channel worn in the earth by water a

gulch.
v. t. [-ed; -ing, 142.] To

wear into

Gulp,

v.

gullies.

[-ed

t.

-ing.]

[D. gul~

pen, golpen, fr. golpe, whirlpool.] To

swallow eagerly to swallow up.
n. As much as is swallowed at once.

Guild

Full of guile.
Free from guile.
Gui'L'LO-T'iNE/(ijd'lo-teen / ), n- [From
Guillotin, a French physician.]
A
machine for beheading a person by
v. t.
the stroke of a heavy axe.
[-ED ;-ING.] To behead with the guillotine^
Guilt (gilt), n. [A.-S. gylt, fr. geldan,
gildan, to pay orig. the fine paid
for au offense, afterward the offense
itself.]
Criminality and conse1.
a.

(109), a.

quent exposure to punishment. 2.

Exposure to any legal penalty.
GuiLT'i-LY, adv. In a guilty manner.
Guilt'i-ness, n. State of being guilty.

ing guilt

GufN'EA
[0. Fr.,

against,

reward.

criminal and ill-deserving.

(gln'e), n.

Gum,

n. 1. [A.-S. gOma, palate.] The

hard, fleshy substance covering the
jaws. 2. [A.-S. gGma, Lat. gummi,
Gr. KOfjLfxt..] A hard vegetable secretion, soluble in water.
Gum arable, a gum from trees of several species of the genus Acacia.

v.t.
with

[-MED

gum

To smear

-MING.]

stiffen by
[scess on the gum.
boil or small aba.
[Lat. gummi,

to unite or

gum.
GUM'-BOIL,

n.

GUM-Mi'F'ER-otfs,

gum, andyerre,
gum.
Gum'mi-ness,

to bear.]

Producing

[gumur

n.

Gum'mous, a.
gummy.
Gum'my, a. [-ER; EST, 142.]

1.

sisting of

gum

2.

ered Mith

gum.

Gump,

n.

adhesive.

dolt

Quality of being
Composed of gum

a dunce.

ConCov-

[Low.]

GtJMP'TlON (84), n.
[Cf. 0. Eng.
gaum, to understand.] Capacity

shrewdness.

about five dollars.

Gu'in'ea-pig (pa'e-), n.
mistake for Guiana-pig.]

war. 2. One who earries on irregular or predatory warfare.

Guise

[Sp.,

lit.

O, U, Y,long;

E,I, 5,U, Y, short;

n.

and mortar.

n.
A small vessel fitted
one or more guns.
Gun'-CoVton, n. A highly explosive substance obtained by soakiug

to carry

cotton,

a
small

[Prob.

&c,

[Fr. guise,

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

from

WHAT

in nitric

n.

One who works a gun.

The art and science

of firing guns.

ERE, VglL, TERM PIQUE, FIRM S6N,

;

and sulphuric

acids.

GtJN'NER, n.

Gun'ner-y,

Brazilian rodent.
(giz, 72),

cept the pistol

[From Guinea, Gun'-boat,

Africa, abounding in gold.] An

old gold coin of England, current for
twenty -one shillings
sterling, or

in

war, skirmish.] 1. AnirreguUr, predatory mode of carrying on

(ger-rli'ia), n.

little

I,

Eng. wise.]
1. External
appearance garb; behavior. 2. Cus-

fish, easily

shaft
fastened to the stern-post
the rudder on.
Cuer'don (ger'don, 14), n.
fr. 0. H. Ger. widar, again,
and Lat. donujn, gift.] A

A, E,

&

A.-S.

Gum'-res/in, n. Milky juice of a

caught and Guilt'less, a.
2.
Innocent.
1.
plant solidified by exposure to air.
used for bait.
2. A person
Without experience.
cheated.
[Prob. fr. Lat. canna, reed,
3. A bait; allure- Gu'ilt'less-ness, n.
Quality of be- GtJN, n.
tube, perh. fr. 0. Eng. gyn, gin, ab4. The part of any horizontal
ing guiltless.
which
brev.
of
on
it runs.
5. An eye Gui'LT'Y, a. [-ER; -est, 142.] Evincengine.] Any fire-arm ex-

fresh- water

easily

CxUNKERY

192
A

1.

;
,

;;

GUNNING
of hunt-

Gl\\'\y, n. [Hind, gon.] A strong,

coarse kind of sacking.
GDn'pow-der, n. A mixture of salt-

and charcoal pulver-

peter, sulphur,

ized, granulated, and dried.

1.
Distance
n.

GC'VsiioT,

of the

point-blank range of a canuon-shot.

2. Distance to which shot can be effectively thrown from a gun.
Gun'smith, n. A maker of guns.GC'-VWALE (commonly pron. gun'nel),
[From gun and icale. because
n.
the upper guns are pointed from it.]
Upper edge of a ship's side.

Gur'gle,

l\

[-ED

i.

-l.\G.]

[Ger.

gurgeln, to gargle.] To flow in a bron.

ken, irregular, noisy current.
A gush or flow of liquid.
Gt'SH, v. i. [ed: -ing.] [0. H. Ger.

giozan, giuzan,

pour

out.]

1.

To

A.-S. geotan, to
flow forth copious-

2. To act with a sudden and

rapid impulse.
To flow. To gush is to break
Snr.
forth with violence to flow is to move
on gently with little or no opposition.
The fountain qwhe* from beneath the
rocks, and/oifs quietly away in a wind-

ly.

ing stream.

GCs'set.

gonsset, dim. of
gousse, pod, husk.] A piece of cloth
inserted in a garment, to strengthen
or enlarge some part.
GUST, n. 1. [Lat. gustus.] Pleasure
from tasting; relish. 2. Gratification; enjoyment. 3. flcel. gustr, fr.
gusta, to blow cold.]
A sudden
squall,
4. A violent burst of pas[Fr.

n.

HACKLE

193

GUN'NING, ?i. Act or practice

ing game with a gun.

Gust'y,

n.
[It.
See Gust.]
Nice
appreciation or enjoyment
relish.

to,

GYM-N.Xs'TI,

Gut,

GOt'tur-al-LY, adv.
Guy, 71. [See Guide.]

In a guttural

rope or rod
attached to any thiug to steady it.
GOz'ZLE (gQVzl), V. i. [-ED; -ING.]
[A modification of guttle.] To swal-

jow liquor

6yke,.
shift

t.

greedily or frequently.
&'.
To
E-ed; -ing.]
side of a vessel to the

from one

other L

6ym-na'si-um,

n. ; pi. gym-na'si-a.
[Gr. yvfJLvda-Lov, fr. yv/mvos, naked.]
exercises.
athletic
2.
1.
place for
school for the higher branches of
learning.

sion.

Gus'to,

or attended

\ a. Relating to atb
GYM-NAS'TI-AL, )
letic exercises.
by, gusts.
1. Athletic exe.rn.
[Allied to Goth, qvithu*, bel- GYM-NAS'Tl-e, 7i.
cises. 2. One who practices or teacnly, womb.]
1. Intestinal canal of an
es athletic exercises.
animal. 2. pi. The whole mass of
intestines.
[-ted; -ting, GYM-Nls'Ties, n. sing,
v. t.
^.rt of performing athletic exercises.
out
bowels
1.
To
take
the
142.]
from to eviscerate. 2. To destroy GYM'NO-SPERM, ti.
[Gr. yujavo?, nathe interior of.
ked, and a-rrepp-a, seed]
A plan-:
GfiT'TA-PER/CHA, 7i. [Malay, gutta,
bearing naked seeds, as the aemlock.
gum, and perr.ha, tree from which it GYN'E-OC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. yvvq, yvis procured.]
An inspissated sap
j/ai*c6s, woman, and Kparelv, to rule.]
from various trees in the Malayan
Government administered by a Ioniarchipelago.
[taining gypsum.
an,
Gut'ta Se-re'NA. [Lat., lit. se- GYP'SE-OUS, a. Resembling or conGr. yy<|/o*.J A
rene or clear drop.] Blindness occa- GYP'SUM, n. [Lat.
mineral consisting of sulphate of
sioned by a palsied retina.
GtJT'TER, 7i. [Lat. gutta, drop.] 1. A
lime, and 21 per cent, of watei.
channel to convey away rain from a GYP'SY (148), ?i.
[0. Eng. Gyptian,
1. One of a vagabond
roof.
2. A small chaunel.
t.
fr. Egyptian.]
t*.
race, coming originally from India.
[-ED; -IN.]
To form into small
2. A cunning person.
[tory.
channels.
t
Gut'tur-al, a. [Lat. gvttur, throat.] GY'ral (j^ral), a. "Whirling gyra-ING.] [Lat.
Pertaining to, or formed in, the GY'RATE, v. i. [-ED
gyrare, gyratum.
See GYRE.]
To
throat.
7i.
A letter pronounced in
[manner.
revolve round a central point
to
the throat.

Subject

a.

GYM'NAST,

One who teaches or

n.

practices gymnastic exercises.

move spirally.
6y-ra'tion, n.

circular or spiral

motion rotation.
7i.
[Lat. gyrus, Gr. yvpos, fr.
yvpos, round.] A circular motion, or
a circle described by a moving bodyGYR'fal-ON (jer'faw-kn), n.
[L.
Lat. gyrofalco, a gyrando, from its
circling around before descending on
the preyJ
species of falcon.
GY'ro-scope, ti.
[Gr. yupo?, ring,
circle, and o-Koneiv, to view.]
A re
tating wheel mounted in a ring o*
rings, for illustrating the dynamics
[a fetter
of rotating bodies, &c.
GYVE (jiv), n. \W. gefyn.] A shackle'
;

GYRE,

H.
H(aitch),

custom. Habit is an internal principle

which leads us to do easily, naturally,
certainty, what we do
often custom is external, being habitual
use or the frequent repetition of the same

the eighth letter of the

you

etymology.]

such as pins, needles, thread, &c.

Ha-BIE'I-MENT,

n.
[Fr. habillement
fr. Lat. habitus, dress.]
garment
clothing.
HJb'it, n.
[Lat. hafntvs, fr. habere,
to have, be in a condition.]
1. Ordinary state; esp., physical tempera-

ament. 2. Fixed or established custom acquired involuntary tendency

to perform certain actions. 3. Attire
dress
hence, a garment.
Syn. Practice; mode; manner; way;
;

the will, selecting given modes of procedure habit is a law of our being, a
kind of " second nature " which grows
up within us.
;

liberty.

n.
[Of uncertain
seller of small wares,

A writ to
inquire into the cause of a person's
imprisonment or detention, with the
view to protect the right to personal

HXb'er-d.Xsh'er,

usp-

[Lat.,

Customary; accustomed;

and with growing

surprise, joy, or grief.

Ha'be-as -Cor'pus.
may have the body.]

Sytt.

al; common.
Ha-bit'u-al-ly, adv. Customarily
usually
commonly.
The two operate reciprocally on HA-BIT'U-ATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
act.
The custom of giving proeach other.
To make accustomed to familiarize.
liberality
duces a habit of
habits of deHXb'I-tude,
n. [Lat. habitudo.]
(53),
votion promote the custom of going to
Customary manner or mode of living,
church. Custom also supposes an act of

English alphabet. See Principles

of Pronunciation, 76.
HA, interj An exclamation denoting

feeling, or acting.

Hacienda
An

isolated
v. t.

a/the-en'da),

n.

[Sp.]

farm or farm-house.

Hack,

[-ed; -ing.]
[A -S.
To dress; to
v. t. [-ed; -ING.]
1. To cut irregularly and
haccan.]
clothe.
awkwardly.
2. To speak with hesiHAB'IT-A-BLE, a.
[Lat. habitabilis,
1. To be exposed to
tation.
v. i.
Capable of
fr. habitare, to dwell.]
common use for hire. 2. To make
being inhabited.
[ITANCY.
n.
an effort to raise phlegm.
[Cf.
HXb'it-an-cy, n.
Same as InhabIcel. fdkr, horse. See Hackney.] 1.
Hab'i-TAT, ti.
Natural abode or loA horse, or carriage, let out for comcality of a plant or animal.
mon hire also, a family horse. 2.
Hab'i-ta'tion, n. 1. Act of inhabitA drudge. a. Hackneyed hired
2. Place of abode a residence.
ing.
mercenary.
Ha-bIt'U-AL, a. 1. Formed by habit. HAck'le (hak'l), v.t. [-ED;-ING.]
2. According to habit.
3. Rendered
1. To separate, as the coarse part of
permanent by continued causes.
flax or hemp from the fine. 2. To

OR, Dp,wpLE,TOO,TO~&K.; URN, RUE,

PULL

I,

silent

C,G,

so/*;

e,&,hard; As; EXIST;

sasNG;

THIS.

HACKMATACK

Hack'ma-tack', n. [Of Indian origin.]

The tamarack tree.
IlXcK'NEY (149), n. [Fr. haquence, a
1. A
pacing horse.
Cf. Hack.]
nag a pony. 2. A horse, or a horse
and carriage kept for hire a hack.
1.
a.
3. A hireling a prostitute.
;

Let out for hire. 2. Common trite.

[-ED; -ING.] To make trite
or commonplace, [for hire a hack.
Acoach kept
II \ck'ney-OACH, n.
Had, imp. & p.p. of Have [Contr.
See
fr. A.-S. hafde, that is, haved.]

v.t.

tle

[W.
n.
having seed.]

hadsea-fish a lit-

hadog,

fr.

smaller than the cod.

IIa'de, n.

[Gr. aSrjs, aiSris.]

The

habitation of the dead.

Haft,
to

n.
[A.-S. haft, haft, hdftan,
handle as of a
take, seize.]

knife or dagger.

Hag,
old

[A.-S. hdges.]

n.

HAir'-BREAdth,

Hal-loo',

Breadth of a
n.
hair a very small distance.
HAir'-brush, n. A brush lor smoothing the hair.
Hair'-Loth, n. Stuff made of hair.
HAir'-dress'er, n. One who dresses or cuts hair.
Hair'i-ness, n. State of abounding,
or being covered, with hair.
HAir'-pIn, n. A pin used in dressing
the hair.
HAiR'-SPRlNG, n.
fine wire in a
watch, which gives motion to the
balance-wheel.
[in writing.
Hair'-stroke, n.
delicate stroke

t.

of,

woman

a fury.

1.

2.

An

ugly
witch a
;

sorceress.

makeholy to
Hal'low-'mas
;

HXl'cy-on

(hal'sl-on), n.
[Gr. clAkva. 1.
a>v,a\Kvu>v.] The kingfisher.
Pertaining to the halcyon, which
was said to lay her eggs in nets near
the sea during cairn weather.
2.

Half

(haf, 169). n.

[A.-S. healf half.]

pudding
One of two equal parts of a thing.
In an
a. Consisting of half.
adv.
containing the entrails of a lamb,
equal part or degree.
chopped with fine herbs and suet,
(haf-and-haf
highly seasoned, and boiled in the Half'-and-half'
to

chop.]

maw. [Scot.]
HXG'GlSH,a. Like a hag

HXg'gle,^.

t.

ugly.
[-ed; -ING.] '[Dim.
;

1. To cut
of Scot, hag, for hack..]
2. To tease
to
into small pieces.
worry.
v. i. To be difficult in bar-

gaining

n.

pi

[Gr. ayi-

(haf'-),

HXl'YARD,

Book-

n.

(haf-), n.

n.

[From

hale, or haul,

and yard.] A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards or sails.

HXm, n. [A.-S. ham, fr. 0. H. Ger.
ham, crooked.]
1. Inner or hind
part of the knee. 2. Thigh of a hog

binding in which the backs and corners are in leather, and the sides in
paper or cloth.
person

half-blooded; especially , the

is

equal parts.

Half'-bTnd'ING

who

mixture of beer or por-

Half'-breed

to chaffer.

Ha'gi-og'ra-pha,

128), n.
ter and ale.

Feast of

n.

(146).

[Scot, hag, to hack,

n.

[A.-S.
halig, holy.] To

fr.

covered with, or

[-EDJ-ING.]
consecrate.

All Souls, All Saints^ or All Hallows.

n.
[Lat. hallucinatio, fr. hallucinari to wander in
mind.]
1. Error; delusion.
2. An
illusion of sensible perception.
HA'LO, n. ; pi. HA'LO.g.
[Gr. eiAws,
lit., a circular threshing-floor.]
A
circle of light, especially a circle
round the sun or moon.
Ha'loid, a. [Gr. oiAs, oiAos, salt, and
i6o?, form.]
Bescmbling a salt;
applied to binary compounds.
Hals'er (haws'er), n. [Ger. halse, a
collar of hounds, halser, from hals,
neck.]
hawser.
See Hawser.
Halt, f, i.
-ing.]
[-ed
[A.-S.
healtian, to limp.]
1. To stop in
walking or marching.
2. To limp.
v. t.
To cause to cease marching.
a. Halting in walking lame.
n. 1.
stop in marching a stopping. 2. Limping; lameness.
Halt'ER, n. 1. One who halts or
2. [A.-S. halfter.]
limps.
A strap
and head-stall for a horse. 3. A rope
for hanging malefactors.
v.
t[-ED -ING.] To put a halter on.
Halve (hav), v. t. [-ed -ing.]
[From half.]
To divide into two

Hence, calm quiet undisturbed.

[Fr. hagard, Ger. haa.
See Whole.]
from 0. Eng, hauke, now hawk, Hale, a. [A.-S. hal.
Sound healthy robust.
and the suffix ard ] 1. Wild or in[-ed -ing.]
tractable. 2. Having the expression Hale, or Hale, v. t.
[See Haul".] To drag; to haul.
of one wasted by want or suffering.

HXg'gis,

call.

HAL-LU'CI-NA'TION,

gart,

HXg'gess,

3.

halgian,haligan,

n. Asea-fish of the cod family.

(hol'berd), n. [M. H. Ger.
helmbart, helmbarte, i. e., an ax to
split a helmet, fr. barte, a broad ax,
and helm, helmet.] A pole having a
steel pointed head, and a steel crosspiece, with a cutting edge.

To

HXl'LOW,1!.(.

resembling hair.

-ing.]

tion to excite attention.

IIal'berd

HXg'gard,

to.

interj.

Made

a.

[-ED

i.

1.

2.

HAlR'Y,

v.

call by name, or by the word halloo.

v.
To encourage with shouts.
To chase with shouts.
n. A shout Toa call
or shout

Ho, there an exclama-

Hake,

Have.
Had'dock,
awg,

HAMMER-HARDEN

194

tear rudely asunder.

n.
[Allied to
hook.]
An instrument with teeth
tor separating the coarse part of
llax or hemp from the tine.

salted and smoked.

and whites.
written by inspiration.]
1.
That HALF'-BROTH ER(haf/ -), n. A broth- Ham'a-dry/ad, n. ; Lat.pl. hXm'aDRY'A-DEg. [Gr. 'AfxaSpvas, from
part of the Old Testament not emer by one parent only.
Wantbraced by the Law and the Prophets. Half'-heart'ed (haf-), a.
afia, together, and Spvs, oak, tree.]
2. The lives of the saints.
A wood-nymph, feigned to live and
ing in true affection.
Ha'gi-og'ra-pher, n. One of the Half'pay (hafpa), n. Diminished or
die with a particular tree.
Hames, n. [Allied to 0. H. Ger. ham,
writers of the hagiographa.
reduced pay.
crooked ] The curved pieces by which
Ha'gi-og'ra-phy, n. Same as Ha- Half'-PEN-NY (haf pen-ny\ hap'pengiographa.
the traces of a horse are attached to
ny, or ha'pen-ny, 152), n. An En6ypa<fra

(SC

/3tj3Aia),

fr.

ay;6ypa</)0s,

offspring of Indians
/

Hah,

interj.

An

exclamation express-

ing surprise or effort.

n.
[Prob. from haw-haw, a
reduplication of haw, hedge.]
A
fence or bank in a slope so as not to
be seen until one is close upon it.
HAIL, n.
1.
[A.-S. hagal, hagel.]
Frozen rain.
2.
[A.-S. hat, halo,
safety.]
A wish of health a salutation.
v.i.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To
pour down masses of ice or frozen
vapor.
2. To report one's self.
v. t.
1. To call after loudly; to sa-

Ha-ha',

lute.

To name

interj.
to call.
An exclamation of salutation.
Hail/stone , n.
frozen rain-drop.
HAIR, n. [A.-S. hdr.] 1.
small animal filament, or a mass of such. 2.
filament on the surface of plants.
2.

A, E,I,

5,U,Y. long; A,, 1,6, U, Y,

glish coin

of

the value of half a

penny.

(haf-), n. A sister by
one parent only.
Half '-way (hafwa), adv. In the
a.
at half the distance.
middle
Equally distant from the extremes.

Half'-sis'ter

Half'- wit'ted

(haf-),

Silly

a.

[sea-fish.

foolish.

Hal'i-but

large flat
(hofi-but), n.
n. [A.-S. heal, heall: Gr. avArj,
1. A large covered edifice
palace.]
or a room for public or private pur2. A passage-way at the enposes.
4.
3. A manor-house.
trance.
college in an English university.
inHXl'LE-lu'iah ) (-hVya), n.
terj.
HXl'LE-LU'JAH
[See ALLE-

HALL,

&

luiah.]

Praise ye Jehovah.

short;

the collar.
HX ML'LE T n [A.-S. ham, home and
let, a dim. termination.]
A little
cluster of houses in the country
a
small village.
Ham'mer, n. [A.-S. hamer.] 1. An
instrument for driving nails, &c. 2.
Something which resembles a ham[-ed; -ing.]
1. To
v. t.
mer.
beat or fashion with a hammer. 2.
To contrive by intellectual labor.
The cloth
HXm'mer-gloth, n.
probwhich covers a coach-box
ably so called from the old practice
of carrying a /; am mer, nails, &c.,in
a pocket hid by this cloth.

HXm'mer-hard'jbn,

v.

[-ed;

t.

-ING.] To harden, as a metal, by

hammering in the cold state.

CARE.FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

1Z.RHS.)

PIQUE, FIRM

S6N,

HAMMOCK
IlAM'MOCK,

IlAND'SOME LYfMn'sum-j^t/i'.

n.

of
bed.

kind
hanging

Hammock.
H.XM'PER, n. 1.
[Contr. from hanaper, a basket.]

large basket for conveying things to

2. [Of. lcel. kanpr,
market, &c.
v. t. [ed -ing.]
hemp.] A fetter.
2. To put a
1. To put in a hamper.
hamper on to shackle to embarrass.
Ham'STRING, n. One of the tendons
[hamstrung,
v. t.
of the ham.

or

hamstringed; hamstring-

To disable by
ing.]
tendons of the ham.

cutting the

1.
[A.-S. hand, hond.]
n.
Outer extremity of the human arm.
That which resembles a human
hand, esp., the pointer of a dial. 3.
A measure of four inches. 4. Slide;
part. 5. Actual performance hence,
manner of performance. 6. An ageut

2.

7.

Penmanship.

8. pi.

9. Agency
1'ossession ; ownership.
v.t. [-ED; -ing.]
in transmission.
with
give
tr
the
To
or
nsmit
hand.

Hand'-bar'row,

vehicle or
frame borne by the hands of men.
IIand'bill, n. A loose printed advertisement for circulation.
Hand'-book, n. A small book of
reference a manual.
n.

Hand'-breadth,

n.

space equal

to the breadth of the hand.

n.
fastening for the
wrists; a manacle.
v. t.
[-ED
-ING.]
To put handcuffs on to

Hand'cuff,

Hang,

v.

[hanged,

t.

1.
(155), n.
will hold.

As much

the hand
quantity or number.

2.

as

small

[gallop.

Hand'-gal'lop, n. A slow and easy

Hand'i-craft, n. Manual occupation,

[ner.

In a handy man-

Hand'i-ly, adv.
Hand'I-ness, n.

or

hung

Hang'er-6n,

One who hangs on

n.

a person or place

Hang'ING,.

1.

a dependent.

Death by suspension.

Lining or drapery for a room/

A public execu(150), n.

2. pi.

disputatious address. A general makes

a harangue to his troops on the eve of
a demagogue harangues the
a battle
populace on the subject of their wrongs.
;

Hang'man
tioner.
Hank, n.

[Icel. hanki, cord.]

Two
or more skeins of yarn or thread tied

together.

IIank'er,

[-ed; -ing.] [Allied

To desire vehemently.

v.

?'.

to hunger.]
n.
[Icel. happ.]

Hap,

That which
happens unexpectedly chance forv. i. To happen to betune lot.

[-ED
-ing.] To make 3
speech to a large assembly.
v.'m
To address by a harangue.
Har'ass, V. t.
[-ED -ing.]
[Fa
harasser, prob. fr. 0. Fr. harass/*, Q
very heavy shield.] 1. To fatigue to
excess.
2. To weary with care or

Hap'less,

Hazard.]

[See
n.
accident.

Without hap or luck

a.

unfortunate unlucky.
By hap or chance;
Hap'ey, adv.
perhaps.
I-Iap'pjen (h&p'pn), v. i. [-ED -ING.]
2. To take
1. To come by chance.
;

place

perplexity. 3. To annoy by repeated and unlooked-for attacks.

Har'BIN-GER, n. [Ger. herberger, one
who provides or gives lodging.] A

forerunner

a precursor.

Har'BOR,

n.
[A.-S. hereberga, a military station, from A.-S. here, army,
and beorgan, to shelter.] 1.
place
of security and comfort a lodging.
2. A port or haven.
[-ED
v. t.
-ING. ]
1. To entertain as a guest.
2. To protect, as a ship from storms.
To take shelter.
v. ?'.
Har'bor-mAs'ter, n. An officer who

executes the regulations respecting

harbors.
Hard, a. [-er -est.] [A.-S. heard.]
1. Not easily penetrated or yielding
;

to pressure.

stand.

3.

Difficult to underDifficult to accomplish.

2.

4. Difficult to bear; severe oppressive. 5. Difficult to please or touch.

;

6.

Rough sour, as liquors.

Syn. Compact; solid; arduous; un;

yielding.

adv.

With pressure; hence,

1.

diligently
earnestly. 2. With difficulty.
3. Uneasily
vexatiously. 4.
Vehemently vigorously.
5. Forcibly violently.
;

Hard'en

(hard'n), v.

[Eng. hard.]

1.

more hard.

to occur.

i.

fall.

Hap'-haz'ard,

v.

HANGING.] [A.-S. hangan, hangian.] 1. To suspend.

2. To put to
death by suspending.
3. To decorate with hanging pictures, trophies,
&c. 4. To droop.
v.i.
1. To be
suspended to dangle. 2. To depend.
3. To hover to impend.
n. Connection arrangement plan.
HXng'dog, n. A base man, fit only
to be the hangman of dogs.
Hang'er, n. A short, broad sword,
curved toward the point.

Extra hazard

manacle.

Hand'ful

2.

a.

Speech
oration
Speech is
generic; an oration is an elaborate and
prepared speech a harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy,

In

Manuscript.
[-er; -est, 142.]
1.
Skillful in using the hand dexterous.
2. Ready to the hand
convenient.
person.

Hand'y,

Hand,

or servant.

Syx.

a handsome manner.
Hand'spike, n. A bar, used with the
hand as a lever.
HAS\D'WRlT-lNG(-rit-ing),. 1. Form
of writing peculiar to each hand or

[Of Indian origin.]

HARDY

105

2.

t.

[-ED

-ING-]

To make hard or
To strengthen to
;

inure; also, to confirm, as in wickHap'pi-ly, adv. 1. By good fortune.

edness.
v.
1. To become hard,
2. In a happy manner or state.
3.
and'i-work (-wGrk), n. Work done
or more hard. 2. To become conWith address or dexterity.
AND'KER-CHi'EF (haijk'er-), n. 1. Hap'PI-ness, n. 1. The state of being
firmed,
[features.
A cloth to wipe the face, &c. 2. A
happy. 2. Good luck; good fortune. Hard'-fa/VORED, a. Having coarse
Hard'-fist'ed, a. 1. Having hard
neckcloth.
3. Unstudied grace.
or strong hands. 2. Covetous.
PAnd'le, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [From
Syn\ Felicity; blessedness; bliss.
Happiness is generic, and is applied to Hard'hack. n.
hand.] 1. To touch. 2. To manage
A very astringent
almost every kind of enjoyment except
or wield. 3. To deal with to pracplant.
[ing.
that of the animal appetites felicity is
tice.
4. To treat.
n.
Part of a
Hard'-heart'ed,
a. Cruel; unfeela more formal word, and is used more
vessel or instrument which is held
[Eng. hardy, and
sparingly in the same general sense, but Hard'I-hood, n.
with elevated associations
blessedness
in the hand when used.
Boldness, united
the term, hood.]
is applied to the most refined enjoyment
Kand'maid,
n. A female servant
with firmness and constancy of mind.

Quality of being
[by the hands.

handy.

i'.

HAnd'maid-en,
or attendant.
Hand'-or'gan, n. A portable organ
)

played by turning a crank.

Hand's aw,

n.

saw

used

be

to

arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections

bliss denotes still more exr.lted delight, and is
applied more appropriately to the joy
anticipated in heaven.

Hap'py,

with the hand.

HXnd'sel,

n. [A.-S. hand selen, hand

sylen, a giving into hands.]
A sale,
gift or delivery which is the first of a

hap.]

[-ER -est, 142.] [Eng.

Favored by hap or fortune

a.

1.

lucky
fortunate
successful.
2.
Enjoying good of any kind satisfied.
3. Prosperous
blessed. 4. Furnishing enjoyment.
5. Propitious
fa;

HXnd's6me

[-ER
(han'sum), a.
-EST.]
[From hand, and the term.
some.] 1. Having a pleasing appearance
2. Becoming
apcomely.
generous
propriate.
3. Liberal
ample.
;

OR, no,

wolf, TOO, TOOK

I*RN,

Ha.rd'1-ly, adv.

Boldly stoutly.
1. Quality of bein
n.
Boldness firmness.
adv. 1. In a hard manned

vorable.

Ha-rangue'

(-rang/), n.

[From

Ger. hring, arena, ring.]

to a large public assembly
tion.

RUE, PULL

A
;

0.

hardy.

2.

Hard'ly,
2.

Scarcely

barely.

Hard'ness,

n.
being hard, in
Hard'ship, n.

Severely.

3.

Quality or state of
any sense of the word.

That which

Hard'-tack,

n.

Hard'ware,

n.

Hard'y,
H.
Hard.]

speech
declama-

Hard'i-ness,

is

hard to

Sea-bread.

[bear.

Ware made of metal.

2.

[-er; est, 142.] [See

1. Bold
brave intrepid.
Impudent. 3. Firm compact.

4.

Inured to fatigue.

a.

5.

AbletobeaT

exposure.
;

j,

o, silent

g, G, soft; , S, hard;

As ;

E2 I3T N
;

as

NG

THIS.

HARE
Hare,

[A

n.

-S.

A small, swift,
timid animal, having a divided upper
ra.]

lip.

Hare 'BELL,

n. A plant having blue

bell-shaped flowers.
[heedless.

HAre'-brAin.ed, a.
Wild; giddy;
Hare'lip, n. A lip, having a fissure
a hare.
[Ar. haram, anything
forbidden or sacred.] 1. Apartments

like that of
HA'REM, n.

allotted to females in the East.

2.

Wives and concubines of one man.

(har'e-ko), n.

[Ft.]

1.

ragout of meat and vegetables. 2.

The kidney-bean.
[RIER.
IlAR'l-ER,n.
A harrier. See IlARIIark, v. i. [From hearken.] To listen.
[O65., except in the imperative.]

Har'le-quin

(-kin or-kwiu), n. [Prob.

from 0. Fr. hierlekin, hellequin, gobfrom 0. Ger. helle, hell.] A

buffoon a merry-andrcw a zany.
lin, elf,

Har'le-quin-ade'

(-kin- or -kwin-),

Exhibitions of harlequins.

IIar'LOT, n. [Old Fr. harlot, herlot,

arlot, from 0. II. Ger. .hari, for karl,

man, husband.]

prostitute

strumpet.

Har'lot-ry,

n.
Prostitution.
Injury ;
[A.-S.]

Harm,

frious.
Full of harm; inju-

Harm'ful, n.
Harm/less, a.
unhurt.

1.

harm

Free from

Free from power or disposition to harm.

[manner.
Harm'less-ly, adv. In a harmless
2.

IIar-mon'ig,

Concordant
musical
conHarmonious.

2.

a. 1.

Har-mon'I-al.
sonant.

bonate of ammonia.

Ha-rus'pice,
diviner

Har-m6n'i-A,

n.

Har'ness,

[W. harnais, fr. haiarn,

iroH.]
1. Iron covering or dress of
a soldier also the armor of a horse.
2. Equipments of a draught horse
tackling. 3. Part of a loom.
v.t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To dress in armor.
n.

small,

2.

To furnish

flat,

wind

for

defense.

Har'vest-home,

make ready for draught.

Harp, n.
[A.-S.

harvest time._

n. The moon near

the full at the time of harvest in
England, or about the autumnal
equinox, when it rises nearly at the

same hour for several days.

v.

?'.

[-ED; -TNG.]

1.

Har'mo-nize, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] 1.

To agree in action or effect. 2. To

n.

[Gr. ap/xovia,

fr.

ap-

to fit together ]
1. Just
adaptation of parts to each other. 2.
Concord or agreement.
3. A work
which brings together parallel pasixo^eiv,

sages,
4.

and shows

(Mus.)

their consistency.
regulated succession of

Harp.

Fore parts of the

encompassing the bow of a
n. pi.

I,

6, u, y, long; A, ,

i",

(espe-

n.

[Tcel. hastr.]

1.

Celerity

of voluntary motion.
2. State of
being urged or pressed by business.
Syn. Speed; quickness; nimble-

ship.

n.
[L. Lat.
harpo, allied to Cr. ap-r),
sickle.]
A spear used to

ess
swiftness; expedition dispatch:
precipitance
vehemence precipitation. Haste denotes quickness of
action and a strong desire for getting on
hurry includes a confusion and want of
collected thought not implied in haste:
speed denotes the actual progress which
is made; dispatch, the promptitude and
rapidity with which things are done. A
man may properly be in haste, but never
in a hurry. Speed usually secures dispatch.
ii

hurry

strike and kill large fish.

[-ED -ing.] To
strike with a harpoon.
v.

t.

Har-poon'er, n. One
who throws the harpoon.
Harp's* -chord, n.
A

Harpoon.

harp-shaped instrument of music.

IlAR'PY (148), n. [Lat. harpyia, Gr.

harass.

Har'ry,

[-ED

-ING, 142.]
[A.-S. herian, to ravage, plunder, fr.
here, army.]
1. To strip; to pillage.
2 To worry to harrow.
Harsh, a. [-ER -est.] [Ger. harsch.]
Rough to the touch, taste, or feeling.
austere
Syn.
Grating
crabbed
v.

t.

severe.

Harsh'ly, adv.
Harsh'ness, n.

In a harsh manner.
Quality or state of

being harsh.

Syn.

Hart,

See

Acrimony.

n. [A.-S. heort.]

of the red deer.

6, u, Y, short;

[A.-S.

n.

Haste,

Har-poon',

Harts'horn,

chords.
A, e,

second preparation.

be in peace and friendship.

v. t.
1. To cause to agree.
2. To accompany with harmony.

Inwards of a beast

used for food.

dspe or haps.] A clasp
that passes over a staple to be fastened by a padlock, v. t.
[-ED
-ing.] To fasten with a hasp.
Has'SOCK, n. [W. hesg, sedge, rushes,
hesor, a hassock.] A mat to kneel
on in church.

HASP,

tallic reeds.

Meat and vegetables

cially of a hog),

in which the tones

are produced by the vibration of me-

n.

-ing.] [See Hack,

small pieces; to

into
1.

2.

Has'LET,

IlARP'ER,
n.
A
player on the harp.

[-ed

t.

n.

mince.
minced.

To play on the
harp. 2. To dwell
tediously or monotonously.

wales

v.

To chop

v.]

played with th9

fingers.

2.

Har'vest-moon,

Hash,

hearpe, allied to
Gr. apTTTj, sickle.]
A stringed instrument of music

ment of music,

n.
1. The song
at the feast made at
Time of harvest.

sung by reapers

To

3.

harcrop.

fruits.

hdrefest,

1. Season of gathering a
That which is reaped. 3. Product
of any labor; gain.
v. t.
[-ED;
-ing.] To gather, as corn and other
2.

HASTE,
1Ias'TN
forward

Har'MO-NY,

[Lat. haruspez.]
[A.-S.

ff-st.]

my

instrument of music
used as a toy.
apnvia, fr. apneiv, to snatch.] 1. A
IlAR-MON'lS,7i. sing. & pi. 1. sing.
fabulous winged monster, ravenous
Doctrine or science of musical sounds.
and filthy.
2. An extortioner
a
2. pi. Secondary tones which acplunderer.
company any principal, and appar- Har'ri-er, n.
[From hare.]
1. A
ently simple, tone.
kind of hound for hunting hares. 2.
Har-mo'ni-ous, a.
1. Having the
[From harry.] A European buzzard.
parts proportioned to each other
H3R'ROW,n. [A.-S. herevje.] Anironsymmetrical. 2. Agreeing in action
toothed instrument to level and preor feeling. 3. Musically concordant
pare plowed land.
v.t.
[-ED
symphonious.
-ING.] [A.-S. hynvian, herew tan, to
Har-mo'ni-ous-ly, adv. In a harvex, afflict.] 1. To draw a harrow
monious manner.
over for breaking clods and leveling
IlAR-MO'NI-tJM n.
A keyed instruthe surface.
2.
To torment
to
:

n.

a soothsayer.

IlAR'VEST,n.

as they succeed each other in a single

verse or strain. "Harmonious accents
greet
car; " " Sing me some melodious measure."

Harp'ings,

n.
hurt
damage; misfortune.
v. t.
[-ED
-ing.] To hurt to injure to dam-

age,

of hartshorn, a solution of car

Spirit

n.

Syn. Melody. Harmony results

from the concord of two or more musical
6trains which differ in pitch and qualithe term may also be applied to
ty
sounds which are not musical. Melody
denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds,
;

Hare.

HAR'r-eOT

HATCH

106

Ka-

n.

Horn

To

v.i.

) V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
(has'n), )
To' drive or urge
to expedite
to hurry.
move with celerity to be

quick.

IIast'i-ly, adv.
ly.

3.

1.

In haste.

2.

Rash-

Passionately impatiently.
n.
Quality of being
haste rashness irritability.
;

Hast'i-ness,
hasty

Eager

Hast'y, a.
Haste.]

[-ER -EST, 142.] [See

Quick; speedy. 2.
rash.
3. Caused by, or in;

1.

dicating, passion.

Hast'y-pud'ding, n.
made of Indian meal
boiling water

mush.

pudding
into

stirred

[Amer.]

[A.-S. hat.
Cf. Hood.] A
covering for the head.
Hatch, v. t. [-ED; ing.] [Ger.
hecken.] 1. To produce from eggs.
v. i. 1. To
2. To contrive or plot.
produce young. 2. [Fr. hacher, to
ch&p, hack.] To cross with lines in a
peculiar manner in drawing and en1.
graving.
n.
brood. 2. Exclusion from the egg. 3. [Cf.HEDGE.J
The opening in a ship's deck the
frame of cross-bars laid over it; the
cover of an opening in a deck or

Hat,

n.

stag

male

[male deer.
of the hart, or

cAre, far, Ask, all,

what

floor,

ERE,

or into a

ve.il,

trm

cellar.

pique, firm; s6n,

HATCHEL

-LED, -LING, 137.]

To draw
through the teeth of a hatchel.

or

[Fr. hachette, dim. of

n.

See HASH.]
a short handle.
hache.

small ax with

Hauteur
ness

Have

(o-tur'), n. [Fr.]

[-ed;

i.

-ING.]

[A.-S.

To have a great aversion

to dislike.

Syx. To abhor;

detest; loathe.
Hate is generic; to loathe is to regard
with deep disgust; to abhor U to contemplate with horror; to detest is to reject utterly.

n.

Extreme

dislike or aversion;

hatred.

tlATE'FUL,

Manifesting hate.
Exciting or deserving great dis-

2.

a.

1.

like.

Syx. Odious; detestable; execrable;

abhorrent; repugnant.

Ha'tbed,

n.

Very great

dislike

or

aversion.

Hat'ter,

One who makes or

sells

Hav'er-sack,

to

[A.-S. habto hold

1. To own
2. To regard or esteem.
hence, to beget or
To obtain
bear. 4. To cause to be to effect.
6. To
5. To cause or force to go.
7. To be
take or hold one's self.
under necessity.

HATE, f

hatian.]

[had.]

t.

to possess.
3.

n.

harbor; a
asylum.

1.
[A.-S. ha/en'.]
shelter;
port. 2.

an

n.
[Ger.
habersack, sack for oats,
haber, hafer, Prov. Eng.
haver, oats.] A bag or
case, in which a soldier

general destruc- Haversack.

devastation
v t.
To deto lay waste.
Haw, n. [A.-S. haga.] 1. A hedge.
2. Berry and seed of the hawthorn.
3. An hesitation of speech.
v. i. 1.
[Cf. ha, interj-.]
To speak with hesitation. 2. [-ed; -ing.] [Perh. con.

nected with here, hither.] To turn

toward the driver
said of cattle.
HAUGH'TI-LY (haw'ti-ly), adv. In a IIaw'-haw, n. [Duplication
of haw,
manner.
naughty
a hedge.]
A
fence or bank sunk
Haugh'ti-ness (haw'-), n. Quality
between slopes, so that it is not perof being haughty.
ceived till approached.
Syx. Arrogance disdain. Haugh- Hawk,. 1. [A.-S.
hafoc, Icel. haukr.]
tiness denotes the expression of conscious
A
bird resembling the falcons. 2. An
arrogance
is a
and proud superiority
effort to force up phlegm from the
disposition to claim for one's self more
than is justly due, and enforce it to the
throat, accompanied with noise.
utmost; disdain is the exact reverse of
v.i. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To catch birds
condescension toward inferiors, since it
means of trained hawks. 2. To
by
expresses and desires others to feel how
strike or pounce likea hawk. 3. [W.
far below ourselves, we consider them.
A person is haughty in disposition and
hodii.] To make an audible effort to
demeanor; arrogant in his claims of
force up phlegm.
1. To raise
v. t.
homage and deference; disdainful even
by hawking, as phlegm. 2. [Ger.
in accepting the deferences which his
hats.

him arrogantly

haughtiness leads

to ex-

act.

(Iaugh'ty (haWtv),a.
[0.

142.]

[-ER -est,
Eng. haught, haulte, from
;

Lat. altus. high.] 1. Lofty. 2.

Proud

and contemptuous.
Syx.
ful

Haul,
To
To

v.

t.

[-ed

-ing.] [Icel. hala.]

pull with force; to drag.

with changed course.

n.v.i.

sail

A pulling with force.

is

2.

1.

That which

taken at once, as by hauling a net.

HAULM (hawm), n.

[A.-S.

halm, allied

to Gr. (caAa/u.0?, reed.] Stem or stalk

of grain.
HAUNCH (hanch), n. [Fr. handle.]
The hip part of the body between
the last ribs and the thigh.
OlAUNT, v. t. [-E D -ING.] [Fr. hanter,
*
fr. A.-S. hentan, to pursue.]
1. To
frequent
also, to visit pertinaciously.
2. To visit as a ghost.
v.i.
To persist in visiting.
A place
n.
to which one frequently resorts.
HAUT'BOY (ho'bov), n. [Fr. hautbois,
;

e., high wood, on account of its

high tone.] A wind instrument of
music, similar to the clarionet.

i.

or, do, wolf, too,

peddler.

n.
2.

One who hawks

1.

falconer.

[cable.

Haws'er,

Disdainful; arrogant; scornimperious.

ho ken, to higgle, to retail, fr. hocken,

hucken, to take upon the back.] To
sell by outcry.

Hawk'ek,

ii-uit

for hedges.
n. [A.-S. hcg,

HAY,

fr. hedvan, to cut.]

Grass cut and dried for fodder.
v.
To dry grass for preservation.
Hay-cock, n. A conical pile of hay,
in the field.
HXz'ARD, n. [Ax. sehdr, sar, a die,
with the article al.] 1. Chance; aci_.

cident

casualty.

2.

Danger

peril

risk.

Syx. See Danger.

v.t.

[-ED; -ing.] 1. To expose

2. To venture to incur.

to chance.

Syx.
peril;

To adventure

risk

jeopard

Syx.

a.

Perilous

Exposed
;

to hazard.

dangerous

advent-

urous; precarious; risky uncertain.

Haze, n. [Armor, aez, warm vapor,
zephyr.]
slight lack of transparency in the air.
;

s,

i,

hazel-nut.

Ha'zi-ness, n. State of being hazy.

Ua'ZY, a. Thick with haze.
He, pron. [A.-S.] 1. The man or
male person named before. 2. Any
man any male person.
;

HEAD,

[A.-S. hedfud, heqfd.]

n.

o, silent

L,

Foremost or uppermost part of the

body. 2. Uppermost, foremost, largest, or most important part of an inanimate object. 3. The leader. 4.

The brain understanding. 5. Source,

fountain, spring, or beginning, as of
a stream or river. 6. A separate
topic.
force
height.
7. Strength
v. t. [-ED: -ing.] 1. To lead; to
direct.
2. To furnish with a head.
3. To get in front of, so as to stop.
2. To go or
v. i. 1. To originate.
tend. 3. To form a head.
Head'ACHE (-ak), n. Pain in the head.
;

Head'-dress

Ornamental

(1U9), n.

covering worn on the head.

n.
Covering or ornament of the head.
Head'ing, n. 1. That which stands
at the head title. 2. Material for
the heads of casks.

Head'-gear,

Head'land,
IIead'less,

n.

promontory.

Having no head.
1. With the head

a.

Head'long,

adv.

foremost. 2. Rashly precipitately.

Hastily.
a.
1. Rash; precipitate.
2. Steep
precipitous.
Head'-man (150), n. A chief leader.
Head'QUAR'TER, n. pi. or sing.
Place of residence of any chief officer.
HAD'STALL,n. Part of a bridle encompassing the head.
Head'-stone, n. 1. Principal stone
corner-stone. 2.
in a foundation
Stone at the head of a grave.

3.

Head'strong,
strained.

nacy.
Syx.

a.

1.

Not

Violent; obstinate;
able; untractable; stubborn.

Head'way,

easily re-

Proceeding from obsti-

2.

ungovern-

Progress made by a
ship in motion hence, progress or
success of any kind.
Head'-wTnd, n. A wind that blows
in a direction opposite to the ship's
n.

course.
1. Will[See Head]
hasty. 2. Apt to affect
intoxicating.
Heal, v. t. [-ed ; -ing.] [A.-S. hdian,
to
1. To cure
fr. hdl, hale, sound.]
restore to health or soundness. 2.
To reconcile.
v. i. To grow sound.
Heal'er n. One who heals.
Health, 11. [See Hale.] 1. Stated
being sound or whole in body, mind,
wish of health and
or soul. 2.

Head'y,
ful

a.

rash

the head

happiness.

Health'ful,

endanger.

HXz'ARD-ofrs,

TQOK URN, RUE, pull

j

n. [SeeHALSER.] Asmall
n.
shrub having a
called haiv.
It is much used

Hawthorn,

hdsl, hdsel.\
;

carries his rations.

[A.-S. hafoc,
hawk, being a cruel and
rapacious bird.] Wide

and

(ha7zl), n. [A.-S

shrub bearing a nut the filbert.

Of a light brown color, like the

a.

H.vv'OC, n.

tion
stroy

HA'ZEL

(hSv), v.
ban, hdbban.]

Ha'VN,

n.

Haughti-

pride.

[Corrupted from
A frame bearing the
achievement.]
escutcheon of a dead person.
IIatch'way, n. An opening in a
deck or floor.

IIatcii'ment,

HEALTHILY

197

IlATCll'EL, n. [Ger. hechcl.] An instrument with long teeth for cleansV. t. [-ED,-ING
ing flax or hemp.

Hatch'et,

2.

a.

1.

Well; healthy.

Serving to promote health wholeIndicating

salubrious.
3.

some

health.

Health'ful-ness,
Health'i-LY, adv.

c,G,so/*; e,G,hard; As; e^ist;

[healthful.
n. State of being

In a healthy

Has NG; this

;;

;;

im

HEALTHINESS
HEalth'i-ness,

State of being

n.

healthy.

HEalth'y,

[-er; -EST, 142.] 1.

Being in a state of health. 2. Conducive to health.
Syn. Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome.

Heap,

a.

[A.-S. heap.]

n.

v.t.

pile or

[-ED; -ING.]
1. To
throw or lay in a heap to pile. 2.
To accumulate.

mass.

Hear,

v. t.
ing.] [A.-S.

[heard (herd); hearMran, hymn.

EAR.]

Cf.

v. i. 1. To
perceive by the ear.
have the sense of perceiving sound.

To

2.

To

listen.

To be

3.

told,

warm or hot.
Heat'er, n. One who,

HEATH,

2. Audience.
perceived.
is
judicial listening to facts and
evidence. 4. Extent within which

sound may be heard.

world where heathenism prevails.

hercnian.

See

to giveheed.
n.

IIear'say,

Hear.]

To

KapSCa, Skr. hrid .] 1. Organ that

serves to keep upthe circulation of
the blood. 2. Seat of the affections
or sensibilities, or of moral life and
character. 3. The chief or vital por4.

Courage

spirit.

which resembles a heart

That

5.

in shape.

(hsirt'ak), n.
a.

Heart'-BURN,

A burning

Deeply grieved.

tion in the stomach.

(harth, 5), n

sensa-

[A.-S. heord/i.]

1. Floor of a fire-place. 2. A house,

as the abode of comfort and hospi-

tality.

the hearth

Stone forming

n.

fire-side.

From the heart

zealously; freely; largely.
[ness.
Heart'I-ness,. Sincerity; earnestHeart'less, a. 1. Without a heart.

IIeart'i-ly, adv.

Unsympathetic

or

hove;

[A.-S. hebban, he fan.]

raise to elevate. 2. To
throw to cast. 3. To force from or
into any position.
4. To raise or
force from the breast.
v. i.
1. To
be raised. 2. To rise and fall with
alternate motions to swell to expand to pant. 3. To try to vomit.
n. 1. An upward motion: swell
or distension. 2. An effort to raise
up something. 3. pi.
disease of
;

by

58), n.

difficult

[A.-S. heof-

on, heben, prob. fr. Iicfan, hebban, to

heave.] 1. The sky the atmosphere
often in the pi.
2. The dwellingplace of God and of the blessed. 3.

Supreme happiness

bliss.

Heav'-EN-ly (heVn-ly),

age, spirit, or affection.

Heart'less-ness,

State of be-

n.

ing heartless.

[hea^t.

HEART'-REND-ING,a. Breaking the

Heart's'-ease, n. 1. Peace ofmind.
species of violet;

called

also

pnnsy.

Heart'-sick,
pressed

Sick at heart

a.

de-

low-spirited.

Heave,

See

n. 4.

with

[being heavy.
State or quality of

difficulty.

HEAV'I-NESS,

n.

The

2.

bility.

HECTOR,

n.
[From Hector, a brave
Trojan warrior.] A bully a blusterhence, one who teases.
v.t.
[-ED; -ing.] To bully; to
;

ing fellow

to tease
to vex.
[A.-S. hege, hegge,haga.]

Hedge, n.
A thicket

of bushes; esp., such a

thicket planted as a fence.

V. t.
[-ED; -ing.] 1. To inclose with a
hedge. 2. To protect; to hem in.
v.i. 1. To skulk.
2. To bet on

both

sides.

IlEDGE'HOG,

n.

A small animal
having the hair
on the upper
part of its

body

mixed

with

prickles
spines.

or

IlEDGE'-ROVV,

Hedgehog.

n.

row of shrubs,

or trees, planted as a hedge.

[-ed; -ing.]
[A.-S.
HEED,t-.'.
hedan.]
To mind; to take notice
n. Attention; noof; to observe.

tice

observation

Heed'ful,
spect

Cautious;

a.

circum-

attentive.

HEED'FUL-LY, adv.
HEED'FUL-NESS, n.

Heed'less-ness,
n. pi.

HEAV'I-LY, adv. With great weight

blessed.

Heaves,

Jew.

Israelite;

Heed'LESS,

Attentively.
State of being

heedful.

[less.

a.
Without heed careHeed'LESS-LY', adv. Carelessly.
;

Inattention

n.

carelessness.
[A.-S. Ml.] 1. Hinder part
of the foot, or of a covering for it.
3.
2. Latter or remaining part.

HEEL,n.

Something resembling a human heel.

-EST, 142.] [A.-S.
1. To use
[-ED -ing.]
hajig.
v. t.
See
Heave.] 1.
Weighty; ponderous; bulky; diffithe heels in. 2. To add a heel to.
To lean, as a ship.
cult to move.
2. Burdensome
v. i.
opTo add a piece of
pressive. 3. Incumbered; burdened. Heel'-tap, v. t.
a.

[-ER

hefig,

4.

Slow

sluggish

lifeless

dull

forcible.
5. Violent;
6.
solid. 7. Bark with clouds.
a. [Gr. e/S6o/ias,
IlEB-DOM'A-DAL,

stupid.

Clammy

Heb-DoM'a-BA-ry,
days.]

n.
A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace the heart.
Heart'y, a. [-er -est, 142.] 1.
Proceeding from the heart. 2. Exhibiting strength sound firm. 3.
Promoting strength nourishing

Heart'-string,

An

language of the Jews.

a. Pertaining to the Hebrews.
HM'A-tomb (-toom), n. [Gr. kna
to/u/3tj, fr. enarov, hundred, and /Sows,
ox.]
A sacrifice of a hundred pxen
or beasts hence, any large numbei
of victims.
IIE'TI, a. [Gr. ktik6<>, habitual,
consumptive.]
1. Habitual;
constant.
2. Afl'ectedwith hectic fever.
n.
The fever of irritation and de-

a.
1. Pertaining to, or rerembling, heaven
Perfect
celestial.
2.
supremely

HEAVY,

cruel.

HEART'LEss-LY,a^'. Without cour-

[heaved,

t.

Hearth'-stone,

2.

v.

IIEAv'jen (heVn,

n.

Hearth

2.

Abounding with heath.

a.

horses characterized
breathing.

Sorrow;

anguish ofmind.
Heart'-brok'-EN,

Heath.]

Heart,

tion.

n. [See

pagan-

[Scot.]

Heart'-aghe

HEAth'er (heth'er),

1.

bluster

[ism.

HEAVING.]
1. To lift to

(14), n. [0. H. Ger. hirz.]

carriage lor conveying the dead.
[A.-S. heorte, allied to Gr.
n.

savage

Idolatry

Heave,

listen

Rude

2.

cruel.

Heath'Y,

Report; rumor.

Hearse

2.

collectively.
a.
1. Pertaining to

He A'TttEN-ljiM, n.
Heath.

[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.

j.

Heathen nations

[ditor.

sound

u.

2.

place overgrown with heath.

(he'thn, 58), n.
[From
heath, i. e., one who lives in the
country or on the heaths.] A pagan;
an idolater an irreligious person.
a. Gentile; pagan.
Hea'THN-dom, ii. 1. Part of the

Hea'th^n

Heark'en,

[heats.

or that which,
A plant,

[A.-S. hadh.] 1.
beautiful flowers.

n.

bearing

HIGHT
ardor.

v. t.
mence. 5. Animation
[-ed; -ING.] To make hot; to comv. i.
municate heat to.
To grow

Hear'er, n. One who hears an au- Hea'THN-ish,

which
the heathen.
1. Sense by
Hear'ing, n.
3.

Weekly

seven; reven
occurring every
I

seven days.

IlEB'E-TATE,
dull

V.

t.

[-EDJ-ING.] To

to blunt.

HEB/e-ta'tion,

n.

blunt_or dull.

Act of making
[Hebrews.

leather to the heel of, as of a shoe.

HEFT,. [From Eng. heave.] Weight.

[-ed;-ing] 1. To lift.
v.t.

2. To try the weight of by raising.

He-gI'RA, or Heg'I-ra, n.
[Ar.
hidjrah, departure.] The flight of
Mohammed from Mecca, July 16, A.
from which date tine is
D. 622;
reckoned by the Mohammedans
hence, any flight.
[A.-S. heahforc.]
A
HEIF'ER, n.
young cow.

He-BRA'I, a.
Pertaining to the
Heigh'-ho fhl'hS), interj.
An exHe'BRA-ism. n. A Hebrew idiom.
clamation of surprise or weariness.
^Eat, n. [A.-S. hate.] ]. Caloric He'bra-Ist (44), n. One versed in
agent, or principle on which depends
Height (hit), n. [A.-S. hedhd/to,
the Hebrew language.
;

Syn.

Sincere; cordial.

the state of bodies as solid, fluid, or

aeriform. 2. Sensation caused by
caloric,

when

effort, as in

i, E,

I,

in excess.

a race.

4.

3.

He'bra-ist'ic, a. Pertaining
resembling, Hebrew.

A single He'brew (-brp), n.

Rage; vehe-

o,C, Y,long; A,EjI, 6,

to, or

[Heb. ibr!u,\.e.,
coming from beyond the Euphrates.]

Xi^t, short;

HIGHT
high.]

hectdho,

1.

from hedh,

Elevated

position.

lied,

2-

Measure of the distance to which any

thing rises; altitude.

3.

An

emi-

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, tRM; PIQUE FIRM SON.
,

HEIGHTEN
nence.

199

Elevation of any kind.

4.

5.

HEL-MIN'THIG,

Utmost degree.

Height'jen
HlGHT'.EN

fAivflos,

(huVn), v. t.
[-ed
-ING.]
To raise
1.
J
to intensihigher. 2. To increase
3. To set off to advantage.
fy.
HEI'NOUS (hd'nus), a. [Fr. halneux,
fr.haine, hatred.] Hateful; hence,
great enormous.
I

pelling,

HEIR

One who

[Lat. hazres.]

(ar), n.
inherits any property.
Heir apparent, one whose right to an
estate is indefeasible if he survives the
Heir presumpperson in possession.
tive, one who, if the person in possession
of an estate should die immediately,

would ba his

heir.

female heir.
(ar'es), n.
[Eng. heir,
(ar'lcToni), n.
A.-S. loma. household stuff.]

worms a vermifuge.
The man at
(150), n.
the helm.
He'lot, or Hel'ot, n. A slave in
ancient Sparta hence, a slave.
Help, t, J. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S. helpan.] 1. To aid; to assist. 2. To
furnish with relief. 3. To remedy.
To lend aid.
4. To prevent.
v. i.
expelling

n.
edy

Aid; assistance.

1.

feeble

weak.

ant

IlEL'I-CAL, a. Having a spiral form

1 a.
[Gr. tjAiHe'li-o-cen'trig,
He'li-o-oen'trig-al J os, sun, and
;

Appearing to be

xeVrpov,' center.]

in.

Meet

and confusion.

Helve,

is

corrupted

An assist-

for mate.]
a wife.

a helper

State of being

n.

Hel'ter-skel'ter.

&

[spiral.

[helpless.

Help'less-ness,

Heir/ship

sun.

From

adv.

this

time forward.
[For haunch man, from following the haunch of
his master.]
A page a servant.
Hen'ner-y, n. An inclosed place for
hens.
[one's wife.
n.

(150),

HEN'-PECKD (-pekt), a. Governed by

HE-PAT'I,
HE-PAT'IG-AL,

[Gr. Tj7mTi/c6s,

a.

fprap,

Pertaining to the

HEP'TA-GON,

fr.

liver.]

[Gr. en-Tayajvos,
yiavia, angle.]

n.

and

seven,

eirra,

the

liver.
fr.

plane figure consisting of seven sides

State, char(ar'ship), n.
acter, or privileges of an heir.
imp.
p. p. of Hold.
)a. [Gr. ^Aiaxos. from
HE'LI-Xe,
Rising
rjAios, sun.]
HE-LI'A-AL, J
or setting at the same time as the

Rem-

[sistant.

Any piece of personal property, which Help'mate

Help'meet,
descends to the heir.

Held,

2.

relief.

Hence-for'ward,

Hench'man

Help'er, n. One who helps an asand as many angles.

Help'ful, a. Furnishing help.
Hep-tag'o-nal, a.
Help'less, a. Destitute of help
angles and sides.

Heir/loom
and

[Gr. eAfuv, eX-

a.

worm.] Relating to, or exworms.

n. A medicine for

HElms'man

Heir/ess

HEKD

HEP'TARGH-Y,

In hurry

Handle
;

[angles.

n.

and
by seven persons.

heri,
1.

&

pro/i.

She.

2.

HER'ALD,

of an ax or hatchet.
v, t.
[-ED
-ING.] To furnish with a helve.
HEM, n. [A.-S.] 1 Border of a garment, doubled and sewed. 2. A particular sound of the voice, expressed
by hem or hm. u. t. [-MED -MING,
1. To fold and sew down the
136.]
edge of.
2. To border; to edge.
v. i.
To hesitate in speaking.
Hem'a-tite, n. [Gr. atp-aTt-nj?, bloodlike.] An important ore of iron.

Having seven
Having seven

a.

[Gr.
apxv, sovereignty.]

Her,

a/r.

Colloq.]
. [A.-S. hielfa, helf.]
[

IlEP-TAN'GU-LAR,

Objective case of

[Ger. herold, from hari,

and ivaltan, to manage.]

who proclaimed war

officer

peace.

1.

seven,

Government

Belonging to a female.
n.

army,

An

a.

eirra.,

2.

One who

or
regulates public

ceremonies also, one who records

and blazons coats of arms. 3. A forev. t.
[-ED
runner a precursor.
-ING.] To introduce, as by a herald
;

to proclaim.

He-ral'dig, a. Pertaining to herseen from the sun*s center.

alds or heraldry.
IlE'LI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. rjAto?, the
Her'ALD-ry, n. Art, practice, or scisun, and ypd^ecv, to write.] The art
ence of recording genealogies, and
of taking pictures on any prepared
[Gr. i]p.nr\r)yia.]
blazoning arms.
material by means of the sun and a HEM'I-PLE'GY,
A palsy that affects one side only of Herb (5rb,14), n. [Lat. herba.] A
camera obscura photography.
the body.
annual plant having a soft or succuHe'ei-ol'a-try, . [Gr. tjAios, sun,
lent stalk.
and Aarpeia, worship.] Worship of IlEM'l-SPHERE, n. [Gr. 7jfj.L<r4>a.Lpiov,
from rjixL, half, and afyolpo., sphere.] Her-ba'ceous, a.
Pertaining to
the sun.
One half of a sphere or globe.
herbs
having the nature of ar>
HE'LI-O-TROPE, n. [Gr. ^AiorpoTriov
Pertaining
a.
herb.
A IlEM'I-SPHER're,
jjAtos, sun, and rpetreiv, to turn.]
Hem'I-SPHER'IG-AL,
to a hemi- HERB'AGE (erVej or herb'ej, 45), n
plant with very fragrant flowers.
sphere.
Herbs collectively grass pasture.
He'li-o-type, n. [Gr. rjAio?, the
sun, and ti5wos, an impression.] A HEM'I-STlGH (stik), n. [Gr. tj/ouo-ti- IlERB'AL (herb'al), n. 1. A book o>>
line,
fr.
-17/xt,
half,
and
plants.
2. A collection of dried
picture printed from a gelatine
o-ti'xs,
X<-ov,
Half a poetic verse, or a
verse.]
plants; an herbarium.
a.
Perplate produced by means of a phofir.

verse not completed.

tographic negative.

HE'LIX,

n.

pi.

hl'I-CES.

L A

twisted, spiral.]

e'A.i,

[Gr.
spiral

hne, as of wire in a coil. 2. A little

volute in the Corinthian capital.

Hell,

[A.-S. lull,

n.

conceal

A
2.

3.

gambling-house.
"[Gr.

n.

Hem'or-rhoid'al,

Hel-len'I,

7i.
A Jew who spoke
one skilled in Greek.
IlELL'-HOUND, n. An agent of hell.
IIEll'isu, a. Infernal wicked.
ilELL'lSH-NESS, 7i. Extreme wickedness or malignity
JIelm,. [A.-S. Iiehna.] Instrument

Hel'len-ist,
Greek

by which a ship is steered.

To cover with a helmet.

Helm,
Helm'et,

In.
)

1.

t.

[A.-S. helm, fr. helan,

to hide.] 1. Defensive

for the head. 2. That which

resembles in some way a helmet.

armor

a.

Pertaining to

the hemorrhoids.

HEM'OR-RHOIDS,

or Hel-LE'nig, a. Pertaining to Greece Greek Grecian.

IIEl'len-ism, 7i. A Greek idiom.

1.

plant.

n. [Gr. alp.oppa.yCo.,
alp-a. blood, and pyiyvvvai, to
burit.] A discharge of blood from
the blood-vessels.

eAAe'jSopos.]

plant used in medicine.

taining to herbs.

hemledc]

from

The grave. 2. Place or

punishment for the wicked

HEL'LE-BORE,

[A.-S.

n.

poisonous, umbelliferous
An evergreen tree.

HEM'OR-RHAGE.

from helan, to

1.

state of
after death.

HEM'LOCK,

potSes-]

The

HEMP,n.

1l.pl.

[Gr.at/Aop-

piles.

Hrb'al-Ist

1.
[L. Lat.]
plants.
2.
plants.

1.

Her-BES'CENT,

collection of dried
for preserving

book
a.

[Lat. herbescens.]

Growing into herbs.

HER-BiF'ER-OUS, a.
fr.

[A.-S. henep, hdnep.]

A per-

(herb'al-ist), n.

son skilled in plants.

Her-BA'RI-UM, n. ; Eng. pi. TIER-BA'RI-UMS

Lat. pi. HER-BA'RI-A.

[Lat. herbifer,
herba, a.ndferre, to bear.]
Bear-

ing herbs.

plant whose fibrous bark is used for Her-bI'v'o-rous, a.

[Lat. herba,
cloth and cordage. 2. The bark of
herb, and vorare, to devour.] Eating
the plant, prepared for spinning.
herbs subsisting on herbs.
HEMP'N, a. Made of hemp.
Herb'o-rize (herb'-), v. i. [-ed;
Hen, n. [A.-S. lienn, he7i, fr. hana.]
To search for plants.
-ING.J
Female of any fowl; especially, the HER-GU'LE-AN (124). a. [From Herdomestic fowl.
cules, a Grecian hero celebrated for
HEn'bane, n. A plant poisonous to
his strength.] 1. Very great, difficult,
domestic fowls.
or dangerous.
2. Of extraordinary
HExCE,a/f.
strength and size.
[0. Eng. hennes, A.-S.
hina7i, hence, thither.]
From this Herd (14), n. [A.-S. heord.] 1. A
place, time, cause, or source.
a
collection of beasts.
2. A crowd
;

Hence-forth', or Hence'forth,
adv. From this time forward.

6r, do, wolf, too, took; fjRN, rue,

pull

E,

I,

o, silent;

[-ed;-ing.]

1.

unite in a herd, as beasts.

2.

rabble.

v.

i.

$,G,soJi; v,G,hard; A; exist;

as

ng

To
To

THIS-

HERDMAN
unite in a company.
or put into a herd.

IlERD'MAN

Herds'man

(150),

v.

The owner

n.

or keeper of herds.
re.
One of several
species of grass for hay.

Herd^'-GrAss,

Here,

[A.-S. her, fr. Goth, his,

this.]
In this place or state.
About this
adv.
HZre'a-bout',
place; in this
Hlre'a-bouts', j
'
[come.
vicinity.
In time to
Here-aft'er, adv.

adv.

Here-at', adv.

HID

200
To form

At, or by reason

of,

this.

fly, nearly black, very destructive to

Pertaining to an occult species of
Perfectly close, so
3.
philosophy.
young wheat.
Het'er-o-l'ite. n. A noun irreguthat no fluid can escape.
lar or anomalous in declension.
Her-MET'I-al-ly, at/ii. In an herHET'ER-O-ClIt'IG,
metical manner.
a.
[Gr. ere)

HER'MIT,

.
solitary.]
in solitude

[Gr. epT)]U.iT7)5, fr. eprj/oio?,

recluse
one who lives
from religious motives.

HET'ER-O-CLlT'ie-AL,

Her'mit-age,

Habitation of a

n.

HET'ER-O-DOX,

hermit.

Hern,

fr.

as Heron.
[Lat. prob. from Gr.
shoot.]
An external

The same

n.

Hr'ni-A, n.
epros, a young
tumor formed by a rupture.
,

po/cAixo?,

otherwise ((". e., irregularly declined.]

Irregular; anomalous; abnormal.

a.
[Gr. erepoSo^o?,
eVepos, other, and 6"6a, opinion.]

Contrary to some acknowledged

standard, as the Bible not orthodox.
IIET'ER-O-DOX'Y, n. Heresy; doctrine contrary to the true faith.
:

Pertaining to hernia. Het'er-o-GE'NE-ous, a. [Gr. erepoIlER'NI-AL, a.

HiiRE-BY', adv. Ity means of this.
yevijs, from erepos, other, and yeVos.
1IE-RED'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. Lat. hered- He'ro(89, 147), n. [Gr. >jpws.] 1. A
race, kind.]
Differing in kind disitabilis, from hereditare, to inherit.]
man of distinguished valor. 2. Prinsimilar.
cipal personage in a poem, story, &c.
Capable of being inherited.
Pertaining "to, or Hew (hu),r. t. [imp. HEWED; p. p.
1.
IIer'e-dIt'a-ment, n. Any species IlE-RO'IC, a.
hewed, or hewn.] [A.-S. hedican .]
2. Becoming a hero.
like, a hero.
of property that may be inherited.
1. To cut with an ax.
2. To shape
IIe-red'i-TA-RI-ly, adv. By inherSyn. Brave intrepid courageous
daring gallant; noble; magnanimous.
with a sharp instrument. 3. To chop
itance.
to
hack.
a.
Descended
d'i-ta-ry
He-re
(44),
He-r6'I-AL-LY, adv. Courageously
Hex'a-gon, n. [Gr. eor descending by inheritance.
bravely.
a-ywi/os,
six-cornered
IIC re -In', adv. In this.
Consisting
) a.
IlE'RO-I-OM'I,
IlERE-OF' (heer-off/ or heer-oV, 71), He/RO-i-gom'ig-al, J
ef, mx, and ytovi'a, anof the heroic
gle.]
A
this.
plane
figure of
this:
concerning
adr. Of
and the ludicrous.
six sides and six angles.
IlERE-ON', adv. On this.
IIER'O-INE, n. A female hero.
IlER'E-SI-ARH, Or HE-RE'I-XRH, Her'o-ism, re. Qualities or character Hex-ag'o-nal, a. Having six sides and six Hexagon,
re.
[Gr. aipe<riapx?s, from atpecris,
of a hero.
;

A leader

heresy, and apxs> leader.]

in heresy.

HER'E-SY,

re.

[Gr. eupeo-i?, a taking,

A lack of orthodox or
a choosing.]
sound belief; heterodoxy.
Hr'e-ti (123), re. One who believes
some doctrine contrary to the Christian religion.
Syn. Schismatic

sectarian.
heretic is one whoso errors are doctrinal, and
usually of a malignant character, tendschismating to subvert the true faith.
ic is one who creates a schism, or division
in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, &c, usually for the sake
;

of personal aggrandizement.

A sectarian

one who originates or promotes a sect,

or distinct organization, which separates
from the main body of believers.
is

IlE-RET'I-AL, a. Containing heresy.

IlERE-TO', adv. To this.

Courage fortitude; bravery

Syn.
valor; intrepidity; gallantry. -Courage
is generic, denoting fearlessness of danger ; fortitude is passive courage, the
;

angles.

Hex'A-he'dron,

re.

[Gr. e, six, and

regular solid

eSpa, seat, base.]

body of six equal faces a cube.

habit of bearing up nobly under trials,
IlEX-AM'E-TER, n. [Gr. e^a/xerpos,
dangers, and sufferings
bravery and
fr. e$ six, and fxerpov, measure.]
A
valor arc courage in battle or other con;

flicts with living opponents : intrepidity

is firm courage, which shrinks not amid

gallantry
the most appalling dangers
is adventurous courage, dashing into the
thickest of the fight. Heroism may call
into exercise all these modifications of
courage.

verse of six feet, either dactyls or

spondees.
a.
Having, six metrical
feet, especially dactyls and spondees.

Hex-.Xn'gu-LAR,

Having

a.

gles or corners.
(ha), interj.

Hey

An

six an-

exclamation of

HfiR'ON, n. [0. H. Ger. heigh, heigro.]

joy or exhortation.
A wading bird with long legs and H^Y'DAY, interj. [Ger. heida, or
neck.

Her'on-ry,
IlER'PES,

re.

n.

[Gr.

da.] An expression of frolic

ultation.

[ons breed.
place where her-

ep7rr/?,

from epveiv,

creep.]
An itching eruption of
the skin in small distinct clusters.

Hi-a'tus

(147),

gape.]

A gap;

to

Hi-bEr'NAL,

and

hei

ex-

[Lat., fr. hiare, to

re.

a chasm.
[Lat. hibernus.] Re-

a.

HER'PE-TOL'O-GY, re. [Gr. epirerov,

IlERE/TO-FORE', adv. Formerly.
Jating tojwinter wintry.
reptile, and Aoyos, discourse.] Natu- Hl'BER-NATE,t'.1.
Here'un-to', adv. Unto this or this
[-ED -ING.] To
ral history of reptiles.
pass the winter in seclusion, as some
time hereto.
;

On this; hereon. HER'RING, n. [A.-S. having, hering.]

beasts. _
[nating.
A small fish.
[Her. IH/ber-na'tion, it. Act of hiberHere-wIth', or Here-with', adv.
Hers, pron. Belonging to her. See Hl-BER'NI-AN. a. Pertaining to HiWith this.
Same as Hearse.
Her'it-A-ble, a. Capable of being Herse (14), re.
bernia, now Ireland. n. A native
See Hearse.
[form of She.
inherited: inheritable.
of Ireland.
An emphasized Hi-ber'ni-cism, n A mode of speech
That which is in- Her-sElf', pron.
Her'it-aGe, n.
IIere'UP-on', adv.

Hes/I-tan-cy, re. 1. Act of hesitatpeculiar to the Irish.

ing doubt. 2. Indecision.
[From a
Hig'cough (hik'kup), n. [0. Eng.
hicket, W. ig, igiad.}
fabulous Hermaphroditus who. when Hes'i-tate, i'. i. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
A spasmodic
hxsitare, -tatvm, intens. form of hasalso, the
bathing, grew together with Salmaand audible inspiration
rere, to hold fast.]
An
1. To be in sussound itself. v. i.
[-ED -ING.]
cis, a nymph', into one person.]
pense or uncertainty. 2. To stop in
animal or plant having the characTo have a hiccough.
speaking.
IlicK/o-RY, . An American tree.
teristics of both sexes.
HER'ME-NEU'TIC, a. [Gr. epiurji/evrt.of Hide. 1. Concealed.
Syn. To doubt; waver; scruple; de- Hid,
] p.p.
liberate
falter.
Mercury.]
Per1-Iid'd.en,
2. p. a.
from
Not seen or
'Ep(u.TJ?,
kos,
Her'i-ta'tion, n. 1. Doubt vaciltaining to_interpretation.
known mysterious.

herited

inheritance.

HeR-maph'ro-dite,

re.

Her'me-neu'tigs,
of interpretation,
Scriptures.

1Ier-MET'I,

Her-MET'I-AL,

Science
sing.
especially of the

re.

stopping in

speech;

stammering.

The evening star.

[From Hermes HES-PE'RI-AN, . [Lat. hesprrius, fr.
a.
Trismegistus, the
hesperus, the evening star, Gr. eWe;

I,

2.

HES'PER,

fabled inventor of alchemy.] 1. Pertaining to chemistry chemical. 2.

A, E,

lation.

pos.]

n.

Western

Hes'sian Fly.

occidental.

small two-winged

o,v,y, long; A,E,I, 6,tJ, Y, short; CARE, far, Ask, all,

what; ere,

Secret;

covert.
Hidden may
denote either "known to no one," as a
hidden disease, or "intentionally concealed," as a hidden, purpose of revenge.
secret must be known to some one;
as, a secret conspiracy.
Covert (covas,
ered) means not open or avowed
a covert plan ; the word, however, is

Syn.

veil,

term; pique, firm; son.

HIDALGO

HIRELING

201

HIGH (hi), a. [-ER; -EST.] [A.-S.

understood without openly expressing
lift1. Elevated
hedli, hedg, hea.]
Secret is opit; as, a covert allusion.
ed up lofty sublime. 2. Regarded
posed to known, and hidden to concealed.
as raised up or elevated remarkaH1-DAL'GO,n. [Sp.] A nobleman of
ble sometimes equivalent to great,
[Spain.]
the lowest class.
used indefinitely. 3. Possessing some
Hide, v. t. [imp. HID; p. p. HID,
characteristic quality in a marked
hidden; p.pr. & vb. n. hiding.]
degree. 4. Prominent; eminent;
LA.-S. hydan ; Icel. hyda, to spread
used in various technical senses.
skins over.] 1. To withhold, or withHigh-mass (Rom. Cath. Church), that
draw from sight. 2. To keep secret.
mass which is performed by a choir in a
to keep one's
specially formal and solemn manner.
v. i. To lie concealed
High treason, treason against the state,
n. [A.-S. Iiytl, alself out of view.
High
being the highest civil offense.
lied to Lat. cutis.] 1. Skin of a beast.
water, the greatest elevation of the tide;
in contempt.
2. The human skin;
also, the time of such elevation. High
HlDE'-BOUND, a. Having the skin
wine, distilled wine brandy also, pure
alcohol.
stuck closely to the ribs and back.
adv. To a great height eminentIIId'e-oDs (77), a.
[0. Fr. hidous,
powerfully.
An elevated
ly
n.
hideus, fr. Armor, hefrz, thz, horror.]
place; superior region.
Shocking to the eye or ear.
High'-born, a. Being of noble birth.
horrid
ghastly
Syn. Frightful
HlGH'-CHURCH, a. Inclined to atdreadful; terrible.
tach the highest importance to episIn a hideous
IIi'd'e-ous-LY, adv.
copacy.
[hideous.
manner.
One who
IIid'e-ols-ness, n.
State of being High'-church'man, n.
holds high-church principles.
HlD'ER, n. One who hides.
Hie, v. i. [hied; hying.] [A.-S. High'-fli'er, 11. One who is extravagant in pretensions or manners.
higan, hiegian, to strive, make haste,
HlGH'-FLOWN, a. 1. Elevated proud.
hige, mind, thought.]
To hasten.
extravagant.
2. Turgid
HI'E-RARH, n. [Gr. tepapx*)? ; tepos,
sacred, and apxos, leader.] One who High'land, n. Elevated land.
IIlGH'LAND-ER, n. An inhabitant of
rules in sacred things.
highlands esp. those of Scotland.
Hi'e-rarch'AL, a. Pertaining to a
High'ly (hi'ly), adv. In a high manhierarch.
[a hierarchy.
ner, or to a high degree.
ni'E-RAReH'ie-AL, a. Pertaining to
Hl'E-RARH/Y, n. 1. Authority in High'-mind'ed, a. 1. Proud arrogant. 2. Magnanimous.
sacred things. 2. The body of per1. State of
sons having ecclesiastical authority. IIlGH'NESS (hl/nes), n.
being high, in its various senses. 2.
adminis3. A form of government
A title of honor given to princes, &c.
tered solely by the priesthood.
Hl'E-RAT'l, a. [Gr. lepaTifcos ; tepos, HlGH'-PRESS'URE (hl'preWvjr), a.
Exceeding .about fifty pounds on the
sacred.] Consecrated to sacred uses
square inch.
sacerdotal
applied to a mode of
HlGH'-SEA / soND(hI's3/znd),a. Enancient Egyptian writing.
with spices or other seasoning.
riched
El'E-RO-GLYPH,
n. 1. The pict1.
Full of
Hpe-ro-glvph'ig,
ure-writing HlGH'-SPIR'IT-ED, a.
daring.
irascible.
2. Bold
sprit
of the ancient Egyptian priests.
2.
Any character having a mysterious HTght (hit), n. The same as Height
High'way, n. A public road.
significance.
Syn. Way; road; path; course.
Bl'E-RO-GLYPH'l,
) a.
[Gr. tewe mean

often applied to what

to be

HPE-RO-GLYPH'IC-AL,

poyKvfyinov
(sc. ypaju.ua), an hieroglyphic character; tepos, sacred, and y\.v<peiv, to
carve.] 1. Expressive of some meaning by characters or pictures. 2. Obscure enigmatical.
H7/E-RO-GRAPH'I,
) a.
[Gr. le\

Hl'E-RO-GRAPH'IC-AL,

poypae/uKOS.]

Pertaining to sacred writing.

Hl / E-ROL''0-GY, 11. [Gr. iepoAoyta;

High'way-man

One who

(150), n.

robs on the public road.

IIigh'-wrought

(hl'rawt),

a.

I.

HINDMOST,

HINDERMOST

or

[A..

Placed in the rear.

[compar. of hind.] Bea.
longing to that part which is in the
S.J

HlND'ER,
rear.

HlN'DER,

[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.

V. t.
hindrian, fr. hinder, back, after.] 1.
To prevent from moving forward. 2.
To check or retard. 3. To embar*
rass

shut out.

to

STN.
act

To

debar

stop ; interrupt ; coimteif

arrest
impede ; delay.
;

To interpose obstacles.
[Written
HlN'DER-ANCE, n.
v.

i.

also
hindrance.]
1. Act of impeding or
2. That which
restraining motion.
stops advance.
Hind'er-most, ) a. Superlative of

Hiind'most,

HIN'DOO,

IIin'dtj^

Hind.

n.

native inhabitant of

Hindostan.

IIIN'DOO-STAN'EE
HlN'DU-STAN'l

a.
Of, or
pertaining to. the

(112),

Hindoos or their language.

guage of the Hindoos.

n.

Lan-

See HlNDERANCE.
Ger. ango, connectThe joint on
1.
ed with hang.]
which a door, lid, &c. hangs or turns.
2. That on which any thing depends
[-ED -ING.] To
v. t.
or turns.
v. i. To stand,
furnish with hinges.
depend, or turn, as on a hinge.
Hint, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S. hentan, to pursue, seize.] To bring to

HlN'DRANCE, 11.
Hinge, n. [0. H.

mind by a slight allusion.

Syx. To suggest intimate
;

ate

insinu-

imply.

To make an

indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion.

n.
distant allusion intimation.
v.

i.

[A.-S.]
1. Lateral parts of
the pelvis, with the flesh covering

HIP,

11.

them haunch.

2.

Fruit of the dog-

rose.

HiP PO-CEN'TAUR,
/

Tavpos ;
centaur

1777705,

horse,

A fabulous

man and

[Gr. 'nrnoKev/ceVravpo?,

n.

and

monster, half

half horse.

HlP'PO-DROME,

[Gr. [TTTroSpouO?

n.

horse, and Sp6|uos, course.]

circus for horse-races and chariotIT77T05,

races.

Wrought, with exquisite skill. 2. In- HlP'PO-POT'A-MUS,

flamed to a high degree.
n. ; Eng.pl. HIP'Hl-LA'RI-oBs (hi- or'hl-), a. [Lat. hiPO- POT' A -MUSlarus, Gr. lAapos.] Mirthful; merES Lat. pi. hip'ry jolly.
FO- POT' A- MI.
;

Hl-LAR'I-TY

(hi- or hi-), n.

pleas-

[Gr. t7T7TO7r6Tau0<r

Hippopotamus.

urable excitement of the animal

and
i7r7ro?, horse,
and \6-yos, discourse.]
spirits.
A pachydermatous
7roTa/xo?, river.]
Science which treats of the ancient Hill, n. [A.-S.] 1. An eminence less
mammal of Africa, allied to the hog.
writings and inscriptions of the Egypthan a mountain. 2. Earth rai.-ed HlP'-ROOF, n. A roof having sloping
tians.
about the root of a plant.
v. t.
ends and sloping sides.
Hl'E-RO-MAN'CY, n. [Gr. iepouav-rta,
[-ED -ING.] To surround with earth. HiRE,t>.. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S. Ayfr. iepds, sacred, and fiavrela, divinaHill'ock, n. A small hill.
rian.]
1. To procure from another?
tion.]
Divination by observing the HlLL'Y, a. Abounding with hills.
and for temporary use, for a comthings offered in sacrifice.
HiLT, n. [A.-S.] Handle of a cutting
pensation. 2. To contract with for
HI-ER'O-PHANT, Or Hl'E-RO-PHANT,
instrument.
4. To let; to
wages. 3. To bribe.
n.
[Gr. tepo(aer>7s ; tepos, sacred, HlM, pron.
Objective case of Ha.
Compensation for the
lease.
n.
and (paCvecv, to show.]
One who Him-sElf', pron. An emphasized form
temporary use of a thing or for periepos, sabred,

teaches the mysteries of religion.

Hig'gle, v. i. [-ed: -ing.] [See
Haggle.] 1. To carry provisions

about
or, do,

Sor sale.

2.

To

chaffer.

^)f

He

Hind,

or

Him.

n.

1. [A.-S.]

red deer.
fixed.]

wolf, too, TOOK; URN, rue, PULL

sonal service.

E,

Female of the

[A.-S. June,
rustic.
a.

2.

I,

o, silent

with d suf-

Wages

Syn.
lowance

pay.
n.

[HINDER; HIre'ling,

c, g, soft;

,u,hard; Ag

salary

stipend

E}CIST

al-

One who is hired

erasNG; this


HIRSUTE

HOLIDAY

202

priests on the elevation of the host

1. A box for bees to live in.
ily.]
mercenary.
a. Serving for wages
A juggler; a juggler's trick. v. i.
2. A swarm of bees. 3. A company
venal mercenary.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To
To cheat.
a crowd,
llIR-SUTE', a. [Lat. hirsutus.] Rough
Hod,
into
a
hive.
v.
i.
To
take
collect
.
with hair shaggy.
[Fr. hotte, a basket for the
back.] 1. A kind of tray ibr carryshelter together.
His, pron. Of him possessive of He ;
[Scot,
allied
Hives,
ft.
to
he
ave.]
A
ing
mortar
formerly used as the possessive of
and bricks.
2. A coaldisease
the croup.
scuttle.
it, for its,
inter].
Halloo oho oh! at- HODGE'-PODGE, ft. [Fr. hochepot fr.
Hts'PlD, a.
Rough Ho,
[Lat. hispidus.]
Hoa, ) tend!
hocher, to shake, and pot, pot.]
with bristles bristly.
A
medley of ingredients. [Colloq.]
,32ss,v.i. [-ED; -1NG.] [A.-S. hysian ] Hoar, a. [A.-S. Mr.] "White, or grayish white, especially with age.
HO'dI-ER'NAL, a. [Lat. hodiernus;
To make a sound like that of the
hodie, to-day.]
[A.-S. hord, heard.] A
v. t. To HOARD, n.
Belonging to the
letter s, esp. in contempt.
large quantity of any thing laid up.
present day.
A sound
ft.
condemn by hissing.
v.t.
[-ed -ING.] Tocollectand IIod'man (i-50), ft. A mason's tender.
like that made in pronouncing the
lay up
Hoe, ft. An instrument for cutting
to store secretly.
letter s, esp. as a mark of disapproba[of contempt. Hoar'-frost, ft.
White particles
up weeds, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
tion,
cut, dig, or clean with a hoe.
formed by the congelation of dew.
Hi'ss'ING, ft. 1. A hiss. 2. Occasion
v. i.
Hush; HOAR'HOUND, ft. [A.-S. hune, hara[Cf. Whist.]
To use a hoe.
Hist, interj.
hune, fr. Mr, hoar, gray.] A plant Hoe '-care, ft. A coarse cake, of Inbe silent.
dian meal a johnny-cake.
which has a bitter taste. /
His-TOL'O-GY, n. [Or. Io-tos, tissue,
and Aoyos, discourse.] Science which Hoar'i-NESS, ft. State of being hoary. Hog, ft. [W. hwch, swine, sow.] A
well-known domesticated animal
treats of the minute structure of the Hoakse, a. [-ER -est.] [0. II. Ger.
haersch.] 1. Having a harsh, rough,
swine; specifically, a castrated boar.
tissues of plants, animals, &c.
His-TO'RI-AN, n. A writer or comgrating voice.
v. t. To cut short the hair of.
2. Rough
discordant.
harsh sound.
v. i. To become bent \ipward in the
piler of history.
a.
Containing, or Hoarse'ly, adv.
middle.
[mean selfish
His-TOR're,
"With a rough,
pertaining to his- Hoarse'ness, n. Harshness of voice Hog'gish, a.
Gluttonous; filthy:
HlS-TOR'I-AL, J
Hogs'head, n. [Either from its form
tory.
or sound.
His-tCri-og'ra-pher, n. [Gr. l<r- Hoar'y, a. [See Hoar.] White or
or make.] 1. A measure containing
whitish, cspciallySwith age; hoar.
Topia, history, and ypucpcLv, to write.]
63 wine gallons, or about 52 imperi
al gallons.
2. A large cask, of inA historian a writer of history.
HOAX, . [A.-S. hues, hux, hCh, hoc,
His-to'ri-og'ra-phy, n. Art or emdefinite contents. [Amcr.]
mockery, contempt, or contr. from
[hogshorns, in hocus-pocus.] A trick played HoG'sTY, ft. A pen or iuclosure ib*
ployment of a historian.
off in sport.
[-ED; -ING.] Hoi'D.EN, ft. [W. hoeden, flirt, wan
His'TO-RY, n. [Lat. historic/,, Gr. 'rv. t.
ton.]
A rude, bold gii-1 a romp. Topla, fr. io-Topelv, to learn by inquiTo play a trick upon for sport.
1. A record
a description. 2. Hob, ft. Flat part of a grate at the
a. Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic.
ry.]
side, where things are placed to be Hoist, v.t. [-ed;-ing.] [Icel. hisa.]
A continuous narrative of events.
To raise; to lift by means of tacklekept warm.
Natural History, a description and
classification of objects in nature, as IIOB'ELE, ti.
[-ED -ING.] [Dim.
1.
Act of hoisting. 2. Per
ft.
minerals, plants, animals, &c.
To walk lamely to limp.
pendicular height of a flag or sail.
of hop.]
Syn. Chronicle annals relation
interj.
unequal,
HOI'TY-TOI'TY,
1.
An
halting
gait.
[From hoit,
n.

History is a methodical recnarration.

perplexity.
(obs.) to caper.]
An exclamation de2. Difficulty
ord of the important events which concern a community of men, usually so ar- Hob'bly, a. Full of holes; rough;
noting surprise or disapprobation.
ranged as to show the connection of
Hold (20), v. t. [imp. & p. p. held
uneven
said of a road.
causes and effects. A chronicle is a rec1ft.
[Dan. hoppe, a
p. pr. & vb. ft. holding. Holdord of such events, when it conforms to Hob'by,
en, p. p. is used in legal language.]
mare.]
1.
A
the order of time as its distinctive feat- Hob'by-horse, j
ure. Annals are a chronicle divided out
1. To sustain
[A.-S. healdan.]
to
strong, active horse a nag.
2. A
into distinct years.
stick on which boys ride.
restrain to retain. 2. To keep to
3. A faHlS'TRI-ON'l,
a. [Lat. histrion3. To be in possession of.
vorite theme of discourse or effort.
defend.
IIIS'TRI-6n'I-AL,
reus, fr. histrio, H6B'GoB-LlN,ft. [See Hob and Gob4. To carry on; to continue.
5. To
a player.]
Pertaining to a stagecontain, or have capacity for. 6. To
lin.]
A frightful apparition an
player theatrical.
to remaintain. 7. To consider
imp.
Hit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. HIT; p. pr. Hob'NAIL, ft.
v. i. 1. To keep one's self in
[Ger. hufnagel, hoofgard.
& vb. n. HITTING.] [Icel. hitta, to nail.] A thick-headed nail for shoes.
a given position or condition to rehcttan, hetian, to Hob'nob, adv.
hit, find: A.-S
[A.-S. habban, to
main fixed. 2. To derive right or
pursue, drive.] 1. To'reach or touch
1. Seizure
grasp clasp.
title.
.
have, and nabban, to have not.] Take
an object aimed at.
2. To accord
3.
a familiar invitation
2. Binding power and influence.
or not take
v. i. 1. To meet or
with to suit.
5Custody. 4. A fortified place.
to reciprocal drinking.
v. i.
To
come in contact. 2. To succeed.
Interior cavity of a vessel.
drink familiarly.
ft. A collision; the stroke that touchHob'son's Choice. A choice with- Hold'back, ft. The iron or strap on
es any thing;
often with implied
the thill of a, vehicle, to which a part
out an alternative this or none.
luck or chance.
K3=f This expression is saidtohavehad
of the harness is attached.
its origin in the name of one Jlohson, at
JflTCH, v. i. 1. To become caught as
1. One who holds.
Hold'ER,
.,
2.
Cambridge, England, who let horses,
by a hook. 2. To move by jerks, as
Something by which a thing is held.
and obliged every customer to take in
if caught on a hook.
[-ED
v. t.
Something used to
his turn the horse" which stood next the HOLD'-FAST, ft.
-ING.]
To catch or fasten as by a
stable-door.
hold in place something else, as a
hook.
ft.
1. A catch.
2. Act of
Hock, n. [From Hochheim, in Gerhook, &c.
catching. 3. A sudden halt. 4. A
many.] A light-yellowish Rhenish Hold'ing, w. 1. A tenure anything
knot or noose in a rope.
wine.
2. Influence power.
that is held.
H'lTH'ER, adv.
[A.-S. hidhcr.)
To IIo'CUS, v._ t. To deceive or cheat.
Hole, w. [A.-S. hoi, from helan, to
this place.
a.
Being on the side Ho'cus-po'cus, ft.
[According to
conceal.] 1. A hollow place. 2. An
toward the speaker.
Turner, from Ochus Bochus, a magiexcavation, or a natural cavity.
Hith'er-to/, adv. 1. To this place.
cian of the northern mythology acSyn. Hollow aperture interstice
2. Up to this time.
cording to Tillotson, a corruption of
perforation; excavation.
Hive, n. [A.-S. hyfe, hive, hhv, famhoc est corpus, uttered by Romish HoL'1-DAY, ft. [holy and day.] 1. A

'

?'.

E,

1,

0,fi,Y, long; AjEjIjOjt), Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK; ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM; s6N,

JJOLILY

HOOF-BOUND

203
A

day of HOME'LI-NESS, n
1. Plainness of
coarseness.
features.
2. Rudeness
Ho'li-LY, adv. In a holy manner.
HO.ME'LY (20), a. [-er;-est, .142.] 1.
Ho'li-ness, n. 1. State of beiug ho2. Of
Plain rude in appearance.
2. State of
plain features; not handsome.
ly; freedom from sin.
any thing consecrated to God.
Home'-made (109), a. Of domestic
manufacture.
[to homeopathy.
His Holiness, a title of the pope.
religious anniversary.
exemption from labor.

2.

devotion ; godliness
Piety
Syn.
religiousness "sanctity ; sacreduess.
;

;
j

Bol'LA,

v. i. [-ED
HOLLO.

Hollo,

niterj.

To

-ING.]

See

hollo.

'

of,

homeopath)'.

HO'ME-OP'A-THY,

n.
[Gr. b^oiona0eta, likeness ol condition or feeling.]

The theory and

medicine which

[or exclaim.
call out

Hol'lo (or hol-lo'), v. i. To

Hol'low, a. [See HOLE.]

practice that a
will cause will also
its

cure disease, the remedies being usually administered in minute doses.

HO'MER, n. [Heb. khOmer] A Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid
measure, 75 wine gallons, and, as a
dry measure, 111 bushels.

Containing an empty space, within a

solid substance. 2. Reverberated from
a cavity. 3. Not sincere or faithful.
Syn. Concave sunken low vaHome'sick. a. Affected with sickness
faithless
false
cant
empty
void
caused by grief at a separation from
deceitful.
home
n. A cavity a hole an excavation
a concavity, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] To Home'sick-ness, n. A morbid sorrowing for home when absent.
adv.
make hollow; to excavate.
;

1.

Home'spun,

a. 1. Wrought at home
plain. 2. Plain
rude.
n. A person's dwellingplace, with that part of his landed
property which is about and contiguous to it.

Completely.

Hol'low-ness,

n.

H6L/LY,

Cavity

1.

vation 2. Insincerity

coarse

exca-

[A.-S.
An evergreen tree or shrub having
glossy green leaves.
plant bearing
HSl'ly-hock, n.
flowers of various colors.
(horn), n. 1. [From A.-S. holm,
holly as the holly is also called holm.]
n.

Home'ward,

HoM'l-CPDAL,

Holm

HoL'O-CAUST,

the

ilex.

n.

another

[Gr. bKonavcrrov

manslaughter.

2.

per-

son who kills another.

and kclvcttos, burnt.] A
la. [Gr.6jouA.77Tisacrifice, the whole of which was H6m'i-let'1,
HdM'I-LET'IG-AL,
kos, fr 6/LuAea-,
consumed by fire.
oAos, whole,

Hol'o-graph,

to be together, to converse.] Pertain[preaching.

ing to homiletics.
Science of
Hoai'I-LET'KJS, a. sing.
HoM/l-LY, n. [Gr. o^iAta. See HOMiletic]
plain and familiar sermon a serious discourse.
HoM'I-NY. n.
[Ind. auhuminea,
Maize hulled and
parched corn.]
coarse.
[Amtr.]
broken, but

[Gr. oAoypa^os,
n.
wholly written.] Any writing wholly
in the hand of the one from whom
it

proceeds.

Hol'ster

H. Ger.

hulst,
hulft, covering, saddle, Icel. hulstr,
A horseman's leathern case
case.]
for a pistol.
HOLT, n. [A.-S.] A wood, or piece
of woodland especially, a woody hill.
Ho'LY, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] [A.-S.
halig, fr. hdl, halo, safety, from hal,
sound, safe.] 1. Set apart to the ser(20), n.

[0.

[Probably an Indian
n.
hillock.
[MEOPATHY.
n.
Same as Ho[Gr. 6/u.oyeHO'MO-GE'NE-AL,
a.

Hom'jviock,

word.]

HO'MO-GE'KE-OUS,

Hom'age,

^?,

fr.

6/u.o?,

the same, and yeVos, race, kind]

the same kind or nature.

Ho^IjCE-OP'A-THY,

vice of God
sacred.
2. Free from
sinful affections pure guiltless.
religious festival.
A stone used by
n.
seamen for cleaning decks.

Ho'ly-day, n.
Ho'LY-STONE,

Ho'mo-ge-ne'i-ty,
kind or nature.

HO-MOL'o-GOUs,

[L. Lat. horn as; him, fr.

Lat. /iomo,aman, L. Lat. client, serv-

n.

Of

action

1.

obeisance.

'

1.

instruments.

v.

[-ed

t.

-ing

from honos, honor, honor.]

1. Fair
in dealing with others upright just.
2. Proceeding from pure or just principles, or directed to a good object.
virtuous.
3. Chaste
Syn.
Trusty faithful rightful sincere; frank; candid; unreserved.
;

H6n'est-ly

In an

(6n'est-ly), adv.

honest manner.

Hon'es-ty

(on'es-ty), n.
Quality or
state of being honest.
n. [A.-S. hunig.] 1.
sweet, thick fluid, collected by
bees.
2. Sweet one darling.
v. i.

HON'EY(hun'y),

Tov. use endearments

To sweeten.
;

[-ED

-ING.]
also, to fawn.
;

t.

HON'EY-BAG

Recep-

HON'EY-GOMB* (hun'y-kom),

n.

(hfin'y-biig), n.
tacle for honey in a bee.

1.

formed by bees, and used as retheir honey. 2. Any

substance, with cells like those of a
honey-comb.
Cells,

positories for

n.
A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves o)
plants in small drops.
Hon'ey-MOON, n. First month after-

H6n'ey-dew.

or, Dp, woLF,TO"o.TO~bK; fJRN, rue, pull

E,

I,

n. One of several
species of flowering plants.
(on'ur), n. [Lat.] 1. Esteem
due or paid to worth. 2. Excellence of
character
esp. in men, integrity
in women, chastity. 3. A nice sense of
what is right, with a life correspondent thereto. 4. Dignity reputation.
5. A mark of respect.
6. pi. Academic prizes or distinctions. 7. ]>/.
The four highest cards
ace, king,
v.t. [-EB;-1NG]
queen, and jack.
1. To regard or treat with honor;
to worship. 2. To dignify. 3. (Com.)

HoN'OR

To accept and pay when due.

Hon'or-A-ble

(on'ur-), a.

thy of honor.

2.

ciples of honor.

1.

o, silent; <?,&,soft;

Wor-

Actuated by prinProceeding from

3.

an upright and laudable cause.

Conferring honor.

An

5.

4.

epithet of

Sameness of H6n'or-a-bly (on'ur-), adv.

honorable manner.

[Gr. ojuoAoyos,
agreeing.] Having the same relative
position, proportion, value, or structH5m'o-ny, n See Hominy.
[ure.
a.

sound.]

(fnovij,

pitch. 2 Expressing cue

or letter with another.
HONE, n. [A -S. hanan, to stone
prob. allied to Gr. oikovt/, whetstone.]
A stone of a fine grit, for sharpening

distinction.

Respect paid bv external

2. Reverential
Hoai'o-NfM, in. A word having the
worship: devout affection.
Home (20), n. [A.-S. ham, Goth. IIom'O-SYME, ) same K>und as another, but differing troni it in meanhahns.] 1. House in which one lives
ing; as bear (noun) and bear (verb).
residence.
2.
Place or country in
HO-m5n'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. o/awwjao?
which one dwells.
fr. 6/ix6s, the same, and bvofxa, name.]
dwelling
Syjj. Tenement house
abode.
Having different significations, or applied to different things; equivocal.
- adv.
1. To one's home or counHo-MOK'Y-MY.ri. Sameness between
try.
2. Close
to the point.
words
which differ in signification.
Home'-bred, a. Native domestic.
Home'less. a. Destitute of a home. Ho-MOPH'o-NOUS,a. [Gr. bfj.6$(avo<;
ant.]

the same, and

Of the same
same sound

H6m'I-C1DE, n. [Lat. homicidium ;

homo, man, and aedere, to kill.] 1.
marriage.
The killing of one human being by HON'EY-SUCK/LE,

2.

A river isle.

[A.-S. holm.]

adv. Toward home.

a. Pertaining to hom-

murderous.

icide;

The evergreen oak

Home-STEAD,

deceitfulness.
Iwlen, holegn.]
;

6/u.os,

H<yME-o-PATH'l (110), a. Relating

To rub and sharpen on a hone.
Ho'ME-op'A-THiST, n. A believer in. HON'EST (on'est), a. [Lat. honestits,
or practitioner

Hoi/lands, n. Gin made in Holland.

HOL'LO, tintsrj. & n. [Fr. hold, fr.
ho and Id, there.] Ho;
Hol'loa,
attend; here.

;
,

Hon'or-a-ry

(on'ur-), a.

In an

Conferring

honor, or intended merely to do so.

n.
[A.-S. hud, from hcdan, to
take care of.] 1. A covering for the

HOOD,

head and shoulders. 2. Any thing

resembling a hood in form or uses.

[-ed -ing.]
v. t.
furnish with a hood
;

Ho~bD'wiNK,

To cover or

-ING.] [From
hood and ivink.] 1. To blind by covering the eyes. 2. To cover to hide.
f.

t.

[-EB

Hoof,

n.

[A.-S. hOf.]

The hornv

substance that covers or terminates

the feet of certain animals
Hoof'-bound, a. Having a dryness

,a,hard; AS; EXIST; N asNG; this.

HOOK

HORSE-PLAY

204

and contraction of the hoof, occasionA fetter for horses, or

for the purposes of predicting a pern.
ing.
ing pain and lameness.
son's fortune.
other animals.
A child's game, in Ho-ROS'CO-PY, n. Prediction of fuII o OK (27), n.
[A.-S. hdc] Some hard H6p'-S6tch, n.
material, bent for catching or holdwhich a stone is driven by the foot
ture events by the disposition of the
stars.
ing any thing.
v. t.
[-ed -ing.]
of the player from one compartment
1. To catch or fasten with a hook.
to another of a figure traced on the HOR'RI-BLE, a. [Lat. horribilis ; h orground.
rere, to bristle.]
2. To steal or rob.
[ Cotloq.]
v. i.
Exciting, or tendHo'RAL, a. [Lat. horalis ; hora, hour.]
To bend to be curved.
ing to excite, horror.
Hook'ed (hobk'ed or htfbkt), a. HavRelating to an hour.
Syn. Dreadful frightful; feartul;
terrible; awful: terrific; shocking; hiaeing the form of a hook curvated.
Ho'RA-RY, a. [L. Lat. horarius ; Lat.
ous; horrid.
hora, hour.]
1.
Pertaining to an
Hoop, or HobP, n. [A.-S. hCp.] 1.
So as to excito
hour; noting the hours. 2. Occur- Hor'ri-bly, adv.
A band of wood or metal, for a cask.

Any thing circular. 3. A combination of elastic rings for expanding

the skirts of ladies' dresses
chiefv. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
ly in the pi.
1.
To bind or fasten with hoops. 2.

2.

ring once an hour; hourly.

n. [Hind, i/rdti, army, camp,
market.] A wandering troop or gang.
HORE'HOUND, n. See llOARHOUND.

Horde,

horror.

IIor'rid,

a.

bristling.

Rough

1.

ragged

2. "Very disagreeable.
'

Syn. Frightful; hideous; alarming;

Ho-ri'zon

[Gr. 6piW (sc.

shocking; dreadful; awful; terrific ter(118), n.
rible; horrible.
the bounding line;
opos,
1. Apparent junction of H6R'RlD-LY,rfi'.
Dreadfully.
the earth and sky
called the sen- HOR-RiF'I, a.
[Lat. horrijir.us, from
horror, nnd/acere, to make.]
sible horizon.
2. A plane parallel to
Causing horror.
the sensible horizon of a place, and
H6r'ri-fy, v. t. [-ed; ing, 142.] To
passing through the earth's center
A
make horrible to strike with horror.
whose head is adorned with a beaucalled also the rational or celestial
Hor'ROR,??.
tiful crest.
horizon.
[Lat. horror, from horrere, to bristle, to shiver, to be dreadIIoop'-SKIRT (hobpz-orhdop/-). n. A Hor'I-zon'tal, a. Parallel to the
ful.]
1. A shaking, shivering, or
horizon on a level.
frame-work of hoops for expanding
shuddering.
the skirts of a lady's dress.
Hor-I-zon'tal-ly, adv. On a level.
2. A painful emotion
of fear and abhorrence.
IIOO'glER (ho"o / zher), n. [Either from HORN, n.
[A.-S. horn, Goth, haurn,
3.
That
which excites fear.
hus/ier, because they were considered
allied to Lat. cornu.] 1. A hard pro[A.-S. hors, for hros, Del.
as bullies, or from their rough exjection from the heads of certain an- Horse, n.
clamation when one knocks at a
& 0. II. Ger. hros.] 1. A well-known
imals.
2. Hence, something made
hoofed quadruped. 2. The male of
door, " Who 's yere f "] A citizen of
of a horn, or resembling a horn in
the genus horse.
the State of Indiana. [ Amer.]
form, use, and the like. 3. The ma3. Mounted soldiery
MoOT,v.i. [-ED ; -ING.] [Frov. Fr.
cavalry.
terial of which horns are composed.
4. A frame with

To

clasp

to encircle.

To whoop.

3.

(-kawf), n.
A
cough in which the patient whoops,
with _a deep inspiration of breath.
Hoop'oe, n. [So called from its
HOOP'OO, j whooping cry.]
bird

HOOPflNG-OUGH

kvkAos),

boundary.]

hvuter, hutier, to call, cry.] 1. To

cry out in contempt.
2. To cry as
an owl.
v. t.
To utter contemptuous cries or shouts at.
n. A cry
or shout in contempt.
Hop, v.i. [-ped; -PING.] [A.-S. hoppan.] To leap or jump on one leg;
also, to skip, as birds do.
n. 1. A
leap on one leg.
2. An informal
dance. [Colloq.] 3. [D. hop, hoppe,
0. II. Ger. hopfo, W. hop'z.)
A
climbing plant, the flower-scales and
fruit of which are used in brewing.
HOPE (20), n. [A.-S. hopa.} 1. Desire
of some good, with at least a slight
expectation of obtaining it. 2. That
which furnishes ground of expecta-

tion.

That which

3.

Syn.

Confidence

hoped

'is

expectation

for.
;

an-

ticipation; trust; belief.

[-ed; -ing.]

i.

1.

To enterTo place

tain or indulge hope.

2.
confidence.
v. t.
To desire with
expectation.
[Promising.
Hope'ful, a. 1. Full of hope. 2.
Hope'ful-LY, adv. With hope.
Hope'ful-ness, n. Quality of being
hopeful.
Hope'less, a. 1. Destitute of hope.
2. Giviug no ground of hope
des;

perate.

H5pe'less-ly, adv. Without hope.

Hope'less-ness, n. A state of being
hopeless

Hop'PER,
hops.

2.

despair.
n.
[See Hop.] 1.

One who

wooden trough through

which grain passes into a mill.

IIop'ple, v. t. [-ED -ing.] [From
hop.] To tie the feet of loosely together, to prevent running or leap;

A,

E,

I,

O,

fj,

Y,long-- A, ,

If

legs, used for supporting something.

n.
A large tropical bird,
v. t. [-ed -ing.] To provide with
having a bill curving downward, on
a horse, or with horses."
which is a process resembling anothHorse'back, . 1. The back of a
er growing upward.
horse.
2. State of being mounted
Horn'blende, n. [Ger. from horn,
on the back of a horse.
horn, and blende, blende.]
A common mineral of various colors, con- Horse'-block, n. A block on which
one steps in mounting and dismountsisting of silica combined with maging from a horse.
[by horses.
nesia, lime, or iron.

HORN'BILL,

Horn'-bo'ok,

n.

A primer.

HORN.ED

(hornd, 60), a. 1. Furnished

with horns. 2. Shaped like a horn.

HOR'NET,

[A.-S. hyrnet, so called

n.
antennae, or horns.] A large,
strong kind of wasp.
HORN'PIPE,n. [W. pib-gorn.] (Mus.)
(a.) An instrumentof music,
(b.) A
lively tune, of compound triple time.
(r.) A dance.
Horn'
(-wurk), n. (Fort.) An
outwork composed of two demi-bastions joined by a curtain.

from

its

work

HoRN'Y,a. [-er;-est,

142.] 1. Consisting of, or composed of, horn.

2.
Hard ; callous.
Hor'o-LOGE, n.
[Gr wpoAo-yiov ;
titpa, hour, and Ae'yeiv, to tell.]

time-piece of

Relating to a
horologe, or to horology.
Ho-roi/o-gy, n. Science of measuring time
HO-rom'e-TRY, n. [Gr. iopa, hour,
and fj.4rpov, measure.] Artor method
of measuring time by hours.

Hor'o-scope,

a.

[Gr. wpocr/coTros,
observing hours or times.] (Astrol.)
The scheme of twelve houses or signs
of the zodiac, into which the whole
circuit of the heavens was divided

O, 0, Y, short;

n.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

Horse'-car, n. A railroad car drawn

Horse'-chest'NUT (-ches'nut), n.
[So called because the nut was formerly ground and given to horses.]
A large nut, the fruit of a tre, common in the temperate zones of both

hemispheres.

Horse'-cloth, n.
H6rse'-do'tor,
business

to

is

[a horse.
cloth to cover

One whose

n.

cure sick horses

farrier.

Horse '-guards (-gardz, 72),

A body of cavalry for guards.
HORSE'-HAIR,
and

tail of

n. pi.

Hair of the mane

n.

a horse.

[horses.

Horse '-jock'ey, n.
Horse'-laugh (-laf),

dealer in
A loud,
[eiinary surgeon.

coarse laugh.

11.

A farrier; a vetn.
A carriage on
n.
poles borne between two horses.
H6rse'-mack'ER-el, n. 1. A spinyfinned fish, about the size of the
mackerel.
2.
A gigantic kind of
Horse'-leech,

any kind.

H6r'o-log'I-al,

WHAT

Horse'-lit'ter,

mackerel

Horse'man

the tunny.
(150), n.

horseback.

2.

1.

(Mil.)

A rider on
A mounted

soldier.

Horse 'MAN-SHIP,
of riding

n.
The act or ait
and training horses.
n. Bough, rude play.

Horse'-plax,

ERE, VEIL, TlBM; PIQUE, FIRM; SON.

HORSE-POWER
Horse'-poWER,

n.

1.

The power

which a horse

is capable of exerting.
standard by which the capabilities of steam-engines, &c, are measestimated as 33.000 pounds
ured;
raised one foot in a minute.

2.

HOWL

205
word obsidaticum

obses, obsidis,

fr.

hostage.] A person giveu as a pledge

for the performance of conditions.

Host'ess,

1.

re.

female host.

2.

shelter.

v.

i.

To take

One who

re.

fe-

loniously breaks into a house.

House'-break/ing,

female innkeeper.

shelter oi

lodgings; to abide.

House'-break'er,

Act of felo-

re.

niously breaking into a house.

Hds'TlLE. a. [Lat. hostilis, fr. hostis,
race by horses.
enemy.]
Belonging or appropriate House'hold, re. A family living together.
a. Belonging to the house
A species of to an enemy.
and family domestic.
[family.
scurvy grass having a root of a pun- Hos-tii/I-ty,. 1. State of being hos[horse-power.
tile.
2. pi. Acts of warfare.
House'hold-er, re.
Master of a
gent taste.
Horse'-rake, re. A rake worked by
Animosity
enmity; opposi- HousE'KEEP-ER,re. 1. One who ocSyn.
tion violence aggression.
cupies a house with his family. 2.
Horse'-rail'road, re. A railroad
A female servant who has the chief
on which the cars are drawn by Hos'TLER (hosier or os'ler), re. One
who
has
the
care
of
horses.
horses.
[for
care of the family.
horses.
Horse 'SHOE (-shoo), re. An iron shoe Hot, a. [-TER; -test.] [A.-S. hat.] House'keep-ing, re. Care of do1.
Having
much
sensible
heat.
2.
driving
whip
for
re.
A
mestic concerns.
Horse'whip,
Characterized by ardor, or anima- House 'less, a. Destitute of a house.
[-ED;
v. t.
or striking horses.
tion.
3.
Lustful.
4.
Acrid
pungent.
horsewhip.
strike
with
a
-ix&.] To
House'maid. re. A female servant.
Syn. Fiery; fervid; glowing: eager; House'-warm/ING, re.
Hor-ta'tion, m. [Lat. hortatio.] Act
A merryvehement; violent; furious; lewd.
of exhorting; advice.
making on entering a new house.
Hor'ta-tive, a. Giving exhortation. Hot'-Bed, re. A bed of earth covered House'wife (or huz'wif). re. 1. The
with glass, for raising early plants.
re.
A precept; exhortation.
mistress of a family.
2.
A little
GiviDg ex- IIOTCH'POTCH, re. [Fr. hochepot, fr.
H6r'ta-to-ry (50), a.
case for materials used in sewing, &c
hocher, to shake.] A confused mixt- House' wife-ry (or huz/wif-ry), re
[horticulture.
hortation or advice.
ure of ingredients.
Hor'ti-gult'ur-al, a. Relating to
Female management of domestic conHor'ti-cDlt'URE (53), re. [Lat. /tor- IIot'-cock/les (-kSk'lz), re. A play
cerns.
in which one cover3 his eyes, and Hous'lNG,re.
tus, garden, and cultura, culture.]
[From house, v. t.] 1
guesses who strikes him.
Art of cultivating gardens.
A saddle-cloth. 2. Act of putting
Hor'ti-gult'ur-ist, re. One who Hotel', re. [Fr. hotel, fr. Lat. hospiunder shelter.
talis.
See Hospital.] A public Hove, imp. of Heave.
practices the art of gardening.
house of some style or pretensions.
Hor'tus Sie'eus. [Lat., a dry
H6v'EL,re. [Cf. W. hogyl, hogl, hov
garden.] A collection of plants dried Hot'-head'ed, a. Of ardent pasel, A.-S. hof, house, cave, den.]
A
sions
vehement.
an herbarium.
for preservation
small, mean house.
v. t.
[-ED
Ho-s_an'nA, n. [Gr. uiaavva, fr. Heb. Hot'-house, re. A house kept warm
-ING, 147.] To put in a hovel.
to shelter tender plants from cold air. Hov'ER, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [W. ho
hdshiahnna, save now, save, we pray.]
Hot'LY, adv. 1. Ardently violentAn exclamation of praise to God
1. To hang flutter'
fian, hofiaw.]
ly.
2. Lustfully.
Hose, re. ; pi. hose. [A.-S.] 1. Closeing in the air, or upon the wing. 2
Hot'-press, v. t. [-El); -ING.] To
fitting breeches reaching to the knee.
To move to and fro in the neighbor
press between hot plates for giving a
3. A flexible pipe for
2. Stockings.
hood of.
smooth and glossy surface.
[in hose, &c.
conveying water.
How, adv. [A.-S. reft, rewft.] 1. Id
iiq'siER (ho'zher), re. One who deals Hot'spur, re. A man violent, paswhat way by what means. 2. 1c
sionate, and rash.
1. Business
Ho'sier-y ( -zher-), re.
what degree. 3. For what reasor
Hough (hok), re. [A.-S. hdh, ho.] 4. In what state.
of a hosier. 2. Stockings in general.
Joint on the hind leg of a quadruped,
HSs'PiCE (hos'pees), re. [Fr., fr. Lat.
JK3"~ How is used in each sense, inter
rogatively, interjectionaHy, and relativ*between the knee and fetlock.
v. t.
hospitium, hospitality.]
A convent
'y[ED -ING.] To disable by cutting
and place of refuge for travelers
[Compounded of
the sinews of the ham to hamstring. How-be'it, conj.
among the Alps, kept by monks.
hoiv, be, and it.]
Be it as it may
Hos'PI-TA-BLE, a.
[Lat. hospitalism Hound, re. [A.-S. hund, allied to Lat.
nevertheless.
canis Gr. kvojv, kvvqs-] A dog used
1. Kind to
from hospes, guest.]
How' DAK, n. [Hind. & Ar. haudah
for hunting.
v. t. [-ED
-INS-.] 1.
strangers and guests. 2. Proceeding
or haudadj.] A seat on the back of
To incite, as a hound, to pursuit. 2.
from, or indicating kindness to,
an elephant or camel, to ride in.
To incite or spur on.
[manner.
guests.
1. In whatever
Hos'pi-ta-BLY, adv. In a hospitable HOUR, (our), re. [Lat. hora, Gr. wpa.] How-ev'er, adv.
manner or degree. 2. At all events
2. Fixed or ap1.
Sixty minutes.
Hos'pi-tal. (76), re. [Lat. hospitalis,
conj.
at least.
Nevertheless not
pointed time conjuncture.
hospitalia, apartments for guests.] A
withstanding yet still though.
Hour'-glass (our'glas), re.
building for the sick or insane.
nevertheless
Syn.
At least
yet.
A glass instrument for
H6s'PI-tal-er, re. One of an order
However signifies that in whatever
measuring time.
of knights who built a hospital at
way a truth or fact may be viewed, cern.
(our'-),
Jerusalem, in A. D. 1042, for pilgrims. Hour'-hand
tain other facts are true, as "However,
The hand which shows the
Hos'pi-tal'I-ty, re. Act or practice
we shall perform our duty." At least
indicates the lowest estimate or conceshour on a time-piece.
of one who is hospitable.
sion, as, " This, at least, must be done."
Hos'PO-DAR',n. [O. Slav. & Russ. Hour'I (hour'y), re. [Ar. Hour-glass.
Nevertheless, denotes that though the
hftr, pi. of ahwar, beautigospodarj, lord, master.]
Title of a
concession be fully made, it has no effect
Turkish governor in Moldavia and
ful-eyed, black-eyed.]
A nymph of on the question, as, " Nevertheless, wc
Yet signifies that,
Wallachia.
paradise
so called by the Moham- . must go forward."
admitting every thing supposed down to
Host, re. 1. [Fr. koste, fr. Lat. hospes,
medans.
the present moment, the expected cona guest, a host.] One who entertains Hour'ly (ourT^), a.
Happening or
sequence can not be drawn, as, " Though
done every hour. adv. Every hour.
strangers a landlord. 2. [Lat. hoshe slay me, yet will I trust in him."
House, m. pi. hous/es. [A.-S. htis.] How'ITZ-ER (109), re. [Ger. haubitze.]
tis, enemy, L. Lat. army.] An army.
1. A building to live in
3. Any great number or multitude.
a dwelling.
A short, light cannon, for throwing
2. A household; afamily. 3. A race;
4. [Lat. hostia, sacrifice, victim.]
large projectiles with comparatively
a tribe. 4. A body of men united in a
(Rom. Cath. Church.) The consecratsmall charges.
legislative capacity. 5- ( Com.) A firm Howe, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [O, H. Ger,
ed wafer, in the celebration of mass.
or commercial establishment.
Hos'taGE, re. [L. Lat. hostagium,
hiuivilon, Gr. v\av.] To utter a loud,
hostaticum, as if contr. from a Lat. House (houz), v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
protracted, and mournful sound to

Horse '-race,

re.

HSrse'-rad'ish,

re.

OR, do,

wolf, too, TO^i

fJRN,

RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

c, G, soft;

,&,hard; A; EXIST;

tf

asNG;

Tfiis

H OWLET
wail. v.
outcry. n.

wolf, or other like sound.

Howl'et, n. [Equivalent to owlet,
dim. of owl.] An owl.

plying doubt.

wheel.
;

2.

lent; mild; compassionate; tender;

Hilt of a weapon.

n.

Whoop.]

[Cf.

uproar

tu-

ciful.

Hu-MANE'LY,

riot.

mer-

Kindly.

adv.

Hu-mXn'i-ta'ri-an, n.
One who
holds that Christ was merely a man.
table-cloths and towels.
Huck'LE-BER'ky, n. [Cf. whortle- Hu-man'i-ty, n. 1. Quality of being
human. 2. Mankind collectively. 3.
berry.]
A low branching shrub, and
Kindness benevolence. 4. pi. The
its small, black, edible berry.
branches
of polite learning; bellesHtJCK/STER, n. [From Eng. huck, to

Huck'a-bXck,

A kind

n.

of linen for

A retailer of
haggle. Cf. Hawk.]
small articles.
Hud'dle, v.i. [-ED; -ING.] [Ger.
To hurry in
hudeln, to bungle.]
v. t.
1. To
disorder; to crowd.
2. To put on or
hurry and slight.
n.
A
do in haste or roughly.
crowd; tumult; confusion.
Hu'di-bras'tic, a. Similar in manner to Hudibras, the hero of a burlesque poem
hence, in the style of
doggerel poetry.

HUE,n.

1.

[A. -S. hiw,hiow,.appear-

ance, form, color.] Color tint dye.

2. [Norm. Fr.]
A shouting.
IltJFF, n.
[See infra.] 1. A fit of disappointment and anger. 2. A boastv.t. [-ed; -ING-.] [A modif.
er.
of 0. Eng. hoove, equiv. to heave.]
1. To swell
to puff up. 2. To treat
v. i.
1.
with insolence to bully.
To dilate to swell up. 2. To bluster.
HOff'ish, a. Arrogant.
Huff'y, a. Puffed up arrogant.
;

Hug,

v.

[-ged -ging.]

t.

[A.-S. hc-

gan, higian, to wall

in, guard.
See
clasp to the bosom.
2. To hold fast
to treat with fondness. 3. (Naut.) To keep close to.

Hedge.]

To

1.

n.

A close embrace.
a.
[-er; -est.] [See High.]
Very large or great monstrous.
2. Extended
carried to a high deHuGE'LY, adv. Immensely.
[gree.
HUG'GER-MUG'GER, n. [Prov. Eng.

Huge,
1.

hugger, to lurk, mug, fog, muggard,

sullen.]
Privacy secrecy.
;

Hu'gue-not
Hugo, a
this

(hu'ge-), n.
[Fr.,from
heretic and conspirator of

name.]

A French

Protestant of

the sixteenth century.

Hulk,

n.
[A.-S. hulce, a swift ship,
Body of an old ship.
n. [A.-S. hule, hulu, hard shell,
hull, or crust h'c'lan, to conceal.] 1.
fr.

Gr. oA/casJ

Hull,

lettres.

Hu'man-Tze,
render

fluids of animal bodies. 2. (Med.){a.\

A morbid animal fluid. {b.) An
eruptive affection of the skin.
3.

mind disposition temper.

Quality of the imagination which
tends to excite mirth by ludicrous
images.
Wit; satire pleasantry temSyn.
per disposition; mood; frame; whim;
fancy; caprice. See Wit.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.]' 1. To indnlrp
by gentle and skillful adaptation.
2. To help on by indulgence.
Syn.
See Gratify.
Hu'MOR-AL (or yu/mur-al), a. Pertaining to the humors.
Hu'MOR-tsT (or yp/mur-), n. 1. One
who has some strong peculiarity of
character, which he indulges in odd
ways. 2. A wag a droll.
HU'MOR-OUS (or yp/mur-), a. Full of
humor; exciting laughter.
State of

4.

Be[Lat. humanus ]
[Compounded Hu'MAN, a.
longing to man or mankind.
of how, so, and ever.] In what manHu-MANE', a. [See HUMAN.] Havner soever
to whatever degree
ing the feelings and dispositions
however.
proper to man, and a disposition to
Hoy, n. [D. & Fr. heu.] A small coasttreat others with kindness.
ing vessel for passengers and goods.
Hub, n. 1. Central part or nave of a
Syn. Kind; sympathizing; benevo-

mult

HUNT

n.
1.
To sing with shut mouth.
Noise of bees in flight, or any buzAn
imposition.
2.
zing sound.
interj.
A sound with a pause, im-

dow'so-EV'ER, adv.

Hub'bOb,

206

To utter or speak with

The cry of a dog or

t.

v.

[-ed; -ING.]

t.

To

Syn.

Jocose

jocular; playful witty

;

human or humane.
pleasant; merry; cspricious; whimsical.
adv. In a human man- Hu'MOR-s6me (or yp/mur-), a. In-

Hu'man-ly,
ner

after the

HOm'ble

manner
[-er

(76), a.

of men.
;

-est.] [Lat.

humilis, on the ground, low

humus,
2. Mod-

ground.] 1. Low; mean.

[-ed
lowly
est
meek.
v. t.
-ING.] 1. To bring low. 2. To abase
the pride of.
Syn. To lower; depress; humiliate;
;

disgrace; degrade; sink.

IIDm'ble-bee,

n. [Piob. from hum.]

large, hairy bee, of a black color.

fluenced by humor.
[Prob. allied to Lat. umbo,
n.
any convex elevation.] A protuberance a bunch a hunch.
HOmp'bXck, n. 1. A crooked back

Hump,

A humpbacked person.
Hunch (66), n. [Ger. hucke,
2.

hocke,

back, bunch, with n inserted.] 1. A

a protuberance. 2. A thick
v. t.
piece; a hunk. 3. A push.
1. To push with the
[-ED -ING.]
2. To
elbow or with a sudden jerk.
crook, as the back.

hump

IIUM'ELY, adv.

With humility.
Hum'bug, n. [Prob. fr. hum, to deceive, and bug, a bugbear.] [Colloq.]
1. A piece of trickery.
2. One who
deceives or hoaxes.
v.t. [-GED
-GING.] To deceive ; to impose on.
Hum'drOm, a. [Prob. fr. hum and
drum, for drone.] Dull stupid.
Hu'MER-AL, a. [Lat. humerus, shoulder.] Belonging to the shoulder.
;

HU'MID,

a.

[Lat. humidus.]

moist.

Damp

[ness.

Moisture; dampHu-MID'I-TY, n.
HU-MIL'I-ATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. humiliare, -atum.]
To humble

to depress

to abase.

HU-MfL'l-A'TiON, n.
1. Act of humiliating; abasement of pride. 2.
State of being humiliated.

Hu-MlL'I-TY,n.
Syn.

Modesty

diffidence.

n. A humpback.
[A.-S. hund, hundred,

hundred, century.]

1.

Diffi-

is

Ten times

division or part of a counten. 2.

ty in England.
Hundred-weight, a denomination of
weight containing 112 pounds avoirdu-

but sometimes 100 pounds.

Ten times ten ninety and ten.

pois,

a.

HOn'dredth

(108), a.

1.

Next

fol-

lowing in order the ninety-ninth.

2. Forming one of a hundred parts
One of a hunn.
of one whole.
dred equal parts of one whole.
Hung, imp. & p. p. of Hang.
HUNG'-BEEF, n. Fleshy part of beef
slightly salted and hung up to dry.
craving
1.
[A.-S.]
n.
2. Any strong desire.
for food.
-ING.] 1. To crave food.
v. i. [-ED
[ner.
2. To long for.

HOn/ger,

Lowliness of mind.

a distrust of one's powers, and,

as it may be carried too tar, is not always
(like modesty and humility) a virtue
modesty, without supposing self-distrust,
implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all
over-confidence in our own powers: humility consists in rating our claims low,
in being willing to waive our rights, and
take a lower place than might be our
due. It does not require us to underrate
dence

Hunch'back,
HUN'DRED,n.

Hun'gri-LY, adv. In a hungry man-

HOn'gry,

a.

[-er; -est, 142.]

1.

Feeling hunger having a keen appehence, having an eager desire.

tite
2. Not fertile; poor; barren.
;

Hunk, n. A large piece a hunch.

HUNK'ER, n. One opposed to prog;

a conservative. [Amer.]
Hum'ming-bIrd, n. A very small HUNKS, n. [Prov. Eng. hunk, hunch.]
A miser a niggard.
-ING.]
1. To strip off the hull or
bird remarkable for the swift motion
HUNT, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S. hun.
hulls of. 2. To pierce the hull of, as
and noise of its wings in flight.
1. To follow after, as game;
tian.]
of a ship.
HiJM'MOCK, n. [Prob. an Ind. word.]
v.i. 1.
2. To pursue.
2.
to chase.
Hum, v.i. [-med;-ming.] [Ger. hum1. A rounded knoll or hillock.
To follow the chase. 2. To search.
men.]
1. To make a dull, nasal
A pile of ice on an ice-field.
1. Chase; pursuit; search.
n.
sound, like that of a bee to drone
Hu'MOR {or yp/mur, 76), n. [Lat.,fr.
2. An association of huntsmen.
to murmur. 2. To mumble.
v. t.
humere, to be moist.] 1. Moisture or
Outer covering of any thing
2. Frame of a vessel.
v.t.

husk.
[-ED

ress

ourselves.

A, E,

I,

6,u, Y,long; l,Z

l}

d,tj, Y, short;

cAre, far, ask, all,

what

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; s6n,

HUNTER

HYGROMETER

207

[-ED;
v. t.
of certain fruits.
a
ESnt'ER, n.
-ING.] To strip off the external covhuntsman. 2. A dog cr ahorse used
ering
of.
having
the
watch
3.
A
in the chase.
1. State of being
crystal protected by a metallic cover. Husk'I-NESS, n.
husky. 2. Harshness; hoarseness.
II&NT'RESS, n. A female hunter.
H&nts'man (150), n. 1. One -who HUSK'ING, n. 1. Act of stripping off
husks.
2. A meeting of neighbors
2. A servant whose office it
hunts.
to assist in husking.
is to manage the chase.
1. Abounding with husks.
Husk'y,
a.
textkyrdel.]
A
[A.-S.
HOr'dle, n.
hoarse.
2. Rough in tone
ure of twigs a er^te.
[Hung, hus(hobz-z'Ar'),
n.
Hys-<iR'
instringed
n.
A
HOr'DY-gur'DY,
zeb-~from husz, twenty, because every
strument of music.
one
furnish
were
to
houses
twenty
-ING.]
[Perh.
only
H0rl,i\*. [-ed;
horse soldier.] One of the light cavTo throw with
a modif. of whirl.]
armies.
European
alry
of
hurling
a
Act of
n.
violence.
Hus/Y, n. [Contracted from huswife,
fling.

One who

1.

hirsts

H0R'LY-BUR LY,n. Tumult

/

bustle

An

housewife.]
;

ill-behaved

woman

a jade.

confusion.

principles of dynamics, as applied to

water and other

fluids.

Hy'DRO-GEN,

[Gr. vScop, water,

n.
and yeVetv, to beget.] An inflammable gas, one of the elements of water.

Hy'dro-gen-ate,
Hy'dro-gen-ize,
Hy-drog'e-noDs,

v.

To combine

t.

with hydrogen.

Pertaining to

a.

or containing, hydrogen.

Hy-drog'ra-pher, ii. One who practices

hydrography.

Hy/dro-grXph'ic,
Hy'dro-graph'ic-al,

Relating

a.

to hydrog-

raphy.

Hy-drog'ra-phy,

n. [Gr v'Swp, water, and ypd<f)eiv, to describe.] Measurement and description of the sea,
lakes, rivers, and other waters, or of

forming charts of the same.

[A.-S. husting,
Huzza! a shout HiJS'TlNGS, it. pi.
HUR-RA', )interj.
Place where the Hy-drol/o-gy, 7i. [Gr. iiSwp. water,
place of council. ]
of joy or exultation.
Hur-rah',
Science of
and
Aoyos, discourse.]
Parliament
of
member
election
of
a
HUR'RI-CANE, n. [ACarib word.] A
water, its properties, laws, &c.
is held hence, the platform on which
violent storm, characterized by the
[Lat.,
fr.
Gr.
Hi''DRO-MEL,
n.
vSpo/j-estand.
candidates
extreme fury of the wind and its sudAi, fr. vS<ap, water, and /u.eAi, honey.]
HOs'TLE (huVl), v. t. [-ed; -ING.]
den changes.
consisting
of
honey
diluted
liquor
A
shake.]
To
hut
to
hutselen,
sen.
[D.
Hurricane deck, upper deck of steamj

in water.

handle roughly.

boats.

HUR'RY,

-ING, 142.]
[-ED
v. t.
To
[Ger. hurren, to move hastily.]
hasten to urge onward.
Stx.
To precipitate ; expedite
;

quicken; accelerate.
v. i. To move or act with haste.
Act of driving or pressing for7i.

Hastes

speed; dispatch; expe-

dition ; pressure
tion ; bustle.
v.

urgency

[imp.

t.

p.pr.&vb.

&

precipita-

p. p.

hurt;

hurting.]
1. To wound
[A.-S.

n.

wounded.]

hyrl, hurt,

or bruise painfully. 2. To damage

3. To annoy
to injure to harm.
1. A physical injury
n.
to grieve.
2. Damage; detricausing pain.
;

huVwif),

or

A female house-

keeper.

Hut,

[0.

7i.

house,

H. Ger. hutta.]
or

hovel,

[-TED

To

-TING.]

cabin.
place in

[Cf. A.-S.

hwecca, chest.]

A chest, box, or coop.

HUZ-ZA',
Hurrah

shout of joy.

interj.

an expression of joy or
[-edj-ing.] To
exultation.
v. i.
utter a loud shout of joy.
Hy'a-cInth, n. [Gr. vclkivBos.] 1. A
bulbous plant with beautiful flowers.
;

A red gem.
;

Hf'BRlD,

Syn. Pernicious; baneful; prejudidisadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome.

Hurt'eul-ly, adv. Injuriously.
cial;

HUR'TLE,
clash

v.

[Dim. of hurt.)

i.

to jostle.

2.

To move

1.

To

rapid-

ly ; to skirmish. 3. To make a clashing, terrifying, or threatening sound.

HUR'TEE-BER'RY, n.
[A.-S. htortberie,

i.

e.,

hart-berry .'\

Same

as

HUCKLEBERRY.
Hug'BANB,

n.

[A.-S. h&sbonda, mas-

and

or

HYB'RID,

n.

[Lat.

of treating diseases by the use of

pure water.

Hy'dro-pho'bi-a,
/3ia; vSutp,

nine.madness.

[Gr.

vSpo<po-

<j>6/3o?,

fear.]

dread of water ca[nine madness.

;

Hy/dro-ph6b'ic, a. Relating to ca[See Dropsy.]

hy- Hy-brop'ic-al, a.

1. Dropsical. 2. Resembling dropsy.

A mongrel animal or plant.
a.
[Gr. vSwp,
Produced from the mixture of Hy'DRO-stIt'ic,
Hy'DRO-stXT'IC-AL, f water, and
two species mongrel.

brida.]

a.

Hy'drA,

[Gr. vSpa, vS<op, water.]

n.
1. i(Myth.)

causing to stand, skilled in

weighing.] Relating to hydrostatics.

o-to.tik.6s,

water-serpent having
A multifarious evil. Hy'dro-stat'ics, n. sing. Science
which relates to the pressure and
[Gr. vS<ap, water,
n.
A genu3 of equilibrium of non-elastic fluids, as
and ayyelov, vessel.]
plants bearing showy flowers.
water, mercury, &c.
[tery.
Hy'drant, n. A pipe at which water Hy'drous, a. Containing water wamay be drawn from the mains of an HY-E'MAL, a. [Lat. hyemalis, from
aqueduct.
hyems, or hiems, winter.] Belonging

many

heads.

2.

H\ -DRAN'GE-A,
r

mammal

n.

water, and

A preternatural

Ais, a water-organ.]
Pertaining to
hydraulics, or to fluids in motion.
Hy-drau'lics, n. sing. Science which
treats of fluids in motion.

a Cultivator of the ground.

n.
1. Care of domestillage.
tic affairs.
2. Agriculture
Hush, a. [An onomatopoetic word.]
Silent; still.
[-ed -in&.]
v. t.
1. To still
to silence.
2. To calm,
as commotion.
To be still;
v. i.
to be silent.
[silence.

One who prac-

hydropathy.

tices

Hy-drop'a-thy, n. [Gr. vSwp, water, and Trd0o<?, suffering.]

A mode

hy&na, Gr. vatva, orig. a sow.]

HOs'BAND-RY,

HY-DROP'A-THi'ST,

water with some other substance.

Hy-drau'lic,
a.
[Gr. UpavXtHY-DRAU'LIC-AL,
K05, from vfipav-

A farmer;

in-

thy.

Hy'drate, n. [Gr. vScop, water.] A

to winter.
compound formed by the union of Hy-e'na, n.

frugality.
Hus'band-man (150), n.

wa-

An

thence the strength, of liquids.

a. Pertaining
to hydropa)

Hy/dro-path'I,

manage with

t.

[Gr. iiSwp,

measure.]

gravities

ter of the house.]

A married man.

[-ed; -ING.] Todirectand

v.

n.

fj-erpov,

HY'DRO-PATHTe-AL,

Pertaining to
Hy-'A-cInth'INE, a.
hyacinth
of a violet, purple, or
ment.
brown color.
Syn. Wound; bruise; injury; harm. HY'A-LlNE, a. [Gr. vdXivos, fr. vaAos,
Glassy crystalline.
glass.]
Hurt'ful, a. Tending to impair or
destroy.

ter,

and strength of liquids.

v. t. Hy-drom'e-try, n. The art of determining the specific gravity, and
huts,

small

as troops.

2.

Hy-drom/e-ter,

strument for determining the specific

HUTCH, n.

ward.
Syn.

Hurt,

HtJs'wiFE (huVzif
[From house-wife.]

Hy'dro-ceph'a-lus,
Ke'^aAos,

fr.

n.

vScop, water,

[Gr. vSpo-

and

/ce^aArj,

Dropsv of the brain.

head.]

[Lat.

carnivorous
of Asia

and

Africa,

al-

mmm

J^^

'

-**~'

lied to the dog.

Hy'GI-ene>,

Hyena*

n.

Hygiea, the goddess of health.

That department of medical science
which treats of the preservation of
[Lat.

Hush'-m6n'EY. n. A bribe to secure HY'DRO-DY-NXM're, a.

health.
Pertaining
Husk, n. [0. H. Oer. hulsa, from hcHY-GROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. vypos, wet,
to the force or pressure of water.
Ac
lan, to conceal.] External covering Hy'dro-dy-nXm'ics, n. sing.
moist, and fieTpov, measure.]
The
OR, DO,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK, URN, RUE, PULL ,

J

I, O, silent

9,G,5P/i,-

CjG./kWd/

AS,

EIST

as

K&

;.,

HYGROMETRIC
Hy/gro-MET'RI,
Hy/gro-met'ric-al,
according

a.

Pertaining to, or

the hygrometer.
Determination
n.
of the humidity of the atmosphere.
to,

Hy-grom'e-TRY,

Hy'men,

n. [Lat.] 1. The god of marriage and nuptial solemnities. 2. The

virginal membrane.
Hy'men-e'al, {a. Pertaining to marHy'MEN-e'an, j riage or a wedding
marriage song.
nuptial.
n.
(him), n. [Gr. vp.vo?.] A song
of praise a sacred lyric v. t. [-ED

Hymn

-ING.] To worship by singing hymns.

HYM'NI, a. Relating to hymns.

HYM-NOL/O-GY,

n. [Gr. v/xvos

hymn

Aiyos, discourse. 1 1. A body or

collection of hymns.
2. Science pertaining to hymns
a treatise on

and

hymns.
Hyp, n.
choly.

v.

melan-

To make melancholy.

t.

HY-PER'BO-LA,
/3oA.tj,

[Contr. of hypochondria.']

morbid depression of spirits

n. [Gr. virep-

overshooting, excess.]

State of an organ in which, from increased nutrition, its bulk is aug-

mented.

HY'PHEN,

curve formed by a section

of a cone, when the cutting-plane makes a greater
angle with the base than the
side of the cone makes.

[Gr. v<peV, for

n.

ixp' eV,

under one, into one, together.] A

mark, thus [-], used to connect syllables or compound words.
HYP'NO-TISM, n. [Gr. vnvovv,

to lull

to sleep, fr. vnvos, sleep.]

A kind of
mesmeric sleep or somnambulism.
Hyp-'o-h5n'dri-A, n. A mental disorder, in which one is tormented by
melancholy and gloomy views.

HYP'O-OHON'DRI-Ae,

To

rity.]

a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer

of title.

Hy-poth'e-ca'tion, or Hy-poth'E-CA'TION, n. 1. Act or contract

by which property is hypothecated.
A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the
necessities of a ship, the vessel,
freight, or cargo is made liable for
2.

its

repayment.

IlY-POTH'E-NUSE, or

ochondi-ia.

[Gr. V7r60ecrts, fr. viroriBivai, to place

under.]
A supposition somethii g
not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument.
HY'PO-THET'IC, or IlYP'O-THET'
I, HY'PO-THET'I-AL, or IlYP'OTHET'l-AL, a. Characterized by
a hypothesis; conditional.
HY'PO-THET'le-AL-EY, or HYP'Othet'I-al-ly, adv.
Condition-

HypJo-h6n'dri-um,
HYP' 0-HON'DRI-A.

n. ;
pi.
[Gr. vno-

vno\ov8pi6<; , under the

cartilage of the breast-bone.] That
part of the cavity of the abdomen
which, on either side, is beneath the
cartilages of the false ribs.
Hy-PO'ri-sy, n. [Gr. vTroKpiois, simulation outward show. ] Act or practice of a hypocrite
dissimulation.
HYP'o-RlTE, n.
false pretender
to virtue or piety.
Hyp'o-orIt'io,
Belonging to
a.
\

XovSptov,

fr.

Hyp'o-crit'I-AL,

n.
[See su- Hyperbola
figure of speech

support, pledge, secusubject, as property, to lia-

i7ro07j/o),

a.
1. Pertaining to the hypochondrium.
2. Affected by hypochondria, or low spirits.
n. A person affected with hyp-

Hy-PER'BO-le,

[Gr.

bility for

IBEX

208

instrument for measuring the moisture of the atmosphere.

hypocrite;

exhibiting hypocrisy.

NusE,n.

See

IlY-POTH'E-

Hypotenuse.

Hy-poth'e-sis, or IIy-poth'e-sIs,
n.;

pi.

HY-poth'e-sls

(hi- or hi-).

ally.

Hy'son,

n. [Chin, hi-lshvn, i. e., lit.,

crop.] A fragrant species of

first

green tea.

Hys'sop

(hls'sup or hl'zup), n.
[Gr.
plant, the leaves of

va-o-toiros.]

Hyp'O-crit'ic-AL-LY, adv.
In a
which are aromatic and pungent.
which expresses more or less than
hypocritical manner.
HYS-TE'RI-A, n. [Gr. to. vaTepma. (sc.
the truth exaggeration.
Hy-pos'ta-sis, or HY-Pos'TA-sYs,n. ;
naQi)), fr. ii crrepa, womb.] A nervous
Hy'per-b6i/I,
pi. HY-:k5s'TA-SEg (hy- or h.v-). [Gr.
1. Belongaffection, marked by alternate fits of
a.
HY/pER-Boi/re-AL, ] ing to the hylaughing and crying, with a sensa
v7roora.o-is, subsistence, substance.]
pra.]

perbola. 2. Relating to, or containing, hyperbole.

Ky'per-bo're-an

(89, 124), a.

[Gr.

beyond Bothe extreme north.]

v7repj86peos, ti7rp/36peios,

reas,

i.

e.,

in

Substance or subsistence.

tion of strangulation.

Hy'po-stXt'i^, Hy'po-stXt'io-al, Hys-ter'I,

or Hyp'o-stat'io, Hyp'o-stat'I- Hys-ter'ic-al,

al

Relating to hypostasis, or substance

hence, constituDistinctly
tive, or elementary.
2.
(110), a.

1.

Northern arctic frigid.

HY'PER-eRlT're, n. [Gr. vnep, over,
personal.
beyond, and /cptrt/cos, critical.] One Hy-pot'e-nuse, or Hywho is critical beyond reason a cappot'e-nuse, n.
[Gr.
tious censor.
v7rOTetvovcra, subtending
Hy/per-RIT'1,
) a.
Critical be(sc ypa.p.p.r\), from vno,
Hy/per-RIT'I-AL, )
under, and reiveiv, to
yond use or
reason
[or of criticism
stretch.] Longest side of
Hy/per-RPT'i-cTsm, n. Excessive riga, right-angled triangle.
;

a.

Of, or pertain
ing to, hysterics \

convulsive.

Hys-ter'IS,
TERIA.

(Med.) See

Hys

pr 6 t'e-r on,

n. pi.

Hys' te-r on-

[Gr. vcrrepos, the latter, following,

irporepos, before others.] (Rhet.)
figure in which the word that
(a.)

and

should follow comes first,

inversion of logical order.

(b.)

Ai

HYS'TER-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. vore'pa,

Womb, and to/utj, a cutting.] Th

HY-PER'TRO-PHY,ra. [Gr. vwep, over, Hy-poth'e-cate, or Hybeyond, and rpofyr), nourishment.]

POTH'E-ATE, V, t. [-EDJ -ING]

operation of cutting into the uterus,

for taking out a fetus.

I.
letter, and the third I-XM'BI,
) a.
[Gr. Iap;j3iKo?, Lat. I-AM^BUS, n.; Lat. pi. i-AM'Bi; Emi
vowel, of the English alphabet, I-Am'bi-al,
iambicus.) 1. Conpi. I-AM'BUS-E. [Lat. Gr. iap./3os-]
has two principal sounds the long
(Pros.) A foot consisting of a short or an unaccented
riound, as in pine, fine, ice ; and the
sisting of a short
syllable followed by a long or an acBhort sound, as in pin, fin gift. See
syllable followed
2.
Pertaining to, or
cented one.
Prin. of Pron. 15-18, 48, 49.
by a long one, or of
I
composed of, iambics.
andJ were formerly regarded as the I-AM'BIC, n. (Pros.) 1. A foot of two
an unaccented syl-

1(1), the ninth

I,

same character.
pron. [A -S. it, Goth, ik, N. H. Ger.
ich; allied to Lat. ego.]
The nominative case of the pronoun of the
first person
the word which expresses one's self.
;

I, E, I, 6,

fj,

and the second long, or the first unaccented, and

syllables, the first short

accented.
2.
A verse
composed of short and long, or of
the

second

accented and unaccented, syllables

alternately.

8.

satirical

,long; X,,i, 6,0, y, short; cAre, fXr, ask, all,

poem.

lable

followed

by

an accented one.
I'BEX, n. [Lat.] A
species

of

found in the

goat,
Alps'"

and other moun-

what; ere,

veil,

Ibex.

term; pique, fIrm;

son,

IBIS

I'BIS, n.

[Gr.

bird which was

garded

i/Sis-]

re-

affected with, or good

Pertaining to,
against, the jaundice.
I'CY, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] Pertaining to, or abounding in, ice cold.
;

ancient

in

IGNIS-FATUUS

209

tainous parts of Europe, having long

recurved horns.

I-PE'A,

Egypt with a degree

1.

/i.

[Gr. I8ea,

to see.]

fr. ISelv,

Image or picture of any

object

whatever, whether sensible or spiritual.

2.
A notion, conception, or

of respect bordering
on adoration.
ICE, n. [A.-S. & Icel.
is; Goth, eisan, to,

iD'l-o-PATH'ie, a. Pertaining to a
disease not preceded and occasioned
by any other disease.

IDI-OP'A-THY,

[Gr. LSioirafleca, fr.

irdBos, suffering.]

n.

and

iSios. peculiar,

A morbid

condition not preceded and

occasioned by any other disease.

lD'I-0-SYN'RA-SY,

[Gr. iSiocrvj/-

71.

on the ocean.
bright appearance
near the horizon, occasioned by the
reflection of light from ice out of

3. A belief, doctrine, or
Kpaa-ia, fr. i'5tos, peculiar, and <rvyopinion. 4. Complete conception of
Kpcujis, a mixing together.] A peculan object when thought of in its
iarity of constitution and susceptibility.
necessary elements or constituents.
I-de'al, n. A conception proposed Id'i-ot, n. [Gr. iSiwttjs, a private,
by the mind for imitation, realizauneducated, ignorant, ill-informed
tion, or attainment.
a.
Existing
person.] A natural fool a simplein idea or thought.
ton.
) a. Relating to, or like,
mental vision- iD'i-OT'ie,
Syn.
Intellectual
Id'i-6t'I-AL,, )
an idiot foolish.
ary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal.
I-DE'AL-isM, n. The doctrine that we J'DLE,a. [-ER; -EST.] [A.-S. id el.]
2. Inact1.
unprofitable.
Useless
have no rational grounds to believe
3. Averse to
ive; doing nothing.
in the reality of any thing but ideas
employment.
labor
or
and their relations.

sight.

T-de'al-Ist, n.

thought.

'

shine.]

1.

Water in
Ibis.

asolid state. 2. Concreted sugar.

v. t.
[-ED
-ING ]
1. To cover with ice
to convert into
2. To cover with
ice.
concreted
sugar to frost. 3. To freeze.

ICE'BERG, n. [Ger. eisberg, from eis,

ice, and berg, mountain.]
A mountain of ice floating

Ice'-blink,

n.

A believer in idealism.
A lively imagina-

Ice'-cream, n. Cream or milk, sweet- I'de-al'1-ty, n.

ened, flavored, and congealed by a
tion, united to a
freezing mixture.
[ing ice.
Ice'-fl,oe, n. A large mass of float-

I^E'-HOUSE,

n.

place for preserv-

warm

ing ice during

weather.

Ien-NEU'MON,

n.
i^veu/xa>v,

[Gr.

love of the beautiful.

T-DE'AL-IZE, v. t. [-ED -ING.] To

give an ideal form or value to.
I-DEN'TI-AL, n.
[Lat. idem, the
same.]
1. The same; not different.
;

2. Uttering the same truth.

I-DEN'Tre-AE-LY, adv. In an iden-

the tracker, be-

tical

cause it hunts
out the eggs of
Ichneumon.
the
crocodile.]
A carnivorous animal which inhabits
Egypt, and is very destructive to the
eggs of the crocodile.

lH-NOG'RA-PHY,

n. [Gr. l X voypa<}>Ca,
txvos, track, footstep, and ypdfyeiv, to describe.]
horizontal secfr.

manner

[tifying.
._

I-den/ti-fi-CA'TION, n. Act of idenI-DEN'TI-FY, V. t. [-EDJ -ING, 142.]

[From Lat. idem, the same, and facere, to make.]
1. To treat as being
2. To determine
one and the same.
v.i.
or establish the identity of.
To become the same to coalesce in
;

interest, use, effect, &c.

n.
State of

I-den'ti-ty,

being iden-

Syn.
Indolent; lazy.
Indolent denotes an habitual love of ease, a settled
dislike of movement oreffort idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of
continuous exertion. An idle person may
be active in his way, but is reluctant to
force himself to what he does not like.
Lazy is only a stronger and more con;

temptuous term

v.

for indolent.

To spend

t.

I'DLE-NESS,
Syn.
ness

in idleness

to

[of being idle.

Condition or quality

waste.
n.

Inaction;

indolence; sluggish-

sloth; laziness.

I'DLER,

One who

n.

idles

son,

a lazy
[ly

per-

lazily.

I'dly, adv. In an idle manner vainI'DOL, n. [Gr. euSwAoi'jfr. elfios, form,

figure.]
1. An image made an ob;

ject of worship.

2.

Any

thing loved

to excess.
sameness.
tical, or the same
I-doi/A-ter, n. 1. A worshiper of
1-de'o-graph'io
H110), a. [Gr.
idols a pagan.
2. A great admirer.
I'HOR (Pkor), n. [Gr. ixwp-] 1. A I-DE'O-GRAPH'ie-AL )
Idea,
idea,
fluid that supplied the place of blood
and ypd<peiv, to write.] Represent- I-DOI/A-TRESS, n, A female worshipidols.
er
of
in the veins of the gods.
2. Coloring an idea, without reference to the
less matter flowing from an ulcer.
name given to it, as by means of fig- I-Doz/A-TRotJS, a. Pertaining to, or
partaking of the nature of, idolatry.
I'HOR-ous, a. Resembling ichor.
ures or symbols.
I-dol'a-try, n. 1. Worship of idols.
lH'THY-OL'0-fiY, n.
[Gr. ix0u?, I'de-og'ra-phy, n.
Science of rep2.
Excessive attachment or venerafish, and Aoyos, discourse.]
Science
resenting ideas in an ideographic

tion of a building or other object

ground-plan.

<

of the systematic arrangement

classification of fishes.

or

I'ci-cle

(I'si-kl), n. [A.-S. isgictl, or

isfs-gicel, fr. is, ice, and gicel, icicle.]

A pendent, conical mas3 of ice.

I'gi-NESS, n. State of being icy.
I'^ING, n.
A covering of concreted
sugar frosting.
I-GON'O-OLAST, n.
[Gr. elKovoKkdottjs, from eucutv, image, and *cAa<mjs,
a breaker. ] A destroyer of images or
;

idols.

[ages.

I-ON/o-lXst'I,

a.

Breaking im-

^ON-OG'RA-PHY,

n.

[Gr. elicovoypa.-

<pia, fr. elx<tiv,

an image, and

ypd<f>eiv,

to describe.] The description of ancient images or representations.

JeO-SA-HE'DRON, n.
[Gr. eiKOO-l,

twenty, and eSpa, seat, base.] A regular solid, consisting of twenty equal
and similar triangular pyramids
whose vertices meet in the center of
a sphere supposed to circumscribe it.

l-TER'i,
Te-TER'IC-AL,

a.

[Gr. iK-rc-piKos, fr.

iKTepos, jaundice.]

OR, DO, WOLF, TOO,

TOOK;
14

fJRN,

tion.
manner, as in short-hand writing.
Ide, n. pi. [Lat. idus.] (Anc. Rom. I'DOL-IZE,,V. t. [-EDJ-ING.] 1. To
make an idol of.
2. To love or revCalendar.)
The fifteenth day of
erence to adoration.
March, May, July, and October,
I'DYL,
Il>'YL,
or
n.
[Gr. eiovAAiof,
and the thirteenth day of the other
dim. of slSos, form .] A short pastoral
months.

ID'I-6'RA-SY, n. [Gr. iStos, peculiar,

and Kpacris, mixture.]
Peculiarity
of constitution idiosyncrasy.
Id'i-o-CY, n.
[See Idiot.] Condition of being idiotic.
Id'i-om, n.
[Gr. iSliOfjLa, from iSios,
proper, peculiar.]
1.
A peculiar
mode of expression. 2. Peculiar form
or variety of language.
;

Syn. Dialect. The idioms of a language belong to its very structure ; its
dialects are varieties of expression inrafted upon it in different localities or
f y different professions. Each county of
England has some peculiarities of dialect, and so have most of the professions,
while the great idioms of the language
are every where the same.
Id/i-o-MAT'ic,
1 a.
Peculiar to a

iDa-o-MAT'IC-A^,

RUE, PTJLL

JS, /,

C, silent

language.
;

poem also an elevated narrative or

descriptive poem.
IF, v. t., but commonly called a conj.
1. In case
[0. Eng. and A.-S. gif.]
that granting, allowing, or supposing that, 2. Whether.
IG'NE-Otfs, a. [Lat. igneus, fr. ignis,
fire.]
1. Pertaining to, or consisting
of, fire.
2. .( Geol.) Resulting from
the action of fire.
;

IG-NIF'ER-Otfs,
ignis,

fire,

Producing

[Lat. ignifer, fr.

ferre, to produce.

a.

and
fire.

IG-Nip'o-TENT, a. [Lat. ignipotens,

fr. ignis, fire, and potens, powerful.]
Presiding

over

fire.

l0 JVTS-FA T' V- &S

f

,
71. ; pi.
iG'NEg[Lat. ignis, fire, and fatfoolish ;
from its misleading

fAt'TT-I
uus,

Q,&,S0/t, , 5, hard; A; EIST;

N.

as

ng; this.

IGNITE
A

travelers.]

Capable of boing

Il'la-tive,

dle, or set
fire.

a.

depravity

the night, over marshy grounds.

v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To kinon fire.
v. i.
To take

IG-nite'.

IG-NIT'IBLE,

IMAGINATION

210
adv. 1. Not
iniquity.
not well.
2. Not rightly
easily.
IL-LA'TION, it. [Lat. illatio, from inInferferre, itlatum, to bring in.]

light that appears, in

ence

deduction

a.

n.

inferential.

ignited.

Ig-ni'tion (ig-nlsh'un),

n.

Act of

1.

conclusion.
Relating to illation

An

illative parti[lite

Il-lO'mi-na'tion,

n.
1. Act of illu2. Festive decoration of
buildings with lights-. 3. Adornment
of books, &c. with colored illustrations. 4. That which is illuminated,
as a house also, an ornamented book
or manuscript. 5. Brightness; splendor
[adorn.
Il-lu'mIne, v. t. To illuminate to

minating.

cle,

supply with light. 2. To light up, as

a building. 3. To adorn with colored
decorations or illustrations.

uncivil.

Ill'-bred, a. Not well-bred impoigniting.

2. State of being ignited.
IG-NO'BLE, a. [Lat. ignobiiis, fir. in, Il-le'gal, a. Contrary to law unlawful illicit.
1. Of low
not, and nobilis, noble.]
worth- IL'le-gal'1-ty, n. Unlawfulness.
2. Mean
birth or family.
lL-LE'GAL-LY, adv. Unlawfully.
IL-LU'SION,
3. Not honorable, or generous.
less.

Syn. Degenerate

Il-leg'i-bil'i-ty, n. Quality of being

degraded; base;

dishonorable; reproachful; disgraceful

shameful; scandalous; infamous.

Il-leg'i-ble, a. Incapable of being

Il-leg'i-bly, adv. In a manner not

In an ignoble man-

Ig-no'bly, adv.
ner.

to be read.

IG'NO-MIN'I-OUS,
public disgrace
ful.

[read.

illegible.

a.

Incurring

1.

infamous

Deserving ignominy

2.

shamedespi-

cable.

[illegitimate.

lL'LE-GlT'l-MA-CY,n. State of being

1.
IL-'LE-GIT'I-MATE (45), a.
Not
regular or authorized
Born out of wedlock.

unlawful.

3.

2.

Illogical.
;

n.

pi.

n.

An

Unacquainted

2.

unaware.

resulting
Displaying ignorance
from ignorance.
Ignorant
denotes
Illiterate.
Syn.
want of knowledge, either as to a single
3.

subject or to information in general illiterate refers to an ignorance of letters,

or of knowledge acquired by reading and
study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes were illiterate, and yet were far from being ignorant, especially in regard to war and
other active pursuits.
;

Ig'no-rant-ly, adv. In an ignorant

manner.
IG-NORE',

V.

ignorare,

fr.

and

mitted

a.

illiber-

ungenerously.

from in,
permitted.] Not per-

[Lat. illicitus,

licitus,

prohibited

Il-lim'it-a-ble,

Condition of being ignorant.

IG'NO-RANT, a. 1. Destitute of knowledge.

manner

IL-LIC'IT,
not,

[Lat. ignorantia.]

illiberal.

Il-lIb'er-AL-LY, adv. In an
al

TG'NO-RA'-

MU S-E [ Lat we are ignorant

ignorant person.
Ig'NO-RANCE,

dis-

IG'NO-RA'MUS,

being

a.

unlawful.
Incapable of

being limited.

Il-lit'er-a-cy,

n. Ignorance.
Ignorant of
(45), a.
letters or books.

Il-lit'er-ate
Syn.

Ignorant

learned; unlettered.

ILL'-NAT'URED,

a.

untaught

un-

An

[Lat. illvsio.]

mental vision.
Syn. Delusion
mockery; decep-

ly or

tion; chimera; fallacy; error; hallucination.

See Delusion.

Il-lO'sive,

a.
Deceiving by false
deceitful.
a.
Deceiving by false
appearances fallacious.
IL-LUS'TRATE. v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
[Lat. illustrarf, -tro.tum, fr. illustris,
bright.] 1. To make clear or bright.
2. To exhibit distinctly.
3. To explain
to exemplify.
4. To ornament and_ elucidate with pictures.
IL'LUS-TRA'TION, n. 1. Explanation
elucidation.
2. State of. being illustrated.
3. That which illustrates;
especially an illustrative engraving.
Il-lus'tra-tive, a. Tending, or intei ded, to illustrate.
[illustrate*.
IL-lus'tra-tor, n. [Lat.] One who
IL-LUS'TRI-OUS, a.
[Lat. illustris.]

show

IL-lu'so-ry,

Ig'no-min'i-oOs-ly, adv. In an ig- Ill'-fa'vor.ED, a. Ill-looking denominious manner.

formed ugly.
Ig'NO-MIN'Y, n. [Lat. ignominia, fr. Il-lib'er-al, a.
Not liberal nigin, not, and nomen, name.] 1. Pubgardly mean base narrow-minded.
2. An act Il-lIb'ER-al'i-ty, n.
lic disgrace or dishonor.
Quality of
deserving disgrace.
Opprobrium reproach
Syn.
honor; shame; contempt; infamy.

n.

unreal image presented to the bodi-

See Ignorant.

Of habitual bad

temper; peevish; fractious; cross;

crabbed surly.
ILL'ness, n. 1. Disease indisposition.
wicked2. Wrong moral conduct;
;

ness; iniquity.
Sickness. Originally sickSyn.
ness was the English term for a continuous disease, as in our version of the
Scriptures, Ac. Within the present century, there has been a tendency in En-gland to use illness exclusively in this

Characterized by greatness, noble&c.

2. Conferring luster or
honor; brilliant.
1.

ness,

Syn.
Distinguished famous
remarkable; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal renowned; eminent exalted
noble
glorious.
See Distin;

GUISHED.
Ill'-wIll', n. Enmity malevolence.
IL'LY, adv. In an ill or evil manner.
;

tB3F~

word sometimes used, though

improperly, for ill.

n.
[Lat. imago.] 1. A similitude of any person or thing; a
likeness an effigy.
2. An idol.
3.
Semblance appearance. 4. A representation of any thing to the mind.
5. ( Rhet.) A lively description.
vt.
[-ED -ing.] 1. To form an image of.
2. To represent to the men-

IM'AGE,

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

ignarus, ignorant, from
sense, and to confine sickness-more espeand gnarus, knowing.]
cially to a sense of nausea, or " sickness
1. To be ignorant of.
2. (Law.) To
of the stomach; " hence it is there comout as false or ungrounded
mon to say of a friend, " He has been ill
for some weeks," " He has had a long illof a bill. 3. Hence, to refuse
ness." This practice is gaining ground
tal vision.
to ta^e notice of; to leave out of
but as the IM'AGE-RY, n. 1. Images in generalin America to some extent
account or consideration.
Scriptures, the Book of Common Pray2. Unreal show.
3. Work of the imfl/I-Xe,
1 a. [N.Lat. iliarus, ft. Hi a,
er, and most of the great English writers
agination. 4. Rhetorical decoration.
use " sick " and " sickness " in these
I-LI'A-AL, )
flank, small intestines.]
Im-XG'i-NA-BLE, a. Capable of being
cases, it is probable the change will be
1. Pertaining to the ilium, or flank
slow, if ever made.
imagined.
bone. 2. Pertaining to the third diIl-log'ic-al, a. 1. Ignorant or neg- Im-ag'i-na-ry, a.
Existing only in
vision of the lower intestine.
ligent of the rules of logic.
2. Conimagination or fancy.
Ilk, a. [Scot. ilk. See Each.] The
trary to logic.
Ideal; fanciful; chimerical*
Syn.
same also each every
Il-loG'I-al-ly, adv.
visionary; ..incied; unreal.
In an illog1. ConILL, a. [Contr. from ivi'l.]
Power to
ical manner.
[unate. IM-XG'I-NA'TION, n.
1.
trary to good in a physical or a moral
ILL'-starrjed,
a. Fated to be unfortor reproduce an object of sense
create
unwell. 3. Not ac2. Sick
sense.
IL-LUDE', V. t. [-ED 4NG.] [Lat.
previously perceived, or to recall a
cordant with rule, fitness, or propriilludere, fr. prefix il, for in, and lumental or spiritual state. 2. Power
ety.
dere, to play.] To deceive
to mock.
to recreate or recombine with readSyn. Evil bad unfortunate dis- IL-LUME',
[-ED;
v. t.
-ING.]
[See
under the stimulus of excited
iness,
wrong;
wicked;
unfavorable;
agreeable;
Illuminate.]
To
illuminate.
iniquitous naughty incorrect rude
feeling, for the accomplishment of an
unpolished inelegant.
IL-LU'MI-NATE, V. t.
[-ETJ
-ING.]
elevated purpose.
[Lat. illuminate ; in and luminare,
1. Evil of any kind; misforn.
Syn. Fancy. These terms are often
Wickedness;
to enlighten.]
1. To enlighten
to
2.
confounded, but more properly apply to
tune^; calamity.
t.

in, un-, not,

i, f,I,

5,U, Yylong; A.,I,6,u,Y,$Aort; cAre, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, fIrm; s6n,

IMAGINATIVE

IMMODESTY

211

-ING.] To
v.
degrade to the state of a brute.
i.
To sink to the state of a brute.
IM-BUE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
actuating and formative cause it aims
imbuere.] 1. To tinge deeply to dye.
at results of a definite and weighty char2. To cause to become penetrated.
Milton's fiery lake, the debates of
acter.
1. Capable of being
1M'I-TA-BLE,
a.
his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes
imitated. 2. Worthy of imitation.
of his Paradise, are all products of the
Fancy moves on a light- IM'I-TATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
imagination.
er wing; it is governed by laws of associimitari, imitatus.] To follow as a
ation which are more remote, xnd somepattern or example; to copy, in form,
times arbitrary or capricious; it has for
distinct exercises of the same general
power, the plastic or creative faculty.
Imagination is the higher exercise; it creates by laws more closely connected with
the reason; it has strong emotion as its

IM-BRUTE',

V.

[-ED

t.

actuating spirit feelings of a lively,

gay, and versatile character; it seeks to
please by unexpected combinations of
thought, startling contrasts, flashes of
Pope's " Rape of
brilliant imagery, &c.
the Lock" is an exhibition of fancy,
which has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country.
its

M-XG'I-NA/TfvE, a. 1. Proceeding
from, and characterized by. the iinagination.

Full of images, &c.

2.

*1m-ag'ine, v. t. [-ed -ing.] 1. To

form in the mind a notion or idea of.
2. To contrive in purpose.
3. To
:

represent to one's self.

To fancy; conceive; appreSyx.
hend think believe suppose deem;
plan scheme devise frame.
v.i.
1. To form conceptions.
2.
To think to suppose.
iM-bXnk'ment. n. 1. Act of surrounding with a bank. 2. Banks or
mounds of earth.

IM'BE-^ILE

(or Tm'be-seel'), a.
[Lat.
imbeciliis, fr. in upon, and bacillum,

a small

Destitute of strength,
either of body or of mind; decrepit.

Syn.

staff.]

Weak;

debilitated; feeble; in-

firm; impotent.

qualities, &c.
to counterfeit.
IM'I-TA'TION, n. 1. Act of imitating.
2. That which is made as a copy
;

likeness: resemblance.

IM'I-TA'TIVE,
tate

1.

Inclined to imi-

imitating.

2.

Formed

a.

after a

model or pattern.
IM'1-ta'tor, n. One who imitates.

lM-MA'U-LATE,
tus.]

1.

2.

[Lat.

a.

Spotless

unstained.

immacula-

without blemish

Limpid

pure.

Im'ma-nence, In. Condition of beIm'ma-nen-cy, J ing immanent; an

indwelling.

Im'ma-nent,

a. [Lat. immanens, reInherent ; internal or subjective.

Im-MAN'u-el, n. [Heb.] God with
us
an appellation of the Savior.
IM'MA-te'RI-AL, a.
1. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual.
2. Of no essential consequence; un-

maining in or near.]

sion

infinity.

or bulk

Vastness in extent

2.

greatness.

Im-men'su-ra-ble,
measured

IM-MERSE',

Not

to be

immeasurable.
[-ED -ING.]
t.

[Lat.

a.

V.

immergere, -mer.sum.] 1. To plunge

2. To engage deeply J
into a fluid.
to involve.
n.
1. Act of immersing, or state of being immersed. 2.

IM-MER'SION,

Disappearance of a celestial body, by

passing either behind another, or iufco
its shadow.
IM-MESH', v. t. [-ED -ING.] To entangle in meshes.
;

Im'me-thod'k-al,

a.
Without
method or systematic arrangement.
Syn. Irregular; confused; disorderly.
IM'MI-GRANT, n. One who removes

into a country for the purpose of

permanent residence.
[-ED
-ING.]
V. i.
[Lat. immigrare, -gratum.~\
To remove into a country for the purpose
[grating.
of permanent residence.

IM'MI-GRATE,

IM'MI-GRA'TION,
IM'mi-nen<;e, n.

Act of immin.
1. Quality or conof being imminent. 2. Impending evil or danger.
IM'MI-NENT, a. [Lat. imminens, projecting, hanging over.]
Threatening
immediately to fall or occur.
dition

Quality of

threatening.
Syn. Impending
Imminent is the strongest; it denotes that
something is ready to fall on the instant;
as, in imminent danger of one's life. Impending denotes that something hangs
suspended over us, and may so remain
indefinitely
as, the impending evils of
war. Threatening supposes some danger
in prospect, but more remote; ^threat-

Not mature un-

ening indications for the future.

Im-mis'CI-BIL'i-ty, n. Incapacity of

important.

Im'ma-te'ri-al-Ism, n. Doctrine that

immaterial substances or spiritual
beings exist or are possible.

Im'MA-te'RI-al-ist,

One who

n.

be-

lieves in

immaterialism.

[M'BE-CIL/I-TY,^ Feebleness of body IM'ma-te'RI-al'i-ty,

or of mind.
Syn.
See Debility.
IM-bed', v. t. To lay, as in a bed.
lM-BIBE', V. t. [-ED
-ING.] [Lat.
imbibere ; prefix in and bibere, to
drink.] To drink in to absorb.
IM'BI-BI'TION (-bish'un), n. Act of

imbibing.

n.

being immaterial.

IM'MA-TURE', a.

1.

being mixed.
[being mixed.
a.
Not capable of
iM-Mi's'siON (-mish'un), n.
Act of
sending or thrusting in.
IM'ma-ture'ly, arfi>. Unseasonably;
IM-MIT', V. t. [-TED -TING.] [Lat.
prematurely.
immittere; in and mittere, to send.]
IM'ma-tu'ri-ty, n.
Condition or
To inject to infuse.
quality of being immature.
Im-me^s'ur-a-ble (-mCzh'ur-), a. IM-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. [Lat. immitigabilis.]
Not capable of being mitiIncapable of being measured illim-

not arrived at
completion crude.
premature.
ripe

perfection or
Too early

2.

IM-BIT'TER, V. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1.
To make bitter or unhappy. 2. To
render more violent to exasperate.
TM-BOD'Y, v. i. See EMBODY.
itable.
IM-BOLD'JEN, V. t. See EMBOLDEN. Im-MEAs'UR-a-bly, adv. To an exIm-bor'der, v. t.
1. To furnish or
tent not to be measured.
adorn with a border. 2. To set as in Im-me'DI-ate, a.
[L, Lat. immedia border.
atus; prefix in and medius, middle.]
Im-bos'om, v. t.
[-ed: -ING.] To
1. Not separated in respect to place
hold in the bosom
hence, to admit
proxiby any thing intervening
to the heart or affection.
mate. 2. Not deferred by an interval
IM'BRI-CATE,
\a. [Lat. imbriratus,
of time. 3. Acting directly.
IM'bri-ca'ted,
covered with tiles, Im-me'DI-ate-ly, adv. Without deimbrex, a hollow tile.] 1. Bent and
lay or intervention of any thing.
hollowed like a gutter-tile. 2. Lying IM-ME'di-ate-ness, n.
Exemption
;

Im-mis'ci-ble,

over each other in regular order, like

tiles.
[of the edges.
iM'BRl-eA'TlON, n.
An overlapping
Im-brogl'io (-brol'yo), n. [It. See
Broil.] A complicated and embarrassing state of things.
IM-BROWN', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
;

from second or intervening causes.

a. 1. Beyond memmind.
2. (Eng. Law.)

IM'ME-MO'RI-AL,

ory out of
Previous to the reign of Richard
;

I.

Im-mense', a. [Lat. immensus ; prefix in and mensus, measured.]

Unlimited unbounded very great.

gated.

IM'MO-BIL'1-TY, n.

[Lat. immobiliCondition or quality of being

tas.]

immovable

fixedness.

Im-mod'er ate

a.
Not moderate
not confined to suitable limits.
Syn. Excessive; exorbitant; extrav,

agant.

Im-mod'er-ate-ly, adv.
ly

Excessive-

unreasonably.

Im-mod'er-ate-ness,
of being immoderate
travagance.

Im-mod'est,
due bounds.

a.
2.

n.

Quality

excess

ex-

Not limited to
Wanting in the rewhich decorum and
1.

serve or restraint
decency require.
Syn. Indecorous; indelicate; shameless; indecent; impure; unchaste.

make brown to tan.

Syn. Infinite; immeasurable; illim- lM-MOD'EST-LY,adu. Without modIM-BRUE', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Preesty indecently.
itable; interminable; vast; prodigious;
enormous; monstrous; huge.
fix irk for in, and 0. Eng. brue, alIm-mod'est-y, n. 1. Want of modlied to brew.]
To soak to drench in IM-MENSE'LY, adv. Without limits.
esty.
2. Want of delicacy or decent
a fluid, as in blood.
IM-MEN'SI-TY, n. 1. Unlimited extenreserve.
;

or, do,

wolf, too, took; urn, rue, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

c, G, soft; e, &, liard; Ag;

e^ist

as

ng

this.

IMMOLATE
fal'MO-LATE,

To

immotare, -latum..]
as a victim.

sacrifice

to

2.

Im-mor'al,

a.

lating.

n.

1.

Act of immo-

sacrifice.

Inconsistent with reccontrary to conscience or the

titude
divine law.
;

Wicked

Syn.

vicious

depraved

profligate; dissolute; licentious.

Lm'mo-ral'i-ty,
ing immoral.

n.

Quality of beimmoral act or

1.

An

2.

practice.

IM-MOR'TAL,
ty to die.
tality. 3.

[Lat.

a.

Not mortal

1.

immortalis.]

exempt from liabiliConnected with immor-

2.

Im-pXl'pa-bly, adv.
not readily

Destined to perpetual fame.

Syn. Eternal: everlasting; ceaseless;

perpetual; endless; imperishable; incorruptible; deathless.

IM-PAR'A-DISE, V.t.
[-ED: -ING.]
To put in a state of supreme felicity.
IM-PAR'I-TY, n. Difference of degree,
rank, excellence, number, &c.
Im-park', v. l. [-ED; -ING.] To inclose for a park.

IM-PART',

V.

[-EDJ-ING.]

t.

[Lat.

impartire, impertire in aud part ire,

to part, divide.] 1. To bestow a share
or portion of. 2. To make known.

Syn.
To share; yield; confer; grant;
five; reveal; disclose; discover; divulge,

diced

disinterested

unprejuequitable just.

partial
;

lM-MOR'TAL-IZE. V. t. [-ED -ING.] IM-PAR'TI-AL/I-TY (-par'slri-al'i-ty or

-par-shal'T-ty), n. Freedom from bias
To render immortal.
disinterestedness equitableness.
Jm-mor'tal-LY, adv. In an immorIm-pAr'tial-LY,
adv. In an impartal manner; with exemption from
;

manner.
[ing impartible.
Im-mov'a-Bii/i-ty, n. Condition or lM-PARTVl-Bii/1-TY.n. Quality of beIm-part'i-ble, a. 1. Not partible;
quality of being immovable.
tial

death.

Im-mov'A-ble,
moved,

a.

Incapable of being

stable; steadfast; unal-

terable
unchangeable unimpressible.
Law.) Lands, and things
( Civil
adherent thereto.
Im-mov'a-bly, adv.
Unalterably
unchangeably.
;

indivisible.

Capable of being im-

2.

parted,

altered, or affected.

Syn. Fixed;

Incapable of being
Impervious
impenetrable

Syn.

pi.

[passed.

Im-pass'A-ble,

a.

pathless.

or tax

office,

2.

a particular privilege.

i'.

To

[-edj-ing.]

t.

close within walls

Im-MU'ta-bIl'I-TY,

to imprison.
n.
Quality

a.

Not mutable

pain or suffering

immutabiunchangeable
;

invariable.

Im-mO'ta-bly, adv. Unchangeably.

IMP, n.
A young or inferior devil.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. impan,impian,

Gr. e/xcjiVTeveiv, to plant in.]

To insert as a feather into a broken
wing hence, to increase to plume.
Im-pST', v, t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat.
fi\

impingere, -pactum, to push, strike

against.]
To press or drive firmly
together.
Im'pagt, n.

[nicated.
Collision

force

commu-

IM-PAIR', v.

t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat.
in and pejorate, to make worse.] To
make worse to diminish in quanti;

ty, value, excellence, or strength.

To diminish; decrease; injure;

Syn.

weaken; enfeeble.
IM-PALE', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
fix on a stake
to put to death by
doing so.
2. To inclose, as with
;

IM'PAS-ta'tion,

p.

a.

Act of impaling.

Act of makcombination of

1.

IM PA'TiENT,a.

1. Not patient; not

bearing with composure. 2. Prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience.
IM-PA'TIENT-LY, adv. In an impatient manner.
[pawn.
IM-PAWN'. V. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To
IMPEACH', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Fr.
empecker, to prevent, bar, fr. Lat. impingere, to thrust or drive against.] 1.
To charge, as an officer, with misbehavior in office. 2. To call in ques;

tion.

Syn. To accuse
;

indict.

Im-PEACH'MENT,

arraign censure
See Accuse.
;

n.

to be
A, E,

I,

felt.

0,V,Y, long; A,E,1, O,

pearls.

U, Y, short

money

poor.

IMPEDE',

v.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

[Lat.

imped ire, lit. to entangle the feet..'

To hinder to obstruct.
Im-ped'i-ment, n. That which im;

pedes or hinders progress or motion.

Syn. Hindrance obstruction obstacle; difficulty. An impediment literally strikes against our feet, checking our
progress, and we remove it. An obstacle
rises up before us in our path, and we
:

surmount

it.

difficulty set* before us

something hard to be .lone, and we encounter it and overcome it. A hitulrance

holds us back for a time, but we break
away from it.
IM-PEL', V. t. [-LED -LING.] [Lat
impeUere ; in and pe/lere, to drive.
To drive or urge lorward to incite t&
action in any way.
Syn.
To instigate incite induce,
influence actuate; move.
IM-PEL'LENT,. Having the quality
of impelling.
n. A force that drives
forward.
IM-PENI)', l'. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
impendere.] To hang over; to be
suspended above to be imminent.
Im-pend'ence, n. State of im1m-pei\d'en-Vy, j
pending: near
approach.
[n inent.
Tm-pend'ent, a. Impending; imIm-pend'ing, p. a. Hanging over;
:

impendent.
Syn. Imminent; menacing;
ening. See Imminent.

Im-pen'e-tra-bTl'i-ty, n.

threat-

Quality

of being impenetrable.
a.

Incapable

of being penetrated. 2. Inaccessible,

as to knowledge, Mmpathy, &c.

In an im-

IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLY," adv.
penetrable manner.

Im pen'i-tence,

lM-PEN'l-TEN-CY,
tent obduracy of

Condition of
being impeni-

)
)

heart.

Not penitent not

repenting of sin; obdurate.
n. A

Im-pen'i-TENT,

a.

hardened sinner.

passion.

Act of impeachIm-pal'pa-bil'i-TY, n. Quality of

ing, or state of being impeached.
not being palpable.
IM-PEARL', V. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To
Im-pal'pa-ble, a. Not palpable not
form into pearls. 2. To decorate with
n.

IM'pe-cU'ni-os'i-ty, n.
Want ot
money.
Im'pe-cu'ni-ous, a.
[Lat. in, not,
and pecuma, money.] Not having

IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE,

insensible.

n.

ing into paste. 2. A

different substances by means of cements capable of resisting fire or air.
IM-PASTE', V. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To
knead to make into paste. 2. To
lay oh colors thick and bold.
IM-PA'TIENCE,??. 1. Want of patience.
2.
Violence of temper
vehement

criminate

stakes.

Im-pale'ment,

(-pasrVund),

[Lat.
;

with passion.

affect strongly

Actuated or agitated by passion

animated excited.
of Im-pas'sive, a. Not susceptible of

in-

being unchangeable.

IM-MU'ta-ble,
lis.}

move or

Im-pas'sion.ed

Freedom.

Exemption

n.

sin, error, or offense.

a.
[Lat. impeccabito sin ; perfect.

IM-PE'A-BLE,
lis.}
Not liable

Im-pas'si-Bii/I-ty, n.
Quality or
condition of being impassible.

IM-PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Lat. impassibilis.]

IM-MU'NI-TY, n.
[Lat. immmutas.]
Incapable of suffering.
1. Exemptionfrom any charge, duty, IM-pas'sion (-pash'un), v.
t.
To

Im-mure',

IM-PE'A-BIL'I-TY,
from

[Lat. in and paSupposed real presence

nis, bread.]
aud union of Christ's material body
with the bread, in the eucharist.
[-ED; -ING, 137.]
IM-PAN'EL, V. t.
To form, as a list of jurors.
n.

ee Communicate.
Im'mor-tal'I-ty, n. 1. Unending
Im-par'tial. a. Not
existence.
2. Exemption from oblivion.

In a manner

frit.

IM'pa-na'tion,

kill,

Im'mo-LA'tion,

IMPERFECT

212

[-EDj-IITG.] [Lat.

*>..

[repentance.

Without
Im-pen'I-tent-ly, adv.
Im-per'a-tIve, a. [Lat. imperativus,
1. Exfr. imperare, to command.]
pressive of
2.

command

Obligatory

authoritative.
binding.

Im-per'a-TIVE-ly, adv. Authoritatively

IM'per-cep'ti Bfl/I-TY,

n. State or
quality of being imperceptible.

1. Not pera.
ceptible insensible. 2. Very small
fine or verv slow in progress.

IM'PER-cep'ti-ble,
:

Im'per-cep'ti-bly, adv.

So as not

to be perceived.

Im-per'fect

Not perfect
2 Wanting in some
or complete.
3. Not
essential elementary organ.
4. Marked by
fulfilling its design.
(14), a.

1.

defects or evil.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

XfiliJI

PIQUE, FIRM S6N,

;

IMPERFECTION

IMPOSE

213

into connection with to show to be

Im'per-fec'tion, n. Quality of be- IM'PER-tOr'BA-BLE, a. [Lat. imperconnected or concerned.
turbabilis.]
Incapable of being diswant of perfection.
ing imperfect
IM'PLI-CA'TION, n. 1. Act of impliturbed.
Syn. Defect deficiency; incompleteness; fault; failing; weakness; frail- IM-PER'TUR-BA'TION, n.
Freedom
cating, or state of being implicated.
ty; foible; blemish; vice.
2. That which is implied, but not
from agitation of mind calmness.
Im-per'FET-ly, adv. In an imper- IM-PER'VI-OUS, a. Not pervious; not
[plicate.
expressed.
fect manner.
admitting of entrance or passage IM'PL,I-A / TIVE, a. Tending to imIm-per'fo RA-BLE,a. Incapable of
Im-plic'it, a. [Lat. implicitus.] 1.
through.
[or pierced.
being perforated.
Fairly to be understood, though not
Syn. Impassible; pathless; impenetrable; imperviable.
Im per'fo-rate, a. Not perforated
expressed implied. 2. Trusting to
IM-PE'RI-AL (89), a. [Lat. imperialis
another, without doubting or reserves
Im-per'vi-ous-ly, adv. Impenetra1.
imperium, command, empire.]
IM-PLIC'IT-LY, adv.
1. Impliedly. ,
bly.
Relating to an empire, or to au em- IM-PET'U-OS'I-TY, n.
1. Quality of
2. With unreserved confidence.
:

n.
peror. 2. Sovereign supreme.
A tuft of hair on a man's lower lip.
IM-PE'RI- AL-1ST, n. A subject or sol[al manner.
dier of an emperor,
IM-PE'RI-AL-LY, a'lv. In an imperi;

IM-PER'IL, V I. [-EDj-INGiOf-LED,
-LING, 137.] To bring inro peril.
iM-PE'RI-oDs (89), a. Commanding
authoritative dictatorial haughty

arrogant

One

is

and tone; one who

is

Im-plic'it-ness,

violence. 2.

State of trust-

n.

ing without reserve.

Syn.

Forcible; rapid: hasty; precipviolent ;

itate
furious ; boisterous
fierce; passionate.
;

plication

to pray earnestly.

To beseech; supplicate; crave;

Svx.

entreat; beg; solicit.

Im-PET'u-ous-ly, adv. In an impet- Im-ply', v. t. [-ED -ING, 142.] [See

uous manner.
Implicate.] To contain by impliIM'pe-tDs, n.
[Lat., fr. impetere, to
cation
to include virtually.
rush upon, attack.]
Force with
Syn. To comprise; import; denote;
which any body is driven or imsignify.
See Involve.
pelled momentum.
Im-poi'son, v. t.
To impregnate or
IM'phee n. The African sugar-cane.
[policy.
with
affect
poison.
1.
IM-PI'E-TY, n.
[Lat. impietas.}
Inexpedience bad
IM-POL'J-CY, n.
Quality of being impious. 2. An im- JM'PO-LITE', a. Not polite uncivil.
pious act.
IM'PO-LITE'LY, adv. In an impolite
unSyn. Ungodliness irreligion
manner uncivilly.
righteousness sinfulness prof'aneness. Im'po-lIte'nesSjH. Quality of being
Im-pInge', v. i. [-ED; -ing.] [Lat.
impolite.
impingere ; in and pangere, to fix, IM-POL'I-Tie, a.
Not politic wantstrike.]
To fall or dash against to
ing in policy or prudent management.
;

lordly.

imperious exercises his authority

in a manner highly offensive for its spirit

ove^ bearing.

Syn. Domineering

who

being impetuous fury

A'ehemence of temper.

IM-PET'U-OUS, a. [Lat. impetuosus. Im-pl^'ED-ly, adv. By implication.

See IMPETUS.] 1. Rushing with force Im-plore', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
implorare ; in and plorare, to cry
and violence. 2. Vehement in feeling.
aloud.] To call upon, or for, in sup-

lordhi assumes

a lofty air in order to display his importance" one who is domineering gives orders in a way to make others feel their
;

inferiority.

JM-pe'RI-ous-ly, adv.
rious manner.
Im-per'ish-a-ble, a.
ble

In au impe-

Not

perisha-

indestructible.

Quality

of being impermeable.

fluid,,

thro ugh

its

IM-pr'SON-AL,

substance.
Not personal;

a.

not representing a person

not hav-

ing personality.

Im-per'son-Xl.'1-ty,

a.
Not permeanot permitting passage, as of a

1m-per'me-a-bl,e,
;

IM-PER'ME-A-BIL'I-TY, w.

ble

Condition or
quality of being impersonal.
Im-per'son-al-ly, ado.
In an impersonal manner.
7i.

jiM-PER'SON-ATE, V. t. [-ED -TNG.]

1. To ascribe the qualities of a person to to personify.
2. To repre;

sent the person of; to personate.

n.
Act of impersonating personification.
/vr/pER-sPie'u-otis, a.
Not perspic-

iM-PER'soiV-A'TlON,
;

strike.

Im'port,

irreconcilable; unrelenting; relentless.

._

who obtrudes

cious

person

is

offi-

his offices or assist-

ance where they are not needed; he is

impertinent when he intermeddles in
things with which he has no concern.
The former shows a want of tact, the

want of breeding, or, more commonly, a spirit of sheer impudence.

IM-PER'TI-NENT-LY, adv. In an impertinent manner.
latter a

Im'per-tur'ba-bil'i-ty,
of being imperturbable
sion coolness.
;

State
n.
self-posses-

im-

Syn. Officious.

erence for the Supreme Being.

sible weight.
IM'PI-OUS-LY. adv. Profanely.
IM'po-ros'i-ty, n. Want of porosity.
IM/pi-ous-ness, n. Impiety.
IM-po'rous, a.
Destitute of pores;
IM-plA'ca-bil'i-ty, n.
Quality of
compact.
being implacable.
IM-PORT', f. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
Im-PLA'A-ble, a.
[Lat. implacabiimportart ; in and portare, to bear.]
lis.]
Not placable incapable of be1. To bring in from abroad.
2. To
ing pacified.
imply to signify.
3. To be of im
portance
consequence
to.
or
Unappeasable
Syn.
inexorable

against the rules ot good-breeding.

incautious

IM'PI-OUS, a. [Lat. imping; in, not,

prudent; inexpedient.
andpius. pious.]
1. Not pious
irIM-PON'DER-A-BIL'I-TY, 11. Quality
religious
profane.
Proceeding
2.
of being imponderable.
from, or manifesting, a want of rev- Im-pon'der-a-ble, a. Withou*- sen-

IM PLA'A-BLY, adv. With unapuous obscure vague.

peasable enmity.
IM-PER'TI-NENCE, In. 1. Quality IM-PLANT', v. i. [-ED; -ING.] To
IM-PER'TI-NEN-CY,
set, plant, or infix, for the purpose
of being iinpertinent irrelevance. 2. Unbecoming
of growth
conduct rudeness incivility. 3. A IM'plan-ta'tion, n. Act of implantvalue,
thingoutof place, or of no
&c.
ing, or state of being implanted.
IM-per'ti-nent (14), a. 1. Not per- IM-PLEAD', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
tinent
having no bearing on the
sue at law.
subject; irrelevant.
Offending IM'PLE-MENT, n. [Lat. implementum,
2.
;

Indiscreet

Syn.

fr.

implere, to fill up.]

An instruor utensil as supplying a requi

ment

site to an end.
IM-PLE'TION, n.

n. 1. That which is brought

in from abroad. 2. Purport meaning. 3. Importance
consequence.
IM-POR'TANCE, n. Quality of being
;

important; consequence; moment.

a..
Possessing weight
or consequence significant weighty.

IM-POR'TANT,

IM'POR-TA'TION,

Act or pracGoods introduced into a country from abroad.

tice

n.

of importing.

1.

2.

IM-PORT'ER, n. One who

Im-port'u-nate (45), a.

imports.
Pertina-

cious in solicitation.

Im-port'u-nate-ly, adv. In an ha.

Act of filling;,
portunate manner.
That which IM'POR-TUNE', v. t. [-ED -ING. ][L.
filling.
fills up
Lat. import ttnare. from Lat. i-,ripor~
IM'PLEX, a. [Lat. implexus, infolded,
tunus.] To request with urgency to
state of being full.

1.

2.

entangled.]
complicated.

Intricate

entangled

tease.

iM'POR-TTJ'NL-TY, n. Pressing solic1M'PLI-ATE, V. t.

[-ED
-ING.]
itation
urgent request.
[imposed.
[Lat. implicare, -catum ; in and pli- IM-po-?'a-BLE, a.
Capable of being
care, to fold.]
1. To infold
to con- Im-pose', v. t.
[-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
nect in many relations. 2. To bring
imponere, impositum ; in and po-

6r, do, wolf, too, SO OK 3 Crn.rue, pi/ll, e,

I,

o, silent;

c,G,

soft;

,&,hard; As; exist;

Na5NG;

this.

IMPOSEK
nere, to place.] 1.

To

IMPROVVISATORE

214

lay as a charge,

tax, duty, command, or the like

to
levy.
2. To pass off; to palm.
3.
To lay, as the hands in confirmation or ordination. 4. To prepare for
;

printing, as a form, by arranging the

pages upon a stone, and confining
them in the chase.
Im-pch'er, n. One who imposes or

accomplished by any human means

Im-prob'a-bIl'j-ty, n.

at
present possessed; a thing is impossible

being improbable

the laws of nature forbid it. The

navigation of a river may now beimpracticable, but not impossible, because the
existing obstructions may yet be re-

when

Im-pr6b'a-ble,

a.

Quality of
unlikelihood.
Not probable;

unlikely to be true.

Im-prob'a-bly, adv.

moved.

In an improb

able manner.

IM-PRA'TI-A-BLY, adv. In an im- Im-prob'i-ty, n.

[Lat. improbitas.}
practicable manner.
Absence of probity want of integIM'PRE-ATE, V. t.
[-ED -ING.]
rity
dishonesty.
[Lat. imprecari, -catum ; in and pre- Im-promp'tu, adv. or a.
enjoins.
[manding.
[Lat. in
To call down by
promptu, in readiness, at hand.] OffIm-poh'ing,7?. a. Impressive; com-l v cart, to pray.]
hand without previous study.
1m-PCH'ing-stone, n. A stone on k prayer, as something hurtful to inn.
voke, as evil.
An extemporaneous composition.
which pages or columns of type are
Im/pre-ca'tion, n. Act of invoking Im-prop'er, a.
made into forms.
Not proper; not
evil on any one.
fitted to the circumstances, design,
IM/PO-SI'TION (-zlsh'un), n.
1. Act
Syn. Malediction; curse; execration.
or end
unfit; indecent.
of imposing. 2. That which is imposed; charge: levy; tax.
3. A
Tm'pre-A-to-ry, a. Of the nature Im-proP'er-jly, adv. In an impropmanner.
er
trick or deception.
4. Act of laying
of imprecation.
on the hands as a religious ceremony
[-ED -ING.]
iM'PRE-ris'iON (-sizh'un), n. Want lM-PRO'PR[-ATE, v. t.
[Lat. (Hand propriare, -atum, to apSyn. See Deception.
of precision or exactness.
propriate.] (Eng. Eccl. Law.)
To
1. Not to be
Im-pos'si-bil'i-ty, n. 1. Quality of IM-PREG'NA-BLE, a.
place the profits of, for care and distaken by assault.
2.
Not to be
being impossible. 2. An impossible
bursement, in the hands of a layman.
moved invincible.
thing.
[-ED -ING.] IM-pro'pri-A'tion, v. Act of putIM-POS'SI-BLE, a. [Lat. impossibilis ] IM-PREG'NATE, v.t.
ting an ecclesiastical benefice in the
[Lat. in and prsegnans, prsegnas,
incapable of being
Not possible
hands of a layman, or lay corporapregnant.] 1. To make pregnant.
done.
tion.
2. To render fruitful or fertile. 3. To
Syn. See Impracticable.
infuse particles ol another substance Im'pro-prI'e-ty, n. 1. Unfitness or
Im'post, n.
[See Impose.]
1. A
unsuitableness to character, time,
into.
duty or tax on goods imported into
place, or circumstances.
2. An un1. Act of ima country. 2. The capital of a pil- IM'PREG-na'TION.m.
suitable act or expression.
pregnating.
State
being
impreg2.
of
lar or cornice which receives an arch.
Im-prov'a-ble,
a.
Capable
of being
nated. 3. Intimate mixture of parts.
Syn. Tribute; toll; excise; custom.
improved.
Im-press', v. I. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
Im-post'hu-mate, v. i.
[See IMIm-prove',1'.
t.
[-ed;-ing.]
[Preimprimere, impressum.] 1. To press
POSTHUME.]
To form an abscess.
fix in, and 0. 1'r. prover, Lat. proto imprint.
in or upon
to stamp
v.t.
[-ED; -ING.] To affect with
bare,
to
esteem
as
1.
good
To
make
3. To
2. To produce by pressure.
an imposthnme or abscess.
better. 2. To employ to good purpose.
inculcate.
4. To take by force for
IM-post/hu^ma'tion, n.
1. Act of
Syn. To better; meliorate; advance;
public service.
forming an abscess.
2. An abscess.
heighten; mend; correct; rectify.
IM'press, n.
1. A mark made by
IM-POST'HUME, n. [A corruption of
v. i.
1. To grow better.
2 To
pressure; imprint; stamp.
2. Inaposteme.]
A collection of pus or
grow worse. 3. To increase to be
fluence wrought on the mind.
purulent matter an abscess.
enhanced.
Im-press'i-ble, a.
Yielding to an
IM-POS'TOR, n.
[Lat., fr. imponere,
Im-prove'ment, n. 1. Act of imimpression susceptive.
to deceive.] One who imposes upon
proving, or state of being improved.
Im-PRES'sion (-presh'un), n. 1. Act
others.
2. Practical application, as of the
of impressing.
2.
That
which
is
Im-post'ure, n. Deception practiced
principles
of a discourse.
3. That
produced by pressure;
as, (.) A
under a false or assumed character.
which improves any thing, oris added
stamp or copy made by pressure
Syn. Cheat fraud trick imposiin.
proving
it.
byway
of
[foresight.
mark, (b.) Sensible result of an intion; delusion.
Neglect ol
fluence from without, (c.) An indis- IM-PROV'I-DENCE, n.
Im'PO-tence, )n. Want of strength
Not provident
tinct notion, remembrance, or belief. IM-PROV'I-BENT, a.
IM'PO-TEN-CY, } or power, animal,
wanting forecast.
(d.) An edition.
intellectual, or moral;
especially, lM-PRESS'lVE,a. 1. Making, or tend- Im-PROV'i-dent-ly, adv.
Without
want of procreative power.
foresight or forecast.
ing to make, an impression.
2. CaIM'PO-TENT, a. [Lat. impotens; in,
t.
IM-PROV'I-SATE,
V.
or
I.
[-ED
pable of being impressed susceptible.
not, and potens, powerful.]
Want- Im-press'ive-LY, adv. In an im-ING.] To improvise.
ing power, strength, or vigor, whethlM-PRoVl-SA'TION,?i.
1.
Act
or
art ol
pressive manner forcibly.
er physical, intellectual, or moral.
making poetry, or of performing muTm-press'ive-ness, n.
Quality of
IM'PO-TENT-LY, adv. Without power.
extemporaneously.
2.
That
which
sic
being impressive.
IM-POUND', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To Im-press'ment, n. Act of seizing for
is improvised.
confine, as in a pound.
lM-PRor>l-$A-TRY'CE (-cha), n.
public useor service.
iM-POV'ER-isH, v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] Im'PRI-MA'TUR, n. [Lat., let it be
See IMPROVVISATRICE.
[Prefix im, not, and 0. Yr. povere,
See Imprinted.] A license to print a book. Im-PRov r-SA-TRpCE, n.
povre, poor.] 1. To make poor. 2. To IM'PRINT, n. Name of the printer or
PROVVISATR1CE.
;

exhaust the

fertility of.

Im-pov'er-ish-ment, n.
Im-pr Xe'Ti-eA-Bi'L'l-TY,

[to poverty.

Reduction

State or
quality of being impracticable.
Im-prac'ti-ca-ble, a. 1. Not practicable
incapable of being accomn.

V. t. [-ED: -ING.] [Lat.

in and provisus, pro;
1. To speak extemporanevided.]
2. To bring
ously, esp. in verse.
about without previous preparation.
v. i. To make verses without pre
vious preparation hence, to do anything off-hand.

IM'PRO-VISE',

publisher of a book, on the title-page,

with the time and place of publish-

improvisus

ment.

IM-PRINT',

V.

t.

[-EU; -ING.]

1.

To

stamp to print. 2. To
on the memory.
plished. 2. Not easily managed un- IM-PRIS/ON, V.t.
[-ED; -ING] 1.
tractable.
3. Not capable of being
To put into a prison. 2. To limit or
easily dealt with.
4. Incapable of
iM-PRfir'r'i-XA-Td'RE.n. [It. See
restrain in any way.
[liberty.
being passed or traveled.
Improvise.] A man who composIm-PrTs'on-ment, n. Restraint of
es and sings or recites rhymes and
Syn. Impossible; infeasible. A
Syn. Incarceration custody conshort poem* extemporaneously.
thing is impracticable when it cannot be
finement; durance.
;

impress

to

fix indelibly, as

I E,

1,

0,U,Y,fowg7 A,E,I, 6, U, Y, Short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

IMPROVVISATRICE
iM-PRd V ri-A- TRI'CE

INAUGURATE

215

1. Void space
emp
tiness.
used to indicate a variety of relations.
2. Deficiency of contents
within;
inside.
Not out;
and sings or recites rhymes or short
In'a-bIl'i-ty, n.
Quality of being IN-AP'PE-TENCE, ) 71.
1. Want 01
poems extemporaneously.
unable lack of ability.
In-ap'pe-ten-cy, J
IM-PRU'DENCE, n. Want of prudence
appetence, or
rashness.
indiscretion
of a disposition for nutriment. 2Syn. Disability; impotence; incapacity
incompetence weakness. See
Want of inclination.
IM-PRU'DENT, a. [Lat. iwprudens.]
Disability.
iN-AP/PLl-eA-BlL'l-TY, n.
Wanting prudence or discretion.
Quality
iN'Ae-CESsa-BIL'l-TY,
n. Quality
of being inapplicable unfitness.
Syn. Indiscreet: injudicious; incauIN'AC-C^ESS'I-BLE-NESS, J
or state In-ap'pli-ca-ble, a.
tious; unadvised; heedless; rash.
Not applicaof being inaccessible, or not to be
ble
not suited or suitable to the
Im-pru'dent-ly, adv. In an imreached.
purpose.
prudent manner.
In'ag-cess'i-ble,
a.
Not to be
Quality of being
IM'pu-den^e, n.
Syn. Unsuitable
unsuited
unadapted inappropriate.
impudent shamelessness want of w reached, obtained, or approached.
In'ac-^ess'i-bly, adv.
In an inac- iN-AP/PLl-eX'TlON, n.
modesty.
Want of apcessible manner.
Syn. Effrontery; sauciness. fmpuplication, or attention
negligence.
dence refers more especially to the feel- In-ag'gu-ra-cy, n. Want of accura- In-ap'po-site, a. Not apposite; not
ings; effrontery {lit., meeting face to face)
cy or exactness.
suitable.
to some gross and public exhibition of
Syn. Mistake fault defect; error. IN/AP-pre'CI-A-ble (-prG'shi-, 92), a.
sauciness, to a sudden
shamelessness
outbreak of impudence, especially from IN-Xc'eu-RATE (45), a. Not accurate
Not appreciable incapable of being
an inferior.
erroneous.
duly valued.
IM'pu-dent, a. [Lat. impudens ; in, IN-\'U-RATE-L, Y, adv. Incorrectly. In-ap/pre-hen'si-ble, a. Not apnot, and pudens, ashamed, modest.] In-A'tion, n. Want of action idleprehensible
unintelligible.
ness rest.
Unblushingly forward wanting modiVap-proach'a-ble, a. Not apIn-aT'Ive, a. 1. Not in action. 2.
esty.
proachable inaccessible.
Not disposed to action or effort idle. IN'AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, a. Unsuitable,
Syn. Shameless; audacious; brazen;
bold-faced; pert; immodest; rude; sauSyn. See Inert.
as in manners, moral conduct, &c.
cy; impertinent; insolent.
lN-AT'i'VE-LY, adv.
Idly
slug- In-apt'i-tude (53), n. Want of aptIM'PU-dent-ly, adv.
In an impugishly.
itude unfitness unsuitableness.
u
dent manner.
In'ag-tiv'i-ty, n. 1. Quality of be- IN-ARCH', V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]

A woman who

[It.]

n.

(-tro'eha),

composes

surrounded by

not outside of:

In-Xn'i-ty, n.

adv.

Im-pugn'

(-pan'), v.

t.

[-ED

-ING.]

[Lat. impugnare ; in and pugnare,

To attack by words or arto fight.]
guments to contradict.
IM'PULSE, n. [Lat. impidsus.)
1.
Act of impelling. 2. Effect of an impelling force. 3. Sudden motion exciting to action; instigation.
IM-PUL'SION, n. 1. Act of impelling
or driving onward. 2. Influence act;

ing unexpectedly or temporarily on

the mind.
Im-pue'siye, a. 1. Having the power of impelling. 2. Actuated by im-

To

ing inactive

inertness.

2.

Idleness

sluggishness.

IN-AD'E-QUA-CY,
being inadequate
equality.

n.

1.

Quality of

defectiveness

in-

Unjust or improper de-

2.

fect.

In-ad'e-Quate

(45), a. Not adequate

to the purpose.
Syn. Unequal; incommensurate;
disproportionate; insufficient; incompe;

graft by uniting, as a scion, to a

stock, without separating it from its

parent

tree.

LVAR-Tie'U-LATE,

a.

1.

[impulse..

unequal

In/ar-tic'u-late-ly, adv. Net with

tent; incapable.

iN/AR-Tie'iJ-EATE-NESS,
IN/AR-Tie'u-LA'TION,
of sounds in speaking.

In-ad'E-QUATE-LY, adv.

Not

fully

distinct syllables

indistinctly.
Indis^ n.

injury, or loss.

Im-pure',

a.

Mixed with extrane-

1.

not pure foul.

2.
Defiled by sin unholy. 3. Unchaste;
lewd unclean.
4. Obscene.
IM-PURE'L, Y, adv. In an impure manner with impurity.
IM-PU'RI-TY, n. 1. Want of purity
pollution defilement. 2. Foul matter, action, language, &c.
Im-piIt'a-ble, a.
Capable of being
ous substances

imputed chargeable.
Im'pu-ta'tion, n. Act of imputing
or charging any thing imputed.
Im-put'a t'ive, a. Coming by impu;

TO~OK.J fjRN,

WOLF, TOO,

OR, DO,

nator, or possessor of. 3. ( Theol.)

To set to the account of another as
the ground of judicial procedure.
Not subject
Xm'pu-tres'ci-ble, a.
to putrefaction or corruption.
IN, prep.
JA.-S.] Within; inside of;

tinctness

In-ajr/ti-fi'cial (-flsh'al), a. NotarIn-ad'e-QUATE-ness, n. Quality of

tificial
not done by art simple and
being inadequate inadequacy
innatural.
equality incompleteness.
In'as-mijch', adv. Seeing that conIn'ad-mis'si-bil'i-ty, n. Quality of
sidering that
since
with as.
being inadmissible.
In'at-ten'tion, n.
Want of atteniN'Arf-Mls'sl-BLE, a. Not proper to
tion or consideration.
be admitted, allowed, or received.
Syn.
Inadvertence
heedlessness
In'ad-vert'enoe, n. 1. Quality
thoughtlessness; neglect. We miss seeIn'ad-vert'en-'cy,
of being inading a thing through inadvertence, when
we do not look at it through inattention
vertent lack of attentiveness. 2. An
when we give no heed to it, though dioversight. or fault, proceeding from
rectly before us. The latter is therefore
negligence of thought.
the worse.
Inadvertence may be an inIn'AD-vert'ent, a. Not turning the
voluntary accident; inattention is culpable neglect.
A versatile mind is often
mind to a matter.
inadvertent
; a careless or stupid one is
In'ad-vert'ent-ly, adv.
From
inattentive.
want of attention.
Not attentive
In-al'ien-a-ble ( -al'yen-), a. Inca- In'at-ten'tive, a.
not fixing the mind on an object.
pable of being alienated, or trans
Syn.
Careless;
heedless;
regardless;
ferred to another.
thoughtless; negligent; remiss.
In-AL'ien-a-bly, adv. In a manner
In/at-ten'tive-ly, adv. Without
forbidding alienation.

imputed.
In-am' o-ra'TA, n. f.
[It. innamoIm-pute', v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat. IjV-am'o-ra'to, n. m. \ rata, innaimputare ; in and putare, to think.]
morato.} A lover.
1.
To charge
to ascribe.
2. To IN-ANE', a.
[Lat. inanis.]
Empty;
charge to oue as the author, origivoid of sense or intelligence.
tation

or sufficiently.

artic-

pulse,

iM-pOl/SIVE-LY, adv. With force by

IM-PU'NI-TY, n. [Lat. impunilas, fr.
impunis, without punishment.] Exemption from punishment, penalty,

Not

ulate not distinct, or with distinction of syllables.

2. (Zool.) Not
jointed or articulated.

In-an'i-mate,
spirit.

Syn.

a.

Lifeless;

Destitute of

life

or

dead; inert; inactive;

dull; spiritless.

In' A- nation (-nish'un), n.

Emptiness exhaustion from want of food.
;

RUE, PULE

E,

I,

O, silent

attention

carelessly.

In-aud'i-ble,

a.
Not audible incapable of being heard,
[heard.
In-aud'i-bly, adv. So as not to bo
In-au'GU-ral, a.
Pertaining to, or
pronounced at, an inauguration.'
n. An inaugural address.
;

IN-AU'GU-RATE,

V. t.
[-ED -ING.\
[Lat. inaugurare, -ratum, fr. pref. in,
to augur.]
1. To induct into office. 2. To set in motion
;

and augurare,

C, G, soft; , G, hard;

Ag

EIST

as

NG

THIS.

INAUGURATION

INCLEMENT

216

also, to make a public exor action

hibition offor the first time.
In-au'gu-RA'TION, n.
1. Act of in-

siderate

less

imprudent

heedless

impolitic
thoughtless.

care-

In an incau-

iN-CJAU'TlotJS-LY, adv.
tious manner.

2.
Solemn or formal
augurating.
beginning of any movement, public

IN'ca-va'tion, n. [Lat. incavare, to

make hollow.] 1. Act of making
exhibition, &c.
hollow.
2. A hollow
excavation.
Not
In'aus-pi'cious (-pish'us), a.
iN-CEN'Di-A-RigM, n. Act or pracauspicious unfortunate unlucky.
tice of maliciously setting fire to
In/aus-pi'cioDs-ly (-plsh'us-), adv.
;

Unfortunately; unfavorably.
Inherence; inherent
In-be'ing, n.

buildings.

infuse by breathing.

In'bred,

a.
Bred within natural.
A king or prince of Peru,
before the conquest of that country
[fine in a cage.
by Jbe Spaniards.
IN-AGE', v. I. [-ED -ING.] To con;,

IN'A, n.

n.
1.
liciously sets fire to another's building. 2. An agitator.
a. [Lat. incen-

diarius ; incendium, a fire.] 1. Pertaining to the malicious burning of a

dwelling. 2. Inflammatory seditious.
IN'CENSE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [L. Lat.
incensare.
See supra.] To perfume
with incense.
n.
1.
Odors of
;

and gums burned in religious

rites. 2. The materials used for proIn-cal'U-la-ble, a. Not capable
ducing a perfume by burning.
of being calculated.
A growing IN-CENSE', v. t. [Lat. incendere, -cenIn'A-les'cence, In.
sum; in and candere, to glow.] To
warm incipiIn'ca-les'^en-cy,
spices

enkindle or inflame to violent anger.

Syn. To enrage; exasperate pro-

ent or increasing heat.

In'ca-les'cent,

a. [Lat. incalescens,
p. pr. of incakscere, to grow hot.]
Growing warm ; increasing in heat.

voke; anger;

irritate; heat; fire.

IN-CEN'TIVE,

a. [Lat. incentive, fr.

i?icintre, to set the tune.]
Inciting

|N'AN-DES'CENCE,n. A white heat.

IN'CAN-DES'^ENT, a. [Lat. incandescens, becoming hot.] White or glow-

encouraging or moving.
n.
That
which incites to determination or ac-

ing with heat.

Syn.
Circumstance: event; fact; adventure; contingency chance: accident;
casualty. See Ciucum stance.
;

IN'CI-DENT'AL, a. 1. Happening a/;

One who maan occasional event. 2. Not necessary

In-cen'di-a-ry,

[innate.

existence.

Implanted by nature;
In'born, a.
IN-BREATHE', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To

Falling upon, as a ray of light.

2.
Coming or happening accidentally
casual. 3. Liable to happen hence,
naturally happening.
n.
1. That
which usually takes place. 2. An
episode or subordinate action.

tion.

td the chief purpose

occasional.

Syn.
Accidental; casual; fortuitous;
contingent. Incidental should never
be confounded with accidental. A nieetjngwitha friend is accidental when it
is simply casual or undesigned; it is incidental to a journey which brings us
together, whether by design or not.

remark incidentally made during a conversation, may be taken up by one accidentally present, and reported to our disadvantage.

n.

An

an occasional

incident;

event.

IN'CI-DENT'AL-LY, adv.

Without

1.

intention: accidentally casually. 2.

Beside the main design.
In-cYn'er-ate, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.}
[Lat. inr.inerare, -ratnm, from in and
cinis, ashes.] To burn to ashes.
In-cin'er-a'tion, n. The act of reducing to ashes by combustion.
In-cTp'i-ence, In. Beginning; com;

Syn. - Motive spur stimulus inIN-CIP'I-EN-OY,

mencement.
citement encouragement.
[Lat. incipiens, fr.
IN-CEP'TION, n. [Lat. inreptio.] Be- IN-^IP'1-ENT, a.
incipere to begin.] Beginning comginning commencement.
mencing,
[ent manner.
want of In-cep'tive, a.
Beginning; coming incapable incapacity
iN-c'lP'I-ENT-LY, adv.
In an incipimencing.
power or qualification.
1.
Not large or IN-CER'TI-TUDE (53), 7i. Uncertainty. IN-CISE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lac. iniN-eA'PA-BLE, a.
cidere, -risum; in and caedere, to
2. Want- In-^es'san-cy,
wide enough to contain.
n.
Unintermitted
cut.] Tocut in; to carve; to engrave.
continuance.
ing physical strength for an effort or
IN-CIS'ION (-sTzh'nn), n. 1. Act of
4. In-Ces'sant, a.
effect.
3. Mentally insufficient.
[Lat. m, not, and

In'can-TA'TION,
See

n.

[Lat. incantatio.

enchantment.
In-ca'pa-bii/i-ty, n. Quality of be;

Enchant.] Act of enchanting

Morally weak.

Not

5.

in a state to

6. Disqualified,

suffer or receive.
a legal sense.

cessare, to cease.] Continuing or following without interruption.

Syn. Unceasing; uninterrupted; un-

in

intermitted; ceaseless;
Syn. See Incompetent.
stant;, perpetual.
In^a-pac'i-tate, v. t. [-ed; -ING.]
1o deprive of capacity or power; to In-ces'sant-ly, adv.

continual

con-

of IN'CEST, n. [Lat. incestnm, fr. inrestus, unchaste.]

Cohabitation between persons related within the de1N'A-PAC'I-TY, vi.
1. Want of cagrees
wherein
marriage
is prohibited
defect of intellectual power
pacity
IN-CEST'U-OUS. a. Guilty of, or in2. Want of legal competency.
volving, incest.
Syn. Inability; incapability incom- In-cest'u-ous-t,y, adv.
In a manpetency; disqualification.
ner to involve the crime of incest.
IN-AR'CER-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] JncH(66), n. [A.-S. fncf.fr. Lat. unc.ia,
[Lat. prefix in and carrerare, to imtwelfth part.] 1. Twelfth part of a
prison.]
To imprison.
1.
2. To
foot.
2. A small distance or degree.
shut up or inclose.
[ment. INCH'-MEAL, n.
A piece an inch
In-car'cer-a'tion, n.
Imprisonlong
a small degree.
adv.
By
IN-AR'NATE,1' t. [-ED; -ING.] [L.
small degrees.
Lat. incarnare, -natum.] To clothe IN'HO-ate, a. [Lat. inrhoatus,-p. p.
with flesh.
[flesh.
of inchoare, to begin.] Recently, or
In-AR'nate (45), a. Invested with
just, begun also, incomplete.
capacity

n.
disqualification.

Want

IN'AR-NA'TION,

??.

1.

a, i,

1,

fj,

Y,

Actofassum- In'cho-a'tion,

ing flesh, or of taking a human body

and the nature of man. 2. A strik\
ingmanifestation.
IN-ASE\ v. t. [-ED; -ing.] To inclose in a case.
lN-AU'Tlotfs. a. Not cautious not
eircumspect.
Syn.
Unwary indiscreet incon-

long; A, E,

I,

n.

Commencement;

Ln-HO'a-TIVE, a.
IN'CI-DENCE, n.

Inceptive.
1. An accident or
casualty.
2. Direction in which a
body, or a ray of light or heat, falls
on any surface.
a.

of incidere, to

6, 0, y, short;

[tooth.

of cutting.

[incision.

In-cis'ure (-sizh/yjr), n. A cut; an

iN-^l'TANT, n. That which incites.
In'ci-ta'tion, n. 1. Act of inciting;
incitement.
2. That which incites
;

incentive.

iN-ciTE',

v.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. in-

t.

in and c/tare, to rouse.] To

to spur
to action
to stir up

citare

move

on.

Syn.

See

Excite.

In-cite'ment,
2.

That which

n.

1.

Act of inciting.

incites.

Motive;

incentive;
spur;
impulse encouragement.
In'CI-vI'l'i-ty, n. 1. Want of civility
2. Any act of rudeness or ill-breeding.
lN-ctv'ISM,. Want of patriotism.

Syn.

stimulus

[-EDJ-1NG.]
V. t.
to embrace.

IN-CLASP',

inception.

IN'CI-DENT,

castic,

Without ceas- In-cI'sor, n. A cutter; hence, a fore

In-ci'so-ry. a. Having the quality

disqualify.

In'ca-pac'i-ta'tion,

cutting into a substance. 2. A cut

a gash.
IN-^I'SIVE, a. Having the quality of
cutting hence, sharp
acute sar-

[Lat. incident:, p. pr.

fall

into or upon.]

CARE, FAR, ask; ALL,

WHAT

1.

clasp

In-LEM'en-cy,
ency harshness
;

iness

n.
;

1.

T<

Want of clen.

severity. 2.

Storm

severe cold.

In-ceem'ent,

a. 1.

Not clement vok

;

of tenderness. 2. Physically severe

rigorously cold, &c.

stormy

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM SON,

;

INCLINABLE
IN-LIN'A-BL,E,

dis-

The quality or

sh.u-), n.

state of be-

Act of inclining leaning. 2. ( Geom.) The angle

made by two lines or planes, which
meet, or which would meet, if pron.

1.

3. A disposition more favorable to one thing than to another.

duced.

Love

affection.

[-ED;-1N6.]

?'.

[Lat.

direction, or course toward an objcet

to lean. 2. To be disposed.
v. t. 1.
To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction.
2 To give a ten-

dency or pro pension

to stoop or bow.

to.

3.

roadj a grade.

lN-LOSE',
surround

-ING.]

To

1.

1. Act
(-klo'zhur), n.
of inclosing state of being inclosed.
3. That
2. That which is inclosed.

IN-GLOS'URE

which

giving trouble.
iN^OM-Md'Dl-oDs-EY, adv.
veniently unsuitably.

able

Inconn. Qual-

ity of being incommunicable.

IN'OM-]YIU'NI-A-bl,e, a. Not comunicable incapable of being imparted to others.
iN'^OM-MU'NI-eA-BLY, adv.
In a
manner not to be communicated.
;

IN'com-MU'ni-ca-tive,

a.

Not

dis-

posed to hold conversation or intercourse with unsocial.

iN^eoivi-MUT/A-Bii/i-TY, n. Quality
of being mcommutable.

incloses.

[-ed; -ING.]

[Lat.
cludcre ,c!audere,
includere, fr.
to
to shut.] 1. To confine within
shut up.
2.
To comprehend; to
t.

maud

embrace.
lN-LIi'glOX,n. Act of including, or
state_of being included.
iN-eLU's'lVE. a. 1. Inclosing; encir2. Comprehending the stated
cling.
[elude.
limit or extremes.

iN-CLf'si'VE-LY, adv. So as to inlN~eo&', adv. [Contr. fr. incognito.]

In concealment in disguise.
In-og'i-ta-tive, a. \VTanting the
power of thought.
;

iVcOM-MUT'A-BLE,

Not commut-

a.

IN'GON-CEIV'A-BIL'I-TY,

In^on-ceiv'a-ble,

Incon-

n.

n.

in-

Qual-

being inconceivable.

ity of

lN / ON-CEIV'A-BLY,a</i\ Ina manner beyond comprehension.

In/con-clu'sive. a. Not conclusive
not settling a doubtful auestion.
iN-'eON-CLU'SiVE-LY, adv. In an inconclusive n manner.
;

In'ON-LU'siVE-ness,

Quality

n.

of being inconclusive.

In-con'gru-ent,
In^on-gru'i-ty,

mind

of being conceived by the

comprehensible.

IN'oon-ckiv'a-ble-ness,

lN-6N'GRU-ENrE,n.

Incapable

a.

not capable of being exchanged

with another.
IN-COM'PA-RA-BLE, a Not comparadmitting of no comparison
able
with others matchless.
In-6m'pa-ra-bly, adv.
Eeyond
comparison without competition.
able

not to be hid.

ceivableness.

[-ED
V. t.
2. To put
to shut in.
within a case or envelope.

XH-CIAJDE', v.

advantage

AD, Inclined Plane.

or descent, as in a

n.An ascent

To cause iN'COM-MU'NI-eA-BlL'I-TY,

Inclined
plane
(Mech.), a plane
that makes an oblique angle with
the plane of the
horizon; a sloping
plane.

Unyielding
2. Refusal

1.

inclinare, fr. in and clinnre, to bend,

incline.]
1. To deviate from a line,

n.

IN'OM-MEN'SU-RA-BL.E (-men'shu-),
or failure to comply.
[simple.
a.
Having no common measure or iN^eoM-POS'iTE, n. Not composite
iN-^OM'PRE-HEN'SI-BlL'I-TY ... The
standard of comparison.
quality of being incomprehensible
lN/OM-MEN'SU-RATE (45), a. Not
commensurate not admitting of a
inconceivableness.
commonmeasure.
iN-eOM'PRE-HEN'SI-BEE, a.
Not
IN'COM-MODE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
comprehensible inconceivable.
[Lat. incommodare, fr. incommodus, lN-OM'PRE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv.
So
inconvenient.] To give inconvenience
as not to be intelligible.
or trouble to.
iN^OM-PRESsa-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality of being incompressible.
Syn. To annoy disturb trouble
molest; inconvenience; disquiet; vex.
lVeOM-PREss'1-BLE, a. Not comiN'eoM-MO'Di-ous (77), a. Tending
pressible
resisting compression.
not affording ease or In^on-ceal'A-ble, a. Notconcealto incommode
;

Syn. Bent; disposition; tendency;

proneness; bias; propensity; prepossession; attachment. See Disposition.
IN-LI!VE', v.

iN'eOM-PLI'ANCE,

temper or constitution.

ing incommensurable.

posed.

In'cli-na'tion,

4.

INCONSISTENCY

217

Somewhat

a.

Want

of con-

gruence or agreement.
[consistent.
a. Unsuitable in;

n.
Want of conunsuitableness of one thing
inconsistency
to another
impro-

gruity

priety.

IN'^OM-PAS'SION-ATE (-pash'un-), a. iN-eoN'GRy-ofrs, a. Not congruous

Not compassionate void of compasnot reciprocally agreeiug.
;

sion or pity.

Syn. Inconsistent; unsuitable

In^om-pat'I-bil'i-ty,
being incompatible

IN'COM-PAT'I-BLE,

n. Quality of
inconsistency.

Inconsistent
Not compati- iN-eoN'GRU-oOs-EY, adv.

a.

irreconcilably opposed.
incongruous
Syn. Inconsistent

ble

un-

See

Unsuit-

ably.

suited; inappropriate; unfit; improper.

dissimilar; irreconcilable; discordant;

repugnant; contradictory. See Incon-

sistent.

lN-ON'SE-QUENT,a.

Not follow-

1.

ing from the premises

Inconsistent.

In-con/se-quen tial

illogical.

2.

(-kwen-'shal),

In'gom-pat'I-bly,
Inconsista.
1. Not regularly following from
ently incongruously.
[It., Sp.,
the premises. 2. Of little moment.
an assumed In-gom'pe-tence, )n. 1. Want of IN'CON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a. Unworthy
character, and under an assumed ti- In-6m'pe-ten-'cy, j sufficient powof
consideration
unimportant
er, either physical, intellectual, or
tle.
1. One unknown or under
n.
trivial.
moral. 2. Want of legal fitness.
an assumed character. 2. AssumpiVeoN-slD'ER-ATE. a. Not considIN-COM'PE-TENT, a. Not competent
tion of a feigned character.
erate not attending to the circumwanting in adequate strength, power,
In'co-her'ence, In. 1. Want of
stances which regard safety or procapacity, means, qualifications, &c.
coherence, coiN'eo-HER'EN-CY,
priety.
In-<5g'ni-to,

&

a. or

Unknown

Fr.]

adv.

adv.

Want

hesion, or adherence. 2.
connection incongruity.

of

IN'CO-HER'ENT,

a.

1.

wanting cohesion.

2.

Not coherent;
Incongruous

inconsistent.

IN'CO-HER'ENT-LY, adv. In an incoherent manner inconsistently.

;

In'com-bus'ti-bil'i-ty,

Quality
n.
of being incombustible.
iN'coM-BtJs'Ti-BT.E, a. Not combustible
not capable of being burned.
;

In'6me

n. Annual gain from labor,

business, or property of any kind
,

revenue

receipts.
[N'OM-ING, a. Coming in

act, service, &c: incapable is absolute in its meaning, denoting want of

given

power, either natural or moral. We

speak of a man as incompetent to a certain task, of an incompetent judge, &e.
We say of an idiot, that he is incapatile
of learning to read: and of a man distinguished for his honor, that he is incapable of a mean action.

IiV-eoM'PE-TENT-LY,
quately

accruing.

a.

ished state
;

Inade-

E,

I,

n.

defective.

An

unfin-

imperfectness.
o, silent

Thoughtless ; inattentive ; inSyn.

advertent; heedless; negligent; improvident; careless; imprudent; indiscreet;
incautious; injudicious; rash; hasty.

IN/con-sid'er-ate-ly, adv. Without due regard to consequences.

LN'ON-SlD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Wanfc
of due regard to consequences.
In'con-si'd'er-a'tion,

due consideration.
In^con-sist'ence,

9,G,.sq/i!;

n.

Want

n.

of.

Quality
of being in1.

IN'CON-sIst'EN-'cy,
consistent such contrariety between
two things that both can not exist or
be true together. 2. Unsteadiness;
(

Not comp'ete

imperfect

In^om-plete'ness,

wolf, too, TOOK; URN, rue, pull

adv.

not suitably.

IN'OM-plete',
unfinished

lN/eOM-MEN'SU-RA-BIL'1-TY (-men'or, do,

Svn. Tncapable.
Incompetent is a
relative term, denoting a want of the
requisite qualifications for performing a

changeableness.

v,G, hard; As; e^ist;

u<wNG; this

in

;;

unseasona-

number, degree, value, intensity, au

thority, reputation, &c.; to grow;
to augment.

INCONSISTENT
ably

at variance, especially as regards

character, sentiment, or action.

Syn.

Incompatible

incongruous

discordant; contradictory.
Things are
incongruous when they are not suited to
each other, so that their union is unbecoming; inconsistent when they are op-

posed to each other, so as to render it

improper or wrong; incompatible when
they can not co-exist, and it is therefore
impossible to unite them. Habitual levity of

mind

is

incongruous with the pro-

fession of a clergyman; it is inconsistent

with his ordination vows; it is incompatible with his permanent usefulness.

lN^ON-slsT'ENT-LY, adv.

In an

in-

consistent manner.

In^on-soi/a-ble,

Not consola-

a.

not to be consoled.
adv. So as not
to admit of consolation.
In-gon'so-nan^e, \n. Want of conIn-con'so-nan-cy, J
sonance
or
ble

IN^ON-sol'a-BLY,

uous

bly.

Not ca-

n.

pable of being converted into something else.

iN^eoN-VERT'l-BLE a. Not convertible
not capable of being changed
,

into something else.

iN'CON-vi'N'ci-BLE, a.

iN-eOR'PO-RATE.

V.

[-ED

t.

[Lat. incorporate^ -ratum, fr.

-ING.]
in, not,

and

corpus, body.] I. To combine,

ingredients, into one
2. To form into a legal body,
or body politic.
v. i.
To unite so
as to make a part of another body.
lN-6R/po-RA'TION,n. 1. Act of incorporating, or state of being incorporated. 2. Formation of a legal or
politicalbody.

as

different

mass.

In'OR-po're-al

has enlarged views, plans, pros-

pects, &c. Riches,

are increase*.

v.

wisdom, appetite, &c.

To make greater in bulk,

quantity, or amount; to improve in
t.

quality.

IN-REASE', or IN'CREASE (115), n.

1. A growing larger in size, extent,
quantity, &c. 2. That which results from growth. - 3. Progeny
;

issue

Syn.

offspring.

Augmentation

extension

growth

enlargement;
increment addi;

tion; accession-.

Not corpo- In-cred'i-bIl'i-ty, n.

(89), a.

not consisting of matter.

Syn. Immaterial
unsubstantial

real

Syn. Enlarge. Enlarge implies a

widening of extent; increase an accession in point of size, number, strength,
&c.
A kingdom is enlarged by conquest, and the mind by knowledge; a

man
Incapable of

being convinced.

Not conspic-

hardly discernible.

incommodiously

IN'gon-vert'1-bIl'i-ty,

harmony.
lN'CON-SPl'e'U-oiJS, a.

INCUMBENT

218

Not consistent

lN/ON-s'fsT'ENT, a.

bodiless;_spiritual.

Quality of
being incredible, or surpassing belief
In-gred'i-ble, a. Not credible impossible to be believed.
[ity.
;

In'cor-po're-ae-ly, adv. Without In-cred'i-ble-ness, n. Incredibilbody immaterially.

In-red'i-bly, adv. In a manner to
stancy mutability fickleness.
iN'edR-RECT',
a.
1. Not correct;
precludebelief.
In-ON'stant, a. Subject to change
not according to a model, or to es- IN'CRE-DU'LI-TY, n. Quality of beof opinion, inclination, or purpose.
tablished
rules.
2.
ing
Not
incredulous indisposition to bein
accordSyn. Mutable fickle; volatile; un-

In-6n'stan-Y,

Want

n.

of con-

ance with the truth or with morality.

steady; unstable.

lieve.

Syn. Inaccurate; erroneous; wrong. iN-CRED'u-LoiJS (77), a. Not creduIn-6n'stant-:ly, adv. In an inIN'COR-RECT'LV, adv. Inaccurately.
lous
indisposed to believe
skepconstant manner.
[able.
IN'cor-rect'ness,
tical,
/
n.
Want of con[lity.
lN -eoN-sOM'A-BL,E, a. Not consumformity to truth or to a standard
In-crEd'U-loGs-ness, n. IncreduIN'ON-tst'a-bl,e a. Not contest;

able

IN'RE-MENT,

inaccuracy.

too clear to be controverted.

Syn. Incontrovertible; indisputable;
irrefragable
undeniable unquestiona-

iN-eoR'Ri-Gi-BiL'l-TY,

ble; indubitable.

In-OR'RI-Gi-bee,

n. [Lat.

incrementum.]

IN'con-test'a-bly, adv.
ably

Indisput*

incontrovertibly.

Quality

n.

of being incorrigible.

Increase; augmentation. 2. Matadded increase produce.

In-crescent, a. Increasing grow1.

ter

a.
Incapable of
being corrected or amended.

In-cor'ri-gi-ble-ness,

Incorri-

n.

ing; augmenting.

IN-RUST', V. t.
[-ED -ING.] To
cover with a crust.
IN'crus-ta'tion, n. 1. Act of in;

gibility.
In'con-tig'u-ous, a.
Not contigIn-OR'ri-GI-ELY, adv.
uous separate.
In an incorrigible manner.
crusting, or state of being incrusted.
In-:6n'TI-NENE, \n. Quality of
2. A crust or coat on the surface of
iN-eoN'Tl-NEN-CY,
being inconti- IN'COR-rOpt', a. 1. Not affected with
corruption or decay. 2. Not defiled
nent; want of 'restraint of the pasa body.
pure untainted.
sions or appetites.
IN'CU-BATE, V. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
J or depraved
incubare, -batum, to lie on.] To sit,
lN-ON'TI-NENT,a. Not continent; lN OR-Ru-pT i-BiL'i-TY, n. Incapability of corruption.
not restraining the passions or appeas on eggs for hatching.
IN'cor-rupt'i-ble, a. 1. Incapable iN'eu-BA'TION, n. Act of sitting on
tites, particularly Ine sexual appetite.
;

n.
One who is unchaste.
In-on'ti-nent-ly, adv. 1. With-

out due restraint

unchastely.
Immediately at once.
;

2.

In'con-trol'la-ble,
trollable

Not con-

a.

lN-ON'TRO-VERT'I-BLE,

Too

a.

admit of dispute.
Be-

In-con'tro-vert'i-bly, adv.
yond dispute.

IN'GON-VEN'IE^E,

n.

1.

tage; disquiet; uneasiness; disturbance;

annoyance; molestation; trouble.

inconvenience

sion

Inflexi-

liable to decay.

To occa-

t.

or

JN'cu-BtJs, n. ; Eng. pi. lN'-eu-BCsEs; Lat. pi. 1n'cu-bi. [Lat.] The

nightmare hence, any oppressive or
stupefying influence.
IN-UL'ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
;

/:

mind

of hatching

eggs for the purpose

young.
n.

n.
Absence of, or
exemption from, corruption.
lN eoR-RijPT'NESS, n. 1. Exemption
from decay or corruption. 2. Purity of

of
convengives trouble
or uneasiness.
Syn.
Incommodiousness: disadvan-

v.

2.

Quality of being incorruptible, or not

Want IN-RAS'SATE,

iN'eON-VEN'iEN-CY,
ience.
2. That which

iN'eON-VEN'iENCE,

of corruption or decay.

bly just and upright.

In'gor-rupt'i-ble-ness,

iN^eoR-RDp'TlON,

uncontrollable.

clear or certain to

manners
v.

integrity.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

[Lat. incrassare, -satmn, fr. in and

crassus, thick.]
To make thick or
thicker to thicken.
v. i.
To become thick or thicker.

In-Ras'sate,
In-Ras'sa-ted,

a.

Made
fat;

inspissated.

thick or
thickened;

inculcare, -catum, totread on.] To

impress by frequent admonitions.

iN'CUL-eA'TlON, n. Act of impressing by repeated admonitions.

lN-tJL'PA-BLE, a. Without fault.
iN-eOl/PATE, V. I. [-ED -ING.] [L.
Lat. inculpare, -patum, fr. in and
ndpa, fault.] To blame; to censure;
;

to criminate.

[crimination.

IN'CUL-PA'TION, n. Blame censure

In-UL'pa-to-ry, a. Imputing blame
;

incom-

IN'CRAS-SA'TION, n. Act of thickenor guilt.

mode.
ing, or becoming thick inspissation. iN-cfJM'BEN-CY, n. 1. State of being
In'CON-VEN'IENT, a. 1. Unfit in- In-rXs'sa-tive, a.
incumbent. 2. That which is inHaving the
expedient. 2. Giving trouble or unquality of thickening.
cumbent. 3. That which is imposed,
easiness disadvantageous inoppor- Increase', v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
as a rule or a duty. 4. State of holdtune.
increscere. fr. in and crescere, to grow.]
ing a benefice, or office.
IN'CON-VEN'IENT-LY, adv. UnsuitTo become greater in bulk, quantity, TN-cfJM'BENT, a. [Lat. incumbens
to

to

I, e,

I.

o, u, y, long;

,I, 6, u, y, short;

cAre, far, ask, all, what; ere, veii^ trm; pique, fIrm s6n,
;

INCUR
pr.

In-UR',

v.

[-RED -RING.] [Lat. inrun into or toward.] To

c.

currere, to

meet or fall in with, as something

from which inconvenience or harm is
[incurable.
to be apprehended.
In-cur'a-bi'l'i-ty, n. State of being
IN-cur'a-ble, a. Not curable: incapable of being cured or remedied.
Syx. Irremediable

remediless

ir-

sick person

IN'de-co'rum,

Want

who can

In-dee D', adv.

vering; assiduous.

curable.

iN-eu'RI-ous,

a.

tute of curiosity

Not curious

In'de-fat'i-ga-bly, adv.

a cut in the marrecess or depression.

a notch

An

agreement

in writing between two or

more par-

(53), n.

whereof each party has usually

ties,

a part.

IN'DE-PEND'ENCE,

State or qual-

n.

being independent exemption

from reliance on others, or control
from them.
In'de-PEND'ent, a. 1. Not depend-

Without

ent
Quality

Not

a.

feated: incapable of being

to be de-

made void.

Not

a.

liable to

defect, failure, or decay.

Not capable

a.

of being defended, maintained, or

justified.

In-cOr'sive, a. Making an incursion.

IN-(JRV'ATE, V. t.
[-E1); -ING.]
[Lat. incurvare, -vacum.]
To bend

Un-

yielding to fatigue.

liV'DE-FEA/si-BiL/l-TY, n.
of being indefeasible.

desti-

uninquisitive.
iN-efjR'SION, n. [Lat. hicursio.] Act
of entering into a territory with hostile intention.
Syx.
Invasion; inroad; raid; foray.

n.

weariedness.

IN'de-fen'si-ble,

2.

In-dent'ure

ity of

IN'DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE-NESS,

So as to be in-

denting
gin.

IN'de-fect'I-ble.

lN-0R'A-BLY,a<2u.

In reality in fact
sometimes used interjectionally.
IN'de-fat'i-ga-ble, a. Incapable
of being fatigued.
Syh. Unwearied untiring; perse-

not be

cured.

decorum

of
impropriety of behavior.
71.

IN'de-fea'si-ble,

recoverable: irretrievable.

n.

INDICATION

219

of incumbere, to lie down

upon.] 1. Lying or resting upon.
2. Lying or resting, as duty.
n.
One who is in present possession of
a benefice, or any office.
p.

;;

[fense.

In'de-fen'sive, a. Having no deIn/de-fjn'a-ble, a.

Incapable of
being defined.

IN-DEF'1-NITE, a. 1. Not defined or

limited. 2
Having no determined

not subject to the control of

;
others.
2. Affording a comfortable
livelihood. 3. Not subject to bias or
influence. 4. Free; easy; bold. 5.

Belonging or pertaining to the Independents.

n.
One who believes
that an organized church is complete
in itself, and independent of all ecclesiastical authority.
[control.
IN'de-pend'ent-ly, adv. Without
IN'de-scrib'a-ble, a. Incapable of
being described.
In'de-sert', n. Want of merit.
In'de-struc'ti-bil'i-ty, n. Quality of being indestructible.

In'de-struc'ti-BLE,

or certain limits.

In-DEF'i-nite-LY, adv. In an indef-

structible

Not

a.

de-

incapable of decomposi-

[upward.

to crook.

In-0rv'ate, a. Curved inward or

IN'CUR-VA'TION, n. Act of bending
or state of being bent curvature.
IN-URVE,' V.t. [-ED; -ING.]
To
bend to make crooked.
[ature.
;

n. Crookedness curv(-det'-), a.
1. Placed in
debt
being under obligation.
2.
Obliged by something received held
to pay.
;

In-debt'ed
;

tion.

In'de-tEr'mi-na-ble,

In'de-his'cence,

Property of
n.
not opening at maturity.
In'de-his'cent, a.
Not opening
spontaneously at maturity.
iN-DEi/i-BiL'i-TY, .
Quality of
being indelible.

Impossi-

a.

ble to be determined, or fixed.

In'de-ter'mi-nate

certain.

iN-e&RV'I-TY,

manner

not precisely.
In-def'i-nTte-ness, n. Quality of
being undefined, or not precise and
inite

terminate

not fixed

Not

(45), a.
;

definitely

not with precise

de-

uncertain.

IN'DE-TER'MI-NATE-LY, adv.

In-

limits.

IN'DE-TER'MI-NA'TION, n. 1. Want
of determination an unsettled state,
;

as of the mind. 2. Want of fixed or

IN-DEL'I-BLE, a.
[Lat. indelebili* ;
stated direction.
[tion
impiety.
delebilis,
not,
and
capable
In'de-vo'tion,
Want of devoin,
of
ben.
(-det'-), rt.
State
Not to Le blotted In'de-vout', a. Not devout.
ing destroyed.]
of being indebted.
In'dex, n. ; Eng. pi. IN'DEX-Eg Lat
out incapable of being effaced.
IN-DE'CEN-OY, n. 1. Want of depi. in'di-pes.
That
[Lat.]
1.
cency. 2. An indecent word, act, or In-del'i-bly, adv. In a manner not
be
to
effaced.
which points out, or indicates
a
the like.
pointer or a hand that directs to any
Syx. Indelicacy indecorum; im- In-del'i-ca-cy, n. Want of delimodesty; impurity; obscenity.
cacy coarseness of manners or lanthing. 2. Any table for facilitating
In-dE'cent, a. Not decent; unfit
guage.
reference in a book. 3. The fore
In-del'i-cate (45), a. Not delicate
finger.
to be seen or heard.
4. (Aritk. & Alg.)
An exoffensive to good manners, or to puponent. [In this sense, the pi. is inSyx. Unbecoming; indecorous: inunseemly immodest gross
delicate
rity of mind.
dices.] v.t. [-ED; -ING.] To proshameful; impure; unchaste; obscene.
vide with an index.
Syx. Indecorous; unbecoming; unIN-DE'CENT-LY, adv. In a manner
seenily; rude coarse broad; impolite; In'dia-man (Ind'ya- or hVdi-a-, 150),
gross; indecent.
to offend delicacy.
[evergreen.
n.
A large shin employed in the InIN'de-CID'U-oDs, a. Not deciduous
In-del'i-cate-ly, adv. In an india trade.
delicate manner.
In'de-ci'pher-a-ble, a. Incapable
In'dian (md'yan or hydY-an), a. PerIN-DEM'NI-FI-CA'TION, n. 1. Act Of
of being decipheied.
taining to the Indies, East or West, or
IN'DE-CIS'ION (-slzh'un), n.
Want
indemnifying
reimbursement of
to the aborigines of America.
n. 1.
loss.
2. That which indemnifies.
.of decision
irresolution.
A native or inhabitant of the Indies.
In'de-ci'sive, a.
1.
Not decisive; IN-DEjVI'NI-FY, V.t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]
2. One of the aboriginal inhabitants
not bringing to a final close.
[L. Lat., fr. ?,EOt, and damnificare,
2.
of America.
Wavering hesitating.
fr. damnum, damage, loss.]
1. To
Indian ink, a substance from China,
In'de-ci'sive-ness, n. State of besecure against future loss.
2. To
used for water colors. It consists of
;

IN-DEBT'ED-NESS

ing indecisive.

I'DE-LiN'A-BLE,
termination

reimburse.
a.

Not varied by

<.

n.

[Lat. indemnitas,

indemnis, uninjured.]
1.
Exemption from loss or damage, past
or to come. 2. Compensation or remuneration for loss or injury.
IN-DENT', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
fr.

In'de-clIn'a-bly,

adv.
Without
variation of termination.
lN'DE-CO'ROlJS. or iN-DEC'O-ROUS,
c.
Not decorous
violating good
;

manners.

points

by indenture.

IN'DE-CO'ROUS-LY, or iN-DEc'OROUS-LY, adv. In an unbecoming

wolf, too, took; urn,

and dens,

tooth.]
1. To cut into
to notch.
2. To bind out
3. (Print.) To begin
further in from the margin than the
rest of a paragraph.
In'den-ta/tion, n.
1. Act of inin

Syx. Unbecoming:; unseemly; rude;

coarse; impolite; uncivil.

6r, do,

IN-DEM'NI-TY,

rije,

pull

e,

1,

o, silent

c, G, soft;

-e,

lamp-black and animal glue.

In'diA ROb'ber (Ind'ya or
See

ln'di-a).

Caoutchouc.

In'di ANT, a.
as a remedy.

Serving to point out,

n.
That
dicates or points out.

which

in-

lN'DI-ATE,t>.. L"ED; -ING.] [Lat.

indicate, -catum, fr. in and dicare, to
1.
proclaim.]
To point out; to
show. 2. (Med.) To manifest by
symptoms to point to as the proper
;

remedies.

In'di-ca'tion,
g, hard;

AR

n.

EXIST

1.
;

Act of
as

indi-

NG this
;

INDICATIVE
That which serves to

eating. 2.

indi-

cate
mark token sigu symptom.
1n-di'a-t'ive, a.
Pointing out;
bringiug to notice giving intimation
or knowledge of something not visible or obvious.
;

INDOMITABLE

220

Indicative mode (Gram.), that mode

of the verb whicli indicates, that is,
which affirms or denies.

IN'DIG-NA'TION, n.
probation of what

strong disap-

is

flagitious

in

anger mingled
with contempt, disgust, or abhorcharacter or conduct

rence.

ment; fury

ire

resent-

Angeb.
Unmerited

See

rage.

wrath

In-dIg'ni-ty, n.
contemptuous treatment
contumely
injury with insult.
ner to indicate.
IN'DI-GO, n. [Lat. indicum, indigo,
iN'di-ca'tor, n. One who, or that
from India.] A blue coloring matter
which, shows or points out.
from certain plants.
in'di-ca-to-ry, a. Serving to show. In'di-RECT'. a. 1. Not direct
not
In-dict' (in-dhV), v. t. [-ED -ING.]
straight.
2. By remote means.
3.
;

[Lat. indicere, indictum,

in and dicere, to say,
charge with a crime, in
law, by the finding of a

to proclaim

To
speak.]
due form of
grand jury.
In-dict'a-BLE (-dit'a-bl), a. Subject to indictment,

In-bict'er

[diets.

One who

(-dlt'-), n.

In-dic'TION,

[See supra.]
of fifteen years, instituted
stantine the Great.

IN-d|c'ti VE

n.

a.

in-

cycle

by Con-

(-dit'-), n.
A formal
charge of a crime preferred to a court
by a grand jury under oath hence,
;

3.

Impartiality.

2.

4.

Medioc-

state

of the mind when it feels no anxiety

or interest.
Carelessness; negligence; unSyn.

concern; apathy; insensibility.

tinct manner
not clearly.
In'dis-TINCT'NESS, n. Want of
:

tinctness,

dis-

[be distinguished.

heedless.

Not

adv.

dis-

inconsiderately, [separated.
IN^DIS-CRETE', a.
Not discrete or
In'dis-cre'tion (-kresh'un). n. 1.
imprudence.
Want of discretion
2. Indiscreet act or behavior.
creetly

hasty

iN'Dis-CRiftl'I-NATE, a. Wanting discrimination

not making any dis;

or distinct nature or existence. 2.

Distinctive character.
v. i. [-ED -ING.]
To select or mark as an individual.
IN/DI-VID'U-AE-EY, adv.
1.
Sepa-

IN'DI-VID'U-AL-JZE,

rately.
2. Inseparably
incommunicabl}-.
lN'Di'-vi'g-'i-BiL'i-TY, n.
State or
property of being indivisible.
In'di-visj'i-ble, a. 1. Not divisible ;
not separable into parts. 2. Not capable of exact division incommensurable.
n. 1. That which is indi;

(Geom.) One of the

elements or principles, supposed to be

infinitely small, into which a body
or figure may be resolved an infinitesimal.
IN/dj-viVi-bly, adv. So as not to be
capable of division.
iN-Doc'I-BLE, a. Incapable of being
taught, or not easily instructed intra table.
[intractable.
iN-Doc'iLE, a. Not teachable ; dull
IN'DO-CIL'I-TY, n.
Dullness of invisible.

2.

sistence.

or quality of being indispensable.

Syn. Poverty; want; need; pauperism.

Poverty is generic, denoting a deficiency in tne means of living; indigence is stronger, implying an absence
of the necessaries of life. Both express

permanent
applied

distinction

In-dif'fer-ENT, a. 1. Not making

a difference; of no account. 2. Passtinction.
able mediocre. 3. Impartial un- IN'DIS-crIm'I-NATE-ly, adv. Withbiased.
4. Feeling no interest, anxout distinction in confusion.
iety, or care, respecting any thing.
iVDIS-CRiMa-NA'TION, n. Want of
In-dif'fer-ent-ly, adv. In an indiscrimination or distinction.
different manner.
IN'dis-pen'sa-ble, a. Not dispenIn'di-gence, In. Want of means
sable impossible to be spared.
In'di-gen-cy, ) of comfortable sub- IN'DIS-PEN'SA-BLE-NESS, H.
State
;

1. Want c*
confusion. 2. Equality
of rank or condition.
In'dis-tInct'ly, adv. In an indie-

In'dis-tinc'tion, n.

rity.

distinguishable.
mind confused.
Syn. Undefined; undistinguishable;
obscure; indefinite; vague; uncertain.

IN'dis-tIn'guish-a-ble. a. Not to
[tices.
Unfair dishonest.
IN-DITE', v. t. [-ED -ING ]
[Cf.
iN'DI-REC'TiON, n. Dishonest pracIndict.] 1. To direct what is to bo
IN/di-rect'ly, adv. In an indirect
uttered or written. 2. To compose
manner.
to write.
IN/d'i's-cern'i-ble (-diz-zcrn'-), a. In-dite'ment, n. Act of inditing.
Incapable of being discerned.
IN'DI-VID'U-AL, a. [Lat. individuu.t,
In'dis-cerp'tibil'i-ty, n. Incafr. in, not, and dividuus, divisible.]
pacity of dissolution.
1 Not divided, or not to be divided
IN'dis-cerp'ti-ble, a.
Incapable
single.
2. Pertaining to one onty
of being destroyed by dissolution.
hence, distinctive.
n.
A single
IN'dis-cov'er-A-ble, a. Incapable
person, animal, or thing.
of being discovered.
iN'DI-viD'U-AL ipm, ??.
1. Quality
IN'dis-CREET', a.
Not discreet;
of being individual. 2. Excessive rewanting in discretion.
gard to one's personal interest.
Syn. Imprudent
injudicious
in- IN'DI-VID'U-^L'I-TY, n.
1. Separate

an accusation in general.
In-dif'fer-ence, n. 1. Quality of
considerate
rash
being indifferent, or not making or IN'dis-creet'ly.
difference.

insepa-

Not

distinct or
2. Obscure to the
1.

Proclaimed.

In-dict'ment

measuring a

separation

resisting
rably.

Syn. Anger

In a man-

IN-DI'A-T1VE-LY, adv.

ner

In'dis-TInct', a.

states.
Want and need are
usually to states which are tem-

porary or occasional, as want of clothing,

need of fuel; but are sometimes used in
a more abstract sense, as a state of want
or of need, being then identical with
poverty.

IN'DIS-PEN'SA-BLY adv. Necessarily.

,

IN'DIS-POSE',!'. t. [-ED; -ING.]

To render unfit; to disqualify.

To make somewhat

ill.

3.

To

1.

2.

disin-

cline.

iVdis-pos/ed-ness,

Condition

n.

or quality of being indisposed.

In-dis'po-s'i'tion (-zTsh'un), n. 1.
Condition of wanting adaptation. 2.
Slight disorder of the body. 3. Dis-

tellect

intractableness.

lN-t>OC'TRI-NATE,r. t. [-ED; -ING.]

To instruct in the rudiments or prin-

iN-DlG'E-NOOs, a. [Lat. indigenvs.]

aversion.
inclination
ciples of learning.
Native born or originating in, as in In-dis'pu-ta-ble, a. Not disputa- In-doc'TRI-na'tion,
Act of inn.
a country.
ble too evident to admit of dispute.
doctrinating information.
In'di-gent, a. [Lat. indigens, p. pr.
Syn. Incontestible; unquestionable; IN'DO-LENCE,
[Lat. indolentia,
n.
;

of indigere, to stand in need of.]

Destitute of means of comfortable
subsistence needy poor.
LN'dI-GEST'ed, a. 1. Not digested
crude. 2. Not regularly disposed
and arranged.
;

IN'DI-GEST'I-BLE, a. Not digestible.

In'di-ges'tion (-jest'\un), (6-3). n.
Want of due digestion dyspepsia.

incontrovertible; undeniable; irrefragable; indubitable; certain; positive.

IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE-NESS,

State or
quality of being indisputable.
n.

iN-Dis'PU-TA-BEY, adv. Without

dis-

pute unquestionably.
In-dis'so-lu-bIl'i-ty, n. 1. Quality of being indissoluble.
2. Perpetuity of union or binding force.
In-dis'so-lu-ble, a. 1. Not capable
;

IN'DO-LEN-CY,
lere.

ness

fr. in,

to feel pain.]
laziness.

IN'do-lent,

and do-

not,

Habitual

idle-

Habitually idle.
Indolent tumor (Med.), a tumor causing little or no pain.
Syn. Idle lazy sluggish listless;
a.

See Idle.

inactive.

IN'DO LENT-LY, adv. In an indolent

In-dig'NANT, a.
[Lat. indignans.]
manner lazily.
Affected with anger and scorn or
of being dissolved or melted. 2. In-dom'i-ta-ble, a. [Lat. in and
contempt.
[nant manner.
domitare, to tame.] Not to be subPerpetually binding.
In-dig'nant-ly, adv. In an indig- In-e-is'so-lu-bly, adv. In a mandued invincible.
:

A, E,

I,

Q,V,Y, long; A, li, 1,6,0,

Y, Short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM S6N,
;

INDORSABLE

INEXCUSABLENESS

221

One who inducts an- In-EF'fi-A'cious,

a.
Not efficaindorsed.
cious not having power to produce
other into office.
lN-DORSE',r. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.Vra In-due', v. t.
the effect desired, or the proper effect.
[-ed -ing.] [Lat.
and dorsum, tbe back.] 1. To write
Want of power
induere.] 1. To put on, as clothes. IN-EF'FI-GA-CY, n.
one's name upon the back of, as a
to
to produce the desired or proper
2. To invest
hence, to endow

In-dor'sa-bl,e,

Capable of being

a.

lN-DUT'OR,

n.

note, draft, &c, for the purpose of

securing the payment of it. 2. To
give one's support to to sanction.
;

n. One to whom a note

assigned by indorsement.
n.
1.
A writing
on the back of a note, bill, or the
like.
2. Sauction or support given.
In-du'bi-oCs, a.
Not dubious or
doubtful certain.
In-du'bi-ta-ble, a. Not dubitable
too plain to admit of doubt.

IN'DOR-SEE',
or

bill is

In-dorse'ment,

Unquestionable

Syn.

controvertible

ble; irrefragable.

In-du'bi-ta-Bly, adv.
ly

Undoubted-

unquestionably.

In-duce',

v.

t.

[-ed; -ING.]

[Lat.
ducere, to lead.]

inducere, fr. in aud

To lead in to introduce. 2. To prevail on
to influence.
3. To cause
1.

by mere proximity.
Syn. To move; instigate; urge; impel; incite; press; effect; cause.

In-duce'ment,

That which

n.

influence.

In-du'ci-bee,

Capable of being

a.

induced.

IN-DUT',

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

inducere, inductum.
See Induce.]
V.

t.

To bring in to introduce. 2. To
introduce, as to a benefice or office.
In-DU'TI'le, a. Not ductile; incapable of being extended by drawing.
IN-dug'tion, n. 1. Act of inducting or bringing in introduction. 2.
Act of reasoning from a part to a
whole, or from particulars to generals.
3. Formal introduction of a
person into an office. 4. Property
1.

[-EDj -ING.] [Lat.

t.

in and dulcis, sweet,

To yield to the desire of.
2. To grant a3 by favor.
Syn. To gratify humor cherish
foster; harbor; allow; favor. See Gratify.
v. i.
To practice a forbidden or
questionable act without restraint.
Ln-dOl'Gence, n. 1. Forbearance
In-dOl'Gen-cy, J of restraint or
control. 2. Favor granted liberalReity.
3. (Rom. Cath. Church.)
mission of the punishment due to

indulgere,
kind.] 1.

fr.

sins,

granted by the pope or church.

In-el/e-gance, n. Quality of beIN-el'e-gan-CY, }

iug inelegant;
want of elegance.
In-el'e-gant, a. Not elegant wanting in any thing which correct taste
)

[gaut manner.
In-el'e-gant-ly, adv. In an ineleiN-EL/i-Gl-BiL'l-TY, n.
Incapacity
of being elected to an office.
requires.

mildly

favorably.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
indurare, -atum, fr. in and durare, to
harden.] To grow hard; to harden
;

v.

t.

V.

To make hard.

1.

In'du-rate,
soft.

2.

a.

To

2.

Hardened; not

1.

Unfeeling; obdurate.
1. Act or process

IN'du-ra'tion,^.
of hardening.

Obduracy

2.

stiff-

ness.

In-dOs'TRI-al,

Pertaining to, or

a.

consisting in, industry.

In-dOs'tri-oDs,
dustry.
pursuit.

2.

not worthy to be chosen.

i.

a.

Given to

1.

in-

Diligent in a particular

INEPT',

[Lat. ineptus, fr. in, not,

apt, fit.]
1. Not apt or
unsuitable.
2. Foolish ;
silly.
[being inept.
IN-EPT'I-TUDE (53), n.
Quality of
IN'E-QUAL'I-TY (-kwol'i-ty ), n.
1.
Want of equality or uniformity difit

In-ert'

lN-DiJ'TlON-AE,

pedes action.

IN-ER'TI-A (in-eVshi-a), n. 1. Property of matter by which it tends

when at rest to remain so, and when
in motion to continue in motion.
2.
Indisposition to move.
[sluggishly.
In-ert'ly, adv.
Without activity
In-ert'ness, n. 1. Want of activity
or exertion sluggishness.
2. Absence of the power of self-motion.
IN-ES'TI-MA-BLE, a.
Incapable of
;

being estimated

a.

ing.

1.

Pertaining to

Leading or draw-

IN'EF-FET'U-AL,

Useless

Syn.

a.

Not producing

inefficient

tating, induction.

In-ef'fer-ves'cent,

OR, do, wolf, TOO, TOOIL

ineffica-

certainlv.
a.
Not exact
cisely correct or true.
a.
Not
excuse or justification.

iN'EX-XeT',

cious; vain; fruitless; weak.

In'ef-fect'u-al-ly, adv.

In-dOct'ive-ly, adv. By induction.

In a mannei

Proceeding or derived by induction. 3. Operating by, or facili2.

invaluable.

not to be estimated.

[being effaced. In-ev'i-ta-ble, a. Incapable of be

In'ef-face'a-BLE, a. Incapable of
ing avoided unavoidable.
IN'ef-fect'ive , a. Incapable of pro- In-ev'i-ta-ble-ness, n.
State of
ducing any effect, or the effect inbeing unavoidable.
tended.
[the proper effect. In-ev'1-TA-bly, adv. Unavoidably;
.

a.

In-es'ti-ma-bly, adv.

unutterably.

induction.

In-DUT'Ive,

Without power

itself,

Syn. Inactive; sluggish.

A man
be inactive from mere want of stimulus to effort, but one who is inert haa
something in his constitution or his habits which operates like a weight holding
him back from exertion. Sluggish (from
slug) is still stronger, implying some defect of temperament which directly im-

method. By induction Franklin

established the identity of lightning and
by deduction he inferred that
dwellings might be protected by lightning-rods.

1.

or of active resistance to motion impressed. 2. Indisposed to exertion dull.

logistic

[Lat. iners, inertis,

(14), a.

unskilled, idle.]

of moving

n.
Residence in the
interior abode.

electricity;

may

the svl-

unfit

2. Want of levelness.
3.
Disproportion to any office or purpose; inadequacy.
In-eq'ui-ta-ble, a. Not equitable
not just.

either bodily or mental.

Syn. See Diligence.

heart or soul

versity.

In-dOs'tri-ous-ly, adv. Diligently.

IN'dus-try, n. [Lat. industrial Habitual diligence in any employment,

In-dwell'ing,

a.

and aptus,

is

gence

IN'DU-RATE,

In-e'bri-ant, a. Intoxicating.
electrical,
IN-E'BRI-ATE, v. t.
[-ED
-ING.]
galvanic, or magnetic polarity, causes
[Lat. inebriare, -atum ; in, used intenit in another body without
direct
sively, and ebriare, to make drunk.]
contact.
To make drunk to intoxicate.
v. i.
Syn. Deduction. In induction we
To'be or become intoxicated.
observe a sufficient number of individual facts, and, on the ground of analogy, IN-e'bri-ate (45), n.
An habitual
extend what is true of them to others of
drunkard a sot.
[intoxication.
the same class, thus arriving at general In-e'bri-A'tion,
n.
Drunkenness;
principles or laws. This is the kind of
IN'e-bri'e-ty,
n. Drunkenness inreasoning in physical science.
In deebriation,
duction we begin with a general truth,
[lished.
and seek to connect it with some indi- In-ed'it-ed, a. Not edited unpubvidual case by means of a middle term, In-ef'fa-ble
a.
Incapable
of
being
or class of objects, known to be equally
expressed in words
unspeakable
connected with both. Thus we bring
unutterable.
down the general into the individuaf,
affirming of the latter the distinctive In-ef'fa-bly, adv.
Unspeakably;
This

inefficiency.

2. Habitualinefficacious.
effecting nothing.
ly remiss
IN'e-las'tic a. Wanting elasticity

efficient

by which one body, having

qualities of the former.

IN'ef-fi'cien-cy (-ef-fish'en-sy), n.
Want of power or exertion of power
to produce the effect inefficacy.
IN'EF-FI'CIENT (-i'lsh'ent), a. 1. Not

In-dOl'Gent, a. Prone to indulge

or humor.
IN-EL'I-GI-BLE, a.
Not eligible inIn-d&e'gent-ly, adv. With indulcapable of being elected to an office

render obdurate.
in-

duces or leads on to action.

Syn. Motive reason incitement
;

effect

V.

evident; in-

incontestable; undenia-

supply.

IN-DULGE',

in vain.
n.
ceptible of effervescence.

effect

Urn, rue, PULL

Without IN'ex-CUs'A-ble,

E,

I,

o, silent

Not

sus-

In'ex-cus'a-ble-ness,

C, G, soft; , C,

n.

not pre-

admitting
Quality

of not being excusable.

hard; Ag

EXIST

N.

as

NO THIS
;

INEXCUSABLY
[n/ex-cus'a-bly, adv.
be excusable.

INFILTRATE

222

So as not to

iN'FA-MY,

n.
Total loss of reputaloss of chartion
public disgrace
acter, which a convict incurs.

[or effort.

IN'EX-ER'TION, n. Want of exertiou

In'ex-haust'EDjO. Not exhausted

IN'fan-cy, n.
1. State of being an
infant. 2. First age of any thing.
Incapable of
3. (Law.) Nonage: minority.
being exhausted or emptied,
[ence. IN'FANT, n.
[Lat. infans, fr. in, not,
;

not.

emptied

not spent.

IN'ej-haust'I-ble
In'ex/ist'ence,

a.

Want

and

of existNot having being

n.

fari, to speak.]

A young

1.

In'ex-is.t'ent, n.
sometimes, a child several
babe
years of age. 2. (Law.) A minor.
not existing.
IN-EX'O-RA-BIL'I-TY, n.
Quality of
a. Pertaining to infancy.
[Sp. & Pg.]
being inexorable, or unyielding to IN-FAN'TA, n.
Any
princess of the ro}al blood, except
entreaty.
IN-ex'o-ra-ble, a.
Not to be perthe eldest daughter when heiress apparent. [Spain and Portugal.]
suaded or moved by entreaty or
In-fan'TE, n.
prayer; unyielding; unchangeable.
[Sp & Pg]
Any
IN-EX'O-RA-BLY, adv.
son of the king, except the eldest, or
So as to be
immovable by entreaty.
heir apparent. [Spain and Portugal.]
In'ex-fe'di-ence, In.
Want of IN-fXnt'1-cIde, n. [Lat. infanticidIN'ex-pe'di-en-cy,
fitness;
imium.&nd infanticida; infans, child,
propriety
unsuitableness to the
and cxdere, to kill.] The murder or
purpose.
the murderer of a newly-horn child.
IN'EX-PE'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient
IN'FAN-TILE, or IN'FAN-TILE,
"
not tending to a good end hence, lN'FAN-TINE,or IN'FAN-TINE, )
unfit; improper.
Pertaining to infancy characteristic
;

In'fe-cOn'di-ty,
dity

Want

n.

unfruitfulness

of fecunbarrenness.

IN'fe-lIc'i-toDs, a. Not felicitous

unhappy.
IN'FE-lic'i-TY, n.
1. Unhappiness;
misery misfortune. 2. Unfortunate
;

state

unfavorableness.

IN-FER'

(14).r. t. [-RED -RING.][Lat

inferre, from in and ferre, to carry,
;

To draw or

bring.]

derive, as a fact
[infened.

or consequence.

In-fr'a-ble, a.
lN'FER-ENCE, n.
2. That which is
Syn.

Capable of

beii.g

Act of inferring.

1.

inferred.

Conclusion

deduction conse-

A conclusion is suongei tlum

inference; it shuts vs up to the icmiU,
and terminates inquiry. In a chain of
reasoning we have many inferences,
quence.

which lead

to the ultimate conclusion.

IN'fer-EN'tial,

Deduced or de-

a.

ducible bv inference.

com par. of
inferus, that is, below, underneath.]
Lower in place, social rank, or excelsubordinate.
lence
n.
One who

In-fe'RI-OR

[Lat.,

(89), a.

In'ex-pen'sIve a. Not expensive.

of infants or young children.
is younger, or subordinate.
In'ex-pe'ri-ence, n.
Absence or IN'FANT-RY. n. [Sp. injanteria, from In-fe'RI-or'i-ty. n. State of being
want of experience.
infante, infant, child, servant, footinferior
a lower state or condition
In'ex-pe'ri-enced (-p?/r!-enst), a.
soldier.] Foot-soldiers, in distinction IN-FER'NAL (14), a.
[Lat. inftrnalis
from cavalry.
Not having experience unskilled. '
fr. infernus, lying beneath.]
1. PerIN-FAT'U-ATE, V. t.
IN'EX-PERT' (14), a.
Not expert
[-ED -ING.]
taining to the lower regions, or rewithout knowledge or dexterity de[Lat. infatuate, -atum ; in and fatgions of the dead. 2. Pertaining to,
uus, foolish.]
1. To make foolish.
rived from practice.
hellish
or resembling, hell
diaIn-ex'PI-A-ble, a.
1. Admitting of
2. To inspire with an extravagant or
bolical.
2.
foolish passion.
no atonement or satisfaction.
Syn. Devilish; eatanic; fiendish.
Implacable.
In fat'U-a'tion, n. 1. Act of infatn.
An inhabitant of hell, or of
lN-x'Pl-A-BLY, adv.
uating. 2. State of being infatuated
To a degree
the lower regions.
that admits of no atonement.
folly.
In-fEr'nal-ly, adv. In an infernal
In-ex'PLI-A-ble. a. Incapable of In-fea'si-bil'i-ty, n. State of being
[ble.
manner.
infeasible; impracticability.
being explained or accounted for.
In-fer'ri-ble, a. Same as InferaNot capable of In-FER'tile, a.
iN-EX'PLI-eA-BLY, adv. la an in- In-fea'si-ble, a.
Not fertile or proexplicable manner.
being done impracticable.
ductive
barren.
[ness.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. IN'fer-til/I-ty, n.
IN'ex-press'i-ble, a.
Not capable IN-FECT', V. t.
Unproductiveof expression not to be uttered.
inficere, infectum, fr. in and facere,
[Lat.
In-fest', v. t. [-ED;-ING.]
to make.] 1. To taint with disease,
Syn. Unspeakable; unutterable; ininfestare, from infestus, disturbed,
effable; indescribable; untold.
or with morbid or noxious matter.
troublesome.] To disturb to annoy
fN'EX-PREss'l-BLY, adv. Unspeaka2. To communicate bad qualities to.
[molestation.
to harass.
bly; unutterably.
Syn. To poison vitiate pollute.
IN'FES-TA'TION, n. Act of infesting
fN'EX-PRESS'lVE, a. Not expressing Ln-fE'tion, n. 1. Act of infecting. iN-FEs'TivE, a. Having no mirth;
or tending to express inexpressible.
2. That which infects.
3. Result of
[ty
dullness.
dull cheerless.
fWEX-TiNCT', a. Not quenched not
infecting influence a prevailing dis- fN'FES-TIV'I-TY,^.
Want of festiviextinct.
4. That which poisons or corease.
In'FI-DEL, a. [Lat. infdelis, fr. prefix
In'ex-tin'GUISH-A-ble, a.
Not carupts, by communication.
Disin, not, and Jidelis, faithful.]
pable of being extinguished
unSyn. Contagion. Medical writers
believing the inspiration of the
,

quenchable.

Europe do not, most of them, recognize any difference between contagion

infection. In America, the distinc-

in

In-ex'tri-A-ble,

a.

Not capable

and

of being extricated.

tion referred to

In-Ex'tri-ca-bly, adv. In an inextricable manner.

In-eye' (in-T'), v. t. To inoculate, as a
tree, by insertion of a hud.

under Contagion, is, to

a considerable extent, admitted. In general literature, this distinction is well established.

use contagion and contagious in respect to things which spread

We

by intercourse or imitation as, the contagious influence of example while we

apply infection and infectious to a more
hidden and diffusive power; as, the in;

In-fXl'li-bIl'i-ty, n.

Quality of
being infallible, or exempt from error.

lN-FAL'LI-BLE,a. 1. Not fallible exfection of vice the

empt from liability to mistake. 2.
of evil principles.
Not liable to fail certain.
In-fe'tioxjs,
a.
In-fXl'li-bly, adv. Certainly un;

infectious influence

fN'FA-MotJS, a.
Having a reputation
of the worst kind held in abhorrence.
Syn. Detestable odious
scanda:

lous

disgraceful; base; shameful; igno-

minious.

.,

2, i,6,u, f,long; A,fi,t,6,ti,Y short

,

n.

"Quality of

brace atheism and every form of unbebut this has failed. A freethinker ia

lief,

now only another name for an infideL

An unbeliever is not necessarily a disbeliever or infidel, because he may still be
inquiring after evidence to satisfy

hU

treachery.

In-fil'ter,

being infectious.

In-fE'und,o.

disgracefully.

quali-

atheist; skeptic Some have endeavored

to widen the sense of infidel so as to em-

In-FEC'tious-ness,
;

Having

IN'FA-MOUS-LY, adv. In an infamous

manner

1.

especially one who

disbelieves in the divine origin and
authority of Christianity.
Syn. Unbeliever: freethinker; deist;

that may infect pestilential. 2.

mind.
Corrupting, or tending to corrupt. IN'FI-dEl'I-TY, n. 1. Disbelief of the
unbe3. Capable of being easily diffused.
divine origin of Christianity
Syn. See Contagious.
2. Unfaithfulness to the marlief.
3. Breach of trust
riage contract.
In-fec'tious-ly, adv. By infection.
ties

failingly.

Scriptures, or the divine institution

n.
A disbeliever ;
of Christianity.

a freethinker

Unfruitful; Darren.

care, far, ask, ale,

what

v.

In-fil'trate,

ere, veil,

To

t.

v.

Hem;

i.

filter

[-ed

or sift in.
-ing.] To

pique, fIrm

s6n,

INFILTRATION

INFUSE

223

To communicate a knowledge of
facts to, by way of accusation.
Syn. To acquaint; apprise; tell;

Tending to excite anger, or animosi-

enter by penetrating the pores of a

substance.
'n'FIL-TRA'TION, n. 1. Act of infil-

ty

3.

seditious.

IN-FLATE', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.

inftare, -flatum from in wad. flare, to
Substance which has
blow.] 1. To swell or distend with
of
a
body.
pores
the
entered
to elate. 3. To
2. To puff up
air.
In'FI-nite, a. 1. Unlimited or boundcause to become unduly expanded.
2.
Without
space.
time
or
less in
1. Filled with air
a.
limit in power, capacity, or moral ex- In-fi.ate',
3. Indefinitely IN-FLAT'ED, ] blown up. 2. Turgid
perfect.
cellence
;

2.

trating.

teach

form

swelling

Syn. Immeasurable: illimitable; interminable; limitless; unbounded.

In'fi-NITE-ly, adv. Without limit.
State of being
In'FI-NITE-NESS, n.
infinite

In-fla'tion,

Infinitely

a.

n.

-\

An infinitely small
quantity, or one less than any assignable quantity.

small.

IN-FIN'I-TIVE,

Unlimited;

a.

not

restricted.

mode {Gram.), that mode of

the verb which expresses the action of
Infinitive

the verb without limitation of person or

number; as, to
IN-FIN'I-TUDE

1. Act of inflating.
n.
State of being inflated.
IN-FLECT', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
inflectere, -flexitm, fr. in andflertere,
to bend.] 1. To bend. 2. To vary,
verb, in its terminaas a noun or
3. To modulate, as the voice.
tions.
1. Act of inflectIn-FL,E'tion, n.
ing, or state of being inflected. 2. A
bend a fold. 3. Modulation of the
voice in speaking. 4. Variation of
nouns, &c, by declension, and of
2.

infinity.

In'fin-i-tes'i-iMAL,

bombastic.

love.

verbs by conjugation.

In-FLE'tion-ae,

Pertaining to

a.

[tion.

In-fleT'ive,

hence, without ceremony.

usual forms.

IN-f6rm'ant,

One who inform3

n.

or gives intelligence.
Informer.
These two words
Syx.
should never be confounded. An informer is one who, for selfish ends or

"the public good, volunteers accusations

with a view to have others punished ;

an informant is one who simply acquaints us with something we had not

known before.
iVfor-MA'TJON,

n.

Communi-

1.

cating knowledge. 2. News communicated intelligence knowledge derived from reading or instruction. 3A proceeding in the nature of a prosecution for an offense against the
;

inflection.

1. Quality of
(53), n.
infiniteness.
2. Infiinfinite

i.

Want of reguIn'for-mXl'i-ty, n.
lar or customary form.
IN-FORM'AL-LY, adv. Without tho

large or extensive.

instruct.

To give information.
In-for'mal, a. Not in the regular

v.

Capable of inflecgovernment.
being
In-flex'i-bil'i-ty, n.
1. Unyield3. Boundless number.
nite extent.
ing stiffness. 2. Obstinacy of will or IN-form'er, n. One who informs;
esp.,one who informs against anothfr.
in,
[Lat.
infinitum,
IN-FIN'I-TY, n.
temper unbending pertinacity.
er for the violation of some law.
not, and./m/s, limit.] Unlimited ex- In-flex'I-ble, a. 1. Not capable of
Syn. See Informant.
quantity.
time,
space,
or
purtent of
being bent firm. 2. Firm iu
[Lat. infraction
1. Not firm or
IN-FIRM' (18), a.
pose not to be changed. 3. Inca- IN-FrX'TION, n.
irWeak
of
mind
Breach violation non-observance.
sound weak. 2.
pable of change.
resolute. 3. Not solid or stable.
Syx. Unbending unyielding rig- IN-frXT'or, n. One who infringes
id; inexorable; pertinacious; obstinate;
a violator.
sickly
feeble
Syn. Debilitated
a.

stubborn; unrelenting.

imbecile.

IN'FRA-lap-sa'ri-an, n. [Lat. infra,

below, after, and lapsus, fall.]
A

IN-FIRM'A-RY, n. A hospital, or place In-flex'I-BLY, adv. In an inflexi[tion.

Calvinist who considers the decree of
where the infirm or sick are lodged
ble manner.
election as contemplating the aposIn-flex'ION, n. Same as Inflecor nursed.
tasy as past, and the elect as being
IN-FIRM'I-TY, n. 1. State of being IN-FLIT', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
already in a fallen and guilty state.
infirm an imperfection or weakness
infligere, -flictum, fr. in and fligere,
To lay, or send, as a In-frXn'gi-ble, a. Not capable of
specifically, a disease. 2. Weakness
to strike.]
foible.
being broken or separated into parts.
punishment, &c. to apply.
failing
imbecility
imper- In-flI'T!ON, n. 1. Act of inflicting. IN-FRE'QUENCE, In. State of rarely
Syn. Debility
fection.
occurring; un2. That which is inflicted or imposed. IN-FRE'QUEN-CY, )
commonness rareness.
In-firm'NESS, n. Infirmity feeble- IN-FLIOT'IVE, a. Tending to inflict.
[Lat. inflo- IN-FRE'QUENT, a.
Seldom happenIN'FLO-RES'CENCE, n.
ness debility.
1N-FIX', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. ining or occurring to notice unfrerescens, p. pr. of inflorescere, to begin
1. The unfolding of
quent; rare; uncommon, [quently.
to blossom.]
flgere, -fixum, fr. in and figere, to
Not fre1. To fix by piercing or thrustblossoms. 2. Mode of flowering. 3. In-fre'QUENT-ly, adv.
fix.]
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat2. To implant or fix, as
ing in.
A'n axis on which all the buds are IN-FRINGE', V. t.
principles.
flower-buds.
infringer e, from in and franger e, to
In-flame', v. t. [-ED -ing.] [Lat. In'flu-ence, n.
[Lat. influens, p.
break.] 1. To break, as contracts.
1. A
2. To transgress
to neglect to fulfill
pr. of influere, to flow in.]
inflammare, SLXidflammare to flame.]
2. To
1. To set on fire
to kindle.
flowing in or upon. 2. The bringing
or obey.
excite, as passion or appetite.
3. To
about of an effect by a gradual, un- In-frinGe'ment, n. Breach violaprovoke to anger or rage.
observed, and easy process. 3. Powtion non-fulfillment.
er arising from elevated station in- IN'fun-dIb'u-lar,
Syn. To provoke; fire; irritate ex\ a. [Lat. infunasperate; incense; enrage anger.
[-ED
tellect, wealth, &c.
v. t.
IN'FUN-DIB'U-LATE, ) dibulum, fun-ING.] To control or move by hidv. i. To grow hot, angry, and painnel] Having the form of a funnel.
Enraged; mad;
den power to lead to direct.
ful.
IN-FU'RI-ATE, a.
In-flXm'ma-bIl'i-ty, n.
Suscepti- IN'FLU-EN'TIAL, a.
Exerting influfuriously angry.
bility of readily taking fire.
ence or power by invisible operation. lN-FU'RI-ATE,t\ t. [-ED -ING.] [L.
In-flXm'ma-ble, a. Capable of be- IN'FLU-EN'TIAL-LY, adv. So as to
Lat. infuriare, -atum, fr. Lat. in and
incline, move, or direct.
ing set on fire.
To render furious to
furia, fury.]
In-flXm'ma-ble-ness, n. Quality In'flu-en'za, n.
[It.
See Influenrage. _
ence.] A violent form of catarrh.
of being inflammable.
IN-FUS'-CATE, v. t. [Lat. infuscare,
In'FLAM-MA'TION, n. 1. Act of in- In'FLUX, n. [Lat. influxus.] 1. Act
-catum, fr. in and fuscare, to make
inflaming. 2. State of being on fire.
of flowing in. 2. Introduction; imdark.] To darken to obscure.
3. A redness and swelling of any part
portation in abundance.
IN'FUS-CA'TION, n. Act.of darkening.
of an animal body, with heat, pain, IN-FOLD', V. i. [-ED
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat.
-ING.] 1. To IN-FUSE', v. t.
and febrile symptoms.
4. Violent
wrap up to inclose. 2. Toembrace.
infundere, infusum, fr. in and funexcitement passion.
In-form', v. t. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat. indere, to pour.]
1. To pour in, as a
Tn-flXm'ma-to-ry (50), a. 1. Tendformare ; in and form are, to form.]
liquid.
2. To instill, as principles.
ing to, or showing, inflammation. 2.
1. To animate. 2. To make known to.
3. To steep without boiling, for the
;

or, do,

wolf, TO~0, TO"bK CRN, rue, pull

;

E,

J,

o, silent

c, G, soft-, , 5, hard,-

exist

N.

as

NG this
;

1NFUSIBILITY

INIQUITY

224

purpose of extracting medicinal qual-

In-glo'ri-oOs

ities.

ous. 2. Shameful disgraceful.

In-gl6'ri-ous-ly, adv. In an insomething.
glorious manner.
In-her'ent, a. 1. Existing in someIN'GOT, n. [L. Lat. lingotus, fr. Lat.
thing, so as to be inseparable from
lingua, a tongue.] A mass or wedge
it.
2. Naturally pertaining.

(89), a.

1.

Not

glori-

I?f-FU'l-BiL'l-TY, n.
1. [From infuse.] Capability of being infused,
or poured in. 2. [Prefix in, not, and
fusibility.]
Incapability of being
fused or dissolved.
In-fu'si-ble, a. 1. Capable of being
infused.
2. Not fusible
incapable
of fusion.
In-fu'ion, n. 1. Act of infusing, or
;

pouring in

instillation.

That

2.

which is infused. 3. Act of steeping

any insoluble substance in water to
extract its virtues. 4. The liquid obtained by this process.
lN>FU-sd'Ri-A,n. pi. [N. Lat. See

of gold,

silver,

IN-HER'EN^E, \n.
State of inherIn-her'en-cv, j
ing; existence in

Syn. Innate; inborn; native

or other metal, cast in

a mold.

ral ;_inbred;

IN-GRAFT',

V.

[-ED;-ING.]

t.

1.

natu-

inwrought.

To IN-her'ent-ly,o^.

insert, as a scion into a tree or plant,

for propagation hence, to introduce.
To set or fix deeply and firmly.
In-graft'ment, n.
1.
Act of ingrafting. 2. Thing ingrafted
scion.
IN'grain, a.
Dyed in the grain;
thoroughly inwrought, as color.
Ingrain carpet, a double or two-ply
;

2.

By inherence
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat
appoint as an heir.]
1. To take by descent from an ancestor.
2. To receive by birth.
3.

IN-HER'IT,

r. t.
inhered i tare, to

To become possessed of.

v.i.
To
take or have as an inheritance.
In-her'it-a-ble, a. Capable of being
inherited, or of taking by inherii-

carpet.
ance.
Infuse.]
Microscopic
animals
[ance.
In-her'it-A-bly, adv.
found in water and other fluids.
lN'GRAIN, or IN-GRAIN', v. t. [-ED
By inheritIn-her'it-an^e,
n.
1.
In'gath-er-ing, n. Act of collect-ING.] 1. To dye before manufactAn estate
which a man has by descent as heir,
ing and securing the fruits of the
2. To work into the natural
ure.
or which he may transmit to anothearth harvest.
[congealed.
texture.
er.
2. That which is or may be inIn-gel'A-ble, a. Incapable of being IN'GRATE, a. [Lat. ingratus, from in,
herited,
In-gem'i-na'tion, n. Reduplication.
[an heir.
not, and gratus, grateful.] 1. UnOne who inherits
IN-GEN'ER-ATE, v. t. [-ED -ING.]
grateful. 2. Unpleasing to the sense. In-her'it-or, n.
In-her'it-ress, n.
An heiress a
[Lat. inge?ierare, -ratum.]
To genn._ An ungrateful person.'
female inheritor.
erate or produce within.
IN-GRA'TI-ATE (-gra'shi-, 95), V. t. In-her'it-r'ix,
[Lat. inhassio.] State
In-Gen'er-ate, a. Inborn innate.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat. in and gratia, In-he'ion, n
of existing, or belonging to someIN-GEN'IOUS (-jen'yus), a. [Lat. infavor.]
To introduce or commend to
thing; inherence.
geniosus, fr. ingenium, natural cathe favor ofan other.
pacity, genius.] 1. Possessed of ge- In-grat'i-tude (53), n.
Want of IN-HIB'IT, V. t. [-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.
inhibere, inhibitum fr. in, not, and
nius, or the faculty of invention
gratitude
unthankfulness.
habere, to have.] 1. To hinder. 2. To
hence, skillful or prompt to invent. IN-GRE'DI-ENT (77), n.
[Lat. ingreforbid.
2. Characterized by genius or ingediens, p. pr. of ingredi, ingressus, to
nuity. 3. Witty; well adapted.
enter.]
A component part of any In'hi-bY'tion (-bish'un), n. 1. Act
of inhibiting restraint.
2. ProhiIn-gen'ious-ly (-jen'yus-), adv. In
compound or mixture an element.
bition.
an ingenious manner.
[nuity. IN'GRESS, n.
[See supra.]
1. EnIn-hos'pi-ta-ble,
a.
Not hospitaIn-gen'ious-ness (-yus-), n. Ingetrance. 2. Power, liberty, or means,
ble not disposed to entertain stranIn'GE-nu'I-ty, n. 1. Quality or powof entrance.
gers
[of hospitality
er of ready invention. 2. Curious- In/gui-nal (-gwT-), a. [Lat. inguinaIn-h6s'pi-ta-ble-NESS, n.
Want
Pertaining to the groin.
ness in design.
lis.]
In-hos'pi-ta-bly,
adv.
In an inhos[-ED; -ING.] To
Syn. Cleverness. Ingenuity is a IN-GULF', V. t.
form of genius, arid cleverness, of talent.
pitable manner.
swallow up in a vast gulf or whirlThe former implies invention, the latter
In-hos'pi-tai/i-ty, n.
Quality of
pool to overwhelm.
a peculiar dexterity and readiness of exbeing inhospitable.
ecution. Sir James Mackintosh remarks, IN-GUR'GI-TATE, v. t. [Lat. ingurgiIn-hu'man,
of kinda.
1.
Destitute
tate, -tatum.]
To swallow greedily.
that the English overdo in the use of the
ness and tenderness.
2. Characterwords clever and cleverness, applying In-hXb'IT, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
them loosely to almost every form of inby
cruelty.
ized
inhabitare.] To live of dwell in.
tellectual ability. Thus they speak of a
to live.
Syn. Cruel; unfeeling; pitiless; merv. i. To dwell
clever article in a magazine a clever reciless; savage; barbarous.
view a clever speech in Parliament of In-hab'it-A-ble, a. Capable of beJn'hu-mXn'I-TY, n. Cruelty barbaa book very cleverly written
of great
ing inhabited.
cleverness in debate; and, in accordance In-hab'it-ance.
[barously.
rousness.
n.
Condition of
with this use of language, Macaulay
Cruelly baran inhabitant IN-HU'MAN-LY, adv
would be called a very clever writer of In-hab'it-an-cy, j
Act
burying.
IN/HU-MA'TION,
n.
of
legal residence.
history, and Fox a very clever debater.
[-ed;-ING.] [Lat.
One who dwells IN-HUME', v. t.
In-gen'u-oOs, a.
[Lat. ingenuus.] In-hab'it-ant, n.
ground.]
humus,
the
To
inhumare ;
or resides permanently in a place.
1. Of honorable extraction.
2. Nobury to inter.
1. Act of inble generous. 3. Free from reserve, In-hab'IT-A'TION, n.
;

habiting, or state of being inhabited.

Place of dwelling.
Syn.
Open ; frank. One who is
open speaks out at once what is upper- In-hab'it-a-tive-ness, n. An ormost in his mind; one who isfrankaoes
gan supposed to indicate the desire
it from a natural boldness, or dislike of
of permanence in abode.
self-restraint; one who is ingenuous is acIn'HA-la'TION, n. Act of inhaling.
tuated by a noble candor and love of
[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
truth, which makes him willing to con- In-hale', v. t.
fess his faults, and make known all his
inhalare, from in and halare, to
sentiments without reserve.
breathe.] To draw into the lungs.
In-Gen'u-ous-ly, adv. Openly can- In-hal/er, n.
1. One who inhales.
didly.
2. An apparatus for inhaling vapor.
In-gEn'u-ous-ness, n. Openness of In'HAR-MO'nt-OUS, a. Not harmoheart frankness fairness.
nious discordant.
In-ges'tion (-jest'yun), n. [Lat. in- In-hearse' (14), v. t. To put in a
gestio, fr. ingerere, to place in.]
Act
hearse to bury.
of throwing into the stomach.
In-here', v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
In/gle, n.
[Lat. igniculus, dim. of
inhserere, fr. in and hserere, to stick.]
ignis, fire.] A fire or fire-place.
To be permanently incorporated.

equivocation, or dissimulation.

2.

A, E,

I,

O.U.Y, long; A,E,I, O, U,Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

IN-IM'I-AL,

[Lat. inimicalis.]

a.

Unfriendly.

Repugnant;

2.

1.

ad-

verse.

IN-IM'I-AL-LY, adv. In an inimical

[ing inimitable.
manner.
iN-i'M'l-TA-BtL'l-TY,/!. Quality ofbeNot capable of
IN-iM'i-TA-ble, a.
being imitated or copied.
In an inimitaadv.
IN-IM'1-TA-BLY,
ble

manner.

[iniquity.

Characterized by
IN-IQ'UI-Totrs, a.
Wicked
Syn. Wicked nefarious.
;

the generic term. Iniquitous is strongdenoting a violation of the rights of

others, usuallv by fraud or circumvention. Nefarious is still stronger, implying a breach of the most sacred obligais

er,

tions.

[Lat. iniquitas;

IN-TQ'UI-TY, n.

ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM

in-

S6N.


INITIAL

IN-I'TIAL

[Lat. initialis

(-Tsh/al), a.

IN'land,

a.

interior.

In-lay',

To

1.

Remote frora the sea

Domestic

2.

v.

[inlaid

t.

insert, as pieces of pearl, ivory,

in a grouudwork of some other

&c,

&c,

of a word.

IN'LET, n.
Passage or opening into
an inclosed place.

2.

That which isinjected;

especially,

liquid medicine injected into a cav-

body.

ity of the

In'JU-di'cious (-dish'us),
judicious.

Not
sound

1.

a.

Not according

2.

to

judgment.

Syn. Indiscreet; inconsiderate; incautious; unwise; rash.

IN'JU-Di'cious-LY (-dlsh'us-), adv.
In an injudicious manner.
IN'JU-DI'CIOUS-NESS (-dish'us-), n.
Quality of being injudicious.

lN-JUN'TION, n. [Lat.
Act of enjoining. 2.

injunctio.]

1.

An order a
writ granted by a
court of equity, whereby a party is
required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts.
IN'JURE (53), v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
command.

3.

To do harm

injuriari.]

to

damage

IN-JU'RI-OUS

used

to hurt
in a variety of

(89), a.

to

1.

Prejudicial
2.

In-ju'ri-ous-ly, adv.
In-JU'ri-ous-ness, n.

Tending

Hurtfully.
Quality of be-

n.

1.

One

from

free

guilt.

2.

[harmlessly.
IN'NO-^ENT-LY, adv. Without guilt
In-NO'u-ous, a.
[Lat. innocuus.]

Harmless

safe

producing no

ill

[jurious effects.

effect.

burnt

in.]

A fluid,

used in

vating.

[-ed; IN'no-va'tor, n. One who innovates.

writing and printing.
v. t,
-ING.]
To black or daub with ink. IN-nox'ious (-nok'shus),**. 1. Harmless in effects; innocent.
2. Free
Ink/horn, n. An inkstand
forfrom crime guiltless.
merly made of horn.
IN/NU-EN'DO
n.
IN'NU-EN';pl.
(52),
Ink'i-ness, n.
State or quality of
DOEg. [Lat., fr. innuere, to give a
being inky.
nod.]
An oblique hint; a remote
INK'LING, n.
[Contr. fr. inclining.]
intimation or allusion.
A hint or whisper an intimation
Syn. Insinuation. An innuendo
Ink'stAnd, n. A vessel for holding
supposes a representation so framed as to
ink.
[ink; black.
point distinctly (lit., by nodding) at
Ink'y, a. Consisting of, or resembling,
something beyond which is injurious to
IN-LACE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To
the character, &c, of the person aimed
at.
An insinuation turns on no such
work in, as lace.
;

OR,do, wolf, TOOjIQOK; urn, rue, pull;

16

Kavo-Tos,

In-NO:'u-OUS-ly, adv. Without inIN'NO-vAte, v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.

ing injurious.
innovare, -vatum; in and novare,
That
IN'JU-RY, n.
[Lat. injuria.]
1. To change by into make new.]
which injures, or which occasions
troducing something new.
2. To
loss or diminution of good mischief;
introduce as a novelty.
v.i.
To
detriment damage.
introduce novelties.
Violation of the
IN-JUS'TICE, n.
IN'NO-VA'TION, n. 1. Act of innovatrights of an individual; wrong.
ing.
2. A change effected by innoINK, n.
encaustum, fr. Gr. ey[Lat.

a.
Not capable of
being numbered, for multitude.
Stateof
[number.
being innumerable.
Withoui
IN-NU'MER-A-BLY, adv.

IN'NU-TRI'TION (-nu-trish'un), .
Want of nutrition.
Internal; interior; secret.
In'NU-tri'tioOs (-nu-trTsh'us), a.
Internally secretly.
IN'MATE, n. [Eng. inn and mate.]
Not nutritious, or nourishing.
IN'OB-SERV'AN^E, n. Want or negOne who lives in the same house.
negligence.
IN'MOST (20), a. Deepest or furthest
lect of observance
within.
iN'OB-gERV'ANTja. Not taking noInn, n. [A.-S.inne, inn.] 1. A house
heedless.
tice
for the lodging and entertainment of IN-OC'U-LATE, V. t.
[-ED; -TNG.]
travelers.
2. A college of students of
[Lat. inoculare, -latum, in and oculaw.
[Eng.]
lus, an eye.]
1. To insert, as the
IN'nate, or In-nate', a.
[Lat. iiibud of a tree in another tree, for the
natus.] Inborn native natural.
purpose of propagation. 2. To comIN'NATE-LY, or IN-NATE'LY, adv.
municate, as a disease, by inserting
Naturally.
v. i.
infectious matter in the skin.
lN'NATE-NESS,Or IN-NATE'NESS, n.
To practice inoculation, [oculating.
Quality of being innate or inborn.
In-o^u-la'tion, n. Act or art of inIn-NAV'i-ga-ble, a.
Incapable of IN-O'DOR-OUS, a. Wanting scent.
[ternal. IN'OF-fen'sSve, a.
being navigated.
1. Giving no ofIN'NER, n._ Further in interior; infense. 2. Harmless doing no injury.
IN'ner-jiost (20), Furthest inward.
IN'OF-FEN'SIVE-LY, adv.
Without
Inn'hold-ER, n. A person who keeps
giving offense.
In'of-fen'sive-ness, n. Quality of
an inn.
Inn'ING, n. [Eng. in.] 1. Ingatherbeing inoffensive.
2. (Cricket Playing.)
In'of-fI'cial (-fish'al), a. Not done
ing of grain.
Time or turn for using the bat.
in the usual forms or by the proper
INN'keep-er, n. An innholder.
officer.
lN'NO-9EN9E, n. 1. State of being IN/of-fi'cious (-fish/us), a. 1. Not
innocent; purity of heart. 2. Ignocivil or attentive.
2. Contrary to
[cence.
natural duty.
rance; imbecility.
In'no-cen-cy, n.
Same "as Inno- In-6p'er-a-tive, a. Not operative;
IN'NO-^ENT, a.
[Lat. innocens.] 1.
[unseasonable.
producing no effect,
Free from that which can injure. 2. lN-6p/POR-TUNE', a. Not opportune
Free from guilt guiltless.
IN-OP'POR-TUNE'LY, adv. Unseasonably at an inconvenient time.
Syn. Harmless ; inoffensive pure.
IN'LY, a.
adv.

direct charge, and is therefore justly regarded as one of the basest

resorts of malice and falsehood.

IN-NU'MER-A-BLE-NESS, V

dolt.

to the rights of another.

pernicious.
to injure

making any

IN-NU'MER-A-BLE

material.

In'lay,

n. Pieces of wood, ivory,

inlaid or prepared for inlaying.
IN-LAY'ER, n. One who inlays.

Ilf-I'TI-ATE (-ish'1-, 95), v. t. ['-ED;

-ING.] 1. To begin. 2. To instruct
3. To introduce into
in rudiments.
a society or organization.
IN-I'TI-A'TION (-isb/I-), n. 1. Act of
2. Introduction into the
initiating.
principles of any thing unknown.
IN-I'TI-A-TIVE (-lsh'if-J.a. Serving to
initiate.
An introductory step
n.
or movement.
iN-I'Tl-A-TO-RYf-ishl-), a. 1. Suitable for an introduction. 2. Tending
or serving to initiate.
JN-JET', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat. injicere, injectum.] To throw or dart in.
In-JE'TION, n. 1. Act of injecting.

double use of language but consists in

artfully winding into the mind imputations of an injurious nature witnout
;

not foreign.

inlaying.]

initium, beginning.]
1. Pertaining
to the beginning.
2. Placed at the
beginning or head.
n. First letter

;;

INQUEST

225

xquus, unjust.] 1. "Want of rectitude.

2. An act of injustice or unrighteousness.
Injustice
unrighteousness
Syn.
wickedness; sin; crime.

;;

JS,I. 0,silent; c,

6,

so/*,-

In-op'tj-lent,

Not opulent

a.

wealthy.

not
moderation.

[of

Excess, or want
In-6r'di-nate (45), a. Not limited
to rules prescribed, or to usual

In-6r'di-NA-CY,

n.

bounds.

Syn. Irregular
immoderate.

disorderly

excess-

ive;

In-OR'di-nate-LY, adv.
ly

Irregular-

immoderately.

In-6r'di-nate-ness, n. Quality of
being inordinate; want of moderation

inordinacy.

Not organic
devoid of an orunorganized.
IN-OS'CU-LATE, V. i. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. in and osculari, -latum, to
To unite, as two vessels at
kiss.]
iN'OR-GAN'I,
IN'OR-G XN'I-AL

ganized structure

a.

their extremities.

v.

by apposition or

t.

1.

Tounito

contact.

2.

To

unite intimately.

IN-os^u-la'tion, n. Junction of
different branches of tubular vessels,
so that their contents pass from one
to the other.

lN'QUEST,n.
quirere.

[Lat. inquisita,

See INQUIRE.]

1.

fr.

in-

Inquiry;

3. A
quest.
2. Judicial inquiry.
jury, particularly a coroner's jury.

,G,hard; A; E^IST

as

NG

INQUIETUDE
state

Disturbed
(53), n.
uneasiness of body or of mind.
v. i.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

1n-quTre',
inquirere

and

in

quserere, to seek.]

1. To ask a question or questions.

2. To make examination.
v. t. To
ask about to make examination.

ing.

inquires.
n.
1. Act of inquirSearch for truth.
3.

a query.
iN/QUl-gi'TlON (-zlsh'un), n.

be satisfied

little

In-

2.

3.

riosity to inquire.

ble.

IN-SRU'TA-BLE-NESS,
of being inscrutable

Quality of

care,

n.
(Rom. Cath.
Church.)
A member of the Court
of Inquisition.
iN-Qufg'T-TcyRi-AL (89), a. Pertaining to the Court of Inquisition, or
resembling its practices.
IN-RAJL', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To in-

sudden or desultory

irruption

cure

Not admitting of

a.

incurable.

In-sane', a. 1. Unsound in mind.

2. Used by, or appropriated to, insane persons.
Syn. Crazy distracted delirious
demented; frantic; raving; mad.
In-sane 'ly, adv. Without reason;
madly.
IN-sAN'i-ty, . State of beinginsane
unsoundness of mind.
Syn. Lunacy madness; derangement; alienation; aberration; mania; delirium; frenzy; monomania; dementia.
Insanity is the generic term for all such
diseases; lunacy has now an equal extent
of meaning, though once used to denote
periodical insanity: madness has the
came extent, though originally referring
to the rage created by the disease; de;

rangement, aberration, alienation, are

popular terms for insanity delirium, mania, and frenzy denote excited states of
the disease; dementia denotes the loss of
;

mental power by this means; monomania

is insanity upon a single subject.
IN-sa'ti-a-ble (-sa'shi-, 95), a. [Lat.
insatiabilis.]

Incapable

of

being

IN-SA'TI-A-BLE-NESS (-Sa'shi-), n.
Greediness that can not be satisfied*,'.!,' I,

6,

fj,

Y, long,' X,

set in

is

an

Interior;

internal.
2.

pi.

n.

1.

Entrails;

[Lat. insidiosusl

n.
Quality
inscrutability.

to cut in.]

An

1.

Syn. Crafty;

wily

sly

small or contemptible.

In-seT'xle,

[cisioi

designing;

In an insid-

ious manner.

[treacherv.
Deceitfulness

IN'SIGHT

Penetrating
discernment thorough knowledge.
IN-SIG'NI-A, n.pl. [Lat.] Badges or
marks of office, honor, or distinction.
IN'sig-nif'i-can^e, In.
1. Want
In'sig-nif'i-^an-^y, J
of
significance. 2. Want of force or effect
unimportance.
(Tn'slt),

n.

In'sig-nUf'i-cant,^
1.
Destitute
of meaning. 2. Having no weight
or effect. 3. Without weight of
character.

Syn. Unimportant; immaterial; intrivial; trifling; mean;

considerable
contemptible.

lN'SIG-NiF'r-ANT-LY, adv. 1. Without meaning

2. Without importance.

Having the nature

a.

of insects.

deceitful; deceptive.

iN-siD'i-otJS-LY, adv.

articulate

animal divided into three distinct

parts, having six legs, and never
more than four wings. 2. Any thing

Intending or

2.

intended to entrap.

jN'srN-CERE',

a.
1.
Not being in
truth what one appears to be. 2.
to be relied upon.
Syn. Dissembling hollow decep-

In-se'tion, n. A cutting in; infN'SE-Tiv'o-ROUS, a. [Lat. insectum, an insect, and vorare, to de-

Not

tive; disingenuous.
vour.] Subsisting on insects.
IN'se-cure', a. 1. Not secure; not In'sin-cere'EY, adv. Without sincerity.
safe.
2.
Exposed
to
danger
or
loss.
M
In'se-cure'ly, adv. Without secu- In'SIN-^ER'i-TY, n.
Want of sinm

raid.

fN'SA-LU'BRI-OUSja. Not salubrious

not healthful unwholesome.
In'sa-lu'bri-ty, n.
Unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness.

IN-SAN'A-BLE

1. Unsearchaa.
"2. Undiscoverable by human

reason.

IN-QUIS/I-TOR,

incursion

Quality of

In-scru'ta-ble,

being inquisitive.

close with rails.

n.

n.

In-SRU/ta-bly, adv. So as not to

be found out.
[with a seam
With cu- In-seam',
v. t.
To impress or mark
IN'SECT, n. [Lat. insectum, fr. inse-

Iw-QUig'l-TlvE-LY, adv.

In'road,

To write on a scroll.

t.

being inscrutable.

when

a.

In-sid'i-oDs-ness, n.
v.

In-sRU/ta-BIL'I-TY,

set ourselves to gain it by inquiry or

research. Prying implies inqvisitivenexs
when carried to an extreme, and is more
commonly used in a. bad sense, as indicating a desire to penetrate into the se"
crets of others.

That which

n.

insertion.

figure within another.

In-sRIP'TION, n. 1. Act of inscribing.
2. That which is inscribed. 3.
An address of a book to a person.
IN-SRIP'TIVE, a. Bearing inscrip-

we

In-QUI'i-tive-ness, n.

tion.

inquisitive

[-ED

t.

In'set,

Ln'sIde, prep, or adv. In the interior.

to write.]
; in and scribere,
The part within.
To write or engrave to imprint.
bowels.
To commend by a short address. lN-si'D'i-ous(77), a.
(Ge.om.) To draw within, as one
1. Lying in wait.

In-SROLT/,

Syn. Prying; curious. Curious denotes a feeling, and inquisitive a habit.

We are curious when we desire to learn

something new; we are

V.

ignorant.
-ING.] [Lat.

inscribere

investigation.
quiry
2.
Judicial
inquiry. 3. (Rom. Catk. Church.)
A tribunal for examining and punishing heretics.
(-zTsh'un-), a. Relating to inquiry or inquisition.
iN-QUis'l-TiVE, a. Apt to ask questions] given to research

to

or no knowledge

IN-SRIBE',
1.

iN'QUi-gi'TlON-AL

Not

(-sa'shi-, 95), a.

insatiable.
In'sa-ti'e-ty, n. lnsatiableness.
IN'sci-ent (In'shl-), or In-so;i'ent,
a.
[Lat. insciens, -entis.]
Having

1.

n.
1. Act of inserting
Condition of being inserted mode.
place, or the like, of inserting. 3.
That which is set in, as lace, or cambric, in narrow scrips, &c.
2.

In-sa'ti-ate

2.

question

With In-ser'tion,

Tjv-sa'ti-a-bly (-sa'shi-), adv.

greediness not to be satisfied.

One who

In-quir/er, n.
IN-QUIR'Y (89),

INSITION

226

In-QUI'e-tude

,1,6,0, t,

cerity

rity.

fN'SE-u'Ri-TY,rc.
being insecure.
dence in safety.

1.

Condition of

the power of feeling. 2. Wanting

tenderness. 3. Progressing by im'
perceptible degrees.
Syn.
Imperceptible; imperceivable;

dull; stupid; torpid ; senseless unfeelindifferent unsusceptible ; hard.

;
;

ing

In-SEN'si-bey, adv.

In-sen'tient,

Imperceptibly.

Not having

a.

per-

dissimulation

iN-SiN'U-ATE,

Want

of confi[stupid.
In-sen'sate, a. Destitute of sense
IN-SEN'SI-BIL'I-TY, n.
1. Want of
sensibility, or the power of feeling.
2. Want of tenderness.
In-sen'si-ble, a.
1. Destitute of
2.

[Lat.

nus, bosom.]

1.

deceitfulness.

[-ED

t.

-ING.

-atum ; in and siTo introduce gen-

tly.
2.
To introduce artfullv
to
3.
To hint.
v. i.
1. To
creep, wind, or flow, in. 2. To ingratiate one's self.
In-sin'u-a'tion, n. 1. Act of insinuating.
2. Art or power of stealing
on the affections. 3
hint.
In-sIn'u-a'tor, n.
One who insinuates.
In-sip'id, a. [Lat. insipidus ; in, not,
and sapidus, savory.] 1. Destitute

instill.

of taste.
mation.

Syn.

ception.

V.

insinuare,

2.

Wanting

spirit or ani-

Tasteless; vapid; dull

spirit-

less; unanimated; lifeless; flat.

In'SI-pid'i-ty, In. Quality of being
Quality IN-sIp'ID-NESS, j
In-sep'a-ra-ble-ness, n.
insipid
tastelessness.
of being inseparable.
[manner.
In-SEP'A-ra-bly, adv. So as to pre- iN-si'p'iD-LY, adv.
In an insipid
iN-stsT', v. i.
vent separation.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
insistere.]
IN-SERT', v. t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
To be persistent, urgent,
inserere,inserlum.] To bring into;
or pressing.
[on.
In-sist'ent, a. Standing or resting
to introduce.

In-sep'a-ra-ble,

Incapable of

a.

being disjoined.

In-sert'ing, n.
Something set
garments.
Short;

1.

setting in.

in, as lace,

&c,

2.

into

IN-SI'TION (-stsh/un or -sizh'un), n.

[Lat, insitio.] Insertion of a scion
in a stock.

CARE, FAR, ASK; ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TJgRM; PIQUE, FlRMj S6N,

INSNAT.L

to the sun.

IN'SO-LENCE,

Pride or haughti-

n.

INSUBORDINATION

227

[-ED; -ING.]
1.
IN-SNARE', V. t.
To catch in a snare. 2. To seduce
by artifice.
Jn-snar'er, n. One who insnares.
IN'SO-BRI'E-TY, n. Intemperance.
In'so-late, V. t. [-EB -ING.] [Lat.
insolare, -latum ; in and so/, the sun.]
To dry, ripen, or prepare by exposure

iN-SPlS'SATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.

inspissare, -satum ; in and spissare,
;

Syit. Insult. Insolence is a spirit

engendered by bloated pride or unbridled passion, an insult is a personal attack {lit., leaping or dancing upon),
indicating scorn and triumph. The one

in-

[instinct,

stinct.

In-stingt'Tve-LY, adv. By iorce oi

lN'STI-TUTE,r. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
by evaporation.
instituere, -tutum ; in and scatuere,
In-spis's ATE a. Thick inspissated.
to cause to stand, to set.]
1. To set
In'spis-SA'TION, n. Act of rendering
up; to establish. 2. To originate;
a fluid thicker by evaporation.
to found.
In'sta-bil'I-TY, n. Want of stabil3.
To begin
to commence. 4 To invest with the spirity or firmness in purpose.

To thicken, as

to thicken.]

fluids,

Syn.

Inconstancy;

fickleness

ness with contempt.

Prompted by

In-st'i'nT'ive, a.

changeableness;

wavering; unsteadiness.

itual part of a benefice.

1. Esn.
tablished law settled order. 2. An
institution a literary and philosophical society.
3. pi.
book of elements or principles.
IN'STI-TU'TION, n. 1. Act of instituting. 2. That which is instituted
or established, as a seminary, or an
organized society. 3.
treatise or
;

In-sta'ble, a. Mutable inconstant.

In-stale', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [From
in and stall.] To instate in an office,
;

rank, or order, with the usual ceremonies.

leads usually to the other.
IN'stal-la'tion, n. 1. A giving pos[Lat. insolens ; in
In'SO-LENT, a.
session of an office with customary
A
and salens, accustomed.] Proud and
ceremonies. 2. Act of instating an
text-book.
haughty, with contempt of others.
. ordained minister in a parish.
IN'sti-tu'tion-al, a. 1. Instituted
Overhearing; insulting; impu- In-stall'ment, n.
Syn.
Part of a sum
by authority. 2. Elementary ruaudacious impertinent.
dent
In-stal'ment,
of money paid or
dimental.
to be raid ac a particular period.
IN'sti-tu'tive, a.
1. Having the
IN'SO-LENT-LY, adv. In an insolent
In stance, n. 1 Quality of being
power to establish. 2. Established
manner.
pressing. 2. Occurrence occasion.
depending on institution.
In'so-li'd'I-ty, . Want of solidity
3. A case occurring.
v.t. [-ED; lN'STl-TU'TOR,n. One who institutes.
[being soluble.
weakness.
-ING.] To mention as an example.
In-strOct', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
In-sol/u-bii/I-ty, n. Quality of not
instruere, instruction.]
To furnish
In-sol'u-ble, a.
1.
Incapable of IN'STANT, a. [Lat. instans, p. pr. of
instare, to stand upon, to press
with requisite preparation specificbeing dissolved. 2. Not to be exupon.]
1.
Pressing
urgent.
2.
ally, (a.) To impart information to
plained.
Immediate. 3. Present current.
to teach, (b.) To furnish with direcIn-s6lv'a-ble, a.
Not solvable
n.
1. A point in duration; a motions.
not capable of solution or explication.
ment.
A
particular
time.
2._
In-solv'en-cy, n. Condition of one
Syn.
To direct command. The
In'stan-ta'ne-ous, a. Done in an
who is unable to pay his debts.
word instruct is used as a milder term for
direct oi command in issuing orders to
instant. _
[instant.
In-solv'ent, a. Not solvent
not
officers uii ler the government; as, the
having sufficient estate to pay one's IN'STAN-TA'NE-OUS-LY, adv. In an

debts.
debts.

One unable

n.

to pay his

In-s6?.1'ni-oC s, a.

Restless in sleep.
To such a degree.
-ING.] [Lat.
inspicere, inspection ; in and specere,
to look at.]
To view narrowly and
critically or officially.
In-speo'tion, n. 1. Act of inspecting close survey official examina-

In'so-MUCH'.
IN-SPEGT', V.

adfi.

t.

[-ED

tion.

In-stan'ter,
diately

One who

n.

inspects,

views, or oversees.

an inspector.
[-ED
V. t.

IN-SPHERE',

place in a sphere.

-ING.]

To

[ing inspired.

In-spir'A-rle

(89), a.
IN'spi-ra'tion, n. 1.

Capable of beAct of inspir-

ing a breathing in inhalation. 2.

Extraordinary elevation of the imagination.
3.
A supernatural divine
influence on the sacred writers.
;

IN-SPIR'A-TO-RY, or IN'SPI-RA-TO-

RY

Pertaining to inspira-

a.

(50),
tion.

Syn.

v.

i.

immediately.

at for-

Act of instructing.
2. That which instructs,
or with which one is instructed
precept
direction
order
com-

In-strug'tigi,', n.

See

1.

Directly.
In-star', v. t. To set with stars
mand,
[struct.
In-state', v. t. [-ed; -ing-.] To
iN-STRtkJT'i'vE a.
Serving to inestablishes in a rank or condition.
IN-STRUCT'IVE-LY,
adv.
In
an inIN-STAU'RATE, V. t.
[-ED;-ING.]
structive manner.
[Lat. instaurare, -ratum.] To renew
;

In-struct'ive-ness,

n.

Quality of

being instructive.
In'statj-ra'tion, n. Restoration of
a thing to its former state renewal. In-struT'or, n. One who instructs
a teacher.
[structcr.
IN-STEAB', adv.
1.
In the stead,
In-strugt'ress, n.
A female inplace, or room.
2. Equivalent to.
IN-STEEP', V.t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To IN'STRU-MENT, n. [Lat. instrumentum. "See Instruct.] 1. That by
steep or soak.
which work is performed
impleIN'step, n. [Prefix in and step.] Proment.
2. A contrivance, by which
jection on the upper side of the humusical sounds are produced. 3. A
man foot.
legal writing or deed.
4. One who.
IN'STI-GATE,^. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
or that which, is made a means.
instigate, -gatum.] To goad or urge
In'stru-ment'al,
a.
1.
Conducive
forward to set on.
helpful. 2. Pertaining to, or made
Syn. To stimulate; urge; spur; proby,
musical
instruments.
voke; incite; impel; encourage.
Quality
In'sti-ga'tion, n. Incitement as to IN/STRTJ-MEN-TAI/I-TY, n.
;

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat.

evil or

In-spire',

Directly

Presides t has instructed ministers

eign couks so -_nd so.

Imme[delay.
least

In-spET'or-ate, In. Office, resiIn-speT'or-ship, J

den ce, or district of

[Lat.]

or renovate.

Superintendence.

2.

lN-SPET'OR,

adv.

instantly.

IN'stant-ly, adv. Without the

wickedness.

In'sti-ga'tor,

n.

One who instigates.

or condition of being instrumental ;

agency.

IN'STRU-MENT'AL-LY, adv.

1.
la
To inhale air into the IN-STILL', V. t. [-ED -ING ] [Lat.
the nature of an instrument.
2*
instillare ; in and stillare,
To breathe into. IN-STIL',
1.
With instruments.
to drop.]
1. To pour in by drops.
2. To infuse by breathing.
3. To
In'stru-men-ta/tion, n. 1. Agen2. To infuse slowly.
affect, as with a supernatural influcy.
2. Manner of playing on muIn'stil-la'tion, n. Act of infusing
ence. 4. To inhale.
sical instruments.
[government.
by drops or by small quantities.
In-spir'er, n. One who inspires.
Disobedience to
[Lat.
instinctus.] IN'sub-jec'tion, ii.
In-spIr'it, v.t.
[-ed;-ing.]
To IN-stinct', u.
In'sub-or'di-nate (45), a. Not subUrged from within animated.
to give
infuse or excite spirit in
missive mutinous.
IN'STINCT, n. Unconscious, involunnew life to.
Want of
tary, or unreasoning prompting to In'sub-or/di-na'tion, n.
Stjt. To enliven invigorate exhil-

inspirare.]

lungs.

v.

t.

i.-ate;

animate; cheer; encourage.

OR, do, wolf, TOO,

subordination

action

TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

C, G, soft; , S, hard;

Ag

disobedience.

EXIST

as

NG

this.

INSUFFERABLE
In-suf'fer-a-ble

INTENT

228

Incapable
1.
insupportable
of being suffered
intolerable.
2. Disgusting beyond
endurance.
IN-suf'fer-A-bly, adv. To a degree
beyond endurance.

IN'sur-mount'a-ble, a. Incapable In-tel'li-Gence, ft.

of being surmounted or overcome.
gentia.] 1. Capacity

In'suf-fi'cien-cy

IN'SUR-MOUNT'A-BLY/, adv.

pr. of insurgere, to rise up.]

Insubordinate; rebellious.
n.
One who
rises iu revolt agaiust lawful author-

a.

Want

(-fish'en-),

of sufficiency

ft.

y.

petent; unfit; incapable.

[Lat. insularis
la.
py'SU-LAR,
insula, island.] BeiN'su-LA-RY, ]
longing to an isle surrounded by
;

[sular.
In'su-lXr'i-TY, n. State of being inIN'SU-LATE, v. t. [-ed; -ING.| [Lat.
To
1.
insulare ; insula, island.]
place in a detached situation ; to iso-

water.

late.
2. To prevent the transfer to
or from, of electricity or heat, by

non-conductors.
a.
1. Standing by
2. Separated from other bodby means of non-conductors.
In'SU-LA'tion, ft. Act of insulating,

IN'su-la'ted, p.
itself.

ies,

or state of being insulated.

IN'su-la'tor,
lates.

2.

n.

One who insu-

1.

So as

non-conductor.

insurrecor politi-

Syn. Sedition revolt rebellion.

Sedition is the raising of commotion in a
state without aiming at open violence
against the laws; insurrection is a rising
up of individuals to prevent the execution of law by force of arms; revolt is a
casting off the authority of a government with a view to put it down by force;
rebellion is an extended insurrection and
;

revolt.

IN'SUR-REC'TION-AL,

a.
Pertaining
or consisting in, insurrection.
a.
Rebel-

to,

IN/SUR-RECTION-A-RY,
lious

seditious.

[susceptibility.

iN/SUS-CEP'TI-Bll/I-TY, ft. Want of

iN'sus-^EP'Tl-BLE, a.
Not susceptible
not capable of being affected
;

or impressed.

IN-TAT',

[touched.

[Lat. intactus.)
UnIn-tagl'io (in-taPyo), n. [It., fr.
intagliare, to engrave.]
figure cut
into a material, as a seal
a gem in
which a figure is cut.
a.

A
;

IN'SULT, n. [Lat.

insultus, fr. insilire,

to leap upon.]
Gross abuse offei-ed
to another.
Syn. Affront ; indignity; outrage.
See Insolence.

In-tan'Gi-bil'i-ty,
being intangible.

Quality of

ft.

One who

ft.

[Lat. intellifor the higher

functions of the intellect.

Infor-

2.

3. General
information.
Syn.
Understanding; intellect; instruction; advice; news.

In-tel'li-&en-cer,m.

Not. tangible;
a.
perceptible to the touch.

One who,

that which, sends or conveys

gence.

In-tel'li-GENT,
reason.

2.

a. 1.

or

intelli-

Endowed with

Well informed

lN-TEL'Ll-GEN'TIAL,a.

sensible.
Intellec-

1.

tual. 2. Consisting of

unbodied mind.
In-TEL'LI-Gent-LY, adv. In an intelligent manner.
IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BIL'I-TY, m.
Quality
of being intelligible.

In-tel'li-G1-BLE

a.
Capable of being understood or comprehended.
Syn. Comprehensible; perspicuous;

plain

clear.

IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLE-NESS,
gibility,

n.

Intelli-

manner.
In an in-

[telligible

In-tel'li-Gi-bly. adv.

In-tem'per-ance,

n.

1.

Want

of

moderation or due restraint excess

in any kind of action or indulgence.
2. Habitual indulgence in drinking
;

spirituous liquors.

In-tem'per-ate,

'

In-tan'6i-ble,
not

Relating to the under-

mation communicated.

iN'SUF-Fl'dENT (-1'ish'ent), a.
1.
IN'SUR-REG'TION, n. [Lat.
A rising agaiust civil
tio.]
Not sufficient; inadequate to any
cal authority.
need, use, or purpose. 2. Wanting
in strength, power, ability, or skill.
Syn. Inadequate; unequal; incom-

3.

overrates the understanding.

not to be overcome.

inadequacy.

standing.
standing.

1N'TEL-LET'U-ALIST,

to excess

Excessive

a.

1.

Indulging

any appetite or passion.

2.

inordinate. 3. Addicted
to an excessive or habitual use of
spirituous liquors.
;

In-sult', v. t. [-ED -ING.] To treat In-tXn'gi-ble-ness, ft. Quality of

being intangible.
with gross abuse, or insolence.
v.
[Lat., entire.]
A In-tem'per-ate-Iy, adv. Immodi.
To behave with insolent triumph. In'te-Ger, ft
whole
number, in contradistinction
erately excessively.
In-sult'er, ft. One who insults.
[held.
to a fraction.
In-ten'a-ble, a. Incapable of being
lN-SU/PER-A-BIL'I-TY,ft. Quality of
In'te-gral, a. 1. Complete whole
IN-TEND', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat.
being insuperable.
entire
not fractional. 2. Pertainintend pre ; in and tend ere, to stretch.]
In-su'per-a-ble, a. Incapable of
ing to, or being a whole number.
To fix the mind upon, as the object
being overcome or surmounted.
ft.
A whole; an entire thing; a
to be effected.
In-su'per-a-ble-ness, n.
Quality
whole number.
of being insuperable.
Syn. To contemplate;
meditate;
purpose; design; mean.
In-su'per-A-bly, adv. So as not to IN'te-grant, a. Necessary to constitute an entire thing.
In-tend'an-CY, ft.
Office, employbe overcome.
ment, or district of an intendant.
IN/SUP-port'a-BLE, a.
Incapable IN'TE-GRATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
make entire to restore.
[entire. In-tend'ant, ft. A superintendent
of being supported; insufferable.
overseer.
iN'sup-port'a-ble-ness, n. Qual- In'te-gra'tion, n. Act of making
;

being insupportable.
iN'sup-port'a-bly, adv. So as not
to be eiidured.
In'sttp-pos/a-ble, a.
Incapable of
being supposed.
[pressed.
In'sup-press'1-ble a. Not to be supIn-sur'A-ble (-shur'a-bl), a. Capable' of being insured against loss or
ity of

In-TEG'RI-TY,
1.

2.

integritas.]

[Lat.

IN-TEND'ED, ft. An affianced lover.

State of being entire wholeness. In-ten'er-a'tion, ft. Act of makHonesty uprightness. 3. Uniming soft or tender.
ft.

paired state

purity.

Syn. Probity; honesty; uprightness;

virtue; rectitude.

damage.

In-sur'ance (-shur7 -),

n.
Act of insuring against ioss or damage
a
contract for a stipulated consideration, to indemnify against loss by
;

certain risks.

In-teg'u-ment,

In-tense',

[Lat.

a.

tight.]
stretched,
tightly drawn. 2.
gree;

1.

intensus,
Strained;

Extreme in

de-

[degree.
w. [Lat. integumentum, fr. integere, to cover.] That In-tense'LY, adv. To an extreme
which naturally invests or covers In-tnse'ness, ft. State of being
intense intensity.
another thing, as the skin.
[-ed -ing, 142.]
[Lat. intellectus, In-ten'si-fy, v. t.
IN'TEL-LET, ft.
[Lat. intensus and facere, to make.]
Facfr. intelligere, to understand.]
To render more intense.
ulty of the soul by which it knows
In-ten'sion, ft. 1. A straining, or
the power to judge and comprehend
;

In-sure'

[-ed; -ing.]

(-shyr/), v.t.

To make sure or

secure.
2. To
secure against a possible loss on certain stipulated conditions, or at a
1.

the understanding.

In'tel-LE'TION,
hension of ideas

ft.

Simple appre-

the state of being strained. 2. Increase of power.

State of being inft.
tense intenseness extreme degree.
In-ten'sive, a. 1. Stretched, or admitting of extension. *" 2. ( Gram.)
Serving to give force, [to give force.

In-ten'si-TY,

intuition.

In'tel-legt'ive,^ 1. Having powv. i. To underwrite;

2. Produced by
er to understand.
making insurance.
the understanding.
/n-sur'er (-shijr'-), n. One who in- IN'tel-lect'U-al, a. 1. Belonging
In a manner
sures an underwriter.
to, or performed by, the mind men- lN-TEN'sIVE-EY,arff.
TN-SUR'GENT, a, [Lat. insurgens, p.
Having the mind bent
tal.
2. Having the power of under- In-tent', a.
;

given rate.
(o practice

',

, E,

I,

6, U, Y,long;

A ,I,
3

6, U, Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VSIL,TRMj PIQUE, FlRM SON,
;

INTENTION
oq an object
design

meaning; aim.

1. Fixed direction
a particular object.

n.
to

IN / ter-LU'ion,

Object intended. 3. State of being strained.

Design purpose; aim; intent;
Syn.

See Design.

drift.

Done by

lN-TEN'TlON-AL,a.
tion

iutended

inten-

designed.

lN-TEN'TlON-AL-Li adv.

stopping.

With

in-

n.
clear space between two columns,
measured at the lower parts of their
shafts.

INTER-GOM'MON,

-ING.]
V. i. [-ED
To feed at the_same table.
To
lN / TER-OM-MU'NI-ATE, V. i.
communicate mutually to hold mu;

by design.
[ner.
In-TEXT'ly, adv. In anintentmanSyx. Fixedly steadfastly; earnesttention

IN-TE'RI-OR (89), a. [Lat,] 1. BeLi?

within any limits internal inner.
2. Remote from the frontier or shore
The

Interception

n.

iN'TER-eO-LUM/NI-A'TION,

2.

INTERMARRY

229

n.

fixed closely.

a purpose

In-ten'tion,
of the mind

tual communication^
LVTER-COM-3'iU'NI-CA'TION,
ciprocal communication.

Re-

n.

Internal part; the

inside.
2. Inland country.
IVter-JA'cen-cy, n. A region between some other places.
inland.

n.

1.

In'TER-JA'cent,

a.

interja-

[Lat.

'

Lying between.

cens.]

IVtER-JEGT',

[-F/D

-ING.
-jectum; inter, be[Lat.
tween, and jacere, to throw.] To
v.
interjicere,

throw

in

t.

between

to insert.

1.
Ac s of
Mutual INTER-JEC'TION, n.
IN'TER-COM-MUN'ION, n.
throwing between.
2.
A word
communion.
thrown in to express some emotion
In-tent'ness, n. State of being in- iN'TER-eos'TAL, a.
[Lat. inter, beor passion.
tent close application.
tween, and costa, rib.] Lying between
[-RED -RING.]
IN'ter-jec'TION-al, a. Thrown in
IN-TER' (14), V. t.
the ribs.
between other words or phrases.
[Lat. in and terra, the earth.] To de- In'ter-course, n.
Connection by
concurrent or reciprocal action or INTER-LA9E', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
posit and cover in the earth to bury.
Inserted
in
unite, as by lacing together to insert
IN-TER'GA-LAR,
a.
nations.
dealings
or
between
persons
(
one thing with another.
IN-TER'A-LA-RY
the midst of
commerce;
Syn. Communication
communion; fellowship; familiarity; In TER-lXRD', v. t.
[-ED
-ING.]
others applied particularly to the
acquaintance.
To mix in, as fat with lean to diodd day (Feb. 29th) inserted in leapIN / ter-UR'ren9E, a. A passing or
versify by mixture.
year.
running between.
IN'TER-LAY', V. t.
[-LAID; -LAYIN-TER'A-LATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. intercurING.] To lay or place among or be[Lat. intercalarr, -latum ; inter, be- iN'TER-etiR'RENTja.
rents.]
Running between or among.
tween,
tween, and calare, to proclaim.] To
[serted.
[-EDj -ING.] IN'ter-leaf', n. A blank leaf ininsert between others, as a day in a IN'TER-DICT', V.t.
[Lat. interdicere, -dictum ; inter, be- IN'TER-LEAVE', V. t.
[-ED -ING.]
calendar.
tween, and dicere, to say.] 1. To
To insert a blank leaf or leaves into.
In-ter/A-la'tion, n. Insertion of
forbid by order or charge to pro- IN'TER-LINE', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
any thing between others.
hibit.
2. To cut off from commuwrite between lines already written
In'ter-cede', v. i.
f-ED; -ING.]
nion with a church.
or printed.
[Lat. intercedere ; inter, between, and
y

ly;

attentive!)'; diligently; eagerly.

To act between
cedere, to pass.]
parties in order to effect a reconciliato mediate.
tion
to interpose
;

esn. A prohibition
pecially, a prohibition of the pope.
Act of intern.
dicting prohibition inhibition.

iN'TER-DIGiy,

INTER-DICTION,

lN'TER-CED'ENT, a. Mediating.
In'ter-^ed'er, n. One who inter- !n'te'r-diT'ive,

cedes

[-ED; -ING.]
-ceptum : inter, be-

or

In'TER-CEPT', V.t.
[Lat. intercipere,

tween, and capere, to take.] 1. To

take or seize by the way. 2. To obstruct the progress

3.

of.

To

inter-

4. To
rupt communication with.
include or comprehend between.
In'ter-CEP'tion, n. Act of inter-

cepting or stopping: hindrance.

IN'ter-^es'sion (-sesb/un),

n.

1.

design, power,

effect, to prohibit.

other

a.

)
J

Written or inserted between

lines.

In'ter-lin'e-a'tion,

n.
1. Act of
interlining.
passage, word, or
2.
line inserted between lines.
IN'TER-LINK/, V. t. [-EDJ-ING.] To
connect by uniting links.
[tween.

In'ter-est, v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To

excite emotion or passion in, in be- In'ter-lo-ga'tion, n. A placing behalf of a person or thing. 2. To lN'TER-LOK', I', i. [-ED; -ING.] To
excite in behalf of another, or of
embrace, communicate with, or flow
n.
[From Lat.
some other object.
into one another.
interest, it interests, is of interest.] IN'TER-LO-CU'TION, n.
[Lat. intersympathy. 2. Excite1. Concern
locutio.]
1. Dialogue.
2. An intermeut of feeling, especially, of gratimediate act or decree.
part. 4. Ad- iN'TER-LO-e'u-TOR, n.
fied feeling. 3. Share
One who
;

vantage. 5. Premium paid for the

use of money.

Act of interceding mediation interposition between parties at va;

Having the

a.

In'ter-diot'o-ry,

a mediator.

In/ter-lin'e-al,
In'ter-lin'e-ar,

In'ter-est-ed, p.

speaks in dialogue

a dialogist.

IN'ter-log'u-to-ry

(50). a. 1. Con2. Not final or

in-

Having an ina.
liable to be affected.
terest
IN'ter-est-ing (110), p. a. Engag-

lN'TERLOPE',.i. [-EDJ-ING.] To

In'TER-CHANGE'. V. t. [-ED -ING.]

To put each in the place of the other

ing the attention or curiosity exciting emotions or passions.

IN'TER-FERE', V. i. [-ED; -ING.]

In'ter-lop'er,

riance.

2. Solicitation.

Jn'ter-^es'sor. n. A mediator.
IN'TER-CES'SO-RY, a. Containing

tercession j interceding.

to exchange.

v.

i.

To succeed

n.

Act of mu-

1.

tually changing; exchange.

ternate succession.

2.

Al-

1.

Ad-

INTER-CLUDE',
[Lat.

V.

a.
t.

Intercepting.
-ING.]
[-ED
;

inlercludere ; inter, between,

claudere, to shut.] To
to interrupt.

and dud ere,

intercept

OR, do,

wolf, TOO, TOOK

fJRN,

One who

n.

to

inter-

1.

2.

IN'TER-fer'ence,
of interposition.

Act or state

w. 1.

2. Collision

clash-

ing.
ent.]

[Lat.

a.

interflu-

Flowing between.

IN'ter-fOl'gent,
^

[Lat.

a.

Shining between.

fulgens.]

In'ter-fu'sion

inter.

(-iu'zhun), n.

pouring or spreading out between.

IN'ter-im, n. [Lat] The mean time.

RUE, PULL

entertainment between the acta

of a play or between the play and
the afterpiece. 2. A short piece of
music be_tween the parts of a hymn.
Belonging to
IN'TER-LU'NAR,
a.
iVter-lu'na-ry,
the time when
the moon is invisible.
In / ter-mar'riaGe n. Marriage between two families, where each takes
one and gives another.
In'TER-MAR'RY, v. t. [-ED -ING,
142.] To become connected by a marriage between two of their members.
rical

In-ter'flu-ENT,

iN'TER-ciPp-ENT,

inter,

foot against its opposite.

Syn. To interpose; intermeddle.
See Interpose.

state of being interchangeable.

mitting of exchange. 2. Following

each other in alternate succession.
IN'TER-CHANGE'A-BLY, adv. In an
interchangeable manner alternately.

[Lat.

strike.

clash.

fN'TER-CHANGE/A-EII/I-TY,^ The

iN'TER-CHANGE'A-BLE.a.

traffic without a proper license

prevent right.

between, and ferire, to

lopes
one who interferes wrongTo come in collision to
fully or officiously.
To take a part in the con- IN'TER-LUDE (53), n. [Lat. inter, becerns of others. 3. To strike one
tween, and ludus, play.] 1. Theat-

al-

ternately^

In'TER-chanGe',

sisting of dialogue.
definitive.

I, o, silent

<?,G,soft; ,5,Jiard; AS.;

EXIST; NasNG; THIS

INTERMEDDLE

INTERVENE

230

Syn. To question
inquire
/N'TER-MED'DLE, V. I. [-ED -ING.]
ask.
representative at republics and small
See Question.
[tween oceans.
courts._
To meddle in the affairs of others.
i.
v.
To
ask
questions
IN'TER-O'CE-AN'IC
(-5'she-),
a.
BeSyn. To interpose; interfere. See
Interpose.
lN'TER-PEL-LA'TION, n. [Lat. inter- In-tEr'ro-ga'tion, n. 1. Examination by questions.
2. A question
In'ter-med'dler, n. One who in1. Interruption.
2. Inpellation
put; an inquiry.
3.
A mark [?]
intercession.
termeddles.
terposition
indicating a question.
a.
[-ED; -ING.]
DenotIN'TER-me'di-al,
a.
[Lat. inter- IN'TER-PLEAD', V. i.
ing a question
expressed in the
To discuss first a point incidentally
IN ter-me'di-a-RY,
media*.] Ly;

ing between; intervening; interme-

happening.

IN'TER-PLEAE'ER,

diate.

n.

One who

1.

proceeding to enl3fTER-ME'DI-ATE, a. Lying or beable a person, of whom the same

ing in the middle between two exduty,
debt,
thing
is claimed adtremes intervening.
or
versely by two or more parties, to
IN'TER-me'di-ate, v. i. To intercompel them to litigate the right or
vene to interpose.
title between themselves.
In'TER-ME'DI-ATE-LY, adv. By way
IN'TER-PLEDGE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
of intervention.
[tion.
IN'TER-ME'DI-A'TION, n IntervenTo give andtake as a mutual pledge.
In'ter-ME'DI-UM, n. An interveuing IN-TER'PO-LATE.'U. t., [-ED; -ING.]
agent or instrument.
[Lat. interpolare, -latum ; inter, beIN-TER'MENT, n. Act of depositing
tween, and polire, to polish.] To ina dead body in the earth burial
sert, as spurious matter in a writing
interpleads.

2.

sepulture.

[limit.

IN-TER'MI-NA-BLE,

Admitting no

a.

Syn. Boundless endless; limitless;

immeasurable infinite; unbounded; unlimited.
In-ter'MI-na-BLY, adv.
Without
end or limit.
IN'TER-MTn'GLE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
To mingle or mix together.
v. i.
To be mixed or incorporated.
;

illimitable;

In'ter-mis'sion (-mish'un),

n. [Lat.

intermissio.
See Intermit.] Cessation for a time.
Syn. Interruption; interval; pause;

to foist in.

IN-TER'PO-LA'TION, n. 1. Act of
foisting a word or passage into a
manuscript or book.

ing

[Lat.

intermitte.re

between,
To cause to

inter,

and mittere, to send.]

cease for a time.
v. i.
a time.

IN'TER-MIT'TENT,

n.

To

form of a question.

In-TER'ro-ga'tor,

together.
(53),

n.

mass

formed by mixture.

IN'TER-MON'TANE,
between, and
a mountain.]

[Lat. inter,
montanus, relating to
a.

Between mountains.
iN'TER-MtfN'DANE, a.
[Lat. inter,
between, and mundanus, mundane.]
Being between worlds.

In'ter-mu'ral,
ralis.]

[Lat.

a.

intermu-

Lying between walls.

IN-TER'NAL, a. [Lat. internus.]

Inward interior not external.
;

Pertaining to

its

own

interests

1.
2.

do-

t. [-ED
-ING.] [Lat.
interponere ,-positum ; inter, between,
and ponere, to place.] 1. To place
between. 2. To intrude, as au interruption or inconvenience. 3. To offer, as aid or services.

n.

fl.

more nations.
[Lat. interneIN/TER-NE'^INE, a.
care, to kill.] Mutually destructive
;

deadly.

LVter-nun'ci-o

tion.

Onewhoasks

a questioner.
(50),

A ques-

ft.

Containing or expressing

a.

a question.

IN/TER-RUPT',

V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. inter, ampere, -rvptvm; inter,
between, a;>d rumpere, to break.] 1.
To interfere with the current or motion of. 2 To break the continuity
or order of.
IVter-rOi'TION, m. 1. Act of interrupting. 2. Obstruction caused
by breaking in upon hindrance. 3.
Stop cessation intermission.
w
IN'TER-SCRIBE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. interscribere ; inter, between,
and scribere, to write.] To write between.
;

Syn. To interfere

intermeddle.

man may

often interpose with propriety

in the concerns of others; he can never

intermeddle without being impertinent

or officious nor can he interfere without
being liable to the same charge, unless
he has rights which are interfered, with.
;

IN'ter-se'gant,
cans.]

a.

[Lat.

Dividing into parts

intersecrossing.

In'TER-sect',
-stctum

,-

v. t. [Lat. intersecare,
v nter, between, and seeare,
To divide into parts.
v. i.

to cut.]
[-ED -ihG.]
other.
;

To meet and cross each

1N'ter-SE'tion,

n.
1. Act of intersecting. 2. Point or line in which
two lines or two planes cut each
other.
[space.

IN'TER-SPACE, ft.
An intervening
In'ter-pSse', v. i. To step in
iN'TER-SPERSE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
tween parties at variance.
[poses.
[Lat. interspergere, -spersum ; inter,
IN'ter-pos'er, n. One who interbetween, and spargere, to scatter.]
lN'TER-PO^i'TlON (-zlsh'un), ft. 1.
To scatter, or set here and there.
A being, placing, or coming between. IN'ter-sper'sion,
Act of interft.
2. Interveniertt agency.
3. Mediaspersing.
tion.
4. Any thing interposed.
In/ter-stEe'lar,
) a.
Situated
IN-TER'PRET, V. t.
[-EU; -ING.] IN'TER-STEL'LA-RY,
among the
j
[Lat. inlerpretari.]
To explain the
stars.
meaning of to expound.
IN'TER-STICE, or IN-TR'STICE, ft.
IN-TER'PRE-TA'TION, n. 1. Act of
[Lat. interstitium.] An empty space
interpreting explanation of what is
between things closely set, or the
not obvious. 2. Meaning sense.
parts which compose a body.
Syn. Exposition: elucidation; trans- IN'TER-STI'TIAL (-stish'al). a. Per;

lation; version: construction.

IN-TER'PRE-TA'TIVE,
to explain.
tation,

2.

[ing to kill.
Killing; tend(-nun'shi-o),
n.

a.

a.

taining to, or containing, interstices.

[prets.
Tn-ter'pret-er, n. One who interIn'ter-punc'tion, n.
[Lat. inter-

Punctuation.
n.

and

rex, king.]

IN-TER'RO-GATE,
[Lat. interrogare,

[Lat. inter, be-

Act ot interft.
weaving, or state of things interwoven.
IN'TER-TWINE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To unite by twining one with an;

regent.

iN'TER-TWlST',

*.

and

amine by askmg questions.

ex-

[-EB; -ING.]

space between things. 2. Space

of time between any two events. 3.
Difference in pitch between any two
tones.
1.

To

t.

To twist one with another.

IN'TER-VAL, n. [Lat. intervallvm .]

t.
[-ED -ING.] IN'TER-VENE', V.
[Lat. intervenire
-gatum ; inter, be-

V.

tween, and rogare, to ask.]

a, e,I, 5,tJ, Y,long; !,,*, 6,0,y, short,

IN/TER-TEXT'URE,

other.

tween, and regnum, reign.]

Time
during which the executive branch
of a government is for any cause
suspended or interrupted.
IN'TER-REX, n. [Lat. inter, between,

[Lat.

internuncius ; inter, between,

nuncius, messenger.] The pope's

Fitted
interpre-

I.

Known by

IN/TER-REG'NUM.

Inwardly.
(-nitsh / un-),

Pertaining to the relations of two or

IN'ter-NE'OiVE,

interposition.

punctio.]

mestic.

In-ter'NAl-ly, adv.
IN'TER-NA'TION-AL

spurious

which ceases

In'ter-mix', v. t. To mix together.

[-ED; -ING.] To be mixed
v. i.

iVter-mixt'ure

questions

IN'ter-rog'a to-ry

disease
at certain intervals.
tervals.

cease for

Ceasing at in-

a.

IN/TER-POSE',1).

stop; rest.

IN'ter-mis'sive, a. Coming by fits,

or after temporary cessations.
IN'TER-MIT', V. t. [-TED -TING.]

2.

word or passage in the genuine writings of an author.

iN'TER-POg'AL, n. Act of interpos-

word

IN'TER-ROG'A-TJVE-LY, adv. In the

form of a question.
.
used in asking questions.

and

t,
;

venire, to come.]

[ED
inter,
1.

-ING.]
between,
:

To come

be between persons or things.

2.

ot

To

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, termvp'iQue, firm; son,

;;

INTE11YENTI0N

INTKUSION

'231

are so many or so arranged as to make

To happen IN-TOMB' (-toonV), v. t. [-ED -ING.]
it is intricate
difficult to grasp them
To bury
m a way to disturb or interrupt.
(lit^ having many folds) wheD it hus
[Lat.
-ING.]
[-ED
V.
i.
1.
inIN'TO-NATE,
I.VTER-VEN'TION, n.
Act of
numerous windings and confused in
volutions which it is hard to follow out.
intonare, -natum; in and tonare, to
interposition.
2.
Any
tervening
Complexity puzzles; complication conthunder.] 1. To sound the tones of
interference that may affect the infounds intricacy bewilders.
the musical scale. 2. To read in a
[a conference.
terests of others.
adv. In an intriIN'tri-ATE-1iY,
view
manner
musical
In'ter-view, n. A mutual
cate manner.
[-ED; -ING.] IN'TO-NA'TION,?!. 1. {Mus.) (a.) Act
LN'TER-VOLVE',
1. A secret and comn.
In-tr'igue',
musical
tones
of
the
of sounding the
[Lat. inter, between, among, and
plicated plot to effect some purpose.
scale, (b.) Peculiar quality of a voice
to roll.]
To involve one
volvere,

come between events.

it

3.

or musical instrument.
manner of modulating
musically.

within another.

IW'TER- WEAVE',

INTERWOVEN

V.

[INTERWOVE

t.

INTERWEAVING.]

In-tone',

To weave together to unite in texture or construction.

;

v.

amour,

v.

3.

love

[-ED; -ING.]

i.

[Fr.

See INTRICATE.]
intriguer.
form a secret plot or scheme.

1.
2.

To
To

carry on a commerce of forbiddeu

v. t.
To chant.
IN-TES'TA-BLE, a. [Lat. intestabilis.]
lN-TOX'I-ATE,V. t. [-ED -ING.] [L.
Not legally qualified to make a will,
Lat. intoxicare, -catum, to drug or
[N-TES'TA-C\\ n. State of one dying
poison.] 1. Tomake drunk to inebriwithout having made a valid will.
ate. 2. To excite to a kind of delirium.
IN-TES'TATE, a. [Lat. i.ntestatus; in,
not, and testari, to make a will.] 1. In-tox'1-A'tion, n. 1. State of
act of making
being intoxicated
Dying without a valid will. 2. Not
n.
One who
drunk. 2. Extreme elation.
disposed of by will.
dies without making a valid will.
Syn. Drunkenness; inebriety; infatuation; delirium.
In-tes'ti-nal, a. Pertaining to the
In-tract/a-bie'i-ty, n. Quality of
intestines of an animal bod)".
IN-TES'TINE, a. [Lat. iatestinus; inbeing intractable.
inward. IN-TRAGT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not tracta1. Internal
tus, within.]
2.
3. Domestic, not forble, easily governed or managed.
2. Subjective.
The canal extending
Indisposed to be taught or disciit. pi.
eign.
plined.
from the right orifice of the stomach

[intrigues.

love.

commerce of forbidden

Secret

voice

To
-ING.]
protracted sound.

[-ED

i.

give forth a deep

the

a play or romance.

2. Plot of

Act or

2.

IN-TRIGU'ER

(in-trGg'er),??..

One who

[Lat. intrinsecus
intra, within, and secus, side.] In-

IN-TRIN'SI,

ward; internal; hence, true; genu-

ine

really

V.

[-ED

t.

reduce to bondage

In-thrall'mem,j
]n-thral'MENT,
Ix'TI-MA-CY,

n.

To

-ING.]

to enslave.
n. Servitude

sla-

(very; bondage.
Close familiarity.

a.
1. Innermost
lN-TRAN'sl-Ti'vE, a. Expressing an
Near; close.
3. Close
action that is limited to the agent, or
acquaintance;
fain friendship or
that does not pass over to, or operate
miliar.
n.
A familiar friend.
on, an object.
-ING.]
t.
[-ed
In'ti-mate (45), v.
In-tran'si-tive-ly, adv. Without
[Lat intimate, -matum; intimvs, in- ^ an object following,
most.] To suggest obscurely or in- in'trans-mis'si-ble, a. Not capable
directly to give slight notice of; to
of being transmitted.
[manner. IN'TRANS-MUT'A-Bil/I-TY, a. Quality
hint.
iN'TI-MATE-LY, adv. In an intimate
of not being transmutable.
IN'TI-MA'TION, a. Act of intimating
In'trans-mut'a-ble, a. Not capathat which is intimated a hint.
ble of being changed into another
IN-TIM'I-DATE, v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
substance.
[-ED;-ING.]
[L. Lat. intimidare, -datum; Lat. in IN-TRENCH' (66), V. t.
and timidus, timid.] To make timid
1. To surround with a trench, as in
to inspire with fear.
fortification.
2. To make hollows in
v. i.
To encroach.
or upon.
Syn. To dishearten; dispirit; abash.
IN-TRENCH'MENT, n. 1. Act of inIn-tIm'i-da'tion, n. Act of making
2. {Mil.) A trench or
trenching.
timid state of being abashed.
ditch dug out for a defense also, a
IN-TIT'ULE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
fortification.
Any
;

slight

entitle.

IN'TO, prep. To the inside of; within;

used in a variety of applications.

In-t5l'er-a-bee,

Not

tolerable

not capable of being borne or endured insufferable.

In tol/er-a-ble-ness, n. Quality
of being not tolerable.
In-toi/er-a-bly, adv. In an intol;

manner.

In-tol'er-ance,

n.

3.

or protection.

IN-TREP'ID,
Fearless

intrepidus.]

[Lat.

a.

bold

brave

undaunted.

In'tre-pid/i-ty,

n.
State or quality
of being intrepid.
bravery
Courage heroism
Syn.

fortitude; gallantry; valor.

difference of opinion or sentiment,

especially in relation to religion.
In-tol'er-a'tion, n. Want of toleration
intolerance.
;

tricate

complexity.

IN'TRI-GATE,

[Lat. intricatus, p.
a.
p. of intricare, fr. in and triae, hin-

drances.]

Syn.

perplexed.

complicated.

complex when

is

parts;

it is

Involved

Complex

thing

DO WOLF, TOO, TOO 2. URN, RUE, PULL

j

complication

complicated

JS, I,

O, silent

it is made up in
when those parts

Preliminary matter.

<j,G,soft;

4.

formal

and elaborate preliminary treatise,

Serving to
iN'TRO-DUe'TO-RY, a.
introduce

preliminary

prefatory.

[Lat. introitus, from

vocal compointroire, to go into.]
sition appropriate to the opening of
church services, or to church service

In-TRO'IT,

in general.

In'TRO-mIs'SION (-nnWun),

Acn.
tion of sending or couveviug in.
IN'TRO-MIT',*'. t. [-TED; -TJNG,136
[Lat. intromittere ; intro, within, and
mittere, to send.] 1. To send or let
2. To allow to enter.
in.
]

IN'TRO-SPECT',
cere,

-spectum

v.
;

[Lat. introspit.
intro, inward, and

to look.]

spicere,

To look into or
[interior.

within.

In/tro-spec'tion,
defense
iN'TRO-SPEe'TlVE,

In-trep'id-ey, adv. In an intrepid

manner; fearlessly.
IN'tri-A-cy, n. State of being inState of being

bigotry.
illiberality
In-tol'er-ant, a. Not enduring

OR,

inherent.

(15),

essential

truly.

IN'tro-ces'sion

2.

intolerant

to the anus.

lN-THRALE',

erable

real

In-trin'sic-al-ey, adv. Internally

(-sesh'un), n. [Lat.
introcedere, to go in; intro, within,
and cedere, to go.] A depression, or
sinking of parts inward.
[-ED; -ING.]
IN'TRO-DUCE', V. t.
[Lat. introduce.re ; intro. within, and
ducere, to lead.] 1. To lead cr bring
in. 2. To bring to be acquainted. 3.
Stubborn; perverse; obstinate;
Syn.
To bring into notice, i. To cause to
unruly headunmanageable
cross
[duces.
exist
to begin.
strong; ungovernable; unteachable.
Tn'tro-du'^er,
n.
One wb-o introIn-tract'a-bee-ness, n. Quality of
Act of
IN'TRO-DUC'TION, 71.
1.
[able manner.
being not tractable.
bringing to notice. 2. Act of makiN-TRAeT'A-BLY, adv. In an intracting persons known to each other, 3,

inward.

IN'TI-MATE

a.

within

n.

a.

view of the
Inspecting

seeing inwardly.

Act of introverting, or state of being introverted.

[-ED
-ING.]
V. t.
[Lat. intro, within, and vertere, to
To turn inward.
turn.]
IN-TRUDE', v. i. [Lat. intrudere; in
and "trudere, to thrust.] To thrust
one's self in to enter, unwelcome or

In'tro-ver'sion,

IN'TRO-VERT',

n.

uninvited. v. t. [-ed; -ING.] 1.

To thrust in without right or welcome. 2. To force or cast in.

Syn. To encroach; infringe; intrench; trespass.

n.
One who intrudes.
Act of
(-tru/zhun), n.

In-trud'er,
In-tru'sion

,a,hard; A; EXIST; N ASNG;

INTRUSIVE
entrance without invitawelcome.
Apt to intrude entering without right or welcome.
In-trust', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
deliver in trust
to confide to the
intruding

tion, right, or
a.

In-tru'sive,

care

of.

[Lat. inn.
to look on.] 1. An

tueri, intuitus,

act of immediate knowledge. 2. A

truth that can not be acquired by,
but is assumed in, experience.

IN/TU-I'TION-AL (-Ish'un-), a. Obtained by intuition intuitive.

iN-TU'l-TtVE (30), a. 1. Seeing clearly.
2. Knowing by intuition.
3.
Obtained by intuition, [tive manner.
In-tu'i-tive-ly, adv. In an intui;

IN'tu-mesce'

(-mes'), v.

[-ed;

i.

To expand

-ING.] [Lat. intumescere.]

with heat to swell.
;

In tu-mes'cence, n. 1. Action of
swelling.
2. A tumid state.
[-ED
V. t.
-ING.] To

1N-TWJNE',

twine into, or together.

IN-TWIST',

T-ED;

V.t.
v.

-bratum ; in and umbrare, to shade.]

To shade
In-un'date, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
inundare, -datum; in and unda, a

To overflow

1.

to flood.

2.

To

fill with an overflowing

abundance or superfluity.
IN'UN-da/tion, n. 1. Act of inundating, or state of being inundated
a flood. 2. Superfluous abundance.
IN'ur-ban'I-ty, n. Want of urbanity
;

or courtesy.

IN-URE',

[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.
[Prefix
in and ure (obs. ), to use.] To apply
or expose in use or practice till use
gives little or no pain or inconvenience to habituate.
v. i. To take
or have effect to serve to the use or

benefit of.

In-ure'ment,

n.

In-ijrn', r.

1.

To put

t.

in

Use habit.
To bury to
;

inter.

un-

Uselessness;

/x.

IN-VADE',

v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
invader e, invasmn ; in and vadere,
to go.] 1. To enter with hostile in-

tentions; to attack. 2. To infringe

to encroach on.
In-vad'er, n.
One who invades;
;

an assailant.
IN-VAL'ID, a.
[Lat. invalidus; in,
.not, and validus, strong.]
1. Of to
force, weight, or
null.
^ Void
;

cogency

weak.

IN'va-lid,

A person
To

Feeble;

a.

who

is

enroll

infirm.

2.

n.

in the military or naval service.

IN-VAL'I-DATE, v. t.
[-ED
-ING.]
To render invalid
to destroy the
;

validity of.

animal

n. Act or process
of rendering invalid.
In'va-lid'i-ty, n. Want of cogency
want of legal force or efficacy.
IN-VAL'U-A-BLE, a. [Prefix in, used
;

0,U, Y long; A, ,

I,

as with office or authority

to grace.
4. (Mil.) To surround; to lay siege
to.
5. To place, as property, so that
it will yield a profit.

Encroachment. 2. Hostile entrance

into the possessions of another. 3.
Approach of any thing hurtful.
Incursion irruption; inroad.
Syn.
Invasion is generic, denoting a forcible entrance into a foreign country. Incursion signifies a hasty and sudden invasion; irruption denotes a particularly
violent invasion; inroad includes the
idea of invasion with a design to occupy.

In-va'sive, a. Tending to invade.

In-ve'tive, n.
A harsh or reproachful accusation.
Abuse; censure; reproach.
Syn.

a.

[Lat. invec.tivus.
See INSatirical abusive railing.
;

(-vaV), ;

[-ED

i-

-ING.]

[Lat. invehere ; in and vehere, to

carry.]
To exclaim or rail against.

IN-VEIGH'ER
rails

One who

n.

(-va/-),

railer.

In-vei'gle,

v.

t.

[-ed; -ING.] [Norm.

Fr. enveogler, to inveigle, to blind

Lat. oculus, eye.] To persuade to
something evil by flattery to entice
to wheedle.
[gling.
In-vei'gle-ment, n. Act of inveiIn-vei'gler, n. One who inveigles.
IN-VENT', V. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
invnire, -ventum, to come upon, to
find.]
1. To discover by study or
inquiry to find out. 2. To make
to fabricate.
;

Syn.

To

contrive

devise

frame.

See Discover.

out

Full of invention.

1. Act of finding
contrivance of something new.
is invented. 3. Power

That which

of inventing.

In-vent'ive,

a.
Able
quick at contrivance.

In-vent'or,

n.

to

Syn.

List;

[-ED

invent;
finds out

-ing, 142.] To

V.

[-ED

1.

-ING.]

[Lat. investigare, -gaium ; in and

vestigare, to track.] To follow up ;
to pursue ;_to search into.
In-vks'ti-ga'tion, n. Act of investigating research
study inquiry.
In-ves'ti-ga'tive, a. Given to investigation j inquisitive.
In-ves'ti-ga'TOR, n.
One who
searches diligently into a subject.
IN-VEST'I-TURE (53), n. 1. Act or
right of investing or giving possession.
2. That with which any one
is invested.
IN-vest'ment, n. 1. Action of investing. 2. That with which one is
invested; a vestment. 3. Act of besieging by an armed force. 4. The
laying out of money in the purchase
;

of property.

In-vet'er-a-cy, n. Deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or state ac'

quired by time.

In-vet'er-ate

[Lat. invete-

(45), a.

-ratum, to render old; in and

1. Firmly established;
deep-rooted. 2. Confirmed habitual.
In-vet'er-ate-ly, adv. With obrare,

vetus, old.]

stinacy

violently.

In-vid'i-ous

(77), a. [Lat. invidiosvs

invidia, envy.] Likely to incur illwill or hatred, or to provoke envy
hateful.
[manner.
In-vid'1-ous-ly, adv. In an invidious
lN-viD'l-ofJS-NESS,?K Quality of provoking envy or hatred.
IN-VIG'OR-ATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. in and vigor, strength, vigor.]
To give vigor to to strengthen.
In-vig/or-a'tion, n. Act of invigorating, or state of being invigorated.
In-vin'ci-bil'I-ty, n.
Quality of

being invincible.

In-vin'CI-ble, a. Incapable of being

conquered or overcome unconquer-

[vents.

A woman who inInvert.]

[See

insuperable.

In an inverted

Act of inverting.
2. A complete change of order.
[Lat.
IN- VERT', v. t.
[-ed -ITVG.J
1.

invertere, inversitm; in and vertere,

to turn.]
To turn upside down to
place in a contrary order to reverse.
;

n.

Quality of

being unconquerable.
In-vin'ci-bly, adv. Unconquerably.
In-vi'o-la-bil'i-ty, n. Quality of
being inviolable.

In-vi'o-la-ble,

reciprocal.

order or manner.
.

able

make In-vIn'ci-ble-ness,

Opposite in order or relation, or in

a.

not to be profaned

1.

Not

sacred.
susceptible of injury.
;

violable^
2.

Not

[lation.

In-vi'o-la-bly, adv. Without vio[Lat. inviolaIn-vi'o-late,

a.
In-vi'o-la'ted,
tus ; in, not, and
violatux, violated.] Unhurt unin)

jured unprofaned unpolluted.

In-vis/i-bil'I-ty, n. State of being
;

invisible.
In-ver'te-bral, a. Destitute of a
In-vis'i-ble,
vertebral column invertebrate.

6, U, Y, short;

Admittingof

a.

being investigated.

IN-VES'TI-GATE,

register; roll; schedule.

an inventory of.
In-vent'ress, n.
In- verse' (14), a.

In-vr'sion,

In-ves'ti-ga-ble,

One who

something new.
/
lN'VEN-TO-RY(50),,n. [See Invent.]
Any catalogue of/ movables, as the
goods of a merchant, &c.

v.t.

In-vent'FUL, a.
IN-VEN'TION, n.

In-val/i-da'tion,

I,

weak and infirm.

nature and effect;
on the list of inva- In-verse'ly, adv.

lids

E,

An

n.

of state, or quality unchangeable[tion or change.

ness.
iN-VA'Rr-A-BLY, adv. Without altera[See Invade.]
1.
Hj-VA/sioN, n.

2.

profitableness.

A,

In-ver'te-brate,

,-

an urn.

IN'u-tIl'i-ty,

t.

Inesti-

v.

valuable.]

having no vertebral column.

a.
Having no back-bone invertebral.
IN-V A'RI-A-BLE a. Not given to va- IN-VEST', v: t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
immutable
unalterable
riation
inveetire; in and vestire, to c\othe.)
unchangeable.
1. To clothe; to dress.
2. To endow hence, to confer. 3. To clothe,
In-va'ri-a-ble-ness, n. Constancy

VEIGH.]
inumbrare, IN-VEIGH'

[Lat.

t.

To

-ING.]

twist into or together.

IN-UM/BRATE

2.

and

intensively,

mable,
[being invariable.
In-va'rj-a-BII/i-ty, n. Quality of

IN'TU-I'TION (-ish'un),

wave.]

INVISIBLE

232

[seen.

a.

Incapable of being

CARE FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT ERE VEIL, TERM PIQUE, FIRM SON
,

; ;
:

IN VISIBLY

IRRECLAIMABLE

2b3

1. pi. The natives of Ireland

n.
being wounded, or of receiving iniN-vls'l-BLY, adv. in a, manner to
2. The language of the Irish.
[nerability.
jury,
escapethe sight
IN'VI-TA'TION, n. Act of inviting; lN-VtJL']NER-A-BLE-NESS, ft. lnvul- 1'RISH-is.M, 11. An Irish idiom.
In-wall', v. t. [-ED -ING.] To in- IRK, i). t. [A.-S. carg, lazy, timid, evil.]
request of a person's company.
used impersonally.
To weary
close with a wall.
In-vI'ta-to-ry (50), a. Usiug or con!N'WARD,a. Placed or being within Irk'SOME (18), a. Wearisome; tiretaining invitations.
some giving uneasiness.
interior.
n. That which is within
[-ED -ING.]
[Lat.
In-vite', v. t.
especially in the pl.,the intestines;
in vi tare.] 1. To ask especially, to
Syn. Tedious. A task is irksome
from the kind or severity of the labor it
the entrails.
ask to an entertainment or visit. 2.
involves; it is rendered tedious by the
JN'WARD, adv. 1. Toward the inTo allure to tempt to come.
length
of time occupied in its performside or interior. 2. Into
ance.
Syn. To solicit; bid; call; summon; In'wards, J
the mind or thoughts.
attract; entice.
adv. In a wearisome
Irk'some-ly,
the inner
v. i.
To ask or call to any thing IN'ward-ly, adv. 1. In
manner.
2. In the heart
internally,
parts
pleasing.
Irk'some-ness, n. Wearisomeness.
secretly.
In'VO-OATE, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
I'RON (1'urn), n. [A.-S. iren, isen.]
IN-WEAVE', V. t. [imp. INWOVE
invocare, -catum; in and vocare, to
1. One of the most common and the
p. pr.
p. INWOVEN, INWOVE
p.
call.] _To invoke.
most useful of all the metals. 2. An
& vb. n. INWEAVING.] To weave toIn'vo-A'tion, n. 1. Act of addressinstrument made of iron. 3. pi.
gether; to intermix by weaving.
Made of or
a.
ing in prayer. 2. Form or act of
Fetters manacles
iN-WRAP^-rap/),'^- L 1-ped; -ping.]
-ING.] 1.
[-ED
calling upon some divinity. 3. (Law.)
like iron. v. t.
2. To in1. To cover by wrapping.
A. judicial call or order.
To smooth with a heated flat-iron.
i

IN'VOICE,

n. [Fr. envois, things sent.

See ENVOY.] ( Com.) A written ac-

count or bill of the particulars of

merchandise sent to a purchaser,
[-ed -ING]
v. t.
consignee, &c.
To make a written account of, as
goods to insert in a priced list.
In-v5ke', v. t. [-ed -ing.] 1. To
2. To adcall for or ask earnestly.

volve in difficulty or perplexity.

IN-WREAT-HE'

(-reeth),

v.

t.

To

surround as with a wreath.

To

fetter or handcuff.
nish or arm with iron.
I'RON-BOUND (i/urn-), a.
2.

3.

To

fur-

Bound

1.

Wrought
(-rawt'), a.
with iron 2. Surrounded with rocks.
workedin among other things.
I'RON-eLAD (I'urn-), a. Protected or
huzza!]
[Lat.,
oh
I'Sg.
pi.
;
n. A
covered with iron, as a vessel.
An exclamation of joy or triumph
war- vessel having the parts above

In-wrought'
or

I'O, n.

often used interjectionally.

water plated with iron.

I-RON're-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to, or
2. Expressing
containing, irony.
one thing and meaning the opposite.
I-ron'io-al-ly, adv. By way of irony.

A non-acid comI'O-dide (49), 11.

pound of iodine with a metal or
dress in prayer.
other substance.
IN'VO-LU'CRE, n. [Lat., fr. involvere,
I'0-DINE,.
[Gr. Iw8n?, violet-like,
to wrap up.] A whorl or set of bracts
A I'ron-m6n/ger (l'urn-), n. A dealer
fr. 101/ a violet, and elo"os, form.]
around a flower, umbel, or head.
solid from
bluish-black
grayish
or
In-vol'un-ta-ri-ly, adv. Not by
in iron wares, or hardware.
the ashes of sea-weed. At 347 Fahchoice; not spontaneously.
I'ron-wood (Vurn-), n. A tree of
renheit, it becomes a beautiful violet
In-vol'un-ta-ry, a. 1. Independent
species belonging to different genera.
vapor.
of will or choice. 2. Not proceeding
I'ron-work (I'urn-wurk), 11. 1. Any
I-6n'IG, a. Pertaining to
from choice.
thing made of iron. 2. pi. A furnace
Ionia, in Greece, or to a
traced
by
In'vo-lute, n. A curve
where iron is smelted, or a forge,
dialect of the Greek lanthe end of a string wound upon anrolling-mill, or foundery.
used in Ionia, or
guage,
from
it.
other curve, or unwound
I'ron-y (I'urn-y), a. 1. Consisting or
to an order of architectIN'vo-lute,
a.
TLat. involutus.
partaking of iron. 2. Resembling
ure.
Involve.]
In'vo-lu'ted,
See
iron.
I-O'TA, n. [Gr. 'Lira, the
Rolled rawar 1 from the edges.
I'RON-Y (I'run-y',) n. [Gr. cipuveia,
smallest letter of the
In'VO-LU'TION, n. [Lat. involutio.]
dissimulation.] A kind of ridicule
Ionic Order,
A
alphabet
(i).]
Greek
Act of involving. 2. State of
1,
which exposes the faults of others
quantity a jot.
very
small
tittle
a
Act
being involved. 3. Envelope. 4.
by seeming to adopt or approve them.
A Ir-ra/di-ance,
[Braz.]
)n.
iP'E-oXe,
of raising a quantity to any power
)n. 1. Emission of
plant, the root
ip/E-OA^u-AN'HA,
assigned.
rays of light. 2.
1r-ra'di-an-CY, j
of (which is used as an emetic.
IN-VOLVE', V. t. [imp. & p. p. INsplendor.
Luster
Irritability of
ii.
I-ras'CI-BIL'i-ty,
VOLVED p. pr. & vb. n INVOLVIR-RA'DI-ATE (77), V. t. [-ED -ING.]
temper.
ING.]
[Lat. involvere, involutum,
[Lat. irradiare, -atum ; in, and radiI-RAS'CI-BLE a. [Lat. irascibilis ; ira,
to roll about, wrap up.] 1. To roll
1. To illuminate. 2.
are, to shine.]
Easily provoked irritable.
anger.]
up to. wind round. 2. To envelop.
enlighten intellectually. 3. To
To
Irascibility.
11.
I-RAS'91-BLE-NESS,
4. To connect by
3. To complicate.
animate by heat or light.
Angry
Adorned with
way of natural consequence or effect. I-rate', a. [Lat. iratus.]
Ir-ra'di-ate, a.
enraged. [Recent.]
to contain. 6. To
5. To comprise
brightness, or any thing shining.
[Lat. ira.] Anger wrath.
Ire,m.
raise to any assigned power.
Ir-ra'di-A'tion, n. 1. Act of emitIre'ful, a. Angry wroth2. That which
ting beams of light.
Syn. To imply. Imply is opposed IR'I-DES'CENCE, n.
Exhibition of
illumination.
;

to express, or set forth; thus, an implied

engagement is one fairly to be understood from the words used or the circumstances of the case, though not set forth
in form. Involve goes beyond the mere
interpretation of things into their neces-

sary relations; and hence, if one thing

involves another, it so contains it that the
two must go together by an indissoluble
connection.

is

colors like those of the rainbow.

[Lat.
IR'I-DES'CENT, a.
rainbow.] Having colors

iris,

like

the
the

rainbow.
I-rid'i-Dm, n. [Lat. iris, iridis, the
rainbow, in allusion to the iridescence of some of its solutions.] A
metallic element, the heaviest of

irradiated

IR-RA'TION-AL

(-rSsh'un-),

a.

Void of reason. 2. Contrary to rea*

son. 3. Not capable of being exact*
ly expressed by an integral number,
or by a vulgar fraction.
Syk. Absurd foolish preposterous,;

unreasonable.

IR-RA'TION-AL'I-TY (-rSsh'un-), ft.

substances.
Want of reason or understanding.
I'Ris(89),n. [Lat. Ms, Gr. Tpis, the
involved.
rainbow.] 1. The rainbow. 2. A Ir-ra'TION-AL-LY (-r&Wun-), adv.
In- vol ve 'me NT, n. Act of involving.
Without reason absurdly.
colored membrane at the anterior
In-vul'ner-a-bil'I-ty, n. Quality
part of the eye. 3. A genus of plants, LR/RE-eLAiM'A-BLE, a. incapable oi
or state of being invulnerable.
reclaimed.
being
a.
to
Ireland
Pertaining
In-vDl'ner-a-ble, a. Incapable of I'rish (89),

In-volv'ed-ness,

State of being

known

or, do, wole, too,

TOOK URN,RTJE,pyLL;
5

e,

I,

o, silent

c, G, soft; , G, hard;

Ag; exist

as

KG! this

IRRECLAIMABLY

ISOMERIC

234

In an

Ik/re-L,A1M'a-bly, adv.

ir-

iR'RE-PROAcr.'A-BLE,

Incapable

a.

of being justly reproached

reclaimable uiauner.

Ir-rec'on-cil'a-ble,

Incapable
of being reconciled, appeased, or
made to harmonize.
Syn. Incongruous incompatible
a.

blame

n.

Qual-

[-ED -ING ] [Lat

; in and rigare, t<
water.] 1. To water
to wet.
2. T(
water, as land, by causing a strean
to flow over it.
IR/ri-ga'tion, n.
Act of watering,
especially of w,*~ring lands by arti
;

IR'RE-PROACH'A-BLY, adv.
not to deserve reproach

IR'RE-PROV'A-BLE,

So as
blamelessly

Incapable of

a.

being justly reproved

inconsistent.

Ir-rec'on-cIl'a-BLE-ness,

from

free

jupright.

Ir'RI-GATE, v. t.
irrigare, -gatvm

blameless.
So as not

iR/RE-PROV'A-BIiY, adv.

ficial

to be liable to reproof or blame.

iR'RE-glST'ANCE, n. Forbearance to
resist
passive submission.
IR're-sIst/i-bil'I-ty, n. Quality of

means.

Ir-rig'tj-ous, a. [Lat. irriguus.] Wa.

tered
watery.
1R'RI-ta-bIl'i-ty, n. Quality of being easily irritated susceptibility U
lR/RE-OV'ER-A-BLE (-kuv'er-), a.
excitement.
being irresistible.
Not capable of being recovered, reIR'RE-SIST'I-BLE, a.
1. Capable of be
Incapable of Ir'ri-ta-BLE, a.
stored, or remedied.

ing
irritated.
being
successfully
resisted.
2. Easily inhan.ed oi
Irreparable
irretrievable irSyn.
remediable incurable.
lR/RE-s.IsT'1-BLE-NESS, n. Quality
exasperated.
iR'Rl-TANT.a. Irritating.
of being irresistible.
n. That
Beyond
iR/RE-edv'ER-A-BLY, adv.
which irritates, or in any way causes.
IR'RE-SIST'I-BLY, adv. In a manner
[able.
recovery.
pain, heat, or tension.
not to be successfully resisted.
IR'RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. Not redeemIncapable of IR'RI-TATE,^. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
Ir/re-du'ci-ble, a.
Incapable of iR-REs/O-LU-BLE, a.
irritare, -latum.]
1. To excite beat
being dissolved.
being reduced.
and redness in, as the skin to fret.
Ir-ref'RA-ga-ble, a. Not refraga- Ir-res/c-lOte, a. Not resolute not
2. To increase the action or violence
decided given to doubt.
not to be refuted.
ble
of.
3. To excite anger in.
IR-REF'U-TA-BLE, Or IR'RE-FUT'ASyn. - Wavering; vacillating; undetermined undecided
ununsettled
BLE a. Incapable of being refuted.
Syn. To provoke; exasperate.
stable; unsteady.
IR-REF'U-TA-BLY, Or IR'RE-FUT'AWhatever comes across our feelings irriWithout
tates; whatever excites anger provokes ;
BLY, adv. Beyond the possibility of Ir-res/o-lute-ly, adv.
whatever raises anger to a high point
resolution.
refutation.
exasperates.
Ir-res'o-lute-ness, n.
Want of
Ir-reg'u-lar, a
1. Not regular;
irresolution.
resolution
Ir'ri-ta'tion, n.
Act of irritatnot according to common form or
Ir-res/o-l'tion, n. Want of resoing; excitement of anger or passion
rules, or established principles.
2.
fluctuation of mind.
lution
provocation exasperation
anger.
Not straight. 3. Not uniform.
Incapable of Ir'ri-ta'tive, a.
Serving to excite
Syn. Unsystematic; eccentric un- Ir/re-solv'A-ble, a.
of beingirreconcilable.
Jll-REe'ON-^iL'A-BLY. adv.
In a
manner that precludes reconciliation.
ity

settled

changeable

being" resolved.

wild.

IR-reg'u-lar'i-ty, n. 1. Deviation
from established form, custom, or
ruie.

2.

An

or irritate.

Ir're-spect'ive,

Not having

a.

Without

Ir/re-spET'ive-ly, adv.

act of vice.

re-

spect or regard.

Ir-rDp'TION,

[Lat. irrvptio

n.

ir-

rumpere, to break in.] 1. A sudden,

violent rushing into a place. 2. A

[piration.
Ir-REG'u-lar-ly, adv.
regard to circumstaucts.
Without
sudden invasion.
Unfit for res- Is, v. i.
rule, method, or order.
IR-RES'PI-RA-BLE. a.
[A.-S. Lat. esse, to be.] The
Ir-rel'a-tive, a.
Net relative; 1r / re-spon si-bil'i-ty, n. Want of
"third person singular of the verb To
without mutual relations.
responsibility.
be, indicative mode, present tense.
Ir-rel'e-van-cy, n. Quality of not Ir're-spon'si-ble, a. Not respon- I'SA-GON, n.
[Gr. iaos, equal, and
b( Ing applicable.
sible not liable or able to answer for
yovCa, angle.] A figure whose angles
[apt to retain.
iR-rtf. i/'e-vant, a.
consequences.
Not relevant;
are equal.
Not retentive or PsIn-glAss, n. [That is, iceglass, fr.
not applicable or pertinent.
IR'RE-TEN'TI VE n
Ir-REL'e-vant-ly, adv. In an ir- Ir/re-triev'a-ble, a. Incapable of
icing, ice, and glass.] 1. A kind of
relevant manner.
recovery or repair.
gelatine prepared from the air-blad;

iR/RE-LiG'iON, n.
or contempt of it.

Want

of religion,

Syn.

Irremediable;

incurable;

ir-

reparable; irrecoverable.

Syn. Ungodliness
wickedness
impiety.

worldliness

Ir're-TRIEV'A-BLY, adv.
to be retrieved

Ir/re-lig'ioOs

(-l!j''us), a.
1. Impious ungodly. 2. Profane; wicked.
Ir're-lig'ioijS-ly, adv.
With im;

So as not

irreparably.

Ir-rev'er-ence,

Absence or den.
fect of reverence.
1. Not reverent
a.

Ir-REV'ER-ENT,

ders of sturgeons. 2. Sheets of mica

popularly so called.
[At. islam, obedience to
n.
The religion of
"the will of God.]
Mohammed also, the whole body of
its professors.

Is'LAM,

Is/EAM-igM.

n.

wanting in a due regard to the Supreme Being or in respect to superiremedied, cured, or corrected.
ors. 2. Proceeding from irreverence.
IR're-me'di-a-bly, adv. In a man- IR-REV'ER-ENT-LY, adv. In an ir[ing reversed.
ner or degree that precludes remedy.
reverent manner.
Ir're-mis'si-ble, a. Not remissible
IR'RE-VERS'I-BLE, a. Incapable of be-

IS'EAM-lTVie,

unpardonable.
[be remitted.
Jr're-mis'si-bly, adv.
So as not to
IR're-mov'A-ble, a. Not removable
immovable.

Isl'and-er
itant of an

piety

wickedly.

Ir/re-me'di-a-ble,

a.

Not

to be

Ir-rep'a-ra-ble

a.

Not reparable

not capable of being recovered or re-

Ir-rep'a-ra-bl y, adv.
arable manner.
Ir're-peal'a-ble, a.

In an irrep-

LR/RE-VERS'l-BLE-NESS,??.

Ir-REP're-hen'si-ble,

Not rep-

not to be blamed.
LR'RE-PRESS'l-BLE.a.
Not capable
of being repressed.
;

un-

State or

In a man-

ner to preclude reversal.

n.

State or

quality of being irrevocable.

a.

Incapable of

being revoked.

IR-REV'0-A-BLE-NESS,
a.

quality of being irreversible.

Ir're-vers'I-bly. adv.

Ir-rev'o-A-ble,
Not capable

of being repealed.

A,

irrepealable

iR-REV'o-eA-BiL'l-TY,

gained.

rehensible

Syn. Irrevocable;
changeable.

Isi/AND

Mohammedanism.

a. Pertaining to Islam.
(Il'and), n. [A.-S. i aland ; ed,

The s is corwater, and land.

ruptly inserted.] 1. Land wholly surrounded by water. 2. Any large,
ea.li,

floating mass.
(TFand-er), n. An inhabisland.
Isle (Tl), n. [0. Ft. isle, Lat. insula.]
[little isle.
An island.

Tsi/ET (Il'et), n.
I-SOCH'RO-NAE,
I-SOH'RO-no0s,

[Dim. of
)

a.

isle.]

[Gr. icroxpovos

equal, and
Uniform in time;
Xpovos, time.]
performed in equal times.
Is'O-LATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Jt.
)

itros,

W.

State of

being irrevocable.

IR-REV'O-CA-BLY, adv. Beyond recall

in a manner precluding recall
;

or reversion.

E,I,0,U, Y,long; A,!:,!, 6, U,Y, sAor*; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

isolare ,

fr.

Lat. insula, island.]

placeby itself; to insulate.

is'o-LA'TlON, n. State of being

To
iso-

lated.

Pso-MER'ie,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

a.

[Gr. uros, equal,

TEMj PIQUE, FIRM;

and

SON.

ISOMERISM
Having the quality of

/uepos, part.]

isomerism.

or running.
5. An artificial ulcer.
(Law.) A single material point
presented for determination. 7. Any
point made in debate or controversy.

which inclines one to scratch the

part. 2. To have a constant desire.
I'tem, adv.
[Lat.]
Also
at the
same time.
n. An article a sep1. To pass,
arate particular in an account.
v. i.
[-ed;-ing.]
[-ED
-ING.]
flow, or rush out. 2. To proceed, as
v. t.
To make a
memorandum of.
from a source to spring. 3. To end
[-ED -ING.] [Lat
to result
v. t. 1. To IT'ER-ATE, t;. t.
to terminate.
iterare, -ratum ; iterum, again.] IV
put into circulation. 2. To deliver
for use.
do a second time to repeat.
Isth'mus (Is'mus or ist'mus, 100), n. It'er-a'tion, n. Repetition.
[Lat. isthmus, Gr. io-0|uos.]
A nar- It'er-a-tive, a. Repeating, [ating.
row strip of land by which a penin- I-tin'ER-a-cy, n. Practice of itinerI-TlN'ER-ArfT, a. [L. Lat. itinerant, p.
sula is united to the main land.
IT, pron.
[0/ Eng. hit ,A.-S, hit, Skr.
pr. of itinerare, to make a journey.]
it.] An impersonal Or neuter demonTraveling about a country wanderstrative pronoun, corresponding to
n. One who travels from place
ing.
6.

I-SOitt'ER-iSM, n.
(Chern.) An identity of elements and of atomic proportions, with a difference in the
amount combined iu the compound
molecule, and of its essential qualities.
I

a. [Gr. io-os, equal,

and per pop, meas-

ure.] Pertaining to, or characterized

by, equality of measure.

I'SOS'CE-les,
equal,

and

a. [Gr. io-oo-/ceA>j?

uros,

Having only

o-Ke'Ao?,leg.]

two

sides that are equal

said of a
triangle.
I'SO-THERM, n. [Gr. tcro?, equal, and
flepju-rj, heat.] An imagmary line over
;

the earth's surface passing through

points having the same mean annual

temperature.

I'so-therm'al, a.
Having the nature of an isotherm illustrating the
distribution of temperature by means
;

I'ra-el-ite

(44), n.

descendant

of Israel or Jacob; a Jew.

IS/RA-EL-'fT'IC, 1 a.
Pertaining to
Israel; Jewish;
II'ra-el-It'ish, j
Hebrew.
IS'su-a-ble (Ish'shi]-), a. Leading to,
producing, or relating to, an issue.
Is'SUE (ish/shn), n. [El., from 0. Fr.
1.
issir, to go out, from Lat. exire.]
Act of passing or flowing out egress.
delivery. 3.
2. Act of sending out
;

That which

passes, flows, or is sent

offultimate result or end
;

spring

produce

profit.

4.

flux

the tenth letter, and seventh

English alphabet.
written formerly in
i was
See
words where j is now used.
Prin. of Pron. 77.
Jab'ber, f. (. [-eb; -ING.] [Allied
to gibbrr and gabble.] To talk rapRapid and
n.
idly or indistinctly.

the masculine he j,nd the feminine

she, and having the same plural.
I-TAL'IAN (i-tal'yan), a. Pertaining
to Italy, its inhabitants, or their language.
n.
1. A native of Italy. 2.
The language used by the Italians.
I-TAL/IAN-IZE, V. t.' [-ED; -ING.]

Italian.

I-TAL'I (110), a.
Relating to Italy,
or to a kind of type in which the
letters do not stand upright but slope

from

right to

left.

n.

letter or

letters in

A nickname of John. 2.
card bearing the figure
of a servant. 3. A seafaring

man.

4.

An

playing-

venient service.

7-

or, do,

American Jack.

English Jack.

Jack-at-all-trades, one who can turn

his hand to any kind of business.
Jackat-a-pinch, one who receives unexpected
calls to do any thing.
Jack-ivith-alantern, a meteor that appears in low,
moist lands.

n.

foppish, im-

1.

-ING.]

To travel from

ebur, eboris, ivory,

A monkey

2.

pi.

11.

blockhead.
ass.

Large boots

th<

n.
small bird allied
to the crows.
Jack/et, n. [Fr.

jaquette.] A short,
close
garment,

extending down-

ward tothe

Jack'knife

Jackdaw.

hips.
(-nif), n.

knife for the pocket,

for raising

n.

large clasp-

[work.
plane for coarse

(-skru), n. A machine
heavy weights through a

small distance.

JXc'o-BiN, n.
[From the place of
meeting, a monastery of the monks
called Jacobines.] One of a society

Hence, a boy, in

ridi-

cule.

of violent revolutionists in France,

during the revolution of 1789. Hence,

a factious demagogue.
JXc'o-bin'ic,
a. Relating to. or
Jac'o-bIn'ic-al, like, the Jacobins;
)

Jack'a-napes,

wolf, too, to"ok URN, RUE, PULL

an ape.

Jack'-screw

Jackal.

2.

[2.

The male of the

1.

Jack'-plane,

[Per.
skigal.]

at in Lent.

cal pronoun.
I'VO-RY, n. [Lat.

reaching above

wolf.

[-ED;

i.

place to place, for the purpose of

preaching, lecturing. &c.
It-self', pron. The neuter recipro-

Jack/daw,

Jack'A-LENT, n. [For Jack of Lent.]

1. A sort of puppet, formerly thrown

small flag containing only the

union.

8.

Traveling.
v.

Itinerant.]

Jack'-boots,

nocturnal carnivorous animal

of Iudia and Persia, allied to the

male of certain animals.

[See

ape.]

The

a.

distances.

I-TIN'ER-ATE,

coxcomb.
jACK'Ass^ro.

shagal,

6. Any appendage to a
machiue, rendering con-

one who
I-tin'er-a-ry, n.
An account of
travels, or a register of places and

Jack'al,h.

supplies
the place of a boy. 5.
portable machine, variously constructed, for
weights
great
raising
through a small space.

preacher;

pertinent fellow.

strument that

particularly a
is unsettled.

this clause is printed.

Jack/-A-dan'DY,

in-

place,

which

is

indistinct talk.

to

Skr. ibha, elephant.]

1. The substance constituting the tusks of the
I-t.Xl'i-cize, v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
elephant. 2. The tusks themselves.
write or print in Italic characters.
3. Any substance resembling ivory.
ITCH, n.
[A.-S. gictha.]
1. A cuta- I'vo-ry-black, n. A black powder,
made by charring bones.
neous disease attended with severe
itching. 2. The sensation occasioned I'vo-ry-type/w.
A photographic
picture taken upon a surface like
by the disease. 3. A constant irrithat of ivory.
tating desire.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.]
I'VY-n. [A.-S. ifig.] A climbing plant.
1. To feel uneasiness in the skin,

character such as the

letter

Jab'ber-er, n. One who jabbers.

Ja'cinth, n. Same as Hyacinth.
Jack, n. [Of. Fr. Jacques, James.] 1.

J(jl)
consonaut of the
The

To make

of isotherms.

I'SO-MEt'ric,.
I'SO-MET'RIC-AL,

out

JACOBINICAL

235

E,

I,

n.

[Eng. jack and

o, silent

c, G, soft;

-e,

holding revolutionary principles.

g, herd;

e^ist

% asNG

this

JACOBINISM
Violent and facopposition to legitimate gov-

tious

JEST

236

k-xO'O-BIN-Ism, n.

ceived certain views of grace similar

ous

painful apprehension of rival-

to those taught by Calvin.

ship.
[Lat. Januarius, fr. Jean (jan) n.
JXn'u-a-ry, n.
A twilled cotton cloth.
;
CXe'O-BlTE, n. [Lat. Jacobus, James.]
Janus, an old Italian deity.]
The Jeer, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Perh. a
(Eng. Hist.) A partisan or adherent
first month of the year.
modif. of cheer, in an ironical senr3.]
of James the Second.
Ja-pXn', n.
1. Work varnished and
To make a mock of some thing or
Jac'o-bit-ism, n.
The principles of
figured in the manner of the natives
person.
the adherents of James the Second.
of Japan. 2. The peculiar varnish
Syn. To sneer; scoff; gibe; mock.
jA'o-NET,n. A thin cotton fabric.
used in japanning.
v. t.
[-NED
v. t.
To treat with scoffs or ("erflJX'U-LATE,V. t. [-ED;-1NG.] [Lat.
-ning.] To cover with a hard brillion
to

ernment.

deride

to

flout.
n.
iant varnish.
; jaculum, dart, javescoff; taunt; gibe; mockery.
lin.]
To throw out to dart.
Jap'a-nese' (91), a. Pertaining to JE-HO'VAH,
n.
[Heb. hawah, to e.]
J.ve'u-LA'TION, n. Action of darting.
Japan.
n. ; pi. JAP'A-NEgE'.
1.
A Scripture name of God.
JXe'U-LA-TO-RY, a.
Throwing out
A native, or the people, of Japan. 2. JE-JUNE',
a. [L&t.jejunus.] 1. Hi nsuddenly suddenly thrown out.
The language of the people.
gry starving. 2. Empty void of
JAde, n. 1. A mean or poor horse. Jar, v. i. [-red -ring.] [Allied to
interest
barren.
[ren manner.
a wench.
v. t.
2. A mean woman
0. H. Ger. kerran, to chatter, croak.]
Je-june'ly, adv. In a jejune, bar[-ED; -ING.]
To tire out; to ex1. To vibrate harshly or discordantJe-june'ness (109), n. Quality of
haust by excessive labor.
ly.
2. To clash
to interfere.
v. t.
being jejune want of interest.
To cause to tremble; to shake.
n.
Syn. To fatigue; tire; weary. FaJEL'LID (jel'lid), a. Brought to the
tigue is the generic term
tire, denotes
1. A vibration or shaking.
2. Clash
consistence of jelly.
fatigue which wastes the strength
of interest or opinion discord. 3.
weary implies that a person is worn out
JEL'LY, n. [Fr. gelce, from geler, to
[Ar. jarrahjar, ewer.] A vessel with
by exertion jade refers to the weariness
freeze.]
1. A stiffened solution of
a large belly and broad mouth.
created by a long and steady repetition
gelatine or gum, &c. 2. Inspissated
_of the same act or effort.
Jar'gon, n. [Fr.] 1. Confused talk;
juice
of
fruits.
Jad'ish, a. 1. Vicious. 2. Unchaste.
gibberish. 2. Slang.
Jag, n. 1. A small load, as of hay. 2. JXs/mine, or JXs'MiNE, n. [Fr. Ar. Jen'net, n. A small Spanish horse.
See Genet.
[W. gag, cleft, chink.]
A notch a jasaman, jasmin.] A climbing plant,
Jen'ny, n. [A corruption of gin, for
ragged protuberance. v. t. [-GED
bearing fragrant flowers.
engine.]
A machine for spinning.
-GING, 136.] To cut into notches; JXs'PER, n. [Gr. uxo-Tris, from Ileb.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To
[or teeth.
to notch.
yashpheh.]
An impure variety of JEOP'ARD,
put
in
danger.
Jag'ged (60), p. a. Having notches
quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull
Syn. To hazard; risk; peril; endanger
JXg'ged-ness, n. State of being
colors.
jagged unevenness.
Jaun^dice (jan'dis), n. [Yr.jaunisse, JEOP'ARD-IZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING]
Jag'u-ar',
n.
To jeopard. [Illegitimate.]
fr. jaune, yellow.]
A disease, char[Braz. jagoara.]
Exposed to danacterized by yellowness of the eyes, Jeop'ard-oBs, a.
A carnivorous
ger; perilous; hazardous.
skin, and urine.
often
animal
Jaun'diced (jan'dist), n. 1. Affected JEOP'ARD-y, n. [Fr. jeu parti, an
called the Amereven game
afterward confounded
with the jaundice. 2. Prejudiced.
ican tiger.
with jeu perdu, a lost game.] ExJaunt, v. i. [-ed -ing.J To ramJaguar.
Jail, n.
[Fr.
posure
to
death,
loss, or injury.
ble here and there; to stroll.
n.
geole.] A prison a place for the conAn excursion a short journey
Syn. Danger peril hazard ri6k.
See Danger.
Jinement of debtors and criminals.
jAUNT'I-LY,arf't'. In a jaunty manner.
Jail'-bIrd, n. A prisoner one who Jaun'ty, a. [-er -est, 147.] Airy
Jr'bo-a,
or
has been confined in prison.
Jer-bo'a, n.
showy finical fantastical.
Jall'erj n. The keeper of a jail.
A small, jumpJ AVE 'LIN (jav'lin), n. [M. H. Ger.
Jail'-fe'ver, n. A dangerous fever
ing, rodent anigabilOt, Ir. gab/da,
of the typhoid character, generated
mal.
spear, lance.]
A
;

jaculari, -latus

'.

Javelin.
in jails.
jer'e-mi'ad,
sort of spear.
JXl'AP, n. [From Jalapa, in Mexico.] Jaw, n. [A modif. of chaw.] 1. The Jer'e-mpade,
Jerboa.
The root of a certain plant, used in
[From Jeren.
bone in which the teeth are fixed.
powder as a cathartic.
miah, author of the book of " Lam2. Scolding.
[Low.]
v.i.
[-ed;
Jam, n.
[Cf. Ar. jamad, ice, jelly.]
entations."]
A doleful story or
-ING.] To scold; to clamor.
v. t.
1. A crowd, or the pressure from a
complaint.
_To abuse by scolding.
crowd. 2. A conserve of fruit boiled JAY, n. [0. Fr. gai,jaie.] 1. A Eu- Jerk (14), r. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
with sugar and water.
t.
v.
give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust,
ropean bird, of red -brown color
or push. 2. To cut into thin slices,
above, and a faint yellow below. 2.
J -MED -MING.] To press to crowd.
Jamb
(jam), n.
n. 1. A short,
and dry in the sun.
[0. Fr. gambe, from
A common American bird, having
Celt, cam, bent, crooked.]
sudden thrust, or twitch.
2. UnSidethe feathers of a brilliant sky-blue.
piece of a door, a fire-place, &c.
steady motion.
JEAL'oOs, a. [Gr. VjA.og, zeal, jealJXn'gle, v. i. [-ed; -ING.] [L. Ger.
ousy.] 1. Filled with anxious appre- JEr'kin, n. [Dim. of D. jmk, a frock.]
& D. jangelen, janken, to whimper,
A jacket a kind of short coat.
hension.
2. Suspiciously vigilant.
[From the island of the
ohide, quarrel.] 1. To sound harsh3. Pained by suspicions of preference JERSEY, n.
ly or discordantly.
same name.] Finest part of wool.
2. To wrangle.
given to another.
AR'TI-CHOKE.
v. t.
JE-RU'SA-LEM
To cause to sound harshly.
[JeSyn. Suspicious. Suspicious is the
n.
Discordant sound; contenrusalem is here a corruption of It.
wider term. We suspect a person when
A plant, the
girasole, sunflower.]
we distrust his honesty and imagine he
tion.
has some bad design. We nre jealous
Jan'I-tor, n.
[Lat., from janua, a
roots of which are used as food, and
when we suspect him of aiming to dedoor.
A door-keeper a porter.
the leaves given to cattle.
prive us of what is our own, and what
Jan'i-zA-RY, n.
[Turk, yeni-tsheri,
we dearly prize. Iago began by awak- Jess, n. [L. Lat. jactus, a jess.] A
new troops.] A soldier of a privileged
short strap tied round the legs of a
ening the suspicions of Othello, and converted them at last into the deadliest
military class in Turkey.
[senists.
hawk, to fasten it to the wrist.
jealousy.
TAN'SEN-lisM, n. Doctrine of the JanJES'sa-mYne, n. A plant jasmine.
A
follower
of Jansen, jEAL'otts-LY, adv. With jealousy.
jAN'SEN-IST,n.
JEST, n. [0- Eng. jest and grst, deed,
tale.]
1. Something done or said in
a Roman Catholic bishop who re- JEAL'oDs-Y, n. Quality of being jeal-

i,

I,

5,U, \,^ng; A^fijIjOjtJjYjSAort; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, EE!I

P^QUE, FIRM; SON,

237
JfB'-BOOM, n. A spar ruu out from
the end of the bowsprit, and serving

?'.

merriment, by word or actions.

Syn. To joke sport rally. One

as a continuation of it.
Jibe, v. t.
[-ed -ing.j To shift
from one side of a vessel to the other,
v. i.
as a sail.
To agree to har;

jests in order to make others laugh; one

jest is always
jokes to please himself.
at the expense of another, and is often
ill-natured; a, joke is a sportive sally designed to promote good humor without
wounding the feelings of its object.

JOLT

JESTER
order to amuse. 2. Object of sport
a laughing-stock.
Joke; fun; sport; raillery.
Syn.
[-ED; -ING.]
To make
v.

monize. [Low.]
JlF'FY,7i. A moment

an instant.

shake

heavily or slowly.

travel

n.
A
a push to awaken attention.

Jog-trot, a slow, regular pace.

Jog'gle,

v.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

[Dim.

To shake slightly to jostle.

To shake or totter.
JO-Han'ne, n.
A Portuguese gold
coin worth eight dollars.
John Do'ry. [From Fv.jaune dorce,
of jog.]

v.

i.

JIG, n. [0. Fr. gigue,gige,& stringinstrument. See Gig.] 1. A light,

golden yellow.] A small golden-colbrisk musical movtmtnt. 2. A frolored sea-fis_h.
icsome, quick dauce. 3. A trick.
John'ny-cake,
n.
A cake made of
given
to
jesting.
n.
One
Jest'er,
JIg'ger, n. 1. A troublesome insect.
the meal of Indian corn, mixed with
JEJ'U-IT, n. 1. (Rom. Cath. Church.)
2. A small tackle, consisting of a
[A?ner.]
water.
order
founded
by
religious
of
a
One
double and single block and the fall. Join (38), v. t. [-ed
-ing.] [Lat.
Loyola, under the title of The SocieJill, n. [Equiv. to Gill.] A young
jvngere, to yoke.] 1. To bring toty "of Jesus. 2. A crafty person
woman
in contempt.
gether literally or figuratively. 2. To
an opprobrious use of the word.
Jilt, n
[Contr. from Scot, jillet, a
be or become connected with.
Peruvian bark so
Jesuits' - bark,
giddy girl, dim. of jilt.] A coquette
Syn. To add annex unite concalled because its medicinal properties
[-ed;-ing.] To ena flirt.
v. t.
nect combine consociate.
were first made known by Jesuit missionaries.
courage, and then frustrate the hopes
To be contiguous, close, or
v. i.
[glars.
la. 1 Pertaining to
of, as of a lover.
in contact to unite.
[junction.
Jes'u-It'I,
Act of joining conthe Jesuits. 2. De- JiM'MY, n. A short bar used by bur- Join'der, n.
jEs'u-iT're-AL.
an offensive JlMP, a. Neat elegant of shape.
Jo in'er, n. A mechanic who does
cunning
signing
Ji'N'GLE (jlng'gl), v. i. [See CHINK.]
[ical manner.
the nicer wood-work in buildings.
sense.
To sound with a fine, sharp rattle Join'er-y, n. Art or work of a joiner.
Jes'U-IT'I-Xl-LY, adv. Inajesuit[-ED
-ING.]
to
clink
v.
t.
To
Joint,
n.
1. Place or part in which
and
Jes'u-it-Tsm, n. 1. Principles
two things are joined junction. 2.
cause to give a sharp sound, as
practices of the Jesuits. 2 Cunning;
1.
rattling
pieces
of
metal.
n.
A
Space
between
two joints.
a.
1.
deceit; an offensive ?/se of the word.
or clinking sound. 2. CorrespondJoined; united. 2. Shared among
JET, n. 1. [Or. TreVpa ya.yyrJTis, fr.
town
and
river
ence
of
sound
in
rhymes.
more than one.
v. t.
[-ED
Tayai, or Tayycu, a
[A modif. of chop, to cut in-ING.]
1.
To unite by a joint oi
in Lycia.] A variety of lignite, of a JOB, n.
1.
Any piece of
to small pieces.]
joints.
2. To provide with a joint oi
black color. 2. [Lat. jactus, a throwwork.
2. An undertaking with a
joints.
3. To separate the joints of
A sudden rush, as of water
ing.]
v.t. [-bed -BING.]
view to profit.
to disjoint.
[by a joiner.
from a pipe that which issues in a
2. To do by Joint'er, n.
1. To hire by the job.
The longest plane used
jet. v. i. [-ted -ting.] To shoot
separate portions.
3. To buy and JOINT'LY, adv.
to jut.
Together unitedly.
or stand out to project
sell as a broker.
Joint'ress, n. A woman who has a
JET-D'EAU' (zha'dS'). 7i. [Fr., a
jointure.
throw of water.] A stream of water Job'BER, n. 1. A worker by the job.
[pany.
2. One who purchases goods from Joint'-stock, n. Stock held in comspouting from a fountain.
importers and sells to retailers. 3. Joint'-stool, n. A stool consisting
JET'SAM, n.
[Fr. jeter, jetter, to
throw.] 1. A throwing
One who turns official actions to prijET'SOx, j
of parts inserted in each other.
vate advantage.
JOINT'URE (53), n. [Lat. junctura.]
of goods overboard in order toiightA mercantile
An estate settled on a wife, which she
en a ship and preserve her. 2. The Job'bing-house, n.
establishment which purchases from
is to enjoy after her husband's degoods thus thrown away, which reimporters and sells to retailers.
main under water.
cease, and. in satisfaction of dower.
[Dim. of Jock, Scot,
[-ed; -ing.]
Jet'ty, n. [0. Fr. jettc, from jeter, Jock'ey, n.
v. t.
To settle a
dim. of John.] 1. A man who rides
jetter, to throw.]
A kind of pier,
jointure on.
horses in a race. 2. A dealer in Joist, n.
a.
mostly constructed of timber.
[L. Lat. gistum. equiv. to
horses. 3. One who cheats in trade.
Madeof jet, or black as jet.
Lat. jacitum, p. p. of jacere, to lie.]
4>. t.
[-ed;-ing.] To trick.
JEW (ju or ju), n. [From Judea.] A
A small piece of timber used in build
;

Hebrew, or

Israelite.
[L. Lat.
(ju'el or ju'el), n.
jocale, for gaudiale, as if from Lat.
precious
jocare, to jest, play.] 1.
2. Any precious
etone ; a gem.
thing.
v. t. [-ED, -ING; or -LED,

JEWEL

-LING,

JocK'EY-lgM,

n. Practice of jockeys.
a.
[Lat. jocosus, fr. jocus,
joke.] 1. Given to jokes and jestings.
2. Containing a joke.
Syn. Jocular; facetious; witty; merry; pleasant; waggish; sportive.

JO-COSE',

To adorn with Jo-OSE'LY, adv.

In

jest for sport.

J6CU-LAR, a. [Lat. j ocularis ; from
jewels.
2. To provide with a jewel.
Jew'el-er, \n. One who deals in joculus, dim. of jocus, joke.]
1.
Jew'el-ler, j
jewels.
Given to jesting ; jocose.
2. Containing jokes sportive.
Jew'el-ler-y, n. See
[ing.
Joc'u-lar'1-ty, n. Merriment jestJEW'EL-RY, n. Jewels in general.
Jo'U-,LAR-LY,arf. In jest; for sport.
Jewess, n.
Hebrew woman.
Per- Joe'UND, a. [Lat. jocundus ; jocus, a
(ju'ish or ju/ish), a.

137.]

1.

Jewelry.

ing.

v.

[-ED;-ING.] To

t.

fit

or

furnish with joists.

n.
[Lat. jocus.] 1. A jest; a
witticism. 2. What is not actually
meant,
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To
make merry with to banter.
v. i.
To do something for sport.
JOK'ER, n.
jester a merry fellow.
Jol'li-fi-CA'TION, n. [Eng. jolly-,
and Lat. facer e, to make.] Noisy fes-

Joke,

tivity and merriment.

J6l'li-ly, adv. With noisy mirth.
Jol'li-ness, n.
Noisy mirth; fesJEWISH
J6l'li-TY, J
tivity; hilarity.
jest.]
Merry; gay; airy; lively; Jol'ly, a.
taining to the Jews.
[-er; -est, 142.] [0.
JEWRY (ya'rf or ju/r^), n. Judea; sportive.
Fr. joli, jolif, joyful, merry, from
Jo-tJN'Di-TY, n.
State of being
also, a district inhabited by Jews.
Goth. jiuleis,_ Eng. yule. See YULE.]
merry gayety.
JEWS'-HARP (juz'- or juz'-), n. A
1. Full of life and mirth
jovial
;

small musical instrument, held be- Joc'UND-LY, adv.

Joe'UND -NESS. n.
tween the teeth.

jEZ'E-BEL,n.
Ahab.]

[From

Jezebel, wife of

An impudent, vicious woman.

Jib, n. 1. Foremost sail of a ship.

Projecting beam of a crane.

or, do,

2.

Jog,

Merrily; gayly.
Jocundity.

joyous

merry.

or inspiring it.

2.
3.

Expressing mirth,

Handsome plump.
;

[-ged -ging.] [Allied to Jol'ly-boat, n.

[A corruption ol
To push or shake with the
yawl boat.] A small boat belonging
elbow or hand.
v.i. 1. To move
to a ship.
by jogs, as on a slow trot. 2. To Jolt (20), v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Cf. 0.
v.

t.

shock.]

wolf, too, to"ok; URN, RUE, PULL

i,

o,silent

C, G, soft;

,5, hard; As; exist;

gosNG; THIS

JOLT-HEAD
Eng.

JUJUBE

238

short,

v.

t.

1.

t.

n.

To hear and determine, n

a case before a court.
2. To exam
ine and pass sentence on.
3. To

To shake with J6'VI-AL-TY, n. Merriment joviality.

[Fr. gueute, mouth, jaws
abrupt risings and fallings. JOWL, n.
Lat. gula, throat.] The cheek.
To shake with sudden jerks.

jolle, to beat.]

think to reckon.
shake by a sudden jerk.
Cheek by jowl, with the cheeks close
Jubge'ship, n. The office of a judge.
:6lt'-HEAI>, n.
A great head; a _together.
Jowi/er, or Jowi/ER, n. A hunt- JUDG'ment, n. 1. Act of judging.
dunce a blockhead.
ing-dog, or other dog.
2. Opinion
notion.
Jon'QUIL,
*i.
[Lat. junrus, a
3. Facility in
[0. Vv.joye, fr. Lat. gaudijudging; taste.
Jd^'QUlLLE. j rush, because it has Jov, n.
4. Faculty of comum.] 1. Emotion excited by the ac.paring objects of any kind, and disrush-like leaves.]
A bulbous plant,
quisition or expectation of good. 2.
cerning their relations, &c. result
allied to the daffodil.
Cause of happiness.
of the act thus performed.
[Chinese joss,
Joss'-stIck (109), n.
6. Sen
Syn.
Gladness
pleasure
delight
of
gum
tence of the law, pronounced b) a
cylinder
small
A
deity.]
happiness; exultation; transport; felicicourt or judge.
6. A calamity remixed with the dust of odoriferous
ty ecstasy rapture bliss gayety.
garded as sent by God.
woods.
7. Final
v. i. [-ED; -ING.] To rejoice; to
punishment of the wicked.
JOS'TLE (JOS'1), V. t. [-ED; -INS.]
be glad to exult.
shake.
Judg'MENT-seat,
against
and
n. Seat on which
To run
JOY'FUL,
a.
Full
of
joy
very
glad
judges sit in court.
[Gr. koto., the letter i, Heb.
JOT, n.
[judge.
gay exulting joyous.
least, quantity asJu'di-ca'tive, a.
iota
;

An

yoci.]

signable.

v. t.

[-TED

-TING.] To

down to make a memorandum of.

Jounce, v. t. [-ed;-ing] To jolt;
set

to shake
n.
ing.

especially, by rough ridjolt

a shake.

JO0R'NAL,n.

[L. Lat. journale, from

Lat. diurnalis, diurnal, from dies, a
day.] 1. An account of daily transactions and events; specifically, (a.)
An account book for daily entries.
also, a
(b.) A paper published daily
periodical publication giving the pro;

2. Porceedings of societies, &c.

tion of a shaft which turns in some
other piece, or in a journal-box.
Jour'nal-box, n. Part of a machine in which the journal of a shaft
or- axle bears and moves.
Jo.u :'NAL-IM, n. 1. The keeping of
urual.
2. The profession of editing, >r writing for, journals.
.OUR'J* L-IST, n. 1. Writer of a di2. Conductor of, or contribary.
utor to, a public journal
[-ED; -ING.]
oOr'nal-Ize,
To enter in a journal an account of.
JoUR'NEY, n. [Fr. journee, a day, a
day's work or journey.] Travel from
one place to another passage voy-

Having power

to

Joy'ful-ly, adv. With jov gladly. Ju'di-ca-to-ry

Dispensing
(50), a.
Joy'ful-NESS, n. Great giadness.
justice.
n. A court of justice; a
Joy'less, a. 1. Wanting joy. 2. Givtribunal.
ing no joy.
Ju'di-ca-ture (53), n. 1. Power of
JOY'LESS-LY, adv. Without joy.
distributing justice. 2. A court of
;

y'less-ness,

State of

n.

being

ess.

JO,)

Syn.

Full of joy joyful.

Merry; li"ely; blithe gleeful;
a.

gay; glad

happy;

mirthful

blissful;

sportive

festive

charming; delightful.
With joy or glad-

JOY'ous-LY,ac/t\
ness.

[ous.
n.
State of being joy
[Lat. jubilatis.] Re'

JOy'oOs-NEss,
Ju'bi-lant, .
joicing

justice.

Ju-Dl'ciAL

JOY'ous,

shouting with joy.

Ju'bi-la'TION, n.

Act of declaring

( -dish'al), a.
[Lat. judicialis.]
1.
Pertaining to courts of
justice.
2. Proceeding from a court
of justice. 3. Established by statute.
Ju-DI'CIAL-LY (-dish'al-), adv. 1. In
the forms of legal justice.
2. By

way of penalty.
Ju-dPci-a-ry (-dish'T-,44,95),

a.

taining to the courts of justice.

Per-

n.

Judges taken

collectively.
(-dlsh'us), a.

JU-dPcious
Possessed
of, or according to, sound judgment.
[Heb. ydbel, blast of a

Prudent; rational: wise; skillSyn.

trumpet, and the grand sabbatical
ful; discerning; sagacious.
year, announced by sound of trumJu-dI'cious-ly (-dish'us-), adv. In
pet.]
1. A church solemnity celea judicious manner with good judgbrated at stated intervals. 2. A seament.
sonof great public festivity and joy.
Ju-dPcioOs-jjess ( -dlsh'us-), n QualJu-iA'l,
\a.
[See Jew.] Perity of being judicious.
Ju-DA'i-AL, )
taining to the Jews.
JUG, n. [A.-S. ceac, basin, cup, pitchJu'da-ism (44), n. 1. Religious docer.]
1. A large earthen or stone
trines and rites of the Jews.
2.
bottle. 2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]
Conformity to Jewish rites and certo imprisv. t. To commit to jail
emonies.
[Low.]
on.
age.
JU'DA-IZE, V. i.
[-ED; -ING.] To
JUG'GLE.-u.i. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat.^'ocSyn. Tour excursion pilgrimage.
The word journey suggests the idea of conform to the religious doctrines
1. To play tricks by
ulari, to jest.]
and rites of the Jews.
a somewhat prolonged traveling for a
2. To practice artisleight of hand.
[Lat. judex, fr. jus, law,'
specific object, leading a persoR to pass JUDGE, n.
To deceive by trick or
v. t.
fice.
In
directly from one point to another.
right.]
1. A civil officer authorized
A trick of legerde1.
n.
artifice.
a tour, we take a round-about course
to hear and determine causes. 2. The
from place to place, more commonly for
main. 2. An imposture.
Supreme Being. 3. One who has JUG'GLER,n. One who practices or
pleasure, though sometimes on business.
skill to decide on the merits of a
An excursion is never on business, but
exhibits tricks by sleight of hand a
In a
always for pleasure, health, &c.
question. 4. (Jewish Hist.) A chief
[ery.
cheat a deceiver.
pilgrimage we travel to a place hallowed
magistrate.
by our religious affections, or by some
JtiG'GLER-Y, n. Legerdemain trickJudge-Advocate (Mil.), a person aptrain of sacred or tender associations.
Ju'gu-LAR, a. [Lat. jugulum, coHartriumph.

Ju'Bi-LEE,

n.

v.

[-ED

i.

To

-ING.]

travel

from

place to place.

Jour'ney-man

Amechan(150), n.
ic hired to work for another.
(-wflrk), n.
Work
done for hire by a mechanic.
Joust, n.
mock fight on horseback.
Jd'VI-AL, a.
[Lat. Jovialis, because
the planet Jupiter was thought to

Jour'ney-work

make

those

joyful.]

who were born under

Gay merry
;

JO'VI-AL'I-TY, n.
jovial

it

joyous jolly.
Quality of being
;

jovialness.

J5'VI-AL-LY, adv. Merrily gayly.

JO'vi-AL-ness, n. Noisy mirth gay;

ety.

A,

E"

pointed to act as public prosecutor at a

court-martial.

Syn. Umpire;

v.i.

6, 0,

Y long;

JUICE'LESS,

a.
n.

Destitute of juice;

State of being juicy;

Jui'ci-ness,
succulence
Jui'c Y, a. [-ER -EST, 142.] Abounding
with juice moist succulent.

[-ed;-ing.] 1. To hear
and determine, as in causes on trial
[Gr. iv(]>ov, Ar. zivzhf,
to pass sentence.
2. To assume au- JU'JUBE, n.
thority to try any thing and pass
zufayzaf.] Fruit of a plant, having
judgment on it. 3. To form an opina sweet, granular pulp.
;

ion
I,

Pertaining to the
bone, throat.]
One of the
n.
neck or throat.
large veins by which the blood is returned from the head to the heart.
Watery part
[Lat. jus.]
JUICE, n.
also, the fluid part
of vegetables
[dry.
of animal substances.

arbitrator; referee.

judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions

of law. An umpire is a person selected
to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one
chosen to allot to two contestants their
portion of a claim, usually on grounds
of equity and common sense. A referee
is one to whom a cast is referred for final
adjustment.

X.,^,1, 6,tJ,Y, short;

to determine

to distinguish.

Jujube paste,

gum

arahic sweetened.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, what; ERE, V^IL, TERM; PIQUE, fIrm; s6n.


JULEP

JUXTAPOSITION

239

JU'LEP, n. [Per. julab, jullab, fr. gu1.

Idb, rose-water and julep.]

2. Conformity to
3. Just treatment. 4. Equity justness. 5. A
person commissioned to hold courts.
Syn. Equity la w.Justice and equity are the same but human laws, though

To make a private entertainment.

T^ least to banquet.

1.

2.

every one his due.

truth and reality.

sweet drink. 2. A spirituous bever- JtfNK'ET-lNG, n. A private feast.

[Sp., from Lat. junctus,
age, with sugar, ice, and sprigs of JtJN'TA,n.
joined.] A grand council of state in
mint.
Spain
JUL'IAN (juRyan), a. Belonging to,
Jun'to, n. ; pi. JUN'TOg. [See supra.]
or derived from, Julius Caesar.
Julian year, the year of 365 days, 6
hours.
JU-LY', n. The seventh month of the
named from Julius Caesar.
year
J0M'BLE,r. t. [-ED: -ING.] [Prob.fr.
To mix in
Lat. cumulare, to heap.]
;

a confused mass.

v.

i.

To mix

or

n. 1.
unite in a confused manner.
Confused mixture orderless mass or
;

small, sweet cake.

2.
collection.
To skip;
JtfMP, v. i. [-ED; -ING.]
v. t. To pass
to spring to bound.

n. Act
by a leap to skip over.
of jumping a leap a spring.
JUMP'ER, n. 1. One who jumps. 2.
A rudekind of sleigh.
Jump'-seat, n. A carriage with a
;

movable

seat.

JUNCTION,

n.

[Lat. junctio.] 1.

Act

of joining, or state of being joined

union. 2. Place or point of union,
especially of two lines of railway.
JCnT'ure (53), n. [Lat. junctura.]
2. A point
1. Joint or articulation.
of time an exigency an emergency.
JUNE, n. [Lat. Junius, fr. Juno.] The
sixth month of the year.
JUN'GLE (jung'gl), n. [Hind, jangal.]
Land mostly covered with forest;

trees,

brush-wood, &c.

Jun'ior, a. [Lat., fr.jitvenis, young.]

1. Younger. 2. Belonging to a younn. 1ger p^ron, or to a junior.

younger person.

2.

One of a lower

standing; esp.,one in the third year

of his course in an American college.
Ju'NI-PER, n. [Lat. juniperus. See
Geneva.] An evergreen coniferous
shrub or tree.

faction

a cabal.

JU'PI-TER, n. [Lat.]
The supreme deity.

designed to secure justice, are of necessity imperfect,

of
i c h
ropes were
made in

wh

early
1.

proved to be just.

beef supplied to ships.

[Lat. juncata, creamJtJNK'ET, n.
cheese.] 1. A sweetmeat. 2. A stolen
v. i. [-ED -ING.]
entertainment.

n.

of being justifiable.

Quality
[justified.

Jus'ti-fPa-bly, adv.

So as to be
1. Act of jus-

JtJS'TI-Fl-A'TlON, n.

2.
vindication
defense.
tifying
3. ( Theol.)
State of being justified.
The treating of sinful man as though
[defensory.
he were just.
;

Jus'Tl-Fl-eA'TO-RY, a. Vindicatory
1. Legal power or auJus'TI-fPer, n. One who justifies.
Power of governing or JtJS'TI-FY, V. t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]
3. Limit within which
[Lat. justificare ; Justus, just, and
power may be exercised.
facer e, to make.] 1. To prove or
JU'RIS-PRy/DENCE, n. [Lat. jurisshow to be just. 2. To pronounce
prudential jus, right, law, and prufree from guilt or blame. 3. Theol.)
dentia, a foreseeing, knowledge.]
To treat as just, though guilty and
Science of law knowledge of the
deserving punishment
[law.
laws, customs, &c.
Syn. To defend maintain vindiJu/ris-pru'bent, n. One skilled in
cate excuse exculpate absolve.
Ju'ris-pru-den'tial, a. Pertaining
JUS'TLE (jus'l), v. i. [Dim. of just,
to jurisprudence.
To run or strike against to
v. i.]
Ju'rist (89), n. One versed in the law.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] To
encounter.
Ju'ROR, n. [Lat. jurator, a sworn
piioh
.o force by rushing against.
who
One
witness or magistrate.]
JtiST'LY, adv. Fairly; exactly.
se-'ves on a jury.
Ju'Rjr(89),n. 1- (Law.) A body of JUST'ness, n. Quality of being just
justice reasonableness equity.
men, selected and sworn to inquire
into any matter of fact, and to de- JUT, v. i. [-TED -TING.] [A different
spelling of jet.] To shoot forward;
clare the truth of it on the evidence
to project beyond the main body.
given them. 2. A committee for adthority. 2.
legislating.

judging prizes at a public exhibition.

Ju'ry-man

One who

(150), n.

serves

n.

A shooting forward

a projection.

JUTE, n. A substance resembling

hemp, used in the manufacture of

mats, coarse carpets, &c.

[Probably for inJtJT'TY, n. [See Jettee.] A pier
jury-mast.] A temporary mast.
or mole.
[young.
[Lat. justug; jus, right,
Just, a.
A growing
law.] 1. Rendering to each one his JU've-nes'CENCE, n.
JfPVE-NEs'^ENT,
a[Lat.
juvenesConformed to fact, to a
2.
due'.
cens; juvenis, young.]
Becoming
proper standard, to reasonable exyoung.
pectations, &c.
JU'VE-NILE, a. [Lat. juvenilis.
1.
upright
honest
Syn. Equitable
Young youthful. 2. Pertaining or
proper; exact
true; fair; impartial
normal; orderly; regular; tasteful.
suited to youth.
A young pern.
adv. Precisely; exactly; nearly.
son or youth.
n.
A mock encounter on horse- JU'VE-NILE-NESS, ) n. Youthfulness
juster,
i.
Fr.
JU'VE-Nfl/i-TY,
youthful age.
ij.
back a tilt.
[0.
)
jouster, fr. Lat. juxta, near to, L. JtJX'TA-p6s/iT, v. t. [Lat. juxta, near,
and Eng. posit.] [-ED -ING.] To
Lat. juxtare, to approach.] To enplace in close connection.
gage in a mock fight on horseback.
JUS'TlCE,rc. [L&t. justitia.] 1. Qual- Jux'ta-po-sJ'tion -zTsh'un), n. A
placing or being placed in nearness.
ity of being just the rendering to
n.

Pieces of
old cable
or
cordJunk age. 2. A
A thick
3.
ship used in China.
piece. [See Chunk.] 4. Hard salted

[or justice.

pronounce.]

Ju'ry-mast,

rush,

or dignity

Office

Jus'ti-fPa-ble-ness,

as a juror.

n.
[Lat. juncus, a bul-

n.

Jus-tPci-a-ry (-tish'T-), n. A judge

Jus'ti-fPa-ble, a. Capable of being

a.

is strictly

from being equitable

of a justice.

[Lat. juridicus, fr.

jus, juris,
right,
)
law, and dicare, to pronounce.] 1.
Pertaining to a judge. 2. Used in
courts of law.
Ju-Ri'D're-AL-LY, adv. According to
forms of law.
Ju'Ris-eoN'sULT (110), n. [Lat. jurisconsultus.] A man learned in the
law a jurist a counselor.
Ju'RIS-dKi'tion, n. [Lat. jurisdictio ; jus, right, law, and dicare, to
)

and hence what

at times far

legal
(Rom. Myth.)
or just.
2. The largest Jus'tice-ship,
is

1.

of the planets.

Ju-r1d'I,
JU-Riu'l-e-AL,

JOnk,

ages.]

;;

or, do, w<?lf, too, TOTorj URN, RUE,

pull

JS, 7,

O, silent

q,&,soft; ,S,faweJ; A}

EpsT nosks;
;

this.

;;

KEY

240

K
A

the eleventh letter and

is
K(ka)
eighth consonant of the English

Keel'ER,

See Prin. of Pron., 78.

RALE,n. [A.-S. cal. See COLE.] A
kind of cabbage.

Keel'haul,

KA-LEI'DO-SOPE,

Keel'son (kel'sun), n. [From keel.]

A piece of timber laid on the middle

alphabet.

[Gr. /caAds,
beautiful, etSos, form, and o-Konelv,
to look carefully.] An optical instru-

ment which

n.

exhibits an endless va-

and sym-

riety of beautiful colors

metrical forms.

KXi/ENDs,n.
Ka'li, n."

See

Calends.

plant, the
are used in making

ashes of which

in honor of
evergreen shrub,
sometimes
having showy flowers

[Named

n.

An

Peter Kalm.]

shallow tub for va-

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

ccn.] 1. Eager vehement. 2. Sharp

having a fine edge. 3. Piercing; pen;

Bitter

4.

acrimonious.

Acute of mind.
Keen'ly, adv. In a keen manner
5.

eagerly.

Keen'ness
keen

Keep,

(109), n. Quality of being

eagerness

v.

sharpness.

[kept

t.

keeping.]

[A.-

khamsin; khams&n,
fifty, because it blows for about fifty
days.]
A hot southerly wind in

cepan, to intercept.] 1. To cause

to remain within one's control. 2.
To maintain unchanged. 3. To take
care of. 4. To conduct to manage.

Egypt.

5.

called laurel.
KXM'SIN, n. [Ar.

S.

An animal

to

make

Kangaroo.

enormous bounds
KX'O-LIN, )n. [Chin.] A kind of
Ka'o-line,)
clay for making porcelain.

Ka'ty-dTd,

[From the noise it

n.
An insect of a pale -green
color, allied to the grasshoppers.
KEB'LAH,n. [Ar. kiblah, any thing
opposite.] The point toward which
Mohammedans turn in prayer, being
the direction of the temple at Mecca.
makes.]

Keck,

To have and

6.

to frequent. 9. To celebrate.
Syn.
To retain preserve. Keep is
the generic term, and is often used where
retain or preserve would too much
restrict the meaning; as, to keep silence,
&c. Retain denotes that we keep or hold
things, as against influences which might
deprive us of them, or reasons which
might lead us to give them up; as, to retain vivacity in old age; to retain counsel in a lawsuit; to retain one's servant
after a reverse of fortune. Preserve denotes that we keep a thing against agencies which might lead to its being destroyed or broken in upon as, to preserve
one's health amid many exposures, to
preserve appearances, &c.
v. i.
1. To remain in any state
2. To last
to endure.
3. To dwell.
n.
The strongest and securest
part of a castle the donjon.
Keep'er, n. One who keeps, preserves, or guards
one who remains.
Keep'ING,w. 1. A holding restraint

haunt

neighboring islands. The long

hind legs enait

entertain.

found in Australia and the

ble

To

maintain, as an assistant or a servto practice or

ant. 7- To adhere to
perform. 8. To remain in hence, to

KAN'GA-ROO',n.

[-eb -ing.] To heave

v. i.
n. A heavthe stomach to retch.
ing of the stomach.
KECK/LE (kek'l), v. t. [-ED -ING.]
To wind old rope round, as a cable,
to preserve its surface.

custody.

2.

Maintenance

support.

small anchor to keep

[-ED -ING.]
a ship steady.
v. t.
[Scot, hedge, cadge, to toss about, to
move quickly.] To warp, as a ship
to move by means of a kedge.

Kermes mineral, a

KfR'NEL,

Keel,.

extending from
stem to stern at the
bottom.
2. The two
lowest petals of the
Keel (2).
corolla of a papilionaceous flower inclosing the 'Stamens

and pistil.
v. i.
-ED; -ING.] 1.
To plow with a keel to navigate. 2.
To turn up the keel
to show the
[

boat, with a

A, E,

1,

n.
keel,

large,

but no

covered

sails.

[See Cag.]
small cask.
The calcined ashes of sea-

weed, or the sea-weed itself.

n. An imaginary spirit of
the waters, in the form
J
of a horse. [Scot.)

[Gael,

cealtair,

clothes,

v.

t.

[-ned -ning.]
[A.-S.
kunnan, kannjan.]
2. To
to understand.
;

cunnan, Goth,

To know

5,U, Y, long] &,,}', 6, tj,Y, short; CkKK, FAR, ASK; ALL,

Ketch,

n.

hundred

[Fr

caiche,

quaiche, D.

two -masted vessel from one

to two hundred and fifty
[UP.

tons burden.

KETCH'UF,n. A sauce. SeeCATCHKET'TLE, n. [A.-S. cetel, cytel ; Lat.

A
catillus, dim. of catinus, bowl.]
metallic vessel for heating water, &c.
KET'TLE-DRtJM, n. A
drum made of a copusually
per vessel,
covhemispherical,
parchment.
with
ered

KEY,
kilter.]

cause or

matter.] Regular order or condition.

1.

little

for illumination.
[D. karsai.]
coarse,
n.
woolen cloth, usually ribbed.
thin woolen
Ker'ey-MERE, n.
cloth, woven from the finest wool;

Ker'sey,

KELT, n. Same as CELT.

Kel'ter, n. [Written also
Ken,

bottom.

Keel'-boat,

large vessel for ferliquors.

To set in a
v. t.

KelP'Te,
Kelp'y,

cyrnel,

kits.]

Keg, n.
Kelp, n.

[A.-S.

n. [Gr. *7p6s, wax, with

termination ene, as in camphene.]
An oil from bituminous coal, used

keeve for fermentation.

[A.-S. ceol.] 1.

Principal timber in a
ship,

n.

cassimere.
par-

of friendship.
[A.-S. cyf, fr. Lat. cupa,

tub, cask.]

brilliant red sul'

Ker'o-sene,

KEEP'SAKE,a. A token
menting

corn, allied to Eng. corn.] 1. Any

thing included in a shell, husk, or
integument. 2. A nucleus central
part of any thing.

lor or fitting-room.

KEEVE,n.

phuret of mercury, in the state of fine

powder.
Kern, n. 1. [Ir. cearn, a man.] An
idle person or vagabond.
2. [A.-S.
cweorn.] A hand-mill. 3. That part
of a type which hangs over the body

KED&E,n.

KECK'SY, n. [Allied to Lat. cicuta.]

3. Just proportion
congruity.
Dry stalk of the hemlock, &c.
Keep'ing-room, n. A common

recognize to descry.
n. View especially, reach of sight or knowledge.
n.
[Fr. chenil, fr. Lat. canis, dog.]
1. A house for dogs.
2.
A pack, of hounds. 3. Hole of a fox
or otner beast, v. i. [-ED, -ING
or -led, -ling, 137.]
To lodge to
lie
as a dog or a fox.
v. t.
To
keep or confirm in a kennel.
KEN'TLE, n. [Eng. quintal.] A hundred pounds a quintal.
KENT'LEDGE, n. [D. kant, edge,
corner, and the termination ledge.]
Pigs of iron for ballast laid on the
floor of a ship.
Kept, imp. & p. p. of Keep.
Ker'chIef, n. [0. Fr. couvrechitf.
couvrechef; couvrir, to cover, and
chief, chef, the head.]
A square of
fine linen used by women to cover
the head.
Kerf (14), n. [A.-S. cyrf, a cutting
off.]
The notch or slit made in wood
by cutting or sawing.
KER'MEg, n. [Ar., fr. Skr. krimidja,
engendered by a worm.] The dried
bodies of a species of insect , a red
coloring matter.
,

To Ken'nel,

of the floor timbers over the keel.

Keen, a. [-er -est.] [A.-S. cene,

sharply

glass.

KAl'MI-a,

v.

haul under the keel of a ship, as a

punishment.

etrating.

[Ar. qali.]

n.
rious uses.

[A.-S. cag,
n.
edge.] 1. That which
fastens, as a piece of Kettle-drum,
wood in the frame of
a building. 2. An instrument which
serves to shut or open a lock. 3. An
instrument used by being inserted

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

XRMj

PIO.UE,

FIRM S6N,
;

KEYAGE

KNAP

241

That which servos KILT, n. [It. cealt, clothes, kilt.] A

to unlock a secret
a solution aj
kind of short petticoat. [Scotland.]
explanation. 5. That which serves KlM'BO, a. [Celt, cam, crooked, and
to lock up and make fast. 6. (Mus.
Eng. bow, to bend.] Crooked.
(a.) A lever in an instrument struclc KIN, n.
[A.-S. cyn, cynd.]
1. Relaor pressed by the fingers in playing
tionship consanguinity. 2. Rela[Er. quay, qua\,
7.
(&.) Key-note.
tives
kindred.
a.
Of the same
of Celtic origin.] An island rising
nature kindred akin
little above the surface.
8. A quai
Kind (72), n. 1. Race genus generic
[-ED
v. t.
-ING.]
To fast* a
class.
2. Sort
manner character.
with keys.
[-ER;-EST.] [A.-S. cynde,
a.
Key'age (45), n. Money paid for the
gecynde, natural.
See Kind and
use of a key or quay.
KIN, n.] Disposed to do good to
Key'-board, n. The whole range of
others.
the keys of an organ or piano-forte.
Syn. Obliging: benevolent; benign;
KEYED (keed), a. 1. Furnisiie 1 with gracious: generous; indulgent; humane.

and turned.

4.

Set to a key, as a tuue.

Key'-hole, n. A hole in a door or
lock, for receiving a key.
keys.

KIN'DER-GAR'TEN. n. [Ger. kinder,

children, and garten, garden

2.

children's garden.] A school for

young children, in which play or
active exercise is combined with
Key'-STONE, n. The wedge-shaped
study, and especial attention is paid
stone on the top of an arch which
to object-teaching.
binds the work.
kKlN'DLE (km'dl), v. t. [-ED -ING.]
KHAN (kawn or kitn), n. [Turk, khan.]
[Icel. kinda, to kindle.]
1 To set
so called among
A prince or king
on fire to light. 2. To exasperate
the Tartars, &c.
to rouse
to provoke.
v. i.
1. To
KhXn, n. [Per., house, teut, inn.] An
take fire. 2. To begin to be excited.
Eastern inn or caravansary.
KIn'dler, n. One that kindles.

KEY'-NOTE,n.
scale

The

inwhich a

first

piece

is

tone of the

written.

KlBE,

n.

[W.

cib,

vessel,

KIND'LI-NESS,

shell,

husk.] An ulcerated chilblain, as in

the heels.
KtCK,r. t. [-ED -ING.] [AY. ciciaWffr.
cic, foot.]
To strike, thrust, or hit
violently with the foot.
v. i. 1. To
practice striking with the foot. 2.
To thrust out the foot with violence
to manifest opposition. 3. To recoil.
n. A blow with the foot or feet.
KlD, n. [Icel. kidk, 0. II. Ger. Iriz,

kindly

.
Quality of being
benignity.

Bark

[Indian]

KlN'Nl-KI-NIC', n.

leaves of red sumac or the red

willow, prepared for smoking.
Ki'no, n. An astringent vegetable ex-

and

tract^

Kins/folk

Kindred; per.

(-fok), n.

sons of the same family.

Kin'ship, n.
Relationship

consam

guinity.

Kins/man

(150),

A man

n.

of thj

same race or family.

KIns'wom-an

(150), n.

the same race or family

A woman

o/

a female

re-

lation.

KlP'PER,

v.

t.

[-ED; -ING.] Tocure,

as fish, by means of salt and pepper,

and by hanging up.
n. 1. A salmon in the state of spawning. 2. A
salmon split open, salted, and dried

or smoked.
Kip'-skIn, n.

the skin of

Kirk

Leather prepared from

young

cattle.

[A.-S. circe.]
n.
1. A
church. [Scot.] 2. The established
church in Scotland.
Kir'tle, n. [A.-S. cyrtel.] An upper
garment a short jacket.
Kiss, v. t. or i. [-ed ;'-ing.] [A.-S.
cyssan.] To salute with the lips.
(18),

n.
1. A salute with the lips.
small piece of confectionery.

2.

[-ER: -EST, 142.] 1. KIT, n. [D. kit. a large bottle.] 1. A

vessel of various kinds and uses.
2.
Sympathetic congenial hence, beThat which contains a necessary out
nevolent gracious. 2. Favorable;
fit
hence, a whole outfit.
3. A
gentle.
adv. With good will.
small violin.
Kind'ness, n. 1. Good will benevoKITCH'EN (58), n. [Lat. coquina, fr.
lence.
2. A kind act.
coquere, to cook.] A room or plac$
KIN'DRED, n. [0. Eng. kinrede, from
for cooking.
A.-S. cynn, offspring, and term, neden, orig. a state or condition.] 1. KlTCH'EN-GAR'D.EN (-ga^dn), n. A
garden for raising vegetables for thj
kizzi.] 1. A young goat. 2. A bunConsanguinity; kin. 2. Relatives by
_table.
dle of furze.
blood.
a. Related; congenial.
KId'nap, V. t. [-ED, -ING or -PED, KlNE, n.; pi. of Cow.
Kite, n. [A.-S. cita,
-PING, 137.] [Prov. Eng. k '/^child, KING, n. [A.-S. cyng, cynig.] 1. A
cyta.] 1. A rapaand nap, to seize.] To steai a nd carry
cious bird of the
sovereign. 2. Chief piece in chess.
away or secrete, as a human being. KlNG'DOM, n. [Eng. king, and the
hawk kind. 2.
Kid'nXp-er,
One who steals a
n.
A light wooden
termi a ation dom.] 1. Royal authorKId'nap-per, J
human being.
frame
covered
dominion
or
of
2.
Territory
a
ity.
KlD'NEY, n. [Prob. from A.-S. quidh,
with paper, for
Kite,
king. 3. An extensive scientific diGoth, qvithus, belly, womb, and
flying.
v.
i.
To
department.
vision
a
Eng. nigh.] 1. One of two oblong, KlNG'FlSH-ER, n.
raise money, or sustain one's credit,
^
flattened glands, constituting the seby the use of mercantile paper which
A bird that lives
cretory organs of the urine. 2. Habis fictitious.
on fish which it
it
disposition sort
kind.
Kith,
Acquaintn.
[A.-S. cydh.]
takes by darting
KIl'DER-kin, n. A small barrel.
ance.
down on its prey
[A.-S.
KILL, v. t.
[-ed; -ING.]
Kith
and
acquaintance
kin,
intimate
in the water.
and relationship.
rwellen, cwelian.
To KlNG'LY,a. [-ER:
See Quell.]
deprive of life, in any manner to
KlT'T^N, n. [Dim. of cat.] A young
-EST, 142.]
1.
put to death.
v. i.
cat the young of the cat.
Monarchical;
Kingfisher.
[-ED -ING.] To bring forth young,
Stn. To murder; assassinate slay.
royal.
2. Relat To kill does not necessarily mean any ing
as a cat.
to, or becoming, a king.
more than to deprive of life. A man may
Stn. Regal. Kingly is Saxon, and Knab (nab), v. t. [-BED -BING ] To
kill another by accident or in self-deseize with the teeth
to lay hold of;
refers especially to the character of a
fense, without the imputation of guilt.
king; regal is Latin, and now relates
to nab.
[ Vulgar.]
To murder is to kill with malicious foremore to his office.
thought and intention. To assassinate
KnSck (nak), n. 1. A toy. 2. Dexter.
is to murder suddenly and by stealth.
KlNG'-POST, n. A beam in a roof,
ity; adroitness.
KIll'er, n. One who kills.
rising from the tie-beam to the ridge. Knag (nag), n. [Ir. cnag, peg, knob.]
KIl'li-ki-nick
.:.
See Kinni- King's' e'vil (e/vl), n. A disease of
2. A peg.
3. A
1. A knot in wood.
kinic.
the scrofulous kind, which was forshoot of a deer's horn.
KlLN(kil), n. [A.-S. cyln,
cyl.] 1.
merly thought to be healed by the Knag'gy (nag'gy), a. Knotty; rough
A large stove or oven, for hardening,
touch of a king.
with knots.
burning, or drying any thing. 2. A Kink, n.
[D. kink, a bend.]
A self- Knap (nap), n. [A.-S. endp.] A propile of brick for burning.
v. t.
formed twist in a rope or thread.
tuberance a knob or button.
KlLN'-DRY (kTF-), V. t. [-DRIED
v.i.
[-ED -WG.]
To twist spon[-PED -PING.] 1. To bite off. 2.
-drying.] To dry in a kiln.
taneously.
To snap.

KlND'LY,

a.

OR, DO,

WOLF, TOO, TO~OK; URN, RUE, PULL

16

E,

/,

o, silent

c, G, soft; e, 5, hard;

Ag; Exist

as

ng

this.

KNAPSACK
Knap'sack

to eat.]

food

for

n
knappen

KnIgiit'hood

(nap/flak),

knapzak,

[D.

fr.

leather bag,
and clothing,

borne on the back by

&c.

diers,

KNAR (nar),
KNARL (narl),

manner becoming a knight.

A knot in wood.
KNARLED(narld), a. See Gnarled.
knorren.]

Knave

(nav), n. [A.-S. cnafa, a boy,

1.
servant, rogue.]
dishonest person a rascal a villain.
2. A playing-card with the figure of

young man,

a^ervant or

soldier.

Knav'er-y

(nav'er-y), n.
Petty viltrickery.
(nav'ish), a. Like a knave
[bonestly
villainous.
Knav'ish-ly (nav'ish-ly), adv. Dis(nav'ish-nes),
Knav'ISH-ness
n.

lainy

fraud

Knav'ish

Quality or habit of knavery; 'dishonesty.

Knead (need), v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
To work and press
[A.-S. cnedan.]
into a mass, as bread or paste.
KNEE (nee), n. [A.-S. kneo, kneow.]
1. Joint connecting the two principal parts of the leg. 2. A piece of
timber somewhat in the shape of the
knee when bent.
Knee'-deep (nee'deep), a. Rising or
sunk to the knees.

Rnee'-hIgh
upward

(nee'hl),

Reaching

of..

united closely.

[knits.

One who
The work

n.

(nlt'ter),

(nit'ting),

n.

to fall

on the knees.

(nee'-),

n.

flattened

round bone on the front of the kneejoint.

Knell

(nel), n. [A.-S. cnyll.] Stroke

of a bell, rung at a funeral, &c.
hence, a death-signal.
v. i. [-ED
-ING.] To sound as a knell.
(nu), imp. of Know.
KnIck'knack (nik'nak), n. A trifle
or toy a gewgaw.

Knew

KnIfe

An
[A.-S. cnif.]
edged instrument for cutting.
KnIght (nit), n [A.-S. cniht, cneoht.]
(nif),

n.

military attendant. 2. One admitted, in feudal times, to a certain

military rank.
3.
One on whom
knighthood is conferred, entitling
him to be addressed as Sir. 4. A
v. ?'.
[-ed;
piece used in chess.
-ING.] To dub or create a knight.
1.

wandering

iu quest of

adven-

tures.

[-ER

-EST, H2.\

Hard

2.

Difficult; intricate.
(nowt or nobt), n.
[Russ.

KNOUT

3.

An instrument of punishin Russia, with which stripes

are inflicted on the bareback.
.
t._ To punish with the knout.
ment

Know

(no), v.

[knew; known-,

t.

knowing.] [A.-S. cnauan. allied

to Lat. gnoscere. noscere.] 1. To perceive or apprehend clearly. 2. To
possess experience of.

3.

To

recog-

4. To countenance
to approve. 5. To have sexual commerce
with.
v. i.
To have knowledge
to possess information.

nize.

Know'a-ble

Capable

(no'a-bl), a.

of being known.

Knowing

(no'ing), p. a.

Skillful;

a round ball at the end of any thing.

(nob'bi-), n.
Quality
of having knobs or protuberances.
Knob'by (nob'by), a. Full of knobs.

KNOB'BI-NESS

Knock (nok),

v.i.

S. cnocian.]

To

1.

[-ed;-ing.] [A.strike with some-

2. To clash.
strike; to drive against.
1.
strike for admittance, as a
n.
stroke with something

thing hard or heavy.

v.
2.

t.

To

To

A
door.
thick or heavy a rap.
(nok'er),
Knock'er
n.
;

specifically,

One who
a kind of hamHav-

ing the legs bent inward, so that the

knees touch.
Knoll (nol), v. t. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S.
cnyllan, cnellan.
See KNELL.] To
ring, as a bell
to knell.
v. i. To
sound, as a bell to knell.
n [A.A little round hill or eleS. cnoll.]
vation of earth.
;

Knop (nop),
1. A knob;
bunch

Knot

[A.-S.

n.

a button.

cnxp, cnzepp.]
2.

[Knoic
and the termination ledge.] 1. Act
of knowing.
2.
That which is
known; a cognition. 3. Learning;
scholarship.

4. Practical skill.
5.
cognizance. 6. Sexualintereourse.
(non). p.p. from Know.

Information

Known

KNficK'LE

(nOk'l), a.

[A.-S. cnucl.]

Joint of a finger. 2. Knee-joint

of a calf.
v.i.
[-ED -ING.] To
submit in contest.

JB3~ This use is derived from the old

custom of striking the under *ide of a
table when defeated in argument.

Knurl

(nurl), n.

knot; a haid

substance.
(nurPt),o. [-er;-est,I42.
[Of.
Gnarly.]
Full of knots
hard.

Knurl'y
Ko'ran
The

[See ALCORAN.]
sacred writings of the Moham(89),

n.

medans.
or Kraal (kra.1 or krawl), n.
collection of huts; sometimes
[South Africa.]
Kra'KEN. n. [0. Sw. krake, trunk oi
stem of a tree.]
fabled sea animal
[D.]

[A.-S. cnot, allied to

1. A complication of
Lat. nodus.]
cords, formed by tjing or knitting.
3. A difficulty
a
2. Bond of union.
perplexit}'.
4. Joint of a plant.
5.
(Naut.) A division of the log -line,
serving to measure the rate of the
;

[-TED;
motion.
v. t.
2. To
-TING.] 1. To form a knot.
unite closely. 3. To entangle to perv.i. To form knots or joints.
plex.
Knot'ted (n5t'ted), a. Full of knots
vessel's

n.

(not'tl-nes),

(noPej, 39), n.

A Kraal,

{Arch.)

of flowers or leaves.

(not), n.

In-

telligently.

Knowledge

1.

KNIGHT'-ER'RANT (nlt-),n. A knight

who traveled in search of adventure.
Knight'-er'rant-ry (nit-),n. Prac- Knot'TI-ness
tice of

n.

the knee

(not'-), a.

Having many knots.

Knob (nob), n. [A modif. of knop.]

well-informed intelligent.
A hard protuberance a bunch Know'ing-ly (no'ing-ly), adv.

mer to rap on a door.

Kneel (neel), v. i. [knelt or
KNEELED KNEELING.] To bend Knock'-kneed (nok'need), a.

KNEE'-PAN

1.

rugged.

of a knitter.

Knit'ting-nee'dle (nit'ting-),
Along needle used for knitting.
KNIVE (nlvz), n. ; pi. of Knife.

knocks

to the knees.

KnIt'ter
Knit'ting

Knot'ty

knut.]

(nit), v. t. [knit or knitted

KNITTING.] [A.-S. cnytan, cnyttav.]
1. To form, by continued interlooping (if yarn or thread, by means of
to unite
needles.
2. To join
to
connect.
3. To draw together
to
1. To unite any
contract.
v. i.
thing by making knots. 2. To be

Knit

knorre ,Ger. knorre,

Character,

n.

(nit-'-),

dignity, or condition of a knight.

(nuViy), a. Pertaiuing to,
adv. In a
or becoming, a knight

Knight'lv

[0. D. Knapsack.

n.

LABEL

242

1.

Quality of being knotty. 2. Difficulty of solution intricacy.

;

a jingle hut.

of enormous

size.

Kre'o-sote, n. See Creosote.

Ky'an-ize, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From
Kyan, the inventor.]
To render
;

proof against decay, as wood, by the

use of corrosive sublimate, &e.

Kyr/i-o-loG'ic,
Kyr'i-o-log'ic-al,

a.

[Gr. Kvpio-

Aoyixos, speaking or describing literally or properDenoting objects by means of

ly.]
conventional signs or alphabet''* t
)

characters.

L.
L(el}, the

twelfth letter of the Eng-

to the

main

building, giving the build-

ing the shape of the letter L.

has only one sound,
See Prin. ofPron., 79. X^, interj. [See Lo.] Look behold.
a house, & wing, or part attached UjA'bel, n. [Lat. labellum, dim. of la-

lish alphabet,

as in

loll

Lof
A,

E,

I,

5, V,Y,long; A,ii,

I,

6, C, Y, short

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

lip, margin.]
A slip of paper,
affixed to any thing, denoting
contents, ownership, &c.
v t.
To affix a label to.
(137).

brum,

&c,

its

ERE. VEIL,

TvtfclVr; Pi'QlTJ ,

rlRM

s6n.

LABIAL
La'BI-AL.

LAKE

243
Per- LXH'RY-MAL,a.

[Lat. labium, lip.]

a.

taining to, or uttered with, the

lips.

kind cf hydrometer for ascertaining

Secreting tears.
2. Pertaining to, or conveying, tears.
1.

the specific gravity of milk.

n.
A letter representing a sound Laoh'ry-ma-to-RY, n. [Lat. lacry- La-cus'tral, la. [Lat. laacs, lake.]
?za,atear.]
A vessel found in sep- LA-eiJS'TRlNE, ) Pertaining to lakes
formed chiefly with the lips.
or swamps.
La'BI-o-dent'al, a.
[Lat. labium,
ulc hers of the ancients, supposed to
Pronounced
have held the tears of a deceased Lad, n. [A.-S. leod.] A young man,
lip, and dens, tooth.]
or
boy a stripling.
person's friends.
by the co-operation of the lips and
[A.-S.
hlsedder.]
teeth, as/ and v.
Lach'ry-jhose', a.
Generating or LXD'DER, n.
A
frame of wood, rope, &c. with rouudo
La'bor, n. [Lat.] 1. Physical toil
^hedding tears.
2. Intellectual ex- La'cing, n.
1. A fastening with a
bodily exertion.
Jbrming steps.
[imp. laded
ertion.
3. That which requires hard
string or chord through eyelet-holes. Lade, v. t.
p. ~\
LADED or LADEN; p. pr. & vb. iu
work for its accomplishment.
4.
2. A chord used in drawing tight or
Pangs and efforts of childbirth.
LADING.] [A.-S. hladan. Cf. LOAD.]
fastening.
[-ed
-ing.]
1. To load
to freight.
2. To throw
Lack, v. t.
[0. Sw.
t>YX. Work
toil
task
exertion
lacka, to fail, lack.] To be destitute
in or out with a ladle.
pains; travail.
want.
to
be
in
need
of;
to
v. i. Lad'ing, n.
That
which
of;
lades; a
[-ed:-ing.] 1. To work:
v. i.
2. To be wanting.
1. To be in want.
load or cargo freight burden.
to toil.
2. To exert ones powers of
;

failure.
n. Want
n. See Lac. LA'DLE,n.
[A.-S. hlddle, fr. hladan,
3. To be in travail.
4. To
Affectedly
to load.]
1. A cup with a long hanand roll heavily, as a ship. Lack/a-dai'sic-ae, a.
Lack'A-dai'Iv,
pensive.
dle.
2. Float of a mill-wheel.
3.
v. t.
To work at to form with toil,
Lack'a-day', interj. [Abbrev. from
An instrument for drawing the
exertion, or care.
alack-a-day.]
Alas!
an
exprescannon.
charge
of
a
Lab'O-RA-TO-RY (50). n. [Lat. labosion of sorrow and regret.
La-drone', n. [Sp., fr. Lat. latro,
rure, to labor.]
1. A place for opern.
See Lacquer.
servant, robber.]
A pirate; hence,
ations and experiments in chemistry, Lack'er,
Lack'EY, n. [Goth, laikan, to run,
a rascal.
pyroteehny, &c. 2. A workshop.
An
jump.]
attending
servant;
La'dy,
[A.-S.
a
n.
hlsefdige
; i. e. hlafLa'BORED, a. Bearing marks of confootman.
To attend as a
v. t.
iceardige, bread-keeper.] 1. A woman
straint in execution.
lackey.
[or brightness.
distinction
of
social
or
position,
or
La/bor-er, n. One who labors in a
Lack'lus-ter, a.
Wanting luster
of gentle or refined manners. 2. A
toilsome occupation.
La-con'tc,
a.
Expressing
much
in
wife.
LA-BO'Rl-oDs (89), a.
1. Requiring

mind.

pitch

or employing labor
toilsome tiresome. 2. Diligent industrious.
LA-BO'RI-Ot'S-LY, adv. With labor or
difficulty.

La-bo 'rt-ous-ness,

n.

1.

Quality of

being laborious
toilsomeness.
Diligence assiduity.

2.

Lab'Y-rinth,

1.

[Gr.

n.
place full of

Any

Aa/Bvpivflo?.]

winding passages.
thing extremely intricate.

Syn. Maze. A labyrinth among the

ancients was a building constructed with
a multitude of winding passages, so that
a person could hardly avoid being lost.
Hence, figuratively, 'the word denotes
any thing extremely intricate, as the
labyrinth of the human heart. Maze {lit.,
whirlpool) denotes the perplexity and
confusion in which the mind is thrown
by unexpected or inexplicable events;
as, a maze of thought.

LXb'y-RINTH'I-an,

a.

Winding

in-

tricate.

Lab/Y-RIXTH'INE,

a.

Pertaining

or like, a labyrinth.
LX-e, n. 1. [Per. lak, Skr. lakscha.]

to,

resinous substance produced by an

mainly upon the banyan tree.
2. [Hind, lak, lakh, laksh, Skr. lak-

insect,

One hundred thousand

s/ia.]
a,

as,

[East Indies.]

lac of rupees.
n.
[Lat.

few words.

Lace,

Our Lady, the Virgin Mary.

Concise.
The term laconic
derived from the Lncones, or Spartans,
who affected to give short, pithy answers.
Laconi'-, then, implies few words; concise, only i;ne necessary words.
A work
may be a long one, and yet the language
be concise ; a reply can not he long and
yet laconic. Laconic carries with it the

Stn.

is

v.

t.

[-ED;

-ING]

&

Negligence

OR, DO,

remissness.

weak, feeble,

[Ir. lag,

est class.

faint.

[-GED; -GING.]
v. i.
To walk or move slowly to stay be-

A concise,

sententious methlaconicism. 2. A concise phrase or expression.

[cisely.
La-c6n'I-AT,-ey. adv. Briefly conLA-e6N'I-CISM, n.
1.
A laconic
1.

hind.

Syx. To loiter; linger; saunter; delay.

See Loiter.

L&e'O-NigaC

c tyle.

2.

brief,

La'ger-beer,

(lak'er),n.

yellowish varnish,

[See

made

Lac]

of shell-lac

alcohol. - v.t. [-ed;-ing.] To

varnish with lacquer.
LA-e.-TA/TION, n. Act of giving suck,
or time of suckling.
LAC'TE-AL, a. [See infra.] 1. Pertaining to milk milky. 2. Conveying chyle.
n.
An absorbent ves-

and

sel,

that conveys chyle from the in-

testines to the thoracic duct.

Lao'TE-AN,
a.
[Lat. lacteus,
)

Lac'te-ous,

milk

2.

n.

milkiness.

from
Milky
Conveying

lac, milk.] 1.

consisting of milk.
chyle.

Tendency to
Milky juice of

1.
2.

a plant.,
a.

[Lat.

lactescens,

turning to milk.] 1. Producing milk

or white juice. 2. Abounding with
a thick, colored juice.
Lac'tio, a. Pertaining to milk procured from sour milk.
;

Lac-tom'e-ter,

n.

[Lat. lac, lactis,

and Gr. /ae'rpov, measure.] 1.

instrument for ascertaining the

milk,

An

proportion of cream in milk.

WOLF, TOO, TOOK.; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

o, silent

2.

c, g, soft

A
-e,

Lag'GARD,
backward.

n.

and

storehouse,
man beer
before use.

sententious phrase.

Lac'quer

Lac-tes'CENT,

lace.

[Lat. lacerare, -ratum: lacer, mangled.]

To tear to rend to injure.
Lac'er-a'tion, n. 1. Act of tearing.
2. Breach made by tearing,
[erate.
Lac'er-A'TIVE, a. Tending to licLa^h'es, n.
Norm. Fr. lach[0.
esse, ff. Lat. laxus, loose.]
{Law.)

a.

LOW.] Slow; tardy. n. 1. One

who lags. 2. Fag-end rump low-

n.

od of speaking

with

LAC'ER-ATE,

Lag.
Cf.

Lac-tes'CENCE,

Day of the annuncin.

ation to the Virgin Mary, March 25n.
A sweetheart.
LA'DY-SHlP, n. Rank or position of a
lady
given as a title.

La'dy-LOVE,

idea of incivility or affectation; concise

is a term of unmixed praise.

laqueus, noose.] 1.
string or cord, 2. A fabric of fine
threads interwoven in a net.
v. t.
[ED; -ING.] 1. To fasten with a
lace or string.
2. To adorn or deck

La'dy-day,

[Ger. lager,

bier, beer.]

bed,
Ger-

stored for some months

[Eng

a.

n.

lag.]

Sluggish:
lags; a

One who

loiterer.

LXG'GER,

n.
loiterer
an idler.
n.
[Lat. laguna, from Gr.
marsh, shallow
Acikos, hole, pit.]
pond, or lake especially, a lake in a
coral island.
LA'IC. a. [Gr. Aoukos, from Aa6s, the
;

LA-GOON',

people.] Belonging to a layman or

the laity.
n. A layman.
LA'ie-AL, n. Same as laic. See Laic.
LAID, imp. & p. p. of Lay.
Laid paver, writing paper having 3

ribbed surface, as

if

inlaid with lines.

Lain, p. p. of Lie.
LAlR,n. [Ger. lager, couch, lair.]
Bed or couch of a wild beast.

L
2.

Any

resting-place.
Laird, a. [Contr. from

-S. hlaford.

See Lord.] 1. A lord. [Scot.] 2.

A landholder under the degree of a
knight or squire. [Seot.]
La'i-ty, n. [See Lay, a.] The people, as distinguished from the clergy.
LAKE, n. 1. [Lat. lacus, A.-S. lac] A
.

G, hard

AS

EXIST

NasNG;

this.

LAKELET

244

large collection of water contained

2. [See Lac]
in a cavity or hollow.

LXmp'-blXck, n. A fine soot from

the smoke of resinous substances.
LXm'peji-eel,7i. Same as Lamprey.

deep-red coloring matter.

Lake'let,

n.

LAM-POON',

little lake.

LA'ma,

[Thibetan llama, chief,

n.
high priest.] A superior the name
of a Buddhist priest in Thibet, &c.
;

LAMB

[A.-S.]
The young
(lam), n.
of the sheep kind.
Lamb of God {Script.), Jesua Christ,
who was typified by the paschul lamb.
LXM'BENT,a. [Lat. lambens, licking.]
1. Playing on the surface. 2. Twinkling or gleaming.
Lamb'kin (lam / kin), n. A small lamb.

LAMB'g'-WOOL,

(lamz'-), n.

1.

Wool

of lambs. 2. [From the resemblance

of the pulp to the wool of a laynb.}
Ale mixed with the pulp of roasted
apples.

Lame,

drinking

drink.]

n.

Satire. The

Syn.

name

of satires were a svi.ng of lam-

poons.

v.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

v.

not smooth,

t.

[-ED;-ING.] To

to cripple

to

render

a.
[Lat. lamella,
of lamina, plate, layer.] Composed
of, or disposed in, thin plates, layers, or scales.

LXm'el-late,
LAM'EL-LA'TED,

Composed

a.

of,

or covered with,

thin plates or scales.

LAME'LY, adv.
abled manner.

1.

In a lame or

2.

Weakly

dis-

unstead[lame.

ily,

in

written satire.
Syn. Tolibel; defame; slander.

and petra, rock.] An

having a round, suck-

ing mouth.

La'NA-ry,

lanaria

[Lat

lana,

store-place for wool.

Woolly. 2. Covered with a substance

a.

1.

like curled hairs.

LAN^E, n. [Lat. lancea, of
Celtic origin.]
1. A spear.
;

to deplore to bewaih
for
Grief expressed in complaints or
cries
lamentation.
LXm'ent-a-3ee, a.
1.
Fitted to
awaken lament pitiable. 2. Miserable pitiful
low.
Lam'ent-a-bly, adv. 1. With sorrow. 2. Pitifully
despicably.
LXm'en-ta'tion, n. Act of bewailing expression of sorrow.
La-MENT'ER, n. One who laments.
;

LlM'l-NA
1.

n. : pi. LAM'I-NJE.. [Lat.

thin plate or scale. 2. {Anal.)
,

bone, or part of a bone, resembling a thin plate.

3. (Bot.) The
blade of a leaf.
LXm'i-na-ble, a. Capable of being
formed into laminae.
[layers.
LXm'i-nar, a.
Consisting of thin
Lam'i-nate, )a.
Consisting
of
LIm'i-na'ted, )
plates, scales, or
layers, one over another.

LAM'MAS,

n.

[A.-S.

hlammesse, hlaf-

msesse, loaf-mass, bread-feast.] First

>

LXm'mer-geir,
)n.
[Ger. VdmLAm'mer-gey'er,
mergeier Idm;

mer, lambs, and geier, vulture.] A

vulture of the Eastern hemisphere,
having the neck covered with feathers.

LXMP,

[Gr. Xa^tvaq, torch, from

Ad/ouretv, to shine.]
vessel for the
combustion of inflammable liquids,
for producing artificial light.

n.

S.,

E,

I,

0,V,Y, long; A,!, I,

A mark

1.

lives

to desig-

guide to Feamen.
n.
A government
which business respecting

LXnd'-of'fI^e,
in

(150), n.
;

down from

sliding

One who

lives

opposed to seaman.
A

n.

tax on land and

buildings.

LXnd'ward,

carries a lance.
1.
[Dim. of lance.)

instrument, sharp -pointed

to disembark.
[Ger. landamtn.
A chief magisland-bailiff.]

go on shore

LAn'dam-mAn,

some of the Swiss cantons.

n.

kind of coach or
may be thrown

carriage whose top

from Landau, in Germany.

LXnd'ed,

a.

1.

Having an

estate in

Consisting in real estate.

LAnd'fall, n. 1. A sudden transference of property in land by the
death of its owner. 2. First land
discovered after a voyage.
LXnd'-for^e, n. A military force
serving on land.

5, C, Y, short;

n.

nate the boundary of land. 2. Any

elevated object on land serving as a

LXnd'-tXx,

pierce with, or as with, a lance.

v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
To tear; to
lancinare, -natum.]
lacerate.
Land, n. [A.-S.] 1. Earth, or the
solid matter which constitutes the
2. Any portion of the solid
globe.
3. Ground
surface of the globe.
[-ed; -ing.] To set
v.t.
soil.
v. i.
To
on shore; to disembark.

or serves on land,

on the land

Lances.

LXn'ci-nate,

land.

men in contempt.
LAnd'man (150), n. A man who

LXnds'man

and two-edged. 2. A high and u arrow window.

LANCH,r.. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat. Zan1. To
ceare, to wiejd the lance.]
throw, as a lance to dart. 2. To

back

n.
1. An owner of land
or houses having tenants under him.
2.
Master of an inn or lodginghouse.
LXND'EfJB-BER, n. One who passes
his life on land
so called by sea-

One who

n.
n.

surgical

trate in

Land'lord,

LXnd'-slIp,
a mountain.

tremity.

mann,

A woman who

1.

is transacted.
n.
[A.-S. lavdscipe;
land, land, and scipe, equiv. to Eng.
ship.]
1. A portion of land which
the eye can take in at once. 2. A
picture exhibiting such a view.
LXnd'-slide, n. A portion of land

toward the outer ex-

ally tapering

Lan'cer,
LXn'^ET,

LAn'dau,

day of August.

n.

has tenants holdii.g from her. 2.

Mistress of an inn or lodging-house.
LAnd'lock, v. t. To inclose by land.

LXnd'SCAPE,

mourn

LXnd'la-dy,

the public land

lance

\a. [Lat.
LAME'NESS, n. Condition of being LXn'ce-o-late,
lanLA-MENT', v. i. [Lat. lamentari.} 1. LXn'ce-o-la'ted,
ceolatus ; lanceola, a little
To weep to mourn. 2. To feel deep
Oblong and gradulance.]
[-ED; -ing-.]
v.t.
sorrow.
To

n.
[Ger. landgra/
land, land, and graf, earl.] A German nobleirian of a rank corresponding to that of an earl in England
LAnd'-hold'er, a. A holder or owner of land.
LAnd'ing, n. 1. Act of, or place for
goiug or setting on shore. 2. Broad,
level part of a staircas-e.

office

soldier armed with a

spear a lancer. v. t. [-ED
-ING.] 1. To pierce with
a lance. 2. To open with a
lancet.
3. To throw, as a

2.

LXnd'grave,

LAnd'mark,

n.

wool.]

La'nate,
dim. La'na-ted,

LXm'EL-LAR,

To abuse

Lam-poon'er,m. Writer of a lampoon

LAM'PREY, n. [Lat. lampelra ; lameel-like fish,

make lame

appropriate ob-

and designed to expose and reform. A

lampoon is a bitter personal satire, dictated by malignant feelings, and intended
only to distress and degrade. Most of
the pieces published by Pope under the

1. Disabled in a limb, or otherwise

injured. 2. Imperfect. 3. Hobbling

imperfect and unsound.

lampon, a

ject of satire is found in the vices and

follies of the times. It is usually general,

bere, to lick,

Ft.

song, fr. tampons, let us

personal satire in writing.

[A.-S. lam.]

[-ER;-EST.]

a.

[0.

LANGUIDNLSS

2.

adv. Toward the land

1. A narrow or
[D. laan.]
passage. 2.
passage between lines of people on each side.
LXn'GRAGE, ) n. Shot used at sea for
Lan'grel, \ tearing sails and rigging. It consists of pieces of old iron
fastened together.
LAn'guage (45), n. [L. Lat. langagium, fr. Lat. lingva, tongue.] 1.
Human speech. 2. Expression of
ideas by signs, writing, &c. 3. Forms
of speech peculiar to a nation. 4.
Ideas associated with inanimate ob-

Lane,

n.

private

jects.

Syn. Speech tongue idiom diaLanguage is generic, denoting any

mode of conveying ideas, as the language
of the deaf and dumb, &c speech is the
;

lect.

language of articulate sounds; tongue is

foi the language of a parthe Saxon ter
as, the English tongue.
Idiom denotes the forms of construction
peculiar to a language; dialects are vaticular people;

rieties of

expression which spring

up

in

different parts of a country, or in different professions, &c.

LXn'guid,

[Lat. languidus.] 1.
a.
Indisposed to exertion. 2. Promoting or indicating weakness.
Syn. Feeble weak; faint weary.
;

LXn'guid-ly, adv.
LXn'guid-ness, n.

Weakly feebly.
1. Weakness from

exhaustion of strength.
gishness

CARE, FAR, ASK, LL, WHAT; ERE,

VIJIE,

2.

Slug-

languor.

TfiEM; PIQUE, fIrm; s6n.

LANGUISH

LASTING

245

Operation
LAN'GUISH, V. i. [-ED -I^G.] 1. La-PiD'1-fi-ca'tion, n.
To become languid or weak. 2. To
of converting into a &tony substance.
LA-PID'I-FY, v. t. [-ed -1st, 142.]
suffer, as from heat or drought.
3.
To bev. i.
To form iuto stone.
To grow dull. 4. To look with softcome stone or stony
ness or tenderness.
;

Syx.

Topine;

Lan'GUISH-MENT,
guishing.

L.O'GIOR

wither; fade; droop.

n. 1. State of lan-

2. Softness of mien.
;iang / gwur), n.
[Lat.]

1.

Lap'i-dist,

Lap'per,
folds.

n.

a.

(lar-get'to),

[It.,

dim. of largo, large.]

{Mus.) Some-

what slowly.
Lar' GO, a. [It., broad,

large.] (Mus.\

Slowly.
w. [Sp. lariata.] The lasso.
1.
[A.-S. lawtrce, lawerc]
frolic a
singing-bird. 2.
[-ed;
v.i.
[Colloq.]
jolly time.
-ing.] 1. To catch larks. 2. To
make sport to frolic. [Colloq.]

LAR'I-AT,

lapidary.

One who wraps or LARK, n.

A small
One who takes up with his

n.

2.

Larghetto

1.

tongue.

Lap'pet, n. [Dim. of lap.] Part of a

Lassitude of body. 2. Dullness of
[falling.
garment that hangs loose,
the intellectual faculty.
Laps'a-BLE, a. Capable of lapsing or LXrk'spur, n. A plant with showy
Syx. Feebleness weakness; faint1. A glidlapsus.]
[Lat.
Lapse,
n.
ness; weariness; heaviness; lassitude.
To beat or flog.
ing, slipping, or gradual falling. 2. Lar'rup, v. t.
Lan'iard (lan'yard), n. See LanAn error a failing in duty. 3. Lar'um,m. [Abbrev. of alarum.] Any
yard.
thing used for giving an alarm.
Omission of a patron to present a
La'ni-a-ry. [Lat. laninrius ; lanhcs,
clerk to a benefice within six mouths Lar'va, n. ; pi. lar'VjE. [Lat. ghost,
i

Lacerating or tearing.
a.
[Lat. lanifcr
lana, wool, suidferre, to bear.] Producing wool.
LA-NiG'ER-otJS, a.
[Lat. laniger
lana, wool, and gerere, to bear.]
Bearing wool.
butcher.]

LA-NIF'ER-OUS,

Lank,

a.

ER

-EST.] [A.-S. hlanc]

Loose, and easily yielding to press2. U'eak and slender

slim.
Laxk'ness, n. Condition of being
1.

ure.

lank

liabbiness.

[slim.

[-ed;
r. i.
becomes void.
1. To pass slowly or silently.
To commit a fault by inadvertence or mistake. 3. To pass from
one proprietor to another, by the
negligence or failure of some one.
Having
Lap'sid-ed (Hp'sld-ed), a.
one side heavier thau the other, as a
after it

An insect in the first stage

after leaving the egg; a caterpillar,
mask.]

-ING.]

ship.

Lap'stone,

n.

stone on which

shoemakers beat leather.

Lap'-streak,

Larve, n.; pi. LARVES. Same as

Lar'yn-Ge'al, or LA-RYN'GE-AL,
LaR'YN-Ge'AN, or LA-RYN'GE-AN, j
)

Pertaining to the larynx.

Lar'YNX, n. [Gr. Aapuyf.] Upper
part of the windpipe, constituting
the organ of voice.
Las'car, or Las-car', n. [Hind.
a.

Made with boards

a.

[LARVA.

grub, or maggot.

2.

laslikar.}

native sailor, employed

Lank'y, a. Somewhat lank slender

[East Indies.]
whose edges lap one over another.
in European vessels.
Lan'TERN, n.
[Lat. lanterna.]
1.
Lar, n.; pi. la'RE. [Lat.] A LAS-CIV'I OL'S, a. [Lat. lasciv ia, wanSomething inclosing and protecting
lewd lustful.
1. Loose
tonness.]
household deity among the ancient
a light. 2. A little dome over the
Romans.
2. Tending to produce lewd emotions.
;

roof of a building to give light.

Dark lantern, a lantern Which

closed so as to conceal the light.

Lar'board

may be

La-nu'gi-n5se/, a.
[Lat. lanugiLa-nu'GI-NoOs, J nosus, fr. lana,
wool.] Covered with fine, soft hair
downy.
)

Lan'yard,

n.
[Fr. lanicre, thong.]
short piece of rope or line for fastening something in ships.
Lap.tj.
[A.-S. leeppa, lappa.] 1. The
loose part of a coat.
2. Part of the

lies on the knees when

one sits down that part of the body
thus covered. 3. Tliat part of one
body which lies upon another an
edge: a border or hem.
v. t.

clothing that

[-PED -PING.] 1. To bend and lay

over or on. 2. To lick up.
v. i. 1.
To be spread or laid on or over. 2.
[A.-S. lapian, lappian.] To drink by

[the lap.

licking.

Lap'-dog,

small dog fondled in

La-PEL', n. [Eng. lap.} That part of
a coat which laps over the facing.
Lap'ful, ii. As much as the lap can
n.

to be contracted from lower, i. e.,

humbler in rank.] Left-hand side of
a ship facing the head port.
Lar'CE-ny, n. [From obs. latrociny,
from Lat. latro, a robber.] Unlawful taking of things with intent to
deprive the owner of the same theft.
[Gr.
Larch, n.
A conifA<pi.]

(44), n. [Lat. lapidarius,

scone.]
1. An artificer who
cuts and polishes precious stones.
2.
a.
dealer in precious stones.
Belating to the art of cutting stones.
fr. lapis,

LaP'I-des'CENCE,??.

1.

harden-

ing into a stony substance. 2. A

stony concretion.
LXp'i-DES'CENT,rt. [Lat. lapidescens,
becoming stone.] Growing or turning to stone.
Lxp'I-dif'IC,
a.
[Lat. lapis, laLap'1-dIf'IC-al, } pidis, stone, and
Converting into
facers, to make.]
)

stone.

OR, do, WOLF, TOO,

LAS-civ'i-dus LY, adv. In a lascivious manner.

LAs-civ'i-ous-NESs,n. State or quality of

havdeciduous

erous
ing

tree,

leaves.
h. [Lat. larThe fat
dum.]

Larch.

A room

where meat,

&c, is kept; a pantry.

La're^, n. pi. See Lar.
Large, a. [-er:-est.] [Lat.

Large'ly,

adv. In a large, abundant, or copious manner amply.

n.
State or quality of
being large.
Syx.
Biyness
magnitude
bulk
;

LarGe'ness,

greatness; extent; generosity; liberality.

n. [Fr. largesse, fr. large.]

Lar'gess,

TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

a
I,

size; specifically, (a.)

present

Following all the rest final hindmost. 2. Next before the present.
adv.
3. Utmost. 4. Most unlikely.
1. The last time.
2. In conclusion.
[-ed;
v. i.
3.
After all others.
-ING.] [A.-S. l&stav, to perform,
follow.] 1. To continue: to endure.
2. To remain unimpaired; to hold
:

out.

n.

1.

[A.-S. hlsrst,

fr.

hla-

dan, to lade.] A certain weight or

measure, generally estimated at 4006
lbs.
2. Burden of a ship. 3. [A.-S.
See Last. t\ r\] A mold
of wood, on which shoes are

last, lasst.

made

formed.

Last'ing,
Syx.
ing

is

p. a.

Of !nng continuance.

Durable

permanent.

Last-

more commonly applied to things

which from their very nature

abstract,

gift.

o. silent

pious; diffusive.

largus.]

Wide, extensive, broad, (b.) Abundant; plentiful; numerous; populous,

(c.) Bulky: huge,
(d.) Diffuse,
(e.) Liberal: comprehensive.
(/.) Generous; noble.
Syx. Gig
capacious
ample co-

[Ger. lasche, latchet Icel.

laska, to tear.] 1. Thong of a whip
a cord. 2. A stroke with a whip or
any thing similar. 3. A stroke of
v.t.
[-ed ; -ing.] 1. To
satire.
to scourge. 2strike with a lash
To satirize. 3. To tie or bind with a
cord.
v. i.
To ply the whip to
make a severe attack.
Lass, n. [Contracted for laddess, f.
of lad A A young woman a girl.
Las'SI-TUDE (53), n. [Lat. lassitudo,
Languor of body
fr. lassus, faint.]
or mind weakness weariness.
Las'so, n. ; pi. las'sos. [Sp. lazo,
A rope or cord
fr. Lat. laqueus.]
with a noose, used for catching wild
horses, &c.
Last (6), a. [Contr. fr. latest.] 1.
;

grease. 2. To fatten to enrich. 3;

To interlard.
n.

being lascivious.

n.

r. t.
of swine.
[-ED; -ING.] 1.
To smear or mix
with lard
to

Lard'er,

Lash,

Lard,

Having great

contain.

Lap'I-da-RY

[Lar seems

(-burd), n.

C,G,

so/*,-

c, G, hard; As;

EXIST; NasNG; THIS

LASTINGLY
endure

as,

a lasting remembrance,

Permanent

fect, &c.

ef-

applies chiefly to

things established, and designed to remain unchanged; as, a permanent situation, a permanent change, &c.
Durable
is applied to material substances or fabrics, so far as they resist agencies which
tend to destroy them as, a durable foundation, &c.

distance of a heavenly body from the

ecliptic.
5. Distance of any place
from the equator.
Lat'i-tud'i-nal, a.
In the direction of_ latitude.
a. Lax in religious principles or views.
n. One
who indulges freedom in thinking

L5t'I-tud'i-na'ri-an,

n.

woolen

stuff.

durable

Tery

v. t. [-ed
catch to fasten a door.
-ing.] To catch or fasteu by means
of a latch.
Latch'et, n. [Dim. of latch.] The
string that fastens a shoe.
Late, a. [compare, later, or lat-

superl.

[A.-S.

1.

liit.]

LATTER,

slow; tardy.
;

Coming
office

a.

More

1.

Mentioned the
Modern. 4. Last

2.

3.

4.

Lat'ter-LY, adv.
past

lately.
Lat'TIC'e, n.

late or recent.

last of two.

latest

3.

2.

Largest boat belonging to

A man

of washing

[woman.

clothes.

[Fr. lattis, lath-work,

Net-work made by

lath.]

crossing laths, rods, or bars.

v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
To form into, or furnish with, a lattice.
;

Late 'ness,

w.

or tardy.

2.

LA'TENT, a.
Not visible

1. State of being late

Time far advanced.
[Lat. latens, lying bid.]

or apparent

hid

Lat'ER-AL,

[Lat. lateralis

a.

1.

to,

pi.

lattu.]

laths

narrow

(lathz).
[A.-S.
"slip of wood to

v. t. [-ED
line with laths.
[Allied to lath.]
machine-tool for turning or shaping ar-

support plastering, &c.

Lau'da-num,

Praiseworthy

[Lat.
certain resinous juice.]

n.

com-

[-ED;-ING.] To
form a foam with water and soap.
To spread over with lather.
v. t.
n. [A.-S. kadhor, leadhur, niter.] ].
Foam made by soap and water. 2.
Froth from profuse sweat, as of a
(99), v.

i.

Lat'IN,

a.

a.

long and
Pertaining to the Latins,

Thin as a lath

a people in Italy, or to their lanThe language

n.
guage Roman.
of the ancient Romans.
Lat'in-ism, n. A Latin idiom.
Lat'in-ist, n. One skilled in Latin.
LA-T1N'I-TY, n. The Latin tongue,
style, or idiom, or the use thereof.
To
LX.T'IN-IZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
turn or translate into Latin.
Lat'ish, a. Somewhat late.

Laugh

Lat'i-tat,

n.

[Lat.,

he

lies hid.]

writ by which a person was suminto the King's Bench, to answer, as supposing he lay concealed.
LXt'i-tOde (53), n. [Lat. latitudo ;
1. Extent from side
latus, broad.]
width. 2. Room
to side breadth
space. 3. Extent of signification, application, deviation, &c. 4. Angular
I,

0,V,Y, long; A, ,

(laf), v. i.

vol-'

Lav'a-to-ry,

n.
[Lat. lavatorium .]
1. A place for washing.
2.
wash
or lotion for a diseased part.
LAVE,r. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. lavare.]
To wash; to bathe.
v.i.

To wash one's self.

Lav'en-der, n. [L.

An

Lat. lavendida.]

aromatic plant.

La'ver,

human

species.

Fitted to

Ludickous.
(laf-), adv.
ner to excite laughter.

In a man-

so called from the laughter

often produces when inhaled.
(laf ing-), n. An
object of ridicule.
Laugh'ter (lafter), n. A peculiar
movement of the musclesof the face,
it

Laugh'ing-stock

usually attended by a sonorous and

interrupted expulsion of air.
(66), v.t.
Lanch.] 1. To

t.

[-ED; -ING.]

1.

wasteful;

To expend

with profusion. 2. To expend prodigally

to squander.
[pense.
With profuse exLav'ish-ment, n. Profusion prodi;

LXv'ISH-LY, adv.
)

gality.
J
[A.-S. legu, lag, lah, fr. the
1.
rule of order or
root of lay.]
conduct. 2s The appointed rules of

Law,

n.

a community or state. 3. {Nature.)

The regular method by which certain phenomena or effects follow certain conditions or causes, &c. hence,
force, tendency, propension, or

any

Established usage; a
principle or maxim of science or art.
5. The Jewish or Mosaic code hence,
6. Litigation.
the Old Testament.
jurisprudence.
7. Legal science
instinct.

4.

Laugh'er (laf'er),?!. One who laughs.

LAUGH'lNG-GAS (laf ing-), rc. Nitrous

Launch

v.

prodigal

Laugh'a-bly

a.

excite laughter.
Syn.
Droll; ludicrous; comical. See

oxide

Syn. Profuse
extravagant.

Lav'ish-ness,
[-ed

LXuGH'A-BLE(laf/a-bl),

I,

That which

n.

moned

commen-

Containing or ex-

-ing.] [A.-S.
hltahhan.] 1. To express merriment
visibly and audibly.
2.
To appear
gay.
v.t. 1. To express by laughing. 2. To ridicule.
An exn.
pression of mirth peculiar to the

Tincture of

Praise;

pressing praise.
contains praise.

[slender.

horse.

Lath'y,

ladanum, a
[dation.

Lau-da'tion, n.
Laud'a-to-RY, a.

ticles.

Lath'er

n.

opium.

To cover or

-ING.]

Lathe,

n. [It., fr. lavare, to

Melted rock ejected by a

Expending or bestowing profusely cr

excessively. 2. Wild unrestrained.

a.

mendable,

serving praise.
;

wash.]
cano.

[ness.

Latd'A-BLE,

to,

side.

n.

ever-

Laud'a-ble-ness, n. PraiseworthiLaud'a bly, adv. In a manner de-

latus,

the side.
Lat'er-al-ly, adv. 1. By the side;
2. In the direction of the
sidewise.

An

[Lat. laurvs.]

n.

green shrub, having aromatic leaves.

Academic honors were formerly indicated by a crown of laurel.

k
[Lat. lavare, to wash.] A
vessel for washing.
Lavish, n. [Eng. lave (obs.), to throw
out, from Lat. levare, to raise.]
1

Proceeding from, attached

or directed

laus, laudis.]

[Lat.

n.

Praise; commendation. 2. Music or

singing in honor of any one.
v. I
[-ED
-ING.] To praise in words
alone, or with words and singing.

secret.

side.]

LAUD,-

con-

reate.

Lau'rel,

La'va, or La'va,

final.

In time not long

fr. latte,

cealed

[It. latta, tin-plate.]

also, iron plate, covered

n.

Sheet tin
with tin.

Far advanced.

2.

out of

Lat'ten,

cently.

Lath,

water.

a ship.

Laun'der-er (lan'der-er),
who follows the business

Laun'dress (lan'dres), n. A washerone who departs from strict ortho- LAUN'DRY (lanMry), n. [0. Eng. lavdoxy.
endry, from Lat. lavare, to wash.]
Lat'i-tud'i-na'ri-an-ism, n. FreeA place where clothes are washed.
dom of opinion in mutters pertain- Lau're-ATE, a. [Lat. lavrealus ; lavrea, laurel-tree.] Decked or invested
ing to religious belief.
La'tri-a, or La-tri'a, n. [Gr. Aawith laurel.
Tpeta, from Xarpeveiv, to serve.] The
Poet laureate, an officer of the king's
household; a royal poet. [Eng.]
highest kind of worship, or that paid
to God.
Lau're-ate-ship, n. Office of a lau-

Lat'ter,

or LAST.]
after others

Recent.
1. After the usual or apadv.
2. Not long ago.
3.
pointed time.
_Far in the night, day, week, &c.
LATE'LY, adv. Not long ago re-

Deceased

E,

ate in language.
n. 1. The slid
ing of a ship from the land into the

species of

LAst'ing-ly, adv. Durably.

Last'ly, adv.
2.
1. In couclusion.
At last finally.
Latch,?i. [Cf. Latchet.] A small

ter

LAWLESSLY

246

[-ed;-ing.[

[Cf.

cause to slide from

the land into the water. 2. To throw,
as a spear.
v. i. 1. To go forth, as
a ship into the water. 2. To expati-

6,U, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

Syn. Statute; common law; regulation; edict; decree.

Lawful,

1. Agreeable to law;
a.
conformable to law competent le;

gal.

2.

Constituted by law.
adv.
In accordance

Law'ful-ly,
with law

legally.

Law'ful-ness,

Quality of being

n.

conformable to law

Law'Siv-er,
"law

n.
a legislator.

legality.

One who makes a

Lawless,

a.
1. Not restrained by
law. 2. Contrary to, or unauthorized
[manner.
by, law.
LaWless-ly, adv.
In a lawless

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL, TEKMj PIQUE, FIRM

SOS,

LAWLESSNESS
Lawn,

An open

space covered with

grass, generally in trout of or around

a mansion. 2. [Prom Pr. Imoii, lawn.]
A sort of fine linen or cambric.
LAW.V'Y, a. 1. Level, as a piain like
;

2. Mide of lawn.
it.
A process in law to recover a suppjsei right an action.
LAWYER, n- One versed in the laws,
or a practitioner of law.
Lax, a. [-eb; -EST.] [Lit laxus.]
soft.
2. Of
1. Not tense; flabby;
3. Easy or iudulgent
loose texture.
4. Havin principle * or discipline.
ing too requent discharges.
Lvx'A-TfVE, a. Hiving rhe quality
n.
A
of loosening the intestiaes.
gentle purgitiva.
Lvx'l-TV, n. Quility of being lax;
slackness; lo^s^ness; openness.
L VX'NESS, n. same as Uixity.
Lay, imp', of Lie.
LAY, V. t. [laid LAYING.] [A -S. hexan.] 1. To c-tuse to lie flat to put
d >wn: to establish. 2 To place in orto make ready.
3. To prepare
der.
4. To spread on a surface.
5. To

a liwu

LAWSUIT,

LfACH,

[-ED; -IN6.] [See inTo wash, as ashes, by causing

fra.]
v. i.
water to pass through them.
To pass through by percolation.
[k-S.leati. See LYE.] Woodn.
ashes, through which water passes,
and thus imbibes the alkali

LEAD

to
To wager
stake to hazard. 7. To bring forth,
9. To impose,
as eggs. 8. To apply.
To bring or
o i.
a* a burden.
to

allay.

6.

. 1 A
layer. 2. [A.-S. try, leg'i,
sound, voice.] A sou*. 3.

produce eggs.

stratum
fr.

not

clerical.

tilential disease.

Laz'a-ret',
In. A pest-house for
LXz'A-RET'TO, ( diseased persons.
;

also,

a hospital for quarantine.

Laze,

v.

[See

t.

Lazy.]

To

live in

being lazy

In a lazv manner.
State or quality of

habitual sloth.
[-ER; -est, 112.] [0 H.
Ger.
weary, lazy, fr. lazan, to
leave, cease.]
1. Naturally or habit-

La'zy,

a.
laz,

ually slothful.
sluggish.

Srw. Idle

2.

Moving slowly

indolent

slothful.

[ate.

(leeg'er,) n.

Leak,

1.

confeder-

crack or hole, that

permits a fluid to -jnter or escape.
2. The oozing of a fluid through r,
v. i. [-ED
-ING.]
crack, or hole.
A.-S. leccan, to
[Icel. leka, to drop
wet.] To let any liquor in or out
through a hole or crevice.
Leak/age, n. 1. A leaking quantity that enters or issues by leaking.
2. Allowance for the leaking of cask?
Leak'i-ness, n. State of being leaky
LEAK'Y,a. [-ER -est, 142.] 1. Permitting a fluid to leak in or out. 2.
n.

1. Pitted with
lead, set in l j ad2. Separated by
leads, as the lines of a page.
Lead'en (lel'n), a. 1. Made of lead.

LEXD'EDfled'ed),^. a

Heavy;

dull.

which children

supported

are
beginning to walk.

when
Lead'-pen'cil, n.
An instrument
for drawing, made of black lead.

good qualities
bare
Barren of thoughts.
;

barren.

3.

Slender;

spare; thin; meager;

lank; {jaunt; jejune.

Syx.

n.
That part of flesh which consists of muscle alone.
Condition of
Lean'ness (109), n.

being lean

hence, poverty

want.

A building whose raftn.

lean against another building
or against a wall.
Leap, r. i. [leaped, rarely leapt
LEAPING.] [A.-S. hleapan.] 1. To
spring from the ground; to jump;
Lean'-TO,
ers

to vault.
to

jump;

To make a sudden
3. To manifest
v. t.
1. To pass
2.
To copulate

2.

bound.

joy or vivacity.
over by leaping.

n.
1.
Act of leaping.
Space passed by leaping.

with.

2-

Leaf

[A.-S. leaf, Icel. lavf,

1 One of the principal parts or organs of vegetation. 2.
Something which folds, bends over,

LE AP'-FROG, n. A play among boys.

LEAP'- YEAR, n. Bissextile; every

or otherwise resembles a leaf; as, (a.)

A part of a book containing two
pages, (b.) A side, or part, as of folding-doors, a table, &c. (c.) Avery
thin plate, as of gold.
v. i. [-ED
-ING.] To shoot out leaves. [Hage.
Leaf'aGe, n. Leaves collectively foLeaf'-br'idge, n.
A drawbridge
jiaving a platform on each side.
Leaf'-bDd, n. Rudiment of a young
branch, or a growing point covered
with rudimentary leaves.
[leaves.
Le af'i-ness, n. State of being full of

[LEARNED, or
LEARN (14). V. t.
LEARNT ^LEARNING.] [A.-S. leor-

Leaf'less,

LEARN'ED

(149), n.
Goth, laufs.]

LiAF'LET,
One of the

Leag'uer

idleuess-

Li'ZI-LY, adv.
La'zi-ness, ii.

erate,

by.,

'1

influential.
Lead'ing. n. Lead, or sheets or articles of lead collectively.
LCad'ing-strings, n. -pi. Strings

One of the people,

(15)), a.
in distinction from the clergy sometimes, a man who does not belong to
one of the other learned professions.
LA'ZAR,;i. [From L'iza>us. See Luke
A person infected witn a pesxvi.]

A lazaretto

t.

S. lieilan

LAY'MAN

national compact. 3. [Low Lat. lego,

of Celtic origin.] A measure of dik
tance, equal to three geographical
[-ED
miles,
v. i.
-ing.]
To
unite in a confederacy
to confed-

[led; leading.] [A.1. To show the way to

Apt to disclose secrets tattling.
]
[leaked, sometimes
2.
to conduct or guide
o guide by Lean, v. i.
LEANT, LEANING.] [A.-S. hlinian,
the hand, as a child or animal. 3.
linian.']
1. To deviate from a perTo govern. 4. To precede. 5. To
pendicular position.
2. To incline
pass
to spend.
6. To cause to
v. i.
1. To go before and
in opinion or desire.
3. To bend.
spend
v. t. To cause to lean
show the way. 2. To conduct. 3.
to support or
-est.] [A.-S. Isene.]
rest. a. [-er
To put forth, or exercise, an influ1. Wanting in f.esh.
2. Deficient in
n
Precedence guidance.
ence.

Lead,

most

n.

well-

metal. 2. An article made

of lead; as, (a.) A plummet, (b.)
A thin plate of type-metal, to sepa(e.) A small
rate lines in printing
cylinder of plumbago in pencils (<l.
(pk.) Sheets of lead used as a covering for roofs; hence, a roof so cov[-ED; -ING.] 1. To
v. t.
ered.
cover with lead. 2. To widen, as the
space between lines, by inserting
Jeads.

Lay'er. (4), n. 1. One who, or that

which, lays. 2. Th it which is laid
a course., as of
as, (a.) A stratum
bricks, &c. (b.) A shoot of a planr,
laid under ground for growth.

1.

n. One who, or that which,

leads or conducts
a guide a conductor; a chief; the principal editorial article in a newspaper.
Lead'er-ship, n. Command; guidance lead.
Lead'ing, p. a. Chief; principal;

artists.

LA'ZAR-HOUSE

[A.-S.]

known

2.

Lay figure, a figure made of wood or

cork, in imitation of the human body,
used by

n.

LlaD'ER,

llais,

A species of
[See Laic]

a.
narrative poetr/.
Pertaining to the laity

W.

t.

(led),

calm

v.

LEARNING

247

Quality or state
tiA vV'jl.ess NESS, n.
of being lawless.
1. [V. llan, an open, clear
n.
"place.]

a.
v.

Destitute of leaves.

1.

little

divisions of a

leaf.

2.

compound
[of leaves.

Jeaf.

fourth year, which gives to Pebruary

29 days.

niaii, liornian.]

ideas

To acquire new
2. To

1.

from or concerning.

acquire

skill in

any

thing.

Syn. To teach instruct; inform.

Learn originally had the sense of teach.
;

To
I'.sage has now passed away.
learn is to receive, and to teach is to gire
instruction.
He who is taught learns,
This

who teaches.
1. To receive information.
To gain or receive knowledge.

not he

2.

r. i.

(60), a.

ture and science.

ed with arts

1.

2.

Versed in literaWell acquaint3. Containing

skillful.

or exhibiting learning.

Naples.
LEAF'Y, a. [-ER -EST, 142.] Full Learn'ed-ly, adv. With learning.
LAZ'ZA-RO'Ni, n. pi. [It.]
The poor who live by begging, or League, n. [Lai. ligare, to bind.] LEarn'er, n. One who learns, or is
1. A combination of two or more
who have no permanent habitation.
disposed to learn.
parties for promoting their mutual Learn'ING (lern'ing), n.
LEA, n. [A.-S. leag, Uah.] A mea1. Knowlinterest alliance
coalition.
dow a field.
2. A
edge received by instruction o*
;

OR, do,

wqlf, TOO, tcTok; urn, rue,pull;

,/, o,

silent

c,g,aq/; e, a, hard; As; exist; n as ng; this.

LEASE
.

study.
2.
experience or observation.
lore
Literature
erudition
Syn.
scholarship: science letters. See Lit-

erature.

Lease,

1.

v.
tenure by grant or permission.
[-ei>; -ING.]
[Fr. laisser, to
t.
leave, transmit, from Lat. laxare, to
To grant temporary possesloose.]
sion of to another, for rent to let.
;

LEASE'HOLD,

Held by

a.

n.

lease.

tenure held by lease.

[Lat. laxa (sc. restis), a
n.
rope] 1. A thong of leather, or long
2. (Sporting.) A brace and a
line.

Leash,

half; three creatures.

3.

A band

to

last, lasest, superl.

of lassa, compar. of lijtel, little.] 1.

2.
little beyond others.
Smallest
Of the smallest worth or importance.
adv.
In the smallest or lowest
;

degree.

LEATH'ER.n.

[A.-S. ledher.]

Skin

1.

of an animal dressed for use.

Dressed hides collectively.

2.

hides for use.

Leath'ERN,

[leather.

a.

Leathk'er-y,

Made

or consisting of

Resembling leather

a.

tough.

Leave,

n.
[A.-S. leaf.] 1. Liberty
allowance.
2. A formal
parting of friends farewell.
permission;
license.
Liberty;
Syn.
Leave denotes that lie who obtains it
may decide whether to use it or not; lib;

erty, that all obstructions in the way of

his using it are removed and set aside.

Permission implies a formal consent

given by one who had the right to refuse
License denotes that this consent exit.
tends to a mode of acting for which special permission is required.

LEAVING.] 1. To
To forsake to abandon to relinquish. 3. To suffer to
remain. 4. To give by will to bequeath. 5. To intrust. 6. To refer.
to forbear.
7. To cease from
Syn. To quit; commit; give; desist.
1. To cease; to desist.
v. i.
2.
[Eng. leaf.] To put forth leaves.

[LEFT

depart from

2.

Leav'-EN,

[Fr. levain, fr. lever, to

n.

A mass

of sour dough for

producing fermentation in a larger
quantity. 2. Any thing which makes
a general change in the mass.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To excite fermentaraise.]

1.

tion in.

2.

To

Leav'eiving,

taint to imbue.
n.
That which leav;

ens or makes light.

Leav'ing?.,

[offal.

v. pi. Things left refuse

11.
[O. Fr. lecherre, leckeur.]
given to lewdness.
v. i.
[ED; -ING.] To practice lewdness
to indulge lust.
LECH'ER-OUS, a. Lustful; lewd.
Lech'er-ous-ly, aidv. Lustfully
;

LECH'ER,

A man

lewdly.

[lust.

LECH'ER-Y,

LECTION,
A.,

E,

I,

1.

According

law

to, or relating to,

Lawful, permitted by law. 3. According to the Mosaic dispensation.

LE-gXl'I-TY n. State of being legal
conformity to law.
[L. Lat.
2.

manuscript or book.

Lec'tion-a-ry,

The Roman Cath-

n.

olic service-book.

(lekt'yur, 53), n.
LE'GAL-iZE v.t. [ED; -ING] To
1.
legere, to read.]
make lawful.
[lawfully
formal discourse on any subject. 2.
According to law
[-El>; LE'GAL-LY, adv.
formal reproof, v.- t.
-ING.] 1. To instruct by discourses. LEG'ATE. n. [Lat. legalus, fr. legare,
to send with a commission.] An emto re2. To instruct authoritatively
bassador or envoy.
1. To read or deliver
prove.
v. i.
a formal discourse. 2. To practice Leg'a-tee', n. One to whom a legacy is bequeathed.
reading lectures for instruction.
Legt'ur-er, n. One who reads or LEG'ATE-sniP, n. Office of a legate.
[urer. LEG'A-TINE,. Pertaining to a legate.
pronounces lectures.
Lect'ure-shiP, v. Office of a lect- LE-GA'TION,n. 1 'J he sending forth
of a legate. 2. An euvoy, and the
LEC'TURN, n. [Lat. lectrinum, lertpersous associated with him. 3. Ofrum, fr. legere. to read.] A readingficial residence of a diplomatic mindesk, in churches.
i<ter Hta foreign court.
[a legacy.
Led, imp. p. p. of Lead.
One who bequeathes
Ledge,?i. [A.-S. bicgan, liggan, to LEG'A-TOR', n
[CoUoq.]
Flight.
1. A shelf, or that which re- LEG'- BAIL, n.
lie.]
To give leg-hail, to escape from cus2. A ridge of rocks
sembles one.
tody and run away.
near the surface of the sea. 3.
Le'gend. or LEg'end, v. [Fr. ; Lat.
small molding.
Ugtndus. to be read, fr. legere, to
LedG'er, n. [A.-S. Ifgrr, a lying
1. A register of the lives of
read.]
down, a couch.] A bock in which a
remarkable story
saints.
2. Any
summary of accounts is laid up or
from earl* times or,
[LINE.
handed
down
preserved.
3.
motto
less exactly, any story.
See LegerLedg'er-line, n.
inscribed.
Lee, n. 1. (pi. LEEfj.) [Lat. levare,
Sediment, dregs. Leg'end-a-ry (110), a. Consisting
to lift up, raise.]
of legends; stranae fabulous.
2. [A.-S. hleo,ldeoiv, shelter, refuge.]
A place defended from the wind; Leg'ER-de-MAIN', n. [Fr. leger,
which
the
wind
light, nimble, de, of, and main,
toward
hence, side
hand.]
A trick performed with
Pertaining to the side
blows.
a.
adroituess sleight of hand.
against
which
the
opposite to that
Leg'er Line. (Mus.) A line added
wind blows.
above or below the staff to extend its
LEECH, n. [A.-S. Isece, le.ee, physician,

from

lectura,

One who
Leath'er-dress'er, n
dresses leather; one who prepares

t.

difference in copies of

&

tie any thing.

Least, a. [A.-S.

V.

to read.]

Legt'ure

letting of lands or
tenements to another for hire. 2.
3. Any
Contract for such letting.

n.

granted

LEGITIMATE

248

Knowledge acquired by

n.
Free indulgence of
n. [Lat. lectio, from legere

1. A doctor of medicine; a
physician.
2. An aquatic sucking
blood-sucker.
v. t. 1. To
heal. 2. To bleed by the use of leeches.
LEEK, n. [A.-S. ledc] A plant having succulent and edible leaves.
Leer, v. ?'. [-ed -ing.] To look
11.
[A.-S. hleor, /dear,
obliquely.
1. An oblique view.
cheek, face.]
2. An affected cast of countenance.
Lees,}?. See Lee.
Lee'Vard (or lu/ard), a. Pertaining
to, or in the direction of, the part
adv.
toward which the wind blows.
Toward the lee.
Lee'way, n. Lateral movement of a
ship to the leeward of her course.
a.
Left, imp. & p. p. of Leave.
[Prob. allied to O. Sax. l?f, weak, infirm.] On the side of the part opposed
n. 1. Side
to the right of the body.
opposite to the right. 2. (Ligis'alive Bodies.) Left side of the speaker's chair, where the opposition usu-

leech.]

worm a
;

compass.

LEGGjED

ally sits.

Left'-hand'ed,

Having the left

strong and dexterous
a.

n.

leg.

Leg'I-b!l'i-TY,h.

LEG'I-BLE,
legtrt, to

[in

Having

(60), a.

LEG'GIN,
Leg'GING,

composition.
legs
used
for
the
;

cover

[being legible.
Quality orstateof

[Lat. hgibilis, from

a.
Capable of being
read.]

read, discovered, or understood.

So as to be read.

Leg'i-bly, adv.

LE'GION

[Lat. legio, fr.

(le'jun), n.
1. (Rom. Antiq.)
legere, to collect.]

body of infantry, consisting of

from three to five thousand men. 2.
3 A multitude.
Relating to, or
a.
a legion, or legions.
Leg'is-late, v.i. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.
Ux, I'gis, law, and ferre, latvm, to
bear, propose.] To enact laws.
LeG'IS-la'tion, n. Act of legislating, or enacting laws.
LeG'is-la'Tive,**. Pertaining to the

military force.

Le'gion-a-RY,
cons-isiing of,

enactment of laws.

Leg'is-la'tor, n. A lawgiver one

who makes laws for a state.
Leg'is-lat'ure (-lat'yur, 53),. The
;

body of men in a state that make

and repeal the laws.
of an Le-git'I-MA-CY, 11. 1. Accordance
2.
animal supporting the body.
with law. 2. Lawfulness of birth.
4. LogThat which resembles a leg in form
3. Genuineness, or reality.
or use.
ical validity.
Leg'A-CY, n. [Lat. Ugatum : hgare, LE-GlT'l-MATE(45),a. 1. Accordant
A gift, by
to bequeath as a legacy.]
with law. 2. Lawfully begotten. 3.
Following by
4.
will, of personal property a bequest.
Genuine; real.
"
Le'GAL, a. [Lat. legalis ; lex, law
logical or natural sequence.

hand more
than the

LEG,

n.

right.

[Icel. leggr.]

1.

Limb

b,V,f, long; X,,I, 6, U, , short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL, tE1I PIQUE, FIRM

;

CI!


LEGITIMATE
e-It'i-mate,

law]

v.

[-ed

t.

-ing.]

-matum, fr. Lat.

To make lawful to

1.

legalize.
2. To render legitimate.
L^-GIT'I-MATE-LY, adv. Lawfully;

genuinely^
LE-git'i-jia'tion, n.

Act of render-

ing legitimate.

Same

Le-

as

pod

splitting into

Fruit of plants

2. pi.

of the pea kind

LE-GU'MI-NOUS,

pulse.

Pertaining to, or

a.

V. t
Isetun.]

on account

consisting of, pulse.

(le'zhurl.n. [Fr. ;Lat. licere,
to be permitted.] 1. Freedom from
occupation or business vacant time.

1.

to
to permit
to allow
suffer.
2. To grant use for a compensation; to lease. 3. [A.-S. letian,
lettan, fr. lat, late.]
To retard to
n.
A hindrance impedihinder.

restraint

used for magnifying

ment

other-

or

[LET; LETTING.] [A.-S.

To give leave; to withhold

LET,

[Lat. lens,

n.

lentil,

of the resemblance
of shape.] A glass
with two opposite
surfaces,
regular

Lent,

n. [A.-S. lengten, lencten, perh fr.

Lenses.
lencgan, to lengthen,
because at this season the days
lengthen.] A fast of forty days, be.

ginning with Ash Wednesday and

continuing tiL Easter.
Llnt'jen, a. Pertaining to Lent;
used in Lent hence, spare, plain.

delay.

Letch, v.
Le'THAL,

wise modifying vision.

Le-git'i-mi'st, n.
An adherent of
divine or hereditary rights.
Leg'ume, or Le-gume', n.
[Lat.

Ugumen.) 1.
two valves.

Lens,

objects,

Le-git'1-ma-tist, n.
gitimist.

LEVEL

249

[L. Lat. legitimare ,

lex,

Leach.

See

t.

[Lat. lethalis; lethun\

a.

Deadly

death.]

fatal.

Le-THAR'GIC,
Le-THar'GIC-AL,
sy.

a.

Given

1.

lethargy drowPertaining to lethargy.

2.

LETH'AR-GY,n.

[Gr. k-qOapyia

Atj-

1. Morbid drowflapyos, forgetful.]

siness.
2. Dullness ; inaction.

LE'THE,

n.

[Gr.

lorgetfulness.]

Ar)6r),

1.
Gr. Myth.) Ohe of the rivers of
Len-tic'U-LAR, a. [Lat. lenticularis.
hell, which caused forgetfulness to
those who drank of it. 2. Oblivion
See Lens.] 1. Resembling a lentil
[ness.
in size or form
2. Having the form
a draught of oblivion.
2. Convenient opportunity.
LE-THE'AN, a. Inducing forgetfulLei'sure-ly (15'zhur-), a. Deliberate
of a double convex lens.
adv. In a deliberate man- LEN'TIL, 7). [Lat. lenticula, dim. of LE-THIF'ER-OUS, a.
[Lat. lellufer
slow.
lens, lentil.]
lethiirn, death, and ferre, to bear]
A leguminous weed,
ner slowly.
the seed of which is used for food.
Deadly briuging destruction.
LEM'mA. n.; Lat. pi. zem'ma-ta ,
Eng.pl. leji'mas [Gr. Xiju.fj.a., any Le'O-NINE, a. [Lat. leoninus ; leo, LET'TER, n. [Lat. littera, litem.] 1.
lion] Belonging to, or like, a lion.
An alphabetic character. 2. A writthing received, an assumption.] An
ten message
auxiliary proposition demonstrated Leop'ard
(hp / an epistle. 3. The
ard), n.
literal statement.
4.
[Gr.
A printing
for use in the demonstration of some
type, or type collectively. 5. pi.
other proposition.
A.eo7rap6o?,
from
Learning; erudition.
LEM'ON, n. [Turk, limtin. Ar. laimAeW, lion, and
v. t. [-ED
1. A roundish acid fruit re-ING.] To impress or form letters on.
irdpSos, pard.] A
ftn.]
2. The tree
Let'ter.ed, a. 1. Educated. 2. Besembling the orange.
carnivorous

LEI'SURE

mammal

that, produces lemons.

LEM'ON-ade',

Lemon-juice and

n.

water sweetened.

Lend,

i\

[lent lending.]

t.

[A.-

1. To grant for tempoIwnan.]

to loan. 2. To afford to
rary use

S.

furnish.
3.
pensation.

Lend'er,
cially,

n.

To

let for hire or

One who

lends; espe-

lending money.

Length,

n.
[A.-S. lengdh, fr. lang,
long.] 1. Longest measure of any ob2. A superficial measure. 3.

ject.

determined portion of time long con;

4. Detail or amplification.

Lengthen, t.

t.

[-ed; -ing.]

1.

To extend in length to make longer.

To protract. 3. To draw out in
To grow
pronunciation.
v. i.
;

2.

[of the length.

longer.

Lep'er,

ing length very long prolix.

Le'ni-ence, )n.
Lenity; clemenLe'ni-en-cy, / cy.
LE'NI-ENT, a. [Lat. leniens, soften:

ing, fr. lenis, soft.]

1. Softening;
mitigating. 2. Mild clement merciful.
n.
That which assuages;
an emollient.
Le'ni-ent-ly, adv.
In a lenient
;

manner.
Len'i-tive,

Softening or mitigating pain emollient.

n. A medicine or application that eases pain.
LEN'i-ty, n. [Lat. Imitas; lenis, soft,
mild.] Mildness of temper; gentleness of treatment.
Syn.
Gentleness: kindness: tenderhumanity clemency.
ness softness
a.

OR, DO,

[Lat.

Pertaining

n.

v.

1.

t.

smaller in bulk,
ber,

&c.

2.

To make

size,

less

or

quantity, numin quality

iu diguity.
decrease lower

To diminish
3. To reduce

or degree.
Syn. To abate

impair; degrade.

*..
less;

[-ED
-TNG.]
to be diminished
;

to decrease.
;
a.
[A.-S. lassa, Idsse, for
lasre.
See Less, a.] Less;

lasra,
smaller.

LES'SON(les'n), n. [Fr. le$on,Lnt. lectio.] 1. Any thing read or recited to a

2. That which is learned.
portion of Scripture read in divine service. 4. Reproof; rebuke.

teacher.

LES'sor. n. One who leases.

LEST, conj. [A.-S. last, leastly. See
Least.1 That not for fear that.
;

E,

I,

Furnished

3.

matter, in distinction from plates or

engravings.

Let'tuce

(let'tis),

[Lat. lactuca,

77.

milk, on account of its milky

A plant, the leaves of which
are used as salad.
Le'vajnt, a. Eastern.
Le-VANT', n. [Fr. levant, fromlever,
to l-aise.] The countries which are
washed by the eastern part of the
Mediterranean.
Le-vant'er, n. A strong easterly
wind in the Mediterranean.
Le-vant'Tne, or Lev'ant-ine, a.
Pertaining or belonging to the Levant.
n.
1. A native of the Levant. 2. A kind of silk cloth.
juice.]

LEV'EE,

n.

raise.]
;

[Fr. levee,

o, silent; c, G, soft;

from

lever, to

morning assembly of

also,

a miscellaneous gath-

1.

visitors

ering of guests, usually in the even2. A bauk along a river, to

prevent inundation.
2. Horifiat.
a.
1 Even
zontal.
3. Even with anything else.
v. t.
4. Equal in rank or degree.

ing.

To become! LEVEL,

LESS/ER.

3.

longing to learning.

or marked with letters.

LET'TER-ING, n. 1. Act of impressing ktters. 2. The letters impressed.
Let'TER-PRESS, n. Print; reading

fr. lar,

[See Leper.] A cutaneous disease with scaly spots,

usually of a white color.
LEP'ROUS, a. Infected with leprosy.
Le'sion, n. [Lat. Ixsio, fr. Ixdere, to
hurt.] A hurt an injury a wound.
LESS, a. [A.-S. lassa, m., Idsse, Land
neut., for lasra, lasre.] Smaller; not
adv. Not so much in
so great.
a smaller degree.
n. 1.
smaller
portion. 2. The inferior or younger.
Les-see', n. One to whom a lease is
given.

Lkp'ro-sy,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK URN, RUE, pyLL

J

leporinus; lepus, hare.]

to, or like, a hare.

LENGTH'WISE, ad. v. In the direction

Length'y, a. [-er; -est, 142.] Hav- Less'bn,
;

[Gr. AeVpa, leprosy, fr.

person affected

n.

Xenpos, scaly.]
with leprosy.

com- LEP'0-RlNE,or LEP'o-RlNE,a.

one who makes a business of

tinuance.

Leopard,
of a yellow color, with black spots along the
back and sides.

[-KD.-ING; or -LED, -LING, 137.]

To make even. 2. To make horizontal.

3. To reduce or bring to the
same height with something

else
to
lay flat. 4. To reduce to equality of
condition. 5. To point, in taking
aim.
n.
[A.-S. Lrfel, fr. Lat. li;

bella,
1.

dim. of

libra,

line or plane,

allel to

balance,

level.]

everywhere par-

the surface of

,G,hard; AS] EIST; n

still

as

water.

NG

2.

THIS.

LEVELER
A smooth

or a horizontal line or sur-

Equal elevation with some-

face.

3.

thing

else.

Line of direction in
which a weapon is aimed. 5. An infitrument by which to find a horizontal liue. 6. Rule plan scheme
4.

Lv'EL-ER, In. 1. One who levels. 2.

Lev'el-ler, (One who would destroy
and reduce

distinctions,

L1BRATIOS

250

to equality.

Lewis

(lu'is),

LEWIS-SON,

An

n.

tenets in politics or religion

iron

ing, or

clamp dove-tailed into

Syn.

a large stone to
by-

born,

lift it

In.

Pertaining to a lexicon, or to
lexicogrnphy.
-

icography.

Lex'i-cog'ra phy,

n.

exert a pressure, or sustain

a weight, at one point of

LEX'I-ON,

length.

Mechanical!
(110), n.
advantage gained by the use of a
[Ileb. livyathan

n.

.]

large sea-animal, described in Job

xli. and thought to be the whale.
Lev'i-gate, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
levigare, -gatu?n ; lev is, smooth.] L.
To grind to a fine powder. 2. To
[of levigating.
polish.
LEv'I-GA'TION, n. Act or operation
Le'VITE, n. (Jewish Hist.) One of
the tribe of Levi employed in duties
;

[vitcs.
connected with the temple.
LE-VIT'ie-AL, a. Relating to the Le-

Lcritical degrees, degrees of relation-

ship within which marriage is forbidden.

Liiv'l-TY, n.
[Lat. levitas; levis,
1. Want of weight
light in weight. J
in a body lightness. 2. Buoyancy
hence, frivolity vanity.
3. Want
;

of seriousness.

Syn. Inconstancy; thoughtlessness;

unsteadiness inconsideration volatil;

Levity, volatility, and

ity; flightiness.
fightiness relate to outward conduct.
Levity springs from a lightness of mind
which produces a disregard of the proprieties of time and place.
Volatility
is a degree of levity which causes the
thoughts to fly from one object to anoth-

without resting on any for a moment.

is volatility carried to an extreme which often betrays its subject
into gross impropriety or weakness.
er,

Flightiness

Lev'y,

r.

t.

[-ed

-ing, 142.]

[Fr.

fewr.] 1. To raise; to collect;

said of troops.
2. To raise or collect
by assessment.
n.
1. Act of levying or taking by authority or force
for public service, as troops, taxes,

&c. 2. That which is levied. 3. A

small coin, or its value, being 12
cents.
[Local.
liEWD (lud), a.

Awr.]
[-er:-est.]

[A.-S.

unchaste

dissolute
sensual;
lascivious ; lecherous.

profligate

Lewd'ly (lud'ly), adv. Lustfully.

Lewd'ness (lud'nes), n. Unlawful
indulgence of lust
A, E,

6v),

fr.

I,

/3./3Ai-

A dictionary

Aeis, speech.]

(li'dn- or la'dn-),
Ley'djbn-phi'AL ]
n.
A glass jar
inused to accumulate electricity
vented in Li-y ten.
Ll'A-BlL'I-TY, n. 1. State of being
responsibility. 2.
liable or bound
I

Tendency. 3. pi. That which one

under obligation to pay debts.
Ll'A-BLE, a. [From Lat. ligare,

is

Obd^ed

answerable.

2.

with reference to

to

law or equity
Exposed
used

in

lasciviousnese.

[-ed; -ing.]
LTb'er-al-ize, t-. t.
To render liberal to free from narviews
row
or prejudices.
L'lB'ER-AL-LY, adv. In a liberal man'

ner

generously

freely

LlR'ER-ATE,

-ING.] [Lat.
V. t. [-ED
-ratum ; liber, free.] To release from restraint or bondage.
LTb'er-a'tion, n. Act cf delivering,
or state of being delivered, from re]

liberare,

straint.

bind.]

a word-book.

LTb'er-a'tor, n. One who liberates.

LiB'ER-TlNE, ii. [Lat. libertinus ; liber, free.]
One who leads a dissolute, licentious life

evils.

a rake

a deb-

a. Dissolute; licentious.
auchee.
Syn. Subject.Liable denotes someConduct of a libthing external which may befall us sub- LlB'ER-TIN-i^M, n
.

ject refers to evils which arise chiefly

from internal necessity, and are likely to
do so. Hence the former applies more
to what is accidental, the latter to things
from which we often or inevitably suffer.

Liaison (le'a

[Fr., from
zong'), n.
Lat. ligare, to bind.] A Sfcret, illicit,

man and woman.

intimacy between a
Ll'AR, n. [Eng. lie.]

One who knowone who lies.

Ll-BA'TION, n. [Lat. libatio ; libare, to
pour out as an offering.] An offering of wine in honor of some deity.
LI'3EL, n. [Lat. libellus ; dim. of liber,
a book libellus famosus. a defamatory book or pamphlet.] 1. A pubingly utters falsehoo

written
lished defamation.
2. A
dtclaration by a plaintiff of his cause
of action, and of the relief he seeks.
v.l. [-ED, -ING or -LED. -LING,

licentiousness.
ertine debauchery
[Lat. libertas; liber,
L'lB'ER-TYr n.
free.] 1. Ability to do as one pleases
2.
Perfreedom from restraint.
mission granted leave. 3. Privilege
4. Place within which
immunity.
certain privileges areenjojed. [Eng.]
:

1 To defame, or expose to pub]

contempt. 2. To proceed against by
filing a libel, as against a ship oi

13f

tinct in

some oftheir application s. Liberty

has reference to previous restraint, freedom to the simple, spontaneous exercise

of our powers. A slave is set at liberty;
his master had always been in a state of
freedom. A prisoner under trial may
ask liberty (exemption from restraint;
to speak his sentiments with freedom
(the spontaneous and bold utterance of
his feelings).

[Lat. libidinosus ;
Li-bid'i-noC'S, a.
Eager for
libido, pleasure, lust.]
sexual indulgence.

Syn. Lewd

lic

centious

goods.
\

One who

n.

a.

[Lat. liberalis

lascivious

li-

The balance the

;

LI-BRA'RI-AN,

[Lat. librarivs,
n.
bookseiier, liber, book.]
One who
has the care of a library.
LI'BRA-RY, n. [Lat. I ibrarium, book2.
1. A collection of books.
case.]

LlB'ER-AL,

lustful

[Lat.]

seventh ign in the zodiac.

insti-

tutes a suit in an ecadmiralty court.

Li'bel-er,
ii.
One who libels or
Ll'BEL LER,
defames.
Ll'BEL-oBs, {a. Relating to a libel:
defamatory
Ll'BEL-LOfJS.
J

lecherous.

Ll'BRA,n.

LI'bel-ant,
LI'BEL-LANT,

Liberty and freeSyn. Freedom.

dom, though often interchanged, are dis-

clesiastical or

tewed, lewd, belonging to the laity.]

1. Eager for sexual indulgence.
2.
Proceeding from unlawful lust.
Syn. T/Ustful
libidinous
licentious

n.
1. Munificence;
bounty. 2. A donation a gratuity.
mind
candor im3. Largeness of

partiality^

Ley'DN-JAR

lever.

Liberal principles

or feelings.

[Gr. Aeucoi/ (sc.

n.

greater freepolitics or religion.

LhVer-al'1-ty,

cation of words.

LEV'er-age

Le-vi'a-THAN,

Art of com-

n.

Lex'i-^ol'o-gy, v. [Gr. Aeuc6s, relating to words, and Aoyos, discourse.]

Science of the derivation and signifiits

The
feel-

One who advocates

dom, especially in
LlB'ER-AL-TgM, n.

posing dictionaries.

free-

high-born.

opposed to the ordinary

is

n.
[Fr. levier, fr.
lever, to raise ]
bar used to

is

is

LEX'l-GOG'RA-PHER,

1.

or

and generous

evine-

spirit.

ings of a servile state, and implies largeness of spirit in giving, judging, acting,
&c. The latter expresses that nobleness
of soul which is peculiarly appropriate
to those of high rank
a spirit that goes
out of self, and finds its enjoyment in
consulting the feelings and happiness of
others.
Generosity is measured by the
extent of the sacrifices it makes liherality, by the warmth of feeling which it
manifests.

LEx'l-AL,a.

Le'ver,
Lev'er,

former

Lewis
n. [Ul-.Aefi/coypc^osj
Reduction of
\et<6v, dictioun.ry, and ypa</>eiv, to
LeVel-LING, uneven surfaces to a
write ] Autaor or compiler of a diclevel.
2. Operation of ascertaining
tionary.
the differences of level between different points of the earth's surface in- Lex'I-co-graph'ic,
a. PertainLex'i-co-graph'ic-al, ) ing to lexcluded in a survey.

Iev'el-ING,

caused by such a

Generous. Liberal

liber,

An

edifice or an apartment for a collection of books.

Bestowing with a free Ll'BRATE, v. t. [-Ei>;-ING.] [Lat.

librare, -brat um ; libra, a balance.]
hand. 2. Not narrow or contracted
v. i. To osTo poise to balance.
in mind
catholic.
3. Bestowed
to be poised.
cillate
with a free hand not confined or restricted. 4. Not bound by established Ll-BRA'TION, n. 1. Act of balancing
free

1.

5,U, Y,long; X,E,I,0,U, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL, SS1; PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

.;
;

LIBKATORY
equipoise.

2. (Astron.)

belong

real or apparent Ubratory motion, like that of

pi.

To

to

raise; to elevate.

To

2.

exalt;

n.

To lodge

6.

to improve in estimation or rank.

7- To be capable of being
3. To elate.
4. To remove by stealmaintained.
v. i. 1. To try to raise someing.
To lay. Lay is a transitive
Syn.
verb, and has for its preterit laid ; as, he
thing heavy. 2. To rise; to seem to
told me to lay it down, and I laid it
rise.
n. 1. Act of lifting. 2. That
down. Lie is intransitive, and has for
which is to be lifted. 3. Assistance
its preterit lay; as, he told me to lie
in lifting. 4. An elevator a lifter.
down, and I lay down. Some persons
blunder by using laid for the preterit of LlG'A-MENT, n. [Lat. ligamentum
lie ; as, he told me to lie down, and I laid
ligare, to bind.]
1. Any thing that
down. So persons often say, the ship
ties or unites
a bond. 2. A strong
laid at anchor; they laid by during the
substance, serving to bind one bone
storm the book laid on the shelf, &c.
It is only necessary to remember, in all
to another.
such cases, that laid is the preterit of lay, Lig'A-ment'al, ) a. Of the nature

Li'BRA-TO-RY (50), a.
Balancing
moving like a balance.
LI-BRET'TO, n. ; pi. LI-BRET'TOS.
[It.]
A book containing the words
of an opera, or the words themselves.
Zk'E,

to consist.

sleep.

balance.

fi

LIGHT-INFANTRY

251

of Louse.

Li' 'ENSE, n.
[Lat. Ucentia, fr. licere,
to be permitted.]
1.
Authority
given to do or forbear any act. 2.
t

Document by which a permission is

conferred. 3. Excess of liberty exorbitant freedom.
v.
t.
[-ED;
;

and not of

lie.
Lig'a-ment'ous, j of, or composSee
To permit by grant of au- Lief, adv. [A.-S. leof, dear.
ing, a ligament.
Love.] Gladly; willingly; freely; Li-ga'tion, n.
thority.
2. To tolerate; to permit.
[Lat. ligatio.]
1.
used in the phrase, " had as lief."
Ll'^EN-SEE', n. One to whom a liAct of binding, or state of being
[Prob. fr. Ger. ledig, free
cense is given,
bound. 2. Bond; ligature.
[mission. Liege, a.
from bonds.] 1. Bound by a feudal LlG'A-TURE (53), n. [Lat. ligatura
Ll'CEXS-ER, n. One who grants pertenure subject. 2. Sovereign.
n.
Ll-EN'TI-ATE (95), n. One who has
ligare, to bind.] 1. A band or band1. One who owes allegiance
a vas_a Ucense to exercise a profession.
age. 2. Act of binding. 3. State of
sal.
2. A lord or superior.
Ll-CEN'Tlotfs, a. 1. Using license inbeing bound. 4. A line connecting
[Lat. ligadulging excessive freedom. 2. Unre- Ll'EN (13'en or li'en), n.
notes. 5. A type consisting of two
mtn; ligare, to bind.]
A legal _or more letters united.
strained by law or morality
dissoclaim a charge on property to satis- LIGHT (lit), n. [A.-S. leoht, lyht.] 1.
lute.
fy some debt.
Ll-CEN'TIOUS-LY, adv.
That agent or force by the action of
In a licenLlEU(lu),. [Fr.,fr.Lat. locus, place.]
tious manner dissolutely.
which objects are rendered visible.
Room; stead.
Li-cen'tious-ness, n.
2. That which gives light, or renders
State of be-

-ING:]

1.

ing licentious

Ll'CHEN
\eixrjv.]

Lieu-ten'an-CY

dissoluteness.
(li'ken or lichen), n.
[Gr.
cellular, flowerless
1.
;

fice

A cutaneous

2.

A blow a stroke. (Coltoq.) 2.

place where salt is deposited from
springs, resorted to
by animals.
1.

(lu- or lef-),

[Fr.,

n.

and tenant,

holding.]
1. An officer who supplies the place
of a superior in his absence.
2. (a.)
A commissioned officer in the army,
next below a captain.
(b.) A commissioned officer in the nav)-, next
fr. lieu,

eruption.
LICK, v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. liccian.] 1. To draw the tongue over.
2. To lop
to take in by the tongue.
3. To flog; to beat; to whip.
n.
plant.

(la- or lef-), n.
Ofor commission of a lieutenant.

Lieu-ten'ant

place,

below a commander.

3. Manner of living
conduct.
4.
tion.
[Low.]
[site.
[Low.]
Animation vivacity. 5. A human
Lie K'-SPIT'TLE ,n.
An abject parabeing.
6. Biographical narration.
LYe'o-RiCE, n. [Gr.y\vKvppia; y\v7. Happiness in the favor of God.
Kvs, sweet, and pia, root.]
A plant
The
1.
the root of which abounds with a LlFE'-BLOOD (-blUd), n.
blood necessary to life. 2. That which
sweet juice, from which a dark-col;

gives strength

LID,

[A.-S. /did, hlidan, to cover.]

n.

A cover of a vessel or box. 2.

Cover of the e e e\ elid.
Lie, n. 1. An intentional violation of
truth.
2. Any thing which mis- LlFE'LESS,
;

leads or disappoints.
Stx.
Untruth; falsehood.
man
may state what is untrue from ignorance
or misconception; but to say he lirs is
dishonor,
to charge him with the highest
Hence, the word tmtruth is sometimes
used as a softened expression when we
do not wish to make the charge of lying
in the grossest form.

and energy.

n.
A boat constructed
lor preserving lives i:i cases of shipwreck or other disaster.
LIFE'-es-tate', n. An estate during the life of the possessor.
Life '-guard, n. A body-guard.

LlFEf-BOAT,

1.

a.

1.

Dead

deprived or
of

destitute of life.
2. Destitute
power, vigor, or spirit.

Syn. Dead

inanimate

dull.

In

lifeless denotes a want of

inanimate, a want of expression as to any feeling that may be
possessed; dull impVcs a torpor of soul

a moral sense,
vital

energy

which cheeks

s-11

&c.

Enlightenment instruction

3.

information.
5.

One who

[-ER

mental activity; dead

noteworthy.

is

Point of view, or

4-

which any thing

position in

seen.

is

a.

1.

Not dark or obscure

White or whitish. 3. [A.leoht, Wit.]
Having little
not heavy.
4. Easy to be

-EST.]

bright. 2.
S.

liht,

weight

lifted or

LlEU-TfiN'ANT-SHlP (15- or lef-), n.

The same as LrEUTENANCY.
[Western States.]
Lieve, a. Same as Lief.
Lick'er-ish a.
1.
[Cf. Lecher.]
Life,
n. ; pi. lives.
See
[A.-S. I'.f.
Dainty.
2.
Eager to swallow or
LIVE.]
1. Animate existence; vitaste.
3. Tempting the appetite.
tality.
2.
Present
state
of
existence.
LfCK'lNG, n.
A flogging or castiga-

ored extract is obtained.

Ll'e'TOR, n. [Lat.] (Rom. Ant iq.) An
officer who bore an ax and fasces.

objects distinct, as the sun, a candle,

'

performed, &c.

nimble.

6.

Slight

5.
trifling.

Active
7.

Not

Inconsiderate;

violent; moderate. 8.
volatile. 9. Trifling; gay; airy. 10.

AVanton

[-ED
uuchaste.
v. t.
(sometimes, but less properly, LIT)
-ING.]

1.

To give

To

set fire to

to kindle.

3. To attend or
light.
v. i.
[A.-S.
llhtan, to raise, lighten, alihtan, to

2.

light to

conduct with a

1. To happen to find
to
To stoop from flight. 3. To

leap out.]
2.

fall.

alight.

Lighten
1.

(lit'n), v. i.

[-ed

-ing.]

To burst forth or dart, as lightto flash.

2. To grow lighter.
v. t.
1. To make light or clear:

ning

to illuminate to enlighten. 2. To
illuminate with knowledge. 3. To free
from trouble and fill with joy. 4. [A.;

S. Vikta-ii, to lift, geUhtan, to alleviate.] To make lighter, or less heavy.

5. To make less burdensome or afflictive.
6. To cheer ; to exhilarate.

Light'er

(llt'er),

n.

1.

One who

lights.
2.
A large, open boat or
barge, used in lightening or unloading ships.

supposes a destitution of feeling.

Light'er-man (lit-'- 150), n. A mai
[lied; lying.] [0. Life'less-LY, adv.
In a lifeless
who manages a lighter a boatman
To utter
manner.
Light'-head'ed (lit'-), a. 1. Dizzy;
Eng. lee, A.-S. leogan.]
falsehood with an intention to de- Life'-pre-serv'er, n. An apparadelirious.
volatile.
2. Thoughtless
tus for preserving life in cases of Light'-HOUSE (lit''-), n.
lain; lying.]
ceive.
2. [lay;
A tower

v.

i.

1.

lA.-S. licgan, ligean, liggan, Goth.

Ugan, Icel. liggia.] To be in a hori.
zontal position, or nearly so. 3. To
5. To
be situated,
4. To remain.

or, do,

shipwreck.

Life '-time,
LIFT,

v.

E,

Duration of

'[-ED;

1.

Ger. btjlan,

wolf, too, TOOK.; URN, rue, pull

n.

'

fr.

-ING.]

Goth, luftus,

I, O- silent

life.

[0.

H.

air.]

1.

9, g, soft;

with a powerful light at top, to serve

as a guide to mariners at night.
Light'-in'fant-ry (lit'-),-/*. Troops
trained for rapid evolutiois.

,5,hard; As; exist;

n.

as

NG

T-His

LIGHTLY
Light'EY

LlGHT'NING-ROD(lhV-),M. A

metallic

rod erected to protect buildings from

lightning.

Lungs

ness.]

[From

(Hts), n. pi.

LiGHT'soME
LlG'NE-OUS,

their light-

of brute animals.

(llt'sum), a. Luminous.
a. [Lat. ligneus, from lig-

num, wood.] Made

of,

orresembling,

wood woody.
LYg'ni-form, a. [Lat. lignum, wood,
and forma, form.] Resembling wood.
;

[-ED
LlG'NI-FY, V. t.
-ING, 142.]
[Lat. lignum, wood, and facere, to
make.] To change into wood.
v. i.
To become wood.

member

of something else.
4. Border or edge of the disk of the
sun or moon.
part or

Member. A

Syjjc .

LIGHTS

member of the

body is any part capable of performing

a distinct office, as the eye, ear, &c; a
limb (as shown above) is one of the extremities; hence the term is restricted
to the legs and arms. So, in reference to
public bodies, we speak of their wnfters,
though an attorney is sometimes sportively called a " limb of the law."

v.t.
1. To supply with limbs. 2.
To tear off the limbs of.
Lim'ber, a. [Eng. limp, a.] Easily

bent; flexible; pliant.

v. t. [-ED;
-ING.] To attach to a limber.
n.

Forward part of a

Lim'bo,

n.

Lig'n'ine, n. An essential constituent of the woody fiber in plants.

LYg'NITE, n. Mineral coal retaining
the texture of the original wood.
LIg'num- Vi> tje, n. [Lat. wood of
life] A tree and its very hard wood,
which is used for various purposes.
[-er -est.]
[A. -3. lie,
Like, a.
gellc, fr. Vic, body, kind, form.]
1.
Equal in quantity quality or degree.
2. Nearly equal similar.
Had like,
had nearly came little short of.
n. 1. A counterpart an exact copy.
2. A liking; inclination.
adv. 1.
In a like manner. 2. In a manner
becoming.
3. Likely
probably.
[-ED; -TNG.]
v. t.
To be pleased
with in a moderate degree to enjoy
v i. 1. To be pleased; to choose.
,

[Lat.

To come near.
LlKE'Ll-ndoD, n.
2.

truth or reality

Appearance of
probability.

LiKE'LY,a. [-er

-est, 142.]

[That

1. Worthy of belief;
probable. 2. Having or giving reason to expect. 3. Of honorable or

is, like-like.)

excellent, qualities.
LIk'EN; v. t. [-ed;

resent as similar

confinement.
n.
1.
[A -S. Vim.] A viscous
substance for catching birds. 2. The
white substance obtained from limestone, &c, by heat.
3. The linden-

Linden.]

4.

[Per. ilmft.]

fruit allied to the lemon.

To

rep-

v.

t.

LlM'IT, n.

[Lat.

limes, limitis.]

Bound, border, or edge.

2.

1.

ble boundaries."

i\

[-ED;

t.

bounds

to.

2.

-ING.]
1
To set
To confine vithin
To define exactlv.

LiM'I.T-A-BLE,

a.

Capable of being

conj.
In like manner;
also moreover too.
Lix/ING, n.
1.
Inclination; pleasure. 2. Appetency.

Confined within limits.

LjlM'it-a'tion, n. 1. Act of bounding.
2. Condition of being limited.
3. Hence, restraining conditions defining circumstances.
LiM'IT-ED, a. Narrow; circumscribed.

Like'wise,
;

Ll'IiAC, n.
[Turk, leilak.]
A wellknown flowering shrub.
LllVl-PU'TlAN, a.
1.
Pertaining to
the imaginary island of Liliput described by Swift, or to its pigmy inhabitants.
2. Hence, diminutive
dwarfed.
[plant and its flower.
LIl/Y, n. [Lat. lilimn.] A bulbous
LlMB(lIm). n. [A.-S. lim ] 1. An extremity of the bodv. 2. Branch of
a tree. 3. Any thing regarded as a
A, E,

l,

o,v, Y,long;

Ajliji', 6,

tt,

n.
[Lat. linea, a linen thread,
string, line.]
1. A slender cord.
2.
An extended stroke. 3. Exterior
limit of a figure: contour; outline.

4.

A row

a continued

series.

5.

short letter a note. 6. Course of

conduct, thought, or occupation. 7.
An established arrangement for forwarding merchandise. 8. The equator. 9. Regular infantry of an army.
10. Twelfth of an inch.
v. t. [-ed
-ING.] 1. To mark out or cover with
line*.
2. To cover the inside of.
;

LI'n'e-age, n.
Race progeny

[Lat. Imea,
descendants.

line.]

LiM'iT-LESs,

Having no

a.

taining to a line consisting of lines;

in a straight direction.
Ljn'en,7?. [A.-S. Vtn, flax, linen, made
of flax.] 1. Thread or cloth made
of .lax or hemp. 2. Under-clothing.
a.
Made of, or resembling, linen.
LlN'ER, n. A vessel belonging to a
regular line of packets.
Ling,??. [From A.-S. lang, long.] A
marine fish, something like the ccd.
LlN'&ER, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-fe.
lengra, compar. of lang, long.] 1.
To delay to loiter. 2. To be in
suspense to hesitate. 3. To remain
long in any state.
To lag; saunter; tarry; stop.
Syn.
Li'N/ciER-ING, n. Tardiness protracProtracted.
tion.
a.
Lin'go, n.
[Lat. lingua,
tongue,
speech.] Language; speech.
;

dis-

tinguishing characteristic. 3. A determinate quantity to which a variable one continually approaches, but
can never go beyond it.
Syn.
Boundary.
A limit is a prescribed termination a boundary is something which faW.sorhemsusin. "Providence," says Johnson, "lias fixed the
limits of human enjoyment by immova-

LlM'IT-A-RY, a.
Placed at the
1.
limit or boundary, as a guard. 2.

resemblance.
son a copy or counterpart.

limited.

to compare.

1.

flexible.

[Gr. Aewas, AeTraSos.]

certain univalve shell
also, a certain fresh-water mollusk.
LlM'PID, a. [Lat. limpidus.] Clear
and transparent, or nearly so.
LlM-PlD'l-TY,
n.
State or quality
LIm'pid-ness, )
of being limpid.
LlM'Y, a. Covered with, containing,
or resembling, lime.
LINCII'PIN, n. [A.-S. lynis, axle-tree.]
A pin to keep a wheel from sliding
off the axle-tree.
LiN'DEN, n. [A.-S. lind.] 1. A handsome tree, common in Europe. 2. In

To smear with a LIN'E-AL (124), a. [Lat. linealis ; linen,

viscous substance. 2. To entangle
line.]
1. Composed of lines.
2. Deto insnare. 3. To manure with lime.
scending in a direct line from an an4. To cement.
cestor; hereditary.
LlME'KlLN (lTm'kTI), n. A kiln in LIn'e-al-ly, adv. In a direct line.
which limestone or shells are burnt LlN'E-A-MENT, n.
[Lat. lintamento make lime.
turn; linea, line.]
The outline;
Lime 'stone, n. A kind of stone
feature; form.
from which lime is obtained.
LiN'E-AR, a.
[Lat. linearis.]
Per-

a.

of limp,
;

1.

State of being like

2. A portrait of a per-

LlKE'NESS,

Lacking stiffness
n.

[-ED; -ING.]

certain bounds. 3.

-ing]

a.

America, the bass-wood.

Lime,

[See

ing.

LiM'PET,

LINE,

limbus,
border,
Limber.
edge.] 1. {Scholastic Theol.)
A region bordering on
hell.
2.
Any place of restraint or

tree.

lamely.

,'

gun-carriage,
to
which the horses
are attached.

LINIMENT
n. A halt; act

252

adv. 1. With little

weight. 2. Without deep impression.
3. Without reason, or for reasons of
little weight.
4. Nimbly
with agility.
5 With levity; without heed.
LIght'ness (llt'nes), n. 1. Want of
weight. 2. Inconstancy
unsteadiness.. 3. Levity
lewdness. 4. Agilnimbleness.
ity
Lightening (llt'ning), n. [For lightening, fr. lighten.] A discharge of
atmospheric electricity, accompanied
by a flash of light.
(llt'ly),

limits

"

Lin/gua-DENT'AE, a. [Lat. lingua,

tongue, and dens, tooth.] Formed
by the tongue and the teeth or gum.
LiN'GUAl, (Hng'gwal),
tongue.]

Lin'guist

boundless.

LlMN

a. [Lat. lingua,
Pertaining to the tongue.
(ling'gwist), n. One skilled

(lim), v t. [-ED -ING.] [Fr. enluminer, to illuminate.] To draw or

paint; especially, to paint in water-

Lin-guist'I,

colors.

Lin-guist'IS, n. sing.

LIm'ner,
trait or

LlMP,
5.

Y, short;

v.

n.
One who limns; a porminiature painter.
[-ED -ING.] [Allied to A.-

?'.

lam, lame.]

To halt;

to

walk

in languages.
tics,

a.

Relating to Unguis,

or to the affinities of languages.

The science

of languages.

LlN'l-MENT,

n.

[Lat.

besmear.]
ointment.
linire, to

cAre, far. ask; ael, what; ere,

veil,,

linimentvm

A species

of soft

TERM;; PIQUE, fTrm; son,

LINING
LINING,
thing.

Unk,

n.
[Icel. kleckr, chain, Ger.
to bend.]
1. A single ring
of a chain. 2. Any thing like a link.
constituent
Any
part of a con3
4.
Length of one
nected series.
joint of Gunter's chain, being 7.92
inches. 5. [Allied to Gr. Au^os, light,
A torch made of tow and
lamp.]
[-ED -INS.] 1. To
v.t.
pitch.
complicate. 2. To connect by means
of something intervening.
Link'boy, n. A boy who carried a
link or torch to light passengers.
LlN-N^'AN, a. Relating to LinnseLlN-NE'AN, J
us, the celebrated naturalist, or to his system of botany.
Lin'net, ?i. [Lat. linum, flax, on the
seeds of which it feeds.] A small
ten ken,

European singing-bird.
Lin'seed, n. [Eng. line,

lint, flax,

Flax-seed.
LlN'SEY-WOOL/SEY, n. 1. Made of
linen and wool. 2. Stuff made of
linen and wool mixed.
LlN'STO-GK, n. [Ger. luntenstock.]
staff to hold a lighted match in firand,<ec/.]

ing cannon.

Lint,

[A.-S. llnet, flax, hemp.] 1.

Linen raveled, or scraped

n.

Flax.

2.

for dressing wounds and sores.

LlN'TEL, n. [Lat. lintellus, from Lat.

limen, threshold.]
A horizontal
piece over a door, window, &c.

Ll'ON, n. [Gr. AeW.]

1.
A carnivorous
in
Asia, and all over
2. A sign
Africa.
in the zodiac. 3.
An object of inter-

Ll'ON-iZE,

v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
To
treart as a lion, or object of interest.
LIP, n. [A.-S. lippa, allied to Lat.
labium.]
1.
The exterior of the
mouth. 2. The edge of any thing.
-v. I. [-PED -PING.] To touch
with the lips hence, to kiss.
LiP'0-GR*AlYI,n. [Gr. AeiVeiv, to omit,
and ypap-pa, letter.] A writing in
which a particular letter is wholly
omitted.
Ll-POTH'Y-MY, n. [Gr. Kntpdv^ia.]
;

a swoon.
(53), n.

2.

1.

Act of melting.

Capacity of being melted. 3. Proof separating an easily fusible

cess

metal from one

says, or history.

Lat. liquidate, -datum.] 1. To make

liquid. _ 2. To settle; to pay.
n.
Act of liquidating, or settling and adjusting debts.
Li-quid'i-ty, n. State of being liquid
fluidity
agreeableness of sound.
LlQ'UOR (luVur), n. [Lat.] 1. Any
liquid substance. 2. Alcoholic or

in respect to the past; a

Liq'UI-da'TION,

spirituous fluid.

Liq'uor-ice
ice.
Lisp, v.

the sound of

1. Operation
n.
2.
dissolving, &c.

ing melted.

2.

th.

[A.-S. wlisp,
To give s

1.

[-ED; -ING,
(-we-), v. t.
[Lat. liquefacere ; liquere, to
142.]
be liquid, and fucere, to make.] To
melt to dissolve to melt by heat
alone.
v. i.
To become liquid.
Li-ques'cen-cy, n. Aptness to melt.
LI-QUEs'9ENT, a. [Lat. liquescens,
;

OR, DO, WOLF, TOO,

is

learning

erudition;

See Science.
one who is versed

man

in the

roan of learning excels

in what is taught in the schools, and has
a wide extent of knowledge, especially
belles-lettres ; a

man of erudition is one who is skilled in the more recondite branches of learned inquiry.

LlTH'ARGE,n.
0os, stone, and

[Gr. \i0dpyvpos ; \.Capyvpos, silver.] Protoxide of lead, produced by exposing

melted lead to a current of air.
Lithe, o. [A.-S. lidhe.] Pliant flexible limber.
Lithe'ness, n. State of being lithe.
LlTHE'SOME,a. Pliant limber.
;

LITH'IC,

a. [Gr. Ai0i/c6s

List, n. [A.-S. list, 0. H. Ger. lisia.]

1. Outer edge or selvage of cloth. 2.
A limit or boundary. 3. A roil or
catalogue, that is, a row or line. 4.
(Arch.) A little square molding.
5.

Ai0os, stone.]

Relating to the stone in the bladder.

To speak imper- LlTH'O-GRAPH,

t.

V.

[-ED

t.

-ING]

stone, and ypa^eiv, to

trace on stone, and transn. A
fer to paper by printing.
print from a drawing on stone.
Li-th6g'ra-pher, n. One who practices lithography.
Lith'o-graph'ic,
) a. Relating to
[Gr.

Ai'0os,

write

To

Lith/o-graph'ic-al, j lithography.
Li-thog'ra-phy, n.
Art by which
prints are obtained by a chemical
[-ED -ING.] 1. To cover with a
process, from designs made on stone2. To enroll; to enlist.
3. To Li-thol'o-gy, n.
[Gr. Ai'0os, stone,
list.
v.i.
1 To enlist. 2.
listen to.
and Ao-yos, discourse.] 1. The science
See LUST.]
[A.-S. lystan, lustan.
which treats of rocks. 2. A treatise
To lean hence, to desire. 3. [See
on stones found in the body.
Listen.] To hearken to listen.
Li-thot'o-mist, n. One who cuts
[L. Lat. Utile, fr. Lat. licium, thread.]
line inclosing a field of combat.

6.

An inclination

to one side.

v.

t.

v.

(lis'n),

[A.-S. klystan.]
so as to hear

[-ED; -ING.]

i.

1.

To ttend

to

hearken.

obey.

closely
2.

To

[ens.

(lis'n-), n. One who lista. Not listening or attendindiiferent to what is passing.

LlST'LESS-LY, adv. Without attenheedlessly.
[what is passing.
tion
LTst'less-ness, n. Indifference to
LlT'A-NY, n. [Gr. Aircweia ; \craveveivjto pray.] A solemn form of supplications for mercy and deliverance.
LlT'ER-AL, a. [Lat. literati s ; litera,
a letter.] 1. According to the let2.
Following
ter; not figurative.

LIST'N-ER
List'less,
ing

the exact words not free. 3. Consisting of, or expressed by, letters.
Lit'er-al-IsM, n. A mode of interpreting literally.

Lit'er-al-ist, n.

One who adheres

to the letter or exact word.

1.

the primary import.

word.
(44), a.
to, or

[Lat. literarius.]

acquainted with,

LlT'ER-ATE,_a.

Learned; lettered.
LiT'ER-A'Tl,n. pi. [Lat.] Learned

men

of erudition.

Lit' ER- a' TIM, adv. [Low Lat.] Letter for letter.

tura;

litera,

JE, I,

turating the stone in the bladder.

Lt-THOT'RI-TY, n. [Gr. A.t'0os, stone,

and Lat. terere, tritum, to grind.]
Operation of breaking a stone in the
bladder into small pieces.

LIt'1-gant, a. Disposed to litigate

engaged in a lawsuit.
n. One en-

gaged in a lawsuit.
LlT'I-GATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
litigare, -gatum; lis, contest, and
;

agere, to carry on.] To contest in

law.
v. t. To carry on a suit by
judicial process.
LnVi-GA'TiON, n.
suit at law.

Li-TIG'IOUS (-tij/us), a. Contentious

fond of litigation.
Li-TIG'ious-ness (-tlj'us-), n. Disposition to engage in lawsuits.
Lit'mus, n. [H. Ger. lackmus; lack,
lacker, and onus, pap.] A purple dye,
which turns blue with alkalies and
red with acids.
Lit'ter, n. [Low. Lat. lectaria ; Lat.
lectus, couch.]
1. A bed that may
be easily carried about. 2. A coarse
bed of straw or hay for animals al*so, a covering of straw for plants. 3.
A confused mass of objects little val;

LlT'ER-A-TURE

TOOK URN, RVE, PULL

J

men

for the stone in the bladder.

n.
[Gr. Ai0oTo,oua
Ai0os, stone, and rop-rj, a cutting.]
Operation, art, or practice of cutting
for the stone in the bladder.
Lith'o-trip'sy, n. [Gr. Ai'0os, stone,
Tpu|as, a rubbing.] Operation of tri-

Ll-THOT'O-MY,

According to
2. Word by

literature.

LlQ'UE-FY

Licor-

v. To pronounce with a
n. Habit or act of lisping.

fectly.

LlT'ER-A-RY
State of_ being melted
Pertaining
LIq'ue-fi'a-ble, a. Capable of be-

Science;

of literature

i. [-ed; -ing.]
stammering, lisping.]

lisp.

Syn.

belles-lettres.

See

(llk/ur-), n.

Lit'er-al-ly, adv.

less fusible.

Liq/ue-fag'tion,
of melting or

liq-

[Lat. lippitudo.]

_Soreness of eyes.

Ll-QUA'TION,

Having

1.

Flowing smoothly or
easily
3. Pronounced without jar
1. A fluid not
or harshness.
n.
aeriform. 2. A letter which has a
smooth, flowing sound, as I, m, n, r.
LlQ'Ul-DATE, y. t. [-ed;-ING.] [Low
2.

[Lat. liquidus

acquaintance with letters or books.

2. Literary productions collectively.
3. Writings distinguished tor beauty
of style or expression, as poetry, es-

Lion.
curiosity.
est
Li'on-ess, n.
female lion.

fainting

Tending to be-

be fluid.]

liquere, to

uidity.

LlST'i?N

and

becoming liquid.]
come liquid.
LlQ'UID (lik'wid), a.

mammal found

Lip'pi-tude

LITTER

253

Inner covering of any

[Lat. litera(53), n.
letter.] 1. Learning;

O, silent

C,G,sq/*,-

,&,hard; Ag

E5IST

N,

as

NG

THIS-

LITTERATEUR

LlT'TLE,

a.

lytel, litel.]

Small in

1.

n.

(ld-ta'ra-tur'),

man.
[less; LEAST.]

[A.-S.

ex-

size or

tent diminutive.
2. Brief; short.
Small in quantity or amount. 4.
5.
contemptible.
insignificant
Slight inconsiderable.
n. A small
adv.
quantity, amount, or space.
;

In a small quantity or degree

LlVER-Y-MAN
wears a livery.

not

1. One who
(150), n.
2.
freeman of the

Liv'ER- Y-STA'BLEjtt..

stable

where

State or quality of

n.

little.

[Lat. littoralis, fr. litBelonging to a

tus, the sea-shore.]
a.

lent.

LIVING,

active;
1. Having life;
a.
3.
2. Continually flowing.
or unquarried, as rot k.
4.
n.
Producing action and vigor.
livelihood.
1. Means of subsistence
3. One
2. Benefice of a clergyman.
who is alive, or those who are alive.
lively.

(ll'ver or le'vr), n.

French money equal to 18 cents

LT-tOr'gig,
Pertaining to a
a.
not now in use.
Li-TUR'GIO-AL,
liturgy.
[Lat. lixtvius ; lix,
LlT'UR-GY, n. [Gr. \eirovpyia, public Lix-iv'i-AL, a.
ashes, lye.] 1. Obtained from, or
worship Aeiros, public, and epyeiv,
resembling lye.
2. Containing, or
Established formulas or
to work.]
having the qualities of, the alkaline
entire ritual for public worship.
salts from the ashes of wood.
Live (liv) v. i. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S.
[-ed;-ing.] To
2. Lix-Tv'l-ATE, v. t.
libban hfian.]
1. To have life.
leach
To pass one's life or time as to habPertaining to 1< e.
to Llx-iv'l-ATE, a.
its or constitution.
3. To abide
Llx-iv'l-tJM, n.
Water im[Lat.]
5.
to last.
reside.
4. To remain
pregnated with
To feed to subsist. 6. To acquire
;

.a livelihood.

one's

conformity

Live,

v.t.
2.

life.

a.

1.

earnestness
Ignited.

To

1. To spend, as
act habitually in

active

life.
;

Full of

2.

wide awake.

3.

Live'li-hood,
LlVE'LI-NESS,

n.
Means of living.
n. State of being lively.
as of liquors.

2. Effervescence,

Sprightliness; gayety; animavivacity; smartness ; briskness ;

Syn.
tion

activity. -~ Liveliness

is

an habitual

feel-

and interest gayety refers

to a temporary excitement of the
animal spirits ; animation implies a
ing of

life

more

warmth of emotion and a. corresponding

vividness of expressing it, awakened by
the presence of something which strongly affects the mind; vivacity is a feeling
between liveliness and animation, having the permanency of the one^and, to
some extent, the warmth of the other.
LIve'long, a. Long in passing.
Live'ly, a.
[-er; -est, 142.] 1.

Endowed with or manifesting

life

Brisk vivacious active.

animated. 4. Representing
3. Gay
life
life-like.
5.
Bright
vivid
glowing.
adv.
With strong resemblance of life.
Liv'ER, n. 1. One -vho lives. 2. A
resident.
3. An eater or provider of
living.

2.

food, &c. 4. [A.-S.

est

'ifer.]

gland of the body.

The largIt secretes

the bile.
(-wurt), n.
A plant
between the lichens and mosses,
found in moist places, on rocks, &c.
LIv'ER-Y, n.
[0. Fr. livree, a thing
delivered, a gift of clothes livrer, to
:

1. Act of delivering possession of lands or tenements.

2.
That which is delivered out statedly
or formally, as clothing, food, &C;
esp. the peculiar dress of the serv-

deliver.]

I,

O, V,Y,long;

1 K, 1,6,0 ,Y,
}

v.

footed

reptile,

[-ED;-ING.]

Consisting

a.

To cover
or like,

of,

1.

n. [A.-S. Iscn,

fr.

Mien, to lend.]

2.

That which io

Act of lending.
3.

permission to use.

v.\i

To

'
lend.
a.
[A.-S. ladh, hostile, odiUnwilling
reluctant.
Sco

[-EDJ-ING.]

Loath,
ous.]

Loth.

Loathe,

v.t.
[-ed:-ing] 1. To
have a great disgust of the appetite
for.
2. To dislike greatly.
Syn.
To abhor; detest; abominate.
See Detest.

2.

a. 1. Full of loathing.
Exciting loathing disgusting.
;

LOATH'ING,

Extreme

n.

disgust.

LOATH'SOME

(loth'sum), a. 1. Exciting great disgust. 2. Exciting hatred or abhorrence odious.

Loath/sOme'ness, n. Quality of exciting great disgust or abhorrence.
LOAVE (lovz), n. ; pi. of Loaf.
Lob'BY, n. [Low Lat. lobia, lobbia, a
covered portico Ger. lavbe, arbor,
bower.] 1. An inclosed place com;

municating with an apartment also,

a small waiting-room. 2. The men
who frequent such a place in a hall
;

n. [Lat.

larerta.]

a va-

rich friable

of legislation for the sake of business

with the legislators.
[-ED;
v. i.
-ING, 142.] To solicit members of a
legislature in the lobby or elsewhere,
_with a view to influence their votes.

lye.

Liz'ard,

four-

having an elonround body,

a very long, round

Lizard,

Lobe,

gate,

tail,

and a

free

j)f

n.

[Gr. AojSos-]

Any

division

a somewhat rounded form.

Lob ed, a.

mal
found
in
South
America,

Having lobes.
Lo-be'li-A, n. [From Lobel, botanist to James I.]
A plant used in
medicine as an emetic, &c.
L6b'lol-ly, n.
Water-gruel, or
spoon-meat
so called by seamen.

and

Lob'LOL-ly-BOY,

tongue.

Llama (la'ina or Wma),n. [Peruv.] A

ruminating mam-

allied to the

camel.

LO

Llama.

[A.-S.

interj.

la.] Look; see; behold.

n.
[See Lade.] 1. A burden
a weight.
2. Quantity which one
can carry contents of a cart, vessel,
&c. hence, a heavy burden. 3. That

Load,

which oppresses or grieves the mind

or spirits.

Load'stXr,

[A.-S.
ladu, lad,
n.
course, a leading.]
The star that
leads the polestar.
[Written also
lodestar^
Load'stone, n. A piece of magnetic
iron ore possessing polarity. [Written also lodestone.]

LOAF

(149),

n.

[A.-S. hl&f, l&f.]

large regularly-shaped mass, as of

bread or sugar.
v. i. [-ED -ING.]
To spend time in idleness to loiter.
v.t. To waste lazily.
Loaf'er, n. [Ger. laufer, fr. laufen,

short;

n.

surgeon's at-

tendant on shipboard.
tLob'ster, n. [Prob. corrupted from
Lat. locusta, locusta marina, a marine shell-fish.]

large, long-tailed

crustacean, used for food.

A small lobe.

LdB'ULE,n.
Lo'AL,a.

[Lat. localis; locus, place.]

Pertaining or confined to a particular spot, place, or district.
L6'AL-ism, n. State of being local.
1. Existence in a
Lo-al'i-ty, n.
Position
situation. 3.
place.
2.
limitation to a place.

Syn. Burden; lading; weight; cargo.

t.
[-ED; -ing.] 1. To lay a
burden on to lade to freight. 2.
To encumber
to bestow in abunLO'AL-IZE,
dance. 3. To charge, as a gun.

v.

LIVER-WORT

A, E,

salts

from wood ashes

to.

Having
;

alkaline

man

A Loath'ful,

[Fr.]

idle

[A.-S. lam.]

loam.

No. 2.
LlV'lD, a. [Lat. liv id us.] Black and
blue discolored, as flesh by a brui -e.

Li'vre

shore, as of the sea.

n.

with loam.

LOAN,

LlT'TO-RAL,

soil.

horses are kept for. hire, and where

stabling is provided. See LIVERY,

An

lo/en, to run.]

grant.

Loam,

Loam'y,

London.

Solid

much.
LIt'tle-ness,
being

ants of a nobleman or gentleman

also, tne whole body of those wearing such a dress.

city in

3.

LOCATION

2o4

ued; rubbish. 4. The number of pigs

v. i.
or kittens, &c, born at ouce.
[-Ei> -ing.] 1. To put into a disordered condition. 2. To give birth to.

Litterateur
[Fr.]
A literary

Jix in,

[-ED; -TNG.] To
or assign to, a definite place.
V.

t.

LO'AL-LY, adv.

Locate,
locare,

v.

As

to place.

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

-catum

locus, place

[Lat
1.

To

place to set in a particular spot. 2.

To designate the place of. 3. To .select or determine the bounds of.
Lo-A'tion (110), n. 1. The act of
placing. 2. Place where something is
located. 3. A tract of land designated
in place. 4. Identification of a place
or site, according to the description
given in a plan, map, &c.
;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VgIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM

S6N,

LOCATIVE
Lo'A-tTve

place, or the place where, or wherein.

(16k), n.
[Gael. See Lake.]
a bay. [Scof.]
Lock, n. [A.-S. loc, inclosure, fastenfastening, as
ing of a door.] 1.
2. A state of
for a door, a* lid, &c.
place which is
3.
being fixed.

L6H

lake

LONG-PR1MEK

255
One who lives at board,
or in a hired room
LoDG'lNG. n. 1. A place of rest for

(Gram.) Indicating Lodg'ER,

a.

n.

a night, or of

re?>ideuce for

a time.

Harbor

Lodg'ment
Lodge'MENT

in logs

cover.
I

(lokt'-), n.

ized by pride.
Log, n. [Cf. clog

violent

contraction of the muscles of the

and
jaw, suspending its motion.
D. log, heavy.] 1. A
A close place, that may
bulky piece or stick of
n.
be closed with a lock.
wood. 2. An appa-_
Lock'et, n. [Dim. of lock.] 1. A catch
ratus for measuring T
-..,
,
to fasten a necklace, &c. 2. A little
the rate of a ship'! ^^ass.'
gold case worn as an ornament.
motion. 3. The record
Lock'-jaw, n. See Locked-jaw.
of the rate of a ship's velocity.
Lock'-smith, n. A maker or mend- Log'a-rithm, n. [Gr. Aoyos, word,
er of locks.
account, proportion, and apuOfj-og,
Lock'-up, n. A place where arrested
number ] The exponent of a power
j>ersons_are temporarily confined.
to which another given invariable
Lo'CO-MO'TION, n. [Lat. locus, place,
number must be raised in order to
and motio, motion.] Act or power
produce that gi ren number.
LdG'A-RlTH'ivnc,
of moving from place to place.
a.
Pertaining
Lo'co-MO'TXVE (110), a. 1. Chang- Log'a-rith'mic-al, J
to, or consisting of, logarithms.
ing place, or able to change place.
L6g'-bo"ok, n. A book in which is
2. Occupied in producing motion.
1 n.
Lo'co-mo'tIve,
A tntered the daily progress of a ship
Lo'co-mo'tive-en'gTne, ) wheel*t sea, as indicated by the log, with
carriage supporting and driven by a
notes on the weather, &c.
Log'-cAb'in, n. A log-house.
j?team -engine.

Lock'er,

Log'ger-head,

n.
[From log and
head.] 1. A blockhead
a dunce.
A spherical mass of iron used to

Lo'UST,n.[Lat.

locusta.]

jumping insect,

2.

resem-

closely

heat
To

bling the grass-

LO'UST-TREE,

n.

Locust,

large

North

American

tree

To

v.

[-ED; -ING

[See in-

To lay or deposit for keepTo throw in; to place. 3.

in the memory. 4. To furnish

2.

fix

with a
harbor.
dwell.
[0.

t.

H.

temporary habitation;

to
To reside; to
n.
for a time.
Ger. lauba, N. H. Ger. laube,

2.

v.

i.

1.

To dwell

place in which
one may find shelter. 2. House of
the gate-keeper on a gentleman's estate.
also,
3. A secret association
the place in which they assemble.
arbor, bower.]

1.

that a person is c/ilatori/ through laziness, or remains behind while others are
advancing. One may linger or lengthen
out his time or stay from a regret to leave
scenes which had been dear to him. To
saunter is the act of a mere idler, who
moves about carelessly with no definite

end or

object.

Loi'ter-er,

Lole,

v.

One who

n.

[-ED -ING.]

i.

loiters.

[Icel. lolla.]

To act lazily
hence, to lie at
ease.
2. To hang extended from the
mouth, as the tongue.
To
v. t.
1.

_thrust out, as the tongue.

a. [Abbrev. fr. alone.] 1. Having no company solitary; single. 2.

LONE,

Unmarried, or in widowhood.
n.
1.
Condition of
_being lonely. 2. Love of retirement.
Lone'ly, . [-ER -EST, 142.] 1. Sequestered from company or neighbors. 2. Alone, or in want of company.

Lone'li-ness,

Syn.
tired

Solitary;

lone; lonesome
secluded.

unfrequented

re-

LONE's6ME,a. [-er;

-est.]

1.

Se-

cluded from society

solitary.
2.
Depressed by solitude lonely.
[-er -est (82).] [A.-S.]
1. Drawn out in a line
protracted.
;

Long (21), a.

Far away
Continued
through a considerable time, or to a
great length.
adv. 1. To a great
extent in space or time. 2. At a point
2.

Extended

distant.

in time.

4. Dilatory.

3.

5.

of duration far distant. 3. Through

the whole extent.
v. i. [-ED -ING.]
[A.-S. langian, to stretch out the

mind

after, to
earnestly. 2.

crave.]

1.

To

desire

2.

3. Skilled

Long'ing,

Pertaining to logic
According to the
in logic.
adv.
In a logical
;

n.

Eager desire; craving.

L6g'I-al-LY,
LoNG'isH^a. Somewhat long.
manner.
[in logic. Lon'GI-tude
[Lat. longitu(53), n.
Lo-gi'cian (-jish'an), n. One skilled
do, fr. longus, long.] 1. Length. 2.
Log'-line, n. A line about 150 fathPortion of the equator between the
oms in length, used for ascertaining
meridian of a given place, and the
the speed of a vessel.
meridian of some other given place.
Log'man (150), n. One who cuts and LON'GI-TUD'I-NAL, a. 1. RelatingtO
conveys logs to a mill. [Amer.]
longitude. 2. Running lengthwise.
Lo-GOM'A-HY, n. [Gr. \oyofiax(a, LON/GI-TUD'I-NAL-LY, adv. In tho
fr. Aoyos, word, and
p*xq, fight.] A
direction of length.
war of words.
L6ng'-mea/ure (-mezh'ur), n. A
LSg'o-type, n. [Gr. Aoyos, word,
measure of length.
and two?, type.] A type, containing Long'-prIm'ER, n.
A kind of type
two ormore letters as, a?, Ji, ffl.
between small pica and bourgeois.
Log'-roll, t\ i. 1. To assist in rollThis type is long-primer.
ing and collecting logs for burning.

D0 wpLF,TOO TO"bK; Orn, RUE, pull

3

OR,

a. 1.

used in logic.
rules of logic.

To have an eager or
craving appetite.
L6nge, n.
[Abbreviated from allonge.] A thrust.
See LUNGE.
Lon-Gev'I-TY, n.
Length or duration of life esp., great length of life.

conducted.

LoG'ic-al,

1.

ing.

strife.

n.

process of pure thinking should be

producing

white, fragrant flowers.

n.
[A.-S. lad, ladu, course,
Ixdan, to lead.] 1. A metallic vein,
or any regular vein or course. 2. A
j;ut or reach of water.
Lode'star, n. See Loadstar.
Lode'stone, n. See Loadstone.
fra.]

be at

[Gr. koyLK-q (sc. Te'xvrj)

fr. Aoyo?, speech, reason.]
Science
of the laws according to which the

Lode,

Lodge,

tar.
be at loggerheads, to

LoG'I,

hopper.

139),n. l.Actoflodg-

jing, or state of being

locked up. 4. Works which confine

the water in a canal. 5. Part of a
6. A tuft of hair a flock.
fire-arm.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To fasten
v. t.
with a lock. 2. To fasten so as to
impede motion. 3. To shut up or
confine. 4. To close fast. 5. To en6. To furnish with
circle or inclose.
or position.
locks, as a canal.
v. i.
1. To be- Loft'I-ness,ji. 1. Elevation; height.
come fast. 2. To unite closely by
2. Grandeur
sublimity. 3- Haughmutual insertion.
tiness
arrogance.
Lock/age, n. 1. Materials for locks Loft'y, a. [-ER -EST, 142.] [A.-S.
in a canal. 2. Toll for passing locks.
1. Lifted high
loften, airy, high.]
3. Amount of elevation and descent
up towering. 2. Elevated in charlocks.
made by
acter, rank, or style.
3. Character-

LocKD'-JAW

in matters of legislative action.

n. [*'rom being imported

Log'wood,

The heart-wood of a South

American tree, used in red dyes.
LOIN, n. [Lat. lumbus ] 1. Part of
an animal just above the hip-bone,
lodged. 2. A lodging-place; room. 3.
on either side. 2. pi. A correspond'
Occupation and intrenchment of a
ing part of the human body reins.
position, by a besieging party.
Loft (21), n. [Allied to lift.] 1. Floor Loi'TER, v. i. [-ED -ING
[0. IL
Ger. lotar.] To be slow in moving;
or space under a roof. 2. A gallery
to be dilatory.
in a church, hall, &c. 3. A room
placed above another.
Stn. To linger; lag; saunter. Loiter and lag have a bad sense, denoting
L6ft'i-l,y, adv. In a lofty manner
2.

To help another in consideration

of help from him in return, especially
2.

E,

I,

o, silent; c,G,so/S:,-

,5,hard;

A<?

EXIST; NasNG; THIS.

LONGSHORE-MAN
Long'shore-man,

LoNG'-siGHT'EDf-sIt'-), . 1. Able to
hence, sagasee to a great distance
cious. 2. Able to see objects distinctly at a distance, but not close at haud.
;

ance

to

Forbear-

n.

punish.

Long'-suf'fer-ing,

Patient;

a.

n.
Long ennot easily provoked.
durance patience of offense.
LoNG'-wtND'ED, a. Tedious in argument, or narration; prolix.
Lob, n. [Prob. fr. Fr. lot (pronounced
;

A game

at cards.
To beat by
[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.
winning every trick in the game.
LobF,orLoOF, n. [Also written luff,]
[Allied to A.-S. lyft, Goth, luftus,
the air.] After-part of a ship's bow.
Id), lot, prize.]

Look (27),

[-ed;-ing.] [A.-S.
v. i.
1. To direct the eye toward
IQcian.]
an object. 2. To consider. 3. To wait
to
for expectantly. 4. To penetrate
to observe narsolve. 5. To watch
rowly to scrutinize. 6. To seem to
appear. 7. To face to front.
v. t.

Idsan, lysun.
See Loose, v. t.] To
make loose to tree from restraint
to relax.
To become loo.-<e.
v. i.
Loose'ness, n. State of being loose.
Lo'bT, n. [Hind.] Act of plundering
also, plunder.
in a conquered city
LOP, v. t. I-PED:-PING.) [D. lubben,
to cut, geld.]
1. To cut off, as the
top of any thing.
2. To cut partly
off and bend down.
n. That which

cut

is

as from trees.

off,

LOP'PER,

[-ED; -ING.] [0. II.

r. i.
liberen, to curdle.]
To turn

Ger.

sour and coagulate, as milk.

Lop'sid-ed, a.
Heavier on one

side

than the other, as a ship.

Lo-QUA'ciOUS,

a.
[Lat. loquax, loquacis, fr. loqui,' to speak.] 1. Given
to continual tal ing. 2. SpeakiDg
;

noisy.

To subdue or influence by looks

or presence. 2. To manifest by a look.
1.

n.
2.

Oast of countenance; aspect.

Act of looking. 3. View watch.
1.

Look'ING-glAss,
reflects

images

n.

glass

which

a mirror.

Syn.
I

Detriment;

injury; damage.

Lost

1. Unintentionally rid
(21), a.
missing.
2.
forfeited.
3. No
longer held or posses.-ed. 4. Thrown
away wasted: squandered. 5. Bewildered perplexed.
(5.
Ruined or
destroyed.
7. Hardened bejond recovery. 8. Not visible.

of;

'

Lot,

n.
[A.-S. Mo*, lot.]
1. Chance,accident
hazard
fortune.
2. A
contrivance to determine a question
by chance. 3. That which falls to
one by chance. 4. A distinct parcel
a separate part.
5. A quantity or
;

large number.
[Colloq.]
Q.
Any
distinct portion of land.
[Amer.]
v.t. -TED; -TING] 1 To allot; to
assign. 2. To separate
to assort.
Loth, a. [See Loathe.] 1. Hating;
jletesting.
2. Unwilling
reluctant.
LO'TION, n. [Lat. lotto, fr. lavare, lo-

SYN.r- See Garrulous.

Lo-qu3o'i-ty,

n.
Habit or practice
of talking continually or excessively.

Syn. Talkativeness; garrulity.

LORD, n. [A.-S. hlaford, l&ford, i.

e.,

LOVE

256

[Abbrev. fr.
along shore man.] A laborer emabout
the
wharves
of a seaployed
port in loading vessels, &c.
n.

Long'-sDf'fer-ance,

bread-keeper

and

hlaf, bread, loaf,

weardian, to take care of.] 1. A mas2. A noter a ruler a governor.

bleman of any rank above that of a
baronet also a bishop, if a member
;

tum, to wash.]

1.

washing,

es-

pecially of the skin.

2.
liquid
preparation for the skin.
Lot'ter-y, n. [See Lot.] A distribution of prizes by lot or chance.
LO'TUS, n. [Lat. lotus, Or. Acoto?.] 1.
plant of several genera. 2. An ornament in the form of the Egyptian
water-lily.
Loud, a. [-er;-est.] [A.-S. hldd.]

of Parliament. [Eng.] 3. A title be1. Making a great sound.

2. Clamstowed on the persons above named.
orous boisterous. 3. Emphatical
4. A husband. 5. The Supreme Being.
impressive.
adv. With loudness
v.i.
[-ed; -ING.] To play the
loudly.
[noisily.
to domineer.
lord
Loud'ly, adv.
In a loud manner
Lord'li-ness. a.
high Loud'ness, n. Great sound or noise.
1. Dignity
station.
2. Pride; haughtiness.
Lough (16k), n. [Celt, loch, llwch.]

Lo"bK'OUT, n.
1.
A careful looking
2. Place
for any object or event.
from which observation is made. 3.
LORD'LING, n. A little or petty lord.
A loch. See Loch.
One engaged in watching.
Lo~OM, n. [A.-S. ICma.]
A frame or LORD'LY, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] 1. Louis-D'OR (lob'e-dor'), n. [Fr., a
Becoming a lord relating to a lord.
Louis of gold.] An old French gold
machine in which a weaver forms
2. Proud
haughty imperious.
coin, equal to about $4.84.
[-ed;-ing.] [A.-S.
cloth,
v. i.
[-ed; -ing.]
Syn. Overbearing; tyrannical; des- Lounge, v. i.
[Lat.
ledmian, to shine.] To appear above
;

the surface, or to appear indistinctly

and larger than the reality, as a distant object.
Loon, n. 1. [A.-S. lun, poor, needy.]
A sorry fellow a rascal. 2. [Icel.
Idmr, Ger. lomme.]
A swimming
and diving bird, of the arctic regions.
;

LOOP,

&

Gael, lub, luba, loop,

A doubling of a
string.
2. A small, narrow opening.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To fasten or
ornament, by means of loops.
Loop'-hole, n. 1.
small opening
in the walls of a fortification, or in
the bulk-head of a ship. 2.
hole
that gives the means of escape.
Loose, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
1. To untie or unIcsan , lysan.]
bind to relieve. 2. To release from
any thing obligatory to absolve. 3.
To relax to loosen. 4. To undo to
unlock.
v. i.
To set sail.
a.
[-ER ; -EST.] [Allied to lose.]
1.
Unbound; untied. 2. Not tight or
close.
3. Not close or compact.
4.
Not concise or precise; vague. 5.
n.

[It.

noose, fold.]

1.

potic; domineering; arrogant; insolent.

Lord'shIp,

n.
1. State of being a
hence, a title applied to a lord.
a manor. 3.
2. Territory of a lord
Dominion power authority.

lord

LORE,

[A.-S. lar

n.

Iseran, to teach.]

Knowledge gained from reading or

study

learning.
(lorn-yef), n.
opera-glass.
;

Lorgnette
An

[Fr.]

longe,

long time

for a

hence, 0.

Eng. lungis, a slow, heavy fellow.]

1. To spend time lazily.
2. To recline at ease; to loll.
idle gait or stroll.
2.

n.

1.

An

Act of reclining at ease. 3. A place for lounging.

4. A sort of couch.
[loiters.

Loun'Ger, n. An idler; one who

Louse (150), n. [A.-S. Ids, fr. Goth.
liusan, to devour.]

parasitic in-

sect, having a sucking mouth.

[-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
Swarming with lice inlorica, a leather Lous/ Y, a.
fested with lice.
cuirass.]
2. To
1. To plate over.
cover with a fire-proof coating, as a Lout, n. A mean, awkward fellow.

LOR'I-CATE,*.

t.

-catum

loricare,

chemical vessel.

LORN,

[A.-S. loren, p.p. of ledsan,

Forsaken; lonely.
LoE (looz), v. t. [lost; losing.]
"[A..-S. ledsan.] 1. To part with or to
be deprived of; to forfeit.
2. To
throw away to waste to squander.
3. To miss, so as not to be able to
a.

to lose.]

Lou'VER
Lou'vre

(looker), n.
[Fr. Pouvert,
the opening.] An open)
ing in the roof of ancient buildings
for the escape of smoke, &c.
Louver window, an opening in a Btee)

ple, crossed

L6v'A-BLE,

by a series of sloping boards.

Worthy of love

a.

ami-

able.

To perplex or bewilder. 5. L6v'aGe, n. [From Fr. livicke, fr

To ruin to destroy. 6. To fail to
Lat. Hgusticum, a plant of Liguria.]
obtain.
A plant, sometimes used in medicine.
v. i.
1.
To forfeit any
thing in contest.
[A.-S. lufe, lufu.]
2. To suffer loss LOVE (IHv), n.
L
Not strict or rigid. 6. Having lax
by comparison.
Devotion or attachment to another,
afbowels. 7. Dissolute; unchaste.
Los'ER, n. One who loses.
esp., to one of the opposite sex
Lcose'ly, adv. 1. In a loose man- Loss (21), n. [A.-S. los. See Lose.]
fection. 2. Courtship. 3. Object of
ner not firmly. 2. Wantonly unaffection. 4. Benevolence kindness-,
failure; destruc1. Act of losing
find.

4.

chastely

Loos'^n,

negligently

v.

t.

[-ed; -ING.]

A, E, 1,6, U, Y,long;

tion
[A.-S.

lost.

privation.
3.

2.

That which

State of having
i3 lost
waste.

A,E,I,6,U, , short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

charity,

v.

lufian.] 1.

t.

[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.

To be pleased or delighted

ERE, VEIL, TRI

PIQUE, FIRM; S6N,

LOVE-FEAST

LUMINOSITY

257

law.] 1. Faithful to the sovereign Lu'Dl-ROUS, a. [Lat. ludricus ; Indus,

with to be fond of; to like. 2. To
play, sport.] Adapted to raise laughhave benevo.ence or good-will toward.
or the lawful government. 2. Faithter, without scorn or contempt.
ful to a lover or friend.
8. To delight in witn pre-eminent afv. i.
To delight; to take LOY'AL-isT, n. One who is loyal.
fection.
Syn. Laughable ridiculous. We
speak of a thing as ludicrous when it
LOY'AL-LY, adv. In a loyal manner.
pleasure to be in love.
:

LOVE'-FEAST,

n.

religious festival

of the Methodists, &c.

(luv'not), n. An intriemblematical
cate kind of knot
[ing love.
of love.
i6vE'-LET'TER, n. A letter professState of being
Love'LI-ness, n.
[love.
amiableness.
lovely
Forsaken
by one's
Love'-LORN, a.

Love'-knot

'

Loy'al-ty,

State or quality of
fidelity to a superior, or

n.

being loyal
to duty, love, &c.
n.
[Prob. from
;

^'v.

Loz'enge,

Gr. Ao|6s, oblique, and <C^_^'

Lat. angulus.] 1. A rhomb.
j iOZ .
2. A small cake of sugar, en^'o (1.).
&c, often medicated.
Lub'ber, n. A heavy, clumsy fellow

tends to produce laughter; as laughable

the impression is stronger, resulting in ahearty laugh; as rid iculous when
contempt is more or less mingled with
the merriment created.

when

Lu'Di-eROirs-LY, adv. In a ludicrous

manner.
Lu'Dl-CRotJs-NESS, n.
Quality or
state of being ludicrous.

Luff, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [D. loeven.i

To turn the head of a ship toward
LDb'ber-ly, a. Like a lubber clumthe wind to sail nearer the wind.
ted to excite, or worthy of, love.
n.
[See Loof.]
1. Side of a ship
Syn. Amiable pleasirnr: charming; LU'bri-oant, n. That which lubri-

Love'ly,

[-ER; -est, 142.] Fit-

a.

a clown.

[sy

delectable; delightful;

ench

One who

.nting.

toward the wind.

cates.

Act of

2.

sailing

[Lat. lubricare,
One Lu'BRl-ATE, v. t.
close to the wind.
-catum.] To make smooth or slip- LUG, v. t. [-GED -ging.] [A.-S. luo[love.
pery.
[eating.
can, to pluck out.] 1. To haul to
sex. 3. One who likes.
Act of lubriLanguishing with Lu'bri-oa'tion, n.
drag. 2. To convey with labor.
LOVE'-SICK, a.
n.
Any thing drawn with difficulty
Lov'ING-kInd'ness, n. Tender re- Lu-BRl^'I-TY, n. 1. Slipperiness. 2.
Aptness to glide over any thing. 3.
also, the effort of drawing or carrygard mercy favor.

Lov'ER,

n. 1.

loves. 2.

in love with a person of the opposite

Low (15),

[-ER; -EST.] [Allied to

a.

Instability.

ing any thing heavy.

Lasciviousness.

4.

1. Smooth;
slipOccupying an inferior posi- Lu'BRl-OUS, a.
pery 2. Wavering.
2. Not rising to the usual
tion.
[Lat. lucens, shining
height. 3. Deep. 4. Eelow the usu- Lucent, a.
.lux, light.]
Shining bright.
al rate, amount, or value. 5. De1.

lie.]

pressed in the scale of sounds grave.

6. Not very distant from the equator.
;

dejected.
8.
7. Depressed
base
in rank. 9. Vulgar
orable. 10. Feeble weak.

Humble

dishon-

Im-

11.

Moderate reasonIn a low position or

manner. 2. Cheaply. 3. Humbly
meanly. 4. With a depressed voice. 5.
In a state of subjection, poverty, or
disgrace.
v. i. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S.
hldwan.] To bellow as an ox or cow.
Lower, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Eng.
lower, compar. of low.} 1. To cause
to descend to let down. 2. To bring
down to humble. 3. To reduce in
value, amount, &c.
v.i.
To fall
poverished.
adv.
able.

12.

1.

Lu'CERN,

luzerne, of Celtic

[Fr.

n.

origin.]

vated for fodder.

a.

eler's

n.

[From

trunks, &c.

more weight than

lug.] 1.
2.

trav-

Something of

value.

Lug'ger, n. A small vessel with

masts and a runuing bowsprit.

three

Lu-GU'BRl-oOs, a.
[Lat. lugubris.]
Mournful indicating sorrow.
lamp.] Luke'warm, a. [A.-S. wlsec, warm,

leguminous plant

Lu-^er'nal,

Lug'gage,

culti-

[Lat. lucerna,

or pertaining to, a lamp.

Lu'riD, a. [Lat. lucidus: lux, light.]
1. Shining; bright. 2. Clear; transparent. 3. Easily understood.
Svx.
Luminous; sane reasonable.
See Luminous.
Lu'cid-ness, n. State of being lucid.
_Of,

Lu\'I-fer, n. [Lat., light-bringing,

1.
the morning star.]
The planet
Yenus,w.ien morning star. 2. Satan.

remiss.] 1. Moderately warm

2. Not zealous
indifferent,

Luke'warm-ly, adv.
Luke'warm-ness, n.

tepid.
[ence.

With indiffcrState of being

lukewarm indifference.
Lull. v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
;

[Ger. hdlen,
to cry like a cat, sing badly.]
To
soothe to sleep to quiet.
v. i. To
become gradually calm to subside.
n.
1. Power of soothing.
2. A
season of temporary quiet after a
storm.

3. A match tipped with a combustible substance, and ignited by friction.

LU'CI-FORM, a. [Lat. lux, lucis, light, Lull'a-ey, n. [From lull.] A song
&rxd forma, form.] Having the form
to diminish.
to quiet babes.
[bago.
to grow less
Lum-bAg'i-nous, a. Relating to lumof light; resembling light.
Lower, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [N. H.
[Icel. lukka, N. H. Ger. LUM-BA'GO, n.
1. To be LUCK, n.
Ger. lauern, to lurk.]
[0. Lat., from lumgluck.] 1. That which happens to a
bus, loin.]
2.
Rheumatic pain in the
clouded
to threaten a storm.
person chance hap fate fortune.
loins and small of the back.
To look sullen.
2. Good fortune.
LUBI'bar, a. [Lat. lumbus, loin.] PerLower-case, a. (Print.) Pertain;

Jrom

capitals.

Lower-most,

LoWER-Y
Lowland,

[gloomy.
a. Lowest,
Cloudy
(lou'er-y), a.
n.
low or level coun;

humility.
[ly
State of being low-

try,

Low'LI-NESS,

LOW'LY,

a.

n.

[-ER

"

-EST, 142.]

1.

Not high or elevated. 2. Mean low.

3.
Humble. 4. Meek free from
;

pride.

adv.

1.

Humbly

meekly.

Meanly.

[ing low.
n._ State or quality of beIoW-press'ure, a. Exerting a press2.

Iow'ness,

ure of less than

square inch.

fifty

used to deing to the lower case

note the small letters in distinction

Luck'i-ly, adv.
Luck'i-ness, n.
fortunate.
event.

2-

By good

fortune.
1. Quality of being
A favorable issue or
[fortunate.

Luck/less,
Luck'y, a.

a.
Without luck un[-ER
-EST, 142.]
1.
Favored by luck fortunate. 2. Producing good by chance.
;

Syn. Successful;
perous; auspicious.

fortunate; pros-

Lu'cra-tive,

[Lat. lucrativus.]
a.
Gainful profitable.
Lu'ORE (lu'ker), n. [Lat. lucrum.]
;

taining to the loins.

LUM'BER, n. [Prob. from Lombard,

the Lombards being the pawnbrokers
of the middle ages.] 1. Any thing
useless and cumbrous things thrown
aside as useless.
2. Timber sawed
orsplitfor use. [Amer.]
v. t. [-ed;
-ing.] 1. To heap together in disorwith
lumber.
der. 2. To fill
v. i.
1. To move heavily.
2. To rumble.
3. To cut lumber in the forest, and
prepare it for market. [Amer.]
LUM-BRI-AL, a. [Lat. htmbricus, a
;

money or goods profit.

worm.] Resembling a worm.
LU'CU-BRATE, V. i.
[-ED; -ING.] Lu'Ml-NA-RV, n. [Lat. luminar, hmi[Lat. lucubrare, -bratum, lux, light.]
pounds to the
naris, a light.] 1. Any orb or body
[pressed.
that gives light. 2. One that illusJ'o study by candle-light or a lamp.
Dejected
de- Lu'U-BRA'TlON, n.
1.
Nocturnal
trates any subject, or enlightens
QaAxv in

LdW-SPlR'lT-ED, a.
Lox'o-drom/ios, n. sing. [Gr. Ao6s,
study. 2. That which is composed
mankind.
slanting, and 6p6|uo?, course.] Art
_by night.
Lu'mi-nif'er-ous, a. [Lat. lumen,
or method of oblique sailing by the Lu'U-LENT, a. [Lat. luculentus, from
light, and ferre, to produce.]
Pro;

rhumb
Loy'al,
OR. do,

lux, light.] 1. Clear; transparent. 2.

line.

a.

[Lat. legalis

lex, legis,

wolf vT0O,200K,'

Evident.

URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

ducing light.
Lu'MI-nos'i-TY, n.

,G,so/it; ,5,Iiard;

Ag; EXIST

[luminous.
Quality of being
;

as

NG

Tfiis*

LUMINOUS
LCmi-nol'S,
Shining
3.

emitting light.

1.

2. Bright.

Clear, as if illuminated.

Syn. Lucid.
A thing is lucid when
pervaded by light, as a lucid stream; it

when

sends forth light to

surrounding objects, as, a luminous body.
Hence, we speak of tin argument as lu-

is

luminous

cid,

when

it

remarkably

it is

clear,

and

as

luminous, when it pours upon a subject

the mingled light of reasoning and illustration.

Lu'mi-nous-LY, adv.
manner.

LYNCH-LAW

258

[Lat. luminosus.]

a.

In a luminous
[clearness.

Brightness
Lu'Ml-NOtis-NESS, n.
1. A
LtJMP, n. [Allied to clump.]
small shapeless mass of matter. 2.
mass of things thrown together

LO'PU-LINE,

[L. Lat. lupulus, dim.

of Lat. lupus, hops.] Bitter principle or fine yellow powder of hops.
Lurch, n. [\Vr lltrch, a frisking, a
sudden roll of a ship to
lurking.]

n.

[-ED

-ing.]
1.
one
v.
To lie in ambush
to lurk.
2. To
roll suddenly to one side, as a ship.
LUKE, n. [M. H. Ger. luoder, lure, decoy.]
1. An object held out to call
a hawk. 2. Any enticement.
v. t.
J-ED -ING.] To entice to attract.
Lu'rid (89), n. [Lat. luridus.] Ghastly pale
gloomy.
LURK,r. i. [-EB; -ING.] [See Lurch,
n.] 1. To lie hid; to lie in wait.
2.
To keep out of sight.
Lurk'ing-place, n. A place in
side.

i.

without order or distinction.

v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To throw into a
which one lurks.
mass. 2. To take in the gross.
Lus'cioOs (lush'us), a. [Prob. a corgross.
2.
LiJMP'lSH, a.
1. Bulky
ruption of luxurious.] 1. Sweet deDull stupid.
[of lumps.
licious. 2. So sweet or rich as to cloy.
Lump'y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] Full Lus'cioiJS-LY (liish'us-), adv.
In a
;

[See Lunatic] A spen.

of insanity, formerly supposed

Lu'na-cy,

luscious manner.
cies
Lush, a.
[Prob. an abbrev. of lusto be influenced by the changes of
cious.]
Full of juice or succulence.
the moon.
Lust, n. [A.-S. Icel. liosta, to strike,
Syx. Insanity derangement; mania.
2. Carbeat.]
1. Longing desire.
nal appetite; concupiscence.
v.i.
Lu'NAR, a. [Lat. lunaris; luna, the
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To desire eagerly
moon.] 1. Pertaining to the moon.
2.
to long, especially for the gratificaResembling the moon
orbed.
tion of carnal appetite. 2. To have
3. Measured by the revolutions of
irregular desires.
the moon.
[Lat. lustrum, a puriLunar caustic, fused nitrate of silver; LOs'TER, 1 n.
ficatory sacrifice, fr. luso named because silver was called luna Lus'TRE,
Lunar month, the
by the old chemists.
cere, to be light, to shine.]
1. Briltime in which the moon completes a revliancy
2.
splendor; brightness.
olution about the earth.
Lunar ytar,
3. A candleReuoM'n distinction.
the period of twelve lunar months, or
stick with pendants of cut glass.
354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, and 84.28
seconds.
LUST'FUL, a. 1. Having lust. 2. In;

Lu'NATE,
Lu'NA-TE D,

a.

like

that of the half-moon.

Lu'NA-TIC, a. [Lat. lu naticus ; luna,

the moon.]
Affected by lunacy
moon-struck insane.
n.
A personaffected by lunacy a madman.
Lu-na'tion, n. Time from one new
;

moon

LDnch

to the next.
[Prov.
(66), n.

Eng., a large

of bread, nunc, a thick lump.]

between breakfast
and dinner. 2. A place for taking
a luncheon.
[-ED; -ing.]
v. i.
To take a lunch.
Lunch'eon (lunch'un), n.
[From
lunch.] A portion of food taken at
any time except at a regular meal.
Lu-NETTE', n. [Fr., from Lat. luna,
the moon.] 1. A detached bastion.
2. An aperture for admitting light
into a concave ceiling.
LUNG, n. [A.-S. lunge.] One of the
two organs of respiration in an airbreathing animal.
LfJNGE,n. A sudden push or thrust.
Lu'NI-FORM, a.
[Lat. luna, moon,
and forma, shape.] Resembling the
moon in shape.
LO'NI-SO'LAR, a.
[Lat. luna, moon,
and sol, sun.] Resulting from the
united action of the sun and moon.
Lu'NU-LAR, a. Crescent-shaped.
Lu'pIne, n.
[From Lat. lupus, wolf,
because it eagerly penetrates into the

slight repast

soil.]

A, e,

i,

leguminous plant.

6, 0,

with lute.

LO'ther-an,

a.

the reformer.

Pertaining to Luther,

n.

disciple or fol-

Jower of Luther.

Lu'thern,

[From Lat. lucerna,

lamp.] A kind of window in the roof
n.

of a building

Lut'ing,

a dormer.

See

n.

LiJX'ATE,

Lute.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

luxare, -atum ; luxus, dislocated.f
To put out of joint to dislocate.
LUX-A'TION, v. 1. Act of luxating or
putting out of joint. 2. That which
is luxated.
v.

t.

Lux-U'RI-ANCE
(lugz- or luks-), n.
Lux-u'ri-an-cy
State of being luxuriant rank growth exuberance.
LUX-U'RI-ANT (lugz- or luks-), a.
1. Exuberant in growth.
2. Being
)

in great abundance.

Lux-u'ri-ant-ly

(lugz-

adv_ Very abundantly

Lux-u'ri-ate
[-ED

-ING.]

(lugz1.

or

luks-),

exuberantly.

or luks-), v.

i.

To grow exuberant-

To

feed or live luxuriously. 3.

To indulge to excess.
LUX-U'RI-OUS (lugz- or luks-), a. 1.
Given cr administering to luxury.
2. Furnished with luxuries. 3. Softening by pleasure.
Lux-u'Ri-ous-LY (lugz or luks-), adv.
ly.

2.

In a luxurious manner.
Lux-u'ri-oDs-ness (lugz-

Ltlx'u-RY (lak'shu-), n. [Lat. luxuria.]

1. Excess in eating or drinking, or in

[ner.

citing to lust.

LDst'fujl-ly, adv. In a lustfrl man-

Lust'fvl-ness,

n.

State of being

costly dress and equipage.

2. Any
thing delightful to the senses; a
dainty.

Syx.

Voluptuousness

effeminacy

Ly-ce'um

lustful.

Lus'TI-LY, adv.
Lus'Tl-NESS, n.

In a lusty manner.
State of being lusty.

or luks-), n.

State of being luxurious.

epicurism;

sensuality; delicacy.

[Lat., fr. Gr. \vKeiov, so named after the temple of

Apollo Av/ceios.]
1.
place in
(118), n.

Luster.] Used
Greece, where Aristotle taught phipertaining to, purification.
losophy. 2. A house or apartment
Lus-tra'tion, n. Act of purifying.
appropriated to instruction by lecLUS'TRING, n.
[Eng. luster, lustre,
3. A higher
tures or disquisitions.
A species of glossy silk cloth.
school in Europe.
4. A literary asq. v.]
LtJS'TROUS, a. Bright shining.
sociation.
Lus'TRUM, n. [Lat., a purification of Lyd'I-an, a. Pertaining to one of the
the whole Roman people once in five
ancient Greek modes or keys, the
years ] The space of five years.
music in which was of a soft, pathetLiJS'TY,rt. [-ER; -est, 142.] [From
_ic character.
able of Lye. n.
1. Exhibiting vigor
lust.]
[A.-S. leak, Izeg.] Water imbody. 2. Bulky large.
pregnated with alkaline salt imbibed
Lut'AN-ist, n. One who plays on the
from wood-ashes.
lute.
Lymph, n. [Lat. lympha.] 1. A pure,
2.
A colorless
Lu-TA'RI-OUS, a. [Lat. lutarius ; lutransparent fluid.
lum mud ] Pertaining to , or of the
fluid in animal bodies.
1. Pertaining to,
color of, mud.
Lym-phXt'ic, a.
Lu-ta'tion, n.
Act or method of
containing, or conveying lymph. 2.
A vein-like vessel in
juting vessels.
n.
Frantic.
animals, containing s,
Lute, n. 1. [Ar.
vertebrate
aPild; al, the, and
transparent fluid.
'ftc/, wood, branch,
Lynch, v. t. [-ed -ing.] To inflict
punishment an without the forms of
staff, lute.] (Mms.)
[Amer.]
A stringed instrulaw.
formerly
ment
Lynch'-law, n. [Said to be derived
much in use. 2.
fr. a Virginia farmer, named Lynch.]
[Lat. /*>/?, mud.]
The practice of punishing men for
A composition of
crimes, by private unauthorized perLute.
clay for making
sons, without a legal trial.

Lus'tral,

a. [See

in, or

lump
1.

v.t.

heat.

Having a form

when exposed to
[-ED; -ING.] To coat

the joints air-tight

Y^or^/^iijSjO,

0, , short;

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, trm; pique, firm; s6n,

LYNX
[Lat
lynx, Gr. Avy.
An animal of sev-

the

common

but

cat,

[Lat. lyra, Gr. Avpa.]

n.

stringed instrument
a kind of
music
harp much used by the
ancients as an accompaniment to poetry.

of

much

resembling

MAGI

259
Lyre,

,?yx, n.

eral species,

having

longer
Lvns.
ears and a shorter
tail.
It prowls about at night, and
is commonly thought to
be very
sharp-sighted.

One

2.

of the constel-

lations.

Lyre'-bTrd,

An Aus-

n.

The male
remarkable for hav-

tralian bird.
is

ing his sixteen tail-feathers arranged

in the form of a lyre.
Lyr'ic,
la.
1. Pertaining to a
2. Fitted to be
lyre.
Lyr'I-al,
sung to the lyre hence, also, appropriate for song.
Lyr'ic, n. 1. A lyric poem a song. 2.
verse of the kind usually employed
chiefly in the plu>
in lyric poetry
[harp or lyre.
ral.
Ly'rist, n. One who plays on th.c

Lyre.

M.
Ma^h'i-na'TION, n. A hostile or Mad'am, n. The same as MADAME.
treacherous scheme formed with de- Madame (ma-d'am ), n.; pi. mesdames (ma-dam'). [Fr. ma, my,
liberation and cunning.
Ma-CHINE' (-sheen 7 ), n. [Lat. machiand dame, dame.] A form of address
to a lady especially an elderly or a
na, machine, device.] 1. Any body
married lady.
or assemblage of bodies, esp. a com[son.

is the thirteenth letter of

M(em),
the English alphabet, and rep-

resents a labial articulation.

See
Prin. of Pron., 80.
(Print.)
square quadrat, taken as the unit
of measurement in ascertaining the
amount of type in any work. [ Written also em.]
MAC-Xd'AM-IZE. V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[From Mac Adam, the inventor.] To
cover, as a road, with small, broken

plex construction, used to transmit

MXd'cXp,

and modify

Mad'den,
make mad

engine.

2.

force and motion

an
Supernatural agency in
;

n.
v.

t.

rash, hot-headed per[-ed; -ing.] To

to enrage.

to craze

v. i.
To become mad.
a poem.
i^MA-CHiN'ER-Y (ma-sheen'er-y>), n. 1. Mad'der, n. [A.-S. maddre.] A certain plant, the root of which is much
stones. _
Machines collectively. 2. Working
used in dying red.
MXc'a-ro'ni, n. [Prov. It., from Gr.
parts of a machine. 3. Means and
appliances by which ;my thing is Mad'e-fy, v. t.
[-ed
-ing, 142.]
naKapta, bliss, also, a very dainty
[Lat. madere, to be wet, and facere,
food.] 1. An edible paste, made into
kept in action. 4. Extraordinary or
to make.] To make wet to moisten.
long, slender tubes.
supernatural agency in a poem or
2. A medley.
;

3.

fop

an exquisite.

MA'a-r5n'I,

1.

a macaroni

like,

vain

a.

empty

affected.

medley of

fictitious

2.

trifling

Mack'er-el,

Consisting of a

and

Latin

vernacular

[The

native name.]
tropical
large

American
and very

showy

bird, allied

Mace,

heavy staff
[0. Fr.]
or club.
2.
scepter.
3.
rod
used in billiards.
4. [Gr. p.a/cep.]
n.

1.

from ma, my, and

[Fr.,

young

the invent-

A water-proof outer garment.

7
[Lat. macula,
!), n.
a spot, stain.] (Print.) A blur causing a part of the impression to appear double.
Mac'ro-cosm, or MA'CRO-COgM,.
[Gr. ju.axp6s, great, and k6o>ios, the
world.] The great world the universe;
opposed to microcosm, or
the little world constituted by man.
;

The aromatic second coat covering Ma-crom'e-ter, n.

[Gr.
the nutmeg.
long, and fxirpov, measure.]
I

Mackerel.

Young

lady.]

woman miss used in address.

Mad'-house, n. A house where in-

Mack-le (mak

Macaw.

A rich

n.

(mad'mwa-zel'),

MESDEMOISELLES(mdiil'-

demoiselle,

used for food.

[Called after a district in the Island

of
Martinique.]
Rose-flavored snuff.

,'pl.

mwa-zel').

or.]

n.

Mademoiselle
n.

n.

Mack'in-tosh, n. [From

to the parrots.

M\'A-BOY,

marine
fish, spotted with
blue, and largely

Fr.

rel.]

n.

Ma-dei'ra (-de - or -da/-),

wine made in Madeira.

maque-

[0.

words.

Ma-aW,

work.

Ma-ciiin'ist (ma-sbeenlst), n. A constructor of machines and engines.

Relating to, or

ju.a.Kp6?,

sane persons are confined.

adv. 1. In a mad manner
wildly.
rashly
2. With extreme

MXd'LY,
;

[person.

folly.

Mad'man

lunatic or crazy
(150), n.
Condition of being
n.
disorder of intellect.

Mad'ness,

mad

Syx. Insanity
distraction; delirium; craziness; lunacy; rage; fury.
;

Ma-don'na,

my
A

n.
[It.,
lady. 2.

Madam my
;

lady.]

1.

picture of

the Virgin Mary.

Mad'ri-gal,

n.

[Gr. p.avSpa,

stall,

An inherd of cattle.] A little amorous

strument for measuring inaccessible
poem, called also a, pastoral poem.
objects by means of two reflectors MaG'A-zine' (mSg'a-zeen'), n.
[Ar.
on a common sextant.
makhzan, a storehouse, granary, or
Ml f V-LA,n.; pi. MAe'TT-LJZ. [Lat.] cellar.] 1. A storehouse esp. one for
solve.
A spot, as on the skin, or on the sun.
military stores. 2. Place where the
MXc'er-a'tion, n. Act of softening iMXc'U-LATE, v. t. [Lat. maculare,
powder is kept in a fortification or
and almost_dissolving by steeping.
macidatum. See supra.] To spot
ship. 3. A miscellaneous pamphlet

MXc'ER-ATE,V.

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

macerare, -ratum, from macer, lean.]
To soften and separate by steeping,
or by digestion, so as almost to dist.

MXch'i-a-vel'ian
litically

cunning,

PoMachiavel, an

(-vel'yan), a.
like

Italian writer; crafty.

MXCH'1-A-VEL'I-AN-ISM, n. PolitiMXCH'I-A-VEL-IM,
cal cunning and artifice.
M.\H'i-nal (mak'-), a.
[See Machine. ]_ Pertaining to machines.

MXH'I-NATE, V. t. [-EC; -ING.]

[See Machine.]
To form, as a plot
or a scheme.

Oh, do,

to stain_; to blur.
n.

MXc'u-LA'TlON,

The act of

spot-

a blemish a stain.
Mad, a. [-der; -dest.] [A.-S. germed; Goth, gamdids, weak, brokting

a spot

en.]
Disordered in intellect
1.
crazy.
2 Excited with passionate
desire or with wrath
enraged. 3.
Proceeding from, or indicating, madness.
v. t.
[-DED -DING.] To
;

make mad.

wqlf, too, TOOKj URN, rue, pull

s,

I,

o, silent

periodically published.
n.
[From Mary
dalene.
See Luke vii. 36]
formed prostitute.
Mag'GOT, n. [Allied to A.-S.

Mag'da-len,

ha,

madhu, earth-worm.]
2. A whim.

1.

Mag-

re-

mad'
grub;

a worm.

Mag'GOT-y,

Full of maggots.
2. Capricious
whimsical.
MX'GI, n. pi. [Lat., pi. of Magus.]
Holy men or sages of the East.

c, G, soft; , S, hard;

a.

1.

Ag; EIST

,'

n.

as

NG

MAGIAN
M.i/dU-AN,

MAINTENANCE

260
Mag-net'IS,

heading criminals.
a. 1. Pertainn.
magnetism
ing to ayoung unmarried woman. 2.
MaG'I, n. [Gr. ixayucq (sc. tc/cvij). Mag'net-IsM, n. 1. The force in naFresh new pure virgin
See Magi.] Science or practice of
ture whicn gives rise to the phenom- Maid'N-iieai>, n.
1. State of beevoking spirits or educing the occult
ena exhibited by the loadstone, &c. JJaid'en-hood,
ing a maid vir>
powers of nature, and performing
2. Science which treats of magnetic
giDity.
2. Freshness
purity
phenomena. 3. Power of attraction. MAid'n-ly, a.
things wonderful by their aid.
Becoming a maidgentle
modest.
Animal magnetism. See Mesmerism.
Syn. Sorcery witchcraft; necromancy; conjuration; enchantment.
MXg'NET-IZE, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. Maid'-serv'ant, n. A female serUSAG'ie,
Relating, to magic
[vant.
( a.
To communicate magnetic proper- Mai'iiem, n. See Maim.
Mag'I-AL, ) done by euchantmeut.
[Lat. macula, a spot, a
2.
To attract as if by a Mail, n.
ties to.
mesh.]
Mag'I-al-ly, adv. By the arts of
1. Demagnet.
v. i.
To acquire magfensive
magic.
armor
netic properties.
Pertaining to the Magi.
One of the Magi.

a.

Science of

sing.

n.

Ma-gi'cian

One

(-jish'an), n.

skilled

in magic a necromancer.
Mag'IS-te'RI-AL, a. [Lat. magiste;

Pertainiug
; magisti-r, master.]
or appropriate to a master; authoriimperious.
tative
Syn. Dogmatical arrogant. One
who is magisterial, assumes the nir of a
one who is
master toward his pupils
dogmatical lays down his positions in a
tone of authority or dictation one who
is arrogant insults others by an undue
assumption of superiority.
rius

Mag'is-te'ri-aL-ly, adv.

AVith the

air of a master.

Mag'is-tra-cy,

n.

1.

Office or dig-

nity of a magistrate.
magistrates.

Mag'is-trate,

n.

Cody of

2.

[Lat.

n.
Electricity evolved by the action of

rings or plates.
Armor; defensive covering,
3. [0.
II. Ger.
2.

magnets.

MAG'NET-OM'E-TER,

n.

[Gr. ^.ayvr}-

tt)s, magnet, and fxerpov, measure.]

An instrument for measuring any of
the terrestrial magnetic elements.
MAG-NIF'I,
a.
[Lat. magnifiMAG-NlF'i-e-AL,
cus; magnus, great,
and facere, to make.] Grand; splen-

mail.

mail.

malaha, malha, wallet.]

bag for

and papers. 4. Contents of

5. One who, or the car-

letters

such a bag.

riage which, conveys the mail.

did

illustrious.

Ma g-nif' r-A T, n.
fies.]

[Lat.

it

t.

magni-

The song of the Yirgin Mary,

Luke i. 46.
Mag-nif'i-cence,

Quality of ben.
ing magnificent pomp.
MAG-NiF'l-9ENT,flr. 1. Grandin appearance. 2. Exhibiting grandeur.
Syn. Splendid; pompous: gorgeous;
brilliant;

v.

[-ED; -ing.] 1. To put a coat of

mail upon. 2. To prepare for transmission by the mail to post.
Maii/a-ble, a. Proper to be admitted into the mail.
Mail'-coach, n. A coach that conveys the public mails.
Maim, v. t. [-ED -ing.] [L. Lat.

magistra-

magisler, master, chief.]

A
person clothed with power as a public civil power.
tus

composed of steel

Mag'net-o-e-leci-tric'i-ty,

mahamiarc prob. of Celtic origin.]

To deprive of the use of a limb.
2. To deprive of a necessary part.
Syn. To mutilate; mangle; crip,

1.

imposing.

Mag-nif'i-ENT-ly, adv. In a magple; disabln.

nificent manner.
n.
1. Privation of the use of a
great charter.] The great charter
MXg'ni-fFer,
n.
1. One who maglimb.
2. Any mutilation or injury.
of English rights, obtained by the
nifies.
2. An optical instrument, MAIN, n.
[A.-S. m'dgen, mdgn, from
barons from King John, A. D. 1215.
magniwhich
increases
apparent
the
magan,
to be able.
See MAY.] 1.
Mag'NA-NIM'I-TY, n. Greatness of
tude of bodies.
Strength force might.
2. Chief
mind elevation or dignity of soul.

Mag'nA-GhaR'TA

[Lat.,

fkar/ta),

Generosity. In

is

generosity

more of heart in magnanimity

soul. The former is the virtue
;

more of
of an individual, the latter of one who is
elevated by station or influence
Magnanimity is shown not only by giving,
but by enduring.

Mag-nan'i-mous,
imus

Syn.
there

magnus,

a.
[Lat- magnangreat, and animus,

Great of mind of lofty

and honorable.
Mag-nXn'i-moOs-ly, adv.
In a
mind.]
spirit.

1.

2.

Liberal

magnanimous manner.

Mag'ni-fy,-i\

t.
[-ED; -ING, 142.]
[Lat. magnifir.are ; magnus, great,
and facere, to make.] 1. To make

great or greater. 2.
power or glory of;

To
to

or principal part; specifically, (a.)

The ocean, as distinguished from a
bay, gulf, &c. (b.) The continent,
as distinguished from an island, (c.)
A principal pipe leading from a reservoir.
a. 1. Mighty powerful vast.
2. Firstin size, rank, importance, &c.
Syn. Principal; chief; leading; car-

increase the
sound the

praises of.

Syn. To enlarge; amplify; augment; exaggerate; exalt; extol; praise.

Mag-nIl'o-quen^e, n.
Mag-nil'o-quent, a.
nus, great, and
Speakingloftily

dinal; capital.

Bombast.

Main'-deck,

[Lat. magloquens, speaking.]

Deck next below

n.

the spar deck in frigates.

Main'-land, n. The continent

bombastic.

opposed to island.
[From Lat. magnus, Mag'ni-tude, n. [Lat. magniludo;
magnus, great.] 1. Extent of di- MAIN'EY, adv. 1. Chiefly; princia perpally.
2. Greatly
mightily.
mensions bulk size. 2. Greatness
son of distinction.
Main'MAST, n. The principal mast
grandeur. 8. Importance.
Mag-ne'si-a (-n^zhi-a, or -ne^zha), n.
in
a
vessel.
[a ship.
[Gr. Ai'0os Mct-yi/^ios, the magnet, Mag-no'li-a, n. [Named after Pierre
The principal sail in
Magnol.] A tree having large fra- Main'sail, n.
also a mineral that looked like silgrant flowers, found in the southern Main'spring, n. The moving spring
ver.]
An earth the oxide of magof a watch or clock
States.
hence, the
nesium.
most powerful motive.
Carbonate of magnesia, a white pul- Mag'pie, n. [From Mag, or Meg,
verulent earth used as a mild cathartic.
A Main'-stay, n. Main support prinequiv. to Margaret, and pie.]
Mag-ne'sian, a. Pertaining to, concipal dependence.
noisy bird, allied to the crow, but
taining, or resembling, magnesia.
Main-tain', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Fr.
smaller, and snowy white below.
maintenir; main, hand, and tenir,
MAG-NE'l-UM(-zhi-um), n. Theme- Ma-hog 'a-nv, n. [The native South
tallic base of magnesia.
to hold.] 1. To hold in any particAmerican name] A tree of tropical
MAG'NET, n. [Gr. Ai'0o<r MayvrJ-n??,
2. To keep
ular state to keep up.
America and its hard reddish-brown
i. e., Magnesian stone, fr. Magnesia,
possession of. 3. To continue. 4.
wood.
inThessaly.] 1. The loadstone an Ma-hom'ed-an,
expense
of.
5.
To supbear
the
To
n.
See Mohamiron ore, which attracts iron, and, Ma-hom'et-an, j
port by assertion or argument.
medan.
Capable
a.
of
when freely suspended, points to the Maid, n.
Main-tAin'a-ble,
[A.-S. mdgedh, mdgdh,
poles.
2. Magnetized steel or iron.
being maintained.
magden, meeden.] 1. A virgin a

Mag'nate,
great.]

n.

noble or grandee

Mag-net'ig,
Mag-net'ig-al,

1
)

a.

Relating to, or
possessing the

properties of, the magnet.

A,

I,

o,

fj,

maiden.

2.

female

Maid'.en (mad'n),

f, long; &,,!, o, ts,, short;

maid.

2.

An

vant.
[See supra.] 1.
instrument for be-

Main'te-nan9E,

sei

n.

cAre, far, ask,

all,,

support; defense.
tenance.

what; ere,

VEIL,

n.

1.
2-

Sustenance

Means

o* sus-

TEEM; PIQUE, fIrm;

s6n,

;;

MAINTOP

;;

MALVERSATION

261
posed.] 1. A lingering or deep-seated disease or sickness. 2. A moral
defect or disorder.
Disorder; distemper; sickness,
Syx.
ailment; disease; illness. See Disease.

pernicious.
t.
Unfavorable;
v.
[-ed -ING.] To traduce to vilify.
Ma-lig'nan-^y, n. 1. Extreme malevolence
malice.
2.
Virulence

A
tendency to mortification.
[Lat. malignans,
Indian corn.
Mal/A-PERTV, a. [0. Fr. ill, bad, and MA-lIg'NAJJT, a.
doing maliciously.] 1. Disposed to
Ma-JES'TI, a. Possessing or exhibitSaucy
apert, open, intelligent.]
2. Perdo harm, or cause distress.
ing majesty of imposing grandeur.
forward.
n. A pert, saucy person.
heinous.
nicious
3. Tending to
Syx. August; splendid: grand; sub- Mae-.ap'RO-POS' (mal-ap'ro-po'), adv.
produce death.
lime; magniricent; imperial; regal; royUnseasonably
[Fr. mal d propos.]
al; pompous; stately; lofty; dignified.
Syx. Malicious malevolent; bitter;
unsuitably.
rancorous: spiteful; resentful; envious;
MA-JES'Tie-AL-LY, adv.
With maj- MA-LA'RI-A, v. [It., fr. mala aria,
malign. See Malicious.
bad air.] Air tainted by deleterious
esty.
Ma-lig'nant-ly, adv. With extreme
emanations from organic matter.
MXJ'ES-TY, n. [Lat. majestas. fr. 0.
malevolence.
Ma-la'ri-ous, a. Pertaining to, or
1. Grandeur;
Lat. majus, great.]
n.
Top of the mainmast
of a ship or brig.
Maize, n. [From mnhiz or mahis,
plant
the native name in Hayti.]
and its fruit, indigenous to America;

Main'Top,

,'

exalted dignity. 2. Title of a king or

queen [in this sense taking a pi.].
a. [Lat. conipar. of magnus,
great.] 1. Greater in number, quan2. More important.
tity, or extent.

MA'JOR,

n.

An

[Mil.)

1.

officer

rank above a captain.

2.

next in
person

of full age. 3. That premise which

forms the predicate of the conclusion in a syllogism.

MA'JOR-DO'MO,
greater,
ard.

n.

Ma'jor-gex'er-al,
MA-j6r'I-TY,

n.

major,

[Lat.

and clomus, house.]

See

n.

stew[AL.

Gexer-

[L. Lat. majoritas.]

1. Rank of a major. 2. Condition of

being of age to manage one's own

concerns.

3.

More thairhalf.

Plurality.'
In elections, he
Syx.
has a plurality who has more votes than
any other candidate
he has a majority
wrio has more than half the votes given
;

for all the candidates.

Make,

[made; making.]

[A.1.
To cause to exist
S. macian.]
to
fashion
produce
frame
to
to
to create
hence, to construct to
2. To cause
effect; to do
to gain.
3. To esteem, or
to be or become.
represent.
To
require;
to com4.
to constitute
pel.
5- To compose
to form.
6. To reach or arrive at.
1. To tend
to proceed to
v. i.
move. 2. Hence, to contribute to
have effect. 3. To increase to accrue.
n. Structure texture conshape form.
[tense.
struction
Make'-be-lieve', n.
mere preMak'er, . One who makes, forms,
r.

shapes, or molds

a manufacturer

often, specifically, the Creator.

n.
temporary ex-

Make'-shift,
pedient.

MAke'-weight
which

is

(-wat), n.
scale to

thrown into a

That

make

weight.

MXl'A-CHITE

(49), n.

[Gr. fxaAdxy,

a mallow
from its resembling the
green color of the leaf.] Native carbonate of copper.
;

Mal'A-6l'0-GV,

[Gr. juaAaKo;,
The
soft, and \6yos, discourse.]
science which relates to the structure and habits of mollusks.
Bad
Mal'ad-min-is-tra'tion, n.
management of business.
n.

formation

Imper-

n.

form.
Mal'ON-tent', n. A discontented
subject of government.
a. Discontented with the government
Male, a. [Fr. male, fr. Lat. masculus,
male, masculine.] Relating to the
sex that begets young; masculine.
n.
An animal of the male sex.
fect

ill

Mal'e-dic'tion,

Denunciation

ii.

of evil declaration of a wish of evil.

Curse imprecation
execraSyx.
tion. Malediction is the most general
term, denoting bitter reproach or wishes
;

and predictions of

evil.
Curse implies
the desire or threat of evil, declared upon
oath or in the most solemn manner.
Imprecation is literally the praying
down of evil upon a person. Execration
is literally a putting under the ban of
excommunication, a curse which excludes from the kingdom of God.

Mal'e-fac'TOR,
facer e, to do
mits a crime.

male,

Wishing

ill,

evil

fr.

male-

Quality of be-

n.

Malice.

[Lat. malevovolens, disposed.]

disposed to injure
a.

and

others.

Evil-minded resentful; maliSyx.

cious; malignant; rancorous.
;

Ma-lev'o-lent-ly,

arfi),

In a ma-

manner.

levolent

maligns

a traducer

Ma-lig'ni-ty,

Extreme malev-

1.

ii.

olence virulent enmity.

quality.
;

Ma-lin'ger,

2.

Deadly

[-ED -TNG.] [Fr.

v. i.
sickly, weakly.]
To feign

malingre,

illness or to protract disease, in

order

to avoid duty.

Mal'i-on
ed

(-zn), n. [0. Fr., contract-

malediction.]

fr.

Malediction.

MA.LL (mawl), n.
[Lat. malleus.] A
large wooden beetle; a maul.
v. i.

To beat with a mall

[-ED -ING.]
maul.
;

to

Mall

(mal), n.
[Orig. a walk where
they played with malls and balls.]
A level, shaded public walk.
Mal'LARD, ii. [Fr. malart, fr. male,
male, and the termination art, ard.]
The common duck in its wild state.
Mal'le-a-BiL'I-ty, n.
Quality of
being malleable.

One who com- Mal'le-a-ble,

See

ing malevolent.

Ma-lev'O-lent,
lens

[Lat.,

n.

evil.]

Ma-lEv'o-lence,

(ma-lm'er), n. One who

a defamer.

Ma-lign'er

infected by, malaria.

Mal-con'for-ma'tion,

[From Low Lat.

a.

Capable of being drawn

out and extended by beating.
MAL'LE-ATE,t'.t. [-ED;-ING.] [L.
malleare.]

Lat. malleare, -atum ; Lat. malleus,

a hammer.] To draw into a plate or
leaf by _beating.
Mal'le-a'tion, n.
Act of beating
into a plate or leaf.
ii. [Vr.maillet. See Mall.]
wooden hammer for driving the

Mal'let,

chisel.
MAL-FEA'gANCE, . [Fr. malfais- MAL'LOW,
)n. [A.-S.mealwe,malH,
ance.
See Malefactor.]
Evil
Mal'lows,)
from Lat. malva.] A
conduct illegal deed.
plant of the genus Malva.
Mal'for-ma'tion, ii. Irregular forMalm'sey,
(rnanPzy), n.
[0. Eng.
mation or structure.
;

Mal'ICE,
bad,

[Lat. malitia;

n.

mains,

Unprovoked malignity or

ill.]

spite.

Malevolence
malignity.
Syx.
There is the same difference between
malevolence and malice as between wishintentions.
malevolent
A
man dees and
;

sires to see others unhappy, and rejoices

when they are so a malicious man is
habitually bent upon injuring others
without cause. Malignity goes further;
it is not only bent on evil, but loves it
for its own sake.
;

Ma-lPcious

(-l!sh/us), a.
1. Indulging or exercising malice.
2. Proceeding from hatred or malice.
Ma-lPcious-ly (-lish'ns-), adv. With
malice, enmity, or ill-will.

malvesie, from Malvasia, in the

Morea.]
A sort of grape; also, a
kind of sweet wine.
MAL PRACTICE, ii. Professional misconduct of a physician.
MALT, n. [A.-S. meltan, to melt,
cook.] Barley, or other grain, steeped
in water till it germinates, and then
dried in a kiln.
It is used in brewing.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To make
into malt.
To become malt.
v. i.

A man

Malt'MAN
occupation

(149), n.
is to make malt.

Mal-treat',
treat

ill

v.

t.

[-ED

to abuse.

Mal-treat'ment,

ii.

Ill

whose

-ING.] To
[abuse.

treatment

n.
A maltman.
Mal/a-droit', a.
[Fr.]
Clumsy MA-LIGN' (-lin'), a.
[Lat. vialignus, Mal'VER sa'TION, n. [Lat. male, ill,
awkward unskillful.
for maligenus, of a bad kind or naand versatio, from versari, to move
Mal'a-dy, n. [Fr. maladie, fr. Lat.
ture.]
1. Having a very evil dispoabout, to occupy one's self] Cor-

Malt'ster_,

male aptus,

or, do,

ill-fitted,

i.

e.,

indis-

sition

wolf, too, took; urn, rue, pyLL

malignant
,

/,

o, silent

malicious.
:

2.

ruption or extortion in

<},&,soft; ,Gr>hard; A;

e^ist;

office.

nqsng;

this.

MAMALUKE
MXm'a-luke,
MaM'e-luke,

[Ar.

n.

purchased slave or a
I
captive.]
One of the former mounted soldiery of Egypt.
Mam-ma', n. Mother;
a word of
tenderness and familiarity, used
chiefly by young children.
MAm'mal,w. [Lat. mammalis, belonging to the breast
breast.]
An animal of the highest class of
Tertebrates, characterized by the fe-

mamma,

MANKIND

262

mamlnk, a MXn'da-rYn',

'

counselor.]

[Skr.

n.

manlrin, a

Chinese public

a.

Pertaining

breast,

and

the

to

[Lat.
fern, to bear.]

n.

mal.
MAM-MlF'ER-C-iJ!;, a. Having breasts
nourishing the young by suckling.

Mam'mil-LA-RY,

[Lat.

a.

mammilla,

mamma, breast, pap.] Pertaining to the paps.

[Chald. mammCn,
Mam'mon, n.
treasury.] Riches wealth also, the
god of riches.
Mam'MOTH, n. [Russ. marnont* from
Tartar mamma, the earth, because
was thought that this animal
it
worked its way in the earth like a
mole.]
An extinct elephant.
a.
dim. of

Very

large

gigantic.

MAn'DRAKE,

A low plant,
mamma, the
often forked.
A mam- Man'drel, n.

breasts or paps.

Mam'MI-fr,

tropical tree, forming

[Lat.

ness
to the

jaw, or mandible.

MXm'ma-ry,

dense forests.

mandata- MAN'GY, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] Incharge.] Oue to

fected with the mange scabby.
whom a command or charge is given. Man'hood, n. [Eng. man, and suffix
hood.] 1. State of being man. 2.
Man'date, n. An official or authorManlv quality courage resolution.
[command.
itative command.
Man'da-to-ry (50), a. Containing a MX'Nl-A, n. [Gr. fxavia.} 1. Violent
MAN'DI-BLE, n. [Lat. mandibulum;
derangement of mind madness. 2.
m and ere, to chew.] The lower jaw Excessive or unreasonable desire.
also applied to des- MA'NI-A,a.
of vertebrates
Raving with madness;
mad.
ignate both jaws of birds, and the
n.
One raving with mad-

Man'da-ta-ry, n.
rius ; mundatum a

male suckling its young.

upper pair in invertebrates.
flAM-MA'.Ll-A,n.pL [See supra.] A
class of animals, comprehending the Man-dib'u-lar, a. Belonging

mammals.

officer.

manggi.]

[uess.

Manichees.
[Gr. fj.avSpa.y6pa?.]
having a fleshy root, Man/j-che'an,

long hair on the neck of some quadrupeds.

Ma-NEGE' (ma-nazh'), n. [Fr. manege,
L. Lat.

madman.

n.

[Gr. fxdvSpa, an inclosed space] 1. A bar of metal inserted in the work to hold it as in a
lathe.
2. The spindle which carries
the center-chuck of a lathe.
Mane, n. [0. II. Ger. mana.] The

fr.

Ma-nI'A-al, a. Affected with madMan'i-che'ajn, a. Pertaining to the

managium management.]
,

1. Art of horsemanship, or of training horses.

2. A school for teaching horsemanship, &c.
Ma'ne$, n. pi. [Lat., fr. 0. Lat. manus, good.] (Rom. Myth.) Souls of
the departed.
Ma-neu'ver, In. [Fr. manmuwe,

) n.
A follower of
Manes, a Persian,
J
there are two supreme
light, author of all good,
principles
and darkness, author of all evil.
Man'I-fest, a. [Lat. manifestus.]
Clearly visible to the eye obvious to
the understanding.
Clear; evident; plain obvious.
S yn.
What is clear can be seen in all its
bearings; what is plain can be seen by
any man without study or reflection;
what is obvious lies directly in our way,
and must be seen by every one; what is
evident, is seen forcib'y, and leaves no
hesitation on the mind; what is manifest
is evident in a very high decree, striking
upon the mind at once with overpower-

MAN'I-CHEE,
who held that

ing conviction.

n.

An invoice of a ship's cargo, to

be exhibited at the custom-house.
L. Lat. manopera,
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To show plainly.
J
lit. hand-work.] 1. An evolution, or
2. To exhibit prepared invoices of, at
change of position, among troops or
the custom-house.
ships. 2. Adroit proceeding strata- Man'I-fes-ta'tion, n. Act of manifesting or disclosing
gem.
v. i. [-ED -ING.] 1. To make
exhibition
display; revelation.
an evolution. 2. To manage with
[dently.
Clearly; eviaddress.
v. t. To change the posi- Man'i-fest-ly, adv.
Man/I-fes'to, n. ; pi. man'I-fes'tions of, as troops or ships.

MXn,m. ; pi. MEN. [A..-S. mann, man;

Skr. man, to think.] 1. A human Ma-N(EU'VRE,

An

adult male person. 3.

sometimes, the
4. One of
manly strength or virtue. 5. A male
attendant.
6.
A husband. 7. A
piece with which a game is played.
Man-of-war, a first-class ship of war.
v.t. [-ned; -ning.]
1. To sup2. To furnish with
ply with men.
strength for action to fortify.

being.

2.

The human race

male part of the race.

Ma-neu_'ver-er,

Ma-nceu'vrer,

One who ma-

n.

neuvers.

Maiv'ful, a. Showing manliness, or

[ner.
manly spirit.
MXn'a-CLE, n. [Lat. manicula ; manus, hand.] A handcuff a shackle. Man'ful-ly, adv. In a manful man[Corrupt, fr. Lat.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] To put hand- Man/GA-nese', n.
magnes, magnet, because of its repuffs on
to shackle.
semblance to the magnet.] A very
Man'age, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From
hard metal of a dusky white color.
Lat. mansio, habitation.] 1. To have
under control and direction. 2. To Mange, n. [Fr. manger, to eat.] The
itch in cattle, dogs, &c.
guide by careful or delicate treatv.i. MAN'G-EL-wfJR / z.EL, (mang / gl-wQr / ment. 3. To train, as a horse.
[From Ger. mangold, beet,
zl), n.
To conduct affairs.
mangoldwurzel beet-root.] A plant
MAN'AGE-A-BL,E,a. 1. Capable of beof the ordinary beet kind.
ing managed. 2. Easily made subMAN'GER, n. [Fr. mangeoire, from
servient to one's views or designs.
manger, to eat.] A trough or box in
Man'age-ment, n. 1. Act or manwhich fodder is put for cattle.
ner of treating, directing, or carryMan'GI-ness, n. Condition of being
2. Cunning practice.
ing on.
3.
Board of managers.
mangy scabbiness.
Man'gle, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S.
JsJJan'A-ger, n. 1. One who manages
be-mancian, to maim.] 1. To hack,
a conductor or director.
2. A good
;

economist.

MANCH'l-NEEL'fm&ntch'-), n. [From
Lat. malum Matianum, a kind of
apple, because its fruit resembles an
apple.]
A poisonous tree of the
W'PBt Indies.
n.
[Lat., we command.]
writ from asuperior court,

to lacerate to mutilate. 2.
by piecemeal. 3. To smooth
[Gr.
n.
with a mangle, as linen.
A rollixdyyavov, axis of a pulley.]
ing-press for smoothing linen.

as flesh
To take

n. [Malay, mangga.] 1. The

of a tree, of the East Indies,
2. A green muskoften pickled.

fruit

commanding the performance of

melon pickled.
Man'grove, n.
some specified duty.
I,

O, U, \,long; A,Z,1, O,

tJ,

Man/go,

Man-da' mus,

A, E,

f, Short

TOE. A public declaration, usually

of a sovereign or ruler, showing his
intentions.

MAN'I-FOLD,
ity

many and

1.

numerous.

suffix kin.]

An

artificial jireparation

exhibiting the different parts of the

human

body.

Ma'NI-o,

n. [Braz.

mandioca.]

1.

The

plant from which cassava and tapioca

are prepared. 2. The cassava itself.

Man'I-ple,

n.

[Lat.

maniplus, a handful.]

manipulus,
A hand-

1.

small band of soldiers. 3.

A kind of scarf worn by Roman
Catholic priests.
Ma-nip'tj-lar, a. Pertaining to the
maniple, or company.
MA-NIP'U-LATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
[L. Lat. manipulare, -latum, to lead
by the hand.] To treat, work, or operate with the hands.
Ma-nip'u-la'tion, n. Act of manipulating use of the hands in an artistic or skillful manner, [nipulates.
2.

ful.

One who man.

1. The human
(72), n.
man. 2. Men as distinguished
from wdmen.

MA-NIP'U-LA'TOR,

Man-kind'
race

[Malay, manggi-

[Eng.

a.

Various in kind or qual2. Exhibited at divers times or in various ways.

Man'I-kin, n. [Eng. man and dim.
fold.]

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

T2RI.I-, ri'QUE,

FIRM

S6N,


MANLINESS
Man'li-NESS,

Quality of being

rc.

manly.
JIAn'ly,

MARINE

263
to expand. 2.
on the surface.

To kiCome covered

marasca, a sour cherry.]

spirit distilled

from

A delicate

cherries.

n.
[Gr. ju.apao-ju.6i-i
Man'tle-piece,
A mantel. See Ma-rXs'MUS,
A wasting of fiesh without apparent
man and ly.] Having qualities be- Man'tle-shelf,
Mantel.
disease; atrophy.
coming a man firm brave
un- Man'tle -tree.
*
daunted dignified noble stately. Man'TU-A (mun'tu-a or m:Wtu), rc. Ma-raud', v. i. [-ED -ing.] [Fr. marauder, fr. marau-i, rascal, Lat. male
[Either fr. Fr. manteau, or fr. ManSyn. Manful. Manful refers to vigruptus, badly broken, debauched.?
tua, in Italy.
See MANTLE.] A
or and resolution as attributes of our
race, and is opposed to weak or cowardTo rove in quest of plunder.
woman's gown or dress.
ly; manhi has reference to maturity of
Man'TUA-mak'ER
(mSn'tu-mak'er), Ma-raud'er, n. A rover in ques':
years or elevation of spirit, and is opof booty or plunder.
rc. A ladies' dressmaker.
or
mean.
we
puerile
Hence
to
posed
*Deak of a manful endurance of evil, and Man'u-AL a. [Lat. manualis ; manus, MAR'BLE It. [Gr. juapjuapo?, fr. /u.apJ

[-ER; -EST, 142.] [From

a.

conduct or deportment.

nanlij

DOn'-mid'wife,

the baud.]

A man who

rc.

practices obstetrics.

[neb. man, gift, manan,

Jf AN'NA, rc.
to bestow.] 1. A substance miraculously furnished as food for the Israelites in the wilderness. 2. A sweetish secretion from many trees.

1.

Pertaining to, or per-

formed by, the hand. 2. Used or

n.
1.
A small
made by hand.
book, such as may be conveniently
handled. 2. Service-book of the Roman Catholic church. 3. Key-board
of an organ or harmonium.

/uaipeii/,

to sparkle

1.

Calcareous

compact texture.

stone, of a

made

2.

or resembling, marble esp., a little ball useuas a plaything by children.

[-ED;
v. t.
-ING.] To stain or vein like marble.

thing

of,

Marc,

where something is made, from fartor, a maker, from facere, factum, to

make.] A house or place where any
thing is manufactured a factory.

Refuse matter from

the pressure of grapes, &c.
Mar-ces'CENT, a. [Lat. marcescens,
withering.]
Drooping; fading.
MARCH, rc. 1. [Fr. Lat. Martins, belonging to Mars, the god of war.]
Third month of the year. 2. Mili-

^VIan'u-fagt'ure (53), rc. [Lat. marcws, the hand, and factura, a making.]
1. Operation of making any
Man'NER-isM, rc. Adherence to a pewares, by the hands, by art, or maculiar style or manner, [mannerism.
chinery. 2. Any thing made from
Man'NER-IST, n*.
One addicted to
raw materials, v. t. [-ed -ING].
Man'ner-LY, a. Showing good man1. To make or fabricate from raw
[lino.
ners civil respectful.
materials.
2. To work into suitable
MAn'nish, a. Like, a man nnascu[manufactures.
forms for use.

tary progress. 3. Measured and regular advance, as of soldiers. 4. A

piece of music to march by. 5. Distance passed over. 6. [A.-S. mearc f
mark, boundary allied to Lat. margo, margin. See MARK.] Frontier
of a territory
a confine.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.] [Orig., to go to the.
boundary to defend it. See MARCH,

Ma-nceu'vre, rc. See Maneuver.

One who
Man'u-fact'ur-er, rc.
Man'-of-war', ii. A government Man'u-m'is'sion (-ruish'un), n. Act

1. To move by steps and in order, as soldiers. 2. To walk in a deliberate or stately manner.

v. t.
To cause to move in military arrcjy.
Mar'chion-ess (-shun-), rc. [L. Lat.

MAN'NER,

manarius, from

[Lat.

n.

manus, the hand.]

Mode
mode

of notion.
2. Characteristic
cf actdeing habitual style behavior
portment habit
3. Certain degree
or measure. 4. Sort kind style.
1.

Man'u-fa'to-ry, . [Lat. manus,

the hand, and factorium, a place

rc.

[Fr.]

Syjt.

Method.

See

employed in war.

vessel

Max'OR.

[0.

rc.

habitation,

fr.

of manumitting.

Fr. manoir, maner,

Lat. mature, to stay,
to a lord

The land belonging

dwell.]

longing to a

Ma-NO'RI-al

n.

[-ted;

t.

Pertaining to

a.

cation of a fertilizing substance.

with an upper and under set of

ters.
SeellOOF.

raf-

[Low Lat. mansa. Cf.

Mansion.] 1. A house especially,
n.

a parsonage-house.

Man'SION,

2.

A firm.

[Lat.

Man'slaugh-ter

(-slaw-ter),7i.

unlawful killing of%,

man

The

Man'tjsl-pieoe,
Man'tel-she'lf,

MAN'TL-TREE,

Mantel.

Mantle] A

rc.
[See
lady's cloak of silk or velvet.
Man'tle (nian'tl), rc. [Lat. mantellum t mantelum.] 1.
loose garment to be worn over others hence,

a concealing envelope.

To cover
hide.

v-

v.

t.

or envelop
i.

1.

To

2.

A mantel.

[-ed; -ing.]

rise

to cloak

to

and spread

Pin-

Mau-OID'i-ty,

rc.
Great leanness.
n.
[A.-S. mere, from mrar.
mearh, horse.] Female of the horse.

Hare's

nest,

any thing very absurd

or

ludicrous, or a hoax.

Mare'sciial

(mar'shal),

[0. Fr.]

rc.

n.

great

number

a crowd.

[Lat. mappa, napkin, signaldelineation of the surface

rc.

of the earth, or of any part of it a

[-ped
-PING.] To
chart, v.t.
delineate, as the figure of any por[species.
tion of land.
Ma'ple rc. A genus of tree of several
-ring.]
[A.-S.
Mar, v. t. [-red
merran, to obstruct, dissipate.] 1.
To injure by making defective to
damage to hurt. 2. To impair the
rc.
good looks of; to disfigure.
A
blemish made by bruising, scratching, &c. an injury.
;

fold; various; divers; sundry.

marchio, marquis

A marshal.
MOST.] Marge, rc. A margin.
Comprising Mar'gin, rc. [Lat. margo, marginis.]
1. Border
edge
verge.
2. The
a great number of individuals.
part of a page at the edge left unSyn. Numerous frequent mani[MORE

a.

n. See

Man-tii/lA,

Mantel.]

fr.

manig, menig.]

cloth.]

,'Man'T.EL (man'tl), rc. The work, or a

narrow shelf, over the fire-place.
Man'tel-et, ti. [Fr. mantelet, dim.
ofO. Fr. mantel. See Mantle. J A
small cloak worn by women.

(men'y),

[A.-S.

without Map,

malice.
I/

[See

the
[Lat. maprinted.
n.
nus, the hand, and scribere, scripturn, to. write.]
A book or paper
written with the hand.

hand; not

MAN'Y

mansio, a remaining, a dwelling, from manere,

mansion, to stay, dwell.] A house
esp., one of some size or pretension.
n.

marchionissa,

Mare,

Man'SARD-roof, n. [So called from

n. Any fertilizing substance.
its inventor.] A kind of roof formed Man'u-SR'ipt, a.
Written with
Manse,

rc.]

manor
_(89),

v.

(110),

-TING.] [Lat. manumittere ; manus,

the hand, and mittere, to send off.]

Wife or widow of a marquis.

To release from slavery.
The house be- Ma-NURE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Contr. Mar'CID, a. [Lat. marcidus.]
ing wasted away lean.
[a manor.
fr. manamrre.]
To enrich by appli-

or nobleman.

Man'or-house,

MAN/U-MIT'

covered in writing or printing. 3.

Difference between the price and sale
of an article, or between actual and
-ING.]
estimated cost.
v. t. [-ED
i. To furnish with a margin to border to leave room to be filled up by
anticipated profits. 2. To enter in
the margin of a page.
Mar/GIN-AL. a. 1. Pertaining to a
margin. 2. Inserted iu the margin.
Mar'GRAVE, rc. [Ger. markgraf,\. c.
lord chief justice of the march. Sco
March.] A German nobleman of
a rank equivalent to that of an En[grave.
glish marquis.
Mar'gra-vine, n. Wife of a mar-

Mar'a-nath'a,

or Mar-a-na'tha, Mar'i-gold, rc.

[From Mary and
The Lord comes, or
gold.] A plant with a yellow flower.
has come,
a word used in anathe- Ma-rine', a. [Lat. marinus ; mare,
matizing persons.
the sea.] Pertaining to the sea, or
MAR'AS-eHl'NO (-ke'no), n. [It.,
to naval affairs naval nautical.
rc.

[Syriac]

or, do, wolf, too, TO'OK.; urn, rue, pull; E,

o, silent; c, d,soft; v, g, hard;

As; exist

I,

as

ng

THI

MARINER
A

1.

MARTYROLOGY

2G4
pastry preserve made of the pulp of
any of the firmer fruits, as the
quince, pear, &c.

serving on shipthe colboard. 2. Naval economy

lective shipping of a country.
MAr'I-NER, n. A seaman or sailor.
n.

soldier

Mar-mo're-al (124), a. [Lat. marvioreus; marmor,

Ma'ri-ol'a-try, n. [Gr. Mapia, Ma- MAR-MO'RE-AN
marble.] Of, or like, marble.
Worship
ry, and \arpeia, worship.]
Mar'mo-JET', n. [Fr. marmouset an
of the Virgin Mary.
ugly little boy.] A small monkey,
Mar'i-tal, a. [Lat. maritnlis ; ma(

a married man.]
to a husband.

Pertaining

ritus,

much resembling a squirrel.

Mar'mot, n. [Lat. mus montanus,

A rodent,
i. e., mountain-mouse.]
[Lat. marithnus
a.
of about the size of the rabbit.
mare, the sea.] 1. Bordering on, or
connected with, the sea. 2. Relat- Ma-roon', [From Sp. cimarron,

Mar'i-time,

ing to navigation.
Maritime
denotes
Srx. Marine.
primarily, " bordering on the sea," as a
maritime town, coast, nation, &c., and
secondarily, "belonging to those who
border on the sea," as maritime laws,
Marine denotes,
rights, pursuits, &c.

primarily, " of or pertaining to the sea,"

as a marine shell, marine productions,
&c; and secondarily, "transacted at
sea," as marine service; or " doing duty
on the sea," as marine forces, &c.

MarMo-RAM,
fr.

majoraca,

[L. Lat.

n.

Gr. a,aapa.*<ov.]

plant of sev-

eral species, one of which

aromatic and fragrant.

Mark,

mearc]

[A.-S.

n.

trace.

2.

is

very

line,

made on any thing

point, or figure,

1.

sential attribute.

Svx. Impress; impression

stamp

MARK'ER,n.
Mar'ket, n.

[Lat.

MAR-QUEE'

(-kG'), n.

large field-

See

Marquis.

specifically, (a.) (France.)

The highest military officer

(b.) A
kind of sheriff, whose duty it is to
execute the process of the courts of
the United States.
v.
t.
[-ED,

-ING;

or

-LED, -LING,

130.]

1.

Tc

dispose in order to arrange suitably,

2. To lead as a harbinger.
Mar'shal-SHIP, n. Office of a marshal,
[mon in marshes.
;

Marsh'-mal'low,

Aplantcom-

ii.

Marsh'y,
ing

to,

mit.

Mar'ten

tent.

Mar'quess (-kwess), n.
Mar'QUEt-ry (-ket-),

[Jfr.viarquetrrie, fr. marque, mark, sign.]

Work inlaid with different pieces of
colored wood, shells, &c.
MaR'QUIS (-kwis), n. [Fr., fr. Ger.
11.

mark, bound, march.] A nobleman,

of a rank next below that of duke.

Mar'quis-ate,

Dignity or lord-

n.

ship of a marquis.

Mar'riage

(mar'rij), n.
Act of marrying, or state of being married.
Matrimony; wedlock.
Syx.
Marriage is properly the act which unitesthe
two parties, and matrimonii the state into which they enter. Marriage is, however, often used for the state as well as

the act.

Mar'riage-a-ble

(-rij-),

a.

Of an

MAR'RruD,

Formed by marriage

a.

1. See Martin.
(58), n.
[A.-S. miardh.]
carnivorous
allied to the weasel.
Mar'tial (mLr'shal), a. [Lat. martialis; Mars, god of war.]
1. Pertaining to war military. 2. Given
to war
brave. 3. Belonging to war
or to an army and navy.

2.

animal

Martial Jaw, an arbitrary kind of law,

extending to matters of civil as well as
of criminal jurisdiction. It is quite distinct from military law.
Syx. Warlike. Martial refers more
war in action, its array, its attendants,
&c, as, martial music, tx martial appearance, martial array, courts-martial, &c.
Warlike describes the feeling or temper
which leads to war, and the adjuncts
connected with it, as, a warlike nation,
warlike preparations, a warlike attitude
of things, &c.
to

Mar'tin,

age suitable for marriage.

mercatus ; merx,

&c.

One who marks.

mercis, merchandise.] 1. A public

place where provisions or cattle are.
exposed to sale. 2. A town, region,
&c, where there is a demand for an
article
hence, demand and sale, or
[-ed -ing.] To
exchange.
v. i.
buy or sell to make bargains.
MAR'KET-A-BLE,a. Fit to be offered

tions,

v.t.

[-ED ; -ING.] 1. To make

2. To give atvisible sign upon.
To
to remark.
v.t.
tention to
take particular notice to note.

fugitive slave liv-

ing on the mountains in the West

-ING.] To put
Indies, v.t. [-ED
ashore on a desolate isle, for some
crime.
a.
[Fr. marron, chestnutcolored.] Brownish-crimson.
n. A
brownish-crimson or claret color.

vestige; characteristic; token; badge.

the arrangement oi
the conduct of opera-

ceremonies,

a.
Resembling, or pertaina marsh boggy fenny.
MAR-SU'PI-AL, a.
[Gr. fxapavmov,
pouch, bag.] Having, or pertaining
to, a pouch for carrying the immature young, or to animals so furnished.
n.
One of the marsupial
Mar'PLOT, n. One who officiously
animals.
interferes, and so mars or defeats a MAE-Sfj 'pi-ate, a.
Related to the
marsupial animals furnished with
design.
Marque (milrk), n. [See Mark.] A
a pouch for the young.
license to pasa the limits of a juris- MART, n.
[Contracted from market.]
A market.
diction, and make reprisals.
Letters of marque, a license to make Mar-tel'lo Tow'er. [It. martello,
reprisals at sea on the subjects of another
hammer.] A round tower on the
government.
sea-coast, with a gun on the sum-

wild, unruly.]

significative token. 3.

4. A
Distinguished pre-eminence.
character made, instead of signature,
by one who can not write. 5. A thing
aimed at. 6. A characteristic or es-

charged with
j

n.

bird of the swallow

kind.

Mar'tin-et',

conjugal; connubial.'

[From an

officer

of

[weil.
salable.
for sale
Mar'row, n. [A.-S. mearg, mearh.]
that name in the Fr. army under
Marks'man (149), n. One who shoots
1. A soft substance in the cavities
Louis XIV.] A strict disciplinarian.
Marl, n. [L. Lat. margila, W. marl.]
of bones. 2. Essence best part.
Mar'tin-gal, )n.
[Fr. martinA mixed earthy substance, consisting Mar'row-bone, n. 1.- A bone con- Mar'tix-gale,
gale, It. martinof carbonate of lime, clay, and shigala, a sort of hose.] A strap passtaining marrow. 2. pi. [Marybones,
;

v.

[-ed -ing.] To
overspread or manure with marl.
Marl-a'CEOUS, a. Ilesemblingmarl,
or partaking of its qualities.
Mar'EINE, n. [Of uncertain derivation.]
A small line composed of two
strands, a little twisted, used for
v. t. To
winding round cables, &c.
wind marline around.
cious sand.

t.

MAR'lInE-SPIKE,

A tool

11.

separate the strands

rope, in splicing.

Marl'y,

[-er

to

of a

-est, 142.
Consisting of, or resembling
Or abounding with, marl.
a.

SlAR'MA-LADE,
/aijAov,

honey,
A, E,

I,

[Gr.

a sweet apple
/ktjAov,

O, C,

fj.e\C-

M e\i,

apple.]

Y long;

ii 3

in allusion to the genuflections made

The knees.
to the Virgin Mary.]
AR'RO w-F at n A rich kind of pea.
Mar'row-y, a. Full of marrow.

Mar'ry, i\i. [-ed; -ing, 142.] [Lat.

maritare ; maritus, husband.]
1.
To unite in matrimony. 2. To give
away as wife. 3. To take for hus-

wife.
v. i.
To enter into
the conjugal state.
Marj. n. 1. (Myth.) The god of war.
2. One of the planets.
Marsh, n. [A.-S. mersc, fr. mere-.
mire, sea, lake.] Low land, often
covered with water fen morass.
Mar'SHAL, n. [0. H. Ger. marahscalc; m.arah, horse, and scale, servant.]
An officer of high rank,

band or

Marhn
;
*

X, Ojtj,

t, short;

ing between a horse"s fore legs, and

ending in two rings, through which
[Nov. II.
the reins pass.
Mar'tin-mas, n. Feast of St. Martin.
martyr,
Gr. p.ap[Lat.
Mar'tyr, n.
Tvp, a witness who testifies with his
who
suffers
death
for
blood.] 1. One
the truth of the gospel. 2. One who
or
whatever
is
his
life,
of
sacrifices
great value to him, for the sake of
[-ed;
-ing.]
v.t.
1.
any cause.
To put to death for adhering to what
one believes to 1e the truth. 2. To

torment

to torture.
n. Condition or death
[of martyrs.
Mar'TYR-OL'o-gI'st, n. An historian
MAR'TYR-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr^fjidprvp,
;

Mar'tyr-DOM,
of a martyr.

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, v^il, TJSRIIj pique, fIrm; son,

M ARTEL
;

[Lat. mirabilia, wonn.

derful things.] That which arrests
the attention, and causes surprise.

MXr'VEL,

Syx. Wonder; admiration;

ishment; miracle; prodigy.

aston-

V.i.

[-ED.-ING; or -LED, -LING,

To be struck with astonishment.
la. 1. Exciting won-

137.]

Mar'vel-OUS,
Mar'vel-lous,
prodigious.

der or surpri e

Surpassing

2.

belief.

Syx. Wonderful astonishing; surspeak of a

prising; incredible.
thing us wonderful when it awakens our
surprise and admiration; as marrclous
when it is so much out of the ordinary
course of things as to seem nearly or
quite incredible. The victories of Napo;

We

leon were wonderful; the sleight-of-hahd

tricks which are sometimes exhibited are
so marvelous that they would appear incredible if not publicly performed.

Mar'vel-ous-ly,
MAR'VEL-LOUS-LY,

adv. Tnamarvelous manner.

Mas'GU-LIXE,

a.
[Lat. masr.tdin.us;
1. Of the
masciilus, male, manly.]
male sex. 2. Having the qualities
of a man not feminine or effeminate. 3. Having inflections pertaining especially to male beings.
[Ger.
Mash, v. t. [-ed; -in.-]
To crush by
meisclien, maischen.]
n.
1. A mixbeating or pressure.
ture of ingredients, beaten together
;

promiscuously.

{Brewing.)

2.

mixture of ground malt and warm

water.

Mask,

maskharat. buffoon,

[At.

n.

pleasantry, any thing ridiculous.] 1.

c
cover or disguise for the ace. 2.
j. A fespretext or subterfuge,
whion
all wear
tive entertainment in
masks. 4. A kind of dramatic peractors
are
formance in which the
1.
.masked, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
To conceal with a mask. 2. To disv. i.
1. To revel.
guise to hide.
2. To be disguised in any way.

A
A

One who wears a mask.

Ma'son (m5/sn). n. [From Lat. ma-

Mask'er,
ceria,

n.

wall.]

1.

MATERIAL

265

martyr, and Aoyos, discourse.] A history of martyrs, with their sufferings a register of martyrs.

A man who

lavs

hricks and stones in structures of

any kind. 2. A Freemason.
Ma-son'ig, a. Pertaining to Free-

catechumens Mas'ti-ca-to-ry
The communion
(50), a. Adapted

the

celebrated after
were dismissed.]

Roman Catholic churches.

The masses, people in general.
[-ED
-ING.] To form into
v. t.
a mass to assemble.
Mas'sa-RE (-ker), n. [Prov. Ger.
meizgern, to kill cattle.]
Coldblooded destruction of life.
carnage. MassaSyx. Butchery
cre denoted originally the killing of victims for sacrifice, and now denotes the
promiscuous slaughter of many without
restraint or remorse. Butchery refers to

to

food.

n. 1. Art. occupation, or

work, of a mason.

The

2.

craft or

mysteries of i'reemasons.
(mask), n. A mask a masquerade.
Mas'quer-ADE' (mas'ker-ad'), n.

Masque
[See

Mask.]

I.

festive

assembly

2. Inof persons wearing masks.

[-ED
v. i.
tentional disguise.
-ING.] 1. To assemble in masks. 2.

To go in disguise.
[Lat. massa
Ger masse,
JIAss, n.
allied to Gr. ju.aa, a barley-cake.] 1.
A great quantity collected.; a heap;
,

magni2. Bulk
main body.
3. Principal part
Quantity of matter which a body
contains. 5. [L. Lat. missa, fr. Lat.
mittere, to dismiss, because it was
an assemblage.
tude.

4.

6r, do,

the
of chewing

office

n. A sub-

stance

be

to

Mastiff.

cold-blooded cruelty in slaughtering, as

brute beasts. Carnage refers to the
heaped-up bodies of the slain.
[-ED -ING.] To murder
v. t.
with circumstances of cruelty
to
if

butcher to slaughter.
Mass'i-ness, n. State of being massy.
Mass'Ive, a.
Forming a mass;
weighty heavy mass}
[massive.
;

MAss'lVE-NESS,

Quality of being
A large assembly to be addressed on some public
occasion. [Amer.]
Mass'y, a. [-er; -EST, 142.] Consisting of a mass
weighty ponderous bulky and heavy.
Mast, n. 1. [A.-S. mast.] An upright
pole or timber in a boat or vessel, to
sustain the sails, rigging, &c. 2. [A.S. mast, fr. Goth, mat an, to nourish.
Cf. Meat.] Fruit of the oak, beech,
&c. ;nuts; acorns.
v. t.
[-ed;
-ing.] To furnish with a mast or
masts.
[or masts.
Mast 'ed, a. Furnished with a mast
n.

MASS'-MEET'ING,

v.

MAs'TER,

[Lat. magister.]

n.

1.

ter of; to conquer.

an adept iu.

2.

chewed.

MAs'tiff.

mAs'tiffs. [Lot?
Lat. mastivvs.] A large and strong

To become

n.

pi.

variety of dog.

Mas'to-don,

n.
[Gr. juacrros, the

breast of a woman, and oSovs,

6oov-ros,atooth
from conical
projections
on

its

molar

sg

Mastodon.

teeth.]

An

extinct mammal resembling the

elephant, but larger.
MXs'TOID, a. [Gr. jixourroeiSifc ; juaotos, breast of a woman, and eTSos,
form, shape.]
Resembling the nipple or breast.

Mas'tur-ba'tion, n.
hand, and stuprare, to

[Lat.

manus,
Self-

defile.]

pollution.

Mat,

a rush mat.] 1.
A texture of rushes or husks, &c, to
be laid on a floor. 2. Any similar
fabric any thing growing thickly.
v. t. [-TED -ting.] 1. To cover, with
mats. 2. To interweave like a mat.
Mat'A-DORE', n.
[Sp. matador, a
murderer, fr. Lat. mactare, to kill.]
1. One of the three principal cards in
[Lat. t.natta,

n.

omber and
pointed to

A Match,

superior; a chief;
used as a title
also applied
of respectful address
familiarly to an inferior or a boy. 2.
A ruler, governor, director, manager,
or possessor, specifically, (a.) A
teacher; an instructor, (6.) An officer on a ship of war, who takes rank
immediately after the lieutenants.
v. t.
[-ED; p. pr. & ib. n. MASTERING.] 1. To become the mas-

IAva,

n.

2. A man apthe bull in bull-fights.

quadrille.

kill
1.

[From Lat. myxus, Gr.

a lamp-nozzle.]

combusti-

ble substance for lighting a fire, &c.

2. [A.-S. maca.
See Make.] An

equal; a mate a companion. 3. A

bringing together of two parties for
a union, a trial of skill or force, or a
contest specifically, a marriage. 4A candidate for matrimony.
v. t
[-ED -ING.] 1. To be a match for
to rival successful^. 2. To bring a
match, or equal, against. 3. To
make equal or proportionate.
v. i.
1. To be united in marriage.
2. To
tally
to correspond.
;

MAs'ter-key, n. A key that opens

many locks hence, a clew to lead
out of many difficulties.
Match'less, a. Having no equal.
MAs'TER-LY, a. 1. Indicating thor- Match'lock, n. The lock of a mus;

ough knowledge or superior

Ma'son-ry,

perform

service in

Imperious.

formance

2.

n.

MAs'TER-STROKE,
MAs'TER-Y,

skill.

2.

[formance.

MAs'ter-piece,

capital perCapital per-

n.

a masterly achievement.
1. Act of mastering.

n.

Supremacy.

Superiority in
pre-eminence. 4. Vic3.

competition
tory in war. 5. Eminent skill.
MAs'TI-e, n. [Gr. /u,ao-Tix>?. from /u.ao-aa-0ai. to chew, because used for
chewing.] 1. A low, shrubby tree,
producing a valuable resin. 2. The
resin itself.
3. A kind of cement for
plastering walls, &c.
MAS'TI-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
masticare, -catum.]
To grind with
the teeth to chew.
Mas'ti-ca'tion, n.
Act of masticating or chewing.

wqlf, too, EOOE.; URN, rue, pull

E,

I,

o.silent; C,G,so/;

ket fired by a match

musket
trives

Mate,
ion.

ond

hence, the

itself.

Match'-mak'er,

n.

One who con-

a union by marriage.
n.
2.

[Icel.

mati.] 1. Companor wife. 3. Sec-

A husband

4>
a merchant-vessel.
A suitable companion; a match. -*
-ing.] 1. To match}
[-ed
v. t.
to marry. 2. To compete with.
Mate'less, a. Having no mate.

officer in

Ma-te'ri-al

1. Consisting
(89), a.
of matter; physical. 2 Pertaining
to, or affecting, the physical nature.
3. Of solid or weighty character; of
consequence.
4. Pertaining to the
matter, as opposed to the form, of a
thing.

Svx. Corporeal; bodily: important;

weighty; momentous; essential.

,G,hard; Aj exist; TjasNG; this

MATERIALISM

MAY-FLOWER

266

n.

nium ; mater, mother.] Union of man Ma-tu'ri-ty,w. 1. State of being maand woman as husband and wife.
ture ripeness.
2. Termination ol
the period a note has to run.
Syn. See Makkiage.
MAt'U-TI'NAL,
of the materialists.
a.
[Lat. matutinalis
Ma'trix, n. ; pi. mAt'ri-ce. [Lat.,
]
Pertaining to the morning early
Ma-te'ri-al-ist, n. One who mainmater, mother.] 1. The womb.
fr.
MAUIVLIN,
a.
tains that the soul is the resuit of a
[Contr.
fr. Magdalen,
2. A moid.
3. The earthy subwho is painted with eyes swelled and
particular organization of matter.
stance in which ores or crystalline
PerMa-te'RI-al-ist'ig,
a.
red with weeping.] i. Drunk fudminerals are found.
(Dyeing.)
4.
The substance or matter of
which any thing is made.
MA-TE'Rl-AL-i'gM, n.
The doctrine

MA-TE'RI-AL-iST'I-G-AL,

taining

to materialism or materialists.
Material
Ma-te'ri-al'i-ty, n.
1.
existence. 2. Importance.

The

five

simple colors, black, white,

mother.]

An

1.

woman

elderly

the

MA-TE'RI-AL-IZE, V. t. [-ID; -ING.]

female head of a household. 2. A
to
1. To reduce to a stateof matter
nurse in a hospital.
regard as matter. 2. To occupy with Mat'ron-age, n. State of a matron.
;

material interests solely.

Ma-te'ri-al-ly, adv. 1. In the state
of matter. 2. In its essence. 3. In
an important manner or degree.

Med'i-gA.

Ma-te'ri-A

[Lat.]

1.

substances used as curative

agents in medicine. 2. That branch
of medical science which treats of
the nature and properties of the substances used for the cure of diseases.
All

Materiel

[Fr.
(ma-ta're-el'), n.
See Matter.] That in a complex
system which constitutes the -mate-

instruments employed.
MA-TER'NAL, a. [Lat. maternus ; mater, mother.]
Pertaining to, or becoming, a mother motherly.
rials, or

Ma-ter'ni-ty,

n.

State or relation

of a mother.

Mat'ron-AL, orMA'TRON-AL, a. Relating to a

MATH'E-MAT'I-AL,

[Gr. fxae-qbe-

a.

/aart/cos,

Ma'tron-ly,

a.
Like, or befitting, a
grave sedate.
n. [Lat. materia, fr. mater,
mother.] 1. That of which all exist-

matron

Mat'TER,

ent bodies are composed body substance. 2. Material also, material or

substantial part of any thing.
3.
That with regard to which any thing
takes place. 4. Concern affair business. 5. Importance moment. 6. Indefinite amount, quantity, or portion.
7. Pus. 8. That which is permanent
v.i.
[-ED
opposed to form.
-ING.] 1. To be of importance. 2.
To form pus to maturate.
;

mathematics.

Math'e-ma-tPcian

Mat'TER-of-FACT'
Mat'ting,
2.

n.
p.a9-

science.] That
science, or class of sciences, which
treats of quantities or magnitudes.

a.

Ad-

not imaginative.

n.

(-ov-),

1.

Mats

collectively.

Materials for mats.

n.

[Ar.

MaUoc k.

something

mathrah,

thrown under, fr. tharaha,

A bed stuffed and quilted.

Mat'u-rate,

aedere, to slay.]

The

killing or the

ture when thinking of the successive

stages through which it has passed as
when our attention is directed
di
to
its ends or uses,
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To bring to
perfection
to ripen.
2.
To make
v. i.
fit or ready for a special use.
1. To become ripe or perfect.
2. To
become due, as a note.
;

a mother.
SHA-TR'l'U-LATE,t>. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. matricula, a public register.]
;

To admit

to

membership, especially

in a college or university

Ma-trki'u-lA'tion, n." Act of registering a name, and admitting to

A, E,

I,

adv. In a mature manwith ripeness completely.

Mat'U-RES'CENT, a. [Lat. maturesmatrimocens.] Approaching to maturity.

Pertaining
or derived from, marriage.

Mat'ri-mo-ny,

ripe,

MA-ture'ly,

membership.

Mat'ri-mo'ni-AL,

a.

n.

O, U, Y, long,-

[Lat.

A,K

I,

to,

[Ger. maler-stock ;
maler,si painter, and stock, stick.]
The stick used by painters to keep

hand

the

n.

steady.

Maund, or Maund,
Maund'er, or Maund'er,
To mutter

dier, to beg.]

ner

6, tj,Y, short;

v.

i.

to

[Ti.

menmur-

mur to beg
Maun'dy-Thurs'day, n. [0. Eng.
maund, a basket, because on that
;

day alms were given by the king from

baskets to poor persons.] The Thursday next_before Good Friday.
Mau'so-el'an, a.
Pertaining to a

mausoleum.

Mau'SO-LE'UM
soleum,

(124), n.

the stately

fr.

solus,

king of Caria.]

tomb

or sepulchral

Maw,

m.

[Lat.

Mau-

of Mau
A magnificent

tomb

monument.

maga.]

[A.-S.

TIig

stomach
man.

a.

Max'il-la-ry,

to throw.]

killer of

-ING.]

Ma w'-worm

stead of poiDted.

'

[See Mall.]
A heavy
hammer.
t.
v.
[-ED;
To beat with a heavy stick.

n.

wooden

[See Maggot.] Apt

to cause satiety or loathing.
(-wQrm), n.
An intestinal worm.
Max'IL-LAR, 1 a. [Lat. maxillaris :

kind of
pick-ax, having the
iron ends broad in-

Maul,

Mawk'ish,

v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.

maturate, -atum ; maturus, ripe.] 1.
To bring to ripeness or maturity. 2.
Mat'in, a. Pertaining to, or used in,
To promote the perfect suppuration
the morning.
n. [Lat. matutinum,
of.
v. i. To suppurate perfectly.
the morning.] 1. Morning worship MatOJ-ra'tion, n.
1. Process of
or service. 2. Time of morning service.
coming to maturity. 2. Suppuration.
MATlNEE(m&t'e-n&'),n. [Fr.,fr. ma- MAT'U-RA / TIVE, a. 1. Ripening. 2.
tin.
See Matin.] A musical enterConducing to perfect suppuration.
tainmentin theearly partof theday. Ma-ture', a. [-er; -es t.]
[Lat.
Mat'rass, n. [0. Fr. matras, large
maturus.]
1. Brought no completearrow
from its narrow, long neck.]
2.
ness or perfection of growth.
A chemical vessel formerly in use.
Completely worked out.
3. Come
Ma'trice, or Mat'r'ice. n Same as
to suppuration.
MATRIX.
[matricide.
Both mature and ripe
Syn. Ripe.
Mat'ri-cPdal, c.
Pertaining to
Hature
describe fullness of growth.
brings to view the process ripe indicates
Mat'RI-CIDE, n. [Lat. matr iridium
the result. Wc speak of a thing as maand matric.ida ; mater, mother, and
rjfxaTi/cr} (sc. eT?i<7Tr)ixri),

notwithstanding.

of a beast, or, in contempt, of a

[A.-S.

n.

Mat'tress,

(-tush/au),

One versed in mathematics.

MATH'E-MAT'IS, n. sing. [Gr.

mattoc]

ing to the laws of

matics, fr. p-avdaveiv to learn.] 1.

Pertaining to mathematics. 2. Theoretically precise.

Mat'tock,

Math'e-mat'I-al-ly, adv. Accord-

longing to learning, esp. to mathe,

2.

MAUL'-ST'iCK,

matron grave motherly.

hering to facts

MATH'E-B1AT'I,

Sickly sentimental.
prep.
(0. Fr. maugre,
Lat. male gratum, something not agreeable.] In spite of;
dled.

MAU'GER,
and yellow.
Ma'TRON, n. [Lat. matrona; mater, Mau'gre,
blue, red,

maxilla, jawbone.]
Pertaining to the upper jaw.

Max'IM,

maxima (sc. sentengreatest or most important sentiment.] A condensed proposition

of important practical truth.
Syn. Axiom aphorism apothegm;
adage; proverb; saying.
n.

[Lat.

tia),

Max'i-mum,

n.

pi.

mIx'i-ma.

[Lat., from maximus, the greatest.]

greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case.
May, v. [imp. might.] [A.-S. magan, to be able.] An auxiliary verb
expressing, (a.) Ability or competency, (b.) Moral power, liberty, or permission, (c.) Contingency or liability.
d. ) Modesty courtesy, or concession.
(
(e.)
Desire or wish.
n.
1 [A.-S.
mag.] Early part of life. 2. Flowers
of the hawthorn
because they
bloom in the last of May, old style.
3.
[Named for the goddess Maia.]
Fifth month of the j ear.
v. i. To
gather flowers on May morning.
May'-ap'fle, n. The fruit of the

The

mandrake, a drastic American plant.

A kind of beetle; a
May'-bTjg, n.
cockchafer.

May'-day, n. The first day of May.

May'-flow'er, n. A flower that appears in
in

New

May in Eng. the hawthorn

Eng., the trailing arbutus.
;

cAre, far, Ask, all, what; ere, veil, tUbmj pique, firm; son

MAYHEM
May'iiem,

Relating to those who live by hand

labor. 4. Made by mechanical means
ME-HAN're-AL-LY,. adv. In a mechanical manner.
Me-Xn'DER, re. [From Mseander, a
river in Phrygia, proverbial for its MeH'a-ni'cian (-nish'an), re.
On

(Law.) The maiming

n.

MEDICINE

2G7
mxnan.]

to in1. To have in view

tend. 2. To purpose ; to design. 3.
To signify to denote.

of a person by depriving him of the

use of any of his members which are
necessary for defense.
May'OR (colloq. mar), n. [Lat. major,
greater, higher.]
Chief magistrate
of a city or borough.
May'or-al-ty (colloq. mar'al-ty), re.
Office of a mayor.

windings.]

An

A winding course.

1.

intricate or tortuous

v.

[-ED

i.

-1NG.]

2.

mechanics.

skilled in

movement. ME-HAN'IS, n. sing. That science

To wind or
which treats of the action of forcer

v. t.
turn in a course or passage.
on bodies.
Wife
To wind, turn, or flow round.
MeH'a-ni'm, n. Construction of r.
May. Mean'ing, n.
1. That which is
machine parts of a machine.
May'-pole, re. A pole to dance round
2. MEH'a-nIst, n.
meant; intent; purpose; aim.
A maker of maMay'-queen, re.
A young woman
Signification; sense.
chines one skilled in mechanics.
crowned with flowers as queen at MEAN'LY, adv.
Med'al, re. [From Lat. metallum,
In a mean manner
the celebration of May-day.
dishonorably and unworthily.
metal.] A coin intended as a meMaze, n. [A.-S. mase, whirlpool, gulf.] Mean'ness (109), n. Quality of bemento of any event or person, [als.
1. A confusing network of paths or
ing mean poorness lowness
hu- Med'al-ist, )re.
One skilled in
mility baseness sordidness.
Med'al-list, ) medals.
passages. 2. Confusion of thought.
v.t. [-ED;-ING.]
To confound Means, re. pi. but usually employed Me-dall'ion, re. A large antique
with intricacy to bewilder.
nith'a singular attribute or predimedal, or any thing resembling one.
Ma'zy, a. Perplexed with turns and
cate.
Med'dle,^. i.
[-ED; -ING.] [D.
See Mean, re., 3.
windings intricate perplexing.
Meant (rnent), imp. & p. p. of Mean.
middelen, to mediate, from middel,
Me, pron.pers. [A.-S., allied to Lat. Meantime,
adv.
In the intermeans.] To interpose officiously.
me, Gr. pe, Skr. ink.] Objective case Meax'while,
vening time.
Med'dler, n. One who meddles.
Mea'sl (me'zlz), re. pi. [D. maze- Med'dle-some, a. Given to medofi.
Mead, n. [A.-S. medu, medo, allied
len, Ger. masern, pi., fr. mase, masel,
dling
officious.
maser, a speck, spot.] A contagious Me'DI-js'val (110), a.
to Skr. madliu, honey.]
A drink
[Lat. medimade of honey and water also, of a
febrile and eruptive disorder.
us, middle, and sevum, age.] Relate
sirup of sarsaparilla and water.
Mea'sly (me'zly), a. Infected with
ing to the middle ages.
Mead,
[A.-S. maid, mddu,
measles.
Me'di-AL (110), a. [Lat. medialis
re.
Mead'ow,
meadu.]
A tract of MEAS/UR-A-BLE (rnezh'ynr-), a. 1.
medius, middle.]
Pertaining to an
low or level grass land.
Capable of being measured. 2. Modaverage mean.
MEAD'OW-Y, a.
Pertaining to, or
erate.
Me'di-an, a. [Lat. medianus.] Runconsisting of, meadow.
MEAs'UR-A-BLY(mezh yi}r-), adv. To
ning through the middle.
a limited extent moderately.
Mea'Ser, a. [A.-S. mdger, Lat. maMe'di-ate, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] To
Mea'GRE. j cer.] 1. Having little Meas'ure (mezh'yur), n. [Lat. meninterpose between parties, as the
sura, fr. metiri, to measure.] 1. Dithin lean.
To efflesh
2. Defective in
equal friend of each.
v. t.

May'or-ess

(colloq.

mar'es),

of a mayor.

re.

[in

mensions

quantity, or poor in quality.

Mea'ger-ly, j adv.
In a meager
Mea'GRE-ly,
manner poorly.
Mea'ger-ness, 1 re. Quality of being
Mea'GRE-ness,
meager; leanness;
j

poorness; barrenness; scantiness.

n.
1. [A.-S. mazel.] A portion
of food taken at one time a repast.
2. [A.-S. melu, from Goth, malan, to
grind in a mill.] Flour, especially of
a coarser kind, as of maize.
Meal'-tTme, re. Usual time of eating meals.
[mealy.
Meal'i-NESS, n.
Quality of being

Meal,

reckoned

some standard.

2.

according to
Limit; allotted

share. 3. Moderation due restraint.

A rule by which any thing is ad;

4.

justed or judged.

5.

rhythm.

9.

An

act or proceed-

ing designed for the accomplishment

of an object. 10. pi. Beds or strata.
v. t. [-ED;-1NG.] 1. To take the
2. Like meal dry and fridimensions of; hence, to estimate.
3. To
2. To pass through or over.
able.
3. Covered with meal, or with
4. To allot
something like it.
adjust; to proportion.
v. i.
To have a cerMeal'y-mouthed, a. Unwilling to
by measure.
tell the truth in plain language.
tain length, breadth, or thickness.
Mean, a. [-ER -est.] [A.-S. man, Meas'ure -less (mezh'yur-), a. Withboundless endless.
out" measure
mxne, gernxne, allied to Lat. com(mezlvyjjr-ment),
munis.] 1. Destitute of distinction. Meas'ure-ment
mensura1. Act of measuring
2. Wanting dignity of mind.
3. Of
re.
[measures.
tion.
2. The area.
little value or account.
MEAS'UR-ERjmeziyyur-),?!. One who
Syn.
Base; ignoble; abject; vile.
[Lat. medianus, fr. medius, middle.] Meat, n. [A.-S. mate, mete.] 1. Food
2. The flesh of animals
in general.
4. Middle
intervening. 5. Intermeused as food.
diate in excellence of any kind average.
n. 1. Middle point, place, rate, 3lE--eHAN'I, n. A workman or laborer other than agricultural.
or degree medium. 2. A quantity
Syx. Artificer; artisan; operative.
having an intermediate value be\a. [Lat. median itween several others
average. 3. Me-H.an'I,
CUS, fr. Gr. /urjxaIntermediate agency or measure in- ME-HANTe-AL,
1. Pertaining to
strument. [See Means.] 4:. pi. Revr/, a machine.]
mechanics, mechanism, or machinesources
property, revenue, &c.
V. t.
ry. 2. Done as if by a machine.
3.
[MEANT MEANING.] [A.-S.

Meal'y,

[-ER

a.

ing the
smooth.

-est, 142.]

qualities

meal

of

1.

Havsoft

OR, DO,

WOLF, TOO a TOOK; URN, RUE, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

a.

[Lat. mediare, -atus,

1. Middle; intervening.
Acting by means.
[cause.
adv. By a secondary
Me'DI-A'TION, n. 1. Act of mediating interposition intervention. 2.
Agency between parties at variance,
with a view to reconcile them.
Me'di-a'tor, n.
One who mediates

to halve.]

2.

An instrument Me'di-ate-ly,

to measure size or quantity. 6.

stated or limited quantity or amount.
8.
7. Undefined quantity or degree.
Regulated division or movement as,
grave, solemn style of dance.
(a.)
(b.) That division of "the time by
(c.) Mewhich music is regulated.
ter/;

by mediation.

fect

Me'DT-ATE,

or interposes to reconcile. Christ is

called the Mediator.
Syx. Intercessor; advocate; propitiator; interceder; arbitrator; umpire.

ME'DI-A-TO'RI-AL,

a.

a mediator.

Belonging to
[mediator.

Me'di-a/tor-ship, re.
Office of a
Med'1-ca-BLE, a. [Lat. medicabilis ;
medicari, to heal.]
cured.

Capable of being

a. [Lat. medicus, fr. wederi, to heal.] 1. Pertaining to med-

MED'l-e-AL,

'A. Tending
icine or medical science.
to cure medicinal.
n.
[Lat. medicahealing application.
mentum.]
MD'I-ATE, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1.
;

Med'i-A-ment,

To 'tincture with any thing medicito cure.

nal.
2^ To heal
MEDa-eA'TlON,re. Act of medicating.
MED'I-A'TIVE, a. Tending to cure.
ME-Dl'l-NAL, a. Having the prop;

erty of healing or of mitigating disease.

Me-dic'i-nal-ly, adv.

With me-

dicinal qualities.

mSd'sin or med'[Lat. medicinus, medical

Med'i-cKne
sn),

re.

C, G, soft; , G, hard;

(colloq.

.j

AR'jEXISTJ

NasNG; THIS

;;

MEDIEVAL

alleviation of disease.

Medieval.

Me'di-e'val,
Me'di-6'CRE

See
a.
(-ker), a.

[Lit.

medio-

inedius, middle.]
Or' a middle
quality
indifferent.
Me'di-oc'RI-ty, n. Quality of being
mediocre moderate degree.
cris

Med'i-TATE,

v.

[-ED;

i.

[Lat. meditari, -tatus.]

-ING.]

To dwell on

any thing in thought.

Syn. To contemplate;
muse;

v.

To plan to contrive.
MEd'i-ta'tion, n. Close or continued thought contemplation.
Med'i-ta/tTve, a. Addicted to med;

itation

Med'i-ter-ra'ne-an (124),
meditirraneus
terra, land.]

A gigantic sauo-avpo?, lizard]

rian or lizard, now extinct.
[Gr. fieyas,
Me&'A-THE'RI-UM, n.
great, BripCov, beast.] An extinct and
gigantic quadruped allied to the sloth.
ME'GRIM, n. [Fr. migraine, for kemicraine, Gr. epuicpavia, r)p.i, half, and
1. A vehement pain
icpavLov. skull.]
in one side of the head. 2. A whim
[ancholy.
a freak.
Mel/an-IIOI/I, a. Depressed melMEL'AN-CHOL-Y, . [Gr fxe\ayxo\M,
and

black, and xoA^, bile.] A

gloomy state of n ind depression or
dejection of spirits.
a. 1. Depressed
fr. /ue'Aas,

to intend; to
to think; to cogitate; to study.

t.

MEMORY

268

Any

substance administered in
2. The
the treatment of disease.
science which relates to the cure or

1.

[Lat.

a.

medius, middle, and

;
Inclosed with land, or

2.

Me'DI-um, n. Lat. pi. ME'DI-A,~&ng.

pi. ME'DI-UM.
[Lat., the middle.]
;

Intervening

cal miscellany.

Me-dul'lak,
MEd'UL-LA-RY,

)
)

Meed, n.
Meek, a.

Reward;
[A.-S. med.]
[-er;-est.] [Icel. miiihr,
mild, soft.]
1. Not easily provoked
or irritated. 2. Submissive to the
divine will.
Gentle mild soft yielding;
Syn.
See Gentle.
pacific; humble.

mildly

adii.

[A.-S.'

Syn.
To liquefy dissolve
thaw; mollify; soften; subdue.

v.

fuse

To become liquid to disTo be softened to love,

1.

i.

solve.
2.
pity, or tenderness, &c.
n.
[Lat. membrvm.] 1.
vital organ of an animal body

MEm'ber,

limb.

2.

A
a

member.

Mem'brane

n.

[Lat.

MEL-LlF'EU-EN9E,

n.

sweet,

memlrana,

membrum, member.]

Lat.

membrane

to, or

consisting

of

fr.

thin,

like,

mem-

branes.

MEM'BRA-NIF'ER-oOs,
a.
[Lat.
membrana, membrane, and ferre, to
bear.]

Producing membranes.

Consisting of, or resembling,

marrow.
[recompense.

Meek'LY,

-ing.]

To make liquid by heat.

soften by kindly influence.

To

2.

[ed

t.

1.

[lifluous. Mem'brA-nous, a. Relating to, consmooth flow.

Mel-lif'lu-ect, a. Smooth; melsisting of, or like, membranes.
Mel-lif'LU-OU3, a.
[Lat. melliflu- Me-men'to, n.; pi. me-men'tos.
[Lat., remember.] A hint to awaken
us; mel, honey, ami /lucre, to flow.]
Flowing as with honey
smooth
memory a souvenir.
a.
[Lat. medullaMem'oir (mem'wor or me'mwor), n.
ris ; medulla, marsweetly flowing.

row.]

v.

me/tan.]

To make better; to improve.

v. i.
To grow better.
Mel'ior-a/tion, n. Act of melior- MeM-dra'ne-ous,
ter.]

cy of transmission.
3lD'LEY,n. [0 Fr. meslee, medlee,
mellee, fr. L. Lat. misrulare, to mix.]
1. A mixture a jumble. 2. A musi-

Melt,

extended tissue covering some part

of the body.
Mem'bra-na'ceous, 1 a. Belonging

[Lat. mclo, for mvlopepo,

n.

-ratum ; melior, bet-

Melange
Melee

body or quantity
ating improvement.
Middle place or de[Lat. mellifer ;
mean. (b. The mean or mid- MEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a.
mel, mellis, honey, and ferre, to
2. Instrudle term of a syllogism.
bear.] Producing honey.
mentality of communication ; agen1.

Harmony.

an apple-shaped melon.] Aeucurbi.

taceous plant and its edible fruit.

part of a whole an independent constituent of a body.

Mem'ber-ship, n. State cf being a

specifically, (a.)

gree

See

MEl'ON,

happy; disconsolate; doleful.

(ma-longzh'), n. [Fr., fr.
mcler, to mix.] A mixture; medley.
(ma-ia'), n.
[Fr.,fr. mcler,
to mix.] _ A hand-to-hand conflict.
MEL'IOR-ATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. meliorare,

nearly so.

Causing dejection.
Syn. Gloomy; sad dispirited; un-

in spirits.

rhythmical succession of single tonea

so related as to form a musical w hole.
2. Air or tune of a musical piece.

In a meek manner

gently.

[tleness.

Forbearance genMeek'ness,
MEER'SCHAUM (meer'shawm), n.
sea-foam.]
1. A fine white
lit.
[Ger.,
clay, which when first taken out,
n.

Mel/low,

[-er

a.

-est.]

[Cf.

mi Use, milsc, sweet, ripe.] 1.

Soft not hard, harsh, tough, or unyielding. 2. Well-matured genial;
jovial.
3. Slightly intoxicating.
v.t.
To make mel[-ed -ING.]
low to soften by ripeness or age.
soft
or
ripened.
v. i. _To become
Mel'low-ness, n. Quality of being
A.-S.
;

mellow.

Mel'o-go-ton'
Mel'o-co-toon')

(-tcron'), n.

[Sp.

melocoto?i;~Lat.

memoria, memory.]
1.
A
memorial account a kind of famil[Lat.

iar history. 2.

nals

A biography.

and proceedings of a

Mem'o-ra-bil'i-a,

v. pi.

3.

Jour-

society.
[Lat.,fr.

memorabilis, memorable.]

Things
worthy of remembrance or record.
a.
[Lat. mtmorabilis, fr. memorare, to bring to remembrance.] Worthy to be remembered.

MEM'O-RA-BLE,

Syn. Illustrious; celebrated; distinguished; remarkable; famous.

malum

cotonium, or cotoneum, or Mem'o-ra-bly, adv. In a memoraCydonium, a quince or quince-apble manner.

ple.^ A quince also, a large peach. Mem'o-ran'dum, n. ; Eng. pi. mem'O-BAN'DUMS, Lat. pi. MEM'Omakes lather like soap. 2. A tobac- Me-lo'de-on, n. [Gr. fxe'Aos, a song,
co-pipe made of this mineral, or of
and wSelov, odeou.] 1. A reed inRAN'DA. [Lat.] A record of something which it is desired to rememsome substance resembling it.
strument, furnished with a keyboard, and bellows. 2. Amusichall.
ber.
Meet, t. . [met; meeting.] [A.1. To come in contact Me-lo'di-oOs (77), a.
Containing Me-m5'ri-al, n. 1. Preservative of
S. m&lan.]
with to fall in with.
2. To enmelody agreeable to the ears.
memory. 2. Contained in memory.
counter. 3. To light on; to find.
Me-lo'di-oCs-LY, adv. Musically.
a.
1. Any thing intended to preTo come together to assem- Mel'o-dist, n. A composer or singer
serve the memory of a person, an
v. i.
a. [A.-S. gemet,
of melodies.
occurrence, &c. 2. A written repreble to converge.
sentation of facts.
with prefix ge, from metan, to meet, Mel'o-dIze, v. t. [-ED -ING.] To
make melodious.
Me-mo'ri-al-ist, n. One who writes
find] Adapted; fit; suitable.
Meet'ing, n. 1. A com iug together. MEL/o-DRA'MA, n [Gr. /uieAo?, song,
or presents a memorial.
a collection of
Spa/xa, drama.] A dramatic perform- Me-mo'ri-al-Ize, v. t. [-ed; -ING.]
2. A congregation
ance in which songs are intermixed,
people. 3- A religious assembly.
To petition by memorial.
and startling effects are sought.
MEM'O-RIZE, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1.
Syn. Conference company auditory junction; confluence.
MEL/O-DRA-mXt'IC. a.
Pertaining
To cause to be remembered; esp., to
Meet'ing-house, n. A place of to melodrama done for effect merely
record.
2. To commit to memory.
worship in Eug. one for dissenters. Mel'o-drame, n.
Same as Melo- MEM'ORY,7i. [Lat. memoria, from
drama.
memor, mindful.] 1 Faculty of the
MEET'LY, adv. Fitly suitably.
Meet'ness, n. Fitness; propriety. MEL'O-DY, n. [Gr. ju.eAoj5ta, a singmind by .which it retains the knowl) n.
[Gr. p-eyas,
ing, a choral song, fr. /ae'Ao?, song,
Meg'a-lo-saur',
edge of previous thoughts or events.
MEG'A-LO-SAU'RUS, ) p.eyd\y), great,
tune, and wit], do-.Sri, song.]
1. A
2. Time' within which past events
;

,,1,5,1/, Y,long; A,E,T,0,U, t, Short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM, SON,

;
;

MEN

MERRIMENT

269

can be remembered. 3. State of be- Men'su-ra-bIl'i-ty, n. Quality of

being mensurable.
ing remembered.
[Lat.
Men'su-ra-ble (-shu-), a.
Syn. Remembrance
recollection
mensurubilts,
fr mensurare, to measreminiscence. Memory is generic, denoting the power by which we reproduce
ure.]
Capable of being measured.
past impressions. Remembrance is an MEN'SU-RA'TION (-shy-), n.
Act,
exercise of that power when things oc;

cur spontaneously to our thoughts.

In

process, or art, of measuring.

[Lat. mentalis,
a.

recollection, we make a distinct effort to

collect again, or call back, what we know

Men'tal,

has been formerly in the mind. Reminiscence is intermediate between remembrance and recollection, being a con-

mind intellectual.
[tellectually.
Men'tal-ly, adv. In the mind inMen'tion, n. [Lat. mentio, from

scious process of recalling past occurrences, but without that distinct reference to particular things which characterizes recollection.

mens, the mind.]

la.

Me-PHIT'IC-al,

Me-p H V Tis,

Mend,

Meph'i-tism,

v.

[-ed

t.

amend.]

-ing.]

[Abbrev.

To

repair.
2. To
alter for the better
to set right.
3.
To quicken. 4. To help to further.
fr.

1.

v. t.
To become improved.
Men-da'cious, a.
[Lat. mendax,

mendacis.] Lving
Men--dac"i-ty,*n.

habit of ly-

a lie.
Beggary.
mendicans,
begging.]
1.
Beggiug
poor.
2.
Practicing beggary.
n. A beggar.
Men-dic'i-TY, n. "State of begging;
ing.

2.

falsehood

Men'di-can-cy, n.
Men'di-cant, a.

[Lat.

life

of a beggar.

Men-ha'den,
Me'ni-al,

a.

meignee,

A' salt-water fish.

[0. Fr. meignial, from

n.

maisnie,

house-

family,

hold.] 1. Performing servile offices.

Servile; low; mean.
1. A
n.
domestic servant. 2. One of a servile disposition.
Me-nis'US, n. [Gr. n-qviaitos, dim.
of /u.tji>t7, moon.]
]ens convex on
one side and concave on the other.
llEN'I-VER, n.
Fr.
menuver, a
[0.
grayish fur, from menu, small, and
vair, a kind of fur.]
A small animal in Russia, or its fine white fur.
Men'sal, a. [Lat. tnensis, month.]

2.

monthly.
[Lat., months.] A
periodic flow of blood from the mucous coat of the uterus.
Men'stru-al, a. Recurring once a
month "monthly.
Men'stru-ant, a. Subject to month;

ly flowing.

v.

i.

[-EE

-ing.]

To discharge the menses.

Men'stru-A'tion, n. 1. Discharge
of the menses. 2. State or the period of menstruating.

Men'stru-ous,

[Lat. menstruus,

a.

Having or permonthly flow.

Men'stru-UM, n. ; Eng. pi. MEN'mensis, month.]

taining to the

stru-UMs

[See supra.]
solves a solid

or, do,

mephitiOffensive

noxious.
[Lat.

n.

Offensive

[Lat. mercans,
me.rcantis, trafficking.]
Pertaining
to merchants, or their business.
a.

Commercial. Commercial

is

the wider term, being sometimes used to

embrace mercantile. In their stricter
use, commercial relates to the shipping,
freighting, forwarding, and other business connected with the commerce of a
country (whether external or internal),
that is, the exchange of commodities;
while mercantile applies to the sale of

solely.

Mer'e-trI'cious
meretricius

(-trish'us), a. [Lat-

meretrix, a prostitute.]

Resembling the arts of a harlot

tawdry showy gaudy.
Merge (14), v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
mergere.]
To immerse to sink.
v. i.
To be sunk or swallowed up.
merchandise and goods when brought
Me-rid'i-an (77), n. 1. Noon. 2.
to market.

Mer'CE-NA-RY

[Lat. merce(44). a.
nariits; merces, wages.]
1. Serving
2.
Moved by considerafor pay.
tions of profit.

Syn. Paid; hired

hireling

venal;

sordid; selfish.

n.

hireling; especially, a soldier hired into foreign service.

merx, mercis,
Mer'cer. n.
[Lat
merchandise.]
One who deals in
[mercers.
silks and woolen cloths.
Mer'CER-y, n. Trade or goods of
Mer'chan-dise, n.
[See Mer-

chant.]

1."

The highest point, as of success

culmination. 3. A great circle of
the sphere passing through the poles
of the heavens and the zenith of the
spectator.
4. A great circle on the
earth, passing through the poles and
a.
[Lat. meridiany given place.
anus ; meridies, noon.] Pertaining
to mid-day, or to the highest point.
Me-RID'i-on-AL, a. Pertaining to the
meridian.
Me-RI'no (-re'-),n. [Sp. merino, moving from pasture to pasture.] 1. A
variety of sheep of very fine wool.
2. A thin fabric, of merino wool.

traffic
Trade
comgoods; commod[-ED; -ING.] To trade; Mer'it, n. [Lat. meritum.] 1. Qualdesert,
ity of deserving well or ill
to carry on commerce.
2. Excellence entitling to honor or
MER'CHANT, n. [Lat. mercans, p.
worth.
3.
Reward
deserved.
One who
reward
pr. of mercari, to trade.]
v. t. [-ed -ing.] To earn to be
carries on trade, especially on a large
to deserve.
a.
Pertaining to,
entitled to
scale
a trader.
Mer'i-to'ri-ous, a. Deserving of reor emploved in, trade.
Mer'chant-a-ble, a. Fit for marward or honor valuable.
MER'EON, n. [Lat. marus, for murus,
ket, or to be bought and sold.
Part of a parMer'chant-man (150), n. A -tradwall, dim. marulus.]
ing vessel.
apet lying between two embrasures.
MER'cl-FUL,a. 1. Having or exer- Mer'MAID, n. [Fr. mer, Lat. mare,
cising mercy. 2. Unwilling to give
the sea, ana Eng. maid.] A fabled
pain.
[manuer.
sea animal, the upper part like that
MER'cl-FUL-LY,efo. In a merciful
of a woman, and the lower like a fish.
MER'91-FUL-NESS, n. Quality of be- Mer'man (150), n. A fabled sea-man,
ing merciful readiness to forgive.
with the tail of a fish instead of legs.
Mer'CI-LESS, a. Destitute of mercy. Mer'ri-ly, adv. la a merry manner.
MR'9I-LESS-LY, adv. In a merci- MER'RI-MENT,w. Gayety, with laughless manner.
noisy sport.
ter or noise

merce.

2. "Wares;

v.

i.

Men'stru-ate,

fr.

MER'AN-TILE,

ities.

MEN'SES,n.pl.

foul

[Lat.
cus.]

mephitis.]
or noxious exhalations from decomposing
substances.

Syn.

false.

1.

faithful counsellor.

to the smell

1.

interpreter of the gods. 2. A silvery

metal, liquid at common temperatures; quicksilver.
3. A preparation of mercury, used in medicine.
4 One of the planets. 5. A messenger; also, a newspaper. 6. A plant
of several kinds.
Mer'cy, n. [Lat. merces, merc.edis,
pay, reward, L. Lat. pity.] 1. Disposition to overlook injuries, or to
treat an offender better than he deserves.
2. Act or exercise of mercy.
Syn. Clemency; tenderness pity
compassion. See Gkace.
Mer'cy-seat, n. The covering of
the ark, among the Jews..
Mere, a. [-est.] [A.-S. mazre, Lat
merits.] 1. Pure absolute. 2. Only
n
this, and nothing else
simple.
1.
pool or
[A.-S. mere, mare.]
lake. 2. [A.-S. masre.] A boundary
Mere'ly, adv. 1. Purely; absolutebarely
utterly.
2.
Simply
ly

meminisse, to remember.] A cursory speaking of any thing,

v. t.
[-ED -ing.] To direct attention to
by a simple reference to name.
Men'tion-a-ble, a. Capable of being mentioned.
Men'tor,m. [From Mentor, counselor of Telemachus.]
A wise and

Me-PFiIT'ic,

the vapor of mercury.

MER'CU-RY, n. [Lat. Mercurius.]

(Rom. Myth.) The messenger and

cix, for minx.]

Show of a disposition or intention to inflict an evil
a
threat.
Men-Xg'e-rie (men-azh'e-r.v), n. [Fr.
menagerie.] 1. A place where animals are kept and traiued. 2. An
exhibition of wild or exotic animals.

MER-U'RI-AL-IZE,f. I. [-ED;-ING
To affect with mercury to expose to

from

-ING.]
To
[From Lat. mina-

threaten. --n.

a. 1. Active; spright
2. Pertaining tc,
full of vigor.
containing, or consisting of, mercury
ly

Pertaining to the

MEN, n.; pi of Man.

Men' ACE, v. t. [-ED;

Mer-CU'RI-AL,

Lat. pi.

Any
body

MEN'STRU-A.

fluid which
a solvent.
;

dis-

wolf, too, iookj Crn, rue, pull;

e,i, o, silent, c, G, soft; ,&,hard; Aj exist;

n.

osng;

this-

MERRY

METHOD

27C

Met'a-phy-si'ciain

Offspring of a white
142.] [A.-S. Mes-tee', n.
person and a quadroon.
lively.
2.
1. Brisk
merh, mirig.]
Noisily gay. 3. Causing laughter or Mes-t'i'zo, n. [Sp., fr. Lat. mixtus,
mixed.] Child of a Spaniard or Cremirth.
ole and a native Indian.
Syn. Blithe; lively; sprightly; vivaMET, imp. & p. p. of Meet.
cious; joyous; mirthful; jocund.

5lER'RY,a. [-ek; -est,

MET'AL

wish-bone.

ity,

ME-SEEMS/,i\/w7pers. [-ET).] It seems

[the mesentery.
to me.

MES'EN-TER'IO, a.
Pertaining
Mes'en-ter'y, or Mes'en-te'ry,

[Gr. /uecrevTepiov
pecros, middle,
evrepov, intestine.] A membrane
which keeps the intestines, &c, in a
proper positiou.
Mesh, . [A.-S. masc] Space inclosed between the knots of a net.
[-ED; -ING.]
To catch in a
v. t.

and

Met'al-lif'er-oOs,

[Lat. metal-

a.

mesh.

Mes'lin, n. The same as maslin.

SeeMASLiN.
[merism.
Mes-MER'ic, a. Pertaining to mesMEs'MER-'l'gM, n.
[From Mesmer,

who

first brought it into notice.]

Art of inducing an abnormal state
of the nervous system.
MES/MER-IZE, v.t. [-ED; -ing.] To
bring into a state of mesmeric sleep.

Mes/mer-iz'er,

n.

mesmerism.

tices

Mesne

(meen), a.

Mean,

dle. Cf.

a.]

One who

prac-

Me-TAL'LI-FORM.
;

Having

a.

the

like metal.

Met'al-LINE,

Pertaining to, or
a.
metal.
Met'al-lTst, n. A worker, or one
skilled, in metals.
MET'AL-LIZE, l\ t. [-EX); -ING.] To
give its proper metallic properties to.
p.era\Kov,
Met'AL-LOID, n.
[Gr.
metal, and eTSos, form.] The metallic base of a fixed alkali, or alkaline
earth.
Like metal.
a.
PertainMet/al-lOr'GI,
a.
MET/AL-LOR'Gre-AL, j ing to met[metallurgy.
allurgy,
censi.^tinjr of,

[A.-S. mese, myse,

table, mats, food.] 1.

Goth.

dish,

or quantity of food. 2. A number

of persons who eat together. 3. A
medley a mixed mass.
v. i. [-ED
v. t.
-ING.] To eat in company.
To supply with a mess.

Mes'sage,

[L. Lat. messagium,

n.
Lat. mittcre, to send.] 1. A noor communication from one per-

tice

[See METAMORPHOSIS.] 1. Changeable; variable.

2. Pertaining to changes which minerals or rocks may have undergone
since their deposition.
MET'A-MOR'PHlgM, n. State or qual-

MET'A-MOR'PHI,a.

as

One who
same table.

n.

eats ordi-

Mes'suaGe

(meVswej), n. [Low Lat.

messuagiurn, mansionaticum from
,

Lat. mansio, a dwelling.] A dwelling-house, with the adjacent buildings and lands.

I, -0,

Part of the foot between the

ankle and the toes.
foot.]

Me-tXth'e-s'is,

n.

me-t.Xth'e

pi.

SEg. [Gr. fterdBeais, fr. fxeraTiGcvai,

to transpose.]
Transposition of the
letters or syllables of a word.
Mete, v. t. *[-ed -ing.] [A.-S. metan.]
To measure.
n.
Measure
limit boundary
chiefly in the pi.
ME-TEMP'SY-OHO'SIS, n. [Gr. peTejun//vxw(rts ; peTx, beyond, over, ev,
in, and tyvxy, life, soul.]
The passing of the soul after death into some
;

other body

transmigration.
n. [Gr. pfrewpa, things in
the air; p-erd, beyond, and etopa,
aiwpa, a being suspended in the air.]
;

Me'TE-OR,
1.

Any phenomenon.

2.

transient

U, Y, long; A, ,

I,

6,

tJ,

proceeding from, a meteor.

Me'te-or-Tte_(49),

ME'TE-OR'O-LITE

n.

meteorolite.
[Gr. pe-

(49), n.

high in air, and At0os, stone. )

meteoric stone an aerolite.

Te'wpos,

Me'te-or'o-log'io,
Me'te-or'o-log'ic-al,

a.

Relating to

phenomena.
Me'te-or-oi/o-gIst, n. One skilled

Same

narily at the

Met'a-tar'sus, n.
[Gr. p.erd, beyond, after, and rapoos, flat of the

n.

n.

Mess'mate,

[Gr. peTa7rAa<rp6?;
to
transform.]
A

word by augmentation,

transform.

in a

ity of being metamorphic.

in meteorology.
MEiVA-MOR'PHOSE,?.'. t. [-ED -ING.]
To change into a different form to Me'TE-OR-OL/O-GY,

change

its

n.

p.eTa.nkdo~creiv ,

the atmosphere and

Metason to another. 2. An official commorphosis.

munication delivered by a messenger.
Met/a-mor'pho-sIs,
pi.
met'an.
;
Mes'sen-gep n. [0. Eng. messaMOR'PHO-SES. [Gr. perapop^uxris
One who bears a message.
ger.]
jxera,
beyond, over, and pop<>7,
Carrier
courier harbinger.
Syn.
form.] Change of form or shape
Mes-sT'ah, n. [Heb. mashiah, anointtransformation.
Christ, the anointed; the Sa- MET'A-PHOR, n.
ed.]
[Gr. peTatfcopa, fr.
vior^
pera^epeiv, to carry over, to transMes-si'AH-ship, n. Character, or offer.]
A word expressing similitude
fice of the Savior.
without the signs of comparison.
Relating to the Met'a-phor'io,
MES'si-AN'ie, a.
Pertaining
a.
Messiah.
Met'a-phor'io-ae, )
to, or comMes-si'as, n. The Messiah.
prising, a metaphor figurative.
Mes'sieurs (mesh'yerz), n. pi. Met'a-phor'I-al-ly, adv.
Not
Sirs, genpi. of monsieur.]
[Fr.
literally
figuratively.
abbrev. to Messrs., and MET'A-PHRASE, n. [Gr. p-era^pao-ts ;
tlemen
used as the pi. of Mr.
perd, beyond, and </>pa<rts, a speak-

mental philosophy

MET'A-PLXsM,

and epyeiv, to work.] Operation

of obtaining metals from their ores.
al,

n.

mes, a

science of mind to be the

second.] 1. Science of being, as such
philosophy in general.
2. Scientific
knowledge of mental phenomena^

fiery or luminous body, seen in the

Met'al-LUR'GIST, n. One skilled in
atmosphere.
[Norm. Fr., mid- MET'AL-LUR'GY, n. [Gr. peraAAovpMe'te-6r'I,
a.
Pertaining to, or
metals
peTaAAoi/,
metworking
yos,
(Law.) Middle;

intervening.

Mess,

metallum. metal, and ferre, to

Producing metals.

bear.]

form of metals

and the

ble or letfer.

or

Pertaining to,

a.

resembling, metal.
lier;

diminution, or insertion, of a sylla-

Ui-ually solid' at ordinary

,"

and

fr.

[Lat.

temperatures.

Me-tXl'lic,

to

n.

(met'al or met'l), n.

metallum, Gr. pe'raAAoi/.]

A substance having a peculiar luster, a
good conductor of heat and electric-

(-thawt), n. The
forked bone of a fowl's breast a

by

[From An- MET/A-eAR'PUS, n. [Gr. p-tTaKapniov

n.
ixerd, beyond, between, and Kapn-os,
drew Borde, a physician in the time
Part of the hand between
wrist.]
of Henry VIII.] A buffoon; a zany.
Me r'ry-m ak/ing, n. A meeting for the wrist and the fingers.
mirth.

n.

after physics
so called
Aristotle, who considei-ed phi/sirs
to be the first in the order of studies,

t<x (pvcriKa,

MER'RY-AN'DREW,

Mer'ry-thought

(-zibn'an),

One who is versed in metaphysics.

MET'A-PHYS/ies, n. sing. [Gr. vera

ing.]

literal or

verbal translation.
a.
Close, or

Met'a-phrXst'I,
Met'a-phrXst'ic-al,

literal,

in

p.eretopa,

discourse.]

(a.) An instrument for

measuring the consumption of gas.
(b.) An instrument for measuring the
consumption of water, (c.) A licensed
measurer of coals before they are delivered out for sale.
specifically,

Me'ter,
ME'TRE,

[Lat.

n.

1
j

a.

Pertaining
to, or accord-

ing to, metaphysics.

i, short; cAre, far, ask; ALE,

fr.

the
to

rhythm measure verse.

ME-THEG'LIN, n. [W. meddyglyn;
;

medd, mead, and

llyn, liquor, juice.?

A liquor made of honey and water

boiled and fermented.
[MEimpers.
ME-THiNKS',
v.
think-

It

seems to

me

[Rare, except in poetry.]

n.
[Gr. pefloSos ; pera,

METH'OD,

after, 66os,

what

metrum,

root met in metiri,

measure.] Rhythmical arrangement

of syllables into verses, stanzas, &c.j

thought.]

translation.

MET'A-PFYS/re,
Met'a-phys'I-al,

[Gr. juerecop-

meteor, and A6yo<j,

Science which treats of
the atmosphei-e and its phenomena.
Me'ter, n. [Eng. mete.] One who,
or that which, metes or measures;
oAoyia

way.]

1.

Regular mode

ERE, VIIL, XfiRM; PIQUE, FIRM s6n,

;

METHODIC

MIGRATORY

271

[An Mid'dling, a. Of middle rark

or
thing. 2. Orcast the feathers
quality moderate ordinary.
derly arrangement or classification.
onomatopoeia.] To cry as a cat.
Midge, n. [A.-S. mygge, my eg.']
[Fr.
miau-ing.]
[-ed
Mode; manner. Method im- Mewl, v. i.
Stn.
plies arrangement; mode, mere action or
very delicate fly.
ler.]
To cry from uneasiness, as a

manner of doing any

to molt.

2.

An

existence.

may

instructor

adopt a

child

good method of teaching to write the

scholar may acquire a bad mode of holding his pen; the manner in which he is

Me-thod'I-AL,
der

Arranged

a.

convenient

Mez'zo-tint
Mez'zo-tin'to

in
or-

n. Doctrines

[It., fr.

tion of painting in India ink.

of a sect of

ing in the air

[Gr.

Infection float-

defilement,]

fxiao-fJia,

One

n.

mtV-

or

zo-), n.

Ml'ASM, n. Same as MIASMA.

and wor- Ml-As'MA, n. ; pi. MI-AS'MA-tA.

ship of the Methodists.

MEth'od-ist,

(med'zo-

mezzo, half, and tinto, tint.] A

ner of engraving on copper, in imita-

In a me-

thodical manner.

Meth'od-ism,

man-

regular.

Me-th6d'I-al-LY, adv.

to squall.

corrected will greatly affect his success

or failure.

Me-thod'I-C,

Mid'land,

1. sing.
Mews,
pi. mews'e.
An inclosed space an inclosure. 2
pi.
See Mew.

deadly exhalation.
Containing miasma;

or

Being in the interior

country. 2. Surrounded by the land.
Mid'night (-nit), n. Twelve o'clocK
a.
Being in the middlo
at night.
if the night
hence, very dark.
a. 1.

A continuation of tho
extending from the base to
the apex of the lamiuas of a leaf.
MlD'RIFF, n. [A.-S. midhrif; midd,
mid, middle, and hrif, bowels.] The

Mid'rib, n.
petiole,

diaphragm

MId'ship-man (150),

n.

A naval cadet

in a ship of war.

[ship.

Mid'ships, adv. In the middle of a

by John Wesley. Ml-As/MAL, a.
Midst, n. [Contr. fr. middest, superl.
miasmatic.
Meth'od-ist'k:, a. Resembling the
)a. Pertaining to,
of mid.] Interior or central part;
Methodists, or partaking of their MI'a-mat'I,
Ml'Ag-MAT'I-AL,
or partaking of
the middle.
strictness
the qualities of, miasma.
Meth'od-ize, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
Syn. Middle. Midst is the super[Lat. mica, crumb, partiTo arrange in a convenient manner. Ml'-eA, n.
lative of mid (middle), denoting the very
center, and hence implies surrounded
cle.]
A mineral capable of being
Me-tiioughi' (me-thawf), imp. of
involved in, in the thickest of; as, in
by,
cleaved into plates of extreme thinMethinks.
the midst of a forest.
Middle has no
ness,
[like, mica.
Met'O-nym'tc,
a. Used by way
such intensive sense, and is often applied
Pertaining to, or
MET'o-NYM'ie-AL,
of metonymy. Mi-a'ceous, a.
to extent in only one direction as, the
middle of the street, &c. Midst is very
Me-ton'y-my, or Met'o-nym'y, n. MICE, n. ; pi. of Mouse.
Christians, founded

[Gr.

ixfTtxiwfjLia.

MiH'AEL-MAs

indicating
name.] A trope

pera,

Feast of

(146), n.

St.

Michael, celebrated September 29th.

change, and bvojx.a,

in which one word is put for another,

MtCK'LE

(mik'l), a.

[A.-S.

Much

MUCH.]
Ml'RO~e6M, n.
Cf.

cel.

as table for provisions.

MET'O-PE, n.

micel,mygreat.

[Gr. fouKpo/coer/xos
[Gr. ixeioirq ; pera, with,
/ai/cpos, little, and kootaos, trie world.]
between, and 07rrj,hole, open space.]
2. Hence, man, as
I. A little world.
The space between the triglyphs of
an epitome of the universe.
the Doric frieze.
la. Relating to
Me'tre,m. See Meter, [volumes. MI/RO-6'ivil,
the
microMet'ric, a. Noting a measurement of Mi'RO-OS/Ml-AL, j

MET'Rl-e-AL,

[Gr. /uerpi/co?,

a.

cosm.

from

n.
[Gr. fuxpos,
little, and ypafaiv, to describe.] Description of microscopic objects.
Mi-r6m'e-ter, n.
[Gr. /ouicpos,
small, and p-eVpov, measure.] An instrument to measure very small distances.
Ml'GRO-PHONE, n. [Gr. p-iKpos, small,

8.

Employed

obtained by, measurement.

See Metric Sys-

in, c.

MET'Rie Sys'tem.
tem,

p. 534.

Me-TROP'O-LIS,
/u.7Jn7p,

[Gr. /onvrpoVoAis

ft.

mother, and 7rdAi?,city.] The

mother

city

sound.] An instrument
.for intensifying feeble sounds.
MI'RO-SOPE, n. [Gr. nucpo?, small,
o-Konetv, to view.] An optical instru-

and

the chief city.

Met'ro-pol'i-tan,
a metropolis.
n.

Belonging to
The bishop
who presides over the other bishops
of a province. 2. (Lat. Church.) An
a.

1.

MET'TLE

[Eng. metal,

(met'tl). n.

used in a tropical sense.]

ment

material.

2.

1.

scope

Ele-

MlD,

High-spirited; full of

a.

Met'tle-some

(met'tl-sum), a. Full
of spirit; easily excited fiery.
State of
n.
being mettlesome.
;

n.

1.

[A.-S.

mxw.}

a gull.

2. [Fr.
feathers, scale3,

mue, change

of
&c, time when,
or place where, the change occurs,
fr. jmw, Lat.
mutare, to change.]
A cage for hawks while mewing
hence, a place of confinement. 3.
A stable. 4. The cry of a cat.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. [From Lat.
mutare, to change.]
To shed or
To
2.
cast to molt its feathers.
v. i.
1.
To
shut up; to confine.

or, do,

[A.-S.

ridional

Met'tle-some-ness,

[MIDST or MIDMOST.]

a.

midd, Goth, midja, aided to Lat.

medius.] Middle intervening.
Mid'day, a. Pertaining to noon me-

or vigor.

fowl

Use of the micro-

n.

scope.

Met'tljsd,

MEW,

very minute.

Mi-r6s'co-py,

Constitutional

ardor.
fire

<j>u>vr),

ment for viewing minute objects

Ml'eRO-seop're,
Pertaining
a.
(
Ml'GRO-seop'ie-AL, j to the micro-

archbishop.

dle

adv.

In the middle.

Mid

[stice.

MId'sum-mer, n. The summer soh

Mid'way, n. The middle of the way.

adv.

Hal f-way

Mid'wife

(149), n.

[A.-S.

mid, with

A woman

that

assists in childbirth.

MlD'WIFE-RY,

or MlD'WIFE-RY, n.
Art or practice of assisting women in
childbirth obstetrics.
MId'win-TER, n. The middle of winter also, the middle of severe winter
weather,
usually, much later.
Mien, n. [Fr. mine.] External appearance carriage bearing.
Miff, n. [Prov. Ger. muff, sulkiness.]
A slight degree of resentment.
Might (mit), imp. of May. n. [A.Force
See May.]
S. meaht, mi/it.
or power of any kind, whether of
body or mind.
Might'I-ly (mTt'I-ly), adv. 1. Powerfully. 2. Greatly; very much.
Might'i-ness (mlVi-nes), n. 1. Power greatness. 2. Excellence
used
as a title of dignity.
Might'y (mTt'y), a. 1. Possessing
might forcible strong.
2. Very
great remarkable far size, effect, or
great;
3. Very excellent
qualities.
adv.
In a greaA
fine.
[Colioq.]
degree; very. [Colioq.]
;

Noon

(mld'dl), a. [A.-S. See

We

midst.

and wif, woman.]

Mi-Rog'ra-phy,

1. Pertaining to
fjierpof, measure.]
2. Consisting of verses
measure.

poetically measured.

frequently used abstractly or figuratively as, in the midst of afflictions middle

is never thus used with propriety.
cannot say in the middle of my contemplations on that subject, but in the

Equally distant from the extremes mean mid. 2. Intermedin. Point equal- MlGN/ON-ETTE'fmin'yon-gtOn. [Fr.-,
ate intervening.
the extremities;
ly distant from
dim. of mignon, darling.] An aiv
midst; central portion.
nual flowering plant.
Syn. See Midst.
Mi'grate, v. i. [-ed: -ing.] [Lat.
Mid'dle-aGjsd (-njd, 60), a. Being
migrare, -gralicm.] To change one's
midway between youth and age.
place of residence to pass to anothMid'dle-MAN (150), n. An agent
er climate, as birds.
between two parties a broker.
Mi-gra'tion, n. Act of migrating.
MId'dle-most, a. In, or nearest to, Mi'GRA-to-RY (50), a.
Removing
the middle.
from one state or country to another.
;

wolf, TOO, TOOK; URN, Ry.E, pull

E,

/,

o, silent

9, G, soft; , 5, hard,'

Agj ejcist

Nojng;

this*.

;;

MILAGE
MlL'AGE,

Milch

as MILEAGE.
[See Milk.]
Giving

applied only to beasts.

Mild,

[-er; -est.] [A.-S.]

a.
Gentle in temper or disposition.

thin, whitish coating, consisting

v. t. [-ED -ING.]
of minute fungi.
To taint with mildew.
v. i. To become tainted with mildew, [gently.

Mild'ly, adv.
Mild'ness, n.

In a mild manner
1.

includes various other machines or combinations of machines, for transforming some raw material by mechanical
processes into a state or condition for use.

1.

2.

Not showing severity or harshness.

3. Not acrid, pungent, or corrosive,
&c. 4. Not violent or intense.
MlL'DEW(m:uVdu),n. [A.-S mildeaw.]

Quality of being

ness

with the

fists,

MIll'-dXm,

as

if in

A dam

n.

ning water to a height

turn a mill-wheel.

fulling-mill.
to raise runsufficient to

a),

[Lat.,

from

Body of soldiers enmiles, soldier.]

rolled for discipline, but engaged in
actual service only in emergencies.

Mi-lI'ti4-man (mi-aWa-,!),/^ One

who belongs to the militia.
Milk, a. [A.-S. miluc, mile ] 1. A
white fluid secreted by female mammals for the nourishment of their
2. White juice of certain
young.
plants. v. t. [-EDj-lNG.] 1. To
2. To draw from
draw milk from.
the breasts. 3. To supply with milk.
MIlk'ER, n. One who milks also,
[of milk.
one who gives milk.
;

Milk'i-ness,

Milk'maid,

Qualities like those

n.
n.

A woman

that milks

is

resembling, milk.
Milky way (Astron.), a broad, irregular, luminous zone in the heavens, supposed to be the blended light of innumerable fixed stars; the galaxy.

MILL,

n.

A, E,

I,

usage, the term mill

desire.

4.

Memory

To attend

Syn.

To notice;

observe; obey.

To be
v.

i.

remembrance.

[-ED -ing.]
v. t.
to fix the thoughts on.

to

mark; note; regard;

inclined, or disposed;

to incline.

Mind'ed, a. Disposed; inclined.

Mind'ful, a. Attentive; observant.
Mind'ful-LY, adv. Attentively.
Mine,. [A.-S. min.] Belonging to
me; my. n. [See infra.] 1. A

person.

[a million.

MILLIONTH,

Constituting one of
MIll'-race, n. A canal to convey
water to a mill-wheel.
Mill'stone, n. A stone used for
grinding grain.
MIll'-tail, n. The current of water
flowing from a water-wheel.
a.

[A.-S. milte.] 1. The spleen.

Milk.] The spermatic glands,
or the sperm of the male fish.
Mime, n. [Lat. mimus.] 1. A kind
n.

2. [See

of farce, among the ancients. 2.

actor in such representations.

An

A machine.

tellectual faculty in man; the understanding also, the spiritual nature

the soul.
2. Opinion
sentiment
judgment.
3. Choice
inclination

3.

MInce'-pie, n. A pie made with

minced meat, &c.
[manner.
MIn'cing-LY, adv.
In a mincing
Mind, n. [A.-S. mynd.] 1. The in-

[Lat. mille, a thousand.]

03- In modern

short steps, or affected nicety. 2. To

speak softly, or with affected nicety.

substance.

Mi-met'I,
la. Apt to imitate;
An imaginary money, the tenth of a Mi-met'I-al,
given to aping or
cent, or the thousandth of a dollar.
mimicry imitative.
2. [V. S.]
[A.-S. mylen.]
An en- MlM'IC,
a.
[Gr. /iu/iuied?, fr. fiigine or machine for grinding any MlM'I-AL,
to imitate.]
fieicrOai.,
1.

Threatening; menacing.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
minsian, fr. minn, minor, weak.] 1.
To cut into very small pieces; to
hash. 2. To clip, as words, or expressions.
v.i.
1. To walk with
rius.]

MlNCE

subterranean cavity or passage esp.

endogenous plant, and its grain. 2.
one from which minerals are dug.
2. A source of wealth or other good.
A hardy grass.
Mi'L'Ll-NER, n. [Orig. a Milaner, or
v. i.
1. To dig a mine.
2. To
inhabitant of Milan.]
One who
form a burrow or lodge in the ear' h.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
makes and sells head-dresses, bonv. t.
inare,
nets, &c, for women.
to drive.]
To dig away the foundaMIl'li-ner'y, n. The articles made
tion of; to sap
to undermine
to
or sold by milliners.
ruin or destroy slowly.
Mill'ion (mil'yun), n. [L. Lat. mill- Min'er, n. One who mines a digger
io, fr. Lat. mille, a thousand.]
The
of mines.
number of ten hundred thousand MlN'ER-AL, n. [L. Lat. minerale. See
Mine, n.] Any inorganic substance
1,000,000.
MIliVion-AIRE', n. One whose wealth
having a definite chemical composiis counted by millions
a very rich
tion.
a.
1. Pertaining to, or con-

employed in the dairy.

MlLK'soP, n. A soft, effeminate man.
Milk'TOOTH (150), n. 1. The fore
tooth of a foal. 2. One of the first
set of teeth of a child.
MIlk'y, a. Relating to, made of, or MIlt,
or

2.

MI-Ll'TlA (mi-lish

One who mimics

1.

or servile imitator.
v c.
To imitate for
135.]
sport
to ridicule by imitation.
Stn.
To ape counterfeit mock.

[-ED; -ing,

n.

n.

A mean
;

MIm'ic,

The building where grinding or

some manufacture is carried on. 5. MYM'ICK-ER, n.. One who mimics.

A pugilistic encounter. [Cant.] v. M1m'I-ry, n. Act of one who mimics.
-ing.] 1. To grind to com- Min'a-ret.h.
t. [-ed
[Ar. manarat, lamp,
2. To shape or finish by
minute.
lantern, turret.]
A slender, lofty
passing through a machine. 3. To
turret on Mohammedan mosques.
full, as cloth.
4. To beat severely
MI'N'A-TO-RY (50), a.
[Lat. minato4.

tenderness.
2.
Temperate- Mil'le-na'ri-an, a. Consisting of a
pertaining to the
thousand years
pleasant condition.
millennium.
n. One who believes
[Lat. millia, pi. of mille, a
in a millennium.
thousand (paces).]
A measure of
[Lat. millenarius
distance, being equivalent to 320 MIl'le-na-ry, n.
mille, a thousand.] The space of a
rods, or 5280 feet.
thousand years, v
[millenium.
Mile'age, n. An allowance for travMil-len'ni-al a. Pertaining to the
eling, as so much by the mile.
MlLE'-POST,
n. A post or stone to Mil-len'ni-AL-ist, n.
One who believes that Christ will reign personMlLE'-STONE, J mark the distance
ally on earth a thousand years.
of a mile.
[Lat. mille, a
MIl'ia-ry (miVya-ry), a. [Lat. mil- MlL-LEN'Nl-fJM, n.
thousand, and annus, a year.] The
iarius; milium, millet.] Resembling
thousand years, during which period
millet seeds.
Satan will be bound, and holiness
MIl'I-TANT, a. [Lat. militans, fightbecome triumphant throughout the
ing.] Engaged in warfare serving as
[manner.
world. See Rev. xx.
a soldier.
MIl'I-TA-RI-LY, adv.
In a military MIl'le-pore, n. [Lat. mille, a thou[Lat. militaris
sand, porus, pore.] A species of coral,
MlL'I-TA-RY, a.
with very minute cells on the surface.
miles, soldier.] 1. Pertaining to solMill'ER, n. 1. One who attends a
diers, to arms, or to war. 2. Warlike
n.
Soldiery;
grist-mill.
becoming a soldier.
2. A moth.
Mil-les'i-mal, a. [Lat. millesimius.]
militiaj the army.
MlL'I-TATE, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] To
Thousandth.
Mil'let, n. [Lat. milium.] 1. An
Btand opposed to contend.

mild

Mile,

MINGLE

272

Same

n.

(66), a.

milk;

1.

Inclined to imitate
in imitation.

imitative.

2.

Formed

b,\j } Y,long; A, ,3;, 6, U, ^, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

sisting of, minerals.

2.

with minerals.

Impregnated
[minerals.

MlN'ER-AL-IsT i n.
One versed in
MIn'er-al-i-za'tion, n. Process of
mineralizing.

MlN'ER-AL-iZE, V.
To make mineral

t.
;

to

[-ED; -ING.]

communicate

v i.
the properties of a mineral to.
To go on an excursion for minerals.
A substance
MIn'er-al-iz'er, n.
which mineralizes another, or combines with it in an ore.
Min/er-AL-6G'I-al, a. Pertaining
[mineralogy.
to mineralogy.
MIn'ER-al'o-GIST, n. One versed in
Min'er-Xl'o-Gy, n. [Prom mineral,
and Gr. Ao-yo?, discourse.] The science of mineral substances.
Min'e-ver, n. See Meniver.
MIn'gle, v.
[-ed: -ing.] [A.-S.
mengan.] To unite in one body to
t..

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TERM

PIQUE, FIRM; S6N,

MINIATURE
blend to mix.
to be united.
;

v.

To be mixed

i.

astery is or has been attached

times, a cathedral church.

MlN'I-A-TURE

(min'T-at-yvjr or min'it-yijr, 53), re.

[From Lat. miniare,
to tinge with vermilion.] A painting
on a reduced scale hence, greatly
diminished style or form.
a. On a

small scale.
Mi'N'I-KJN, a.
Small; diminutive.
re.
[Dim. of minion.] A darling.
MiN'IM, re. [Lat. minimus, the least,
smallest.] 1. Any thing very minute.
2.
single drop.
3. A half note,
equal to two quarter notes.
MlN'I-MIZE, V. t.
[-ED ; -ING.] To
reduce to the smallest part or proportion possible.
Min'i-mum, re. ;pl. min'i-ma. [Lat.
See supra.] Least quantity assignable in a given case
hence, a trihe.
MlN'lON(-yun), re. [0. II. Ger. minni,
minnia, affection.] 1.
favori*. 3 ;
particularly one who gains favors by

mean

adulation.
printing type.

2.

g^p" This typo

Min'is-ter,
1.

to

is

[Lat.,fr.

re.

minion.

minus,

cf affairs of state. 3. Representative

of a government at a foreign court.
4. One who serves at the altar
pastor of a church.
v. t. [-ed
-ING.]
To furnish-; to afford to supply.
MLvis-te'ri-al (89), a. 1. Pertaining to ministry, and executive officers.
2. Pertaining to a minister.
Syx. Official; clerical priestly; sa-

Mir'I-ness, re. State of being miry.

body of songs.
MiRK'Y, a. See MURKY.
re.
1. [A.-S. mynet, coin, Lat.
moneta, from Moneta, a surname of MiR'ROR, re. [Fr. miroir.] 1. A looking-glass.
2. A pattern
an exemJuno, in whose temple at Home monv.t. [-ed; -ING.] To replar.
The place where
ey was coined.]
flect, as in a mirror.
money is coined. 2. [A.-S. minte, fr.
Lat. mentha.] An aromatic plant MIRTH, re. [A.-S. mirdh. See MERRY.]
High excitement of pleasurable feel[-ed;
of various species.
v. t.

Mint,

-ING.]

To make by stamping, as
2. To invent
to

1.

money

forge

to fabricate

to coin.

2.

A slow, graceful dance.

a.
[Lat.] Less
also, requiring to be subtracted.
Mi-nute', a. [Lat. minutus, p. p. of
minuere, to lessen.] 1. Yery small
slight.
2. Attentive to small things.
Syx.

Little

diminutive

circum-

circumstantial
account embraces all the leading'events;
a particular account goes further, and
includes each event and movement,
though of but little importance a minute account goes further still, and omits
nothing as to person, time, place, adjuncts, &c.
stantial

particular.

ings in

company

noisy gayety.

Syn. Merriment; joyousness; gladness; fun; frolic

to fashion.

Mint'age, re.

cerdotal; ecclesiastical.

ing remote objects to be seen double,

or to appear as it* suspended in tho

Mi'nus,
less.]

a.

some-

1. That which is coined.

Duty paid to the mint for coining.
Min'U-end, re.
[Lat. minuendus, to
A
be diminished.]
A number from
which another is to be subtracted.
small kind of Min'u-et, re. [Fr. mcnuet,fr. menu,
small, on account of the small steps.]

A servant a subordinate. 2. One

whom i3 intrusted the direction

MlVlS-TRANT,

air.
MlN'STREL, n. [L. Lat. ininisterialis,
servant, workman. See Ministry.] Mire, re. [A.-S. myre.] Earth wet
[-ed;
v.t.
and soft; deep mud.
A bard a singer and a harper.
-ING.] 1. To plunge and fix in mire.
MlN'STREL-SY, ii.
1.
A collective
2. To soil with mud.
body of minstrels.
2. A collective

MISCARRY

273

glee; hilarity; festiv-

Gladness.
of mirth merry.
MIRTH'FIjjl,-LY, adv. In a mirthful
manner.
See

ity; jollity.

MiRTH'FUL,

a. Full

MIrth'ful-ness,

State of mirth.

re.

Without mirth.

MIrtii'less, a.
MlR'Y, a. Full

or consisting of,

cf,

mire.

UnderMlS-AC'CEP-TA'TION, re.
[dent.
standing ia a wrong sense.
Mis'AD-vent'ure, re. Unlucky acciMhVAL-LEGE' (-al-lej'), v. t. To state
v

erroneously.

Mis'AL-Ll'ANCE, n. Improper association a degrading connection by

;

marriage.

MlS'AN-THROPE

[Gr. juuo-av-

re.

MlS-AN'THRO-PiST,
0pa>7ro?
joucreu>, to hate, and dv0pw7ros, a man.]
A hater of mankind.
Mls'AN-THRoP'ie,
) a.
Hating
mankind.
MlN'UTE (mm/it), re. [Lat. minutum, MiS'AN-THROP'IG-AL,
i. e., a small portion.
See supra.] 1. Mis-an'tiiro-py, re. Hatred or dis[plication.
like to mankind.
Sixty seconds. 2. Sixtieth part of a
degree. 3. A note or memorandum Mls-AP/PLl-eA'TioN, re. Awrongap)

Performing service

as a miuister.

Min'is-tra'tion, n.
1. Ministry
agency. 2. Ecclesiastical function.
[-ed; -ING.] MiS'AP-PLY', v. t. [-ed; -ING, 142.]
v. t.
in writing.
MIn'is-try, . [See Minister.] 1.
To apply wrongly.
To make a note of to jot down.
Act of ministering
[-ED
ministration
MTn'ute-book (rmn'it-, 27), re. A MlS-AP'PRE-HEND', V. t.
agency. 2. Onice or duties of a min-ING.] To take in a wrong sense.
book of short hints.
ister.
3. A body of ministers
Mis-ap/PRE-hen'sio'n,
wrong
re.
A
the MiN'UTE-GUN (rmn'it-), re.
A gun
clergy ministers of state.
apprehension of one's meaning or of
discharged every minute, as a eignal.
MlN'I-VER, re. Same as ME NEVER.
M'inI-UTE-iiand (mm/it-), re. The hand
a fact.
MINK, n. A carnivorous quadruped
that points to the minutes on a clock
misunderSyx. Misconception
;

of the weasel tribe.

Min'ne-sing'er,

re.

minni, love, singcn i

Ger.

One

of a class of German poets and muiicians_of the 12thand lith centuries.

MlN'NOW(mIn / no), re. [Prob. from.Fr.
menu, little, sniaii.] A very small
fresh -water fish.
Mi'nor, a. [Lat.] 1. Inferior in bulk,
degree, importance, &c. less smaller. 2. Lower by a semitone.
re. 1.
A person of either sex under age. 2.
(Logic.) The minor term, that is, the
subject of the conclusion also, the
minor premise. 3. A Minorite.
MI'NOR-ITE, re. A Franciscan friar.
Mi-NOR'I-TY, re. 1. State of being a
minor. 2. The smaller number.
;

MlN'o-TAUR,

re.

standing; mistake.

or watch.
[0. H.
to sing.]

Ml-NUTE'LY, adv. In a minute manexactly.

[minute.
(min'St-ly), adv.
Every
MlN'UTE-MAN (min'it-, 150), re.
man ready to march at a moment's

ner

MlN'UTE-LY

Quality of be-

1.

re.

ing minute.

2. Critical exactness.
(-nQ'shl-, 95), re. pi.
particulars.
[Contr. fr. miniken.]

Mi-NU'TI-M
[Lat

Minute

pert,

t.

To

suit

Unlawfully

a.

or irregularly begotten.

behave

ill

-ING.] To

or improperly.

Mis'BE-HAv'IOR,
civil

[-ED

V. i,

behavior

Improper, or un-

re.

ill-conduct.

Mls'EE-LIEF', re.
Mis'BE-LIEV'ER,
a false belief._

Erroneous

belief.

supernatural event.

Ml-RAe'u-LOUS,
pernaturally.
wonderful.

a.

calculation.

Mis-gall' (mis-kawP), v. t. [-ed;

-ING.] To call by a wrong name.
Mis-CAR'RIAGE (nus-kar'rij, 45), ft.
1. Unfortunate event of an underIn a mi-

Performed

1.

2.

Bii-

Extraordinarily

MiVws, Minos, and raupos, a bull.]

fabled monster, half man and half Mi-rXg'u-lous-ly, adv.
raculous manner wonderfully.
Min'ster, re. [A.-S., fr. Lat. monas- Mi'-RAGE'fmi-razh'), re. [Fr. semirer,
terium.] A church to which a montcfreflect.]
An optical illusion causbull.

13

One who holds

re.
ii.
A
wanton girl.
MlR'A-CLE (nnr'a-kl), re. [Lat. mir- MlS-GAL'CU-LATE, V.t. [-ED -ING.]
aculum ; mirari, to wonder.] 1. A
To calculate erroneously.
wonder or wonderful thing. 2. A Mls-eAL/cu-LA'TlON, ii. Erroneous

MINX,

[Gr. Mii/arravpos, fr.

wolf, too.took; urn,

[ill.

Mis'be-have',

Mi-nute'ness,

"Wrong

re.

appropriation.

MiVBE-eoME' (-kumO,

A MlS'BE-GOT'TEN, p.

notice.

OR, DO,

MiVAP-PRO'PRI-A'TION,

rtte,

pull; E,

I,

O, silent

c, o,

soft,-

taking

Improper behav-

failure. 2.

3. Premature birth.
ior.
MlS-GAR'RY, V. i. [-ED -ING,

c, C, hard; As

E^.IST

as

NO

142.]

THIS.

MISCEGENATION

MISPRONOUNCE

274
A wrong date. v.

t.
Mls'IN-FORM', V. t. 1-ED -ING.] To
2. MlS-DATE', n.
1. To fail of the intended effect.
give erroneous information to.
[-ED -ING.] To date erroneously.
To fail to reach its destination. 3.
To bring forth young before the Mis-deed', n. An evil deed a wick- Mis-In'for-ma'tion, n. Wrong in;

formation.

ed action.

proper time._

MIs'ce-ge-na'tion, n. [Lat. mis- Mis-deem', v. t. [-ed -ing.] To MlS'IN-TER'PRET, V. t. [-ED -ING.]

To iuterpret erroneously to underjudge erroneously to misjudge.
eere, to mix, and genere, to beget.]
stand or to explain amiss.
MlS'DE-MEAN', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
Amalgamation of races.
behave ill
MIs'lN-TER'PRE-TA'TlON,n. A misMis'cel-la'ne-ous, a. [Lat. mistaken interpretation.
1. Ill behavcelianeus, from miscellus, mixed.] MIs'de-mean'OR, n.
ior. 2. Any crime less than a felony.
Mis-judge', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
Mixed consisting of several kinds.
mistake in judging of.
Mis'CEL-la-ny(44), n. 1. A mixtv.i. To
Syn. Misdeed; misconduct; misbehavior; fault; trespass; transgression.
2. A collection of
err in judgment
ure a medley.
to form false opincompositions on various subjects.
Mfe'DI-RECT', V. t. [-ED -ING.] 1.
ions or notions.
Mis-chance', n. Ill fortune.
To give a wrong direction to. 2. To Mis-judg'ment, n. A wrong or undirect to a wrong person or place.
just ^determination.
Syn. Calamity; misfortune; misadventure; mishap; infelicity; disaster.
MIs'dI-rEC'tjon, n.
Act of direct- MlS-LAY', V. t. [-LAID; -LAYING.] 1.
To lay in a wrong place. 2. To lay
ing wrongly.
Mis-charge', v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
in a place not recollected
to lose.
mistake in charging, as an account. Mis-do', v.t. [-did; -done -doM$'LE (nuz'l), v. i.
[-ed; -ing.]
ing.] To do wrongly
n. A mistake in charging.
[From mist; prop, mistle.] To rain
One who
^Iis'chIef, n. [0. Fr. meschef; mes, Mis-do'er (-dob'er), n.
in very fine drops, like a thick mist.
misdoes a wrong-doer.
and chef, properly, ill end.] 1. Evil
n.
A fine rain a thick '_iist.
produced or effected often, trivial Mis-do'ing (-denying), n. A wrong
Mis-lead', v. t.
[-led
-leaddone a fault or crime an offense.
evil or vexation. 2. Cause of trouble
ing.] To lead astray to deceive.
MjEs'em-ploy', v.t. [-ed; -ing.] To
or vexation.
employ to no purpose, or to a bad
Syn. To delude. To mislead is to
Syn. Damage; harm. Damage is
;

an injury which diminishes the value of

a thing; harm is an injury which causes
trouble or inconvenience mischief is an
injury which disturbs the order and consistency of things.
often suffer damage or harm from accident, or from the
course of Providence, but mischief always springs from the perversity or
folly of man.
;

We

MIs'chIef-mak'er,
makes mischief.
Mis'CHlEV-ous,

a.

One who

n.

lead astray in any manner: to delude is

to do it by exciting the imagination.
The former does not of necessity imply
any bad design but the latter always
supposes more or less of conscious in-

[ment.

Mi'ser,

An

[Lat.

n.

tention.

miser, wretched.]
person; a

n.
See Mistletoe.
M'Is'ly (miz'ly^,
Raining in very
small drops.
MlS-MAN'AGE, V. 7. [-ED -ING.] To

Mig'L-TOE,

extremely covetous

niggard.

Mis'ER-A-BLE,

a.

miser, wretched.]

[Lat. miserabilis

Very unhappy

1.

2.

chievous manner.
Mis'chiev-ous-ness,

v.t.
;

behave or manage

2. Causing misery.
3.
Worthless; despicable.
Syn.
Abject forlorn pitiable.
Mis'er-a-fly, adv. In a miserable

'
,

or charge.

wretch,ed.

Making mis-

1.

Inclined to do harm.
Mis'CHlEV-otjs-LY, adv. In a mischief.

purpose.

MTs'em-ploy'ment, n. Ill employMis-EN'try, 71. An erroneous entry

manage

ill

ill.

to administer

To

improp-

erly.

Mis-mXn'age-ment,

n.

Ill

or im-

proper management.
have mer- Mis-man'a-ger, n. One who manbeing mischievous.
ages ill.
cy.]
The 51st psalm, which comMIS-CHOOS.E', V. t. [-CHOSE -CHOSMis-match', v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
mences with this word.
EN -CHOOSING.] To choose wrong- Ml'ER-LY,a.
match unsuitably.
Very covetous.
[tion.
ly,
[-ed -ing.]
To
Mts/ER-Y, n. [Lat. miseria, from mi- Mis-name', v. t.
MIS'CI-TA'TION, n. Erroneous quotacall by the wrong name.
ser, wretched.]
1. Great unhappi[-ED
MIS-9ITE', v. t.
-ing.] To
[0. Fr. mes, amiss
ness extreme pain of body or mind. Mis-NO'MER, 7i.
cite erroneously.
wrong, and nommer, to name.] 1
2. Natural evils which are the cause
Mis-cl,aim', n. A mistaken claim.
A misnaming. 2. A wrong or inap
of misery.
Mis-com'PU-ta'TION, n. Erroneous
plicable name or title.
Syn. Wretchedness anguish discomputation.
tress; calamity; misfortune.
Ml-SOG'A-MIST, n.
[Gr. juuc-o-yajLUK
Mis'con-CEIT', n. Misconception.
Mis-FEA'gANCE, n.
fi.ia'eiv, to hate, and -va/ao?, marriage.]
[0. Fr. mes,
Misconceive', v. t. or i. [-ed;
wrong, and fa isance, deed.] (Law.)
A hater of marriage.
-ING'.]
To conceive or interpret
Mf-soG'A-MY, n. Hatred of marriage.
A trespass a wrong done.
wrongly.
[Gr. juio-oywTjs
Mis-fort'une, n. Ill fortune; ill Ml-SOG'Y-NlST, 71.
Syn. To misapprehend misunderluck an evil accident.
fuo-eiiA to hate, and yvvrj, woman.]
stand; misjudge; mistake.'
[sex.
Mis-give', v. t.
[-.gave
-given
A woman-hater.
J/hVcon-cep'TION, n.
Erroneous
-giving.] To fill with doubt and MTE-sog'y-ny, n. Hatred of the female
To
conception wrong notion or underapprehension.
[dence distrust. Mfs'PER-SUADE' (-swad / ), v. t.
standing of a thing.
Mis-gIv'ing, n. A failing of confipersuade amiss.
Mis-cSn'duct, n. Wrong conduct Mis-GOT'T^N, a. Unjustly obtained. MlS'PER-SUA'SION (-swa/zhun), n. A
ill -behavior.
Mis-g6v'ern, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
false persuasion.
MlS'CON-DUCT', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
govern ill.
Mis-PICK'JEL' (-pTk'l), n. [Ger.] ArTo conduct amiss to mismanage.
Mis-g6v'ern-ment, n. 1. Ill adsenical iron pyriies.
Mis'con-JECT'ure (53), n. A wrong
[-ED -ING.] To
ministration of public or private MIS-PLACE', V. t.
conjecture.
To guess
v. t. or i.
affairs.
2. Irregularity
put in a wrong place.
disorder.
wrongly.
[terpretation. Mis-Guid'ance, n.
Wrong direction MlS-PRINT', v. t. [-ED; -ing.] To
n.

Quality of

manner.

Mi&E-RE'RE,

11.

[Lat.,

,-

MIS'CON-STRUC'TION, n. Wrong inor guidance.

mistake in printing to print wrong.
MlS-CON'STRUE, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] Mis-guide' (72), v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
71.
A mistake or error in printing.
To inter pre t~erroneously.
To direct ill to lead into error.
Mis-PRts'lON (mis-prlzh'un), n. [Low
Mis-count', v. t. or i. [-ed -ing.] Mis-hap', n. Ill chance evil acciLat. mtsprisio Fr. mepris, contempt.
To mistake in counting.
n.
An
dent ill luck.
Neglect contempt as, misprision of
erroneous counting.
treason or felony, a neglect of treaMlS'IM-PROVE ',<?>. t.
[-EDJ-ING.]
uls'CRE-ANT, n. [0. Fr. mescre'ant,
To use for a bad purpose to abuse
son or felony, by not revealing it,
lit., wrongly believing.]
1. An infito misuse.
[employment.
when one has a bare knowledge of it.
del a misbeliever. 2. A vile wretch. MIs'im-prove'MENT, n.
-ING.]
Ill use or MIS/PRO-NOUNCE'j-U. t. [-ED

E"

I,

6, U, Y, long; A

P.. 1,

6, U, Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, XJEEX

',

PIQUE, 'IRM S6N.

;

MISPRONUNCIATION
To pronounce erroneously.
v. i.
To pronounce incorrectly.
MIs'PRO-NUN/CI-A'TION
(-shi-a/sbun), n. Wrong or improper pronunciation,
[quotation.

Mls'QUO-TA'TION, n. An erroneous
MlS-QUOTE', v. t. [-ED;-ING] To
quote erroneously.

MIs'RE-^IT'AL,

n.

[cital.

An

inaccurate re-ING.]

MIS'RE-MEM'BER, V. t. [-ED
To mistake in remembering.

MOAT

27
-TAKING]

45. v. i. [-ed -tng.] To

meet and match together, as two
pieces of molding, each cut at an
angle of 45.
c. t.
1. To adorn
with a miter. 2. To unite at an angle

To take wrongly to
2. To
substitute
misunderstand.
1.

erroneously, as a thought or thing.

To err in opinion or judgv.i.
1. A taking or apprement.
n
hending wrongly. 2. A fault in opinion, judgment, or conduct.
Mis-TAK'N (-tak'n),/). a. 1. Guilty
of a mistake in error. 2. Errone-

gle of

ous ;_incorrect

wrong.

Mis-teach', v. t.
[-taught;
MlS'RE-PORT', v. t. [-ed;-in&;] To
-teaching.] To teach wrongly.
report erroneously.
n. An errone- Mis-tell', v. t.
[-told; -tellous report.
ing.] To tell erroneously.
MlS-REP'RE-SENT', V. t. [-ED -ING.] Mis'TER, >?. [Contr. fr. Lat. magister.]
To represent falsely or incorrectly.
Sir
master
abbreviated Mr.
MlS-REP'RE-SENT-A'TION, n. False Mis-time', v. t.
[-ed -ing.] To

of 45.

[alleviated.

MYT'I-GA-BLE, a. Capable of being

MIt'I-GANT, a. Tending to mitiga'e".
MIT'I-GATE, 1>. t. [-ED;-ING.] [Lf\
mitigare, -gatum. from mitis, mik
j
1. To alleviate, as suffering.
2. i'o
soften in severity or harshness.

3.

To reduce in amount, as a penalty.

Syn. To assuage. He who mitigates relaxes in lespect to harshness; lie
who assuages actively lessens the pain
of others. We mitigate by being less severe
we assuage by being positively
kind.
judge mitigates a sentence;
friends assuage our afflictions.

time wrongly not to adapt to the

or erroneous representation an inA
correct account.
time.
v. i.
To neglect the proper
Mis-rule', n. 1. Disorder; confusion;
time.
MlT'I-GA'TlON,n. Act of mitigating,
tumult from insubordination.
2. M'j'st'i-ness, n. State of being misty.
or state of being mitigated.
Unjust domination.
Mh'tle (mtzT), v. i. [Eng. mist.]
Syn. Alleviation; abatement; relief.
Miss, n
To fall in very fine drops, as raiu.
1. [Contr. from mistress.]
Young woman or girl
a title of Mis/TLE-TOE (miz'l-), n. [A.-S. mis- MlT'I-G ACTIVE, a. Tending to mitigate. _
[which, mitigates.
address to an unmarried woman. 2.
lelta.]
A parasitic evergreen plant,
MlT'I-GA'TOR, n. One who, or that
Loss want felt absence.
3. Misbearing a glutinous fruit.
[-ed; -in G.J MlS'TRANS-LATE', V. t. [-ED -ING.] Mitrailleuse (me'tra'yuhz'), n.
take'; error.
v. t.
[Fr., from mitrailler, to fire grape[A.-S. mission.] 1. To fail of hitting
To translate erroneously.
shot.]
A machine-gun for rapid
2. To do Mis'TRANS-LA'TlON, n. An erroneous
or reaching, or finding.
firing.
without to forego.
translation.
3. To omit
to
pass by. 4. To feel the want of.
MTs'TRESS, n. [0. Eng. viaistress. Mi'tre, n. & v. See Miter.
[Abbrev. from mitten.] A
1. To fail to hit.
v. i.
2. Not to
See MASTER.] 1. The female head Mitt, n.
mitten also, a thin fiugerless cover
of a family, a school, &c.
succeed. 3. To mistake.
2. A
wrist
for
the
and hand.
Mis'sal, n.
woman well skilled in any tiling. 3.
[L. Lat. missale, from
missa, mass. See Mass.] The RoA sweetheart. 4. A paramour. 5.J Mit'ten (5S), n. [Ir. & Gael, mutan,
math,
from
the
hand.]
A cover for
man Catholic mass-book.
Madam
a title of address, now
the hand, without fingers.
Mis-send', c. t. To send amiss.
superseded by the abbreviated form
MiT'Ti-MUS,n.
[Lat.,
we
send.] A
Missis, written Mrs.
Mis-shape', v. t.
[-ed {p. p. also
warrant of commitment to prison.
-EN) -ING.] To shape ill to deform. Mis-trust', n. "Want of confidence.
Mix,
t.
[-ed;
v.
-ing.]
[A.-S.
misMlS'SILE, a. [Lat. niissUis,fr.mitttre,
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To regard
can.] 1. To unite to blend. 2. To
missum, to send, throw.] Capable
with jealousy or suspicion to susjoin
associate.
to
3.
To
produce
of being thrown.
n.
pect to doubt. 2. To surmise.
A. weapon
by stirring ingredients together to
Mls-TRUST'FUL,a. Suspicious wantthrown, or intended to be thrown.
mingle.
v. i. 1. To become blendMlS'SION (mTsh'uu), n. [Lat. missio,
ing confidence.
[tune wrong.
to associate.
ed. 2. To be joined
Mis-tune', r. t. [-ed -ing.] To
fr. mittere, to send.]
1. A sending,
MIx'ti-lin'e-al,
a.
[Lat. mixtus,
or being sent commission. 2. Duty Mi'st'y, a. [-ER -est, 142.] 1. Overmixed, and Eng.
spread with mist. 2. Obscured as if M'ix/ti-lin'e-ar,
on which one is sent. 3. Persons
linear.]
Containing,
or conlineal,
sent delegation.
4. A station of
by mist.
sisting of, straight and curved lines.
missionaries.
MlS-tJN'DER-STAND', r. t. [-STOOD;
mixtvra;
misMlXT'URE,
n.
[Lat.
Mis'sion-a-ry (misb/un-), n.
^standing.]
To misconceive; to
One
cere, mixtum, to mix.]
1. Art of
take in a wrong sense.
sent
especially to propagate religstate
of
being
mixed.
2.
mixing,
or
Mis-On'der-stand'ing, n. 1. Mision.
Pertaining to missions.
a.
That which is mixed. 3. An ingreMis'SIVE, a. [Lat. mittere, missum,
take of meaning error misconcepentering
into
a
mixed
mass.
dient
tion.
2. Disagreement; difference;
to send.] 1. Intended to be sent. 2.
Sv\T Union association admixtslight quarrel.
Intended to be thrown or hurled.
ure; intermixture; medley.
n.
Mis-us'age, n.
Ill usage; abuse.
That which is sent a message.
Mis-spell', v. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To MTz'ZEN (miz'zn), a. [It. mezzana,
[-ed (or mis- MlS-UE', V. t.
Nearest the
fr. mezzo, middle.]
spelt); -ing.] To spell wrong; to
treat or use improperly.
2. To treat
The hindmost of the
n.
stern.
write or utter with wrong letters.
ill.
Mis-spend', v. t. [-spent; -spend- Mis-use', n. 1. Wrong application or
fore and aft sails of a vessel.
ing.^ To spend amiss to squander.
misapplication.
use
Morally Miz'zle, v. i. See Misle.
2.
(ne-), a.
MNE-MON'IC
[Gr. fivqMis-state', t>. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
wrong use abuse.

state

wronglv

to falsify.
n.
An

Mis-state 'ME NT,

statement.

MlTE,n.
incorrect
[step.

Mis-step' (109), n. A wrong or false

MIST, n. [A.-S. mist, Icel. mistr.] 1.
watery vapor, approaching the form of rain. 3. Auy
thing which dims or darkens.
v. t.
To cloud to cover with mist.
v.i.
[-ED -ING.] To rain in very fine
Fog.

2. Coarse,

drops.

[taken.

Mis-TAK'A-BLE, a. Liable to be misMis-take', r. t. [-took; -taken;

OR, do,

[A.-S. mite.] 1.

Anything MNE-MON'I-AL

2 A minute spider.
3.
smallest coin of the Hebrews.

very small.

The
MI'ter,
Ml'TRE.

A head

tem

v.

by the ends of
two pieces, each
cut off at an anE,

I,

O, silent

(U.ti;-

To bewail to lament.
i.
To make a low, dull sound of
grief or pain.
n.
1.
low, dull
sound, as of grief.
Moat, n. [0 Fr. mote, hill, dike,

covering,

cardinals, &c. 2.
The joint formed

fr.

msenan.]

1.

worn by bishops,

wolf, TOO, TOoe; URN, RUE, PULL

JU.OVIKOS,

(ne-), n. sing.
sysof rules to assist the memory.
[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
v. t.

Moan,

/uirpa,

head-band.]

memory.] Assisting the memory.

MNE-MON'ICS

[Gr.

ft.

1X7),

C, G, soft

bank J A deep trench round the

rampart of a castle or other fortified
place a ditch.

Mit
;

-e ,

G hard ;
,

As.;

exist; $as ng; th.a

MOB
Mob,

MOLESTATION

276

[Lat. mobile vulgus, the movable common people.]

disorderly

To become

Moi'DORE,

n.
[From Pg. moeda
rigorous, or intense.
d'ouro, lit. coin of gold
A gold
M6d'er-ate-ly, adv. In a modercoin of Portugal, valued at about $6.
ate manner or degree.
Moi'E-TY (or maw'e-ty), n. [Fr. mou
Syn. Populace. Populace signifies
the lower orders of the people taken col- Mou'er-A'tion, ji.
1. Act of modtie, Lat. medietas.]
A half.
lectively a iiiob is a riotous assembly of
erating.
2. State of being moderMoil, r. i. [-ed -ing.j [Lat. molm\
persons. A mu may be gathered and
freedom from excess. 3- Calmate

n.

v.

7.

less violent, severe,

and tumultuous crowd.

disnersed in an hour; ihvpupulu.ee

permanent portion of

ia

v. t.
[-bed; -bjng.] To attack
in a disorderly crowd.
216b'-AI\, n. A head-dress, tying under the chin by a very broad band.
Mo'BiLE, a. [Lat. mobilis, fr. movers,
to move.] Capable of being excited.
Mo-BlL'i-TY, n.
1. Susceptibility of
being moved. 2. Activity. 3. Fickle-

ness.

MoB'l-LlZE,

v.

To

[-ed; -ING.]

t.

call into active service, as troops.

n.
[Eng. mob, and
Or. Kparelv, to rule.] Rule of the mob.

MoB-oc'RA-^Y,

Moc'-CA-S/N, n.

[Indian.]

Syn. To deride ridicule jeer.

i.
To make sport in contempt
;

v.

n.
mockery. a.
bat not real

Ridicule

or in jest.

mind

equanimity.

Imitating

derision

reality,

false.

MoCK'ING-BiRD,

singing-bird
that imitates the notes of other birds
Mo'dal, a. Pertaining to a mode or
mood consisting in mode or form
only.
Mo-dal'1-ty, n.
Quality of being
modal, or being in form only;
Mode n [Lat. modus, measure, manner.] 1. Manner of existing.
2.
Prevailing popular custom. 3. Variety
gradation
degree. 4. Condition, or state of being.
5. A difference of form in the inflection of a
n.

mood.

verb;

ment

6.

Arrange-

(Mus.)

of the intervals in a scale.

Method; manner; form; fashSyn.
ion; way; style.

Mod'el

-ING.] To
v. t. [-ed
cause to conform to recent or present usage *ov taste.
MoD'EST,a. [Lat. modestus, fr. modus, measure.] 1. Restrained within limits of propriety.
2. Free from
familiarity orindecency 3. Evincing
modesty in the actor or author.
Syn. Reserved; unobtrusive; bash;

ful; bhy; chaste.

Mod'est-ly,

In a modest

adv.

n. 1. Absence of selfarrogance, and presumption.

2. Purity of manners.
MuJD'l-e&M, n. [Lat.] A small quantity,
[being modified.
Mod'i-FI'A-BLE, a.
Admitting of
MoD'l-Fl-eA'TiON, n. 1. Act of mod2. Particular form or manify ing.

M6d'i-fy,

[-ed; -ing, 142.]

v. t.
[Lat. modijicare, fr. modus, measure, and facere, to make.] To change
the form or external qualities of; to
vary.
[fashionable.
Mod'ISH, a. According to the mode
Mod'ist, n. One who follows the
;

mode.

Mod'u-late

Mod'er-ATE

(45),

to be executed.

a.

Kept within

Angora goat, or the

from it.

Mold'er,
n.
One who, or that
Mould'ER,
which, molds, v.i.
[See Mold.] 1. To turn to dust
)

to crumble

away. v.

t.

2. To waste
[-ED; -ING.] To turn

to perish.

to waste.

Mold'i-ness, In. State of being

Mould'I-ness, j moldy.

MOLD'ING,

MOULDING,

yond a

n.

Any

1.

2.

thing cast.

projection

column, &c.
Mold'y, la.
[-ER; -EST,'
Mould'y,
Over-grown or
with mold.

be-

wall,

MOLE,n.

142.]
filled

Mole '-HILL,

is

is formed.
3. A
substance like down on bodies that
long in the damp. 4. [Lat. modulus.
See Model.]
Matrix. 5.
Any thing to regulate the size, form,
&c. 6. Cast; form; shape.
v.t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To cause to contract mold.
2. To cover with mold
or soil. 3. To shape to model to
fashion.
v. i. To gather mold.
Mold'a-BLE,
a.
Capable of being
Mould'A-ble, j molded or formed.

lie

hair of the

musicalmanner.

[A.-S. molde.] Fine,

earth.
2. Matter of

which any thing

oriental ori-

t.

Mod'el-ler, I
Delhi.
M6d'el-1NG, In. Act or art of mak- Mo'HAlR, n. [Prob. of
Mod'EL-LINg, ing a model from
gin.]
The long, silky

it.

mal.] A small
permanent protuberance on the
body. 2. [Lat. mola.] A mass of
fleshy matter in the uterus. 3. [Lat.
moles.] A massive work of stones
to defend a port from the violence
of the sea. 4. [From its burrowing
into the mold, or ground.] A small,
insect-eating mammal, with minute
eyes and very soft fur.
Mo-LE'u-LAR, a. Belonging to, or
consisting of, molecules.
M6l'e-ULE, n. [Dim. of Lat. moles,
a mass.] One of the invisible particles supposed to constitute matter.

[-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. modulari ; -latus, fr. modulus,
a small measure, melody.] To vary
or inflect in a natural, customary, or
(77), v.

which a work of art

manufacturing

Mold, In. 1.
Mould,) soft

to dust

ner.

[Lat. modulus, dim. Mod'u-la'tion, n.

(61), n.
1. Act of moduof modus. See supra.]
1.
Standlating.
2. Sound modulated
melard. 2. Pattern example. 3. Someody. 3. (Mus.) A change or passthing to be copied. 4. A represening from one key to another.
tation; a fac-simile.
v. t.
[-ED, Mod'ule, n.
[Lat. modulus.]
A
-ING; or -led, -ling, 137.] To plan
model or representation
[lian race.
or form after a pattern.
Mo-GtJL', n. A person of the MongoMoD'EL-ER,
x
i\
*
Great Mogul, the former emperor of
n
0ae
wb0
models
)

manner.

imitation or effort.

Mock'er, n. One who mocks.

M6d'est-Y,
Mock'er-Y, n. 1. Act of mocking or
confidence,
deriding. 2. Derision ridicule. 3.
Subject of laughter sport. 4. Vain

effort

A shoe
2. A Mod'ern-ize,
sole.
1.

of soft leather, without a

poisonous water serpent.
Mock, v.t. [-ed -ing.] [Gr. /xwKav.] 1. To imitate in contempt or
2. To treat with scorn. 3.
derision.
To disappoint the hopes of.

To work with painful

to toil
to drudge.
Mod'ER-A'TOR, n. 1. One who mod- ISloisT, a. [0. Fr. woiste, prob. from
erates or restrains. 2. One who preLat. humertus.]
Moderately wet;
sides over a meeting.
damp humid.
Mod'ERN. a. [Lat. modernus ; modo, MoisT'.EN(niois<'n),t\ t. [-ED :-lNG.]
just now.] Relating to the present
To make damp to wet slightly.
time, or time not long past.
MoiST'NESS,ri. Quality of being moist.
Syn. Recent; new; novel; late. Moist'Ore, n. 1. Moderate wetness.
Modern is opposed to ancient; recent, to
2. That which moistens.
what has been past for no considerable Mo'lar, n.
grinding or a double
length of time; as, modern civilization,
tooth.
a.
[Lat. molaris, fr. mola,
improvements, &c; recent advices, inmill.]
Having power to grind.
telligence, &c.
Mo-lAs'SEs, n. sing. [Fr. mclasse,
.,
A person of modern times.
fr. Lat. mellaceus, honey-like.]
The
Mod'ERN-ism, n. Modern practice;
syrup which drains from sugar in
a thiug of recent date.
to struggle.]

ness of

society.

fabric

made

1.

[A.-S.

n.

little

elevation

thrown up by moles under ground.

Mo-LEST', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
;

due bounds.
molestare, fr. mole.stus, troublesome.]
Mo-hasi'med-an, a. Pertaining to
V16d'er-Ate, v. t. [-ED -ing.] [Lat.
Mohammed or his religion. n. A
To trouble to render uneasy.
moderare ; -ratum, fr. modus. See
follower of Mohammed.
Srir. To disturb; incommode; inMode.] To restrain from excess; Mo-ham'med-an-ism, n. The reconvenience; annoy; vex; tease.
to keep within bounds
to allay
to Mo-hXm'med-im,"
ligion
or Mol'ES-ta'tion, n. Act of molestrepress to temper
to qualify.
doctrines of Mohammed Islamism.
ing, or state of being molested.

A, E,

I,

O, U, Y, long; X, E,

I,

6, U, Y, snort;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; S6N,

MOLLIENT
MOL'LI-ENT

[Lat.
moUiensJ Assuaging emollient.
Mol'li-fi'a-BLE, a. Capable of being mollified.
MoL'Li-Fi-eX'TlON, n. Act of molli;

fying

mitigation.

M6l'li-fy,

v.

Mo-naRH'i-al, ) a. 1. Tested in Monk'ey- wrench (-rench), n. A

wrench or spanner having a movable
Mo-NARH'l,
a single ruler.
J
jaw.
[to monks.
Mo-narH'I-al, ) 2. Pertaining to
MONK'ISH, a. Like a monk relating
monarchy or a monarch.
Principles of M6n'0-HRO-mat'I, a. Consisting
Mon'ARGH-ISM, n.
of oue color.
monarchy preference of monarchy.
;

[-ed; -ing, 142.]

t.

MONOPTOTE

277

[or mol'yent), a.

[Lat. mollificare ; mollis, soft, and

facere, to make.] 1. To make soft.
2. To assuage, as pain.
8. To appease to pacify.
;

M6n'ARH-y,

n.

advocate of

A government in

n.

num.
Mo-LYB'DE-NOUS,
dena.]

Mo'MENT,

n.

mon'as-try),
fr. p.ovao-rrip,

A house

of re-

M6n'o-dy,

One who

11.

writes

n. [Gr. fxovtoSCa, fr. fxovos,

la.

Mon'o-dist,
monody.

Pertaining to
monasteries, or
Mo-NAS'TI-AL,
to monks and nuns. 2. Secluded
from temporal concerns.
1.

Mo-NOG'A-MIST,

One who

n.

disal-

lows second marriages.

Mo-NOG'A-MY,

n.

[Gr.

/oioi/os,

single,

and ycuios, marriage.] A marriage

to one wife only.
Monkish life.
M3n'o-gram,
mOnanddg.
day
of
n.
[Gr. ju.6vo5, single,
[A.-S.
and ypajUjua, letter.]
the moon.] Second day of the week.
A character
or
cipher
composed
M6n'e-TA-ry (mfin'e-ter-y),**- Perof two or more
pecuniary.
letters interwoven.
taining to money
Mo-NAS'Tl-oisM,

ft.

Mon'day, n.

a.

Pertaining to

MON'EY (mun'y,

[0. Fr.
148), n.
mone.ie, Lat. moneta.
See MINT.]
2.
Any currency
1. Coin
cash.

Molyb-

[See

it.

1.

minute portion of time an in2. Impulsive power

mostant.
mentum. 3. Importance in influ-

in

buying and

Mox'EY-BRO'KEK,

n.

Mon'o-graph'ig-AL,

Every mo-

Mon'Ser
gere, fr.

a writing.]

M6n'EYD

ment.

ypa4>ri,

ing

to

monograph.

M6'ment-A-ri-ly, adv.

[Gr. fxovos, single,

selling.

(man'id), a. 1. Rich in
money. 2. Consisting in money.
ence or effect. 4. Essential element. MON'EY-ER, n. An authorized man[ey.
ufacturer of coin,
Instant.
Syn.
A moment allows of
a beginning aiuLenjJ.; an instant is indi- MON'EY-LESS, a.
Destitute of monvisible. The latter, therefore, expresses
An
order for a
MOK'EY-OR'DER,
n.
more brevity and urgency than the forsum :f money deposited at one postmer. "Do it this instant" requires the
offic.:, on some other office where the
utmost haste; "Do it this moment" admits of no hesitation or delay.
payment is to bemade.
;

ii.

broker who

money.

deals in

M6n'o-gr\ph,

A written account
of a single thing, or class of things.
Mon'o-grXph'IG,
a.
Pertain-

employed

rare metal.
[Lat. momentum.]

painting with

single, and wSr/, song.]

mournful poem, by a single mourner.

ligious retirement for monks.

n.
monk.

Mo-nas'ti-g,
Mo-N.\s'Tl,

molybdena.

Mol'yb-de'num,

[colloq.

[Gr. fjLovao"njpLov,

a solitary, a monk.]

.
[Gr. fJLO\vP&ai.va,
fr. ju.oAv/36os, lead.] An ore of a dark
of molybdesulphuret
lead color

eye.

MOL'YB-DE'NA,

[Gr. fxovos, single,

11.

xpeofta, color.]
color.
Mo-no'u-lar, I a.

a single

An

invertebrate animal, having a

soft, fleshy body.
Molt (20),") v. i. [-ed -ing.] Prov.
Moult,
Ger. mutern, mutern,
]
See Mew.] To shed or
Fr. muer.
cast the hair, feathers, skin. &c.
Molt'-EN (molt'n, 20), p. a. Melted.
MO-LYB'DATE, n. A compound of
molybdic acid with a base.

MON'0-HROME,
and

1.

[Gr. fxovos, sinwhich the supreme power is in the

gle, and Lat. oc.y
hands of a monarch. 2. Territory Mo-NOC'U-LOtJS,
idus, eye.]
1. Having one eye only.
ruled over by a monarch.
2. Adapted to be used with only one
Mon'as-te'ri-AL, a. Pertaining to

Mol-lus'can, n. A mollusk.
Mol-lOs'AN,
a. Relating to, or reMOL-LUS'GOUS, sembling, mollusks.
a monastery.
Mol'LUSK, n. [Lat. molluscus, soft.] MoN'AS-TER/Y
1

An

MoN'AReti-isT, n.
monarchy.

(mangier),
mangian, to

n. [A.-S. mantrade.]
trad-

Mo-nog'ra-phy,

n.

1.

drawing; a sketch.

2.

An

outline

A monograph.

M6n'o-lith, ii.
vos, single, and

[Gr. ixovoKiOos
fxokiQos, stone.]
colconsisting of a single stone.
Mon'o-LOGUE, ii. [Gr. jxovos, alone,
and Aoyo?, speech.]
soliloquy.
MON'O-MA'NI-A, ii. [Gr. |u.6i/o?, siflgle, ixavia, madness.]
Derangement
of a single faculty of the mind or with
regard to a particular subject only.
Mon'O-ma'NI-ag. 7i. A person affect,

umn

Mo'ment-a-RY (44), a. Done in a

er; a dealer.
ed by monomania. a.
moment continuing only a moment. Mon'grel (mung'grel), a. [See MinAffected
with monomania.
M6'MENT-LY, adv. 1. Foramoment.
gle.] Of a mixed breed; hybrid.
n. An animal of a mixed breed. Mo-no'mi-al, ii. [Gr. /u.ot/0?, alone,
2. Every moment.
and vojutj, distribution.] A single alMo-MENT'otJS, a. Of moment im- Mo-Nl'TION (-msh'un), n. LLat. mo:

portant.

Mo-ment'ous-ness,

n.

State of be-

ing of great importance.

nitio; monere, to warn.] 1. Admo2. Information

nition warning.
[tion admonitory.
notice.
;

gebraic expression.

Mon'o-PET'A-lous, a.
alone, and
TtiraXov,

MO-MEN'TUM, n. ; La', pi. MO-MgN'- Mon'I-tive, a. Conveying admoniHaving only one

TA Eng.pl. MO-MEN'TUMS. [Lat.] Mon'i-tor, n. [Lat.] 1. One who
la in one piece.
admonishes. 2. A pupil selected to Mon'oph-THONG
1. The quantity of motion iii amov-

[Gr. fxovos,
flower-leaf.]
petal, or the corol-

velocity: impetus. 2. Esing body

sential or constituent element.
*I6n'A-HAL, a.
[Gr. p-ovaxos, a
monk.] Pertaining to monks or a
;

look to the scholars in the absence

of an instructor, or to instruct a division or class.
3. A kind of turret-

(mon'of-thong

MON'OPH-THON'GAL

ed iron-clad war-vessel.

or

mo-n5p / thong), n. [Gr. p.6vos, alone,

and </>0oyy6<j, sound.] A single uncompounded vowel sound.
(-of- or -op-), O,

Mon'i-TO'RI-al, a. 1. Pertaining to
Consisting of a monophthong.
2. Conducted, taught, MO-NOP'O-LIST,
a monitor.
n.
One whfr
or communicated by monitors.
Mo-nop'o-liz'er,
monopolizes
ences of alnonastic life.
Mon'ad, n. [Gr. novas, fj.ov6.8os, uni- M6n'I-to-RY, a. Giving admonition. Mo-nop'o-lize, v. t. [-ed: -ing |
1. To purchase or obtain possession
ty, unit.]
An ultimate atom, or MONK(munk), n. [Gr. (jlovclxos, from
simple, unextended point.
One of a religious
(xovos, alone.]
of the whole of.
2. To obtain by
community inhabiting a monastery.
Mo-N.\D'ie,
a.
Relating to moany means the exclusive l'ight of,
Mo-NAD'l-AL. J
nads; having the M6nk'er-y, n. Monastic life.
esp. the right of trading to any place.
Monk'ey (munk'y, 148), n. [Cf. 0.
nature of a monad.
3. To engross or obtain the whole of.
monastic

life.

Mon'a-ghism,

n.

System and

influ-

MoN'ARH,

n.

[Gr. ju.6vapxos

ftovo?,

alone, and apxeiv, to rule.] A sole

ruler an autocrat
a sovereign an
emperor, king, prince, or chief.
MO-naroh'AL, a. Pertaining to a
monarch sovereign ; regal.
;

Or, DO, WOLF, too>

TOOKi

t)EN.

It. monicc/iio,n, little ape,] 1.

footed

mammal

four-

with a prehengile

esp., a long-tailed individual r>f

this sort. 2. Weight of a pile-driver.
MbNK'EY-JACK'ET, n.
long, tailless, close-fitting jacket.
tail

RUE. PULL: E,

I,

O, silent

Mo-NOP'o-LY,

n.

[Gr.ju.oi/07rtoAiov;

alone, and iruikelp, to sell.]

Sole permission and power of dealing
in any goods, or with a particular
country or place.
jmovos,

Mon'op-tote,

9,G,5q/^; ,G,hard; Ag;

or

Mo-nop't5te,

iu

E^STJ JjasNG; THIS

MONOSTICH
A noun

[Gr. ijlovotttuitos.]

having Mood'i-ly, adv.

ner,

[Gr. \x.ov6oti\ov
and <ni\o%,
fjiovos, single,
verse.] A composition consisting of
oue verse only.
(-stik), n.

Mon'o-syl-labTc,
one

a.
Consisting of
syllable, or of words of one sylla-

ble.

3H5n'o-syl/la-ble,
j

c-vAAaj3os
syllable.] _

[Gr. fiovon.
single, avAAa/37j,

/aovos,

word of one syllable.

itfoN'o-THE'lSM, n. [Gr. juoVos, alone,
only, and eos, God.] Doctrine that
there is but one God.

Mon'o-the'ist,
there

is

Mon'o-tone,

One who

n.

believes

but one God.

[See

n.

unvarying tone

uniformity.

Mo-NOT'O-NY,

n. [Gr. /u.ovo-roi'ia,from
/u.6Vos, alone, single, and tows, tone.],

[Fr.

ill-humor, peevishness, anger, &c.

n.
[A.-S. mdna, allied to Gr.

MOON,

The

earth's satellite. 2.
Any secondary planet or satellite. 3.
A month a complete revolution of
the moon.
[the moon.
Moon'beam, n A ray of light from
1.

/xtji^j.]

(-Id), a. 1.

by the moon.

MOON'UGHT

(-lit), n.

Mon-soon',

n.

a season.] A
Indian Ocean.

sieur, lord.]

A Frenchman

2.

1.

MoN'STER,n.

[Lat.

monstrum, from

show, point out.]

Something of unnatural size, shape,
or quality a prodigy.

monstrare,

to

Mon-stros'i-ty,
ing monstrous.

n.

State of be-

1.

An

2.

unnatural

pi-oduction.

Mon'stroCs;

1. Deviating greatabnormal.
extraordinary
marvelous. 3. Horrible dreadful.
Mon'strous-LY, adv. 1. Shocking2. To a great degree.
terribly.
ly
Mon-tan'ic, a. [Lat. mons, mantis,
mountain.] Pertaining to, or consisting in, mountains.

ly

a.

from the natural form

Enormous

2.

Month

light af-

a.

Illumi-

Moon'shine, n. 1. Light of the

moon. 2. Show without substance.
Affected

a.

by the

1.

Con-

Mon'U-MENT, n.

[Lat.

monumentum,

2. A building, pillar, stone, or

the like, erected to preserve the reor thing.
Memorial;
remembrance:
Syn.
cenotaph; tomb.
QloN'u-MENT'AL,, a.
1. Pertaining
to, or inscribed on, a monument. 2.

membrance of a person

Jl00D,n. I. [Lat. modus.] Manner;

style; mode; logical form; musical
style

grammatical form

I, E,

I,

O, U, Y, long; A, ii,i a 6,

tj,

Mop'ish-ness,

n.
Dullness stupiddejection.
Mop'pet, n. [Eng. mop.] A rag
baby also, in fondness, a little girl.
Mop'sey, n. 1.
moppet.
2.
slatternly woman.
Mo-raine', n. [Fr.] A line of rocks
and gravel along the sides of glaity

ciers.

MoR'AL,a.

[Lat. moralls

mos, ma-

manner, habit.] 1. Pertaining

to those intentions and actions of
which right and wrong are predicated. 2. Conformed to rules of right
virtuous. 3. Subject to the moral
law.
4. Probnble.
1.
n.
Manners; conduct; behavior;
usually
in the pi. 2. Meaning or significance
ris,

of a fable, &c.

One who teaches or

n.

Moose,

n.

bus, disease.]

[In-

An animal

dian.]

Syn. Diseased; sickty; sick. Morbid is sometimes used interchangeably

The males have

is commonly applied,
in a somewhat technical sense, to catos
of a prolonged nature; as, a morbid condition of the nervous system, a rnorbid
sensibility, &c.

with diseased, but

antlers.

Mor'bid-ly, adv.
Moose.

dispute,

tian, to

mot, a meeting.] To debate to

discuss, esp. in a mock court.
v.
To argue or plead on a supposed
a.
Undecided; debatable.
cause.
11
A discussion or debate.

fr.

?'.

A case,

or question,

[mooted.
Moot'a-BLE, a. Capable of being
Moot'- court, n. A court for the
purpose of arguing or trying feigned

[case.

cases.

Moot'-point, n. Same as MootMop, n. [W. mop, mopa.] An instrument made of cloth, &c. with a

v.

t.

Not sound and health-

ful.

of the deer kind.

used

[-PED;

washing Moors.
-PING.] To wipe

for

with a mop.

narrow board
n. A
nailed against the wall of a room
next to the floor.

manner of Mop'-board,

action or being.
2.
[A.-S. m5d.]
Temper or temporary state of mind.

dejected.

handle,

Memorial.

spiritless

from monere, to remind.] 1. Any Moot'-ASE, n.

to be debated.
thing intended to remind or give notice.

practices morality.
Relating to, or like,
Mo-RAL'I-TY, n. 1. Conformity to
Bearing a crescent.
the true moral standard or rule. 2.
Moor, n. 1. [A.-S. mZr, waste land.]
Doctrine or system of moral duties
An extensive waste covered with
ethics. 3. Practice of the moral and
heath
a heath
a fen. 2. [Gr.
social duties.
Maupos.J A native of the northern
coast of Africa. v. t. [-ED; -ING.] MOR'AL-IZE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
[A.-S. merran, to hinder.] To secure,
apply to a moral purpose to explain
as a ship, by cables and anchors.
in a moial sense.
v. i.
To make
MOOR'AGE, n. A place for mooring.
moral reflections.
MoOR'lNG, ii. 1. Act of securing a MoR'Af,-iz'ER,. One who moralizes.
ship, by means of anchors, &c.
2. M6r'al-ly, adv. 1. In a moral sense.
That which serves to confine a ship
2. Virtuously
honestly. 3. Probto a place. 3. pi Place or condition
ably.
Mo-R ass', n. [0. Ger. morasz.] A
of a ship thus confined.
MoOR'lSH,a. 1. Marshy fenny. 2.
tract of soft, wet ground
a marsh.
Mo-ra'vi-an, n. One of a religious
Pertaining to the Moors.
Moor'-land, n. 1. A marsh. 2. A
sect called the United Brelhnn.
Mor'BID, a. [Lat. morbidus. fr. morcold, hilly, boggy land.

a.

tinued a month, or performed in a

month. 2. Happening once a month.
n.
A publication appearing once
a month.
adv. Once a month.

stupid person.
Mop'ish. a. Dull

1.

[A.-S.

SIonth'LY (munth'ly),

2.

monadh, MO~OSE'-DEER, n.
The elk. See Elk.
mondk, fr. muna, the moon.]
One
of the twelve portions into which the Moot, v. t. [-ed;
-ing. [A.-S. moyear is divided.
(muntk), n.

v. i.
[-ed; -ing.]
[Cf. D.
to pout.]
To be very stuto be dull.
v. t.
To make
spiritless or stupid.
n.
dull,

moppen,

Mor'al-ist,

lunatic.

[Ar. mausim, a time,

periodical wind in the

Ilavingeyes
2. Purblind.

The

forded by the moon.

nated by the moon.

moon

mon, my, and

pid

Out of humor; peevish; angry.

Syn. Gloomy. Moody agrees with
gloomy in being an unhappy state, but
differs from itin expressing a wide range
of fitful emotions, such a.s discontent,

Monsieur (mo-seer' or mos-yur'), MOON'Y, a.

the moon.
n.; pi. messieurs (mes-secr').
Sir, or mister.
in contempt.

M5pe,

Quality of being

2.

Absence of variety, as in speaking or Moon'-stiiuck,

singing.

In a moody man[moody.

a. [-er: -est, 142.] [A.-S.

mudig.]
1. Indulging moods, or
varying and capricious frame of mind.

affected

a.
Uttered in one
continued with dull

n.

Mdbu'y,

Monotony.] MOON'-EVED

single unvaried tone or sound.

Mo-not'o-nous,

MooD'l-NESS,

MORE

278

only one case.

Mon'o-stich

Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

In a morbid or
diseased manner.
MOR-BIF'IC,
a.
[Lat. inorbtts.
MoR-BlF'I-AL, disease, and facere.
to make.] Tending to produce disease
Mor-BOSE', a. Unsound; unhealthy.
)

Morceau

(mor-so'), n.
[Fr.
Lat
morsvj:, a bite.]
bit a morsel.
;

Mor-DA'cioOs,

[Lat. mordax,
mordacis, fr. mordere, to bite.] 1.
Given to biting. 2. Sarcastic
se[quality.
vere,
Mor-dXc'I-TY, v. Biting or sarcastic
M6r'dant,o. [Fr., p. pr. of mordre,
2.
to bite.]
caustic.
1.
Biting
Serving to fix colors.
n. Any substance serving to give fixity to d\es.
More, v. Greater quantity, amount,
or number. a.,comp. [A.-S. warn.]
a.

adv.
Greater in any way superior.
1. In a greater quantity or degree;
2. In addition
further.
;

rather.

ERE, VEIL,

Tiir.J.IJ

CIQUE, FIRM

SON.

MOREEN
Mo-reen',

n.

stoutwoolen

[Cf.
stuff.

A Mor-tXl'I-TY,

Mohair.]

adv. Beyond what has

further also likewise.

Mo-RESQUE
Mum. a Moor.]
' (

-resk'

),

[Fr.

from

In a mortal
2. In the

n.

1.

[L&t. mortarium.]
in which

substances

are

pounded.

2.

Mortar,
short piece of ordnance, for throwing bombs, shells,
&c. 3. [Lat. mortarium.] A mixture of lime and sand with water,
used as a cement. _

MORT'GAGE

[Fr. mort-

(mor'gej), n.

At the point of

gage ; mort, dead, and gage, pledge.]

1.
A conveyance of property, on

An open helmet
without visor or beaver.
Mor'mon, n. One of a sect in the
United States, followers of one Joseph Smith, who claim to have found
an addition to the Bible, called the
Book of Mormon.
[Mormons.

condition, as security for the payment of a debt, and to become void

upon payment. 2. State of being
[-ED
nledged.
v. t.
-ing.]
1.
To grant or convey, as property, for
the security of a debt. 2. To

moriri,

death

to die.]

dying.

Mo'ri-on,

n.

[Fr.]

MORT'GA-GEE' (nior'ga-jee'), n One

to whom a mortgage is given.
MORT-GAGE-OR' (nior^ej-or'),
n.
Mor'MON-ITE, n. A Mormon.
One
M6r.\, n. [A.-S. morn, morgen.] 1. MORT'GA-GER (rnor'ga-jer),
who
conveys
property
conditionally
Morning. 2. Following day morrow.
as security fr r debt.
Morn'ING, n. 1. Early part of the

MOR'MON-'lSM,

Doctrine of the

n.

MoR'Tr-Fi-eA'TiON,

day. 2. First or early part.

a.
Pertaining to, or being in, the early
part of the day.

Morn'ING-GLO'RY,

2. That which mortifies.

t.
[-ED; -ING, 142.]
[Lat. mortificare ; mors, death, and
facere, to make.] 1. To destroy the
organic texture and vital functions
of.
2. To deaden by religious discipline, as the carnal affections
to
;

abase.
miliate.

v.i.
2.

vex, chagrin, or
1

To

To

sul-

hu-

lose vitality,

practice penance

from religious motives.

subdued.

3.

Sourness of tem-

n.
sullenness.

2.

Morn]

1.

adv.

In the greatest degree.

Most'ly, adv. For

the greatest part

in the main.
small parMote, n. [A.-S. mot.]
ticle a spot.
v. Old form of Musi.
Mo-TET', n. [It. mottetto, dim. of
motto, word, device.]
A musical
composition adapted to sacred words.
Moths. [A.-S.
(21), n. : pi.
modhdhe.] A lepidopterous insect of
[does cloth.
nocturnal habits.
Moth'-eat, v. t. To eat, as a moth
(niiith/er), n.
1.
[A.-S.
mudor.] A female parent esp. one
2. Source of
of the human race.
birth or origin. 3. [Allied to mud.]
thick, slimy substance in vinegar.
chiefly

Moth

Moth'ER

native nata. Received by birth

v.i.
To become concreted,
as the thick matter of liquors.
Moth'ek-hood, n. State of being
ural.

a mother.

Mother of
[mother.
of a
Per-

taining to, or becoming, a mother

tender parental.
being
Motherly,
Syn.
Maternal.
Saxon, is the more familiar word of the
two when both have the same meaning.
Besides this, maternal is confined to the
feelings of a mother toward her own
children whereas motherly (mother-like)
has a secondary sense, as in the expiession motherly care, &c, denoting a care
like that of a mother for her offspring.
;

Morning. MORT'U-A-Rt, a. [Lat. mortuarius;

mortuus, dead.] Belonging to buri3 The
als.
n.
A customary gift to the
to-morminister of a parish on the death of
[rus.
a
parishioner.
morsk.]
wal[Lapp,
The

See

Mor'ris, n.
MORT'MAIN, n. [Fr. mort,
[Fr. morrsque.]
1. A
Moorish dance, usually performed
morte, dead, and ?nai?i,
with castanets, by a single person. 2.
hand.] Possession of lands
A game played on a board by two
or tenemeuts in dead Mortise
persons, with nine pieces each.
hands, or hands that can and Tenon.
MoR'ROW, n. [0. Eng. morive, mornot alienate.
toening.

M6th'er-eess, a. Destitute
MOTfl'ER-LY (muth'er-ly), a.

vegetable alkaloid from opium.

(21),

most, allied

To be Moth'er-in-law', n.
one s husband or wife.

(mortis), . [Fr.
mortaise.] A cavity cut
to receive a tenon.
v. t
[-ed -TNG.] 1. To make
mortise
in.
2.
To
a
join
by a tenon and mortise.

MOR'PHI-A, In. [Gr. Mopc/>ev?, god

Mor'phine, j of dreams or sleep.]

To

Mor'tise

Mo-rose'ness,
:

3.

as flesh.

leu austerity.

per

Act of

mortified.

churlish; surly.

Mo-r6se'l,y, adv. Sourly; with

1.

mortifying, or the condition of being

n.

MOR'TI-FY.f.

climbing
plant, having funnel-shaped flowers.
Mo-RO'0, n. A fine kind of leather,
from goatskin, tanned with sumach
first prepared by the Moors.
Mo-rose', a. [Lat. morosus, fr. mos,
manner, habit ] Of a sour temper.
Syn. Sullen; gruff; severe; austere;
gloomy splenetic crabbed crusty
n.

small blood-sucking insect.

1.
[A.-S. meds, Icel
n.
to Lat. muscus.]
A
cryptogamous plant of a cellular
structure, with leaves and a distinct
2. [0. H. Ger. mos.]
A bog.
root.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] To cover with
[grown with moss.
moss.
Moss'i-ness, n. State of being overMoss'-troop'er, n. [From moss, a
bog, and trooper.] A marauder of
the border country between England
[with moss.
and Scotland.
Moss'Y, a. [-ER -est.] Overgrown
Most (20), a. ; superl. of More. [A.-S.
nicest.]
Consisting of the greatest
number or quantity greatest.
3fo.it
is used as a noun, the words
E@fpart, quantity, &c, being omitted.

Moss

A vessel

morgnnalira, a nioruiug gift, dowry

paid on the morning before or after
marriage.] Pertaining to a marriage
between a man of superior and a
woman of inferior rank, in which
neither the latter nor her children
can enjoy the rank or inherit the
possessions of her husband.

moribund us

1.

highest possible degree.

Mor'tar.

fly.]

adv.

manner; irrecoverably.

[Lat.

A Moham-

sajada, to bow, adore.]

human race.
Mor'tal-ly,

It.

a.

Quality of be-

1.

3.

species of ornamentation used b> tlie Moors to enaia e-que.

rich flat surfaces
JIOR'GA-NXT'ie, a. [>1<jiji L. Lat.

M^R'I-bDnd,

n.

destruction.
medan place of worship.
2. Death
Whole number of deaths in a Mos-QUI'TO (mus-kG'to) n. ; pi. MOSQUl'TOEg.
[Sp., from Lat. mu*ea,
given time or community. 4. The

ing mortal.

MORE-O'VER,

oeen said
Syn. Besides.

MOTION

279

The next following day.

Moth'er-of-peari/.
brilliant' lining

n.

Thehard,

of several kinds of

day following the present

row,

Morse,

n.

Morsel,

2.

ful.

Mo-sa'IG,

[Late Gr. fxovo-aiKov, fr.

u.
Mou'treios, belonging to the. Muses.]
Inlaid work of pieces of colored stone,
&c, to imitate painting. a. 1.
Yariegated
tessellated also, composed of various materials. 2. Pertaining to Moses.
Mos'eem, n [Ar., e- true believer,

See
Fr. morsel.
bite
a mouthsmall quantity
a frag-

n.

MORCEAU.]

[0.

1.

ment.
n. [Fr. mort, death.] A noteor
tune sounded at the death of game.
Mor'tal, a. [Lat. mortalis; mors,
2.
death.] 1. Subject to death.
Causing death. 3. Affecting as if
with power to kill extreme. 4. Human.
n.
A human being: man.

M6rt,

OR,

Dc^wqlFjTOO,

TO"Ol

fr. salama, to submit to God.]

orthodox Mohammedan.
Mosque (niosk), n. [Ar. masjid,

URN, rue, PULL

JS, I,

O, silent

An
fe.

shells

[mon

nacre.

MOTH'ER-wiT, n.
Motfi'yv*. [ ;er;

sense.

Native wit com-est, 142.] Fuli

y_f moths
eaten by moths.
MO'TION, n. [Lat motio,fv.movere,
motiun, to move.] 1. Act or process
;

of changing place.

moving:

gait.

3.

2.

Manner

of

Power of moving.

Movement of the mind, will, or

passions.
5. A proposition made in
i
a deliberative assembly.
v.
[-ed -ING.] 1. To make a significant movement or gesture. 2. To
offer a proposition.

4.

C,G,sq/*; <:,&, hard; As; EXIST;

NasNG; TH^S

.
;

MOTIONLESS

.;

MULCH

280

Mo'TION-LESS, a. Being at rest.

MoURN'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner
Mo'TlVE,a. [Lat. movere, motum, to
expressive of sorrow.
move.] Having power to move, or Mourn'ful-ness, n. Sorrow grief

mucus, slime.] 1. One of the proximate elements of vegetables. 2. An

aqueous solution of gum.
Mu'ci-lXg'i-nous, a. 1. Moist, soft,

n.
That which MOURN'ING, n. 1. Act of sorrowing
and slimy. 2. Pertaining to, or se2. Dress worn by mourners.
any thing moving
Mouse (150), n. [A.-S. mus, pi. mys,
creting, mucilage.
the will.
Skr. mvs/uka, fr. mush, to steal.] A Muck, n.
[A.-S. mix, meox.\ I.
Syn. Incentive inducement reason. Motive is the word ordinarily
well-known small quadruped.
Dupg in a moist state. 2. Decaying
used in speaking of that which deter- Mouse (91), v. i. [-ed
-ing.] To
vegetable matter.
3.
Something
mines the choice. We call it an inducecatch mice.
mean or filthy.
v. t.
lo manure
ment when it is attractive in its nature,
with muck.
leading us forward by an appeal to our Mous'ER, n. A cat that catches mice.

tendiug to move.
incites to action
;

We

natural desires for good.

reason when it is more immediately addressed to the intellect in the form of
cnll it a

argument.

Mo-Tiv'1-TY,

Power of producing

n.

n.

trap for catch-

ing mice.

Mous-TAfHE

See

,n.

motion.

Mot'ley,

a, [W. mudliiv, a changing color.] 1. Variegated in color;

dappled. 2. Heterogeneously made
up.

Mo'TOR,

n.
[Lnt., from movere, to
move.] A source or originator of
mechanical power, &c.
Mot'tle, r. ;. [-ed;-ing.] [From
motley. ] To mark with spots of dif-

ferent color.
[It.]
.; pi. MOT'TOES.
apposite sentence or phrase prean essay, poein, &c.

MOT'TO,

An

Muck'-worm (-wiirm), n. 1. A worm

that lives in muck. 2. A n.iser.
Mustache. MO'COUS, a. [Lat. mucosas.] Pertaining to, or like, mucus slimy.
Mouth, n.; pi. Mouths.
[A.-S.
niudh.] 1. Aperture between the lips, Mu'cro-nate,
a. [Lat. mucronaMouse'-trap,

fixed to

or the cavity within them. 2 Any

opening orifice aperture. 3. A principal speaker.
4. A
wry face; a
grimace.
MOUTH, v. l. [-ED: -ING.] 1. To
chew to devour. 2. To utter with
a voice affectedly big or swelling.
v. i.
To vociferate to rant.
Mouth-ful(155), n. As much as the
moutn contains at once.
M0UTH'-PlCE,n. 1. Piece of a wind
instrument to which the mouth is applied. 2. One who speaks for another.
Mov'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being
moved; susceptible of motion not
;

Mu'cro-na'ted,

spinous processes.
a.
[Lat. mvculentus.]
moist and viscous.

ly, or in short,

Mu'U-LENT,
Slimy

Mu'US,n.

with a mound.

fortify

MOUNT,

v. .[A.-S. mant, Lat. mons.]

mass of earth or rock, rising above
the surrounding land
a mountain.
[-ed;-ing.] 1. Toriseon
v. i.
high; to go up. 2. To get on horseback. 3. To amount.
v. t. 1. To

upon to ascend to climb. 2.

To put on horseback. 3. To put on
any thing that sustains and fits for
get

use

also, to prepare for

Mount'aIn (42), n. [Lat.
:

tis.]

large

being worn

mons,mon-

mass of earth and rock,

rising above the

Pertaining to a

common

level.

mountain

a.

vast

An

n.

inhabitant

of a mountain.

[tains.

Mount'a'in-ous,

Mount'e-bank,

Full of

.
n.

[It.

moun-

montimban-

montare, to mount,

on,
and banco, bench.] 1. An itinerant
quack-doctor. 2. Any boastful and
false pretender
a charlatan.
Mount'ing, n. 1. Act of preparing
for use, or embellishing. 2. That by
;

in,

in,

which any thing

or set

off;

Mourn,

is prepared for use,

embellishment.

[-ed;

[A.-S.
-ing.]
murnan.] To express grief or sorrow.
v. t.
1. To grieve for. 2. To
utter in a sorrowful manner.
v.

i.

Syn.

To

lament

bewail

deplore.

MOURN'ER, n. One who mourns.

Mourn'ful, a. 1. Full of sorrow
Syn.

Sorrowful

sad doleful
;

tive; grievous; calamitous.

E, J

ing

a movement.

Move'ment,

n.
1. Act of moving
of place. 2. Mental action

change

emotion.

Manner

3.

of moving.

4.

That which imparts motion.

Mov'ing, p. a. 1. Changing place or
posture causing motion. 2. Touch-

'>,

ing

pathetic.

Mow(mou),

[A.-S.muwa.] A pile
of hay in a barn.
v. t. To pile and
n.

stow away in a barn.

Mow(m5),

[-ed; -ed or -N
v. t.
-ING.] [A.-S. mawan.]
1. To cut
with a scythe. 2. To cut the grass
from. 3. To cut down indiscriminately.
v.i.
To cut grass.

soft, woolly substance burnt on

the skin to produce an ulcer.

Much,

[more

most.] [0. Eng.

See
mucel, mycel.
Great in quantity Jong
induration, abundant.
1. A
n.
great quantity. 2. A thing uncommon or wonderful.
1. To a
adv.
great degree greatly. 2. Often, or
a.

moche,

A.-S.

MlCKLE.]

afflic-

long.

Mu'CID,

[-er; -est, 142.] "[From

1. Be.'mearcd with mud.
2.
Containing, or consisting of, mud.
3. Dull; stupid, v. t. [-ed
-ing.]
To Ol with mud to dirty.
MOd'-sill, n. Lowest rill of a structure, usually imbedded in the soil.
a.

Mu-ez'zin,

n. [Ar., from azzana, to

inform.] A Mohan. medan crier of

the hour of prayer.
Muff, n. [Icel. mvffa.] A warm
cover for receiving the hands.
Muf'fin, n. [From Fug. muff.] A
light, spongy cake.
Muf'fle, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Prov.
Ger. muffeln, fr. muff, muff.] 1. To
wrap up in something that conceals.
2. To wrap with something
that
dulls or renders sound inaudible.
n.
[L. Lat. muff'ula, muff, fr. the
resemblance of its form.] A vessel
for purifying gold and silver.
Muf'fler, n. A wrapper for the face,
head, or neck.

Muf'tY

(147), n.

An

[Ar.]

official

expounder of Mohammedan law

in

Turkey.

mugga,

A kind of cup.

[Ir.

mvgan.]

a.

[-ER; -est, 142.] [Icel.

Moist or damp and

mist.]

close.

MU-LAT'TO, n.;

pi.

MU-LA"T'TOEffc

[Sp. mulato, from Lat. mulus, mule.

Offspring of a negress by a whiteman,
or of a white woman by a negro.

MfJL'BER-RY, n. [A -&.mur,murberie, from Lat. morvm, mulberry.]

Berry or fruit of a tree

also, the tree

itself.

a.

[Lat. mucidus.]

Musty

slimy.

Mu'Cl-LAGE,

U, Y,long; Aji^jfjOjUjY/sAGr*;

vise id fluid se-

Movv'er (mo'er), n. One who mows. MfJG,n.

M6x'A,n. [Prob. an oriental word.] MUG'GY,

expressing, or intended to express,

sorrow. 2. Causing sorrow.

A.,

huge.

Mount'ain-eer',

co

[Lat. movere.] 1. To alter the position of; to set in motion. 2. To affect,

as the mind, will, or passions. 3. To
excite to tenderness or compassion.
4. To offer publicly for consideration
and determination.
1. To
v. i.
change place to go, in any manner.
2. To change residence.
3. To bring
forward a motion.
n. Act of mov-

[Lat.]

creted by the mucous membrane.

n. [L. Ger. mudde.] Faith wet,
soft, and adhesive.
v. t.
To make
foul with dirt
to muddy.
[mr.
Mud'di-ly, adv.
In a muddy m;.nMDd'di-ness, v. Condition or quality of being muddy.
MOd'dle, n. A state of being turbid
hence, intellectual dullness.
v. t. [-ED -ING.]
1. To make turbid, or muddy.
2. To stupefy.

MUD,

MOULD, Mould'ek, Mould'y, &c.

See Mold, Molder, Moldy, &c.
fixed.
2.
Changing from one time
Moult, v. & n. See Molt.
to another. n. An article of goods
MOUND, n. [A.-S. mund, protection.]
generally, in the pi., goods wares.
Mud'dy,
An artificial hill a raised bank a MpvE
(nnJov), v. t.
mud.]
[-ed; -ING.]
rampart, v. t.
-ED; -ING.] To
;

mvcro, a
Terminating abrupt-

sharp point.]

tus, fr.

n.

[Lat. muccilago , fr.

Mulch

to mull.]
Half-rotten straw, &c, strown over
the roots of plants to protect from
(66), n.

[Allied

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM PIQUE, FIRM; SOJ^
j

MULCT
v. t.
[-ed;
heat or cold.
To protect with mulch.
[Lat. mulcta.] A
n.
v. t.
pecuuiary penalty.
-ING.] To punish by a fine

Mulct,

1.

2.

MuL'Tr-PLlc'l-TY,?!.

Mul'ti-pli'er,

[-ED;

to fine.
[Lat. tnidus, A.-S. mill.]
quadruped of a mongrel breed.
n.

A
A plant

of a mongrel kind

brid,

a hy[mules.
;

MC'le-teer', ii. One who drives

Mul'ish, a. Like a mule; sullen.

Mull,

[Either
[-ed; -ing.
v. t.
from Lat. mollire, to soften, or from
J

W.

mwll, warm, or allied to Goth.

milith, honey.] 1. To heat, sweeten,
and enrich with spices. 2. To dispirn.
[Perh. contr. fr.
it or deaden.
mossul, muslin.]
A thin, soft kind

MOl/len,
in roads,

n.

[Fr.
soft.]

moUne,

mo/,
plaut growing
fr.

&c.

MHll'ER,

n.

[Cf.

Lat. m.olere, to

stone to grind pigments.

M&l'let, n. [Lat. mullus.] A fish
which roots in the sand like a hog.
Mull'JOX, n. [Perh: fr. Fr. mouler,
to mold.] A slender bar between the
lights of windows, screens, &c.
grind.]

Mult-an'gu-lar, a. [Lat. multus,

many, and angulus, angle.] Having

many

angles; polygonal.

Mul'ti-fa'ri-ous.

[Lat. multifa-

a.

rius; multus, much, many.] Having

multiplicity
of various kinds.
MUL/TI-FA'RI-OUS-LY, adv.
With
great multiplicity and diversity.
MDl'ti-fold, a. [Lat multus, many,
and Eng. fold.] Manifold.
;

MfJL'Tl-FORM,

[Lat. multiformis

a.

Syn.

[-ED; -ING,
(54), V. t.
142.] [Lat. multiplex ; multus, much,
and plicare, to fold.] 1. To increase
in number.
2. To add to itself any

given number as many times as there

are units in any other given number.

To become numerous.

i.

MOl'ti-tude

[Lat. multitu(53), n.
1 State
de) ; multus, much, many.]
of being many. 2. A great number
of individuals.

MDl'ti-tu'di-na-ry,
Mul'ti-tu'di-nous,
titude

Consist-

a.

ingofainul-

manifold.

A mollusk

n.

which

has a shell of many valves.

Mul'ti-valve,
la. [La.t.mul-

many valves.
Mum, a. [Cf. Mumble.]

lo'/uens, speaking.]

Use of many words.

Mul-tip'a-rous, a.
[Lat. multus,
much, many, and jiarere, to bear.]
Producing

many

Silent

interj. Be silent hush.

[From Chr. Mumme, who first
brewed it.] A sort of strong beer.

speaking.

n.

MUM'BLE,
[D.

v.

or

i.

[-ed; -ING.]

t.

mompelen,
mnmmelen.
1. To speak with the

MUMP.]

closed; to mutter.
the lips closed.

Mum'bler,

2.

To

Cf.
lips

eat with

One who mumbles.

n.

MUMM,

V. t.
[-ed; -ING.] [N. II.
Ger. mummen.] To sport in a mask
or disguise to mask.
MtJM'MER, n. A masker; a buffoon.
;

MlJM'MER-Y,

n. 1. Masking; diverbuffoonery. 2. Farcical show.

/
M[-FI-A'TlON, n. Act of making into a mummy.
;

MuM

MUM'MI-FY,

V.

t.

[-ED; -ING, 142.]

mummy, and

MUL-TIP'AR-TITE, a. [Lat. midtipartitus ; multus, much, many and par,

titus, divided.]

To embalm

to take into the mouth.] 1.

To nibble. 2. To talk imperfectly.
Mump'er, n.
beggar.
Mjmp'isii, a. Dull; sullen; sour.

[Prov. Eng. mump, to

A peculiar inflammation
of the parotid glands.
ii.pl.

be sulky.]
v.

manger,

parts.

t.

to eat.]

OR, do,

munimenium;
1. A place or
A record title;

deeds,

Mu-n'i'tion (-nish'un), n. [Lat. m>

nitio ; munire, to fortify.]
Mateii
als used in war
military stores.
Mu'RAL, a.
[Lat. muralis ; murus,
;

wall]

Pertaining to a wall.

MOr'DER,

[A.-S. mordhvr, allied

n.
to Lat. mors, death.]
Act of killing
a human being with malice aforethought.
t.
[-ED:
-ING.] 1.
v.
To kill with premeditated malice. 2.
To put an end to.
fder.

Mur'der-ER,

One

guilty of

mur-

A woman who

com-

n.

n.

der.

2.

Premeditating murder.
adv. In a mur-

Mur'der-ous-LY,
derous manner.

MU'RI-ATE,

,t.
[From Lat. murin.]
formed by the union of
muriatic acid with a base.
Mu / RI-AT'I, a. Pertaining to, or obtained from, sea-salt.
Murk'y, a. [-ER: -est, 142.] [A.-S.
myrc] Dark obscure gloomy.
MUR'MUR, n. [Lat.] 1. A low, confused, and indistinct sound.
2. A
half-suppressed complaint.
v. i.
[-Ed; -ing.]
1. To make a low,
continued noise, like the hum of
bees, or a stream of water.
2. To
utter complaints in a low, half-articulated voice to grumble.

A compound

wolf, too, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

kat,

nutmeg,

musk,misk, musk.]

fr.

spicy grape, or a wine

fragrant pear.
[Lat. musculus,
dim. of mus, a mouse.] 1. A fleshy
organ of motion in animal bodies. 2.
1.

rich,

made from it 2. A
MOs'cle (nitis'sl), n.

bivalvular shell -fish.

Mus'co-VA'DO,

a.

mascabar. to

fr.

les

[Sp. mascabado,
en, impair.] Re-

opening the mouth.

[L. Lat. multiplus.]
containing another a cer- MtJN'DANE a.
[Lat. mundanus ; fr.
mundus, the world.] Belonging to
tain number of times without a rethe world worldly.
mainder. _
Mul'ti-plua-ble,
a.
Capable of MUN'DI-FI-CA'TION, n. [Lat. mundiMOL'Tl-PLI-A-BLE,
being multiJicare, to make clean.] Act of cleansing from dross, &c.
plied.
A fibrous material obMul'ti-pligXnd', n.
[Lat. multi- Mun'GO, n.
tained by deviling fine woolen rags.
plicandus, to be multiplied.]
The
number to be multiplied by another. Mu-n'ic'i-pal, a. [Lat municipals;
municipium, a free town.]
MUL'TI-PLI-eATE, or MUL-TIP'LI1. Pertaining to a corporation or city. 2.
e ATE a. Consisting of many mulPertaining to a state, kiugdom,or
tifold.
nation.
MOl'ti-PLI-OA'tion, n. Act of mul[district.
Mu-NKVl-pXr/I-TY, n.
tiplying increasing number.
A municipal
MOL'TI-PLI-OA'TOR, n. The number Mu-nif'i-ceisce, n. Quality of being
munificent great liberality.
by which another is multiplied.

A quantity

2.

-ing]
[Fr.
lating to unrefined or raw sugar.
To chew without Mus'U-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a

[-ed

MuL'Tl-PLE, n

fortify.]

means of defense.

Lat. facere, to
as a mummy.

mumpa,

many Munch,

Divided into

munire, to

Mur'mur-er, ii. One who murmurs.

Mur'raIn (42), n. [Lat. mori, to die.]
MUM'MY, n. [Per. mtimiya, fr. mtim,
An infectious disease among cattle.
mCm, wax.] A dead body embalmed Mus'ga-dine (or -dm), n. [Ar. mus[Eng.

make.]

Mumps,

at a birth.

bounteous; boungenerous.

n. [Lat.

MUR'DER-Ofis, a. 1. Guilty of, connot

sisting in, or accompanied with, mur-

much, many, and latus,lateris, side.]

Having many sides.
and dried, or otherwise preserved.
[-ED; -ING.]
MUL-TIL'O-QUENOE, v. [h:lt. mu'.tus, MUMP, v. t.
[Icel.
much, many, and

Beneficent;

tiful; liberal;

MU'Nl-MENT,

Mul'TI-vXlv'U-LAR, J
tus, much, Mur'der-ess,
many, and valva, valve.] Having
mits murder

sion

multus, much, many, and^/brma,

shape.] Having many forms, shapes,
or appearances.
Mul'ti-form'i-ty, n. Diversity of
forms or appearances.
MlJL'TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [Lat. multus,

MU-NIF'I-CENT, a. [Lat. munificus

munus, gift, and facere, to make.]
Very liberal in giving or bestowiug.

which, multiplies.

MUL'TI-PLY

Mul'TI-valve,

of muslin.

Mur/LEiv,

A state of being
multiple, manifold, or various.
n.
One who, or that

-ing.]
fine; a

Mule,

MUSEUM

281

o, silent

muscle, or constituting a muscle or

muscles.
2.
Well furnished with
muscles; brawny; powerful.
Mtfs'eu-LXR'I-TY, n. Stato of being
muscular.
Muse, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [0. II. Ger.
mozon, muozon, to be idle.] 1. To
think closely, or in silence. 2 To
be absent-minded.
Syx. To ponder; consider; medi;

tate;

ruminate.

t.
To think on; to meditate
n.
1. Deep thought; hence,
sometimes, absence of mind. 2. [Gr
One of the nine goddesses
imoOo-a.]
who presided over the liberal arts.

v.

on.

MU-se"DM (124),

C, G, soft; O, G, hard,

ii.

[Lat.

AS j EJIST:

museum,

Gr.

Ecwng; THIS

MUSH
fiovtrelov,

MYSTERIOUS

282

temple of the Muses.] A colworks of art.

New wine
fresh.]
v. i.
[Cf. MOIST.]

muos muas,

and sour.
MDs-TACHE^-tash')

lection of curiosities, or
[0. II. Ger.

Mush,//.

pap.] Indian meal boiled in water.

n.
[Fr. mousseron, fr.
mousse, moss, because it grows in
it.] 1. One of a large class of cry ptogamic plants, esp. such species as
2. An upstart.
are used as food
5u'SI, n. [Gr. /uovo-i/crj, (sc. rex^),
any art over which the Muses pre-

Mush'room,

E.

[Gr. (jLvaTaj-,

unfermented.

tary and naval service.

MDT'TER,f. i. ort. [-ED, -ing.] [Lat.
pi. mus-tXch'muttire.]
To speak low and indisupper lip.] That
tinctly
to grumble
to murmur.
;

part of the beard growing on

upper

the

[prairies.

lip.

Mus'TANG;
Mus'tard,

n.
n.

'

"Producing music. 3. Pleasing to

melodious harmonious.

the ear

lawful authority, especially in mill

lo grow muidy

The wild horse of the

[b'rom Lat. mustum,
must, because mixed with it] A
plant and its pungent seeds.
Mus-tee', n. [<Jf Mestizo.] Child
1. A succession
sided, esp. music. J
of a white person and a quadroon.
of sounds so modulated as to please
[-EDJ-1MG.] [Lat.
2. Science of harmonical MOs'TER, V. t.
the ear.
monstrare, to show.] 1. To assemsounds. 3. Art of combining sounds
ble for parade, inspection, &c. 2.
in a manner to please the ear.
To get together.
V. i.
To come toM0'si-AL, a. 1. Relating to music.
2.

gether as parts of a force or body.

n. 1. An assembling of troops.

2.

MUT'TON

(mut'tn), n.

[Fr.

moutov,

Lat. mutilus, mutilated.] Fle&h

of sheep, raw or dressed.
MDt'ton-chop, v. A rib of mutton
for broiling, having the bone chopped
at the small end.
Mut'u-al, a. [Lat. mutuus, fr. mutare, to change ]
Reciprocally acting, related, or given and received.
Syn.
Reeipiocal
common. Common is applied to that which belongs
alike, or vn common, to the parties concerned: as, our common country, a common friend. Mutual implies an interchange of the thing spoken of between
the parties: as, ?;(W/f/f'iiendship. Hence,
to speak of " a mutual friend " (as if a
friend eould be interchanged), is a gross
error; while it is proper to speak of having a mutual desire to promote the interests of a common friend.
fr.

Assemblage and display gathering.

lu a musical
Mu'si-AL-LY, ado.
[in music. MOs'TER-ROLL, n.
A register of
manner.
troops.
[musty.
Mu-sJ'cian (-zish'an), n. One skilled
Musk, n. [Ar. musk, misk, fr. Skr. Must'i-ness, v. Quality of beintr
mushka, testicle.] A strong-scented Must'y, a.
[-ER; -EST, 142.] 1.
Moldy sour fetid. 2. Spoiled by MUT'u-AL'I-TY.n. Reciprocation
substance from a bag behind the na;

vel of a kind of deer.

[L. Lat. musc/uta, musn.
chetta.]
A kind of fire-arm.
Mus'ket-eer', n.
A soldier armed

Mus'ket,

with a musket.
n.

A short musket.
Muskets in general

or collectively.

[musky.

Mus'icet-oon',

Mus'KET-RY,
Musk'i-ness,

n.

n.

Quality of being
A species of meln.

MDsk'-mel'on,
on of a musky fragrance.
Musk'-ox, n. A

Mu'TA-BLE,

changiug.

a.

Quality of be-

Change

2.

alteration.

[Lat. minus.]

Uttering

1.

having a strong, musky smell.

a. Having the odor of musk

Musk'y,

[From Mossoul, where

it

first manufactured.] A thin cotton cloth of any kind; especially, a

kind of cotton gauze.

was

Muslin de laihe [Fr. rvousseline de laiue,

woolen muslin], a woolen fabric of light

texture, also, a fabric of cotton

and wool.

n.

One who

silent or speechless, from whatever cause specifically, a dumb attendant of a seraglio.

3. An element
2.
silent letter.
of speech formed by a complete clos1.

is

ure of the mouth-organs

v.

mu-

projecting

worked under
Mutule.
the corona of the Doiic
cornice, in the same situation as the

Muz'ZLE, n
Mouth and

[L. Lat. muselius.]

1.
nose of an animaJL 2.
of a thing. 3. A fasltting
for the mouth to stop biting.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To bind the mouth of
sous to prevent biting or eating.

Mouth

asp,

b, t.

To

eject the
contents of the bowels, as birds.
i.

[Fr. mittir.]

MY

[See

a.

(35),

Mine.]

Belonging

to me.

Mynheer',

Syn.
Silent: dumb.
One is sdent
Vfhodocs not speak; one is dumb who can
not.for want of the proper organs, as a
child born dumb, a dumb beast, &c.; one
is mute who is In/ld back from speaking
by some special cause, as, he was mute
through fear, mute astonishment, &c.

in;
[ner.

inan-

complete closure of the mouth-or-

Musk-ox.

[Lat.

n.

tulus ]
block,

mutual

modillion of the Corinthian order.

n.

no sound. 2. Incapable of speaking.

3. Unpronounced also, produced by

animal,

fragrant.
Mus'lin, n.

ing mutable; mutability.

Mu-TA'TION, n. 1. Act or process of

gans.

allied to the beaver, but about

the size of a cat,

mu- Mut'ule,

Mu'ta-ble-ness,

rodent

irresolute; fickle.

Mute,

n.

[Lat. mutabilis

a.

terchange,

Mut'u-al-ly, adv. In

Changeableness

tare, to change.]
1.
Subject to
change. 2. Inconstant.
unSyn. Changeable
unstable
unsettled wavering variable
steady

bovine ruminant
the
inhabiting
about
country
Hudson's Bay.

Musk'-rXt,

[inconstancy.

age.

Mu/TA-BIL'I-TY, n.

ter.]

Sir

Mr.

my

lord or masamong the Dutch

[D.,

n.

hence, a Dutchman.
My-ol'o-gy, v. [Gr. pG<r, muscle,
and Aoyos, discourse.] A description
of the muscles.

My'ope,

n. [Gr. pv<i/>

the eyes.]

pvW, to

shut

short-sighted person.

My'o-PY,

n.
Short-sightedness.
M\'R'I-AD, n. [Gr. /uvpids, /avpidSos,
fr. /uvpios, numberless.]
1. Number

of ten thousand.
2. An immense
number.
Myr'i-a-pod, n.
[Gr. p.vpioi, ten
thousand, and novs, iroSos. foot.]

Without uttering
An air-breathing, verr brni aniMus'QUASH, n. [Indian.] Same as MUTE'LY, adv.
[ing silence.
words or sounds.
iupI, having many jointed legs.
[quito.
Musk-rat.
See Mos- MfJTE'NESS, n. Forbearance of speak- M YR'I-O-RA'MA or MYR'I-O-RA'ATA.
MUS-QUJ'TO (-kS'to), n.
n.
[Gr. pvpios, numberless, and
MGs'ROLE, n. [Fr. muserolle, from Mu'TJ-LATE,r. t. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
mutilus,
mutilare,
-latum, from
A picture made up
cp<x/u.a, a sight.]
museau, a muzzle.] The nose-band
maimed.] 1. To cut off a limb or esof several smaller pictures, which
of a bridle.
to maim to cripple.
admit of very many combinations.
sential ptrtof
Muss, n. [0. Fr. mousche.] A conMyr'MI-DON (moV-), . [Gr. Mvp/txi2. To deform in any way.
fused struggle.
A soldier of a rough or
SoVes, pi-]
Mus'sel, n. [Written also muscle.] Mu'Ti-LA'TroN, n. Act of mutilating,
desperate character.
or state of beinc; mutilated.
A mariue bivalve shell-fish.
Mjs'sul-man (150), n. [Ar. mos- Mii'Tl-LA'TOR, n. One who mutilates. Myrrh (nur), n. [Lat. myrrha, Heb.
mor, fr. mar, bitter.] A transparent
le&mna, pi. of moslem, muslim. See MUTI-NEER', n. One guilty of mu[turbulent.
tiny,
aromatic gum-resin.
Moslem.] A follower of MohamMu'T i-nous, a. Disposed to mutiny Myr'tle (mor'tl), n. [Gr. ixvpros.
med a Moslem.
fr. Per. murd.]
A genus of plants
Mos'SUL-Man'ish, a. Mohammedan. MO'Tl-NY, n. [From L. Lat. moviia,
Insurrection
of several species.
[emphasis.
Must, v. i. or auxiliary. [0. Sax.
fr. movere, to move.]
used for
mCste.] 1. To be obliged. 2. To be
against constituted authority, esp. My-SELE', pron. I or me
Difficult or imnecessary or essential.
n.
[Lat.
military or naval authority.
v. i. Mys-te'RI-OCS, a.
possible to understand.
[-ed; -ing, 142.] To rise against
mustum (sc vinum); mustus, new,
:

A,

E,

I,

O.U, X,long; A ii,I,6,U,Y,5/iOrt; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

3

WHAT; ERE, VEIL

'XEltMj

PIQUE, FIRM

SON.

.;
-

MYSTERIOUSLY
Mys-TE'ri-OUS-LY, adv.

[Gr. fj.vcmjpi.ov, from

1.
fivetv, to shut the eyes.]
profound secret that which is beyond
n.

human

comprehension until ex2. A trade

any mechan3. A kind of rude
religious drama.
[ticism.
Mvs'Tie, n. One who holds to mysMvs'Tl,
)a. [See supra.] 1. ReMvs'tI-al,
mote from human
comprehension obscure. 2. Involvplained.

occupation.

ical

ing some secret meaning

With a

manner.

terious

MYS'TER-Y,

NASTINESS

283

In a mys- MYS'TH3-AL-LY,ad.

allegorical.

secret

meaning.

Mys'ti-cIsm,

n. 1. Obscurity of doc-

Doctrine of the Mystics,

who maintain that they have direct
intercourse with the divine Spirit.
Mys'ti-fi-ga'tion, n.
Act of involving in mystery.
Mys'ti-fy, v. t. [-ed; -ing, 142.]
trine.

[Gr.

2.

and
To involve

/u.u<mjs,

make.]

Lat. facere,
in mystery

to
to

perplex purposely.

Myth,

n.

MYTH'ie,
MvTH'ie-AL,

Relating to myths;
) a.
described in a myth;
of the nature of a myth fabulous
;

MYTH'O-LOG're,
Myth'o-l,6g'I-AL

[Gr. /uv0os.]

fabulous

la.

Relating to

mythology

fabulous.

My-thol/o-GIST,

One versed

n.

in

mythology.

MY-THOL/O-GY,

[Gr. ^vOokoyia;
n.
and Aoyos, discourse.]
science that treats of myths

fj-vOos, fable,

The

1.

statement or narrative.

imaginary

on myths,
body of myths.

treatise

ive

A collect

2.

N.
^T (en)

is the fourteenth letter of the

and the
English alphabet,
eleventh consonant. See Prin. of
Pron., 81-83.
NAB, v. t. [-bed; -BING.] [Ger.
hnapp'-n.]
To catch suddenly.
NA'BOB, n. [Hind, nawwab, fr. Ar.
naba, to take one's turn.] 1. A deputy or viceroy in India. 2. A very
rich man.
Na'RE (na'ker), n. [Sp. nacar, fr.
Mother-ofAr. naklr, hollowed.]

J^|

[nacre.

pearl,

Na'RE-OUS,
NA'DIR, n.

Consisting of, or like,

nadir, opposite.]
That point of the heavens directly
opposite to the zenith.
Nag, n. [D. negge, allied to A.-S.
hnsegan, to neigh.]
A pony any
horse.
NA'IAD'Cnl'yad), n. [Gr. vat'ds, fr. vdeiv, to how.]
A female deity, fabled
to preside over rivers and springs.
a.

[Ar.

[A.-S. ndgel.] 1. Horn v scale

at the end of the fingers and toes.
2. Claw or talon of a bird, &c.
3
metal pin to fasten boards, &c. 4.

NAIL,

n.

Two

tion ; epithet.
Name is generic, denoting that combination of sounds or letters

by which a person or thing is known

and distinguished. Appellation denotes,
properly, a descriptive term, used by way
of marking some individual peculiarity

An aromatic plant, or an unguent

prepared from the plant.
Nar-kate',

Nar'rate,

or

[-ED; -ING.]

v.

t.

[Lat. narrare, narra-

To tell, reheai'se, or recite.

or characteristic; as, Charles the Bold. Nar-ra'tion,
1. Act of relating
A title is a term employed to point out the pax ticulax-sn.of an
event recital
one's rank, office, &c: as, the Duke of
rehearsal.
2. That which is related.
Bedford. D&nomination is to particular
bodies what appellation is to individ- NAR'RA-TlVE,a.
1. Giving a partictum.]

uals; thus, the church of Christ is divided into different denominations, as,
Episcopalians, Presbyterians, &c.

v.t.

[-EDj-lXG.] 1. To give an
appellation to.
2. To mention by
name. 3. To designate.
Syx.
To denominate; style; term.

Na.:me'less, a. Without a name.

Name'ly, ado. To wit that i to say.
Name 'sake, n. One that has the
same name as another.
;

Nan-keen',

n. [Originally manufactured at Nankin.]

species of stout
yellowish cotton cloth.

ular account.
stox-ies.

n.

2.

Inclined to relate

The x-ecital of a story.

One who narrates.

Nar-ra'TOR,

n.

NAR'ROW,

[-ER; -EST.]
a.
[A.-S.
nearu, nearo.] 1. Of little breadth.
Of little extent circumscribed.
3. Contracted in mind, disposition,

2.

views, feelings, &c.

4. Within a
small distance near; hence, involving serious exposure.
v. t.
[-ED
-ING.] 1. To lessen the breadth of.

To make less libex-al to limit.

v. i. _To become less broad.
Nar'row-ly, adv.
With little
2.

[-ped
breadth closely carefully barely
-ping.]
[A.-S.
hnappian.] To have a short sleep
merely.
[mean-spirited.
to doze.
n. [A.-S. hnoppa.] Wool- Nar'row-mino'ed, a.
Illiberal

Nap,

v.

i.

Nar'row-ness,

ly surface, as of felt, &c.

Quality of being

n.

[Cf. A.-S. cn'dp, a top.]

narrow; penuriousness illiberality
and a quarter.
v. t. Nape, n.
1. To fasten with a
Rack part of the neck.
Nar'rows,)!./;/. A narrow passage
nail or nails.
2. To fix; to catch.
Naph'tha (nap'tha or naf'tha), n.
through a mountain, or a narrow
NXll/ER-Y, n A manufactory where
[Syr. naphtha, Ar. nqflii, fr. nafachannel between one body of water
nails are made.
tha^ to boil.] A volatile, bituminous
and another a strait.

inches

[-ED; -1NG.]

Naive

[Fr. naif, naive,

(na/3v'), a.
Lat. nativus, natural.] Having
native or unaffected simplicity ingenuous,
[tive simplicity.
fr.

Naivete
NA'KED

(na/Sv'ta'), n.
a.
[A.-S.

(60),

[Fr.]

Na-

naced.]

1.

liquid, very' inflammable, occurring

in nature rock-oil.
Nap'kin, n. [Dim. of Fr. nappe, a
table-cloth, fr. Lat. mappa, napkin.]
A cloth for wiping the mouth.
Nap'pi-ness, n.
Quality of being
;

Having no clothes on uncovered

nappy.
bare nude.
2. Open to view.
3. Nap'py, a.
Without addition, exaggeration, exto sleep
;

[From nap.]

cuses,

&c.

unaided.

Destitute,

4.

sleepy.

cause sleepiness. 3.
NAR-eoT-'l-e,
\a.

2.

Inclined

1.

Tending to

Dowuy

shaggy.

[Gr. vapKutTL5. Mere

simple.
Na'iced-ly, ado. In a naked man- NAK-OT're-AI,,
kos, fr. vapKOVV,
Producing
ner barely.
benumb.]
1.
sleep. 2.
to
[naked.
Na'ked-ness, n. Condition of being
Producing stupor and convulsions.
Ka.YI'BY-PAM'BY, a. [From Ambrose NAR-OT'IC, n. A medicine which
Phillips, an English poet.]
relieves pain, and produces sleep,
Weakly
and affectedlv sentimental.
and sometimes stupor, or even death.
Name,h. [A.-S. noma.] 1 Title by Nar'0-tine, n. An alkaloid obwhich any person or thing is known.
tained from opium.
:

2.

Reputation exalted reputation.

Syn. Appellation; title; denomina;

OR, do,

wqlf, too, TOOK

fJRN,

NARD,
fr.

n. [Gr. vapSos, fr. Skr. nalada,

nala, perfume, and da, giving.

RUE, pi;ll

JS,l, o, silent

9, G, so/*;

Nar'wal,
Nar'whal,

n.

[Icel.

j^s.

-^p*^-

nahvalr, fr. Icel.

* arwhal.
h valr, Eng. whale,
and Icel, nor, net, corpse, on account
of its whitish skin.]
A cetaceous
mammal.
The male has a long,
twisted tusk, projecting from the
upper jaw.
Na'sal, a. [Lat. nasus, the nose.]
Pertaining to, or spoken through,
the nose.
n. An elementax-y sound
uttex-ed through the nose, or through
both the xiose and mouth.
Na-sae'i-ty. n. State or quality of
being nasal.
Nas'^ENT, a. [Lat. nascens.] Beginning to exist or to grow.
Nas'ti-ly, adv. Filthily dirtily.
Nas'ti-ness, n.
Quality of being
nasty extreme filthiness obscenity,

,G,hard; Agj exist;

nqsng; this

NASTURTIUM
Nas-tur'tium,

NEBULA

284

Denial of a supernatural
agency in the miracles and revelaNas'ty, a. [-ER -EST, 142.] [Prob.
tions of God.
allied to Ger. nasz, Met.]
1. Offen- Nat'u-ral-Ist, n.
One who studies
sively filthy.
2.
natural history or physics.
Indecent; indeliNat'U-ral.-1-zA'tion, n.
Investcate obscene.
ment of an alien with the rights and
Wet; filthy; foul; dirty .Any
Syn.
privileges
of
a,
citizen.
thing nasty is wet or damp, and disgusts
by its stickiness or odor. Not so with Nat'u-ral-ize, t\ t. [-ed; -ING.]
filthy and foul, which imply only that a
1. To make natural or easy and fathing is filled or covered with offensive
2. To confer the rights and
miliar.
matter, ns filthy clothing, foul vapors,
privileges of a citizen on.
3. To ac&c. The English have a peculiar use of
this word, calling a rain in fine drops a
custom to habituate.
nasty rain, a day of such rain a nasty NXt'U-RAL-LY, adv. 1. According to
day, a sky which portends it a najy sky,
nature. 2. Without art or affectathus retaining the original sense of wet
n.

[Lat.]
of plants, with yellow flowers.

genus

nature.

2.

Na'tal, a.
one

from natus,
be born.] Relating

[Lat. natalis,

p. p. of nasci, to

birth.
Na'TANT, a. [Lat. nutans,
to

swimming.]

Floating ou the surface of water, as

the leaf of an aquatic plant.
a.
[Lat. natatcrius
natare, to swim.] Enabling to swim.
Na'tion, n. [Lat. natio.] A body of
people under the same government,
and generally of the same origin and
language.
Syn.
See People.
Na'tion-al (nasb/un-), a. 1. Pertaining to a nation public general.
2. Attached to one's own country.
Na'tion-al-ism (nash/un-), a. State
of being national.
Na'TION-al/1-TY (nash'un-), n.
1.
2. NaQuality of being national.
tional character. 3. A race or people
a nation.
Na'tion-al-Ize (nash'un-), v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To make national.
NA'TION-AL-LY (nash'un-), adv. In
a national manner.
Na'TIVE, a. [Lat. nativus ; nasci, na1. Pertaining to
tus, to be born.]
one s birth. 2. Lorn with one indigenous. 3. Produced by nature un-

NA'TA-TO RY,

artificial.

Natural

Syn.

natal.

Natural re-

nature of a thing; native to

one's hirth or origin, as a native country, language, &c; natal to the circumEtances of one's birth, as a natal day or
Native* talent is that which is instar.
horn natural talent is that which springs
from the structure of the mind.
fers to the

n One born in a place or country.

NA-TIV'I-TY, n. 1. Birth. 2. Time,
.

place, or circumstances of birth.

a.
[Allied to neat.]
Neat;

NAt'ty,
fine

1.

Pertaining to the constitution of a

thing.
2. Conformed to the order
or laws of nature regular. 3. Having to do with the existing system of
things.
4. Conformed to truth or
reality. 5. illegitimate. 6. Pertaining to the animal nature merely. 7.
Pertaining to a kev which has neither a fiat nor a sharp for ifs sitrna;

n.

1.

An

idiot

(Mits.)
used to re2.

character [thus,
]
the effect of a preceding sharp

move
or

flat.

NAt'u-RAL-Ism,
A, E,

1,

Nat'u-ral-ness,

NAT'URE
born.]

1.

n.

C-,U, Y, long;

1.

Mere state of

AViiljOjO,

Native character.

Kind;

2.

sort species.
3. Established course
of things. 4. The creation ; the universe.
5. The agencies which carry
on the processes of the creation. 6.
Adherence to what is natural. 7.
;

Nakedness.

Naught

and

ne, not,

fr.

aitht,

[A.-S. navht,
aught.] Noth-

ruptly.

Naught'i-ness

(nawt/]-) n.
of being naughty.

(nawt'y) a.
[-ER; -EST,
[Obs.]
1. Corrupt; wicked.
142.]
2. Mischievous.
Nau'se-a (naw'she-a), n. [Lat., from
Gr. vavs, ship.] Seasickness, or any
similar sickness; qualm.

Nau'se-ate

(-she-), v.

i.

To become

squeamish; to feel disgust.

v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To affect with nausea.
:

(naw'shus), a.

Causing,

or fitted to cause, nausea, [manner.

Na.U'seous-ey, adv. In a loathsome
NAU'SEOtts-NESS, n. Loathsomeness.
NAU'Tie-AE, a. [Gr. vclvtikos, from
vav%, ship.]
Pertaining to seamen,
or to navigation.
Syn. Naval; marine; maritime. See

Naval.
Nau'ti-lus,

n.

[Gr.

vavTtAos, a seaman.]

small

cephalopo-

dous mollusk, having

the mouth surrounded by numerous small
a. [Lat.

nava-

navis, ship, Gr.

Nautilus.
Pertaining to,
or consisting of, ships.
Syn. Nautical; marine; maritime.
Naval is applied to ships or a navy nautical, to seamen and the art of navigation.
Hence, we speak of a naval, as
opposed to a military, engagement; naval equipments or stores, a naval tri,-

umph,

a 7>nr(d flficer, &c, and of nautical pursuits or instruction, &c.

i

[A.-S. </?a/w..]
The hub
or centre piece of timber or part of a
wheel.
2. [From Lat. navis, ship.]
Middle or body of a church.
Na'VE (na'vl), n. [A.-S. nafola, na-

, short;

n.

n.
1. Act of navigating. 2. Method of determining a
ship's position, course, &c. 3. Vessels
shipping.
Nav'i-ga'tor, n. One who is skillful in the art of navigation.
NXv'VY, n. [From navigator.] A laborer on canals, docks, or railroads.
Na'vy, n.
[Lat. navis, ship.]
1. A
;

fleet

of ships.

1.

2.

Ships of war, coland men of the

3. Officers

war-vessels of a nation.
Nay, adv. [A.-S. na.] 1. No.

only

n.

so.

Naz'a-RENE',
Nazareth

Denial

2.

Not

refusal.

An

inhabitant of
one of the early converts
n.

to Christianity.

purity of life.
n.
[Cf. Neb.]
1. Tongue or
pole of a cart, &c. 2. A prop for
the front of a cart, &c.
a.
[A.-S.
nep, neap. Cf. A.-S. hnipan, hn'ipian,
to cast down, fall.]
Low.
NE'A-FOL'I-TAN, a.
[Gr. Nea7roAts,
{i. e., New-town), Naples.]
Pertaining to Naples.
NEAR, a. [-ER;-EST.] [A.-S. nearn,
compar. of nedh, nigh.] 1. Not far
distant, in place, time, or degree
closely connected.
2 Next to the
driver of a team
3. Immediate
direct.
4. Parsimonious.
adv.
1.
At a little distance only. 2. Almost.
-ING.]
t.
[-ED
To
approach;
v.
v. i.
To draw
to come nearer.
prep. Close by not far from.
near.
Near'LY, adv. 1. At no great dis3. Intimately.
2. Closely.
tance.

Neap,

4.

vivs.}

Nave,

NXVI-ga'tion,

Almost.

Near'ness,

'/'

tentacles.
lis

NXv'i-ga-ble-ness, n. Navigability.
Nav'1-gate, v. i. [-ED; -ing.] [Lat.
navigare, -gatvm ; navis, ship, and
agere, to move.] To go in a vessel or
ship t6 sail.
v. t. 1. To pass over
in ships.
2. To steer.

Naz'a-rite, n. A Jew bound by a

Quality
vow to extraordinary devotion and

NAUGHT'Y

NAU'SEOUS

NA-vl'u-LAR,

lectively.

(nawt, 75), n.

adv. In no degree.
a.
1.
Worthless; bad. 2. Vile naughty.
NAUGHT'I-LY (nawt'I-l.v), adv. In a
naughty manner
wickedly
coring.

Na/val,

spruce.

Nat'u-ual(66),<z. [See Nature.]

ture.

[natural.
n.
State of being
n.
natura;
natvs,
[Lat.
(53),

tion,

as the leading idea.

A depression
the center of the abdomen.
a. 1. Relating to small
ships or boats.
2. Shaped like a
boat.
[being navigable.
NAv'I-GA-BH/l-TY, n. Condition of
Nav'I-ga-ble, a.
Admitting of being navigated.
Cf. supra.]

fela.

n. 1. Closeness. 2. Close
alliance by blood.
3. Intimacy.
Near'-sIght'ed (-sit'), a. Seeing at
small distance only.
Neat, n. [A.-S. neat.] Cattle of the
bovine genus, as bulls, oxen, and

cows.
1. Belonging to the 1 oa.
vine genus. 2. [-ER -EST.] [Lat.
nitidus.]
Free from that which soils
3. Pleasing with
or defiles clean.
simplicity.
4. Good in its kind.
5.
Adroit. 6. With all deductions madej
:

[care of cattle.

net.

Neat'-herd, n. One who has

NEAT'EY, adv. With neatness.

the

Neat'ness,

NEB,

v.

State of being neat.

n.
[A.-S. nebb, head, face Icel.
:

nebbi, beak nose.] The nose snout;

beak of a bird nib, as of a pen.
Neb'u-la n. ; pi. NEB'U-L.E. [Lat.

CARE, FAR, ASK: ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FlRM

SO-N,

NEBULAR

Pertaining to nebulae.
NEB'U-LOS'I-TY, n. State of being
nebulous.
[a nebula.
Neb'u-loDs, a. Pertaining to, or like
Nec'es-sa-ri-ey, adv. Bynece.-sity
unavoidably.
3Srp'ES-s_A-KY (44), a. [Lat. necessarius, from necesse, unavoidable ]
1.
Such as must be inevitable. 2. Reqessential.
3. Involuntary.
uisite
1. A thing indispensable;
n.
chiefiv in the pi.
2. A privy.
a.

Ne-CES'SI-TA'RI-AN,
maintains
sophical

[Lat.

One who

n.

the doctrine of philonecessity in human voliall events.

tions and
NE-CES'SI-TAtE,

V.

[-ED;-ING.]

t.

necessitatum,

ner.essitare,

NEOLOGISTICAL

285

mist, cloutf.] A faint, misty appearance among the stars, composed of

innumerable stars.

Neb'u-lar,

;
;

to

of urgent want. 2. Poverty indigence.

Syn. Necessity. Necessity is stronger than need; it places us under positive
compulsion. We are frequently under
the necessity of going without that of
which we stand very greatly in need.
;

v.

[-ED

t.

n.
1. Quality of be
ing negligent habitual neglect. 2.
A negligent act.
Syn. Neglect.
Negligence is the
;

and neglect the act of leaving

things undone. The one naturally leads
to the other. Negligent men are neglectful of their duties.
habit,

To be in want
To be wanted; Neg'li-gent,

-ING.]

of; to lack.
v.
to be necessary.

Neg'li-gence,

i.

[Lat. negligens,
to neglect; cus-

a.

Apt

neglecting.]

tomarily neglectful.
Need'pul, a. 1. Needy. 2. Requisite.
Neg'LI-Gent-ly, adv.
Need'ful-ly, adv. Necessarily.

In a negligent^ manner.
Need'i-ly, adv. In a needy condiNe-go'ti-a-bil'i-ty
(-go'shi-),
n.
tion or manner.
[digence.
QuaHty of being negotiable.
Need'i-ness, n. Want poverty inNE-go'TI-A-ble
(-go'shi-),
a.
CapaNee'dle, n. [A.-S. nsedl, nidi; 0.
;

H. Ger. najan, to sew.] 1.

instrument of steel
used
ing.
2. A magnetized bar
in a compass, placed so as
freely toward the magnetic
;

small
in sewof steel
to turn
poles of

ble of

being negotiated.

Ne-go'ti-ate

(-go'stn-, 95), v. i.
[Lat. negotiari, -atus; negotium,
business.] 1. To transact business.
2. To treat with respecting peace or
[-ED; -ING.] 1.
commerce.
v.t.

the earth. 3. A pointed crystal, &c.

To make necessary or inTo settle by dealing and manageNee'dle-Ful (155), n. As much
dispensable. 2. To force to compel.
ment. 2._ To sell to pass.
thread as is put at once into a
Ne-ces'si-toOs, a. Very needy or inNe-go'ti-a'tion (-sh!-a7shun), n.
r-eedle.
digent.
Act of negotiating transaction of
NE-CES'3I-TY, n. [Lat. necessitas. See Nee'dee-gun, n. A fire-arm loaded
business. _
[who negotiates.
at the breech, and exploded by means
'

force.]

1.

Necessary.]

1. Quality of being
Indigence want.
3.
chiefly
That which is necessary

necessary.

2.

in the pi.

4. Irresistible force

Neck,

n.

[A.-S. hnecca.]

1.

fate.

Part of

Ne-g5'TI-A'TOR (-shi-aVtor), n. One

Having no need. Ne'gress, n. A black woman a fe-

of a slender pin, or needle.

Need'eess,
2.

a.

1.

male negro.

Unnecessary.

Need'less-ly, adv.

Unnecessarily.

Ne'gro,

n.; pi.

NE'GROES.

[Sp.,

man

an animal's body, connecting the Nee'dle-wqm'an (150), n. A seaman African by birth, or the descendstress.
head and the trunk. 2. Any part
ant of one.
NEEDg, adv. [Orig. genitive of need,
corresponding to a neck: especially,
Ne'gus, n. A liquor made of wine,
used
as
an
adv.]
Necessarily.
n 1.
a narrow connecting trart of
water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemonNECK'CLOTH, n. A piece of cloth Need'y, a. [-ER -EST, 142.] Indijuice
named from Col. Negus.
[never.
gent necessitous.
worn on the neck.
Neigh
(na), v. i. [-ed
-ing.] [A.-S.
Neck'er-chief, n. [For nerk-ker- Ne'er (uar), adv. A contraction of
hnxgan.} To cry as a horse.
n
Ne-fa'ri-OUS,
[Lat. nefarius
a.
A kerchief to be worn
chief, 146.]
The natural cry of a horse.
nefas, impious.] Wicked in the exaround the neck.
Neigh'BOR (naVbur), n. [A.-S. neah
treme atrociously villainous.
fr.

Lat. niger, black.]

black

Neck'laCE

(45), n.

string of beads,

Syn. See Iniquitous.

&c, worn upon the neck.
Ne-fa'r r-ofis-L Y, adv With extreme
NECK'-TlE,n. A neck-kerchief.
wickedness.
Relating to
a.
Nec'ro-eoG'IC,
NEC'RO-LoG'IC-AE, j an account Ne-ga'tion, n. [Lat. negatio ; ne.

bur; neah, nigh, and gebhr, a dwell1. A person who lives near one.
2. One of the human race
a fellowbeing.
a.
Near to another ad
joining; next.
[-ED; -ING.]
v I.
To adjoin to be near to.
er.]

Act of denying
denial. 2. Statement of what a thing
NE-ROL'0-GY,n. [Gr. re/cpos, dead,
Neigh'bor-hood (naVbur-), n. 1.
is
not,
not,
or
has
&c.
register
of
and Aoyos, discourse.] A
Quality of being a neighbor. 2. An
Neg'a-tive, a. 1. Implying denial
adjoining district or its inhabitants.
or absence. 2. Having the power of
NE'ro-man / cer, n. One who pracSyn. Vicinity. These words differ
stopping or restraining.
n.
1. A
tices necromancy
a sorcerer.
in degree.
Vicinity does not denote so
proposition by which something is
NeCRO-MAN'CY, n. [Gr. ve/epop.avclose a connection as neighborhood. A
denied or forbidden. 2. A word that
Teia; ve/cpos, a dead body, and p-avneighborhood is a more immediate viVeto.
4.
A
photographdenies.
3.
cinity.
revealing
Art
of
Teia, divination.]
ic picture upon glass which reverses Neigh'BOR-ING (naVbur-ing), a. Livfuture events by means of a pretendthe natural lights and shades.
v. t.
ing or being near.
ed communication with the dead
[-ED; -ing.] 1. To disprove. 2. To Neigh'BOR-ly (naVbur-). a. 1. Soconjuration.
gare, to say no.]

of deaths.

1.

Nec'ro-man'tic,
Nec'ro-mAn'tic-ai,,

a.

Pertaining
to, or per-

formed by, necromancy.

Ne-CROP'O-LIS, n.
vtTcpos, dead, and
city of the

dead

Nec'TAR,.

[Gr. venpoTtokis
7roAts,

city.]

a cemetery.

The drink
hence, any delicious

[Gr. veVrap.]

of the gods
beverage.

Nec-ta're-al, ) a. Relating to, conNec-ta're-an,

sisting of, or reNec-ta're-ous, J) sembling, nectar.
Nec'tar-ine, n. A kind of peach.
Nec'tar-oCs, a. Sweet as nectar;
nectar.] The
honey-gland of a flower.
NEED,n. [A.-S. nedd, ned.] 1. State

OR, DO,

[Prom

n.

WOLF TOO, TOOK}

j

cial;

friendly.

2.

Cultivating

fa-

Neg'a-tive-ly, adv. In a negative

miliar intercourse.
manner or form.
NEI'THER (nevther or nl'ther. The
Neg-lect', v. t. [-ed -ing ] [Lat.
former mode is preferable, and more
negligere, neglectum ; nee, not, and
usual), pron. or pronominal adjeclegere, to gather.]
1. To suffer to
Not either;
tive.
[A.-S. n&dher.]
;

pass unimproved, unheeded, undone,

&c. ; to omit. 2. To slight.
Syn.
To overlook disregard; disesteem; contemn.
1. Omission of proper attenn.
2. State of being disregarded.
tion.
Negligence inattention disSyn.

regard: disesteem; slight; indifference.

NEG-LET'FUL,

nectareous.

Nec'ta-ry,

refuse to enact or sanction.

less

a. 1.

inattentive.

slight.

2.

Heedless careTreating with

;

URN, RUE, PULL

manner.
In a neg-

[lectful

Neg-lect'ful-LY, adv.
;

E,

I,

O, silent

C,G,

sq/2;

not the one or the other.

Not

conj.

[ology.

either.

NE'o-LOG'ie-A^a. Pertaining to neNe-6i/o-GIsm, n. 1. Introduction

of new words or new doctrines. 2.
A new word, expression, or doctrine.
Ne-ol'O-GIst, n. One who holds
doctrines subversive of supernatural
religion.

NE-6i/o-GTsT'ie,
Ne-oe'o-Gist'ic-al,

a.

Pertaining
to neology

neological.

,&,hard;

&H

liglST;

N.

as

NG THIS
;

NEOLOGY
Ne-ol'O-GY,

new, and

[Gr. ve'os,

n.

Aoyos, word, discourse.] 1. Introduction of new words. 2. New doctrines, especially in theology.

NE'O-PHYTE,

n.

[Gr. veocpvros,

lit.

newly planted.] 1. A new convert.

A novice a tyro.

2.

Ne'O-TER'TC,
NE'o-TER'lC-AL,

a.

[Gr. vecorepikos ] Recent in

origin.

Ne-pen'THE,
Ne-pen'the,

A drog

In. [Gr.
)

used by

vqTrevflTjs, reniovirjg all sorrow.]

the ancients to re-

lieve pain.

Neph'ew

(nefyji, 85), n. [A.-S. nefa,

allied to Lat. ne'pos.]
Son of a
brother or sister.
B3f- The English pronounce this word
ngv'yu.

Ne-phrKt'ic,
NE-PHR1T'I-AL,

a. [Gr. ve<piTi*6s
ve<f>po<;,

NICKNAME

286

kidney.]

Pertainiug to the kidneys.

n.
A medicine for curing diseases of the kidneys.

NE-PHRIT'I,

bird in the nest, or just taken from

the nest.
1. An instru[A.-S. nett.]
of mesh-work for catching
game.
2.
A cunning device a
[-TED; -TING] 1.
snare,
v. t.
To make into net-work. 2. To take
in a net. 3. i'o produce as clear
profit
v. ?'.
To form net- work.
a. [Cf. NEAT.] Clear of all charges
and deductions, &c.
NETM'ER, a. [A.-S. nidhera.] Lower.

Newly,

Ne-fh'er-most, a. Lowest.
Net'ting, n. A piece of net-work.

NEWT

NET, n.
ment

Net'tle

(net'tl), n.

[A.-S.

plant covered with minute sharp

brittle hairs containing a poison.
[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.
To fret or
[ease.
sting to irritate or vex.
Net'tle-rXsh, n. An eruptive disNet'-work (-wfirk), n. A fabric of
threads, crossing each other at cer-

and

tain intervals.

[Lat. nervus, Gr.

vtvpov.] 1. Physical force or steadiness
also, self-command.
2. One
of the bundles of fibres whi'-h establish a communication between the
parts of the body and the brain.

n.

(14),

v.

t.

[-ED; -ING.] To give strength

or vigor to.

Nerve'less,

a.

Destitute of strength

wanting vigor.

Nerv'ine,

Quieting nervous exa.

citement.
n. A medicine that acts
upon the nerves.
Nerv'ous, a. 1. Possessing nerve
strong vigorous. 2. Possessing or
manifesting mental vigor. 3. Relating to, or seated in, the nerves.
4.
Having weak nerves easily agitated.
Nrv'ous-ly, adv. In a nervous

manner.

Nerv'ous-ness,.

Quality of being

nervous.

Nes'cience
nescientia

(nesh/ens, 95), n.
ne, not,

[Lat.

and sevens, know-

Want of knowledge ignorance.

NsT,n. [A.-S.] 1. Retreat of a bird
ing.]

2. Place where the

eggs of other animals are laid. 3. A
snug abode. 4. A collection of boxes,
cases, or the like, of graduated size.
Nst'-egg, n. An egg left in the
nest, to prevent the hen from forsaking it.
Nest'le (neVl), v.i. [-ED; -TNG.]
1. To lie close and snug, as a bird.

for laying eggs.

2.

v.

To move about
1. To house.

in

NEST'LING
A, E,

I,

(nesting),

0,V,Y, long;

one's seat.
To cherish.
n.
young

2.

t.

A./ik,!,

neither gender,

(b

Neither active

1. One who takes

n.
nor passive.
no part in a contest a neutral. 2.
The working bee.
Neu'tral, a. 1. Not engaged on
;

2. Of medium quality.
One that takes no part in a
n.
[neutral.
contest between others.
State of being
Neu'trXl'1-ty, n.
Neu'tral-i-za'tion, n. 1. Act of
neutralizing. 2. State of being neu-

either side.

tralized.

NEU'TRAL-IZE, V. t.
1. To render neutral.

[-ED; -ING.]
2. To destroy
the effect or peculiar properties of.
Neu'tral-iz'er, a. One who, or
that which, neutralizes.
Neu'tral-ey, adv.
In a neutral

manner indifferently.
Nev'er, adv. [A.-S. nsefre
;

ne, not,

and zefre, ever.] 1. Not ever not

at any time. 2. In no degree. 3,. Not.
Nev'er-the-less', adv.
Not the
;

notwithstanding.
[-ER; -EST.l [A.-S.
a.
niwe,neoive.] 1. Of late origin. 2.
Recently invented, discovered, or esless

NEW

(nu),

tablished as true.
4.

Unaccustomed;

Starting anew.
unfamiliar.
5.

3.

Fresh from any thing.

/ Syn.- See Novel.

]TeWel,

[Lat. nucalis, like a nut.]

n.

The upright post about which the

steps of a circular staircase wind.
New-fXn/gled (nu-fang'gld), a.
New made uovel.
:

New-fash'ioNjED (ou-faWund),

a.

Lately come into fashion.

6, 0, Y, short

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

,'

Freshly; recently.
To give a new
v. t.
[being new.
Newness, n. State or quality of
NEWg, n. [From new ; pi. in form,
but united with a verb in the sing.]
Recent account fresh information.

form

to.

Syn. Tidings intelligence; intcrmntion; advice. See Tidings.

;

News'pa-PER

(nuz'-), n.
A publie
print that circulates news, advertise-

ments, &c.

[0. Eng. ewt, evet.

small lizard.
of nigh.
[A.-S.,
nexta, nyxta, ncsta, nyhsta.] Nearest in place, time, degree, quality, or
relation.
adv At the time or turn
immediately succeeding.
NYb, n. [See Neb.] Something small
and pointed, as the bill of a bird, or
the point of a pen.
v. t. To furnish with a nib.
NIb'ble, v. t. [.-ed; -ING.] [From
nib.]
To eat slowh or in small bits.
To bite a little at a time.
v. i.
n. A little bite, or seizing to bite.
NlB'BLER. n. One that nibbles.
Nice, a. [-er -est.] fLat. neserus,
ignorant, A.-S. hnesce, yiesc, soft, tender.] 1. Pleasing to the senses.
2.
Wrought or made by a skillful work-

(nut),

NEXT,

a.

n.

See Eft.]

netele.]

Neu-rXl'GI-A. n. [Gr. vevpov, nerve,

NEP'O-TtgM (110), n. [Lat. nepox,
and aA-yos, pain.] A painful disease
nephew.]
Favoritism to nephews
which seems to be seated in a nerve.
NEU-RXi/GI,a. Pertaining to neuand other relations.
Nept'une (30), n. 1. The god of the
ralgia.
2. A large pkinet distant from NEU-R6l/o-GY,n. [Gr. vevpov, nerve,
sea.
the sun about 2,850,000,000 miles.
and Aoyos, discourse.] Doctrine of
NEP-TU'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the
the nerves.
ocean_.
Neu-rot'ic, a. [Gr. vevpov, nerve.]
the
Nep-tu'ni-an, ) n. One who holds
1. Relating to, or seated in,
Nept'u-nist, ) that the solid parts
2. Useful in disorders of
nerves.
of the globe were formed from aquethe nerves.
Neu'ter, a. [Lat.] 1 Of neither
ous solution.
Ne're-id n. (Myth.) A sea-nymph.
side; neutral. 2. (Gram.) (a.) Of

Nerve

adv.

New-mod'el,

superl.

man

refined

3.

or refinement.
satisfy.

5.

4.

Showing delicacy
Hard to please or

Scrupulously cautious.

Syn. Pleasing. Nice implies a union

of delicacy and exactness.
In ntcefood,
cookery, taste, &c, delicacy predomiin nice discrimination, management, workman ship, a nice point to manage, &c, exactness predominates. Oflate
a new sense h;is been introduced, which
excludes them both, namely, pleasing;
as, a nice girl, a nice excursion, &c.

nates

NlCE'LY, adv.

1.

In a nice manner

delicately
accurately
Wejl cleverly.
;

exactly.

2.

Ni'cene, or Ni-cene',

a.
Relating
to Nice, in Asia Minor, where the
Nicene creed was composed, A.D. 325.
Nice 'ness, n. Quality of being nice.
Ni^'E-TY, n. 1. Quality of being nice
;

daintiness. 2. A delicacy
delicacy
especially in the plural.
NIche (nlch). n. []t. nicchia, fr. nicchio, shell-fish.] A recess within the
thickness of a wall, for a statue, &c.
NICK, n. 1. [A modif. of nock.} A notch
cut into something hence, a score
2. [Icel. hnickia,
for an account.
the
to seize and carry off.] A hit
exact point of time.
v. t. [-Ed;
-ING.] 1. To cut in nicks or notches;
2. To suit or fit into, a,s
to notch.
one notch into another. 3. To hit;
to strike at the precise point or time.
to defeat.
4. Hence, to cozen
[Ger. nirkel, fr. ki/pf<rNlCK'EL, n.
nirk>l, copper nickel, copper of Nick
A grayish-white metor Nicholas.]
al used in various alloys.
Nick'nack, n. [See Knickknack./
chiefly in
small thing a trifle

the plural.

NIck'name,

fr.
O. Eng.
neke-name, eke-name, surname.] A

n.

[Perh.

ERE. V^IL, 'XtUIuJ PIQUE, FIRM

S6N,

NICOTIAN
given in contempt or familiarv.t.
[-ED -ING.J To give
ity.
a name of reproach or familiarity to.

Ni-eo'TIAN,

a.

Nicot,

[J?r.

who

in-

troduced

it into France.]
Pertaining
or denoting, tobacco.
NlO'TATE, v. i. [-ED -IN&.] [Lat.
nictare. -totum.]
To wink.
Nic-ta'tjon, n. Act of winking.

to,

Nl'Tl-TATE, v. i.
To wink.
Nfe'Tl-TA'TlON, n.
NlD'1-FI-OATE, V.

[See

NODULE

287

name

NICTATE.]

Ni-hii/i-ty, n. Nothingness
of being nothing.
Nile, v. i.
To be unwilling.

NIm'ble,

a. ''[-er

Pertaining to, contain

a.

ing, or resembhng niter

Abounding with nits.
Niv'E-ous, a. [Lat. niveus.] Snowy
j

N'lT'TY, a.

-est.]

NT'TROUS,
Nl'TRY,

a state

[A.-S.

resembling snow.
nimol, numol, capable, catching-]
No, adv. [A.-S. na.]
Light and quick in motion.
Syn. Agile; quick; active; brisk.
of denial or refusal.
n.
not one none.
Nlftl'BLE-NESS, n. Quickness celer-

Nay

a.

denial.

2.

No-BIL'I-TY,

negative vote.
[Lat. nobilitas.]

n.

a word

Not any
NOES.)
I,
^

(p/.

speed agility.
NT si'BLY, adv. With agility.
ity

as, [a.
Quality of being noble
elevation
superiority o{*
Dignity
rays around the heads of saints,
mind, (b.) Noble birth distinction
&c. a halo. 2. A rain-cloud.
by rank. 2. Tbe peerage.
NiJV'COM-PObP, n. [A corruption of
No'BLE, a. [-ER -est.] [Lat noLat. non compos.] A silly fool.
bilis ; noscere. to know] 1. PossessNine, a. & n.
[A.-S. nigon, nigan.]
ing eminence, elevation, or dignity,
One more than eight.
&c. 2. Grand magnificent splendid.
Niise'fence (152), n. A silver coin of
3. Of aristocratic or patrician family.
the value of nine pence, or, in New
England, 12J cents.
Honorable; elevated; exalted;
iYj.
illustrious; renowned; generous; free.
Nine"'-pins, n.
A play with nine
pins, at which a ball is rolled.
n.
2.
I. A nobleman; a peer.
NlNE'TEEN, a. & n. Nine and ten.
An old English gold coin, worth

Nijvi'BUS, n.

Act of winking
i.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. n dficare, -catum ; 7iidus,nest,
and face re, to make.] To make a

[Lat.]

1.

circle

of

nest.

NlD'l-FI-A'TTON, n. Act of building

a nest, aud hatching and feeding of
young.
[ing in the nest.
Nid'u-la'tion, n. Time of remain-

Nf'nas,n.
Niece, n.

[Lat.]
[Lat.

nest.

7ieptis,

grand-

Daughter of a brother

daughter.]
or sister.

n.
[Icel. hnoggr, economperson meanly close and
covetous a miser.
n. Meanly covetous miserly.
[niggardly.
NIg'gard-li-ness, n. State of being
NlG'GARD-LY, a.
Meanly covetous
sordidly parsimonious.

Nig'ger,

n.

Tiegro

Nigh

m derision.

(nl), a.
[-er -est.]
[A.-S.
neah, nih.]
1.
Not distant near.
2. Closely allied.
adv. 1. In a situation near. 2. Almost; nearly.
prep. Near to.
NIGHT (nit), n, [A.-S. neaht, niht,
allied to Lat. nox.}
1. Time from
sunset to sunrise.
2. In figurative
uses, (a.) Obscurity, (b.) Ignorance.
_(c.) Adversity,
{d.) Death.
;

NlGHT'-CAP

(nit 7 -), n.

bed.

cap worn in

[day evening.
Close of the
;

NlGHT'-FALL (nit'-),

NIght'-gown

n.

(nit'-),

n.

gown used for undress.

Night'in-gale (nlt'in-gal,
[A.-S. nihtegale,
niht, night, and
lan, to sing ]

loose

45),

n.

fr.

ga-

Night'ly

A sensation

(nit'-), n.

Nightingale.

[See

.]

a weight on

The contents
1.

(mt/wotch), n.

1.

period in the night.

2.
A guard
to afford protection in the night.
a.

Noting nineOrdinal of

&

[Lat. nigrescens.]

DO WOLF, TOO TOO If,

j

One of the

n.

(150),

a peer.
n. Nobility

station
Nine times ten.
ninno, ninna, a No-bless', or No'bless,

n.

[Cf. It.

elevation
)

n. [See

NO-BLESSE', or NO'BLESSE, J
NOfool
a simpleton.
BLE.] The nobility.
Ordinal of nine.
Nip, v. t. [-ped -ping.] [A.-S. hnt- No'bly, arft. 1. Of noble extraction.
2. With greatness of soul.
3. Magpan, to bend or cast down.] 1. To innificently.
close and compress tightly to pinch.
2. To remove by pinching, biting, No'bod-y, n.
No person no one.
[Lat. nocens, hurting.]
&c. 3. To blast, as by frost.
n. 1. No'CENT. a.
Doing hurt hurtful mischievous.
A seizing or closing in upon a pinch.
[Lat. nox,
2. A cutting off the end. 3. Destruc- NOC-TAM'BU-LIST, n.
noctis, night, and ambulare, to walk.]
tion by frost.
NlP'PERg, n. pi.
One who walks in his sleep.
NOO-TIV'A-GANT, a. [Lat. nox, nocSmall pincers for
tis, night, and vagans, wandering.]
holding,
breakWandering in the night.
ing, or cutting.
Nippers.
Noc'TURN, n. [Lrt. nocturnus, beNip'ple, n. [Ala pap. 2.
lied to nibble.}
1. A teat
longing to the night.] An act of religious service by night.
Any small projection in which there
Noc-tur'nal, a. Pertaining to, or
is an orifice.
Ni'SAN, n. [Heb. nls&n.] A month
done or occurring at, night.
of the Jewish calendar, answering to Nod, v. i.
[Prob. allied to Lat. nuthe month of April.
tare.]
1. To bend the upper part,
NT'sI Pni'us. [Lat., unless before.]
with a quick motion. 2. To make a
v. t.
A term of court, held generally by a
slight bow. 3. To be drowsy.
single judge, with a jury.
[-DED; -DING.] 1. To incline cr
NlT,n. [A.-S. hnitu.] Egg of a louse,
bend, as the head. 2. To signify by
ot other small insect.
1. A bending forward
a nod.
n.
Nl'TER, n. [Gr. virpov.] A white,
of the top of any thing. 2. A quick,
Ni'tre,
crystalline salt; nitrate
downward or forward bow.
of potassa salt-peter.
NOD'AL, a. Relating to a node.
Ni'trate (45), n A salt formed by Nod'dle, n. [Prob. fr. nod, as it is
_the umon of nitric acid with a base.
the nodding part of the body.] The
Nl'TRic, a. Containing nitrogen.
head
usei jocosely.
Nl'TRI-FY, v. t. [-ED; -ING, 142.] Nod'dy, n. [Prob. from nod.]
[Lat. nitrum, niter, and facer e, to
simpleton a fool.
make.] To convert into niter.
Node, n. [Lat. nodus.]
Nl'TRO-GEN, n.
[Gr. virpov, and
1. A knot
a knob. 2.
yer-ecv, yevecrOai, to produce.] A gasOne of the two points
Node.
eous element, without taste, odor, or
where the orbit of a
_baby.j

NINTH,

a.

u"RN,

color, forming nearly four fifths of

common

air.

Nl-TROG'E-NOtts,

a.
Pertaining
or containing, nitrogen.

to,

Changing to a black color.

NPtro-glyc'er-Tne, n. (Chem.)
Xl'HiL-lgM, n. [Lat. nihil, nihilum,
A powerful explosive compound
nothing.] 1. Nothingness. 2. Docformed of nitric and sulphuric
trine that nothing can be known.
acids mixed with glycerine
6R^

nobility

No'bee-ness,
of mind or of

ninety.

Nine'ty, a.
NlN'NY, n.

about $1.61.

NOBLE-MAN
n.

prostitute.

NI-gres'cent,

n.

MARE

of privies, carried away by night.

Night'yvaek-er (nit'wawk-er), n.
One who walks in his sleep. 2

Night'-watch

&

in sleep as of
(nit'-), n.

&

the chest.

NlGHT'-soiL

a.

NIGHT'mAre

a.

teen.

Nine'ti-eth,

small bird that sings

^weetly at night.
(nifly), a.
Done by night or
every night.
adv.
1. By night
in the
night.
2
Every
night.

Nineteenth,

Nig'gard,
ical.]

RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

vQy
'

planet intersects the ecliptic.

!4
Joint of a stem. 4. The oval figu>.3
formed by the folding of a cuivq

upon itself.
No-dose', a.

Having knots or

ing joints.

N6d"u-lar,

Nod'ule

a.

(77), n.

sweil

[a nodule
Being in the form oi

[Lat. nodulus,

C,G,5o/i; ,&,hard; AS; EXIST

dim

NasNG; THIS

NOGGIN

NoigE,
from

[0. Fr. noise, strife, noise,

Lat. noxa, hurt, injury.]
1.
n.

Sound of any kind. 2. Over-loud,

confused, or senseless sound. 3. Frev. i.
To sound loud.
quent talk.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To spread by
rumor or report.

Noise'less,

Making no

a.

"FORMAL

288

of nodus, knot.] A rounded mass

of irregular shape.
[wooden cup.
Nog'gin, n. [Ir. noigin.] A small

noise.

Nois/i-ly, adv. With noise or clamor.

Noig'l-NESS, n. State of being noisy.
Noi'some (noi'sum), a. [Lat. noxa,
injurious, and the Eng. termination
some.] 1. Injurious to health unwholesome. 2. Offensive to the smell

non, not, and pareil, equal.] HavOne who is ninety years old.
ing no equal
peerless.
n.
1.
N6n'a-GOn, n. [Lat. nonus, the ninth,
Something of unequaled excellence.
and Or. yaWa, angle.] A polygon
2. A printing type like that here
having nine sides and nine angles.
used.
[ment.
Non'-at-tend'ance, h. A failure NON-PAY'MENT, n. Neglect of payto attend.
Non'plus, n.
[Lat. non, not, and
Nonce, n. [A corruption of then
plus, more.] Insuperable difficulty
once.]
The present occasion.
puzzle.
v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
To
Nonchalance (nong'sha/longss'),
puzzle to confound.
n.
Indifference; coolness.
Non-res/i-dence,w. Neglect of re[Jbr.J
Nonchalant (nong'shii'long'), a. siding at the place where one is stagenarius

nonageni, ninety each.]

Indifferent

[Fr.]

careless

NoN-eoM-Mis'sioNjED

tioned.

cool.

Non-res/i-dent,

a.
Not residing in
a particular place.
n One who does
not reside in a particular place esNon-commissioned officer {Mil.
Xapecially a clergy man who lives away
val), an officer of a grade below a warrant officer, as a corporal, a gunner'*
from his cure.
or other senses.
mate,
&c.

Non'-re-sTst'ance,
n. Passive obeSyn.
Noxious. A thing which is
noxious inflicts evil directly, as a noxious Non'-com-iyht'tal, n.
A state of
dience.
thing
plant, noxious practices, &c;
not being pledged to any course.
N&N'-RE-siST'ANT, a. Making no rewhich ia noisome operates with a remoter
a.

(-mlsh'und),

Not having a commit

8>-

influence, as noisome vapors, a noisome

pestilence, &c , and has the additional
sense of disgusting.

Noi's6me-LY (noi'sum-),
a

With

adv.

Unwholesomen.
ness otfensiveness to the smell.
Nois/Y, a.
[-ER; -EST, 142.] Making a noise clamorous boisterous.
Pros'e-qvi. [Lat., to be
unwilling to prosecute.] A formal
;

Nol'le

discontinuance of a prosecution.
n.

sound mind

[Or. vofjid?, vo/u.aSos, pasvo(jl6s, a pasture.]

turing, roaming;

One of a

tribe that wanders from

place to place for game or pasture.

No-MAD'K,

a.
Wandering;
from place to place.

(num'blz), n. pi. [Ft., fr.

Lat. lumbulus, dim. of lumbus, a
loin.]
Entrails of a deer.

No'MEN-cla'tor,

.
[Lat., fr. nomen, name, and calare, to call.] One
things.
who gives names to
No'men-LAT'ure (53), n. System

of technical names in any branch of

science terminology.
Nom'I-nal, a. [Lat. nominalis ; nomen, a name.] 1. Pertaining to a
name. 2. Existing in name only.
N6m'i-nal-im, n. Principles of thd
nominalists.
Nom'I-NAL-Ist, n. One of a sect of
;

philosophers who held that general

conceptions exist in name only.
Nom'i-nal-ly, adv. In name only.
N6m/i-nate,i>. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

v.

To

i.

refuse to concur.

dissent or
[to

concur.

which transmits another substance

or fluid with difficulty or not at

Non'-con-form'ist,
does not conform
church.

to-

all.

One who

n.

an established

Non'-oon-form'i-ty,

n. Neglect of
conformity in England, refusal to
unite with the established church.
;

{British Hovse
gives a negative

vote.

Non'de -script,

a.
[Lat. non, not,
descriptus, described.] Not hithA
erto described novel odd.
n.

and

thing not yet described

something

(nun

[A.-S.

nan

No one

&

pron.
or non, 20), a.
; ne, not, and an, one.] 1.

frequentnot any thing

ly used as a pi.
2. No; not any.
Non-en'ti-ty, n. 1. Non-existence.
2. A thing not existing.
Nones, n. pi. [Lat. nonse; nonus,
the ninth.] (Roman Calendar.) The
5th day of January February April,
June, August, September, November, and December, and the 7th of
the other months.
Non'-es-sen'TIAL, n. A thing not
;

1.
To name.
essential.
[its equal.
To appoint; also, to propose by N6ne'such, n. A thing that has not
candidate.
name, as a
NoN'-E.x-fsT'ENCE, n. Absence of
Nom'i-na'tion, n.
Act or power
existence; nonentity.
of nominating state of being nom- Non'-ful-fill'ment, n. Neglect or
;

failure to fulfill.
a.

Naming;

desig-

said of the
case of a
noun. n. Case in which the subnating

first

ject of a verb stands.

[nates.
Nom'I-na'tor, n. One who nomiNom'I-nee', n. One who, has been
proposed for an office.
Non'age, n. [Prefix non, not, and

age.]

Time of

before one beminority.

life

comes of age
Non'a-ge-na'ri-an,
:

A, E,

I,

n.

[Lat.

One who maintains

made

no

sense.

n.

No-NILL'ion

(-niPyun), n. [Lat. nonus, ninth, and Eng. million.] According to the Fr. notation, a thousand octillions; according to the
Eng. notation, a million octillions.
Non-jO'ror, or Non'-ju-ror, n.
One who refused to swear allegiance
to William and Mary a Jacobite.
Neglect
Non'-ob-serv'ance, n.
or failure to observe.
;

nona- Non'pa-reil'

O, V, 'Zilong; iijiijlj O, G, Y, Short;

That which has

things of no

1.

Trices

2.

importance.

Unmeaning;

a.

[meaning.

Non-sens'I-al-LY, adv.

Non

kEQ'ui-TUR

Without
[Lat,,

(sek'wT-).

does not follow ]

An inference
not following from the premises.
Non'suit, n. A neglect or failure by
the plaintiff to follow up his suit.
v.t.
[-ed; -ING.]
To adjudge or
record, as having dropped his suit.
Non-us/er, n. 1. Failure to use. 2
Neglect or omission to use an ease
ment or other right.
it

Noo'dle,

dy.]

Nook

n. [Of.

Noddle

and Nod-

simpleton.

Eng. nock, a
a recess a se-

[Of. 0.

n.

(27),

notch.]

corner

cluded retreat.

abnormal.

N6ne

2.

inated.

n.

that no resistance should be

to constituted authority.

Non'-con-cur'rence, n. A refusal Non-sens'I-AL,

Non'-oon-dugt'or, n. A substance
foolish.

nominare, -natum.]

Nom'i-na-tive,

sistance.

Non'sense,

natic.

moving N&N'-ON-TENT', n.
of Lords.) One who

N6m'ble

[Lat.]

MP. iV Tis. \ Not of

hence, an idiot a lu-

NoN'-eON-cfjR',

fetid stench.

Noi'SOME-NESS,

NOM'AD,

Non -ebM'POS,

No N bM' pos

(-pa-rei'),a. [Fr.,from

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

Noon,

nona

hora), the
3 o'clock, P. M.),

[Lat.

n.

(sc.

ninth hour (i. e.,

which was the dinner -hour among

Romans

the

day

The middle of the

twelve o'clock.

Noo'n'day,. Midday twelve

a.

o'clock

Pertaining to mid[noon.
Noon'ing, n. Repose, or a repast, at
a.
Noon'tide, n. Midday noon.
Pertaining to noon.
No~OSE (or nobz), n. [Cf. Ir. nas, band
or tie.] A running knot, which binds
the closer the more it is drawn.
[-ed -ing.]
To tie
Noose, v.t.
[dian fig.
or catch in a noose.
[Mexican nopalli.] InNo'PAL, n.
Nor, conj. [Contr. fr. A.-S. nadhor.
See OR] A negative connective or
particle, following neither or not.
in the daj

day,

a. [Lat. normalis; norma,

rule, pattern.] According to an established rule, or principle; conformed to a type or regular form.
Normal school, one whose methods of
instruction are designed to serve as a

N6r'MAL,

model
Syn.

for imitation.

Regular

ordinary.

Regular

are popular terms of wellnormal has now a

signification

and ordinary

known
more

soeciric sense, arising

ERE, VEIL,

I'SllJI \

out of

its

use

PIQUE FIRM; S6N,

,

N OEM AN
A thing

in science.

is

its

state,

those principles of

make
it

A native of Normandy.
Pertaining to Normandy, or to
the Normans.
Norse, a. Pertaining to ancient Scandinavia.
n.
[Icel. Norvegr, Norway.] Language of ancient Scandinavia.
Norse 'max (150), n. An inhabitant
of ancient Scandinavia.
NORTH, n. [A. S. nord/i.] Direction
a.
Lying
opposite to the south.
toward, or situated at, the north.
North-east', n. A point between,
and equally distant from, the north
a. Pertaining to, or proand east.
ceeding from the north-east.
North-east'er-ly, a. Toward, or
from, the north-east.
N6rth-east'ERN,. Pertaining to,
or being in, the north-east.
North'er, n. A wind or gale from
the north.
NOR/MAN, ?i.

a.

North'er-LY,

a.

Being toward

1.

2. Prom the
the north northern.
adv.
1. Toward or from
north.
2. In a northern directhe north.

tion.

NORTfi'ERN,

Being

a.

in, or

near to,

or toward, the north.

North'ern-er,

n.
A native or resident in the north.
n.
Distance northward
from any point of departure.
North/man (150), n. One of the inhabitants of the north of Europe.

North'ing,

NORTH'WARD,
north

a.

Being toward the

northern.
\ adv.

North'ward,
North'wards,

Toward the

north

in a north-

erly direction.

North-west',

Point between,
and equally distant from, the north
a. 1. Pertaining to, beand west.
ing in the direction of, or being in,
the north-west. 2. Proceeding from
the north-west.
n.

N6rth-west'er-ly,

Toward, or

a.

from, the north-west.

North-west'ern,

a.

Pertaining

to,

Pertaining to Norway.
n.
A native of Norway
NoE, n. [A.-S. nosu, nasu.] 1. The
prominent part of the face, which is
2.
Power of
the organ of smell.
smelling; scent.
3. A projecting
vent; a nozzle.
v.t. [-ed; -ing.]
1. To smell
2. To oppose
to scent.
to the face.
v. i. To pry officiously
into what does not concern one.
Nose'gay, n. A bunch of flowers
a'boquet.
N5s'0-l5g'I-AL, a. Pertaining to
[in nosology.
nosology.
No-SOL'o-GfsT, n. One who is versed

a.

No-SCL'o-gy,m. [Gr.
and Aoycs, discourse.]

voctos, disease,
1.

A. system-

That
which

atic classification of diseases. 2.

branch of medical

science

treats of the classification of diseases.

n.
[0. Eng. nosethril, A.-

Nos'TRIL,
OR, do,

NOVITIATE

nosu, nose, and thyrl,

of the two channels

S. nasthyrl, fr.

a hole.] One
through the nose.

Nos'trum,

[Lat., ours,

n.

our own.]

quack or patent medicine.

a(/f,
[Contr. from naught.]

Not,

word that expresses negation,

denial,

or refusal.

Not'A-bil'I-TY,.
ing notable.

2.

1. Quality of benotable person or

[Lat. notabilis ; notare, to mark.]

1. Plain
evident.
2. Worthy of notice
noticed or distinguished.
n.
person of distinction.
Not'a-ble, a. Distinguished for good
management actively industrious.
a.

NOT'A-BLY, adv.
ner

In a notable man-

memorably.

N6t'a-bly, adv.

With bustling ac[done by, a notary.

Pertaining to, or

tivity,

No-TA'RI-AL,

No'TA-RY,

a.

notarius ; nola,
mark, letter.] A public officer who
attests deeds and other writings.
No-ta'tion, n. [hat.notatio.] Act,
practice, or method of recording any
thing, esp. numbers or quantities,
by marks, figures, or characters.
Notch, n. [0. Eng. nock.] 1. A
2. A deep,
nick an indentation.
[-ED
narrow pass or defile.
v. t.
-ING.] To cut in small hollows.
NOTE, n. [Lat. nota; nosce.re,notum,
1. A mark or token
to know.]
a
visible sign.
2. A mark, or sign, to
call attention, to point out something, &c.
3. A memorandum
a
minute.
4. pi. A writing intended
to be spoken from. 5. An annotation a comment. 6. A short letter.
7- A paper acknowledging a debt, and
n.

[Lat.

promising payment.
8. A musical
sound, or a character representing it.
Observation notice.
10. Repudistinction.
tation
v. t.
[-ED

9.

-ING.] 1. To observe; to heed.

2.
To record in writing. 3. To denote.

Note'-book, n. A book in which

memorandums or notes are written.
NOT'ED, a. Well known by reputation
Not'ed-ly, adv. With observation.

NOTH'ING-NESS

(nuth'ing- or

n.
1. Non-existence.
thing of no value.

ing-),

No'tice, n.
[Lat.
notum, to know.]
or observing.
timation.
3.
information.

2.

A
4.

2.

writing containing
Respectful treat-

[-ED; -ING.J 1. To
2. To remark upto.
on to make observations on. 3. To
treat with attention and civilities.

V.t.
ment.
pay attention
;

see; note; heed.

No'tice- a-ble a. Capable of being

observed worthy of observation
,

E,

I,

silent

Act of noti-

1.

No'Tl-FY,^.

An

ad-

[-ed;-ing,142.] [Lat.

t.

notificare; notus, known, and facers

to make.] 1. To declare to publish.
;

To give notice to.

NO'TION, n. [Lat. notio.]
2.

mental apprehension
tion.

1.

idea

No'TION-AL,

Any

concep-

Judgment; opinion.

2.

chiefly in the

3.

pi.

Existing in idea
only visionary imaginary. 2. Given
to visionary expectations.
Nd'TlON-AL-LY, adv. In conception
not in reality.
No'to-ri'e-ty, n.
1. Condition of
being notorious.
2. Knowledge by
people in general
No-TO'Rl-ous, a. [Lat. notorius; notare, to mark.] Generally known and
talked of, usually, to disadvantage.
No-TO'Rl-otis-LY, adv. In a notorious manner publicly openly.
No-to'ri-ous-ness, n. Notoriety.
Not'with-stand'ing, prep. Without opposition from
in spite of.
Q3f* Commonly classed as an adv. or
conj.y hut really the p. pr. of withstand,
with not prefixed.
Nought (nawt), n. See Naught.
a.

1.

Noun,

n.
[0. Fr., from Lat. nomen,
The name of a creature or
thing, existing in fact or in thought.
Nour'ish (nur'ish), v. t. [-ED ; -ING.]
1. To feed and cause to grow. 2. To
encourage. 3. To comfort.

name.]

NoCr'ish-er

(nur'ish-er),

Ona

n.

who, or that which, nourishes.

n.
1. Act of nour-

Nour'ish -me nt,

ishing, or state of being nourished.

That which serves to nourish.
Syx. Nutriment; food; sustenance.
Nov'EL, a. [Lat. novellus, dim. of
novus, new.] Of recent origin or introduction hence, unusual strange.
Syn.
New. Every thing at its first
occurrence is new; a thing is novel when
it is so much out of the ordinary course
of things as to strike us with surprise.
have daily new inventions, but a
novel one supposes some very peculiar
means of attaining its end.
2.

We

n.

novel.

fictitious tale in prose.

[Fr.]
small
n.
[or of novels.

Nov'el-Ist,

Nov'EL-TY,
novel

A writer

n.
n.

Quality of being

1.

newness

of a novel,

recentness.

2.

new or strange thing.

No-VEM'BER, n. [Lat., from no vein,
nothnine, it being the ninth month of

notitia; noscere,
1. Act of noting
Intelligence
in-

Syn. To perceive;

n.

2. Notice given.
3.
vertisement, citation, &c.

fying.

Wor- Nov'EL-ETTE',

(-wur'tfiy), a.

thy of observation or notice.

NOTH'ING (nath'ing or nothing), n.
[No and thing.] 1. Not any thing
no thing.
2. Non-existence
nonentity. 3.
A trifle. adv. In no
degree not at all.

wolf, TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

NO'TI-FI-CA'TION,

small article

thing.

Not'a-ble,

Note'wor-thy

or being in. the north-west.

Nor-we'gi-an,

289

nor,nal. or in

when strictly conformed to

its constitution which
It is abnormal when
it what it is.
departs from those principles.

normal

the old

Roman

year.]

month of the year.

Nov'E-NA-RY (110),a.
rius; novem, nine.]
the number nine.

The eleventh
[Lat.

novena-

Pertaining to

NO-VEN'NI-AL, a. [Lat. novennis, of

nine years novem, nine, and annus,
year] Done every ninth year.
N6v'IcE,n. [Lat. ncvicius,novitius,
new novus, new.] 1. A beginner.
2. One newly received into a church.
;

No-vPti-ate

(-vish'I-,

State of being a novice.

bationer a novice.

C, &,soft; ,&,Jiard;

95),
2.

n.

1.

pro-

AS; EIST

^asNG; THIS

NOW
adv.
[A -S.nft.]
1. At the
present time,
2. Things being as
they are.

SYS. Torpid;

v.

pid

period.

adv.
In no manner or
No'WAYS.,
degree not at all.
No'WHERE, adv. Not in any place
or state.
No'wigE adv. Not in any manner.
Nox'ious (nok'shus), a. [Lat. noxius; noxa, harm.] Productive of injury or eVil consequences baneful.
)

paralyzed; benumbed.

[-ed;-ING.] To make

t.

tor-

benumb.

to

Now and then, occasionally; atintervals. NOm'BER, n.

single unit,
Now'A-DAYg, adv. At the present
No'WAY,

NUZZLE

290

Now.

NUP'TIAL,

[L. nuplialis ; nubore.

a.
to marry.]
1. Pertaining to mar
riage done at a wedding
2 Constituting marriage.
n. pi.
Marriage
wedding.
Nurse, n. [A.-S. norice, rr. Lat. nx
trix, nurse.] One who tends a child,
or the sick one who suckles an infant not her own.
v. t.
[-ED;
-ING.] To nourish
to foster
to
suckle to tend, as a sick person.
;

[Lat. numetus.]
1. A
or two or more units. 2.

A multitude. 3. Numerousness. 4.
Poetry verse. 5. Distinction of objects, as one, or more than one.
6.
Numerical value. v.t. [-ed;-ing.]
1. To ascertain the units of.
2. To
reckon as one of a multitude. 3. To
;

amount to.
Syx. To count enumerate
;

n.
1. An apartment appropriated to the care of children. 2

NOrs'er-y,
;

calcu

late; tell.
A plantation of young trees. 3. That
Num'ber-less, a. Not admitting of
which forms and educates.
Syn. Hurtful; injurious; pernicious.
being counted innumerable.
NOrs'ling, n.
[From num and termination ling.] One who is nursed.
NoxaoOs-LYttpok'shus-), adv. Hurt- NOM'BERg, n. Fourth book of the
;

fully

pernifljwusly.

Nox'IOUS-NESgnnok/shus-),
fulness

No'YAU
Noz'ZLE
Nose

n.

Hurt-

pernimousness.
[cordial.
[Fr.]
(no^o), n.
A rich
n.
[From nose.]
any projecting vent.

(no^zl),

sjpout

Nu'CLE-ATE,

v.

t.

To gather,

-atum.]

[Lat. nucleate,
as about a nu-

Pentateuch.
NDmb'ness (nQm'-), n. Condition of
being numb.
[numbered.
Nu'mer-a-bee, a. Capable of being
NO'MER-AL, a. Pertaining to, or expressing, number.
n.
A figure or
character used to express a number.
Nu'mer-al-LY, adv. According to

number.

cleus.

[tain

number.

Nu-CLE'I-FORM, a.
[Lat. nucleus, Nu'MER-A-RY, a. Belonging to a cerNU'MER-ATE, V.
[-ED; -ING.]
Formed like a kernel.
&a(i forma.]
[Lat. numerate, -atum.]
To divide
Nu'CLE-us, n. ; Eng. pi. nu'cle-usoff and read according to the rules
E, Lat. pi. NU'LE-I.
[Lat., fr.
t.

nitcis, nut.]
1.
A kernel
hence, a central mass or point about
is gathered.
2. Centralpart of the body of a comet.
Nu-DA'TION, n. [Lat. nudatio ; nudus,
naked.]
Act of making bare.
Nude, a.
[Lat. nudus.]
1. Bare;
naked. 2. Of no force void.
Nudge, v. t. [Cf. Prov. Germ, kntit-

nux,

wnich matter

NOrt'ure
See
ing

(53), n.

[0.

NOURISH.]

1.

education

Eng. nouriture.
Act of nourish-

instruction.
2.
Food; diet.
v.t.
[-ED -ing.] 1.
To feed. 2. To bring or train up.
;

Syn. To

nourish; cherish; educate;

tend. Nourish denotes to supply with
.Saod, or cause to grow
as, to nourish a
plant, to nourish rebellion.
To nurture
;

up with
a mother

train

is to

a fostering care, like

that of
as, to nurture into
strength, to nurture in sound principles.
To cherish is to hold and treat as dear ;
cherish
as, to
hopes or affections.
;

NUT, n. [A.-S. hnutu, hnut.] 1. Fruit

n.
1. Act or art of
consisting of a shell and ker- A
v
numberirj. 2. Act or art of reading
nel.
2. A small block con- %Bl\
mfflttW
numbers, esp. by the Arabic method.
taining a concave screw.
Nu'mer-a/tor, n. The term in a
v. i.
[-TED -TING.] To Nut.
fraction which shows how many
gather nuts.
parts are taken
the number above Nu'tant, a. [Lat. nutans.] Nodding.
of numeration.

Nu'MER-a'tion,

the line in a vulgar fraction.

Nu-TA'TION, n. [Lat. nutatio, a nodNu-mr'I,
a.
Belonging to
ding.]
A vibratory motion of the
sc/ien, to squeeze, pinch.]
number; expressed
To touch Nu-MER'I-AL.
earth's axis.
by number.
gently, as with the elbow, in order
NtJT'-RACK/ER, n. An instrument
With reto call attention or convey intima- Nu-MER'I-AL-LY, adv.
for cracking nuts.
[the oak.
;

n.

spect to numbers.
Nut'-gall, n.
An excrescence of
a.
1. Being many.
2. NOt'MEG, n.
[L. Lat. nux muscata,
Rhythmical
musical.
n.
from Lat. muscus, musk.] The aroNu'MER-oiJs-LY, adv.
of being nude
In or with
matic kernel of the fruit of an East
great number.
ked part undraped portion.
Indian tree.
[Lat. nu- Nu'TRl-A, n. [Sp. nutria, luttia, lutta,
Nu'GA-TO-RY (50), a. [Lat. nugato- Nu/mis-mat'ic,
a.
w/5wa,acoin.]
nugse,
jests,
trifles.]
Trifling;
Nu'MI-mXt'I-AL,
rius ;
otter, fr. Lat. lutta.]
Fur of a rodent
Pertaining to coins or medals.
vain futile.
quadruped resembling the beaver.
Nug'Set, n. [Prob. fr. nigot, an old Nu'mis-mat'ics, n. sing. Science of Nu'TRl-MENT, n. [Lat. nutrimencoins and medals.
inversion of ingot.] A lump, espeturn.]
That -which nourishes
1.
Num/ma-RY,
cially of a precious metal.
Lat. nummularia.
food aliment. 2. That which proNui'SANCE (nutans), n. [O.'Eng. noy- NtJM/MU-LAR, us;numrnus, a coin.]
motes enlargement or improvement.
That which
Pertaining to coin or money.
Nu'tri-ment'al, a.
sance, fr. Lat. nocere.]
Having the
qualities of food
alimental.
annoys or gives trouble and vexation. NOm'skull (146), n. [From numb and
nullus,
not
any;
skull.]
dunce
a.
[Lat.
A
a
dolt.
Nu-TRp"TlON(-trIsh'un),
n.
NULL,
ne,
[L. Lat.
nutritio.]
[Coptic nane, nanu, good,
1. Act or process of pronot, and ullus, any.] Of no legal NUN, n.
to
a
void
nugatory.
A
woman
devoted
moting
growth.
2.
That
force invalid
beautiful.]
the
which
NUL/LI-FI-CA'TION, n. Act of nulreligious life, who lives in a cloister.
nourishes nutriment.
[Lat. Nu-trI'tioOs (-trismus), a.
a rendering void and of no NDn'ci-o (nun'shi-6, 95), n.
Nourlifying
ishing promoting growth.
legal effect.
nunches, messenger.] An embassador
king.
Having
the
quality
NfJL'Ll-FKER, n. One who nullifies,
an
emperor
or
Nu'tri-Tive,
a.
from _the pope to
NUN-CU'PA-TlVE .or NOn'cu-pa'of nourishing.
or holdsto a right of doing so.
[-ED; -ING, 142.]
tive, a. [From Lat. nuncupate, to Nu'tri-tIve-NESS, n. Quality of beNUL'LI-FY, V.t.
dedicate.]
ing nutritive.
[Lat. null iftear e ; nullus, none, and
1. Publicly declaratory.
Nut'shell, n. Shell in which th
2. Oral
facer e, to make.] To make void to
not written.
kernel of a nut is inclosed.
render invalid.
NUN-U'PA-TO-RY or NUN'U-PATO-RY, a. Same as NUNCUPATIVE. Nux v5m'i-A. [N. Lat., fr. nux, %
Nul'l,i-ty, n.
1. Quality of being
null or void. 2. Any thing void, or NUN'DI-NAL, a. [Lat. nundinalis, fr.
nut, and vomicus, from vomere, to
of no efficacy.
nundinse, market-day.] Pertaining
vomit.]
The poisonous seed of an
Numb (nttm), a. [0. Eng. num, dull,
to a fair, or to a market-day.
East Indian tree.
stupid A.-S. numen, taken, seized.] NtJN'NER-Y, n.
A cloister in which NtJZ'ZLE, v. t. [-ED; -TNG.] [Prob.
Enfeebled in, or destitute of, the
nuns reside.
a corruption of nestle.] To nestle.
[From nozzle.] 1. To work
power of sensation and motion.
v. i.
Syn\ See Cloister.
tion.

gentle push, as with

Nu'MER-oOs,

the elbow.

Nu'di-ty,

1.

Quality or condition
nakedness.
2. Na-

A, E, I,5,U, Y,long; I.fi.'X,

5,U,Y,

short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL; TFvM} PIQUE, FIRM SON,

;

NYMPH

OBLITERATE

291

2. To hide the head

with the nose.
to nestle.
in the mother's bosom
n.
1. A god[Gr. vv^r).]
dess of the mountains, forests, meadows, or waters. 2. A lovely girl.
;

NYMPH,

NYMPH,

An in- NYMPH-E'AN,

[See supra.]

NVM'PHA,

sect in the

pupa

state

Nymph' al,

Pertaining to, i
inhabited

nymphs

appropriate

by nymphs.

a chrysalis.
Relating to

a.

nymphs

nymphean.

Nymph'-like,
Nymph'ly,

t.

Resembling or becoming to nymphs

0.
the fifteenth letter, and the
fourth vowel, in the alphabet.
See Prim, of Pron. 19-25, 50, 51.
interj.
An exclamation used in
calling or addressing a person
also as expressive of pain grief, sur-

0(5), is

_ prise, desire, &c.

OAF,

n.

[0.

Eng. auf,

See Elf.]

1.

ish child left

another.

2.

aulf, A.-S.

A changeling
by

self.

a fool-

fairies in place of

A blockhead.

Like an oaf stupid dull.

OAK,n. [A.-S. dc] A valuable tree,
_ or its wood.

Oaf'ish,

a.

Oak'-Xp'PLE,

n.

spongy excres-

_ cence on oak leaves. &c.

OAK/.EN (58), a. Made of oak.

Oak'ling, n.
OAK'UM, n.

In an obe-

O-BE'di-ent-ly, adv.
dient manner.

O-BEI'SANCE, or O-BEI'SANCE,

bow

n.

a courtesy.

O-BEI'SANT, or 6-BEl'SANT,

[Fr.
a.
obeissant, obeying.] Reverent submissive.
Ob'e-lisk, n. [Gr. 6/3eAtovcos, dim. of 6/3eAo?,
a spit.] 1.
four-sided
pillar.
2.
referencemark [thus, f], called
also a dagger.
O-Bese', a. [Lat. obesus,
fr. prefix ob, and edere,
esum, to eat.] Excessively corpulent
fat.
0-BESE'NESS, ) n.
Ex- Obelisk.
O-bes'1-TY,
cessive
fatness.
J
;

A
A

A young oak.

[A.-S. acumba, cumba,

tow.] Old ropes untwisted and pulled
into loose hemp.
OAR, n. [A.-S. ar.] An instrument
To row.
v. i.
for rowing boats.
v.t. To impel by rowing.
OARS'MAN (150), n. One who rows.

Oar'"y, a. Having the form or use of

_ an oar.
O'a-sis, or O-A'sis, n.; pi. g'a-ses,
or o-A'SE. [Lat. oasis, Copt, ouahe,

_ ouahsoi.] A fertile place in a desert.

kiln to
Oast, n. [Cf. Gael, ath.l
dry hops or malt.
Oat, n. ; chiefly in pi. [A.-S. ata, ate.]
_ A well-known plant and its seed.
Oat'.EN (ot'n). a. 1. Pertaining to
_ oats. 2. Made of oat-meal.
Oath, n., pi. Oaths. [A.-S adh.] A
solemn or a blasphemous affirmation,
_ with an appeal to God for its truth.
Oat'-meal, n. Meal made of oats.
5b'du-ra-cy, or Ob-du'ra-^y, n.
Invincible hardness ofheart.
Ob'du-rate, or Ob-du'rate (117),
a. [Lat. obduratus.] 1. Harsh; rugged. 2. Hardened in feelings.

Callous
Syn. Hardened; callous.
denotes a deadening of the sensibilities;
Hardened imas, a callous conscience.
plies a general and settled disregard for
the claims of interest, duty, and sympaObdurate
thy; as, hardened in vice.
rises still higher, and implies an active
resistance of the heart and will against
the pleadings of compassion and humanity.

O-BEY'
[Lat.

(o-ba'), v.
obedire.]
1.

t. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
obfuscare, -calitm prefix ob and/w5make dark.] To darken ; to
[confusing.
obscure^ to confuse.
OB'FUS-eA'TlON, n. A darkening or
or
Ob'it,
n.
obitus.]
1.
O'BTT,
[Lat.
Death. 2. Funeral solemnities.
;

care, to

Pertaining to the days

of funeral solemnities.
(44), a. Relating to the
decease of a person.
n. A brief biographical notice of the death of a
person.
Ob'ject, n. 1. That with which the
mind is occupied in the act of know-

O-BIT'U-A-RY

ing.

End

aim motive final

That toward which an

2.

cause. 8.
activity is directed.

v. t.
[-ed; -ING.] [Lat.
-jectvtn ; prefix ob and jaTo present or offer
in opposition.
v. i.
To make opposition in words or argument.
0b-JEC'TION,m. 1. Act of objecting.
objicere,

2.

throw.]

Adverse reason or argument.

Ob-jeg'tion-a-ble,

a.

Justly liable

Subjective.
Syn.
Objective is applied to things which are exterior to the
mind, and objects of its attention; subjective, to the operations of the mind
itself.
Hence, an objective motive is
some outward thing awakening desire; a
subjective moflve is some internal feeling or propensity.

is

required.

ing.] Submissive to
ing to obey-

OR, do,

authority

will-

objects.

[-ED;

t.

-ING.]

ing._

OB-LATE',

[Lat. offerre, oblatus, to

a.

bring forward.] Flattened at the poles.

Ob-la'tion,
offering

[Lat.

n.

An

oblatio.]

sacrifice.

Ob'LI-GATE, V.t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

obligare, -gatum; prefix ob and ligare, to bind.] 1. To bring under
2. To bind to an act of
obligation.
Binding power

1.

of a vow, promise, oath, or law, &c.

Any act by which one becomes
bound to do something to or for another, or to forbear something. 3.

2.

A bond with a condition annexed.

Ob'li-ga-to-RY (50), a. Binding in
law_or conscience.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To
constrain by physical, moral, or legal force. 2. To do a favor to to

0-BLIGE',

accommodate.
Ob'li-gee', n. The one to whom
another is bound.
O-BLI'GING, a. Having the disposition to oblige.

Syn. Civil; complaisant; courteous;

kind.
One is kind who desires to see
others happy; one is complaisant who

make them

endeavors

to

tercourse

by

so in social incalculated to
obliging performs
actual service, or has the disposi-

some

tion to

do

Mentions

who

one

Ob'li-gor',
self,

is

so.

With civility.
One who binds himbond to another.

O-blI'ging-ly,

a<f.

n.

or gives his

0b-lique'

(ob-leek' or ob-Mk'), a.
[Lat. obliqnus.]
1. Not perpendicuslanting. 2. Indirect; obscure;

lar

Ob-lique'ness

tion.

[what

V.

Ob'du-rate -ly, orOB-DU'RATE-LY,

craft,

One who

n.

[Lat. objurgare, -gatum ; prefix ob

and jurgare, to quarrel.] To chide.
Ob'JUR-ga'tion, n. Reproof; chid-

to objections.
underhand.
0b-JET'ive, a. 1. Pertaining to an
Oblique case (Gram.), any case exc*pj>
the nominative.
object.
2. Outward
external extrinsic. 3. Designating the case which Ob-lique'ly (ob-leek'- or ob-l!k / -)
9
follows a transitive verb or a preposiadv. Not directly.

_ adv. With obstinate impenitence.

O'BE-AH, n. A species of negro witch-

O-be'di-ence, n. Compliance with

0-be'di-ent,. [Lat. obedi ens, obey-

Ob.

object.

OB-jfjR'GATE,

please;'

Ob-ject',
cere, to

an

Ob-JET'or,

duty or courtesy.
[-ED; -ING.]
To comply with Ob'li-ga'tion, n.

OB-FUS'ATE,r.

a.

2.

t.

the orders of. 2. To yield to the

impulse^ power, or operation of.

0-bit'u-al,

n.
1. The objective case.
ject-glass of a microscope.

Ob-JET'ive-ly, adv. 1. In an objective manner.

2. In the state of

wqlf, TOO,TO0&; &RN, RUE, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

<?,&,soft:

(ob-leek'- or ob-llk'-),

n. Obliquity.

Ob-liq'ui-ty (-1uVwI-),. 1. Deviation from a right line. 2. Deviation

from moral rectitude.

Ob-lIt'er-ate,
[Lat.

and

obliterare,

t.
[-ed; -ING.]
-ratum ; prefix ob

v.

litera, letter.]

1.

To erase or

G,hardj A; exist; n as

ng this
;

OBLITERATION
blot out

to efface.

2.

fulness.

Cb'LONG,

2.

Forgetful.

a.

[Lat.

oblongus;

and longus,

against,

long.]
figure

ob,

n. A
than broad.
longer than it is broad.
tJB'LONG-LY, adv. In an oblong form.
Ob'lo-QUY, n. [Lat. cbloquium ; ob-

Censorious
reproachful language.
Syn. Censure contumely; calumny; slander; detraction.

loqui, to speak against.]

speech

OB-Nox'iofis

j-nok'shus),

obnoxius.] 1. Reprehensible

worthy.
Liable

Odious

2.

blame-

hateful.

3.

1.

Grossly indelicate and disgusting.

Inauspicious. [A Latinism.]
Syn. Impure; immodest; indecent.
Ob-scene'ly, adv. Impurely un2.

chastely.

Ob-scen'i-TY, n.
presenting what

The quality of
is

1.

place

from which a view may be observed.

offensive to chas-

place for making astronomical

or other observations.
Ob-serve' (-ztrv', 14), v.t. [-ed;
[Lat. observare; prefix ob
-ING.]
and servare, to preserve, heed.] 1. To
pay attention to. 2. To regard with
3. To
to celebrate.
religious care
4. To comply
utter as a remark.
v.i.
1. To take
with; to obey.
2.

Ovate with the narrow

obscenusi]

1. Act or power
That which is ob-

2.

To make a remark.
Ob-SERV'er, 11. One who observes.
Ob-erv'ing, a. Giving particular
notice.

2.

obstrivgere.

Ob-

strictum, to bind to or about.]

ligation

bond.

Ob-strUT',

v.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

t.

obslruere, obstructvm,
1.
to pile up.]
close, as a passage.

fr.

To

ere,

2.

o6and

strtk

up or
To hinder

stop

3. To render slow.
bar; stop; check; inter-

from passing.

Syn. To

Syn. See Observance.

Ob-sErv'a-to-ry (50), n.

[Gr. 6/3o\6?.] An ancient silver coin worth about 3 cents.

0B-O'VATE,a. [Lat. oh and ovatus,

[Lat.

Taking notice
2. Adhering in

4. Observ3. A remark.
5. Act of noting some fact or
occurrence in nature.

n.

end downward.
OB-SCENE', a.

1.

ance.

a hautboy.

egg-shaped.]

a.

served.

0B'OLE,n. A weight of 10 or 12 grains.

Ob'O-lOs,

tumultuous noise.
OB-STRI'TION, n. [Lat.

ofobserving.

Ob-nox'ious-ly (-nok'shus-), adv

In an obnoxious manner.
0'bo-e,. [It. See Hautboy.] A
wind instrument sounded by means
of a reed

observation branch out from two distinct

senses of obsei~ve. 1. To observe means
to keep strictly; as, to observe the Sabbath; and hence, observance denotes the
keeping of a rule or lnw with strictness;
as, the obseri'ance of the Sabbath, &c. 2.
To observe means to consider attentively,
or remark; and hence, observation denotes either the act of observing, or
some remark made as the result thereof.

3.

attentively viewing.
practice.
OB/gER-VA'TlON, n.

exposed.

as of a passage.

Ob-STREP'er-oDs, a.
[Lat. obstrep*
erus.]
Loud clamorous noisy.
Ob-strep'er-oOs-ly, adv.
With

OB-gERV'ANT,

[Lat.

a.

Performance of
religious ceremonies, &c.
Syn. Observation. Observance and
rule of practice.

Longer
which is

opinion or purpose.

Ob-serv'a-bly, adv.
Ob-serv'anc;e, n. 1.
ing. 2. That which is to be observed

Causing forget-

1.

or ca-

[able

able,

general pardon.
a.

2. Not easily
remarksubdued or removed.
manner. Ob'sti-nate-ly, adv. Stubbornly.
[Lat. obstipare,
In an observ- Ob'STI-PA'TION, n.
to lean to one side.] A stopping up,
Act of observ-

Worthy

a.

pable of being observed

[extinction.
by time. _
Db-lit'ER-a'TION, n. Act of effacing
[Lat. oblivio.]
1.
OB-LIV'I-ON, n.
2. An amnesty, or
Forgetfulness.

Ob-liv'I-ous,

OBVERSE

292

To destroy Ob-eRV'A-BLE,

rupt; impede; retard.

Ob-stru'tion,

1. Act of obn.
structing, or state of being obstructed. 2. That which obstructs.

Obstacle.
Syn.
er than obstruction

Obstacle is strongthe latter serves tc

impede or hinder; the former acts with

direct resistance. We remove obstj-uctions; we surmount obstacles.

Ob-strUT'ive,

Hindering

a.

caus-

ing impediment.

Ob'stru-ent,

a.

Blocking up

hin-

[Lat. obstrverts, obn.

dering.
structing.] Any thing that obstructs
a passage.
[-ed
-ing.] [Lat
Ob-tain', v. t.
oblinere ; prefix ob and tenere, to
hold.] To get hold of by effort to
gain possession of to win to earn.
Syn. To attain ; procure acquire.
;

v.

i.

To become prevalent

or gen[obtained-

eral,

attention.

OB-TAIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being

OB-SES'SION (-sesh'un), n. [Lat. ob- Ob-test', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
Qb'SU-ra'tion, n. 1. Act of ob[glass.
sessio.]
A besieging.
obtestari ; prefix, ob and testari, to
obscured.
being
2.
State
of
scuring.
Ob-sid'i-an, n.
A kind of volcanic
2.
witness.] 1. To call to witness.
[-ER; -EST.] [Lat. Ob-s1d'i-o-nal, a. [Lat. obsidionaOb-SURE', a.
To beseech.
illumiImperfectly
1.
obscurus.]
Pertaining to Ob'tes-ta'tion, n. Supplication.
lis ; obsidio, a siege.]
nated. 2. Remote from observation.
/[coming obsolete. Ob-trude', i'. /. [-ed -ikg.] (Lat.
a siege.
humble. 4. Not easily O'b'so-les'cence, n. State of be3. Unknown
obtrudere ; prefix ob and trvdere, to
[-ED
-ING.] OB'SO-LES'^ENT, a.
understood. v. t.
[Lat. obsolesthrust.] To thrust or force in or upon.
To render obscure to darken to
cense _Going out of use.
Syn. To intrude. To intrude is to
make less intelligible, [ly darkly. 5b'SO-lete, a. [Lat. obsoletus.) No
thrust one's self into a place, society, &c,
dimadv.
Imperfectly
Rb-SCURE'LY,
without right, or uninvited to obtrude
longer common disused, [obsolete.
is to force one's self, remarks, opinions,
OB-SU'RI-TY, it. State or quality of Ob'so-lete'ness, n. State of being
&c, upon persons with whom one has
being obscure; unintelligibleness.
OB'STA-CLE, n. [Lat. obstaculum, fr.
no such intimacy as to justify such boldSyn. See Dakkness.
obstare, to stand before or against ]
ness.
Any thing that hinders progress obOb'se-RATE,v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.
To enter without right.
v. i.
struction.
obsecrare, -cratum ; pref. ob and saOb-trud'er, n. One who obtrudes.
a.
[Lat. obstetri- Ob-tru'ion (-zhun), n. A thrusting
crare, to declare sacred.] To beseech. Ob-stet'RI,
cius; obstetrix,
OB-SE'QTJI-OUS, a. [Lat. obseqitiosus.] OB-STET'RIC-AL,
upon"others by force or unsolicited.
obstetricis, a midwife.] Pertaining to
Servilely or meanly condescending
Ob-tru'sIve, a. Disposed to obtrude.
midwifery.
[midwifery
compliant to excess.
OB-TUSE',a. [-ER; -EST.] [Lat. obScience of
Syn. Yielding: attentive. In many Ob-stet'RIS, n. sing.
tusus.] 1. Not pointed or acute; apcases, a man may be attentive or yielding Ob'sti-na-cy, n. 1. Unyielding fixedplied to angles greater than a right
in a high degree without any sacrifice of
ness in opinion or resolution. 2. Fix2. Not having acute sensibil angle.
obsequious
his dignity; but he who is
that
will
not
yield
to
appliedness
[ner.
3. Not sharp or shrill.
Beeks to curry favor by excessive and
ity.
cation or that yields with difficulty.
mean compliance for some selfish end.
OB-TUSE'LY, adv. In an obtuse man

quality
oi
Pertinacity.
Syn.
Pertinacity de- Ob-tuse'ness, n. State or
Ob-se'QUI-ous-ly, adv. With prompt
tity or purity of mind.

corn plia nee.

Ob-se'qui-ous-ness, n.

Ready obe-

servile submission.
5b'se-quy, n. ; pi. 6b'se-quTe.

dience

A
obsequium, compliance.]
chiefly
funeral rite or solemnity
[Lat.

in the plural.
.,

e,

i,

o,

fj,

notes great firmness in holding ori to a

thing
as, pertinacity of opinion, &c.
Obstinacy is great firmness in holding
out against persuasion, attack, &c; as,
obstinacy of will. The former consists
in adherence, the latter in resistance.
;

5b'STI-NATE,
1.

a.

Pertinaciously

[lift.,

being obtuse.

OB-VERSE' (14),
See OBVERT.]

narrower than the top, as a

obstinatus.]
to an

what ere
;

[Lat.

obversus.

Having the base

leaf.

The face of a coin,

n.
having the principal image or inscription upon it.

Ob'VERSE,

adhering

Y,long; jj 1, 6, u, $, short; care, far, A%k, all,

a.

veil, sERBX-' pique, fIrm s6n.

;

;;

OBVERT
9B VERT',

V.t.
[-ED; -ing.] [Lat.
obvertere ; prefix ob and vertere to
turn.] To turn toward or downward.
OB'VI-ATE, v. t. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
o'jviare, -aturn ; ob, against, and viare, to go.]
To prevent by interception to clear the way of.
Ob'VI-a'tion, n. Act of obviating.
Ob'vi-oOs, a. Easily discovered, seen,
,

or understood.

In a manner

(3b'VI-ous-ly, adv.
that is obvious.

0-A'siON, n.
ob, and cade.re,

[Lat. occasio

; prefix
to fall.]
1. An occurrence, casualty, or incident. 2.
favorable opportunity.
3. Acci-

dental cause.
4. Incidental need;
requirement.
Syk.
See Opportunity.

v.

[-ED; -ing.]

t.

casion to

To give

oc-

to cause incidentally.

0-A'SION-AL,

a.

1.

0'HER
O'CHRE
_

Ho/ker),n. [Gr. u>xpa, from

wxpos, pale, pale yellow.]

unmatched; unusuak

strange; queer; droll; comical.

member of a
n.
certain secret society.
(3dd'I-TY, n. 1. Singularity; queer2. One who, or that which, is
ness.

Consisting of, or
O'cher-ous, a.
like, ocher.
O'GHRE-oDs,
0'HER-Y, a. Relating to, containodd.
O'chrey, } ing, or like, ocher.
6dd'ly, adv.
Og'ta-gon, n. [Gr. oKTaI

yu>vos, eight-cornered.]

Oc-tag'o-nal,

angles. _

OVta-he'dral, a
equal faces.

Ut'TA-HE'DRON,
fr.

rt.

Hav-

_
Octuo ou

Variance

2.

Ode,

[Gr.

n.

disagreement.

o>6tj, fr.

aelSeiv, to sing.]

poem, proper to be sung a lyric

poem.
Having eight
O-DE'ON, n. [Gr. wSelov.] A hall or
chamber for musical or dramatic per[Gr. bttrdeSpov,
;

_ formances.

o/craeSpos,
- sided.]
solid con-

[Lat. odiosus ; odium,

a.
1. Deserving hatred.
2.
Causing disgust. 3. Causing hate.
_ 4. Exposed to hatred.
O'DI-OIJS-LY, adv. Hatefully.
O'di-ous-ness, n. Quality of being

O'Dl-oGs,
hatred.]

tained by eight
equal and equitrian-

strangely.
State of being odd.

&

pi. [See Odd, a.]

n. sing.
inequality
superiority
Difference

Odds,

eight

Unevenly

0dd'ness,7i.

ing eight sides and eight

lateral

Occurring at

Syn. Quaint;

A variety of fine clay containing iron. uDD'-fel'low,

plane figure of eight sides

and eight angles.

See Manifest.

Syx.

OFFEND

293

Octahedron.

gles.

times, but not regular or systematic

casual incidental. 2. Produced or
made on some special event.
Oc-ca'sion-al-ly, adv.
On occasion at times.
Oc'CI-DENT,n. [Lat. occidens ; occidere, to fall or go down.]
The west.

Oc-tan'gu-lar, a. [Lat. octangulus ; _ odious hatefulness.

octo, eight, and
angulus, angle.] O'di-um, n. [Lat., from odi, to hate.]
2. Quality that
dislike.
1. Hatred
Having eight angles.
w

dVci-DENT'AL, a. Western.
0-CIP'I-TAL, a. Pertaining to the
^ back part of the head.

0-TA'VO,

OCtave,

[Lat. octavus, eighth.]

n.

Eighth day after a church festival.

2. (Mus.) (a.) The eighth tone
1.

in the scale,

The scaleitself.
[See
; pi. oc-TA'vos.
A book composed of
(b.)

n.
supra.]
1.
sheets each folded so as to make
eight leaves. 2. Size of a book thus

OVci-pOt, n. [Lat.,fr. prefix ob and

caput, head] Part of the skull formcomposed,
ing the hind part of the head. />^
Oc-TEN'iNI-AL, a.
[Lat.
Oe-CLU'siON, n. [From Lat. occh'isus,
octo, eight, and annus,
to shut up.]
state of being

Act of shutting up
shut up.

provokes hatred

offensiveness.

Syn. Hatred. Hatred

is

a thing

we

exercise; odium is a thing we endure; in

this sense, the former is active and the
speak of having a
latter passive.
hatred for a man, but not of having an

We

odium toward him. A tyrant incurs the

all good men, and, by his actions, brings upon himself the public

hatred of

odium.

octennis
year.]
1.
Happening every eightn? year.
2.
Lasting eight years.
0-TO'BER, n.
[Lat., fr. octo, eight,
the eighth month of the old Roman
The tenth month.
year.]
,

n. [Gr. 6665, way, and

measure.]
An instrument
measure distance in traveling.

O-DOM/E-TER,
IJLerpov,

to

O'DON-TAL'GI-A,

[Gr. bSovraX-

n.

OC-CULT', a.
[Lat. ocrultus, covered
yia. ; qSovs, oSoi^tos, tooth, and aXToothache.
up.] Hidden from the eye or under_yos,pain.]
standing
invisible
O'DON-TAL'GVC, 01' OD'ON-T AL'GIC
secret
unknown.
OVto-dec'1-mo, n.; pi. oc'to- _ (110), a. Relating tojhe toothache.
OVcul-TA'TION, n. The hiding of a
DEC'l-MOS. [Lat. octodecim, eight- O'DON-TOL'O-GY, Or OD'ON-TOI/Oheavenly body from sight by the ineen.']
A book composed of sheets,
GY, n. [Gr. oSov's, oSoVtos, a tooth,
tervention of some other heavenly ^ eadh fot5ed_to make eighteen leaves.
and Ao-yos, discourse.] That branch
OVto-ge-na'ri-an, n. A person _ of anatomy which treats of the teeth.
body.
OVcu-PAN-CY, n. Actof taking or
eighty years old.
O'DOR, n. [Lat.] Any smell scent.
holding possession.
[Lat. odorifer ;
[occupies. 0g-t6G'e-na-ry, or OCto-ge-na- O'DOR-IF'ER-OIJS. a.
<3'U-PANT, n. [See infra.] One who
odor, odor, im&'ferre, to bear.] GivRY, a. [Lat. octogtnarius.) Of eighty
OVcu-pa'tion, n. 1. Act of occupyyears of _age.
ing scent; fragrant; usually, sweet
;

2. State of

ing.

being occupied.

3.

The principal business of one's life.

Oc'CU-PY (54), V. t. [-ED -ING, 142.J
[Lat. occupare, fr. ob and capere, to
take.]
1. To take or hold in possession.
2. To cover or fill.
3. To employ
to use.
4. To busy;
reflexively.
5. To follow as a business.
v. i.
To follow business to
;

negotiate.

OVto-ROON',
The

[Lat. octo, eight.]

n.
offspring of a quadroon and a

white person.

_ of scent.

O'DOR-oBs,

a.

Hav-

[Lat. odorus.]

ing a sweet odor fragrant.

(EG'u-MEN're-AL,, n. See Ecumen[Over.
ical.
O'ER, prep. & adv. A contraction for
(E-s6PH'A-GUS,rc. See Esophagus.
;

0'TO-SYL-LAB'I,
\
Oc'TO-SYL-LAB'IC-AL, [
OC'TO-SYL'LA-BLE,
)
and syllaba, syllable.]

[Lat. octosyllabus ;
octo, eight,

a.

Consisting

[eight syllables. OF (ov), prep. [A.-S.] From proceed'

^ of eight syllables,
OC'TO-SYL'LA-BLE. n. A word of
ing from belonging to concei-ning.
adv. [From
OC'TU-PLE, a. [Gr. oKTaw\ovs ; oktu>, OFF. a. Most distant.
prep. Nod
eight, and ojtAoOs, single.] Eightaway from.
of.) From
:

[-red -RING.] [Lat.

Away; begone; ?'
and currere, to fold.
interj.
on.
To be found here and 0'u-LAR, a. [Lat. ocularis, oculus,
command to depart.
to appear.
eye.]
2. To meet or
Depending on, or perceived OF'FAL, n. [From off and fall.] 1.
come to the mind.
[diseases of the eyes.
Waste meat; parts rejected as unfit
^ by, the eye.
0-UR'RENCE, n. Any incident or (JC'U-LIST, n. One skilled in treating
for use. 2. Carrion. 3. Refuse rubaccidental
single
event
any
event.
ODD,
a.
[-ER;
-est.]
[W.
od.]
1.
bish.
_
O'CEAN (5'shun), n. [Gr. w<ceai/6s.]
Not paired with another alone. 2. Of-fence', n. See Offense.
The vast body of water surrounding
Left over; remaining hence, insig- Of-fend', f. t. [-ed -ING.]
[Lat.
the land or one of the smaller bodies
nificant.
3. Not divisible
by two
offendere, offensum ; prefix ob, and
into which it is divided.
without a remainder. 4. Peculiar
fender e, to thrust.] 1. To displease
D'ce-an'ic (-she-), a. Relating to the
to anunique. 5. Unsuitable or inapproprito make angry. 2. To pain
ocean.
ate.
noy. 3. To hinder in obedience.
Oc-cOr',

v.

occurrere

run.]
there

i.

ob, against,

1.

"

6r, do,

wolf, TOO, TOOK

fJRN,

rue, pull

B,

I.

o, silent

c, G, soft ; , G, hard;

AS 5 EtST

NoslfG; this.

OFFENDER
v.

1.

i.

2.

To

cause dislike or auger.

Dr-FEND'ER, n. One who offends.

Of-fense' )<156),n. 1. Actofoffend-

OF-FENCE'

An open violation

ing. 2.

of law. 3. That which offends.

State of being offended.

Qf-fen'sIve,

4.

Causing displeasure or anger. 2. Giving pain or unpleasant sensations. 3. Used in attack.

1.

Making the

4.

Syn.

a.

Displeasing

first

attack.

disagreeable; as-

sailant; invading.

n.

State or posture of one

makes attack.

who

manner.
In an offen-

[sive

Of-fen's'ive-LY, adv.

Of-FEN'sIve-ness,

Quality or
n.
condition of being offensive.
Of'fer, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat. offerre ; prefix ob unilferre, to bring.]
1. To present for acceptance or rejection. 2. To make a proposal to.
;

To attempt to undertake. 4. To
present in prayer.
5 To bid, as a
v.i. 1. To present itself.
2. To declare a willinguess.
3. To
make an attempt. ft. That which
is offered
a proposal.
3.

price.

OF'FER-ING,

n.

OVfer-to-RY,

That which
n.

1.

OMNIPARITY

294

To commit a crime.

is

offered.

An anthem

chanted, during the offering of the

mass. 2. Verses of Scripture, read
while alms are collecting.
6ff'-hand, a. & adv. Without study
or preparation.

2.

A short distance measured at

right

angles from a line actually run. 3.

A sum, account, or value set off
against another a set-off.
Off-set', or off'set, v. t. [-set
-setting.] To place over against
[off or separates.
^ to balance.
OFF'shoot, ft. That which shoots
Off'sprTng, n. A child or children
;

descendants
OFT (21), adv.

OFT'N

posterity.
[A.-S.] Often.
(Of'n, 21, 58), adv.

^ -EST.]

Frequently

0-ft'TIME. adv.

Frequei

often.

O-GEE' (o-je'), n. A niold_ ing, somewhat like an SO'GLE (o'gl), V. t.

[-ED:
;

Orcus.]

and
the
fr.

Lat.

n.
interj. An

female ogre.
exclamation expressing
oleum.']

[Lat.

ft.

ft.

[Lat. oliva.]

A tree cultivated in
the south of Europe,

various emotions.

OIL,

[Gr. oAiyapx"*;
ft.
oAtyos, few, and apx', to rule.]
_ Government by a few persons.
O'LI-O, or Ol'io, n. [Sp. olla, a dish
of boiled or stewed meat.] 1. A dish
of stewed meat. 2. A medley. 3.
A collection of various pieces.
OL'i-va'ceoCs, a. Of the color of
the olive; olive-green.

2.

It is

fruit.

its

emblem

of peace.
of

A color composed

j**''*
An imaginary monster, who ^ violet and green.
OL< LA-PO-DRl>DA,n. fi
human beings.

O/gress,

Oh,

'

1.

O'GLER, n. One who ogles.

O'GRE (o'ger), n. [Fr., hell,
_ lived on

Va
Ol'i-garch'al,

Pertainin
talD n g
!
OL'I-GARH'I,
S
\ n lt
oligarchy.
Ol'i-garchMc-al,) t0

OL'IVE,

-ING.] [Fr. Lat. ocvlus,

the eye.]
To view with
side glances.
n.
side
glance
or
look.
_

Ol'1-GA.RGH'Y,

[-Er

many

times.
OFT'EN-TIMES_ (of'n-), adv.
Frequently often many times.
;

taining to, or having the sense oV

smelling.
n. An organ of smelling.
O-lIb'a-nDm, ft. [L. Lat., from Ar.
luban, frankincense, with the Ar. article al, the, changed into ol, o.] Au
inspissated aromatic sap.
Ol'1-ga.rch, ft. One of an oligarchy.

An unctuous

v.
substance, animal or vegetable.
t.
[-ED ; -ING.] To smear or anoint

[Sp.,

a rotten pot.
1. A mixtkinds of

lit.

See Olio.1
ure of all

meat chopped

fine

[Spain.]

vegetables.

Olive-tree.

and stewed with

Any

2.

gruous mixture.

incon[years.

O-LYM'PI-AD, ft. A period of four

to
Oil'-CLOTH, n. Cloth oiled or painted O-LYM'PI-AN, a.
Pertaining
O-LYM'Pic,
OVfi'CE, n. [Lat. officium.] 1. DuOlympus
also, to
for covering floors, &c.
j
Olympia in Greece, and to the
esp. customary duty.
Quality of being oily.
ty
2. A spe- Oii/i-ness, n.
games there celebrated.
cial duty, trust, or charge, conferred Olt/Y, a. [-ER
-est, 142.] 1. Conunctu- OM'BER, n. [Fr. ombre, fr. Lat. hofor a public purpose. 3. That which
sisting of, or containing, oil
mo, man.] A game at cards,
is performed by a particular thing.
ous. 2. Like oil. 3. Fatty greasy. OM'BRE,
usually played by three persons.
4. Place in which officers transact OlNT'MENT, m.
That which serves to
O-me'ga, or O-MEG'A, ft.
business.
Apartments in
[Gr. St
5. pi.
anoint an unguent.
which domestics discharge their sev- O'KER, . See OCHER.
fxe'ya, great or long o.]
The last
eral duties. 6. (Eccl.) The service ap- O'KRA, ft.
A plant, whose pods are ^ letter of the Greek alphabet.
(JM'E-LET (colloq. om'let), .
pointed for a particular occasion.
[Fr.
O'KRO, } used for soups or pickles.
omelette ; ceufs meles, mixed eggs.]
Of'fi-o;er, n. One who holds an of- Old, a. [-ER -est.] [A.-S. aid, eald,
A
fritter
fice
a magistrate.
Admade
chiefly
eggs.
v. t.
grow
up.]
1.
of
To furalan,
to
Goth,
fr.
nish with officers.
vanced far in years or life. 2. Not O'MEN, ft. [Lat.] Sign of some future event a prognostic a presage.
OF-Fi'ciAH-iish'al), a. [See Office.]
new or fresh. 3. Formerly existing.
Pertaining to, or derived from, the
experienced. 5. Long ex- O-MEN'TUM, n. [Lat.] A meinbrana4. Skilled
ceous
covering of the bowels caul.
proper office, officer', or authority.
isting hence, worn out decayed. 6.
^
ft.
An officer.
Aged antiquated hence, bad mean. Om'I-noOs, a. 1. Pertaining to an
Of-FI'CIAL-LY (-fisb/al-), adv.
omen. 2. Containing an omen ausBy Old'.en (old'n), a Old; ancient.
picious also, inauspicious.
the proper officer or authority.
Formed acOld'-FASh'ioNjED. a.
OF-Fl'CI-ATE (-fish/i-), v. i.' [-ED;
cording to obsolete fashion or custom. 0-M'l-Noris-LY, adv. In an ominous
manner.
-ING.] To perform the duties of an Old'ISH, a. Somewhat old.
O-MIS'SION (-mlsh/un), n. [Lat. omisoffice.
Old'NESS, ft. State of being old.
sio.] 1. Neglect or failure to do someOf-fic'i-nal, or OVfi-ci'nal, a. O'LE-AG'I-NOtrs, a. [Lat. oleaginus;
unctuous
thing required.
2. That which is
[Lat. officina, a workshop.] 1. Used
Oily
olea, olive.]
omitted.
in a shop, or belonging to it. 2. Ap- 0'LE-XN'DER,n. [L. Lat. lorandrum,
proved by a college of medicine.
corrupted, from Gr. poSoSevSpov, lit., 0-MlT', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. omittere, omissum.]
tc
Of-FI'CIOOs (-fish/us), a. [See Of1. To leave out
rose-tree.]
A beautiful evergreen
drop. 2. To neglect.
FICE.] 1. Excessively forward in
flowering shrub.
*
kindness.
[Lat. olea, olive- OM'ni-bus, ft. [Lat., for all.] A large
2. Intermeddling in af- O'le-as'ter, ft.
four-wheeled carriage, for carrying
fairs in which one has no concern.
tree.^ A shrub resembling the olive.
O'le-fi'ANT, a. [Lat. oleum, oil, and ^ many people.
Syn. Impertinent; meddlesome.
facere, to make.] Forming or pro- Cm/ni-FA/RI-oGs, a. [Lat. omnifariDf-fI'cioOs-ly (-fisb/us-lj?-), adv. In
us; omnis, all.]
Of all varietiee,
ducing oil
applied to a gas.
an officious manner.
forms, or kinds.
f-fi'cio&s-ness
(-fTsh'us-),
. O'LE-O-MAR'GA-kine, n. [Lat. oleum,
Om-nif'I, a.
oil, and Eng margarine, the pearly
[Lat. o mn is, all, and
Kindness undue forwardness.
solid portion of oils and fats.] Arfacere, to make.] All-creating.
Off'ing, n. [From off.] The sea at
Oivi'Nl-FORM, a.
[Lat. omnrformis:
tificial butter made chiefly from ana good distance from the shore, or
omnis, all, and forma, form.] Havimal fat.
where there is deep water,
[matter.
ing every form.
[Lat. olfacere,
5ff'SOUR-ing, n. Refuse; rejected Ol-fac'tO-ry, a.
Off'SET, n. 1. A sprout or a shoot.
-factum, from olere, to smell.] Per- Om'ni-par'i-ty, i. [Lat. fr. omnis.
with

oil.

A, e,

I,

o,v,Y, long; A,

,l',o,tJ, 1t,short;

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, T^EMj pique, fIrm; s6n.

OMNIPOTENCE
Attack

omnipotent

who

hence, one

ON-TOL'O-GY,

exist, and Aoyo?, discourse.]

Science which explains the nature

which

om-

is

nipotent.

_and relations of all beings, as such.

O'NUS, n. [Lat.] The burden.

omnipo-

[Lat.

a.

tens; omnis, all, and poiens, potent.]

allPossessing unlimited power;
powerful.
Presence in
Om'ni-pres'ence, n.
every place at the same time.

Ojvp'ni-pres'ent,

a. [Lat.

omnis,

ON'WARD, a.
2.

1.

brought about by a definite plan. 4.

Action of the hand, or with instruments, on the human body.
Syx. Agency; work; process; effort.
n. 1. Having the pow-

Op'er-A-tive,

2. Efficient in work
a. A laboring man.
^ efficacious.
OP'ER-A/TOR, n. One who operates.
adv. For- OP'ER-OSE' (125), a. [Lat. operosus

er of acting.

Increased; improved.
;

Chalcedony consisting of parallel lay-

Laborious

^ opus, work.]

mud

[Lat.

a.

Ooz'Y,

2. Soft

Soft
spring.

1.

flow

a. Miry soft and muddy.

6-PAC'l-T Y, n. State of being opaque

knowing.]

Having knowledge of all things.

Syw. All-knowing

or slime.

[Gr. cxJu'Siov, dim. of

wos, juice, ooze, broth.]

;

tedious.

5ph'I-LEIDE, n.
[Gr. 60ts, a serpent, and /cAeis, a key.] A large
brass wind instrument.

ers of different shades.

and prsesens, present.] Present in all
Ooze, im'. [-ed -ing.] To flow O-PHID'I-AN. n.
places at the same time.
Om-nis'cience (-nish'ens), n. Qual- "gently; to percolate.
[A.-S.
n.
6$is, serpent.]
ity of being omniscient.
Om-nis'cient (-nlsb/ent),
omnis, all, and sciens,

Advanced advancing.

_ ward progressively in advance.

O'NYX, a. [Gr. 6w, lit., a finger-nail.]

a\\,

OPPORTUNITY

onslagan, to strike or dash against.]

onset assault.
n.
[Gr. bvra, things

and paritas, equality.] General

equality.
State of being
n.

all,

295

Om-nip'O-tence,

Om-nip'o-tent,

An

animal of the

_ group of snakes.

O'PHI-Sl'o-gy, n. [Gr. Sc/uv, serpent,

and Aoyos. discourse.] That part of
natural history which treats of ser-

want of transparency.
[Ophthalmv.
pents.
O-pake', a. See Opaque.
Oph-thal'MI-a (of- or op-), n. See
Om'ni-Dm, n. [Lat., of all.] Average O'PAL, n. [Lat. opalus, fr. Skr. upula, Oph-thal'mI (of- or op-), a. Pertaiua stone.]
A silicious mineral of ing to the eye.
value of the different stocks in which
a loan to government is funded.
_ changeable colors.
(3PH/THAL-MY (of- or op'-), n. [Gr.
Om-niv'o-roBs, a. [Lat. omnivorus; O/PAL-ES'CENCE, n. A milky reflecb(j)9aKfj.ia fr. 6(p0a.\p.6s the eye.] An
omnis, all, and vorare, to devour.] _ tion from the interior of a mineral.
_ inflammation of the coats of the eye.
Eating every thing indiscriminately. O/pal-es'cent, a. Reflecting a milky 0'PI-ATE,n. [See OPIUM.] Any medi[opal.
On, prep. [A.-S.] 1. In contact with _ or pearly light.
cine that contains opium
a narPertaining to, or like,
the^ upper part of a thing, and sup- O'PAJL-iNE, a.
cotic.
a.
1. Inducing sleep.
2.
2. To the upper sur- 0-PAQUE' (-pf.k/), a..
ported by it.
[Lat. opacus.]
Hence, causing rest or inaction.
Impervious to light not transpaface of.
3. Upon;
by means of;
Syn". Soporific; somniferous.
with. 4. Besides. 5. At or near. 6.
rent,
[being opaque.
O-pine', v. i.
[-id; -ing.] [Lat.
In dependence upon. 7. At the time O-PAQUE 'ness (-pak'-), n. Quality of
opinari.]
To think to suppose.
To open. [Poet.]
of. 8.. To the account of. 9. In conse- OPE,v.Z. &t.
O-PIN'ION (-yun), n. [Lat. opinio.]
quence of. 10. In relation to. adv. O'P-EN (5'pn, 20), a.
[A.-S.]
1. Not
1. A conviction of the truth of some
shut up; not closed.
1. Forward. 2. In succession. 3. With2. Not pristatement founded on a low degree
vate public. 3. Expanded. 4. Without interruption. 4. With adherence.
of probable evidence. 2. Formal deO'NAN-ISM, n. Self-pollution.
out reserve.
5. Not concealed or
cision of a judge, &c.
secret.
ONCE (wunss), adv. [0. Eng. ones, fr.
6. Not frozen up
not cold
Syk. Notion; persuasion; idea; view;
one.} 1. On one occasion. 2. Formeror frosty. 7. Not settled or adjusted.
estimate.
8.
Not deaf; listening. 9. Spoken O-pI'n'ion-a/ted,
ly
in time past.
Obstinate
without closing the mouth.
ONE (wlin), a. [A.-S. an, din.] 1.
t.
v.
opinion.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To make open to O-pin'ion-a-tIve,
Single individual.
2. Denoting a
Unduly ata.
unclose ; to unlock. 2. To bring to
person indefinitely. 3. Pointing out
tached to one's own opinions.
view to exhibit to explain to dis- O-PIN'ION-'IST,
a contrast. 4. Undivided united.
n.
One unduly atTo
close.
3.
speak
without
a common.
reserve.
5. The same
tached to his own opinions.
4. To begin; to commence.
O-NET'RO-CRIT'ie,
a.
[Gr. 6veiv. i.
O'PI-UM, n. [Lat.] Inspissated juice
O-NEI'RO-eRIT'ie-AL,
To unclose. 2. To begin to appoKpiruco?,
of the poppy.
3. To commence
to begin.
fr. oveipos, dream, and Kptrt/cos, critJ.ear.
O/po-DEL'Doe, n.
[An unmeaning
ical.]
Generous libPertaining to the interpreta- O'P-EN-HANlVEDja.
word.] A saponaceous camphorated
all-discerning;
all-searching; all-seeing; all-beholding.
;

tion of dreams.

One'ness (wuu'nes,
ness

individuality

unity.
CN'ER-A-RY,'t. [Lat. onerarius; onus,
oneris, load.]
Fitted or intended for
burdens.
[densome; oppressive.
Cn'er-OL'S. a. [Lat. onerosus.] Bur;

Limited to
-), a.
one side partial; unfair.
ON'IO.V (Gn'yun), n.
[Lat. unio, a
kind of single onion, fr. units, one.]
A plant, and its edible bulbous root.
;

Alone in

adv.

Eng.

[0.

oneli/,

One alone

i.

e.,

single.

name, and

fr.

(-p3'ya), n.

[Gr.

a
Corre-

6i/0|ua, o^o/aa/ros,

fip'ER-AT'ie,

the thing signified.

OP'ER-XtM-al,

On'set,

n.

to

[From on and

set.']

OK, Dp,

SOOIi.}

ef-

Pertaining to,
or appropriate to,

a.

the opera.

OVer-a'tion,

WOLF, TOO,

2.

tinue in operation.

esp., the assault of a

body of troops on an enemy or a fort.
5n'slaught (on'slawt), n.
[A.-S.

violent attack

com-

3.

make.]
spondence of the sound of a word to
7ro<.eii/,

Public-

To exert an influence. 4.
To perform some manual act upon a
human body. v.t. 1. To cause;
to occasion. 2. To put into or to con-

ovoixaronoua,

fect.

3.

On'o-mat'o-Pce'ia

without secrecy.

1.

produce an appropriate physical

2.

Pre-eminent.
Solely; singlv merely.
its class.

Beginning

2.

Plainly.
OP'ER-A, n. [Lat. opera, pains, work.]
A musical drama consisting of airs,
choruses, recitations, &c.
OP'ER-ATE, V. i. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
operari, -ratus, from opus, work.] 1.
To exert power or strength. 2. To

w ly

One'-sId'ed (wan

(20), a.
one-like ] 1.

an aperture.
mencement.

0'P.EN-L,Y (o'pn-ly), adv.

On'ly

[generous.

eral.

0'P-EN-heart'ed, a. Candid frank

0'PN-iNG(o pn-ing),n. 1. A breach

Single-

109), n.

of operating
I

n.

1.

exertion of power.

Method of working.

URN, rue, PULL; E,

I,

Act or process
3.

An

2.

effect

O, silent; 9, G,soft;

liniment.

O-POS'SUM, n. [Indian.
A marsupial quadrupedfound in America.

Op-po'nent,

[Lat.

a.

opponens, opposing.]
1. Adverse
antagonistic.
2. Situated in
front; opposite.
n.
One who opposes, es;

pecially in a disputation,
verbal controversy.

OP'POR-TUNE'
tunus,

lit.

(53'), a.
[Lat. opporat or before the port.]

Recurring or furnished at a needed

or suitable occasion.
Timely
Syk.
seasonable

well-

timed.

Op/poR-TUNE'LY, adv. Seasonably.

OP/POR-TUNE'NESS (109), n. Quality
or condition of being opportune.
n.
Fit or convenient time.
Syx.
Occasion
convenience
oc-

OP/POR-TU'NI-TY,

currence.

An

occasion

c,g, hard; Ag) Exist

is

as

that

which

NO this
;

OPPOSE

296

ORDERLY

in our way, or presents itself in the

course of events; an opportunity is a convenience or fitness of time, place, &c,
for the doing of a thing. Hence, opportunities often spring out of occasions.
"We may have occasion to meet a person
frequently without getting an opportunity to converse with him.

OP'TIS, n. sing. Science which treats

of the nature and properties of light.
Op'ti-ma-cy, n. Nobility peerage.

Or'A-TO'RI-al, la.
Belonging or
Or'a-tor'ic-AL,
pertaining to an

Calls

0p-POe',

v.

t.

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat.

opponere, opposition, 'ir. ob, against,

and ponere, to put.] 1. To set opposite.
2. To put in opposition, with
a view to hinder or defeat, &c. 3.
To resist. 4. To compete with.
Syn. To combat; withstand; contravene; check; obstruct.
Op-pos'er, n. One who opposes.
(JP'PO-giTE, a. [Lat. oppositus.] 1.
Situated in front; facing.
2. Hostile; adverse.
3. Inconsistent.
n.
1. One who opposes.
2. That which
is contrary.
0p'PO-2'iTE-LY(-zit-), adv. 1. In a
situation to face each other. 2. Ad-

[Lat. optirnas, optimatis, fr. optimus, the best.]

no-

^ blemanj a chief man.

CVp'ti-me, n. [Lat. optimus, the best.]
One who stands fn the second rank
of honors, in Cambridge. Eng.
Op'TI-mIsm, n.
[Lat. optimus, the
best.] The doctrine that everything
is

for the best.

One who holds that

events are ordered for the best.

OP'TI-MIST, n.
all

OP'TION,

[Lat. optio, from optare,

n.
to choose.] Power, or right of choice,
or exercise of the power election
;

preference.

Choice. We

Syn.

speak of option

in respect to freedom or opportunity of

choosing, while choice is an actof the will
itself.
leave a thing to a man's option, and he makes his choice.

We

administration. 5. Situation of two

heavenly bodies 180 apart.
(-zlsh'un-), n.

One

of an^opposing party.
OP-Pos'l-T'iVE, a.
Capable of being
put in opposition.
OP-rRESS', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
opprimere, oppression; prefix ob,
against, and premere, to press.]
1.

To press or treat severely, cruelly, or

unjustly. 2. To sit or lie heavy on.

5r'a-t6r'ic-al-ly, a(/r. In a rhetorical manner.

OVa-TO'RI-O, n
[It., from Lat. ora.

torius, belonging to praying.]

kind
of sacred drama set to music.
OR'A-TO-RY, n. [Lat. oratoria {no.
ars), the oratorical art.]
1. Art of
effective public speaking. 2. Achapei
[sphere.
^ for private devotions.

ORB,

A round body a
Having the form
round circular.
Or-BI'u-LAR, a. [Lat. orbicularis ; orbis, orb.] Having the form of an orb.
Syn. Round
circular; orbicular;

conj.

[Contr.

fr.

of an orb

gan god,

to

an inquiry

also, the

deity who was supposed to give the

answer, and also the place where it
was given. 2. An angel a prophet
hence, also, any very wise person. 3.
A wise sentence or decision.
;

spherical; globular.

OR-Bl''u-EATE, a. Being in the form

A of an orb.
ORB'IT, n. [Lat. orbita, a track made
by a wheel, circuit.] 1. The path
described by a heavenly body. 2.

which the eye

^ Cavity in

ORB'IT-AL,
OR'CllARD,

situated.

is

a.

Pertaiuing to an orbit.

n.

[A.-S. ortgeard,u-yrt-

geard, i. e., wortyard.] An inclosure

for, or an assemblage of, fruit trees.

A.-S. adher, txdh-

one of two.]
A connective that
marks an alternative.
Or'a-cle, n. [Lat. oracuhtm, from
orare, to speak.]
1. Answer of a paor,

n. [Lat. orbis.]
(orbd), a.

0rBD

6r,

n.

versely.
OP'TION-AL, a. Left to one's choice
OVpo-s-i'tion (-zTsh'un), n. 1. Situ^ depending on choice.
ation so as to front something else.
OP'U-LENCE, n. Wealth; riches.
2. Act of opposing
resistance.
3.
OP'U-LENT, a. [Lat. optdentus, from
That which opposes an obstacle. 4.
ops, opis, power, wealth.] Wealthy
The party that opposes the existing
rich; affluent.

OVpo-sY'tion-ist

orator, or to oratory oratorical.

Syn.
Rhetorical; eloquent; flowery.

OP'TI-MATE,

Or'chard-ist,
A

n.

One who

cultivates

orchards.

OR'HES-TRA, or OR-HES'TRA

n.

[Gr. bpxrio-Tpa, orig. the place for the

chorus of dancers.]
1. Space in a
theatre for the musicians. 2. A band
of instrumental musicians.

OR'GHES-TRAL
taining to

(or'kes-tral), a.
Per[ing plant.

an orchestra,

Act 0-RA'u-lar, a. 1. Uttering oracles. OR'His (or'kis), n. [Lat.] A flowerOR-DAIN', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. orof oppressing. 2. State of being opauthorita2. Resembling an oracle
pressed. 3. That which oppresses.
dinare, fr. ordo, order.] 1. To regu_ tive; ambiguous.

OP-PRES'siONf-preWun),

n.

1.

4.

sense of heaviness or weight.

Op-PRESS'XVE,
burdensome.

1. Unreasonably
Proceeding from a
design to oppress. 3. Overwhelming.

Syn.

a.
2.

Cruel; severe; tyrannical.

OP-PRESS'lvE-T,Y,'/r.

O'RAL

(87),

a.

[Lat.

os,

oris,

the

mouth.] Pertaining to the mouth

spoken, not written.

O'RAL-LY, adv.

By mouth.

OR'ANGE

In a manner

to oppress.

[being oppressive.
n.
Quality of
Op-PR,ess'or, n. One who oppresses.

Op-press'ive-ness,

(oVenj), n.
[Ar.
Per. narandj
or narang.]
A tree,

Op'ta-tIve,o.

),

n.

[poses.

One who

[Lat. optativus.]

op-

Ex-

pressing desire or wish.

Op'TI, n.
Op'TI,

An

eye.
a.
[Gr. otttikos, fr. the
1.
OVtio-AL,
root 07T, to see.]
Pertaining to sight, or the organ of
sight.
2. Relating to optics.
Op-t'i'cian (-tish'an), n.
One who
deals in optical instruments.
I

Customary mode of procedure.

Regular government
quillity.
7.

A, E,T, 5,

{J,

6.

direction, in

writing,

to

pay

A number

of things or
persons arranged in a fixed or suitable place or position.
9. Rank of
deacon, priest, or bishop;
often in
the pi.
10. A method of constructing and ornamenting the columns of
8.

an edifice.
v.t. [-ed;-ing.] 1. To
put in order to systematize. 2. To
manage; to conduct. 3. To command.
Syn. To regulate adjust; direct.
To give command ordirecv.i.

oratio, fr. orare, to

Syn. Harangue;
address; speech; discourse.

^ tion.

Or'der-less,
^ regularity

Orang-outang
tinguished for eloquent speech.

Y,long; A, ,*, 6, u, , short; care, far, ask, all,

money.

4.

general tranregulation a standInjunction command.

5.

ing rule.

speak, pray.]
An
elaborate discourse,
delivered in public.

5R'A-TOR,n. 1. One
who delivers an oration. 2. One dis-

Severe scru-

1. Regular
methodical arrangement.
2.
Proper condition normal state. 3.

',

ing; opposition; resistance,

2.

[Lat. ordo.]

v.

or

OP-PUGN'ER (-pun 7

judgment, just judgment.] 1. An

ancient form of trial to determine

OR'der,

yellow fruit.
OR'ANGE-ADE'
(5Venj-), n.
A drink
^ made of orange-juice.
its

Op-PRO'bki-ous, a. 1. Reproachful
and contemptuous scurrilous. 2.
Rendered hateful.
OR'AN-GER-Y, 72.
A
Op-PRO'bri-ous-ly, adv. In an opplantation of orangeprobious manner.
trees.
Op-PRO'bri-um, n. [Lat. fr. pref. ob O-RANG'-OU-TANG',
imdprobrum, reproach.] Reproach
orang titan, i. e.,
mingled with contempt or disdain.
man of the woods.]
OP-PUGN' (-pan'), v. t. [-ED -ING.]
A large monkey, in
[Lat. oppugnare, fr. ob, against, and
many respects closepugnare, to fight.] To fight against.
ly resembling man.
Op-pug'nan-cy, n. Act of oppugn- O-RA'TION, n. [Lat.
;

guilt or innocence.

&

and

to establish.
2. To appoint to
3. To pet apart for an office.
^ decree.
UR'DE-AL, n. [A.-S. ordal, ordsel, a
late

a.

Without order

ular; systematic.

what; ere,

VF.IL,

or

disorderly.

OR'DER-EI-NESS, n. Regularity.
6r'der-ly, a. 1. Methodical;
2.

reg-

Observant of

tkm; pique, fIrm; son

ORDINAL
order

commissioned
^

superior

who

officer

attends a

officer.

UR'DI-NAL,

[Lat. ordinalis ; ordo,

ordrnis, order.]
Indicating the esto.
tablished order.
1.
number
book containing
noting order. 2.
a service for the ordination of deaa.

cons, &c.

or'di-nance,

Ordain.]

[See

to.

An

1.

ordaining by authority appointment. 2. A rule established by au;

^ thority.

An

3.

established

OR'DI-NA-RI-LY, adv.

rite.

According to

hence, usually.
OR'di-na-ry (44), a. [Lat. ordinarius.]
1.
According to established
order. 2. t)f common rank. 3. Common usual. 4. Plain not handsome.
S-TK.
Normal
common usual
customary.
A thing is common in
^ established rules

ORTHOEPICAL

297

quiet
peaceable.
3. 'Wellregulated. 4. Being on duty.
adv.
According to due order.- n. A non;

which many persons share or partake;

range or constitute in parts, each

[stands.
^ having a special function.
5r'gan-loft, n. Loft where an organ

Or'gan-og'ra-phy,
vov, an organ, and

[Gr. opyato.
ypafaiv, to dedescription of the organs
of plants or animals.
OR'GAN-zi'NE' (110), n. Silk of very
^ fine texture, twisted like a rope.
OR'GASM, n. [Gr. 6pyao>i6s,fr. opyai/,
to swell.]
Immoderate excitement.
Or gea t (or'zhat or or'zha), to. [Fr.
orge, barley.]
A liquor extracted

scribe.]

^ from barley and sweet almonds.

OR'GIES (or'jiz), n. pi. [Gr. opyta.]
Drunken revelry nocturnal carou-

O'RI-EL,, n.

hall.]

[L. Lat. oriolum, portico,

large bay or recessed win-

to.

1.

judicial

officer.

ordinatus.]

[Lat.

a.

2.

O'RI-ENT,

a. [Lat. oriens.]
sun. 2. Eastern.

as the
_ shining.

n.

The

East.

O'RI-ENT'AL,

oriri,

[Lat. ordinatio.]

1. Act of ordaining.
2. State of
^ being ordained or appointed.

ORD'NANCE,
^

[From ordinance.]

to.

Heavy weapons of warfare

artillery.

UR'don-nasce,

to. [Fr.] (Fine Arts.)

^ Disposition of the parts.
ORD'ure, n. [From Lat. h^rridus,
_ horrid.] Dung excrements.

to.

[A.-S. Or, ore.]

of a metal

by which

O're-ad
6r'GAN,

Compound

n.

A mountain nymph.
[Gr. bpyavov.] 1. An in-

strument of action or motion.

2.

(Mus.)
An instrument filled with wind from
a bellows, and played upon by keys.
OR'GAN-DIE, to. A light muslin or
6r'gan-d?, j cotton fabric.
) a.
OR-GAN'l.
1. Pertaining to,
OR-GAN're-Ali,
or consisting of,
organs, or containing them. 2. ProI

duced by the organs.

3.

Instru-

^ mental.

OR'gan-Tsm,

n.

An

organic struct-

an organized being.
[organ.
OR'gan-Ist, to. One who plays on the
OR'GAN-I-ZA'TION, n. 1. Act of organizing. 2. State of being organized
the relations included in such
a
state.
3. An organism.
A
Or'gan-ize, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] 1.
To furnish with organs. 2. To ar^ ure;

First;

primitive; pristine; in-

ventive; peculiar.

O-RlG'i-NAL'l-TY, n.

Quality or state

of being original.
O-RIG'J-NAL-LY, adv.

O-RIG'I-NATE,
give an origin

v.

t.

to

[first.

Primarily at
[-ED -ING.] To
bring into exist;

to

ence.
v. i. To begin to exist or act.
O-RIG'I-jNTA'TION, to. 1. Abringingor
coming into existence. 2. Mode of
production.
[nates.

0-RIG_T-NA'TOR, n. One who origiO'RI-OLE, n. [0. Fr. oriol, from Lat.

aureolus, golden.] A bird of several
species, allied to the thrushes.
A large and bright con-

O-Rl'ON, n.

stellation.

OR.DQjWQLF, TOO, TOT&K;

its

Origin; source.
class
archetype.

The

Syn.

3.

fc

1.

properties are disguised.

(87), n: [Gr. 'Opeuis, fr. opos,
its

medium of communication.

precise language employed by

a writer. 4. A person of marked
[Cotton.] 5. Also, one
peculiarity.
who has new and striking ideas. a.
1. Pertaining to the origin.
2. Preceding all others. 3. Not translated.
4. Having the power to suggest new
thoughts or combinations of thought.
3.

and some other substance

^ mountain.]

Source.

commencementof a thing;

O-RIG'I-NAIi, n.
2. The first of

ORE,

any
any

Origin denotes the

source
presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing forth in a continuous stream
of influences. The origin of .moral evil
has been much disputed, but no one can
doubt that it is the source of most of the
calamities of our race.
rise or

n.

Syn.

^ abscissas.

OR'DI-NA'TION,

[Lat. origo, originis, fr.

to rise.] 1. Beginning of
thing.
2. That from which
thing primarily proceeds.

Regular methodical.
n. Distance
of any point in a curve measured on
a line called the aids of ordinate*,
from another line called the axis of
;

embellishments.
Syn. To adorn

decorate; beautify.

5r'I-son,to.

[0. Fr., fr. Lat. orare,

^ to pray.]

Or'LOP,

[D. overloop.

fJRN, rjje,

embellish decks
See Adom.
;

OR'na-ment'AL, a. Serving to
A nam en t embellishing.
OR'NA-MEN-TA'TION, n. 1. Act

or-

of

ornamenting, or state of being orna2. That which ornaments.

PULL;

n.

JB, /,

prayer or supplication.
upper deck,

o. silent

OR'NATE,a.

[Lat. ornatus.]

Adorned;

^ decorated.

[ner.

6r'nate-ly, adv. In an ornate man1. Rising, Or-nlth'ich-nite (49), n.

[Gr. op3. Bright;
vis, 6pi/i0os, bird, and tx^os, track.]
The foot-mark of a bird, occurring

_ dow.

OR'I-GIN, n.

ordinaii/when it is apt to come round in the

orderly or regular succession of events;
as, the ordinary course.
is

^ mented.

sals.

6r'di-nate,

thing

ornare, to adorn.] Embellishment;

[-ed
-ING.]
decoration.
v. t.
To make beautiful or furnish with

diuing-room where there is a fixed

price; also, the meal at such a dining-room. 3. A place where ships
are in actual service, but laid up under the charge of officers. 4. A por^ tion of an escutcheon between lines.

practice.

^ riety of brass made to resemble gold.

OR'NA-MENT, n. [Lat. ornamentum;

Pertaining to, proa.

ceeding from, or situated in, the east.
n. A native of the East.
_
O'ri-ent'al-ism, n. Any system or
_ doctrine peculiar to orientalists.
O'RI-ENT'AL-IST, n. 1. An inhabitant of the East. 2. One versed in
w eastern literature.
OR'I-FI^E, n.
[Lat. orificium; os,
oris, a mouth and facere, to make.]
Mouth of a tube, &c.

common

as, a

The
from overloopen, to run over.]
a deck on which the cables are stowed.
OR'MO-LU', n. [Fr. or moulu, fr. or,
A vagold, and moulu, ground.]

c, G, soft;

^ in strata of stone.

OE'Nl-THO-LOG'ie,
OR'Ni-THO-LoG're-AL,
^ nithology.

Or'ni-thol/o-gist,
Or'ni-thol'o-gy, to.

Pertainj a.
ing to orj
[in ornithology.
One skilled
to.
[Gr. opvts, 6p-

vi0os, bird, and Aoyos, discourse.]

That branch of natural science which

treats of the form, structure, and

habits of birds.
to.
[Gr. opos, mountain,
discourse.]
Science or
_ description of mountains.
O'RO-TUND' (HO), a. [Lat. os, oris,

O-ROl/O-GY,
and Aoyos,

mouth, and rotundus, round.] Charby fullness, clearness,

and smoothness.

acterized
^ strength,

OR'PHAN,

[Gr. 6p<avos.]

n.
^ bereaved of

child

both father and mother.

ur'phan-age,

State of being

( to.

6r'phan-im, j^ orphan.
Or-phe'an, or Or'phe-an

an
a.

(124),

Pertaining to Orpheus, a poet,

who

is

have moved inanimate bodies

A by the music of his lyre.
Or'phic, a. Pertaining to Orpheus.
Sr'PI-MENT, n.
[Lat. auripigmenlum; aurum, gold, and pigmentum,
said to

pigment.]
Trisulphide of arsenic,
occurring in crystals of a lemon^ yellow color.

OR'RE-RY,

[Named

to.

in compliment

to the Earl of Orrery.]

An apparatus to illustrate the relative size,
^ orbits, &c, of the planets.

OR'Ris,
A

to.

plant

[Prob. corrupted

fr. Iris.]

flower-de-luce.
a.
[Gr. op066o|o?
06s, right, and Sofa, opinion.]
Sound in the Christian faith;
;

Or'THO-Dox,

6p1.

op*

posed to heretical.

According with

2.

the doctrines of Scripture.

OR'tho-dox'LY, adv.

With sound-

A ness of faith.

OR'THO-DOX'Y,
faith.

2.

Soundness of
Consonance to genuine
n.

1.

scriptural doctrines.

Sr'tho-drom'ics,

to. sing.
[Gr. 6pBoSponos, running straight forward.]
^ Art of sailing in a direct course.
OR'THO-EP'ie,
ia. Pertaining to

Or'tho-ep'IG-al,

v,&,hard; Asj EglST

orthoepy.

as

ng; this

ORTHOEPIST
OR'THO-E-PlST,

One

n.

OUTGENERAL

298
and facere,

skilled in or-

A thoepy.

make.] Ilaving power

to

to ossify.

OR'THO-E-PY, n. [Gr. bpQoeneia

66s, right, and eVos, a word.] A
rect pronunciation of words.
Or-thog'ra-pher, n.
One
A spells words correctly.

6pcor-

5s'Sl-Fl-A'TlON, n.
Change into a
bony substance.
Os'si-fy, v. t. [-ed -ing, 142.] [Lat.
os, ossis, bone, and facere, to make.]
To change from a soft animal sub;

who

C)R'THO-GRAPH'I,
(a. Pertaining to orCJR/THO-GRAPH'IC-AL, j

stance into bone.

bone or bony.

Os-siv'o-ROUS,

thography.

v.

a.

To become

i.

[Lat.

os,

ossis,

bone, and voraie, to devour.] FeedOr'THO-GRAPH'IC-AL-LY, ac/u. In

an orthographical manner.
^ ing on bones.
OR-thog'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. bpGoypa- OS'SU-A-RY (-sh)j-a-, 95), n. [Lat. ossuarium ; os. ossis, bone.]
A place
fyla. ; 6p06s, right, and ypafyeiv, to
where the bones of the dead are de1.
The writing of words
write.]

with the proper letters

spelling.

OR'TIVE,

posited.

2.

The part of grammar which treats of

this subject.
3. Delineation of an
object by lines and angles corresponding to those of the object.
Or-thop'e-dy, n.
[Gr.
6p06s,
straight, and 7rais, iraiSos, child.]
Art of curing the deformities of chil
dreu.
[Gr. 6p06s,
Or-thop'ter-oDs, a.
straight, and nrepov, feather, wing.]
'
Having wing-covers of a uniform
texture, that generally overlap at the
top when shut.
[Lat. ortivus, fr. oriri,
ortus, to rise.] Relating to the rising,
as of a star eastern.
[Lat. hortulanus, fr.
Or'to-lan, n.
hortulus, dim. of /tortus, garden.]
small singing bird, with black wings.
Os'CIL-LATE,^. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
a.

n. (150)
1.
A Turk.
stuffed seat without a back.
n.
[L. Lat. nusca, nochia,
clasp, necklace.] A bezel, or socket,
a in wfhich a gem is set.
(awt), n
See AUGHT.
f.
imperfect.
[Orig. the preterit tense
of the verb to owe. It is used in all
persons, both in the present and past
tenses.]
Is fit, proper, or necessary
to

Turkey.

2.

OUCH,

Ought

used

impersonally.
Should.
Both ovght and
should imply obligation, but ovght is the
stronger. Should denotes an obligation
of propriety, expedieney, &e. oufffit denotes an obligation of duty. We' should
be neat in our persons we should avoid
giving offense. We ouaht. to speak truth;
we ourjht to obey the laws.

Syn.

Os-TEN'SI-BLE,

a.

[Lat. ostendere,

-tentum, to show.] Shown, declared,

Ounce, n. [Lat. uncia,a twelfth of a
or avowed apparent.
Os-TEN'si-BLY, adv. In an ostensipound and of a foot.] 1. The twelfth
part of a pound troy, and the sixble manner.
[iugOs-TEN'siVE, a.
Showing; exhibitteenth of a pound avoirdupois. 2. A
OS'TEN-TA'TION, 11. Act of making
carnivorous animal.
an ambitious display pretentious Our, possessive pron.
[A.-S. ure, fr.
;

parade.
Parade; pomp; pompousness;
Syn.
vaunting boasting. See Pakaue.
OVten-ta'tious, a. 1. Fond of excessive or offensive display.
2. Pre[vain airplay.
^ tentious._
OS'TEN-TA'TIOUS-LY, adf.
With
OS'TE-ol'o-Ger. In. One who deOVte-oe'o-gIst, J scribes the bones
of animals.

v.s.]

Pertaining to us.

D2f When

noun

the

ours (not our)

is

See I.
not expressed,

used.

is

1. We; us;
chiefly in the
Myself; used reciprocally,
chiefly in the regal or formal style,
and generally in the singular.

Our-self' (149), pron.

by way of emphasis,

pi.

2.

Oust

(owstj, v.

[-ed

t.

-ing.]

[0.

Fr. oster.]
1. To take away.
2. To
Os'TE-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 6cn-eW,bone,
eject; to turn out.
[ejection.
and Aoyos, discourse.] That part of OUST'ER (owst'er), n. Dispossession
oscillare, -latum ; oscillum, a swing.]
Out, adv. [A.-S. di.] Without; on
^ anatomy which treats of the bones.
on the exTo move backward and forward to OsT'LER, n. The same as Hostler.
the outside; not within
vibrate ;_to swing
to sway.
OS'TRA-CISM, 11.
[Gr. ba-TpaKio-fxos;
terior, or beyond the limits of any
OS'CIL-LA'TION, n. Vibration.
fr. b(TTpa.Kov, a tile, a voting tablet.]
inclosed place or given line
opMoving like a
Banishment; expulsion separation.
Os'CIL-LA-TO-RY, a.
posed to in or within ; used in a
[drowsiness. Os'TRA-ClZE, v. t.
[-ed; -ING.] To
interj.
pendulum.
variety of special senses.
Act of gaping;
exile to banish to exclude from soOs'ci-tan-cy, n.
Away off; begone.
ciety
to put under ban.
[Lat osritans, p. pr.
Os'CI-TANT,a.
OUT-ACT', v. t. To do or go beyond.
Yawning;
Os'trich,
oscitare,
yawn.]
1.
n.
[Fr.
Out-bid',
To bid more than.
to
v. t.
of
;

gaping.

2.

Sleepy

OVci-ta'tion,
from

n.

drowsy.

Os'CU-LATE, V.
1. To kiss. 2.

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.]

Geom.) To touch, as

t.
(

two curves.

OVcu^la'tion,

n.

[Lat.

osoulari,

osculum, a little
mouth, a kiss.] 1. Act of kissing. 2.
Contact of one curve with another.
-latum, to kiss,

fr.

Os'CU-LA-TO-RY

(50),

a.

pertaining to, kissing.

of osculation.

O'SIER

1.

2.

or

Of,

Capable

[Gr. dlcro<;,oi<rua..]
or a twig of it
baskets.
coarse linen, originally from Osnaburg, in Germany.
[Fr. osseUt, lit. a litOs'SE-LET, n.
tle bone.]
A hard substance on the
inside of a horse's knee.
[Lat.
Os'SE-oDs (colloq. osh/us), a.
osseus, fr. os, ossis, bone.] Composed,
bony.
of, or resembling, bone
OVsi-cle, n.
[Lat. ossiculum.}
A
(o'zher), n.

A species of willow,

making
Os/NA-BURG, h.
used

in

small bone.

0s-sTF'ER-OUS,a. [Lat. os,ossis, bone,

and ferre, to bear.] Containing or
yielding bone.
Os-sif'ic, a. [Lat. os, ossis, a bone,
K, e,

i,

o,

v,Y,long; A, is j

1,

Out'bound,

autruche, fr. Lat.

avis
struthio

Act of yawning

sleepiness.

Destined to a distant

a.

country or port.

struthio, an ostrich.]
large
bird, having long
legs and
short
wings. It is remarkable for its
speed.
OT'a-gous'tic, a.
[Gr. ovs, wtos, an
ear, and a/covo-rtOstrich.
kos, belonging to hearing.] Assisting

[eruption.

OUT'BREAK, n. A bursting forth

OUT'-BUiLDaNG, n. A building sep;

arate from

main building; an

the

outhouse.

Out'burst, n. A bursting
Out'cast, n. One who is
an

exile

out.
cast out;

a vagabond.

Out'come, n. Issue; result.

Out'crop, n. The coming out

of a
stratum to the surface of the ground.
v. i.
To come out to the
the sense of hearing.
surface of the ground, as strata.
OTH'ER (ilth/er) pron. & a. [A.-S. Out'cry, n. 1. A loud cry a cry of
Cdher.]
1.
Additional
2. Noisy opposition.
distress.
secohd of
two. 2. Not this, but the contrary. Out-do', r. t. [-did; -done; -doOth'ER-WIse, adv. In a different
ing.]] To excel to surpass.
manner; indifferent respects.
Out-doors', adv. Abroad; out of
Ot'tar, n. [See Attar.] A highly
the house.
fragrant oil obtained from the rose.
Out'ER, a. [compar. of out.] Being
OT'TER, n. [A.-S.
on the outside external.

OUT-ROP',

otor, oler.]

An

OUT'ER- MOST,
tenance.

of several species.
11. Same as

A fitting out, as of a
n.
hence, an allowance for paying special expenses.
Out-Gen'er-al, v. t. To gain adOut'fit,

OT'TO,

Ottar.
[From
OT'to-man, a.
Othoman or Othman.]

[snperl.,fv. outer.]

a.

Being on the extreme external part.

Out-face', v. t. To look out of coun-

amphibious carnivorous animal

ship for a voyage

the Sultan
Pertaining

6,u, , short; care, far, Ask, all,

what; ere,

veil,

xERM; pique, firm; son

OUTGO

OVERCOME

299

vantage over by superior military

Out-ra'geous-ly, adv.

In an out- O'vate,

8kiU,_&c.
rageous manner.
[-WENT -GONE
JUT-GO', V. t.
Out-ride', v. t. To ride faster than.
-going.] 1. To go faster than. 2.
To travel about.
v. J.
lo surpass to excel. 3. To circum- Out'rid-er, n. A servant on horsevent.
back who attends a carriage.
;

going out. 2. Expense; outlay.

Limit :_ border end.

3.

Out-grow',^,
-growing.]

[-grew: -grown;

t.

n. A projecting spar or
piecefor extending ropes or sails, &c.
(outfit), adv.
1. Imme-

OVEN,

0'VER,prep.
from side to

;
:

at once
utterly.

Com-

instantly. 2.

A guard

at a distance

from the main body of an army.

Out-IIer'od, v. t. To surpass in

vi-

olence or cruelty.

side. 2. Above, iu place.

Above, denoting superiority in ex&c. 4. Upon the surface
through the whole extent. 6. During the whole time.

cellence,

Out'-house, n. A small building a

little way from the main house.
Out-land'ish, a. Not according with
usage

strange

Out-last',

OUT'LAW,

v.

n.

rude

barbarous.
t.
To last longer than.
One excluded from the
;

the law.
[-ed
v. t.
-ING.] To deprive of the benefit and
protection of law.
Out'law-ry. n. Act of putting a
man out of the protection of law.
OUT'LAY, n. 1. A laying out or expending. 2. That which is laid out.
Out'let, ;;. Place or means by which
any thing is let out exit.
Out'line, n. 1. Exterior line of a
figure
contour. 2. A sketch delineation of a figure without shading. 3. A preliminary or general indication.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To
draw in outline to sketch.
Out-live', v. t. To live longer than
benefit of

to survive.

Out'look,

Act of looking out,

or place from which one looks out.

2.

n.

Prospect

Out'ly-ing,

1.

sight

Syn. Under. It has always been

English usage to say "under one's signature," as we say "wider one's hand,"
"under one's seal." Some, in this country, have imagined "over one's cignature" to be more correct, not considering
thatthe reference is to the paper containing the instrument or mass of
thought to be verified. This is under

1.

OUT-MARCH', v. t. To march faster

than to march so as to leave be-

[ning.

First attempt or beginn.

1. External part exteFurthest limit the utmost.
3. One who, or that which, is without. a. On the outside external.
OUT'SID-ER, n. One not belonging to
the concern, party, &c, spoken of.
Out'skirt,?i. Border; suburb.
Out-spread', v. t. To extend to

Out'side,

2.

hand in signing, as it is under the

when affixed, though, in either case,
may be above. Thus
all stand on the same
footing, and if one is changed, all must
the

seal

the written words

the three phrases

be changed.

spread.

adv.

Out-stand', v. i. [-stood -standing.] 1. To project outward. 2.

To remain unpaid, as a debt, &c.
Out-stretch', v. t. To stretch or
;

spread out

to

Out-strip', v. t.
vance beyond.

expand.
To outrun

Out-talk'

(-tawk'), v.
power by talking.
Out-vie', v.t. To exceed

over-

to surpass.

From

1.

side

to side.

the opposite side.

3.

From one

to another by passing. 4. From one

country to another, by passing. 5Above the top. 6. More than the
quantity assigned. 7. Throughout.

to ad-

To

t.

On

a. Upper
covering.
O'ver-Xct', v. t. To act or perform
to excess.
v. i.
To act more than
;

is

necessary.

Out-vote', v. t. To exceed in the 0'ver-a.lls, n. pi. A kind of loose

number of votes given.
_ trowsers worn over others.
OuT-WALK'(-wawk'), t. t. To walk O'ver-awe', v. t. To restrain by awe.
faster than to leave behind in walk- O'VER-BAL'ANCE, v. t.
To exceed iu
;

_ weight or value.

ing.

Out'WALL,
OUT'WARD,

Exterior wall.
1. Forming the su2. Extrinperficial part; exterior.
sic

-view.

Being at a distance from the main body or design.

2. Being on the exterior or frontier.
a.

or in prices.
Out'set, n.
rior.

An arched

[A.-S. ofen.]

3.
;

n.

n.

_ place, for baking, heating, &c.

[A.-S. ofer.] 1. Across;

To surpass in OUT-RUN', V. t. [-RAN -RUN -RUNNING.] 1. To exceed in running. 2.

growth. 2. To become too large, or
To exceed in degree, quality, &c.
too old_ for use or exhibition.
Out'growtii, n. That which has Out-sell', v. t. [-sold; -selling.] To exceed in amount of sales
grown out from any thiog result.

OUT'GUARD,

th

ovare

1. (Rom. Ant iq.) A lessei

triumph allowed to a commander.
An expression of popular homage.

OUT'RIG-GER,
diately
pletely

fr.

2.

Out'right

1.

[Lat. ovatio,

n.

to exult.]

Out'go, n. Outlaj expenditure.

OUT'GO-ING, n. 1. Act or state of

Egg-shaped, with

a.

lower extremities broadcot.

0-VA'TlON,

n.

a.

adventitious.

3.

Tending to

the exterior part.

Syn. Outer; visible; external

To the outer

1.

for-

parts.

2.

Excess

n.

(119),

_ of weight or value.

0'VER-BEA.R',

-bearing.]
_ press

V.

-BORNE
down to re-

[-BORE

t.

To bear

to subdue.

O'VER-BEAR'ING,
dogmatical

eign; public; carnal; corporeal.

adv.

O'ver-bal'ance

p. a.

Haughty and

tending to repress by

insolence or effrontery.

Over-bid', v. i. [-bade
To some foreign region.
-BID or
-bidden
OUT'WARD-LY, adv Externally.
-bidding.]
To offer
more
Outward.
than
OuT'WARb,ae/i\
an
See
equivalent.
To
Out-watch' (-wotch'), v. t. To sur- O'VEK-BOARD', adv. Out of a ship
pass in watching.
Out-nDm'ber, v. t.
_ or from on board.
To exceed iu
Out-wear', v. t. [-wore -worn O'VER-BUR'DEN (-bftr'dn), v. t. To
number.
load with too great weight.
-WEARING.] To wear longer than.
OUT'-OF-THE-WAY'.a, Different or
remote from the ordinary way un- Out-weigh' (-wa'). v. t. To exceed O'VER-CAST', V. t. [-CAST; -CASTING.] 1. To cloud; to darken. 2.
in weight or in importance.
common unusual singular.
To rate too high. 3. To sew over
Out'post, n. 1. A station at a dis- OUT-WIT', v. t. To surpass in design
and over.
or cunning to overreach.
tance from the main body of an
army.
Out'work (-wfirk), 71. A part of a O'ver-charge', v. t. 1. To load
2. Troops at such a station.
with too heavy a charge to burden.
fortress without the principal wall.
OUT-POUR', v. t. To pour out; to
2. To make too great a charge of, or
send forth in a stream.
0'VAL,a. [Lat. ovum, egg.]
;

hind.

Out-meas'ure

(-nigzh'ur), v.
exceed iu measure or extent.

t.

OUT'RAGE

against.
Resembling the longiOver-charge', a. 1. An excessive
tudinal section of an egg.
load.
2. Elliptical.
2. A charge of more than is
n. A body
just.
in the shape of an egg, or
[clouds.
O'ver-cloud', v. t. To cover with
of an ellipse.
violence gross injury.
O'VER-coat, n. A coat worn over
O- VA'RI- t'M, n. ; pi. O- YA f Syn. Affront; insult; abuse.
the other clothing.
Rl-A. [Lat.] An ovary.
Oval.
Out-ra'geoOs, a. Involving or per- O'VA-RY, n. [From Lat. ovum, egg. O'ver-come' (-kum'), v. t. [-came
;
forming an outrage exceeding all
-COME -COMING.] To get the bet1. That part of the pistil which conbounds.
ter of.
tains the seed. 2. Organ of a female
Syn. Violent; furious; exorbitant.
animal in which the eggs are formed.
Syk. To conquer. To overcome is

[-ED ; -ING.]
(126), V. t.
[See the n.] To treat with violence
and wrong.
n. [L. Lat. ultraghim,
from Lat. ultra, beyond.] Injurious

1.

6r do,W9LF,too j TOOK; urn,rue,pull; E,

5

I,

o, silent

c, g, soft;

,G,hard; A; exist; n as

NG

Tfiis.

OVERDO

OVULE

300
affect

-THROWN

with a power that cannot be borne.

To vanquish by force, [overwhelm.
Over-press', v t. To crush to

throw over

O'ver-pow'er,

to gain the superiority or mastery in any

trial of strength; to conquer is to overpower and bring under our control.

v.

1.

t.

To

2.

-THROWING.]
to turn upside

1.

To

down. 2

To ruin to defeat utterly.

Syn. See Demolish.
;

To gain the superiority.

v. i.
-DONE Over-prize', v. t. To prize at too O'ver-throw' (119), n. State of be[-DID
O'VER-DO', V. t.
[ly.
-doing.] 1. To do too much. 2.
high a rate.
ing overturned.
To harass; to fatigue. 3. To cook Over-rate', v. t. To rate too highSyn. Subversion; ruin; destruction;
defeat; downfall.
v. i. To labor too hard. O'yer-reach',1'. t.
1. To reach or
_ too much.
(TVER-DOSE 7 n. Too great a dose.
extend beyond. 2. To get the better O'vert-ly, adv. Publicly; openly.
[-drew;
O'ver-dbaW, v. t.
Over-top', r. t. To exceed in
of; to cheat.
[-rode -rid-drawn"; -DRAWING.] To draw Over-ride', v. t.
height to transcend to excel.
credit.
one's
-RID
-RiDING.]
1.
sum
beyond
-RODE,
r-tra.de', v. i.
upon
for
a
den,
Or
O've
To purchase
_
To drive
Over-drive', v. t. &
To ride beyond the strength of the _ goods bevond the means of payment.
too hard or beyond strength.
horse. 2. To ride too far, or beyond. O'vert-ure (53), n.
See
[0. Fr.
Over-due', a. Past the time of
Overt.] 1. A proposal an offer.
3. To set aside or annul.
influence
t.
1.
or
payment.
Over-rule',
v.
To
2.
A
topic
or
resolution
proposed
for
_
O'VEE-FEED', r. . [-FED; -FEEDconsideration by a proper person or
control by predominant power. 2.
ING.] To feed to excess.
committee. 3. (Mus. An introducTo set aside, reject, annul, or rule
Over-flow', v. t. To flow over to
against
tory composition, for a full instruv. i.
1.
inundate; to overwhelm.
Over-rul'ing, p. a. Exerting su- _ mental band.
Over-turn', v. t. 1. To turn or
To run over. 2 To be abundant.
perior and controlling posver.
O'yer-floW (119), n. An inunda2. To
throw from a foundation.
Syn. Prevailing; predominant; prevruin to destroy.
tion also, superabundance.
alent.
Syn. See Demolish.
O'ver-flow'ing, n. Exuberance O'VER-RUN', V. t. [-RAN -RUN -RUNcopiousness.
NING.] 1. To run or spread over; O'ver-tOrn' (119), n State of being
[-GREW
O'VER-GROW', V. t.
overturned overthrow.
to grow all over. 2. To overcome by
-GROWN -GROWING.] 1. To cover
To value exan invasion. 3. To subdue; to op- Over-val'ue, v. t.
cessively
with herbage. 2. To grow beyond.
press. 4. Tochange the arrangement
v. i.
To grow beyond the fit or
[See Ween.] 1.
of, as of type, and carry those of one O'ver-ween', v. i.
natural size.
To be too favorable or flattering in
1. To run
v. i.
line into another.
OvER-HANG', V. t. [-HUNG -HANGone's judgment. 2. To be arrogant
2. (Print.) To
over; to overflow.
ING.] To hang or project over.
extend beyond its due or desired _ in one's claims.
Over-haul', v. t. 1. To examine
O'ver-weigh' (-wa'), v. t. To exceed
length.
thoroughly with a yiew to repairs. Over-see', v. t.
[-saw; -seen; _ in weight: to outweigh.
to over2. To gain upon in a chase
-SEEING.] To superintend to over- Over- weight' (-wat'), n. 1. Weight
take.
above what is required. 2. Prepon_
[supervisor.
look,
.

?'.

Over-head', adv. Aloft above.

derance.
OvER-SEER', n. A superintendent a
Over-hear', v. t. [-heard -hear- Over-set', v. t. or?, [-set -set- O'VER-WHELM',
;

v.

t.

To hear by accident.
O'ver-joy', v. t.
To make excessing.]

ting.] To turn on the

_ torn upward.

side, or bot-

[shade.

spread and crush.

_ and bear down.

2.

1. To overTo immerse

To cover with O'ver-whelm'ing-ly, adv. In a

manner to overwhelm.
1. To throw
land.
a shadow over to overshade. 2. To OvER-WORK' (-wurk'), v. i. & t.
--WROUGHT;
[-WORKED,
or
Over-lay', v. t. [-laid -layshelter
to protect.
-working.] To work beyond the
ing.] To lay over; to spread over
Over-shoe (-shoo), n. A watertire.
to
strength
to co ver_ completely.
_ proof shoe, worn over another.
Over-leap', v. t. To leap over.
O'VER-SHOOT'.rJ. [-SHOT; -SHOOT- 0-vi'u-lar, a. [Lat. ovum, an egg.]
Over-leather, n. Upper-leather
Pertaining to an egg.
ING.]
1. To shoot beyond, as a
0'vi-DUT, n. [Lat. ovum, egg, and
of a shoe.
mark. 2. To pass swiftly over.
[-lay; -lain;
duct.] A passage for the egg
Over-lie', v. t.
ductus,
Overshot wheel, one -which is turned by
-LYING.] To lie over or upon. [ily.
water which shoots over, or flows upon _ from the ovary.
the top of it.
Over-load', v. t. To load too heavOvi-form, a. [Lat. ovum, gg, and
O'VER-LOOK', v. t. To look over or Over-sight (6'ver-sTt), n. 1. Watchforma, form.] Having the form of
beyond as from an elevated position
ful care.
2. An overlooking
omisan egg.
sion,
[or by. O'vine, a. [Lat. ovinus ; ovis, sheep.]
specifically, (a.) To inspect; hence,
(b.) To neglect; to pass Over-sleep', v. t.
To sleep beyond
Pertaining to, or consisting of, sheep.
to review.
[Lat. oviparus ;
[-spread; 0-v'lP'A-ROUS, a.
by. (c.) To excuse to pardon. (d.) Over-spread', v. t.
-spreading.]
1.
To spread, or
ovum, egg, and parere, to bring
To look over the shoulder of.
Producing eggs, from which
2. To scatter over.
O'ver-Mas'ter, v. t. Tooverpower;
to cover over.
forth.]
(Tver-state', v. t. To state in too _ young are hatched.
to subdue.
Ovi-PO-sI'TlON (-po-zlsh'un), n.
O'ver-Match', v. t. To be too powstrong terms to exaggerate.
for
to
conquer
subdue.
O'ver-step', v. t. To step over or
[Lat. ovum, an egg, and ponere, posierful
to
_
The laying of eggs,
turn, to lay.]
O'VER-MATCH', n. One superior in
beyond.
strain
especially
by insects.
O'VER-STRAIN',
v.
i.
To
to
power
one
able
to
overcome.
ex_
Over-much', adv. In too great a
cess
0'VI-SA, n. [Lat. ovum, egg, and
to make too violent efforts.
The cavity in aa
snecus, a sack.]
O'vert, a. [0. Fr. overt, p. p. of
_ degree.^- n. More than sufficient.
ovary which contains the egg.
O'VER-NIGHTV (-nit'), n. The night
1. Open to view;
ovrir, to open.]
. [Lat. ovum,
following yesterday.
2. (Law.)
Not O'void,
adv. During
public; apparent.
egg, and Gr.
0-voiD'AL, (
the night previous last night.
covert open manifest.
[-TOOK; -TAKI'ver-pay', t\ t. [-paid; -paying.] O'VER-TAKE', r. .
elSos, shape.] Having thej
shape of an egg.
To pay too much or more than is due.
EN; -TAKING.] 1. To come up
O'Ver-plus, n. [over and Lat. plus.]
2. To come upon Ovo-LO,rc. [Lat. ovum,au\
with to catch.
That which remains after a
[heavy a task on.
egg.] A round molding,
re.]
by surprise.
the quarter of a circle.
Over-task', v. t. To impose too
supply surplus
[-threw; Ovule, n. [Dim. of Lat. Ovoid.
je', v. t.
To out-weigh.
Over-throw', v. t.
_ ively joyful.

O'ver-land', a.
on or across the

Over-shade_',

Made

or performed

v.

O'VER-SHAD'OW,

t.

v.

t.

i, E,l, o,u, Y.long;

AjE,J,6,

\J,t, short;

care. FAR, ask; ALL, what; ere, veil, xkm; pique, firm; s6n,

OYUM
ovum, an

state

Owe

n.

pi.

(5), v.

t.

o'va. [Lat.]
[-ed;-ing.]

agan, to have or possess.]

An

egg.
[A.-S.

1.

obliged or bound to pay. 2.

v. i.
obliged to ascribe to.
due to to be the result of.

Owl,

[A.-S. Ule

n.

well-known noccarnivorous

turnal
bird.

OwL'ER,

n.

Owl'et, n. [Dim. of
owl.]
A little owl;
The

offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England

contrary to the statute.
Owi/ish, a. Resembling an owl.
Own, a. [0. Eng. owen, A.-S. agen,
Lelongp. pr. of agan, to possess.]
ing to; peculiar.
v.t. [-ed; -ING.]
1. To have a legal or rightful title

To acknowledge the possession

To avow as one's own.
Syn. To have; possess; recognize;

to. 2.
of.

3.

confess.

Own'er,

0x-Xl'I,

[Gr. 6|aAt's, a <=ort of

a.

at first spelled oxide, the first syllable of

Fr. oxygene, being prefixed to the last
syllable of ucide, to denote a substance,
not acid, formed by the combination of

some simple body with oxygen.

5x'ID-IZE, V. t.
[-EDJ-ING.]

To

convert into an oxide to oxidate.

Ox'Y-GEN, n. [Gr. 6v5, sharp, acid,
and yeVeiv, to generate;
as it was
orig. supposed to be an essential part
;

gaseous element,
which forms about 22 per cent, of the
atmosphere.
By composition with
hydrogen L it forms water.
Ox'Y-GEN-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To cause to combine with oxygen.
of every acid.]

rightful proprietor.
Own'er-ship, n. State of being an
owner; proprietorship.
n.

v.

t.

[-ED;

-ING.]

To convert into an oxide.

Ox-YG'EN-OUS, a. Pertaining

to ox-

ygen.

sori-el, from 6vs, sharp.] Pertaining Ox'y-hy'dro-gen, a.

To be
Relating *o a
to sorrel.
combination of oxygen and hydroTo be
To be 5x'i-date, I", t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To
convert into an oxide, as metals, &c. OX'Y-MEL, n.
tGr. ov>eAi, 6vs,
Ox'i-da'tion, n.
Operation of conacid, and /u.e'A.i, honey.]
A mixture
verting into an oxide.
of vinegar and honey.
Ox'ide, n. [See p. xx, 161.] A com- Ox'Y-TONE, a.
[Gr. 6|v7Wos; 6u?,
pound of oxygen and a base destisharp, and tows, tone.]
Having an
tute of acid and salifying properacute sound.
n. 1. An acute sound.
ties.
Gr. Gram.) A word having the
2.
SS~ This word has been variously writ- _ acute accent on the last syllable.
ten oxide, oxyd, oxyde, and oxid. It was O'yer, n.
[Norm. Fr., hearing.] The

Owl.

an owl.
n.

vine genus of quadrupeds.

OX'YGEN-IZE,

goods.

also,

n. ; pi. 6x'.EN(5ks'n). [A.-S. oxa,

ohsa.]
castrated male of the bo-

One who

conveys contraband

Owl'ing,

5x,

of a seed.

G'vum,

PAD

301

Rudimentary

egg.]

Ox'Y-GEN-A'TlON.n.

Act or process

of combining with oxygen,

_ hearing, as of a deed, bond, &c.

(c^yes), interj.
[0. Fr. oyez,
hear ye.]
Hear attend
a term
/used by criers of courts to secure
silence and attention before making
a proclamation.
Oys'TER,. [Lat. ostrea, Gr. otrrpeov,
allied to birreov, bone.]
A mollusk
having a bivalve shell, much used for

O'YEZ

food.

Oys'ter-plant, n.
A plant, the
root of which, wben cooked, resembles the oyster in taste
salsify.
n.
[Gr. 6eiv, to smell, be;

O'zone,
cause

it

is

attended by a peculiar

smell.] Oxygen in
tro-negative state.

an

active or elec-

To

ply in a pack

P.
is the twelfth consonant, and
P(pe)
the sixteenth letter of the alpha-

make

Suited to

1.

terized

peace.

2.

Charac-

by peace.

V.

[-ED

i.

-ING.]

et.

PA-CIF'T-CA'TION, or PXc'l-FI-CA'- PXck'et-ship, n. A ship that sails

TION, n. Act of pacifying; reducregularly between distant countries
tion to a peaceful state.
for the conveyance of dispatches,
letters, passengers, &c.
Pab'u-lum, n. [Lat., fr pascere, to PA-CIF'I-CA'TOR, or PXC'I-FI-CA'TOR, n. A peace-maker.
PXck'-horse, n. A horse to carry
1. Food.
2. Fuel.
feed.]
packs or burdens.
Pace, n. [Lat. passus, orig. a stretch- Pa-Cif'i-ca-to-ry (50), a. Tending
to make peace.
PXCK/-MAN (150), n. A peddler.
ing out of the feet in walking.] 1.
PXCK'-sXD'DLE, n.
A saddle on
A step esp., the space between the PXc'l-FPER,i. One who pacifies.
[-ED; -ING, 142.]
which packs are borne.
two feet in walking, about 2| feet. 2. PX^'I-FY, v. t.
[Lat. pacificare.
See PACIFIC] 1. PXck'-staff, n. A staff on which a
Manner of walking gait. 3. A mode
To appease, as wrath or any violent
traveler supports his pack, [parcels.
of stepping among horses, in which
passion. 2. To restore peace to.
PXck'-THREAD, n. Twine to tie up
the legs on the same side are lifted
[-ED -ING.] 1. PXck, n. [Of. BAG.] 1. A bundle or PXck'wXx, n. A large tendon in the
together,
v. i.
bale.
2. A number of connected or
neck of an animal.
To go to walk. 2. To walk slowly.
similar things as, (a.) A set of play- PXcT, n.
[Lat. pactum.] An agree3. To move by lifting the legs on the
ing cards,
(b.) A number of dogs
ment a compact a covenant.
same side together, as a horse to
kept for hunting. 3. A large area of PXc'TION-AL, a.
amble.
By way of agreev. t. 1. To walk over with
floating pieces of ice driven together.
ment.
measured steps. 2. To measure by
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To make PAC-Ti'TIOUS
v. t.
paces.
(-tish/us),
a.
[See
up into a bundle. 2. To fill or load.
Pact.] Settled by agreement.
Pa'cer, n. One who, or a horse that,
3. To bring together unfairly, so as PXd, n.
paces.
[A.-S. pad, padh.
See
[Fr.]
to attain some unjust end. 4. To
PATH.] 1, A foot-path. 2. An
See
Pa-cha', or PX'CHA, n.
[shalic.
send off; to dispatch.
Pasha.
v.i. 1. To
easy ^aced horse.
3.
A highwayform things into packs. 2. To admit
pA-CHA'Ll(-shaw / -),n. Same as Paman. 4. [Prob. allied to Eng. toad.]
of stowage. 3. To unite in bad measAny thing flattened or laid flat. 5.
PXH'Y-DERM, n. [Gr. 7mxvSepju.os,
ures.
4. To depart in haste.
thick-skinned.]
A non-ruminant
A package of blotting paper. 6. A
1. A bundle
a packhoofed animal, having a thick skin, PXck'AGE, n
soft, stuffed saddle, cushion, or bolet
a bale. 2. A charge for packing
as the elephant, &c.
liter.
v.t. [-BED; -DING.] 1. To
See Prin. of Pron. 84, 85.
Pab'u-lar, a. [Lat. pabularis.] Pertaining to, or affording, food.
bet.

PXch'y-derm'a-tous,
to a

c.

Pertaining

pachyderm.

Pa-c?F'IC, a.
[Lat. patificus; pax,
pads, peace, and facere, to make.]
t,

goods.
n.

[See

Pack.]

1.

small

pack. 2. A vessel for convexing dispatches and passengers or goods.

DO.WCIEjTOOjTOOKs CRN, RUE, PULL

to tread.
2.
To tread or
teat smooth or level.
3. To stuff
with padding.
v. i.
1. To travel
slowly.
2. To rob on foot.

travel

PXck'et,

E,

J,

O, silent

c,G,so/*; ,G,hard; Ag; EXIST; N as

NG

THIS-

];

PADDING
PXd'ding,
pad.
dle,

2.

&c,

Pad'dle,

PALINDROME

302

PXl'a-ta-ble,

Act of making a PA-GO'DA, n. [Hind.

butkadah, a house
Material with which a sadn.

i.

[Dim. of pari, to go.]

temple

ern

Pal'a-tal,

in

which idols are

To beat water with the hands or
worshiped.
2. To propel a boat with a
[-ED -ING.] To Pail, n.
[L. Ger.
paddle,
v. t.
balje,~D.balie.] An
n. [See
propel by an oar or paddle.
1.

feet.

supra.]

short oar.

2.

3. One
Blade of an oar cr weapon.
of the broad boards at the circumference of a water-wheel.

Pad'dle-wheel,

A water-wheel

n.

used in propelling steamboats.

Pad'dock,

1.
n.
frog, toad.]

silk.]

kind of

silk stuff.

[Lat., from Gr. ira.iav, a

orig. in honor of Tiaiav, or
Apollo.] A loud and joyous song
a song of triumph.
P^2'o-NY, n. See PEONY.
[Lat. paganus, a counPA'GAN, n.

PjE'an, n.

hymn,

tryman,

villager.]
ships false gods.

tions of the earth as opposed to the Jews.

Pagan was the name given to idolaters
in the early Christian church, because
the villagers, being most remote from the
centers of instruction, remained for a

Heathen has
long time unconverted.
the same origin. Pagan is now more
properly applied tc rude and uncivilized
idolaters, while heathen embraces all

who practice

idolatry.

Pertaining to the worship or

heathen
worshipers of false gods
heathenish.
;

PA'GAN-tgM, n. Heathenism.
PA'GAN-IZE, V. t. [-EDJ-ING.] To
render pagan or heathenish.

Page,

1. [L. Lat. pagius, fr. Gr.

n.
naiSCov, dim. of 7rats, a boy, servant.
A youthful attendant on a great

2. A
person, or a legislative body.
contrivance to hold up the skirt of a

lady's dress. 3. [Lat. pagina, from

Lat. pagere, to fasten, compose.]
[-ED;
v. t.
One side of a leaf.

-ING.]

To number the pages

PXG'EANT

(paj / ant

of.

pa'jant), n.
A.-S. pxceand, deceiving,
or

[Prob. fr.
JL. Someas by false appearances.]
thing showy, without stability. 2.
A spectacle or pompous exhibition.

PAg'eant-ry

ter, milk,

Pain,

3.

&c.

Mental

3.

toilsome effort

distress.
4. Labor
chiefly in the plural.

ra^~ Pains, as used in this sense, although really in the plural, is commonly
used as a singular noun.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To afflict or

render uneasy in body or mind.

Syn. To trouble; distress; torment.
PAin'ful, a
1. Full of pain
occasioning distress. 2. Requiring labor;
.

difficult.

[ner.

Pain'ful-ly, adv. In a painful manPain'ful-ness, n.

Uneasiness or
distress.

Pai'nim (pa'nim),

2.

Relish

1.

The

taste.

relish.

Pertaining to, or b=

a.

coming, a palace.

na, Gr. iroivr).] ]. Punishment suffered or denounced. 2. Sensation of

uneasiness bodily distress
suffering.

[Lat. palatum.]

w.

Mental

Pa-la'tial,

Pagoda.

[Lat. ple-

n.

roof of the mouth.

wa-

vessel for

a.

[atine.

Pa-lAt'I-nate, n. Province of a palPai/a-tIne, a. 1. [Lat. palatinus, fr.

palatium, palace.]
palace, or to a high

Pertaining to a
officer of

a palace.

Pertaining to the palate.

n.
A
count possessing rojal jurisdiction.
Pa-la'ver, n. [Sp. patabra, a word,
from Gr. 7rapa/3oArj. a comparison, a
2.

parable.]
1. Idle talk
flattery.
2.
conference.
v. t. or v. i.
[-ED
-ING.] To use idle, deceitful talk.
PAle, a. [-ER -EST.] [Fr. pale,
Lat. pallidum.]
Not ruddy or fresh
of color dusky white.
v. i. [-ED
-ING.]
To turn pale,
[A.-S.,
fr. Lat. palus.]
1. A pointed stake
a picket. 2. An inclosing boundary
a fence. 3. An inclosure a limited
territory.
4. One of the greater ordinaries.
v. t.
To inclose with
pales or stakes.
[freshly.

[Norm. Fr. paynim, fr. Lat. paganus. See Pagan.]

A pagan an infidel.
Pain'less, a.
Free from pain or
n.

Jxouble.
Pains., n._

[n. 4.

Pale'ly

adv.

(109),

Wanly

not

Care; trouble. See Pain, Pale'ness, n. Quality or state of bePains/TAK-ING, a. Sparing no pains.
ing pale defect of color wanness.
n.
Careful and conscientious ex- PA'LE-OG'RA-PHY,l.
[Gr. 7raAaio?,
ertion.
One who worancient, and ypd^eiv, to write.]
1.
Paint, n. 1. Coloring matter used in
An ancient manner of writing. 2.

Syn. Gentile heathen idolater.

Gentile was applied to the other na-

a.

open

[Augm. of

A.-S.
large toad or
A
frog.
2. [Corrupt, fr. parrock.]
small inclosure under pasture.
PAD'DY, n. [From St. Patrick, the
An Irishtutelar saint of Ireland.]
man
in joke or contempt.
PAd'lock, n. [Prob. because it was
originally a lock for a gate opening to
a pad or path .] A lock having a semicircular link jointed at one end.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To fasten with
a padlock ; to shut to confine.
PXd'u-a-soy'(o7- pad'u-soi), n. [Prob.
from Padua, in Italy, and Fr. sole,

padde,

PAl'ate,

A sort of

1.

a.

palate or taste

An East-

of idols.]

is stuffed.

v.

Agreeable to the
savory.
Pertaining to, or uttered by the aid of, the palate.
n.
A letter pronounced by the aid of
the palate.

1.

(paj'ant- or pa'jant-),
exhibition or specta-

painting; pigment. 2. A cosmetic.

t.
[-ED; -ING.] [Fr. peindre,
fr. Lat. pingere, pictum.]
1.
To apply paint to to color. 2. To
represent by means of colors. 3. To
describe vividly
to delineate.
v.

peint,

Syn. To

v.

1.

i.

color; picture; portray.

To

practice painting.

2.

To color one's face.

Paint'er, n. 1. One whose occupation is to paint. 2. [Cf. Ir. painteir,
a net, snare, painte, a lace, cord.] A
rope to fasten a boat.
Paint'ing, n. 1. Act of laying on
colors.
2. Art of representing objects by means of colors also, vivid
description.
3. A painted picture.
PAIR (4), n. [Lat. par, from par a.,
equal.]
Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, or
used together; a couple; a brace.

The deciphering of ancient documents,

[with paleology.
PA'le-ol'o-gist, n. One conversant
PA'LE-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 7raAaios, ancient, and Aoyos, discourse.]
A discourse or treatise on antiquities.

PA'LE-ON-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. TrctAacos,

ancient, ovtci, beings, and Aoyos, disThe science of fossil orcourse.]
ganic remains.

PA-LES'TRA,

n. [Gr. traXaia-ipa,

from

iraXaUiv, to wrestle.] (Antiq.) (a.)

A wrestling, (b.) Place of wrestling.
Pa-LES'tri-AN, a. Relating to the
exercise of wrestPa-les'tri,
J
)

ling.

v.

i.

in pairs

[-ed;-ing.]
;

to couple.

1.

2.

Tobe joined
To suit.

To pair off, to make an arrangement

with one of an opposite opinion by
which votes, &c, of both are withheld.
Pai/ACE, n. [Lat. palatium,fv. Palatium, a hill in Rome, on which Au-

gustus had his residence.] A magnificent house for an emperor, a

king, &c.

PAl'a-din, n. [L. "L&t. palatinus; paln.

Pompous
atium, palace.] An eminent knight.
cle
show.
PXG'i-NAL.a. [See Page.] Consist- PAl'AN-keen' \ (-ken'), n. [Javan.
palangki,
PAL/AN-QUIN'
Hind
ing of pages.
p&M.] A covered carriage used in
Pa'ging, n. The marking of the pages
the East, borne on men's shoulders.
of a book.
;

a,e, i.o,v,Y, long; &,,!, 6,

0, y, sAorf;

Pal'ette,

n. [Fr.]
tablet,

A thin oval

on which a painter mixes his pig-

ments.

PAL'FREY

(pawl'-

[Lat. paraver edus, a horse

for extraordinary occasions, from Gr.
irapd, along, beside, and Lat, veredus,
a post-horse.] 1. A saddle-horse for
the road. 2. A small horse for ladies.

'fry), n.

Pa-LiL'O-GY,

n.

[Gr.

naXiWoyCa;

again, and Aoyos, speech.]

Repetition of a word, &c, for greatel
energy.
irdkiv,

PAl'IMP-SEST

(84), n.

[Gr.

ira\(fi\j/ri-

oros, scratched or scraped again.]

manuscript written upon twice, the

first writing having been erased.

PAl/IN-DROME

n.

[Gr. TraAtVopo/uos,

cAre, far, Ask, all, what; ere, veiLjXEBM; pique, firm; s6n,

PALING
A

running back again.]

Having the shape of

hand.]
hand, with the fingers spread.

-word, verse,

or sentence, that is the same when

read backward or forward.
Pal'ING, n. Pales in general a fence
;

of pales.

Pall
A cloak

[Lat. pallium.}

Pal-mif'er-oOs,

PXl'mi-ped,

v.

t.

[-ed;-ing.]

Lat. palliare, -aticm, to clothe, cover

pallium, a cloak, mantle.] To cover
with excuse to soften by favorable
;

representations.
extenuate

when wc endeavor to show that

than has been supposed; we palliate a crime when we endeavor to cover
or conceal its enormity, at least in part.

a crime
it is leas

PWlt

Concealment or
extenuation of the most flagrant cir-

A'TION, n.

kijs, all

soil.

n. [Gr.Trava.KeLa.; irava-healing.]
remedy for all

n.

PXl'pa-bil'i-ty,

n. Quality of being

PXN'DET,

[Lat. palpabilis, fr.

palpare, to stroke.]
1. Capable of

n.
[Gr. TravSe/cTTjs allreceiving, all-containing.] 1. A treatise containing the whole of any
science. 2. pi. The digested code of

being

Roman

felt.
2. Plain
obvious.
Quality of being palpable.
[ner plainly.
Pal'pa-bly, adv. In a palpable man;

civil

law of Justinian.

PXN'DE-mS'NI-UM, n. [Gr. Tras, nav,

Councilall, and SaCfxow, demon.]
chamber of demons or evil spirits.
Palpable.] PXn'der, n. [From Pandarus, who

PXl'PA-ble-NESS, n.
Pal-pa'tion,

[See

n.

Act of touching or

feeling.

Pal'PE-braL, a. [Lat. palpebrals

palpebra, an eyelid.] Pertaining to
the eyebrow.

[ness.

P\L'LiD-NESS,

n.
Paleness; wan(pel-mel / ), n. [0. Fr.

palemail, from It. palla, a "ball, and

mail, fr. Lat. malleus, a mallet.] An
old game in which a baP was driven
with a mallet through an arch.
PXl'LOR, n. [Lat] Paleness.
Palm (pam), n. [Lat. palma, Gr.
iraXa.jj.-r).] 1. Inner part of the hand.
2. A hand's breadth
a measure of
length equal to 4 or sometimes to 3
inches. 3 Broad part of the horns
;

of a deer.
An instrument to force
a needle through canvas.
5. A perennial endogenous tree. 6. A token
of success or triumph.
v. t. [-ED
-ING. J 1. To conceal in the hand.
2. To impose by fraud.
PXl'MAR,
a. [Lat. palmaris, from
Pal'MA-ry, ) palma, palm of the
hand.] Having tb r^adth of a palm.
PXl'ma-ry. a. Worthy of the palm
<.-.

PXl'pi-ta'tion,

violent, irregular beating of the heart.

Pals'grave (pawlz'-Jn. [Ger. pfalzgraf, from pfalz, palace, and graf, a

count.] A count who has the superintendence of the king's palace.

Consort of a
n.

Pals/gra-v'ine',
palsgrave.

[paralytic.

PAL're-AL,

Pal'IED

Affected with palsy

a.
(pawPzid), p. a. Affected
;

with palsy.

PAL'Y,
alysis,

n. [Contr.

v.

t.

fr.

[-ED

wolf, XOU^QOK

paralysis.] Par-ING, 142.] To

paralyze.
;

to haggle.
PalTri-ness, n.

[try.

Pal'try,.

[-er

State of being pal;

-est, 142.]

[L.

Ger. paltrig, ragged.] Destitute of

characterized by meanness.
Syn. See Contemptible.
PA-Lfj'DAL, a. [Lat. palus, paludis,

worth

URN, RUE, PULL

E,

Pane,

[Lat. pannus, a cloth, filDistinct patch or compartSquare plate of glass.

PXN'E-GYR'I, n.
[Gr. 7ra.Kr/yupiKos,
An oration in praise of
sc. \6yos]
ensome person or achievement
comium eulogy.
Syn. See Eulogy.
n.

let.]

1.

ment.

2.

PXn'e-GYR'I,
PXN'E-GYR'I-AL,

Containing
a.
praise;
enco[To praise highly.

PXN'E-GY-RIZE,
Pan'el, n.
[0.

[-ED -ING.]
V. t.
Fr., dim. of pan,
See Pane.] 1. A compartment, as in doors, &c. 2. A.
thin board on which a picture ia
painted. 3. A schedule of the names
of persons summoned as jurors;
hence, the whole jury.
v. t.
[-E l\
-ING; or -LED, -LING, 137.] To
form with panels.
PXNG,n [Cf. A.-S. pyngan, to prick
A momentary and violent pain.
PXN'I, a. [Gr. rraviKos, belonging to
Pan, because a sudden fright was
ascribed to Pan.] Extreme, sudden,
;

skirt, side.

Pal'TER, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [See

Paltry.] To act insincerely; to
trifle

procured for Troilus the love of Chryse'i's.]

1. A pimp
a procurer. 2.
"A minister to the evil passions of anTo proother.
v. t. [-ED -ING.]
cure the gratification of the lust of.
v.i. To minister to the lusts or
passions of others.
Pan-dore', or PXn'dore,ti. [See
Bandore.] An instrument of music of the lute kind.

miastic.

a marsh.]

chief.

n.

Pertaining to marshes;

PXL'MATE, \u. [Lat. palmatus, fr.

marshy.
PXL'MA-TED, ) palma, palm of the PAL'Y,a. [From pale,
OR, do,

to glut.

of the hand.]
palmistry.

wan

Pa-na/da,) n. [Lat. panis^ bread.]

Bread boiled in water
[Lat. palma, palm Pa-nade', \
One who practices Pa-na'do, ) and sweetened.
Pan'cake, n. A thin cake fried in a
pan or baked on a griddle.
PXl'mis-TRY, n. [See supra.] Art of
telling fortunes by the lines in the PXn'RE-as, or Pan'RE-as, n. [Gr.
palm of the hand.
Trdyicpeas ; irciv, all, and /cpe'as, flesh.]
Palm'-SBn'day (pam'sun'dy^n. The
A gland in the abdomen, beneath
Suuday next before Easter. See Matthe stomach the sweetbread.
PXn'gre-Xt'IC,
a. Pertaining to the
thew, xxi. 8.
pancreas.
[ing to PaD.
Palm'y (pam'y), a. Worthy of the
Pan-de'an,
palm flourishing prosperous.
a.
[From Pan.] Relat-

PXl'mis-ter,

palmy

full

palme, palm

PXn'A-^E'A,

[brows.
PXL'PE-B_ROUS,a. Having large eyecuni-a;inces of an offense.
PXl'pi-tate, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
P\l.'h-a-tive, a. 1. Serving to expalpitare, -tatum, intensive form of
tenuate; palliating. 2. Relieving, as
palpare. See Palpable.] To beat
pain.
n.
That which extenuates..
rapidly and excitedly, as the heart
PXl'LID, a. [Lat. pallidus.] Pale
to throbj to flutter.

P ALL-MALL'

[0. Fr.

To extenuate. We

Syn.

n.

of the hand, and fueillet, a, leaf; or

from Lat. pagina Jilala, a threaded
page.]
A sheet, or a few sheets, of
paper, stitched together, but not
[pamphlets.
bound.
Pam'PHLET-EER', n. A writer of

Hard stratum of earth below the

[Lat.

palmipes,
-pedis,
broad-footed palma,
Palmetto.
palm of the hand,
and pes, a foot.] Web-footed.

PXL'PA-BLE,a.

[L.

growth.] To feed to the

PXm'PHLET,

n.
[A.-S. panne.} 1. A shallow^
vessel.
2. Part of a
flint-lock to hold the priming.
3.

palpable.

small, rude bed.

PXl'li-ate,

a.

open dish or

palms.

To cloak to cover or
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] [0. Fr.
invest.
v. i.
pale, palle, pale, wan.] To become
vapid or insipid.
Pal-la'di-Cm, n. [Lat. Gr. TlaAAastatue
Siov, fr. HaAAas, Pallas.] 1.
of Pallas, on the -"preservation of
which depended the safety of Troy.
2. Something that affords effectual
3.
certain metal.
defense.
PXl'LET, n. [Dim. of Lat. pain, a
shovel.] 1. A palette. 2. A wooden
instrument used by potters, &c. 3.
lever connected with the pendulum
of a clock, or the balance of a watch,
&c. 4. [From Lat. palea, chaff.]

[-EP -ING.] [0. Fr

v. t.
pamprer, to cover with vine-leave^
hence,
to nur&e into luxuriant

PXn,

Bearing

bear.]

re, to

a.

palmifer ; pal-

[Lat.

ma, a palm, and/er-

1.

a mantle. 2. A consecrated
3.
vestment in the form of a scarf.
A large, black cloth thrown over a
coffin.

PXM'PER,

the

One who bore

(pam'er), n.
a branch of palm in token of having
visited the Holy Land.
Pal-met'TO, n. [Dim.
of Lat. palma, a
palm.] A species of
palm-tree.

Palm'er

[L. Lat. palissata ;

Pal'i-sade', n.
Lat. palus, a stake, pale.] A strong,
sharp stake, one end of which is set
firmly in the ground; also, a fence
formed of such stakes.
Pai/ish, a. Somewhat pale.

(pawl), n.

PANIC

303

I,

a.] Pale. [Poet.]

O, silent

C, G, soft; , , hard; AJ EIST,-

as

NG THIS
;

PANIC-GRASS
and causeless said of fright. n.
;

PARAFFINE

;04
all-imitating.]

lit.

One who

1.

acts

sudden fright without real or

sufficient cause.
PXn'I-(xRass, n.
plant oatmeal.
Pan'i-LE, n. [Lat. panicula, a tuft
on plants.]
form of inflorescence,
as in oats.

his part by mute gesticulation. 2.

.A theatrical entertainment given in
dumb show.
PXN"ro-Mi'M'l,
a. Representing
PAN'TO-Miivi'ie-AL, ) characters and

Pan-nade',

PXn'try,

pannader,
The curvet of a horse.

n.

to prance.]

[0. Fr., fr.

Pan'nier

(pan'yer or pan'ni-er), n.
[Lat. panarium, a bread basket.] A
wicker-basket for carrying fruit, &c,

dumb

actions by

show.

[From Lat. panis, bread.]

An apartment in which provisions
n.

are kept.

PXP,
ple

n.
;

A nip-

[Cf. Lat. papilla.]

1.

a teat

pap, Lat. papa,

[D.

2.

Equality of condition

circum-

or

stances.

PXr'A-BLE,

An

parison.]

moral

is

[Gr. 7rapa)3oAj, a comallegory from which a

7i.

drawn.

Pa-rXb'O-la,
rXb'0-LA.

n.

pa-

pi.

[N. Lat.;
axis is parallel
to the side of the cone. See
supra.]
The section of a

because

its

cone iade by cutting it

with a plane parallel to one Parabo-

la.
pappa.] Soft food for infants hence,
of its sides.
on a horse.
nourishment; support.
[children. PXr'a-bol'io,
PXN'O-PLY, n. [Gr. iravonkU; Tras,
la.
1. Expressed
A Pa-pX', n. Father
a word used by PXr'a-BOL/IC-AL, J
irav, all, and bnAov, tool, arms.]
by parable. 2.
PA'PA-CY, n. [L. Lat. papatia, from
Having the form or nature of a parfull suit of defensive armor
L
Lat. papa, a father, a bishop, the
abola.
PXn'o-ra'ma, or PXn'o-ra'mA, n.
papal Pa-rXb'O-LOID, n. [Gr. napafio\rj,
pope.]
Office of the pope
[Gr. 7ra?, 7rav, all. and bpa/xa, a view.]
[ish.
parabola, aud elSos, form.] The solid
2. A picture
authority or jurisdiction.
1. A complete view.
generated by the rotation of a paraunrolled and made to pass contin- PA/PAL,,_a. Relating to the pope popbola about its axis.
PA'PAL-IZE, v. t. or i. [-ED; -ING.]
uously before the spectator.
To conform to popery.
PXR'A-CEN'TRIC,
PXn'O-rXm'io,
a. Pertaining to,
a.
[Gr. napd,
or resembling, PA-pXv'ER-otJS, a. [Lat. papavereus ; PXr'a-cen'tric-al,
PXN'o-RAM'ie-AL, )
beside,
beyond, and Ktvrpov, center.] Deviatpapaver, the poppy.]
Resembling
a panorama.
ing from circularity.
PXn'sy, n.
[Fr. pensee, thought,
the poppy.
pansy.] A plant and flower; the PA-PA.W, n. [Malay, papaya.] A tree Pa-raH'ro-nLsm, 7i. [Gr. Trapa, beand its fruit, of warm countries.
yond, and xpoi'os, time.] An error
garden violet.
in chronology, by which a date is
PANT, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Cf. W. PA'PER, n. [From papyrus. See PAPYRUS.] 1. A substance to be writmade later than it really was.
pantu, to depress, pant, a depres1.
To breathe quickly to
ten or printed on, to be used in wrap- Par'a-chute (-shut,
sion.]
;

)
1

gasp.

2.

To be overpowered with

eagerness or longing. 3. To throb,

n.
1.
as the heart, in terror, &c.
A quick breathing. 2. A violent

palpitation.

PXn'TA-lets',

n. pi. [Dim. of pantaLoose drawers worn by children and women or the lower part
of such a garment, often made in

loons.}

separate pieces.

ping, &c. 2. A single sheet or piece

of such substance. 3. A printed or
written instrument. 4. A newspaper; a journal. 5. Notes; bills of
exchange.
v.t. [-ED -ING.] 1.
To cover with paper. 2. To inclose
paper.

Pa'per-hXng'ings,

Paper
n. pi.
for covering
[pap.

ornamented with figures

walls.

110), 7i." [Fr.,from

to ward off,
chute, a fall.]

parer,

and

some-

contrivance

like an umbrella, to prevent a

what
too

rapid

descent

from a balloon.
PXR'A-eLETE,7j.

[Gr.

Parachute.

7rapd/cArjTOS, fr. rrap-

anakeiv, to exhort, encourage.] The

PXN'TA-LOONS',n.pZ. [Fromlt. Pan- Pa-pes'CENT, a. Containing, or like,
Comforter or Intercessor
talone, a masked character in the Papier-ma che (pap'ya-ma/sha
applied
to the Holy Spirit.
[Fr.
Italian comedy, who wore breeches
n.
lit., chewed or mashed paper.]
A hard substance made of a PA-RADE', n. [Lat. parare, paratum,
and stockings that were all of one
).

piece.] Long, loose coverings for the

legs reaching from the waist to the

heel

trousers.

PXN'THE-IsM, n.
and 0eo5, ""god.]

[Gr. 7ras, nav, all,

is

God.

[Gr. ndvdeiov, also travQeov,

irav, all, and 0e6s, a god.]
dedicated to all the gods.
1'Xn'THER, n. [Gr.
Cf. Skr.
iravdvp.

pundarlka,

fr. 7ra?,

temple

all,

and

n.

[Gr.

tj-ols,

ypcupeii/, to write.]

Trai'TO?,

An

in-

strument for copying on the same,

or a different scale.

PXN-TO-MIME,
I, ,

I,

n.

PXp'IL-LA-ry,
Pap'IL-lose' (125),

a.

Pertaining
resem-

to, or

bling, the nipples or the papillae.

PXP'IL-LOTE, n. [Fr., either fr. papier, paper, or fr. papillon, butterfly.
on account of their resemblance to a
butterfly.]
A paper on which ladies
roll up their hair.
PA'PisT,n. [See Pope.]
Roman

an opprobrious

term.
Pa-P?st'I,
) a.
Pertaining to
popery popish.
PA-pTst'I AL, j
PA'PIST-RY, n. Popery.
Pa-poose', \ n. An Indian babe or
;

PAP-POOSE',
Pap-pose', )
PXp'poOs,

young

a. [Lat.

child.

pappus, a woolly

or hairy seed.] Downy,

as the seeds of certain plants.
J

Pa-PY'RUS,

n.

pi.

PA-PY'RI.

[Lat.

[Gr.

7rai/T6>ip.os,

A reed from which

Gr. 7rarrvpo?.]
the ancients made a sort of paper.
PXr, n. [Lat. par, equal.] 1. State
of equality value expressed in the
words of any certificate of value. 2.
;

6 C,y, Jong; A, , I,
5

pa-pYz'zje.

pi.

leopard.]
1.
A
fierce,
dark-colPanther,
ored variety of
the leopard." 2. The American tiger,
a feline mammal of several species.
Ean-to'fle (-ttfb'fl), n. [Upper Ger.
band-tafel, a wooden sole (ta/el) with
a leather string (band) to put the
foot through.] A slipper for the foot.

PXn'TO-GRAph,

',

6, U, y, short;

cAre, far, Ask,

ajll,

what

1.

Pompous

display

where such display

Srrr.

n.

A minute

elevation of the
surface of the skin or tongue, &c.
[Lat.]

Catholic

to provide.]
2. Military

butterfly.

The doctrine that Pa-pil'la,

[pantheism.
PXn'THE-IST, n One who holds to
Pertaining
a.
PXn'THE-IST'IO,
PXn'the-Ist'io-al, J
to, or founded in, pantheism.
Pan-the'on, or PXn'the-on, n.
the universe

pulp from rags or paper.

PA-Pfi/IO-NA'CEoiJS, a. [Lat. papilio, a butterfly.]
Resembling the

exhibition.

also, the place

is

held.

Ostentation. Parade

pompous exhibition of

is

things for the

purpose of display; ostentation now generally indicates a parade of virtues or

other qualities for which one expects to
be honored.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To show

off.

2.

To assemble and array

in

military order.
(-dim), n.

PXr'A-dKgm
fieiyjma,

fr-

[Gr. TraparrapaSeiKvi'vai, to set up

an example.] An example of a
word, as a verb, noun. &c. conjugated, declined, compared, &c.
as

PXR'A-DISE,

[Gr. Trapao'eicros, fr.

Skr. paradesa, a foreign land, the
most beautiful land.] 1. The garn.

den of Eden. 2. A place of bliss. 3.

Heaven.
PXr'a-di-si'A-ae, a. Pertaining to
paradise, or to a place of felicity.
[Gr. Trapd8oov ; Trapa,
beside, contrary to, and S6a, opin-

PAR'A-DOX,n.

A proposition seemingly absurd, yet true in fact.

a.
Having the na
ture of a paradox, [doxical manner.
PXr'a-DOX'ic-AL-EY, adv. In a paraPXr'af-fIne, 7i. [Lat. parum, too
ion.]

PXr' a-dox'ic-al

ere, Vj, xJiHEt \ pique fIrm s6n.

,

PARAGOGE
little,

and

white,

translucent substance used for making candles. It has its name from its
resistance to chemical action.

PAR'A-GO'GE,

n.
[Gr. Trapaya>y>7,fr.
Addition of
irapdyeiv, to protract.]
a letter or syllable to the end of a
word.

PAr'a-gog'IC,
PAR'A-GOG'l-AL,

Pertaining to,
or constituting,

a.

)
J

*Ar'a-gon,

n.
[Sp. paragon, from
para con, in comparison with.] A
model or pattern by way of distinction, implying superior excellence.
71.

[Gr.

7rap<ypa<po?,

(sc.ypap./LiTJ),. a stroke drawn in the

character [IF], used
margin.] 1.
as a reference, or tc mark a division.
2. A portion of a writing relating to
a particular point. 3. A notice or
brief remark, as in a newspaper.
Consisting of
PAr'A-gr \PH'I, a.
paragraphs.

PAR'AL-LAe'Tre,
PAR'AL-LAe'Tic-AL,

Pertaining

a.

to the paral-

[Gr. rrapaAvcri? ;
napakveiv, to loosen, disable at the
n.

Loss of voluntary motion,

with or without that of sensation, in

side.]

any part of the body palsy.

Affected with paPAR'A-LYT're, a.
ralysis^
n. One who has the palsy.
PAr'a-lvze, v. t.' [-ed; -ing.] To
;

with paralysis

affect

PAr'a-MOUNT

to palsy.
[0. Fr. para-

(110), a.

par, through, thor-

fr.

oughly, and amont, upward.] Superior to all others

of highest rank.
Principal; pre-eminent; chief.
Stn.
n. Highest in rank or order chief.
;

PAr'a-MOUR,

n. [Fr.
love.]

par amour,

n.
[Gr. 7rapaAAa<.s, fr.
irapaXKaa-creiv to alter a little.] Dif,

ference between the position of a

body as seen from the earth's surface, and its position as seen from
some other conventional point.
PAr'AL-LEL, a.
[Gr. 7rapaAAi]Aos ;
beside,

and iAAjj/Udi^of ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PAr'a-pet,

parapetlo, from
parare, to ward off, and petto, the
breast.] A wall or rampart for defense

n.

[It.

a breas_t-work.
n.

from uapa, "beside, and

)
J

parts

phrases.

PAr'a-quet'

Ft.

parzon, pargun, por-

co-heir; a joint-heir.
Parch, v. t. [-ed: -ing.] [Perh.
fr. Lat. perarescere, to grow very dry.]
To burn the surface of; to scorch.
v.i.
To be scorched.

PARCH'MENT,w.

[Gr. Trepyap.r}VTj,

fr.

Pergamus, where it
Skin of a sheep or

nepyap.ei'ds, of

was invented.]

goat prepared for writing on.

[Gr. TrapSos.] The leopard;
any spotted beast.
Par'don, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L. Lat.
perdonare, from Lat. per, through,
thoroughly, and donare, to give.] 1.
To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
2. To suffer to pass without

Pard,.

punishment.
Syit. To forgive

n.

1.

absolve

excuse

Remission of a penalty.

2.

Release of an offense.

Syn. See Forgiveness.

Par'don-a-ble, a.
Admitting

of

pardon; excusable.

Par'don-A-bly, adv.

So as

to ad-

mit of pardon.

Par'don-er,

Pare

(4), v.

One who

n.

[-ed

t.

forgives.

[From

-ing.]

Lat. parare, to prepare.]

1. To cut
or shave off the surface of. 2. To di-

minish by

little

and

little.

Pae'E-GOR'IC,

a.
[Gr. Trapr\yopiKo<; ;
Trapy\yopelv , to console.]
Mitigating;

n.

6. A wide trench between batteries and approaches. 7.

Counterpart.

fr.

tion.]

translate with
interpret or explain amply.

PAr'A-PLE'gi-A,
PAr'A-PLE'GY,

pargonnier,

i.
To
assuaging pain. n.
A medicine
that mitigates pain an anodyne.
One who para- PAR'ENT (improperly pron. parent),

PAr'a phrAst'I-a:l,

its

<ppa<*etv, to

latitude. v.

PAr/a-PHrAst'K*,

all

A circle

[Gr.

speak.] A re-statement of a text, or

passage in other words.
v.t. [-ED
-ING.]
To explain, interpret, or

on a globe,
marking latitude. 3. Resemblance
likeness.
4. A comparison made. 5.
2.

pi.

napdfapva. ; irapd, beyond, and <pep1. Goods of a wife beV7), dowry.]

yond her dowry. 2. Ornaments
trappings.
PAr'A-PHRASE, n. [Gr. irapd^pacr^,

equidistant in

Par'CE-na-RY, n. Coheirship.
Par'ce-ner, n. [Norm. & O.

remit; acquit.

brideman or bridemaid.

PAr'a-phrAst,

line

e.,

Parallel lines.
another.]
one
1. Equally distant in all parts.
2.
Having the same direction or tenden3- Continuing a resemblance
cy.
n.
1.
through many particulars.

from anotner.

i.

A lover of either
sex; a wooer or a mistress;
in a
bad sense.
PAr'A-NYMPH, n. [Gr. 7rapawjaco? ;
trapd, beside, and vvfxfyr], a bride.]
by or with

PAr'a-pher-na'li-a,

lax of a heavenly body.

PAR'AL-LAX,

wapd,

PA-RAL'Y-sIs,

biont, above,

a paragoge.

PAR'A-GRAPH,

PARIAN

305
A

affinis, akin.]

al

diffuse

a.

Not verbal or liter-

free.
1
)

n. [Ionic Gr. TraparrArj-yta.]

Pal-

sy (of the lower half of the body.

(-kef), n.
A small species of parrot.

n. [Lat. parens, parentis, for pariens, begetting.] 1.

father or moth-

er.

2.

That which produces.

Syit. Cause ; source

cer; creator.

origin

PAr'ent-age, n. Extraction;
Pa-rent'al, a. Relating to,

produstock.

or be-

coming, parents tender affectionate.

;

Pa-ren'the-sis, n. ; pi. PA-REN'pi.

pAr'aTHE-SE. [Gr. irapivBe<7L<; fr. irapevSE-LE'NJE. [Gr. irapd, beside, and
TiOevai, tq insert.] 1. A word or seno-ek-qw), moon. J
A luminous circle
essential points.
tence, in the midst of another, inencompassing the moon.
PAr'al-lei-i'^m, n. State of being
closed within curved lines or dashes.
[Gr. Trapao-iTO?, lit.,
comparison resemblance. PAR'A-SiTE, n.
parallel
2. Sign of a parenthesis, thus ( ).
eating beside, or at the table of, an- PAr'en-thet'ig,
)a. 1. PertainPAR'AL-LEL'o-GRvM, n. [Gr. napaX/
other.] 1. A hanger-on
a depend- PAr/en-THET'I-AL,'j
ing to a pafr.
Xi)\6ypafXfj.ov
-j
ent companion and flatterer. 2. A
/
renthesis.
2. Using or containing
irapaAAijAos, paral/
plant or animal that grows and lives
/
/
parentheses.
lei, and ypafj.fj.Tq, a
on another.
stroke, line.]
PAr'get, n. [Lat. paries, parietis, a
A ^r
Parallelogram,
PAr'a-sit'I,
la.
Of the nature
right-lined quadriwall.] Plaster for covering the walls,
of a parasite;
[-ED -ING.]
lateral figure, whose opposite sides PAr-A-sit'ic-al,
ceilings, &c.
v. t.
fawning wheedling.
are parallel.
To plaster, as walls.
PAr'a-sol/ (110), n.
[Fr., fr.parer, PAR-HE'LI-ON [or par-hel'yun), n.;
PAr'al-lei/o-pi'ped,
to ward off, and Lat. 50/, the sun.]
n.
[Gr. TrapaAArjXeTripi. PAR-HE'LI-A
[or par-heFya).
A small umbrella to defend the face
[Gr. TrapjjAtoi/; Trapd, beside, and
ireSov, fr. TrapaAAr/Aos,
from the sun.
[sol.
parallel, and iirineooi/
>jAio?, the sun.]
A
mock
sun.
ParalleloPAr'a-sol-ETTE', n. A small para- Pa'ri-ah, or Pa'ri-ah, n. [Hind.
a plane surface.] A regpiped.
Par'boil, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Prob.
ular solid, the faces of
pahariya, a mountaineer, as tho
from Eng. part and boil.] To cook
which are six parallelograms.
primitive inhabitants, vanquished
partially by boiling.
fAR'AL-LEL'O-PtP'E-DON (110), n. A
and degraded, were driven into the
PaR'CEL (colloq. p'ar'sl), n. [Fr. parpavallelopiped.
mountains.] One belonging to the
celle, dim. of pari, a part.]
1. Any
PA-RAl/O-GLpI, n. [Gr. irapa\oyrlowest class in parts of India hence,
2. A bundle
mass or quantity.
a
an outcast.
fios; irapaXoyi^ea-QaL to reason falsely.]
package. 3. {Law.) Apart; a por- Pa'ri-an (89), n.
A reasoning which is false in
1. A native of Pasign of reference (thus,

||).

v.

t.

1- To cause to
[-ED; -ing, 137.]
2. To resemble in all
be parallel.

PAr'a-se-le'ne, n.;

point of form.

Pa-rAl'o-gy,

n.

tion.

False reasoning.

v.t.

-LING,

137.]

6r,do, WQLF.TOOjTCfoK; 0rn,rtje,pvll; e,

20

I,

[-ED, -ing; or -LED)

To

distribute

by parts.

o, silent; c, 6, soft;

2.
fine quality of porcelain
clay, resembling Parian marble.

ros.

,&,kard; as; Exist; Jf^NG; this.

PARIETAL
Pa-rT'E-TAL,

a.

[Ln,t.

parieialis

pa-

a wall.] 1. Pertaining to a wall.

Pertaining to buildings or the
care of them.
PAr'ing, n. That which is pared off.
PXr'ISH, to.
[Lat. parochia, Gr. napoacia, fr. Trapa, beside, and oIkos, a
Precinct of a secular
house.]
1.
2.
priest or ecclesiastical society.
a.
Any religious society. [Amer.]
Relating to a parish.
Pa-rIsh'ION-er, to. One who belongs

ries,

PARTICULARITY

306

2.

to a parish.
PXr'1-syl-lAB'IC,
PAR'I-SYL-LAB'IG-AL,

[Lat. par,
pan's, equal,

a.

'

near, and bvop.a, a name.]

appropriated for the use of the minHaving a similar sound, but of difister of a church.
[Artier.]
ferent spelling and meaning.
PART,n. [Lat. pars, partis.] 1. One
Par'o-quet (11 ), n. [See Parrot.]
of the portions into which any thing
A small bird, allied to the macaw.
is divided, or regarded as divided
PA-ROT'ID, n. [Gr. 7rapa)Ti's, -rtfios,
specifically, (a.) pi. Qualities; facfr. rvapd. near, and ovs, wtos, the
ulties; talents,
(b.) pi.
Quarters;
ear.]
The salivary gland nearest the
regions.
2.
Share
3.
lot.
Con'.rapa

ear.

a.

Pertaining to the parotid.

PAR'OX-Y*SM,

n.

[Gr.

irapo^vap.6<;
fr. napovveiv, to irritate.]
1. The

or exacerbation of a disease that

has decided remissions. 2. Any sudden and violent action.
Pa r'ox-ys'mal, a. Pertaining to, or
caused by, paroxysms.
fit

and syllaba, syllable.] Having the

PAR-QUET'
same number of syllables.
PXr'I-TY,
or

ity

PARK,

to.

[Lat. paritas.]

to.

Equal-

close correequivalence
analogy.
[A.-S. pearruc, from Goth.
;

spondence

(par-ka/ or par-kSt'), to.

[Fr.
See PARQUETRY.] Seats, or
the whole lower floor of a theater,
behind the orchestra.
Par'QUET-RY, to.
[Fr. parqueteria,
fr. parquet, French inlaid floor, flooring ] Joinery, consisting of inlaid
work, used especially for floors.
Par-QUEtte' (-kef), n. Same as

bairgan, to save, keep.]

1. A tract
of ground for the preservation of
game, or for walking, riding, &c. 2.
A group of cannon or of wagons.
Parquet.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To inclose in a
PXr'ra-keet'.to. See Paroquet.
park.
PaR'LANCE, n.
Pertaining to, or
[0. Fr. parlance, fr. Par'ri-cid'al, a.
Discourse talk
committing, parricide.
parler, to speak.]
PAR'RI-CIDE, n. [Lat. parricida and
phrase.
parriciclium, from pater, father, and
PXR'LEY, v. i. [-ED; -ING] [Fr.
csedere, to kill.]
parler, fr. parabola, a comparison, L.
1. One who murSee Parders his father or mother. 2. MurLat., a sentence, a word.
der of a parent.
able.] To confer with another;
?.
Par'rot, to. [Contr. fr. Fr. perroquet,
enemy.
specifically, with an
prob. fr. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre, PeMutual discourse specifically, a conter.]
tropical climbing bird of
ference between antagonists.
brilliant
PAR'LIA-MENT, n. [Fr. parlernent,
color,
having a short,
hooked bill.
See supra.]
The legisfr. parler.
lative assembly of the United King- PAR'RY,-y. t. [-ED; -ING, 142] [From
Lat. parare, to prepare.] 1. To ward
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, or
off
to prevent. 2. To avoid
to
of some of the dependencies of the
evade.
British crown.
v. i.
To ward off, or turn
aside something.
PXr/lIa-ment-a'ri-an, n. One who
adhered to the parliament in the Parse, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L&t. pars,
a part (of speech).] To analyze and
time of Charles I.
Par'lia-ment'a-ry, a. 1. Pertaindescribe grammatically, as a sentence.
2.
ing to, or done by, parliament.
[Hind.
According to the usage of legislative PXr'see, or Par-see', to.
parsi, a Persian.] One of the Indian
bodies.
adherents of the Zoroastrian or anPXR'LOR, n.
[Fr. parloir, fr. parler,
cient Persian religion
a fire-worA room for society and
to speak.]
[cess.
shiper,
conversation, or for family use.
Frugal to exPA-RO'HI-AL, a.
[Lat. parochia. Par'si-mo'ni-ous, a.
Syn. See Avaricious.
See Parish.] Belonging to a parish.
Par'O-dist, to.
One who writes a Par'si-mo'ni-oOs-ly, adv. Sparingly
covetously.
parody.
A very
PXr'O-DY, to.
[Gr. irapw&Ca ; trapa., Par>si-m5'ni-ous-ness, n.
sparing use of money.
beside, and wStj, a song.] A burlesque poetical composition, in which Par'si-mo-ny (50), to. [Lat. parsimoClosenia, from purcere, to spare.]
what is written on one subject is
[-ED
v. t.
ness in the expenditure of money or
applied to another.
means excessive economy.
-ING, 142.] To burlesque in verse.
Si r.
See Economy.
Pa-roe',
[Fr. parole. See Parto.
Pa-r5le' J LEY.] 1. Oral decla- Pars'LEY, to. [Gr. nerpoo-ekivov, rockration. 2. Word of honor
plighted
parsley, fr. irerpos, a rock, and <re'Atfaith.
vov, parsley.] A plant, the leaves of
3 A kind of countersign.
a. Oral
not written.
which are used in cookery.
PAR' o-no-ma'si-a (-ma/zhl-a), to. Pars'nip, to. [Corrupt, fr. Lat. pas[Gr. ira.povop.ao La ; vapovofid^eiv, to
tinaca.] A plant and its root, which
form a word by a slight change.] A
is much used for food.
play upon words punning.
PAR'S ON (par'sn), to. [L. Lat. persona
PAR'O-NYM, ) n, A paronymous
1. Priest of a parish.
(sc. ecclesize).]
;

PAR'O-NYME.j
PA-RON'Y-MOUS,
A, E,

word.
a.

;,

2.

[Gr. 7TapwW/tiOS ;

I,0,U, Y,long; A, &,l..6,Xl,t,

A clergyman.

PXr'son-age,

short.-

to.

cern

interest.
4. Side
party. 5.
Allotted duty. 6. Character appro
priated to one in a play, &c.
;

v.

WHAT

[-ED; -ing.]

t.

2. To
To sunder.

to separate.
allot.

3.

intervene between.
divided into parts.

1.
To divide;
distribute; to

4.
v.

2.

To stand or
i.
1. To be
To separate

to leave.

Par-take',

v. i. [-took; -taken;
-TAKING.] [From part and take.]
To take a part with others to par;

[takes a part.
or
[Fr., fr. par,

ticipate,

Par-tak'er,

Par-terre'

One who has

to.

(-tar'),

to.

and terre earth.] An ornamental

arrangement of beds in a flowergarden
on,

Par'tial,

a. [L. Lat. partialis; Lat.

pars, a part.] 1. Affecting a part
only. 2. Biased to one party.
3Inclined to favor unreasonably.

Par'TI-al'I-ty

(par'shl-, 95), n.
1.
2. Special

Quality of being partial.

fondness.

Par'tial-ly, adv. 1. In part

2. With undue bias of mind.
Part'i-bIl'i-ty,

only.

Susceptibility
of division or severance.
Part'I-BLE, a. [Lat. partibilis, fr.
partire, to part.] Admitting of being
parted divisible separable.
Par-tTc'i-pant, a.
[Lat. participant.] Sharing having a pait.
partaker.
to.
to.

Par-tic'i-pate,

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. participare, -patum, fr. pars,
partis, a part, and capere, to take.]
To have a share with others.
Par-ti^i-pa'tion, to. 1. Act of
sharing in common with others. 2.
v.

i.

Division into shares.

Par-tj^'I-PA'tor,

One who

n.

par-

takes.

Par'ti-cIp'i-AL, a. Having the nature and use of a participle.

Par'TI-^i-ple, to. [Lat. participium,
fr. parttceps, sharing.]
A word having the nature of an adjective, derived from a verb.
Par'ti-LE, to. [Lat. particula, dim.
of pars, a part.] 1. A minute portion of matter.
never inflected.

2.

word chat

is

Par-TI'U-lar, a. 1. Relating to $
part of any thing, or to a single person

thing.

or

2.

Clearly distin-

guishable from others of its kind.

Worthy of special attention or rev

3.

gard.

4.

Entering into

details.

5.

Hard to suit difficult.

Syn. See Minute.
;

n.

single

point, or

stance a detail.
Par-tic'u-lXr'i-ty,

House and glebe

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

See Portion.

Syn.

ERE, VEIL,

circum-

n.

minuteness in

TfRM

1. Distinct-

detail.

2.

PIQUE, FIRM; S6N,

PARTICULARIZE

Pas'sion-ate-ly, adv. In a passion*

ate manner.
[ing passionate.
To be regarded. 5. To go by to
Pas'sion-ate-ness,
To
hapn.
State of bepath,
&c.
6.
cross one's
Pas'sion-i.ess, a. Void of passion.
pen to take place. 7. To disappear
enacted.
PAS'siON-WEEK,n.
The
week
vanish
die.
8.
To
be
precedto
to
to answer.
ing Easter
in which week our Sa9. To do well enough
without
hindrance.
vior's
passion
took
place.
10. To proceed
to sur- PXs'SiVE, a.
11. To go beyond bounds
[Lat. passivus ; pati,
to
passus, to suffer.] 1. Not active, bub
pass.
12. To make a lunge
acted upon. 2. Incapable of the exthrust.
v. t. 1. To go by, beyond,
citement or emotion which is apprw*
over, through, &c. 2. To spend to
3.

through hence, to undergo. 3.

To omit to disregard. 4. To transcend to surpass. 5. To receive the
live

member

of a corps
of light troops designed to carry on
a desultory warfare. 3. [Fr. pertutsane, fr. 0. Fr. pertuiscr^to pierce]
A kind of halberd. a. 1. Adherent
2. Engaged in irregular
to a party.
[partisan.
warfare on outposts.
Par'ti-san'ship, n. State of being a

legislative or official sanction of.

6.
To cause to move or go to send to
deliver.
7. To utter; to pronounce.
8. To accomplish.
9. To give legal
or official sanction to ; to enact. 10.
To give currency to. 11. To cause
to obtain admission or conveyance.
12. To pay regard to
to take notice
of.
ii.
1.
[Lat. passus, step.]

tion.

PAss'A-BLE,

Capable of being
moderate.
passed.
2. Tolerable
PAss'a-bly, adv. Tolerably.

a partner.
ness

2.

State of being
Association in busi-

a firm or house.

Par'tridge,

a.

1.

Pas-sa'do, or Pas-sa'do, n.
[See
PASS.] (Fencing.) A push or thrust.
hus1. Act of passing; a
JPas'sage, n.

1.

going by, over, or through.

by which one passes.
3.
giving access toothers; a

2.

Way

A room
hall.

4.

Event incident occurrence. 5. Part

of a book or text; extract. 6. Enactment. 7. A pass or encounter.
the feet bare, found in Europe, SiPass'-book, n.
A book in which a
beria, and North Africa.
trader enters articles bought on credG** In America the name is applied
it, and then passes or sends it to the
to the American quail and the ruffed
Gr.

n.

irepSi..]

Eng. partrich,

[0.

grayish bird, having

purchaser.

grouse.

Par-TU'ri-ent,

a.
[Lat. parturiens,
Bringing
desiring to bring forth.]
forth, or about to bring forth, young.
PXr'TU-rI'TION (-rTsh'un), n. Act
of bringing forth delivery.
PAR'TY, n. [From Lat. partire, partiri, to divide.]
1. A number of persons, united by some tie; as, (a.) A

priate.

Inactive ; inert; unresisting*

Syn.
suffering; submissive; patient.

Pas'sive-ly, adv.

In a passive man-

ner,

[passive.

Pas'sive-ness, n.
Quality of being
PAss'5-VER, n. [From ;?ass and over.]

A feast of

the Jews, commemorating

the time when God, smiting the first-

born of the Egyptians, passed over

the houses of tbe Israelites.

A PAss'p5rt,.

n.

passage a way. 2. A passport a

ticket of free transit or admission.
3. A thrust
a push. 4. A movement of the hand over or along any
condithing.
5. State of things

(-tish'un), n. [Lat. par1. Act of dividing, or state

tition
of being divided. 2. That which divides or separates an interior divid[-ET>; -ING.] 1.
v. t.
ing wall.
To divide into shares. 2. To divide
into distinct parts by walls.
PAR'TI-TiVE,a. [Lat. partitivus,fr.
partire, to divide.]
Denoting a part
[gree.
of any thing distributive.
PART'LY, adv. In part in some dePART'NER, ?i. [From part.] 1. An
2. One
associate, esp. in business.
3.

PAR-TI'TION

dances with another.

band or wife.
Part'ner-shif,

who

especially.
Part'ing, n. Act of dividing division made any thing divided.
PAR'TI-SAN' (110), n. [Fr., fr. parti,
a party.] 1. An adherent to a party.

4.

or

circulate; to be current.

he attentive to particulars.
Par-tig'u-lar-ly, adv. Distinctly

Commander

To

2.

PASTURE

307

That which is particular peculiarminute detail.

ity
Par-tig'u-lar-Ize, v. t.
[-ed;
-ING.] To mention in particulars;
v.i. To
to enumerate in detail.

siugly

Pas'sen-ger,

n.

[0.

Eng. passager.]

A passer or passer-by
Passe-partout

a traveler.

(pas'-par'too').
[Fr., fr. passer, to pass, and partout,

[Fr. passeport, orig. a

permission to leave a port or to sail
it.] 1. A document, permitting a
person to pass from place to place by
land or water.
2. A safe-conduct.
3. That which enables one to pass
with safety, certainty, or general acceptance.
PAss'-word (-wQrd), n. A word to
be given before one is allowed to
pass a watch-word.
PAst (6), p. a. Gone by elapsed
prep. 1. Further than beended.
yond the reach of. 2. Beyond in

into

time.

Paste,

n. [Lat. pastus, pasture, food,

pascere, to feed.] 1. A composition of flour moistened as with water.

fr.

Dough for pies, &c.

kind of glass for gems.
2.

3.

v.

t.

fine

[-ED

To cement or fasten with

-ING.]

[of paper board.

paste.

Paste'bSard, n. A stiff, thick kind

Pas'TERN, n. [0. Fr. pasturon.] Part
of a horse's leg between the fetlock
and the hoof.

joint

Pas'til,
In.
[Lat. pastillus, a
1.
A master-key a Pas-tille', ) Utile loaf, a lozenge.]
every where.]
latch-key. 2. Alight picture-frame
1. A small aromatic cone to be burned
serving for several pictures.
for cleansing the air of a room. 2.
PAss'ER, n. One who passes.
An aromatic or medicated lozenge of
confectionery.
faction, (b.) A social assembly; a Pis' SIM, adv. [Lat.] Here and there
every where.
PAs'TlME, n.
[From pass and time.]
company, (c.) A small number of
That which serves to make time pass
troops dispatched upon some special Pass'ing, adv. Exceedingly.
;

service.
3.
4.

2.

Partaker or participator.

One who takes part in a

an individual.

A person

lawsuit,

Par'ty-col/ored,

Colored with

a.

different tints ; variegated.

a. [Lat. paschalis, fr. Keb.
pesach,fr. pasac/i, to pass over.] Pertaining to the Passover.

PXs'GHAL,

PAss'ing-bell,

n.
bell that rings
at the time of death or interment.
[Lat. passio ;
n.
pati, passus, to suffer.] 1. A suffering; the suffering or crucifixion of
the Savior. 2.
capacity for emotion.
3. Strong feeling prompting to action.

PAs'SION (pash'un),

4.

Object of love or fondness, &c.

Turkish

Syn. Feeling; emotion. When any

viceroy or governor.
[sha.
Jurisdiction of a pan.

feeling or emotion completely masters the

mind, we call it a passion ; as, a passion
for music, dress, &c. especially is anger
(when thus extreme) called passion. The
mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self-control, and become the
passive instrument of the feeling in
question.

Pa-sha', or Pa'sha,

a.

Pa-sha. 'Ei,

Pas'QUIN-ade' (-kwin-),
poon or satirical writiug

n.
;

lam-

so called

from a statue at Rome named Pasquin, on which satiric papers are

pasted.

PAss

(6),

v.

passus, step.
to

move.

OR, do,

2.

i.

[-ED

-ING.]

Pas'SION-ATE (pash'un-), a.
moved to anger. 2. Moved
Togo;
[Lat.

See PACE.] 1.
To undergo transition.

WOLF, TOO, to"ok

fJKN,

feeling, love, desire,

RUE, PULL

E,

I,

&c.

o, silent

1.

Easily

to strong

agreeably.

PAs'tor

[Lat., fr. pascere, to

(6), n.
pasture.] 1. A shepherd. 2. A settled minister of the gospel.

PAs'TOR-AL,

a. 1. Pertaining to shepherds. 2. Relating to the care of souls,

or to the pastor of a church.
n.
poem describing the life of shepherds;
an idyl a bucolic.
PAs'tor-ate 1(45), a.
Office C;
Pas'tor-ship J state of a pastor.
PAS'TRY,n. [See Paste.] Food made
of paste, as pies, tarts, &c.

Pas'try-gook,
and

sells

One who makes

n.
articles

of food

made

of

paste.

PAst'ur-AGE,

n. 1. Land appropriated te grazing. 2. Grass for feed.

PAst'URE (53), n. [Lat. pastura, pas-

C, G, soft; , G, hard;

Ag; EIST

as

NG

THJS.

PASTY

PA-THOL/O-GY,

2. Land used for grassing.

v. t. [-ED
-ING.] To feed on growing grass, or to supply grass or food.
;

i.
To feed on growing grass
graze.
Pas'ty, n. [0. Fr. paste. See Paste.]
pie made of paste, and baked without a dish.
[Of. Scot, pat, imp. of put.
J?at, a.
See pat, to tap.] Exactly suitable

v.

_to

adv.

convenient.

Work com-

posed of pieces sewed together.

n.
Top of the head.

patere, to
to make.]

n. [Lat. patefactio

pa-tel'lje;

n.; pi.

Eng.pl. PA-TEL'LAS.

[Lat., a small

pan, the knee-pan.]

The kneepan.
PXt'en, n. [Lat. patina, patena.] The
plate for the consecrated bread in the
eucharist.
Pa'tent, or

Pat'ent, a. [Lat. paOpen evident;

2. Open to pubapparent.

tens, being open.] 1.

public
lic perusal
;

letters patent.

as,

3.

exclusive right to an invention. v.

Appropriated by letters patent.

n.
A grant, for a term of years, of the
t.

[-ED

-ING.]

PA-tr'NAL

n.

pater, a father.]
1. Pertaining to a
father fatherly. 2. Derived from a
father; hereditary.
Pa-TER'ni-ty, n. Relation of a father
to his offspring
fatherhood hence,
;

authorship.

Path

(99), n.

[A.-S.

padh, padh, Skr.

patha, from path, to go.] 1. A way,

course, or track road passage. 2.
A narrow way beaten by the foot. 3.
Course of action.
;

Pa-tri'cian

(-trlsb/an), a.
[Lat. papatres, fathers, senators.]

Pertaining to a person of high birth

noble.
n.
One of high birth a

nobleman.
Pat'ri-mo'ni-al,

[ancestors.
a.

Inherited from

PAT'ri-MO-ny

[Lat. paternus

(14), a.

(pa'shent),a. [Lat. patiens,

1. Suffering with meek
persevering.
Expectant without discontent
2.
not hasty.
n.
A diseased person
under medical treatment.
PA'TlENT-LY,flf/u. In a patient manner with calmness.
PXt'in, n See PATEN.
Pa to is (pilt-wa'), n. [Fr., from Lat.
pagus, the country.] A provincial
form of speech.
PA'TRI-ARCH, n.
[Gr. iraTpi.apxr}S ;
irarrjp, father, and ap^os, a leader,
chief.]
1. The father and ruler of a
family. 2. An ecclesiastical dignitary
^superior to archbishops.
Pa'tri-arch'al, a. Relating to, or
possessed by, patriarchs.
Pa'tri-arch'ate, n. Office, dignity,
or jurisdiction of a patriarch.
Pa'tri-arch'y, n. A patriarchate.

and submission

tricius, fr.

To secure the ex-

clusive right of to a person.

Pa'tent-ee', or PXt'ent-ee',
One to whom a patent is granted.

"

or be open, aud facere,

Act of laying open.

Pa-tel'la,

lie

n.
[Gr. TraTpww/jn.father, and
6wp.a,

naTrip,

name.] A modification of a father's

name borne by the son.
PXt'ro-nym'ic,
a. Derived from

Syn. Resignation. Patience refers

to the quietness or self-possession of one's
own spirit under sufferings, provocations, &e.; resignation, to his submission
to the will of another.

ness

Pate,

PXt'E-fAc'TION,

kov

Pat'ro-nym/ic-al,

suffering.]

(-wftrk), n.

izes.

PAT'RO-NYM'IC,

(pu'shenss), n. 1. Quality
calmness under
of being patient
2. Act of waiting long
toil or trials.
for justice or expected good without
discontent. 3. Perseverance.

PA'TIENT

PAtch'work

To act A,s patron toward. 2. To assume the air of a superior toward.

Pat'ron-) Z'ER, n. One who patron-

monium

[Lat. patri(50), n.
pater, father.]
An estate

mherited from one's ancestors.

Pa'tri-ot,

n.
[Gr. narpnoTv?, a fellow-countryman.]
One who loves
and defends his country.
Pa'tri-ot'ig, a. Full of patriotism.
Pa'tri-ot-ism, n. Love of country.
PA-TRls'Tie"^ a. [Lat. pater, patris, a

Pertaining to the ancient

fathers of the Christian church.

father.]

ancestors, as

a name.

narrow one.

Pa'tience

Seasonably
fi.tly.-v. t. [-ted; -ting.] [Cf.
BAT.] To strike gently with the
hand to tap.
n. 1. A light, quick
blow with the hand. 2. A small mass
beat into shape by pats.
[-ED
-ING.]
fPATCH, v. t.
[Cf.
Botch.] 1. To mend with pieces
to repair clumsily.
2. To put together of ill-sorted parts.
n.
1. A
piece of cloth sewed on a garment to
repair it. 2. A small piece of ground
a plot.
;

n.

fit

PAVONINE

[Gr. 7rd0os, a suffering, and Aoyos, speech, discourse.]

The science which has for its object
the knowledge of disease.
PA'THOS, n.
[Gr. 7rd0os, suffering,
passion.]
That which excites emotions, especially tender emotions.
Patu'way, n.
path usually, a

Grass for

1.

cattle.

308

pasture, feed.]

cere, to

PAT'TEN,

n.
[Fr. putin, a highheeled shoe.] 1. A clog of wood worn
to elevate the feet from the wet.
2.

Base of a column.
v. i.
[-ED; -ING.]
[A
frequentative of pat, to strike gently.]
To strike, as falling drops of water.
Pat'tern, n. [Fr. patron, patron
and pattern.] 1. A model for imita-

Pat'Ter,

tion.

2.

specimen a sample an
A quantity of cloth
;

example.

3.

sufficient for a garment.

4. Figure
or style of ornamental execution.
v.t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To copy. 2.
To serve as an example to be fol;

lowed.
To pattern after, to imitate; to follow.
Pat'ty, n. [Fr. pate. See Pasty. 1

little pie.

Pau'CI-ty, n.
few,

1.

little.]

number.

Paunch,

2.

[Lat. paucitas; paitcus,

Fewness smallness of
Smallness of quantity.
;

Paunch,

[Lat. panThe
and its contents
the abdomen.
PAU'PER, n. [Lat.] A poor person

or

n.
belly

"tex, panticis.]
;

especially,
provision.

one supported by public

Pau'per-ism,

n.
State of being a
pauper, or destitute of the means of
to pauperism.
[reduce
support.
PAU'PER-IZE,r. t. [-ED; -ING.] To

PAUgE, n. [Gr.
make to cease,

reavcri.?, fr.

7raveiv, to

to cease.]

1.

porary stop or rest.

2.

A temSuspense

3. A mark of cessation
hesitation.
v. ?'. [-ED -ING.]
or intermission.
2. To be
1. To cease for a time.

intermitted.
Syn. - To intermit; stop; stay; wait;
delay tarry hesitate demur.
PAVE,t\ t. [-ed; -ING.] [L. Lat.
pavare, from Lat. pavire, to beat or
tread down.] 1. To lay or cover with
stone or brick. 2. To prepare the
[of solid material.
way for.
Pave 'me NT, n. A floor or covering
One who lays stones for
Pav'er, n.
;

Pa-trol/, n. A guard who goes the

rounds in a camp or garrison for obPA-THET'IG, a. [Gr. 7ra0i7Ti.K:6s ; iraa pavement.
servation.
v.i.
[-LED; -LING.] Pav'ier (pav'yer), n. A paver.
Affecting or moving
6elv, to suffer.]
[Fr. palrouiller, 0. Fr. patouiller, to Pa-vil'ion (-yun), n.
[Lat. papilio,
the tender emotions.
paddle, to paw about, to patrol, fr.
Syn. Affecting; moving; touching.
1. A tent.
a butterfly and a tent.]
patte,
a
paw.]
To
the
go
rounds
in
insulated
and
usually
Pa-thet'ic-al-ly, adv.
In a pa2. A building,
a camp or garrison.
thetic manner.
having a roof sometimes square and
Pa'TRON, n. [Lat. patronus ; pater,
3.
dome.
of
a
form
Path'less, a. Destitute of paths.
the
in
sometimes
a father.] 1. One who countenances,
[-ED
v. t.
PA-THOG'NO-MON'IC, a. [Gl\ 7ra0oyA tent on posts.
supports, or protects an advocate.
with
cover
or
furnish
vw/uoi'iKo?, skilled in judging of disTo
-ING.]
2. One who has the gift of a benefice.
[stones or bricks.
eases.]
Characteristic of a disease.
pavilions.
Pa-thog'no-my, n. [Gr. iraflos, pas- PXt'RON-AGE, n. 1. Countenance or Pav'ing, n. Pavement a floor oi
support. 2. Guardianship as of a Pav'IOR (pav'yur), n.
One who
sion, and yviiju/rj, judgment.] Science
saint.
3. Right of presentation to a
of the signs by which the passions
paves :_a paver.
_benefice.
[Lat. pavoninus,
are indicated.
Pav'o-NINE, a.
PATH/o-LOG're,
) a.
pavo, peacock.] Resembling the tail
Pertaining Pa/tron-ess, n. A female patron.
[-ed;-ing.] 1.
Path'o-log'I-al,
to pathology. Pat'ron-Tze, v. t.
of a peacock.

A,E,

I,

0,U,Y,Z<mg7 A,E

L,

6,U,Y,

Short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEILjTEKM; PIQUE, FIRM SON,

;

;
;

PAW
Paw,

[W. pawrn.]

n.

The

1.

foot of

beasts of prey having claws.

2.

in

The

Peace'-OF'FI-CER,
whose duty

contempt.
To
v. i.
scrape with the fore foot.
v. t.
[-ED -ing.] 1. To handle with the
paws, or awkwardly.
2. To scrape
with the fore foot.
Pawl, n. [W. pawl, a pole, stake.] A
catch to check the backward revolution of a wheel, windlass, &c.
Pawn, n. [0. Fr. pan, pledge, assurance, Icel. panlr.] 1. Goods, chattels,

hand;

PEDDLER

309
it is

civil officer
n.
to preserve the pub-

jic peace.

[The native name.}

PE'A-RY, n.
A South American animal of about
the size and shape of a small hog.

[Prob. a modif. of pack.] 1.

n.
[Lat. persicum (sc. ma- Peck, n.
eight
Fourth part of a bushel
lum), a Persian apple, peach.] A tree
v. t.
2. A great deal.
quarts.
its fruit, of many varieties.
[-ED -ING.] [A modif. of pick.] 1.
v. i.
To turn informer. [Low.]
To strike with the beak. 2. To dig
Peacock, n. [Pea- is from A.-S.
with any thing pointed. 3. To strike
pawa, Lat. pavo.] The male of a
with small and repeated blows.
fowl, about the size of the turkey,
Peck'er, n. One who pecks.
with a brilliant tail.
Pea'hen, n. The hen or female of PE'TI-NAL, a. [Lat. pe.cten, pectinis^
a comb.] Resembling a comb.
[jacket.
or money deposited as security for
the peacock.
a
[Lat. pectinapayment of a loan. 2. [0. Fr. peon, Pea'-JACK'ET, ii. A thick woolen Pec'ti-nate,
tus, combed.] Rea walker.] A common man, in chess. Peak, n.
Cf. Beak.] Pec'ti-na'ted, )
[A.-S. peac.
v. t.
[-ed -ING.] 1. To deposit
A point end of any thing the sharp sembling the teeth of a comb.
PEC'TO-RAL, a. [Lat. pectoralis : pecas security. 2. To stake to wager.
top of a hill.
Pertaining to the
tus, the breast.]
Pawn'bro-ker, n.
One who lends Peak'ed (pGk'ed or peekt, 60), a.
n
1. A breastplate.
2.
breast.
money on pledge, or the deposit of
Pointed ending in a point.
A medicine for complaints of the
goods.
PEAL, n.
[An abbrev. of Fr. appel,
breast and lungs.
Pawn'er, n. One who pawns.
a call, appeal, fr. Lat. appellare. Cf.
[-ED
-ING.]
Paw-paw', n. See Pap aw.
Appeal.] 1. A succession of loud PEC'U-LATE, v. i.
latus, fr. peculium,
[Lat. peculari,
Pax, n. [Lat., peace.] A small plate,
sounds. 2. A set of bells tuoed to
To
steal
private
property.]
public
[-ed;
-ing.]
with the image of Christ on the cross
i.
other.
each
v.
moneys committed to one's care to
on it.
To utter loud and solemn sounds.
embezzle.
Pay, v. t. [paid paying.] [Lat." Pe'an, n. [See PjEAN.] A song of
pacare, to pacify, appease.] 1. To
[nut. PEC'U-LA'TION, n. Embezzlement of
praise and triumph.
[the public.
public money.
discharge one's obligations to to re- Pea'-nut, n. A plant the earthquite. 2. To revenge upon; to pun- PEAR (par, 4), n.
[A.-S. peru.]
A Pec'u-la'tor, n. One who defrauds
[Lat. pecuPe-cul'iar
(-kul'yar),
a.
ish. 3. To discharge, as a debt or obtree of many varieties, and its fruit.
ligation.
liars ; peculium, private property.]
[L. ha,t.perla, as if fr.
4. To cover, as the bottom Pearl (14), n.
individual
not
of a vessel, with tallow, resin, &c.
1. A white,
1. Belonging to an
Lat. pirum, a pear.]
general. 2. Particular.
v. i. To recompense
hard, smooth, lustrous substance,
to be remunerSpecial;
especial.
Syn.
ative.
n.
An equivalent given for
found in a species of oyster. 2.
money due, or services performed
Something very precious.
3. A van_. Exclusive property.
compensation recompense.
Pe-cul-iar'i-ty (-kul-yfir'i-), n.
1.
riety of printing-type,
I83f~ This line is printed in pearl.
Pay'A-ble, a. Capable of being paid
2. That
Quality of being peculiar.
justly due.
which is peculiar; individuality.
[ment is to be made. Pearl'ash, n. Impure carbonate of
Pay'-day, n. A day on which pay
Pe-cul'iar-ize, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
potassa.
Pay-ee', n.
To appropriate to make peculiar.
One to whom money is Pearl'-oys'ter, n.
The oyster
to be paid.
which yields pearls.
Pe-cul'iar-ly (pe-kuFyar-ly), adv.
Pav'er (4), n. One who pays.
Pearl'y, a. 1. Containing pearls.
In a peculiar manner particularly.

PEACH,

and

Pay'-m.vs'ter, n. An officer whose

PE-CUN'IA-RY (-kun'ya-), a.
[Lat.
2. Resembling pearls.
Syx. Clear; pure; transparent.
duty it is to pay wages.
pecuniarius, fr. pecunia, money.] 1.
Pay'ment, n. 1. Act of paying. 2. Pea'ant. n. [N. Fr. paysan, fr. Lat.
Relating to money, or to property.
That which is paid reward recompagus, the country.] One of the low2. Consisting of money.
pense requital.
a.
Suiting, or
est class of tillers of the soil in Euro- Ped'a-gog'ic,
Pay'nim, n. & a. See Painim.
Ped'a-gog'ic-AL, ) belonging to, a
pean countries.
Syn. Countryman rustic swain.
Pea, n. ; pi. peas, or pease (152).
pedagogue.
[Gr. 7uow.] A plant and Its fruit, Pea'ant-ry, n. Lowest class of till- Ped'a-gog/ISM, n. Business or charcultivated for food.
peasants.
ers of the soil
acter of a pedagogue.
PEACE, n. [Lat. pax, pads, A.-S. Peas'-god, n. The legume or peri- PED'A-GOGUE, n. [Gr. naiSaywyos,
pais.]
1. A state of quiet or trancarp of the pea.
[used as food.
from rrais, a boy, and ayeiv, to lead.]
quillity
calm repose. 2. Freedom Pease, n. pi. Pease collectively, or
1. A teacher of children
a schoolfrom war.
3. Public tranquillity.
Peat, n. [Allied to pit.] A substance
master. 2. A formal, positive, or pe4. Quietness of mind or conscience.
coasisting of vegetable matter, used
dantic teacher; a pedant.
PEACE'A-BLE, a. 1. Free from war,
for fuel.
Pe'DAL, a. [Lat. pedalis ; pes, foot.]
tumult, &c. 2. Disposed to peace.
Pe at'-moss, n. A fen producing peat.
Pertaining to a foot.
PEB'BLE, n. [A.-S.paboL] 1. A small, Ped'al, n. Foot-key of a musical hr
Syjt. Peaceful pacific
tranquil
quiet; undisturbed
serene; mild; still.
roundish stone worn by the action of
strument.
Peaceable describes the stite of an in- water. 2. Transparent and color- Ped'ant,
n. [It. pedante, orig. a peddividual, nation, &c, in reference to exless rock-crystal.
agogue, contr. fr. pedagogante, Lat.
ternal hostility, attack, &c; peaceful, in
PEB'BLY,a. Abounding with pebbles.
"respect to internal disturbance.
piedagogans, teaching children.] A
Pea^e'a-bly, adv. In a peaceable Pe-GAN' (pe-kan / or pe-kawn'), n. [Sp.
pretender to superior knowledge.
manner; quietly.
pacana.] A kind of hickory, and its Pe-dant'ic,
Ostentatious of
a.
Peace'ful, a. 1. Not disturbed by
fruit.
Pe-dant'ic-al,
learning.
war, tumult, or commotion. 2. Pa- Pec'ca-bil'i-ty, n. Liability to sin. Pe-dant'ic-al-LY adv. In a pedaucific; mild.
PE'A-BLE, a. [From Lat. peccare,
tical manner.
Stn. See Peaceable.
to sin.] Liable to sin.
Ped'ant-ry, n. Vain ostentation of
;

PEACE'FUL-LY, adv. Quietly

PeA9E'ful-ness, n. Quality

calmly.
or state

of being peaceful.

[peace.
Peace'-mak/er,m. One who restores
Pea<Je'-6f'fer-ING,ti. An offering
to procure peace or to express thanks.

OR, do,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK;

fJRN,

Pecca-dil'lo,

n.
[Sp., dim. of pecado, a sin.] A slight offense a petty
crime or fault.
PE'ANT, a. [Lat. peccans, sinning.]
1. Sinning;
criminal.
2. Morbid;
corrupt.

rue, PULL

learning.

Ped'dle,

v.i. or t. [A modif. of paddle, dim. of pad, to go.]

1. To go
from place to place and retail goods
to ha<vk. 2. To be busy about trifles.
;

Ped'dler,

n.

One who peddles

E,l, O, silent; C,G,sq/*; ,&,hard; As; EXIST; N as

NG THIS
;

PEDESTAL
PED'ES-TAL,n.

Easily vexed or fretted. 2. Expressing discontent and fretfuluess.

Svn. Fretful; cross; testy; irritable.
PEE'visil-LY, udv.
In a peevish

[Lat.

pes, pedis, foot, and

0. H. Ger. stcl. sta-

Base

tion, place.]

of a column, statue, vase, &c.

Pe-des'tri-an.
Going on foot
formed on

One who

manner.

Pee'vish-ness,
peevish

a.

n.
Quality of being
fretfuluess
petulance.

Peg,

n.
[Cf. A.-S. pie, a little needle
wooden nail or pin.
or piu.]
v. t.

perfoot.
n.
;

PENITENCE

310

ality.]

Punishment

1.

offense.

2.

Pen'anoe,

for crime or

Forfeiture; fine.
[0. Fr. penance.

n.

See
PAIN.]
Suffering imposed or submitted to as a punishment for faults.
Pe-na'te$<v. pi.
[Lat.]
Household gods of the ancient Italians.
Pence, n. ; pi. of Penny.

Penchant (pong'shong'),

n.

[Fr.,

[-GED; -GING.] 1. To fasten with

fr. pencher, to incline.]
Inclination,
pegs. 2. To confine, or restrain.
foot.
decided taste.
i?E-DES'TRI-AN-IM, 7
Act of walk- P'KOE,or PEK'OE, n. [Ghin. pik- PEN'CIL, n.
[Lat. penicillum and
haou.] A kind oi black tea.
penicillus, from penis, a tail.]
ing or going on foot.
1. A
A follower of Pela[-ED: Pe-la'gi-an, n.
Pe-des'tri-an-ize, V. i.
small brush used by painters. 2.
-ING.] To practice walking.
g-tus, who denied the received docAn instrument for writing and drawtrines in respect to original sin, free
Ped'i-gree, n. [Contr. fr. Fr. par
ing.
3. Art of painting, drawing, or
will, grace, and the merit of good
degres, by degrees, or fr. pied-de-grue
describing. 4. A collection cf rays of
works.
[-ED, -ING; or -LED,
(crane's foot), from the form of an
light, v.t
heraldic genealogical tree.]
Line of PELF, n. [Abbrev. fr. 0. Eng. pelfry,
-LING, 137.] To paint or draw; to
booty. Cf. PILFER.] Money richancestors lineage register of a line
mark with a pencil.
on

goes

es

wealth

Pen'dant,
esp.

triangular or

PED'LAR, n.
See
PED'LER, j
PEDDLER.
Pe'do-bXp'tism. n
)

Pediment.
[Gr.

71

cu?, 7rat-

PEL'LI-CLE,

to deprive of hair, to plunder, pillage, fr. pilus, a hair.]

To strip
1.
the skin bark or rind of; to flay.
2. To plunder to pillage.
v. i. To
come off, as the skin, bark, or rind.
n.
1. Skin or rind of any thing.
2. [Lat. pala.] Any large fire-shovel.
Peei/er, n. One who peels a pillager.

Peep,

[-ed;-ing.] [D.piepen,
v. i.
Ger. pipen, Lat. pipire, to peep, pip,
1.
To crj', as a chicken

chirp.]

(-lees'), n.

of skins

peliis,

[Lat. pellicea,
silk

a skin.]

habit worn by ladies.

2.

roll

1.

pila,

[L. Lat. pelota, fr. Lat.

little ball.
[Lat. pellicula, dim.

n.

ball.]

n.
of peliis, skin.]

A thin skin or film.

adv.
[Fr. pele-mele,
a shovel, and meter, to
In utter confusion.

Pell-mell',
prob.

mix.]

Pend'u-LOUS

2.

overhanging.

Remaining unde-

p. a.

prep.
[Lat.

(77), a.

from pendere, to hang.]

During.

pen dulus,

Hanging

A Pend'u-lum

of parch-

ment.

PEL'LET,

swinging.

[Lat. peliis, a skin.]

ji.

skin or hide.

pennant.

5d suspense.

2.

[cided suspense.
State of being unde[Lat. pendens, hang-

Suspended; hanging.

1.

Projecting

PEND'ING,
cided

Peel,, v.*.

ing.]

Pelican.

tached.

Pe-lisse'

PELL,

Pennant.

Pen'den-cy,.
PEN'DENT, a.

water-

6os,achild, and /3d7rTio-|ua, baptism.]

The baptism of infants or of children.
Pe-dun'cle (-dunk/1), n. [Lat. pedunculus, dim. of pes, a foot.] The
stem that supports the flower and
fruit of a plant.
Peek, v. i. To peep to look with
the eyes half closed.

[-ed;-ing.] [Lat. pilare,

See

fowl with an
enormous bill
to which
a
pouch is at-

made

appendix or addition.

web-

large
footed

n.
[Fr., from pendre, to
1. A hanging appendage,
an ornamental one
also, an

hang.]

n.

[Gr. neAtKav,
Trekenas-]

arched decoration
over doors, windows, &c.

PEL'I-CAN,

pes, pedis, a foot.]

off

esp. when ill-gotten.

;

of ancestors.

PED'i-MENT,n. [Lat
The

Pedestal.

fr. pelle,

[See supra.]
(147), n.
body so suspended from a fixed
point as to swing freely to and fro.

Pen'e-tra-bIl'i-ty,

Capable of

V.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

[Lat. pene trare, -tratum.]

to pierce.
2.
ter into

cent; clear.

Quality oi

1.

2. Susceptible of
being penetrated.
moral or intellectual impression.
n.pl. [Lat.] Recesses of a temple or palace, &c.,
hence, hidden things or secrets.

PELT,

a.

Pen'e-tra'li-a,

PEL-LU'CID, a. [Lat. pellucidus; per,

very, and lucidus, clear.]
Translu- PEN'E-TRATE,
n.
1. [Ger. pelz, a pelt, fur.]
Skin of a beast with the hair on. 2.
A blow from something thrown.
[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.
[Fr. peloter, fr.
petole, a ball or contracted from pellet.] To strike with missiles.

n.

being penetrable.

Pen'e-tra-ble,

with feeling; to
v. i.
prehend.

affect.

3.

1. To enTo touch
To com-

To pass;

to

make

way.

PEN'E-TRA'TION,

n.

1.

Act of pen-

2.
To
etrating; entrance into the interior
newly hatched
to chirp.
look out slyly, through a crevice, or PELT'RY, n.
[Fr. pelleterie.
See
of any thing. 2. Acnteness.
Syx. See Discebjjmekt.
1.
with the eyes half closed.
n.
Pelt.] Skins with the fur on;
Pen'e-tra'TIVE, a.
Cry of a young chicken chirp. 2.
furs.
Pel'VIC, a. Pertaining to the pelvis.
Tending to penetrate
First outlook or appearance.
Peep'er, n. 1. A chicken. 2. One Pel'vis, n. [Lat.peZr/s,abasin.] The
pierciDg.
who peeps. 3. The eye. [Cant.]
open, bony structure at the lower Pen'guin (pen'gwin),
[From Lat. pinPeer, n. [Lat. par, equal.] 1. An
extremity of the body.
n.
A webguis, far.]
equal
2. A Pem'MI-can. n.
Meat dried, pounda match
a mate.
footed marine bird.
comrade an associate. 3. A nobleed, mixed with fat and dried fruit,
PEN-iN'su-LA (-su- or
man.
[-ED
-ING.] [Norm.
and compressed into bags.
v.i.
[Lat. pen-shtj-), n.
Fr. perer, equiv. to Fr. paraltre, Lat. PfiN, n.
1. [Lat. penn a.]
An instruinsula ; psene, almost,
parere.] To look curiously or sharpment used for writing hence, a
ly
A small inand insula, island.
to peep.
writer. 2. [See infra.]
;

Peer'age,

n.

1.

Rank

or dignity of

a peer. 2. Body of peers.

Peer'ess, n. Consort of a peer.
Peer'less, a. Having no peer un;

equaled

matchless.
Peer'less-ly, adv.

In a

peerless

a.
[Prob. corrupt, fr. perverse, the letter r being omitted.] 1.
I,

0,fj, Y,long;

small inclosure-

manner.
Pee'vish,
I, E,

v. t. 1. [-ned
closure for beasts.
-NING.] To write to compose.
2.
[-NED or -T; -NING.] [0. Eng. pinne,
To confine in a
to bolt a door.J

A.,%

I,

PE'NAL, a.

[Lat. ptenalis ; piena, punishment.] Relating to, threatening,

incurring, or inflicting, punishment.
Pen'AL-ty, n. [Contracted fr. pen-

6,0, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

portion of land
nearly surrounded by
water.

Pen-in'su-lar

(-su-

Penguin.

In the form of a penhu-), a.

pertaining to a peninsula.
insula
PEn'i-tence, n. Condition of being
penitent repentance.

WHAT; ERE,

Syn.

Contrition;

VEIL,

TEXM

compunction.

PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

PENITENT
PEN'I-TENT,

a.

PERCHANCE

311
with

thoughtfulness

pressing

(Lat. psenitens, re-

sad-

Sincerely affected by a
penting.]
sense of guilt, and
resolved on
amendment of life.
n.
One who
repents of sin.
PE.VI-TEN'TTAL, a.
Pertaining to,
proceeding from, or expressing, peniteuce.

(-sha-ry), a.

ance. 3. A house of correction.

Pen'i-tent-ly, adv. With penitence.
knife for

music with five strings.

tem of five sounds.

Pen'ta-gon,

making pens.
1. One who writes
An author or com-

TvevTa.y<i>vov;

(pen'If, 149), n.

and

PM?HAir(150},n.
a good hand. 2.

writing; chirography.
Pen'vant, n. [Either fr. Lat. penna,
feather, or from

Pen'ta-grapii,

a stream-

shaped.

Pen'ni-less(142),
[From pena.
Destitute of

ny.]

money.

A pennant

1.

Awing;

a streamer.

as

PantoTreVre,

a.

Winged; plume-

Pen'NON, n.

Same

A solid
and
figure haviug five equal sides.
PEN-TAM'E-TER, n.
[Gr. TrevTa.p.erpos; irevre, five, and /ueTpov, measure.]
peculiar verse of five feet.
PEN-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. 7reVTe, five,
and Lat. angulus, angle.] Having
five angles.
PEN'TA-STYLE, n. [Gr. ireVre, five,
and oruAos, pillar.] An edifice with
five columns in front.
PEN'TA-TEOH,. [Gr. 7revTaTevxos;

er.

Pen'nate,

An
V

[Gr.
n.
eSpa, seat, base.]

five,

irevre, five,

PENCE

PEN'NY,

n. ; pi. PEN'NIES, or
[A.-S. penig.] The twelfth of
(152).
a shilling, worth 4 farthings, or about

first five

and rev^os, book.]

1.

n.

festival

condiment of

digestion ] A substance secreted by

the stomach of animals, and present
[digestion.
in the gastric juice.
Pep'tig, a. Relating to, or promoting,

PER'AD-VENT'URE,

adv.

[Prefix

and adventure.] By chance;

per, by,

perhaps.

Per-am'bu-late,

V.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

[Lat. perambulare, -latum, from per,

through, and ambulare, to walk.] To
walk through, over, or round.
Per-^m/bu-la'tion, n.
Passing or
walkiig through or over.

perambulates.

n. [Gr. TrevrnKOo-rr) (sc.

r)fj.epa), fiftieth day.]

aromatic and pungent plant.

small red peppers in vinegar.

Pep'per-y, a. 1. Relating to pepper;
hot; pungent. 2. Irritable.
PEP'SIN, n. [Gr. 7rei//is, a cooking,

The Per-am'bu-la'tor,

books of the Bible.

PEN'TE-OST.

with shot.

pelt

The berry of the

n.

PEp'PER-SAUCE,

Pentagon.
n.

To

2.

Pep'per-grAss, 7i. A kind of cress.

PEP'PER-MINT, n. [pepper and mint.]

graph. _
PEN'TA-HE'DRON,

cloth.]
small flag- 1
long, narrow Lai.-

with pepper.

Pep'per-gorn,

nevre, five,

ycovia, angle.]

ing five angles.

pannus, a

sys-

pepper-plant.

Art or manner of PEN-TAG'0-NAL,a. Hav-

n.

2.

[Gr.

n.

plane figure having five

equal angles.

poser.

Pen'iman-ship,

ner

small

Pen'knife

One who does pen-

2.

PEP'PER, n. [Gr. 7re7repc] A climbup closely confined.

ing plant and its pungent seed.
PEN'TA-CHORD, n. [Gr. nevTaxopSos,
v.t.
[-ed;-ing.] 1. To sprinkle
1. An instrument of
five-stringed.]

lating to penance, or to a penitentian. 1. One who prescribes rules

ry.

of penance.

[ner.

ness,

Pen's! v e-ly, adv. In a pensive manPen'-stock, n. 1. [Prob. from pen,

i. e., quill (or small pipe) and stock.]
A tube for conducting water, as to a
water-wheel. 2. Barrel of a wooden
pump. 3. Handle of a pen
Re- Pent, p. p. or a. [From pen.] Shut

Pe.VI-ten'tia-RY

a country north of Macedonia.] A

plant having beautiful flowers.
PEO'PLE (pe'pl), n. [0. Eng. peple
popl, Lat. populus.]
1. The body of
persons composing a community,
tribe, nation, or race.
2. Persons
generally ^olks. 3. The populace
the vulgar.
[-ED -ING.] To
v. t.
stock with inhabitants to populate.

n.

1.

One who

An instrument

2.

to

measure distances.

Per-ceiv'a-ble,

Capable of be-

a.

of the Jews, on the 50th day after

the Passover. 2. Whitsuntide. See
[Pentecost.
Acts, ii.
Pen'te-COST'AL, a. Pertaining to
PENT'-HOUSE, n. [From Lat. pen-

2 cents.

Pen'ny-a-lin'er,

One

n.

who

writes for a public journal at so much

a line a writer for pay.
Pen'ny-post, n. One who carries
;

letters

from the

post-office.
n.

An

Pen'ni-roy'al,

dere, to

aromatic

herb.

hang down, and Eng.

shed standing

house.]
aslope from the

(-wat), n.
troy
weight of 24 grains. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny.

Pe'nult,

or

Pe-nult',

n.
[Abbrev.
Last syllable but

from pemdtima.]
one of a word.
Pen'NY-wIse', a. Saving small sums PE-Ni/LT'I-MA.n. [Lat. (sc. syllaba),
at the risk of larger.
from psene, almost, and ultimus, the
I

PEN'NY- worth -w Qrth, c.ulloq. pgn'last.]

Same as PENULT.
nurth), n. 1. As much as is bought Pe-nult'i-mate (45), a. Next
(

for a

penny.

2.

small quantity.

[perceived.

true.

rnain wall.

PEN'NY-WEIGHT

ing perceived.

Per-ceiv'a-bly, adv. So as to be
Per-ceive', v. t. [-El>; -ing.] [Lat.
percipere, fr. per and capere, to take,
receive.]
1. To obtain knowledge of
through the senses. 2. To see to be

fore the last.

n.

be-

Last syllable but

S yn.
To discern.We may perceive
man and a woman afar off, without
being able to discern which is the one
a

and which the other.

Per-cent'age,

[From per cent.

n.
See Cent.]
Allowance, duty, or
commission, on a hundred.
Per-cep'ti-ble, a. Capable of being
perceived.

[perceived.

Per-cep'ti-bly, adv. So as to be
[Lat. perceptio.
to hang.]
Hanging; pendent.
Pe-NUM'BRA, n. [Lat. panne, almost, Per-cep'tion, n.
See Perceive.]
Act or faculty of
PEN'SION,n. [Lat. pen.\io, payment.]
and umbra, shade.] A partial shadow
perceiving
cognizance
by the sense3
A stated allowance to a person in
in an eclipse.
or intellect discernment cognition.
consideration of past services, --v. t. Pe-nu'ri-ous (89), a.
Excessively
Syn.
Idea;
conception;
sentiment}
[-ED -ING
saving in the use of money parsiTo grant a pension to.
sensation observation.
Pen'SION-A-ry, a.
Maintained Tby
monious to a fault.

Syx.
See
Avakicious.
a pension.
One who receives a
Per-cep'tive, a. Having the facn.
pension for past services.
Pe-nu'ri-ous-ly, adv. In a penuriulty of perceiving.
pEN'SION-ER, n. 1. One who receives
ous manner.
Perch (14), n. 1. [Gr. iripun, from
an annual allowance for services. 2. Pe-nC'ri-ous-ness, n. Quality or
its dusky color.]
A fish of several
state of being penurious.
[Fr. pensionnaire one who pays for
species, inhabiting both fresh and
his board.
salt water. 2. [Lat. pertica.] A pole
See PENSION.] A stu- Pen'u-RY, n. [Lat. penuria.] Want
hidigence poverty.
dent at Cambridge (Eng.) and at
a long staff a rod. 3. A measure of
Dublin, who is not dependent on Pe'on, n.
[Sp., a foot-traveler, footfive yards and a half; a rod.
4. A
soldier, a pawn. See Pawn.] InMexthe foundation for support.
roost for fowls.
v. i. [-ED
-ing.]
PEN'SIYE, a. [It. pensare, to reflect,
ico, a debtor held by his creditor in a
To light on a fixed body, as a bird.
form of servitude, to work out a debt.
from pen.sar e, to weigh, ponder.] 1.
v.t.
To place on a perch.
[haps.
PE'O-NY, n. [Gr. Traunvia, fr. Ilaioj/ta Per-chance', adv. By chance perThoughtful, sober, or sad.
2

PEN'siLE,a.

one of a word; penult.

[Lat. pensiliSjfr.penclere,

OR, do,

wolf, TOO,

TO~OK.

URN, RUE, pull

E,

I,

O, silent

C, G, soft; , G, hard;

AS

Ejist

as

NG

THIS.

;;

;;

PERCIPIENCE

PERIOSTEUM

312

Per-c*P'i-ence, n. Perception.
tain to moral perfection in the pres
PEr/I-car'DI-an, a.
Relating to
[Lat. percipiens,
[tending to perfect
Per-cIp'I-ENT, a.
PER/l-AR'Dl,
ent life.
the pericardium.
Calculated or Pf:R'i-AR'Di-UM,n. [N. Lat. Gr.
perceiving.] Having the faculty of Per-FET'Tve, a.
perception perceiving.
PER'FET-LY,atff In a perfect man
nepiKapSiov fr. Trept,about, and KapPER'0-LATE,t>. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
ner or degree completely.
Sia, heart.]
The mempercolare, -latum, from per, through, Per'feT-ness, n. Quality of being
To cause to
perfect; perfection.
and colare, to strain.]
branous
n.
[Lat.
sac
pass through small interstices.
v. i. PER-Fi'ciENT (-flsh'ent),
which
incloses the
One who
To pass through small interstices
perficiens, performing.]
" '
/ir ^mm ri
endows a charity.
heart.
to filter.
Per'co-LA'TION, n. Act of perco- Per-FI'd'i-OUS, a. False to trust or Per'i-cXrp,
)

reposed

confidence

lating orfiltering.
n.

Per'co-la'tor,

ma-

filtering

treacherous

[ious

faithless.

n. [Or. Trept-

manner.

KapTTcov,

fr.

In a perfidTrept, about,
pER~e0s'siON (-kfish'un), n. [Lat. Per-fId'i-ous-ness, n. Quality of
and /caprros,
being perfidious.
percussio, fr. per, through, and quafruit.]
The
[Lat. perfidia; perfitere, to shake, strike.]
1. Act of PJ5R'FI-DY, n.
ripened ovadus, faithless.]
Act of violating
striking one body against another
ry of a plant.
faith, a promise, or allegiance faith- P&R'I-eRA'forcible collision. 2. Vibratory shock.
PER-FID'l-ofts-LY, adv.

chine.

Permission cap, a small copper cap,

containing fulminating powder, used to
explode gunpowder.
Percussion-lock,
a lock of a gun in which fulminating
powder is exploded.
PER-eu'TlENT (-shent), n. [Lat. percutiens, striking.] That which strikes.
Per-DI'tiojj (-dlsh'un), . [Lat. perditio, fr. perdere, to ruin, lose.]
1.
Utter destruction ; ruin. 2. Future
misery or eternal death.
PER-DU', or PER'DU,
a. [Fr. per-

Per-due', or PeR'due,

du, from
J
perdue, lost.]
Lost to view being
in concealment.
PER'E-GRI-NATE, V. i. [-ED -ING.]
;

[Lat. peregrinari, -natus, fr. peregrinus, foreign.] To travel fr. place to

place to live in a foreign country.
PER'E-GRl-NA'TION, n.
traveling
from one country to another ; abode
in foreign countries.
;

PEr'emp-to-ri-ly,^.

Absolute-

lessness ;_treachery.

Per'fo-rate,

V.

jvi-

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

[Lat. perforare,-atum ; per, through,

and forare, to bore, pierce.] To bore
through ; to pierce.
PCr'fo-ra'tion, n. 1. Act of perforating. *2. A hole or aperture.
Per'FO-RA-tive, a. Having power
[that perforates.
to perforate.
PLR'FO-RA'TOR, n.
instrument
Per-force', adv. [Lat. per, through,
by, and Eng. force.] By force violently.
Per-f'orm', v. t. [-ED -ing.] [Lat.
performare, to form thoroughly. See

An

Furnish.]

To carry through;
completion.
2. To exe1.

to bring to
cute; to discharge.
To accomplish;
Syn.

To acquit

vm,

[Gr.

n.
Trept,

around, and
KpavCov, the

The

skull.]

membrane

Pericarps.
h drupe of peach c
ately invests
nut, filbert; </,strobile
of pine e,f, capsule
the skull.
ca sule
PER'I-GEE,' n.
Pi PP/, fi^. P
,
of Anstolochia.
rr
[tir.
wept,
about, near, and yrj, earth.] That
point in the moon's orbit which ia
nearest to the earth.
PER'I-GRAPH, n. [Gr. irepiypn^ri fr.
wept, round about, and ypa.$r\, a
writing.] An inaccurate delineation.

that immedi-

PEr'I-hel'ion

(or -hC'li-on),

PER'1-HE'LI-A.

fulfill; effect.

[Gr.

Trept,

n.;pl.
about,

near, and rjAios, the sun.]

That
work.
point in a planet's or a comet's orbit
which is nearest the sun.
PER-FORM'A-ELE, a. Admitting of
PER'IL, n. [Lat. pericidum periehim,
being performed ; practicable.
Per-f6rm'an<;e, n. 1. Act of perfrom periri, to attempt.] Exposure
forming. 2. That which is performed
to injury, loss, or destruction.
Syn.
See Danger.
esp. an act of an elaborate or public
character; an exhibition.
V. t. [-ED, -ING; or -LED, -LING,
[ous.
Per-form'ER, n. One who performs
137.] To expose to danger.
Per'il-oCs, a. Full of peril; dangeran actor.
Per'fume, or Per-fume' (115), n. Per'il-ous-ly, adv. With hazard.
*.

i.

one's self in

any

ly; positively.

TfiR'EMP-TO-RI-NESS,

n.
Positiveness absolute decision.
PER'EMP-TO-RY, a. [Lat. peremptorius, decisive, final, fr. perimere, to
take away entirely.]
1. Precluding
;

debate or expostulation.
in opinion or judgment.

2. Positive

[Gr. Trepi>eTpo<r ;
[Lat. per, through, thoroughly, and PE-RlM'E-TER, 77.
Trept, around, and jue'rpov, measure.]
fumus, smoke.] A sweet scent, or
and annus, year.] 1.
Outer boundary of a body or figure.
the substance emitting it.
Lasting through the year.
2. Con[-ED -TNG.] To Pe'ri-od (89), n. [Gr. TrepioSos, a goPer-fume', V t.

PER-EN'NI-AL,

a.

[Lat. perennis

per, through,

tinuing without stop

3. Continuing more than two years.
pER-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Continually.
Per-en'ni-ty, n.
Quality of being
perennial.

Pr'FET

(14,115), a. [Lat. perfeclus, performed, finished.]'

1. Com-

impregnate with a grateful odor

to

scent.

Per-fum'ER, n. One who perfumes,

[eral.
or who sells perfumes.
Per-fum'er-y, n. Perfumes in genPer-fDivg'to-ry,

[Lat. perfunca.
perfungi, to discharge, disto get rid of a
duty hence, indifferent careless.
Per-fuse', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
perfund ere, perfusum ; per, through,
Per'fegt, or Per-fegt' (115), v. t.
and fundere, to pour.] To sprinkle,
[-ed -ing.] To finish or complete,
or spread over.
so as to leave nothing wanting.
Per-fu'sive, a. Sprinkling; adaptPER-FET'l-BiL'l-TY,n.
Quality of
ed to spread or sprinkle.
being perfectible.
PER-HAPS', adv. [Lat. per, through,
Per-fT'i-ble, a. Capable of beby, and Eng. hap.] By chance percoming or of being made perfect.
adventure possibly.
Per-fE'tion, n. State of being per- Pe'rI, n. ; pi. PE'Ris. [Per. perl, a
fect or complete.
female genius, a fairy.] (Per. Myth.)
Per-fE'tion-Tst, n. One who beAn imaginary being of the female
lieves that some persons actually at-

up.
2. Not defective
having all that is requisite to its nature and kind.
Syn.
Consummate; complete.
pleted

filled

torius,

patch.]

fr.

Done merely

e, 1,0,0, Y,long,- a,,I,6,

ti

?, short;

ing round, a period of time.] 1. A

stated and recurring interval of time.
A certain series of years, months,
or days, &c, or the termination of
such a series. 3. A complete sentence. 4. A point [thus .] that marks
the end of a complete sentence.
Time; date epoch; era: age.
Syn.
2.

Pe'RI-od'IG,
Pe/ri-od'ig-AL,

a.
I

1.

Returning

regularly, after a
certain period of time. 2. Pertaining to, or, constituting, a period.
Pe'RI-od'I^-AL, n. A magazine or
other publication appearing at stated
fperiods.
intervals.
PE'RI-od'IC-AL-LY, adv. At stated
Pe'ri-o-di'^'i-ty, n. State of having
regular periods.
PER'i-bn' TE(124). n. [N. Lat.
)

um

Gr. Treptoerreof, fr. Trept, around, and

a bone.]
A fibrous membrane investing the bones.
oo-Te'of,

cAre, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, trm; pique, firm; son,

;;

PERIPATETIC

PERSEVERE

313

Per'1-PA-TET'IG, a. [Gr. TrepiiraT^Ti- Per'JUR-er (per/jur-er), n. One who Per/PEN-dIc'u-lar,

i.
[Lat. perpendicuwillfully takes a false oath lawfully
cos, from nepuTaTeiv, to walk about.]
lars, from per, thorPertaining to the philosophy of Arisadministered.
oughly, andpendere,
totle, who gave his instructions while Perju-ry, n.
[See supra.] Act or
1. A follower of Arto hang down.] 1.
walking.
n.
crime of willfully making a false
At right angles to a
oath, when lawfully administered.
istotle. 2. One who is obliged to walk.
[Gr. nepupepia
Perk (14), a. Pert; smart trim;
the plane of the ho-~
PE-RIPH'ER-Y, n.
2. At right a d, perpendicurizon.
vain.
v.i. [-ED;-ING.] [W.percu,
irepi, around, and #e'peiv, to bear.]
lar c koriangles to a given line
The circumference of any regular
to make smart.] To hold up the head
v. t.
or surface.
curvilinear figure.
n.
A zontal.
with affected smartness.
To
line or plane at right angles to anPer'I-PHRASE, n.
[Gr. 7repi<|>pao-is,
dress up to make trim.
other a vertical line or plane.
Continuance
from irepi, about, and <pdeiv, to PEr'ma-nence, )n.
speak.]
A roundabout mode of Per'aia-nen-cy, J in the same state PER/PEN-DKyU-LAR'I-TY, n. State
|

<

v. t.
expression; circumlocution.
-ING.]
To express by cir[-ED
[RIPHRASE.
cumlocution.

or piace

fixedness.
PtR'MA-NENT, a. [Lat. permanens,
staging to the end, fr. per, through,
and manere, to remain.] Continuing in the same state, or without

Pe-RIPH'ra-sis,

Same

n.

as

Pe-

PER'l-PHRXs'Tie,
a. Expressing
or expressed
change.
Per'I-phras'tic-al,
in more words than are necessary.
Syn. See Lasting.
P2R/IP-NEU'MO-TrY,7l. [Gr. nepiiri'ev- Per'ma-nent-ly, adv. In a permairvevp.wv,
around,
and
a
irepi,
fxovia ;
nent manner.
lung.] Inflammation of the lungs.
Pr'ME-A-BLE, a. [See PERMEATE.]
PE-RiP'TER-AL, a. [Gr. 7rept7rrepos ;
Admitting of being permeated.
and nrepov, Pr'me-ate, v. l. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
irept, around, about,
wing, row.] Having a range of colpermeate, -atum, from per, through,
umns all around.
and meare, to go.] To pass through
Per'I-S6p'I, a. [Gr. wept, around,
the pores or interstices of;
said of
and a-Konelv, to view.] Viewed on
fluids.
)

'

all sides

applied to a kind of spec-

Per'me-a'tion,

having concavo-convex glasses.

[-ED
-ING.] [Lat.
PER'ISH, v. i.
perire, from per, through, and ire, to
go.]
1. To be destroyed; to go to
tacles

ing

2. To die.
3. To dedestruction.
cay gradually, as a limb.
PErMsh-A-ble, a. Liable to perish.
Per'ish-a-bee-ness, ii. Liableness
to perish.
PER'l-sPHER'K^a. [Gr. 7rept, around,
and o-^aipa, sphere.] Having the
form of a ball globular.
PER'I-STAL'TI, a. [Gr. Trepio-raATi-

through, axidpatrare, to perform.] To

commit to be guilty of.
PER'PE-TRA'TION, n. 1. Act of perpetrating^ 2. An evil action.
;

Per'pe-tra'tor,

One who per-

n.

petrates.

Per-pt'u-al,

[Lat. perpetualis,

a.

perpetuus, continuous.] Continuing indefinitely or infinitely.

Syn. See Continual.
Per-pet'u-al-ey, adv. Constantly
fr.

continually.

PER-PET'U-ATE,

V.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

[Lat. perpetuare, -atum.}

To make
perpetual to preserve from extinc;

tion,

[ing perpetual.

[Lat. per-

irepia-TaAAeiv,

[Gr. irepia-ruXov

about, and orvAos, a column.]

range of columns round a build-

irepi,

positive, denoting a decided assent, eithelr directly or by implication; to allow

is more negative, and hnpoits only ac-

ing or square.

quiescence or an abstinence from preWe may be compelled by circumstances to allow some things which
we would by no means directly permit.

Per'i-to-ne'UM,

[Lat., from Gr.

7i.
to stretch all round cr
over.]
A thin membrane, investing
the whole internal surface of the ab-

vention.

7repiTei'veiv,

domen and

[Lat. perpetrare

t.

to surround,
Contracting in successive
to the vermicular
motion of the alimentary canal.

[-ED; -ING.]
-tratum, from per,

V.

n.
Act of makPfiR/PE-TU'l-TY, n. State or quality
of
being
perpetual
endless
duration.
missio.] Act of permitting formal
Per-plex', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
consent.
per,
through,
thoroughly,
and plecPER-Mis'si'vE, a. 1. Granting libertere, plexum, to plait, braid.]
1. To
ty
allowing.
2. Suffered without
make
intricate
or
difficult
to
be unhindrance.
derstood. 2. To tease with suspense
PER-Mis'sivE-LY,a'/i\ By allowance.
or ambiguity.
Per-mIt', v. t. [-TED; -TING.] [Lat.
Syn. See Embarrass.
permittere, fr. per, through, and mitPer-plex'ed-ly
(60), adv. In a pertere, to let go, send.]
1. To put up
plexed manner.
with to tolerate to suffer.
2. To
Per-plex'i-ty,
n.
State of being
grant leave to.
perplexed intricacy.
Syn. To allow. To permit is more

applied
n.

So as

to be perpendicular.

PER'PE-TRATE,

Per-PET'tj-a'tion,

mitted.

wrap up.]

PER'I-STYLE,

Per'pen-dic'u-ear-ly, ado.

PER-Mis'SION (-mish/un),n.

circles;

Act of permeat-

state of being permeated.

Per-mI's'CI-BLE, a. [Lat. perm iscere,
to mix.]
Capable of being mixed.
Per-mis'si-BLE, a. Proper to be per-

#cos, fr.

n.

of being perpendicular.

Per'mit, or Per-mit'

its viscera.

rant

leave

(115), n.

Per'QUI-ite

(per'kwl-zit, 14),
n.
[Lat. perguisitum, fr. perguirere, to
ask for diligently.]
allowance

An

beyond the ordinary salary or fixed

wages.

[curate inquiry.

Per/qui-2I'TION

War- Per'ry,

a written permission or

(-zish'un), n.

Anac-

Expressed juice of pears,

n.

usually fermented.

Per'I-WIG, n.
[0. Eng. perwicke,
PER'SE-TJTE, v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
license.
corrupt, from Fr. perruque.] A small Per-aiit'tance,
[Lat. persegui, -secutus, from per,
n.
Permission.
wig; a peruke.
v. t. [-ged -GING,
through, and sequi, to follow, purPEr'MU-ta'TION, n. [Lat. permuta137.] To dress with a periwig, or with
sue.]
To pursue in a manner to
tio, fr. per, through, and mutare, to
false hair.
injure, vex, or afflict, especially for
change.] 1. Mutual transference. 2.
Per'i-wink/le (-1), n. [A corrupt,
adherence to a particular creed or to
Arrangement of any number of
of petty, and A.-S. winkle, a shella mode o_f worship.
things in all possible orders.
1. A mollusk having a fleshy
fish.]
PER-Ni'CIotJS (-nlsh'us), a. [Lat. per- Per'se-cu'tion, n. Act of persecutventral disk instead of feet, and a turing, or state of being persecuted.
niciosus, from per, thoroughly, and
binated shell. 2. [0. Eng. pervinke,
nex, a violent death.]
Having the PLr'se-^u'tor, n. One who perse-

Lat. pervinca.]

flowering plant.
[-ED; -ING.]
t.

Syn.
Destructive; noxious; injurious; ruinous; hurtful.

[Lat. perjurnre ; per, through, over,

and jurare, to swear.] 1. To cause
to take a false oath. 2. To make a

oath to.
Syn. To forswear.

Per-ni'cious-ly (-msh'us-), ado. In

Forsivear,

PER'O-RA'TION,

applies to all kinds of oaths; perjure, to

those administered by a civil magistrate.
|

wqlf, TOO, TOOK.;

fJRN,

n.

[Lat. peroratio,
fr. per, through, and orare, to speak.]
Concluding part of a discourse.

rue, PVLL

E,

I,

o, silent

PER'SE-VER'ANCE.n. A persisting in
any thing undertaken; constancy.
Per'se-vere', v. i.
[-ed;-ing.]
[Lat. perseverare fr. per, thoroughly,
very, and severus, strict.] To persist
in any business or enterprise.
Syn.
To continue persist. The
idea of not laying aside is common to
,

a pernicious manner.

false

or, do,

cutes.

quality of destroying or injuring.

PER'JURElpeVjgr),!-.

C,G,

so/i;

,a,/tard; A

exist; n

as

ng; this

PERSIFLAGE
these words. Continue

PEST-HOUSE

314

the generic term,

denoting simply to do as one has done
hitherto.
To persevere is to continue in
a given course in spite of discouragements, &c, from a desire to obtain our
end. To persist is to continue from a determination of will not to give up.
is

Per'spi-ac'i-ty,

Acuteness of

ft.

sight or discernment.
Clearness, espeft.

Per'spi-cu'i-ty,

cially of statement.

Pert'ly, adv.

In a pert manner
6martly; saucily.
.
State of being pert.
v. t.
[-ED; -ing.] [Lat.

Pert'ness,
Per-turb',

PER-SPie'u-oOs, a. [Lat. perspicuus,

perturbare, fr. per, through, thorfrom perspicere, to look through.]
oughly, and turbare, to disturb.] To
Persifla ge (per'se-flazh/), ft. [Fr.,
Clear to the understanding not obdisturb to agitate to confuse.
from persijier, to quiz.] Frivolous or
scure,
[spicuous manner. Per'tur-ba'tion, n. Act of perturbbantering talk.
Per-spic'u-ous-ly, adv. In a pering, or state of being perturbed.
Per-sim/mon, ft. [Indian.] A tree Per-spir'A-BIL'I-ty, ft. Quality of PER-TU's_lON, m. [Lat. pertusus, p.
and its fruit, which is like a plum.
being perspirable.
[ing perspired.
p. of pertundere, to beat, push, or
er-sist', v. i. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. Per-spir'a-ble, a.
Capable of bethrust through.] Act of punching
persistere ; per, through, and sistere, Per'spi-ra'tion, ft.
1. Act of peror piercing.
to stand.]
To continue fixed in a
spiring. 2. That which is perspired
Per'uke (peVijk, 53), ft. [Fr. per;

course of conduct.

sweat.

Syn. See Peeseveee.

Per-spire',

Per-sist'ence, In. State of being

Per-sist'en-cy,
persistent steady
pursuit of what is undertaken.
PER-SIST'ENT, a. [Lat. persistens.]
;

Inclined to persist; tenacious; fixed.

PiR'SON

(per'sn, 14),

[Lat. per-

ft.

sona, a mask, a personage.] 1. Outward appearance, expression, &c. 2.

A living human being a man, womalso, among Trinian, or child;
tarians, one of the three subjects
constituting the godhead.
3. One
of the three relations which a noun
or pronoun may hold to the verb.
;

PER'SON-A-BLE'(per'sun-), a. Having a well-formed body or person

graceful.

Per'son-age

n.

(45),

1.

distin-

guished person. 2. Exterior appearance or stature, &c.

Per'son-al, a. Pertaining to, or denoting, a person.

[-ed -ing.] [Lat.

v. i.
perspirare , to breathe through.] 1.
To evacuate fluid matter through
;

the pores to sweat.

creted in sensibly

2.

Per-suad'a-ble

To be ex-

(-swad'-), a.

Capa-

ble of _being persuaded.

[-ED;
(-swad'), v. t.
-ING.] [Lat. persuadcre, -suasum,
fr. per, through, and suadere, to advise.] 1. To influence by argument,
advice, or entreaty, &c. 2. To con-

PER-SUADE'

vince by argument, or reasons offered.

Syn.
See Convince.
ii. One who persuades.
Per-sua'si-bil'i-ty, h. Capability
of being persuaded.
Per-sua'si-ble (-swa'si-bl), a. Capable of being persuaded.
Per-sua'sion, n. 1. Act of persuading. 2." State of being persuaded.
3. A creed, or a sect adhering to a
certain creed.

Per-suad'er,

ruque, fr. Lat. pilvs, hair.] An artificial cap of hair

a periwig.
;

Pe-ru'al, n. Act of perusing.

Pe-rue', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [A cor;

ruption of pervise, formerly written

peruise, fr. Lat. pervisus, looked over,
considered.] To read, or to read with
attention.
Per-vade', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
pervadere, fr. per, through, and vadtre, to go.]
1. To pass through, as
an aperture, pore, or interstice. 2.
To be in all parts of.

Per-va'sion,
PER-VA'siVE,

Act of pervading.

ft.

Tending, or able,

a.

to pervade.

Per-verse'

(14), a.

[Lat. perversus,
turned the wrong way.] 1. Turned
aside from the right. 2. Obstinate
in the wrong.
3. Disposed to cross
and vex.

Syn. Froward. One is froward

who is capricious, and reluctant to obey.
One who is perverse has a settled obsti-

nacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the

That which PER-sUA'si'vE, a.
Tending to perrule of contradiction to the will of others.
suade having the power of persuadPer-verse
'ly, adv. In a perverse
ing.
. An incitement; an exother.
manner.
[perverse.
[suasive manner.
hortation,
Per'son-al-ly, adv. 1. In a per- Per-sua/sive-ly, adv. In a per- Per-vErse'ness, ft. State of being
sonal or direct manner. 2. "With Per-sua'sive-ness, . Quality of Per-ver'sion, . Act of perverting
respect to an individual.
change to something worse.
being persuasive.
Per'son-ate, v. . [-Er>; -ing.] To Per-sua'so-ry(50), a. Having power Per-ver'si-ty, ft. State of being
assume the character of; to counperverse
perverseness.
or tendency to persuade.
terfeit.
PERT (14), a. [Abbrev. fr. 0. Fr. apert, Per-vEr'sive, a. Tending to pervert.
Per'son-a'tion, . The act of pervert'
Per[-ed -ing.]
(14), v. t.
open, known, free.]
Indecorously
sonating, or of counterfeiting the
[Lat. pervertere ; per, thoroughly and
free or presuming
forward bold.
person of another.
to
turn.]
1.
To
[ates.
vertere,
turn from
Per-TAIN', v. i, [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
PER'SON-A'TOR, ft. One who persontruth, propriety, or from its proper
ptrtinere ; per, through, and tenere,
PER-SON'I-Fl-CA'TION, ft. 1. Act of
To
misinterpret.
2.
purpose.
3. To
to hold.]
1. To belong. 2. To relate.
personifying. 2. A representation of PEr'ti-na'cious, a.
turn from the right to corrupt.
[Lat. pertinax,
who
an inanimate being as animated.
ft.
One
has
Per'vert,
turned
-nacis, fr. per, through, and tenax,
PER-SON'I-FY, V. t.
[-ED
-ING,
from a right way to a wrong one.
tenacious.] 1. Holding to any opin[Lat. persona, person, and faCapable of be142.]
ion, purpose, or design, with obsti- Per-vert'i-ble, a.
cere, to make.]
To regard or treat as
in:r perverted.
nacy. 2. Resolute; firm.
a.
[Lat.
pervius,
a person.
Per'vi-OOs,
fr. per,
Syn. Obstinate stubborn inflexiPersonnel (per'so-ncl'), n. [Fr.
through, and via, a way.] Capable
ble; constant.
See Personal.]
Body of persons Per'ti-na'cious-ly, adv. In a perof being penetrated
permeable
employed in some public service.
penetrable.
[pervious.
tinacious manner.
PER-SPE'TIVE, a. [From Lat. per- Per'ti-nac'i-ty, ft. State or quality PEr'vi-ous-ness, ft. Quality of being
spicere, perspectum to look through.]
PESK'Y,a. Mischievous; troublesome.
of being pertinacious.
Pertaining to the art of perspective,
[Colloq.]
Syx. See Obstinacy.
-ft.
1. A view; a vista.
2. Art
Pest, ft. [Lat. pestis.] 1. A fatal
ft.
State of being
of representing on a plane surface PEr'ti-nence,
epidemic disease plague pestilenoe.
PEr'ti-nen-'cy. j pertinent fitness
objects as they appear, relatively, to
2. Any thing resembling a pest.
appositeness.
the eye in nature.
-ing.] [AbPes'ter, v. t. [-ED
[Lat. pertinens.
Per-spE'tive-ly, adv. According PER'Tl-NENT, a.
brev. from impester, fr. L. Lat. pas
See Pertain.] Related to the subto the rules of perspective.
torium, a fetter by which horses are
ject or matter in hand apposite.
PER'SPI-eA'CIoOs, a. [Lat. perspicax,
prevented from wandering in the
Syn. Relevant; appropriate.
-cacis, fr. perspicere, to look through. ]
pastures.} To harass with little vexa1. Quick-sighted.
2. Of acute dis- Per'ti-nent-ly, adv.
tions
to annoy.
[fected persons.
In a perticernment; keen.
nent manner.
PEST'-HOUSE,ft. A hospital for in-

Per'son-al'i-ty,

n.

1.

constitutes, or pertains to, a person.

2.

disparaging remark about an-

A-

I,

O, U, Y, long; A, E,

I.

6,

tJ,

Y, Short;

CARE, EAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TE.RM; PIQUE, FIRM SON,

;

PESTIFEROUS

PHENIX

315

Pes-tif'er-oOs, a. [Lat, pestiferus

Pe-tres'^ence, n. Process of chang- Pha'lanx, or Phal'anx, n. [Gr.
pest s, pest, and ferre, to bear.] 1.
ing into stone.
fyd\ay.] 1. A square body of solPestilential
noxious to health in- PE-TRES'CENT, a. [Gr. nerpa, rock,
diers formed in ranks and files close
fectious; contagious.
2. Mischievand deep. 2. Any firm combination
stone.] Converting into stone.
ous; destructive.
Pet'ri-fac'tion, n. 1. Conversion
of people.
Pes'ti-lence, n. 1. Any contagious
Phan'tas_m,. [See infra.] 1. Mental
of organic matter into stone.
2.
or infectious disease that is epidem2. An imagimage of a real object.
Turned into, or incrustedwith, stony
ic.
2. That which breeds disturbinary existence which seems to bu
matter.
ance or vice.
real sometimes, an optical illusion.
PET'Ri-FA/e'TivE, a. Having power
PES'ti-lent, a. [Lat. pestilens, fr.
Phan-tas/ma-go'ri-a (89), n. [Gr.
to change into stone.
pestis, pest.]
Pestilential noxious
Pet'ri-fi-ca'tion, ii. Petrifaction.
fydvTao~(ia, a phantasm, and ayopa,
mischievous.
PET'RI-FY, V. t. [-ED
an assembly.] Figures thrown on a
-ING, 142.]
PEs'TI-LEN'TlAL, a. 1. Producing,
[Lat. petra, rock, stone, and fa cere,
flat surface by a magic lantern
or tending to produce, a pest. 2.
to make.]
hence, illusive images.
1. To convert to stone or
Noxious seriously troublesome.
stony substance. 2. To make obdu- Phan'tom, n. [Lat. phantasma. See
Pes'ti-lent-ey, adv. In a pestijent
rate.
supra.] An apparition; a specter;
v. i.
To become stone.
manner.
PE-TRO'LE-&M (124), n. [Lat. petra,
an airy spirit.
Pes'tle (pes'l), n. [L. Lat. pestelrock, and oleum, oil.] An inflam- PHARa-SA'l,
a.
1. Pertaining
lum, fr. Lat. pistare, to pound.] An
mable, bituminous liquid exuding PHAR'i-sA're-AL,
to,
or reseminstrument for pounding substances
from the earth.
bling, the Pharisees. 2. Making a
in a mortar.
Pe'troDs, a. [Lat. petrosus.] Like
mere show of religion hypocritical.
PET, n. 1. [A modif. of pout.] A
stone stouy.
Phar'i-sa-Ism, n. 1. Doctrines and
slight fit of peevishness.
PET'ti-coat, n. [From petty, small,
2. [Prob.
conduct of the Pharisees. 2. Hycontr. fr. Fr. petit, small.] A lamb
little, and coat.]
pocrisy in i-eligion.
A loose undergarbrought up by hand. 3. A child
ment worn by women.
Phar'i-see,. [Lat. Pharisseus, Heb.
or any little animal fondled and PET'tI-FOG'Ser, n.
Parush, fr. par ash, to separate.] One
[From petty,
indulged.
v.t.
[-TED; -TING-.]
small, little, and fog, to have power,
of a sect among the Jews, noted for
To treat as a_pet to fondle.
to practice.]
strictness in regard to the externals
A lawyer who deals in
i

PET'AL,

PE'TAL,

or

[Gr. nerakov,

n.

a leaf.] One of the colored leaves of

a flower.
PET'AL-OID, a. [Gr. TreVaAov, a leaf,
and etSos, shape.] Having the form
of a petal.

Pe-TARD',

[Fr. petard,

n.
to explode.]

An

peter,

fr.

engine of war, for-

merly used to blow up

cades, &c.

gates, barri-

PE-TE'HI-AE,orPE-TE'HI-AE, a.
[From Lat. petigo, a scab, an eruption.]
Having livid spots spotted.
;

Pe'TER-PENCE,

An

n.

annual tax,

petty cases.

of religion.

Pet'ti-fog'ger-y,

The practice, PHAR'MA-CEU'TI-e,

PHAR'MA-9EU'TI-AL,

n.

or the acts, of a pettifogger.

PET'TI-LY, adv. In a petty manner.
PET'TI-NESS,. Smallness; littleness.
Pet'tish, a. Subject to freaks of illtemper fretful peevish.
Pet'tish-ly, adv. In a pet with a
freak of ill-temper.
[pettish.
Pet'tish-ness, n.
State of being
Pet'ti-toes, n.pl. [From petty and
toes.]
Toes or feet of a pig, often
used as food.
;

PET'TY,

[-ER; -EST, 142.] [Fr.

1. Small; little; inconsider2. Inferior; unimportant.
a.

)
)

[Gr. <pap-

a.

jaa/cevrt/cos,

medicine, drug.] Pertaining to pharmacy, or the preparation of medicines.

Phar'ma-ceu'tics, n. sing. Science
of preparing medicinesfr. fyapfxaitov,

Phar'ma-ceu'tist,
in pharmacy.
Phar'ma-cI'st,

One

11

n.

skilled

pharmaceutist.

Phar'ma-col'o-gIst,

n. One skilled
in the composition of medicines.
[Gr. fydpfj-a-

PHAR'MA-COL'O-GY, n.
kov, drug, and Aoyos,

formerly paid by the English to the

petit.]
discourse.]
pope, being a penny for ever / house.
able.
Science of drugs, or art of preparing
Pet'I-o-lae, a.
ii. [Lat. petulantia.]
Pertaining to, or PET'U-LANCE,
medicines.
/rowing on, a petiole.
PET'U-LAN-C Y,
State of being pet- Phar']yia-o-pce'ia (-pe'ya), n. [Gr.
PET'I-O-LATE, a. Having a petiole.
ulant; freakish passion pettishness.
fydptxaKonoda, preparation of mediPET'1-OLE, n. [Lat. peiiolus, a little PET'U-LANT, a. Inclined to complain.
cines.]
A book describing the prep)
)

dim. of pes, pedis, a

The footstalk of a leaf.

foot, stem.

PET'IT

(pet'y
petit, small,

foot.]

Small;

-same

as

[Fr.

little;

Petty.

Petit jury, a jury of twelve men, in

distinction from the grand iury.
Petit
larceny, the stealing of goods of comparatively small value.

PE-TI'TION

(-tTsh'un), n.
[Lat. petipi-ayer a
beg.]
entreaty, esp. of a for-

tio, fr. petere, to

request

an

kind.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] To
request to to solicit, especially for some favor or right.

mal

make a

Pe-TI'TION-A-ry

(-tish'un-), a.

Com-

ing with, or containing, a petition.

(-tlsh'un-), n.
One
presents a petition.
(pet'te-ma'tr), n.

Pe-ti'tion-er

who

Petit-maitre

a little master.] A spruce

low that dangles about ladies
[Fr.,

fel;

coxcomb.

PET'REL,

n.
[Dim. of Peter ; probably in allusion to Peter's walking on
the sea.]
long-winged, web-footed

OR, do,

wolf. TO Oj TOOK;

fJRN,

arations of medicines

See Captious.

In a petulant PHAR'MA-Y,

Pet'u-lant-ly, adv.

Fr. pron. ptd), a.

little.]

J3yn\

manner.
Pe-tu'ni-A,

n. [Braz. petun.]
plant
bearing beautiful flowers.
(pa), n.
[Lat. podium, an elevated place, balcony.] An inclosed
seat in a church.
(pu'ter), n.
[0. Fr. peut're,
piautre, N. Fr. s'piautre.
Cf. SPELTER.] An alloy consisting chiefly
of tin and lead.
Pew'ter-er (pu'terS, n\ One who
works in pewter.
PlIA'E-TON, n. [Gr. $ae6*>v, fr. fyaeOetv, fyaiveiv, to shine.]
1. A son of
Phoebus, fabled to have begged of his
father that he would permit him to

Pew

PEWTER

guide the chariot of the sun. 2. An

open four-wheeled carriage drawn by

two horses.

[phalansteries.
Phai/an-ste'RT-AN, a. Relating to
PHAL'AN-STER'Y, n. [Gr. fydkay^, fr.
phalanx, and crepeo?, firm.] 1. The
common dwelling of the Fourierites.
2. An association organized on the
plan of Fourier.

RUE, PyLL

E,

I,

O, silent

C,6,

soft;

a dispensatory.

[Gr.

n.

<pap(u.a(cet'a, fr.

Art of preparing or compounding medicines.

PllA'ROS, n. [From <dpos, near Alexandria, where there was a famous
lighthouse.] A lighthouse a beacon.
Pha-ryn'ge-al, or Phar'yn-ge'AE, a. Belonging to the pharynx.
medicine.]

fydptx.aK.ov,

Phar'ynx

(far/inks), n. [Gr. fydpvy,

Cavity into which the
fydpvyyos.]

nose and

Phase, n.

mouth
,

pi.

open.

pha'ses.

fr.'fyaiveiv, to appear.]

[Gr. fydo-i<;,
transient

appearance which any thing mani[Phase.

fests.

Pita' s rs, n.

pi.

P HA'SEg. Same &z

Pheas'ant,

n. [Gr.
(sc.
op-

<>acna.i'6s

ins),

from

<E>ao-is,a

river in Colchis or

Pontus.]
A bird
found wild in Europe.

Phe'nix,

n.

[Gr.

A bird
fabled to exist sin-

fyoCvi^.]

^
Pheasant.

,5,hard; A; E^ISTj tfausNG; THIS.

PHENOMENAL
gle,

and

ashes.

and laws.
sophical system.

PHnyo-TECH'Nic,

n. ; pi.
[Gr. <f>aivoixevov

E-NA.
Oat.,

a.

to appear.]

An

own

phenomenon.

[a

PHE-NOM'E-NAL,
Phe-nom'e-non,

its

appearance, esp.

[Gr.

n.

<$>i6.kf),

a broad, shalvery small

low cup or bowl.]

glass bottle for liquids a vial.

Phi-lan'der, v. i. [Gr. <f>C\avSpo?,
fond of men.] To flirt to coquet.
;

a.

ing

to,

or

exhibiting, philanthropy.

PhT-lan'thro-pist,
Opconos;

n.
[Gr. <pi\dvloving, and dvGpojnos

<i'Aos,

man.] One who shows philanthropy.

Phi-lan'thro-py, n. Love of mankind

ers,

particular philo[Gr. 4>iAo?, loving,

)
Devoted to the

universal good will.

Phil'har-mon'ic, a.
[Gr. <iAo?,
loving, and dpfiovia, harmony.] Loving harmony or music.

Phos'phor-es'cent,

State of

n.

with a faint

Shining

a.

light.

Phos-phor'ic,

Pertaining

a.

to

phosphorus.

arts.

Phil'ter,

[Gr. <pL\.Tpov, from <Jun.

Aeiv, to love.]
potion or charm to
excite love.

Phiz,

Phos'phor-es'cence,
being phosphorescent.

)a.

[A contraction of physiog-

n.

nomy.] The face

Phle-bot'o-mi'st,
tices phlebotomy.
Pertain-

PhIl/an-thr6p'I,
Phil'an-throp'ic-al,

2.

phe-nom'- PHIL'O-TECH'NIC-AL,
and TexvTj, an art.]
fr. <f>aive<r-

aremarkable or unusual appearance.

Pm'AL,

PHRYGIAN

316

Pertaining to

again from

to rise

visage.
n. One

[Colloq.]
who prac-

Phos'phor-oOs,

Pertaining

a.

to,

or

obtained from, phosphorus.

Phos'PHOR-us,
i.

n.

[Gr.

e., light-bringer.]

fyixtafyopos,

The morning

1.

A combustible substance, of a

star. 2.

yellowish color, resembling fine wax.

?t.
A combination of
phosphorus with another substance.

Phos'phu-ret,

PHLE-BOT'0-MY,n.

[Gr. (jiXefiorOfxia;
<tjAe'<//, a vein, and to/utj, a
cutting.]
The act of opening a vein for the purpose of letting blood.
(i'lfcm),
n.
[Gr. Qkeyixa,

Phlegm

flame, inflammation, phlegm.] 1. One

of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. 2. Mucus of the respiratory
and digestive passages. 3. Dullness
coldness sluggishness.

PHl-LiP'pie, n.
1. A severe oration
1. Abounding in
of Demosthenes, against Philip of PHLEG-MAT'l, a.
phlegm. 2. Cold dull; heavy.
Macedon. 2. Any discourse aboundPhlo-gis'TIC, a.
1.
Partaking of
ing in acrimonious invective.
phlogiston. 2. Inflammatory.
PHi-LOL'O-GER, n. [Gr. ^lAoAoyo?
[Gr. 4>Koyno<;,
fond of literature; </>i'Aos, fond, aud PHLO-Gis'TON, n.
burnt, fr. <j)\oyieiv, to set on fire, to
Aoyos, speech, discourse.] A philologist.
burn.]
The supposed principle of
inflammability caloric.
Phil / o-l6g'I-AL, a. Pertaining to
philology.
[philology. Phlox,??. [Gr. <>A6, flame.] A genus
;

Phos'phu-ret'ed

Com-

a.

(137),

bined with phosphorus.

Pho'to-gen'ic, a. [Gr. <pa><;, <?Wr6?,

light, and yeVeiv, to produce.]
J'ertaining

to

photogeny

producing

light.

Pho-tog'e-ny,

Art of taking pictures by the action of light on a

chemically prepared ground.
n.

Pho'to-grXph,

??.

picture pro-

duced by photography.

Pho-tog'ra-pher,
Pho-tog'ra-phist,

One who

n.

practices pho-

tography.

PHO'TO-GRAPH're,
Pho'to-graph'ic-al,

la.

Pertaining to, or

obtained by, photography.

Pho-tog'ra-phy,

[Gr.

??.

<><;, <p<a-

to5, light, and ypafyeiv, to write.]

Art of producing pictures of objects
Phi-lol'o-gist, n.
of flowering plants.
One versed in
by the action of light on chemically
PhT-lol'o-gy, n. The study of lan- Phce'nix, n. See Phenix.
prepared surfaces, esp. on paper.
guage, especially in a philosophical Pho-net'I, a.
[Gr. <wvt/tikos ;
Pertaining
to
Plio-TOM'E-TER,
n. [Gr. <a>s, (fWros,
manner.
1.
a sound.]
<f><nvrj,
Phjl'O-MATH, n. [Gr. 4>ikop.a6y<; ;
light, and fj-erpov, measure.]
2. Representthe voice, or its use.
An incfk'Aos, loving, and ju.a07j, learning.] A
strument
for
mensuring
ing sounds.
the relative

Pho-net''^s

lover of learning.

Phi-lom'a-thy, n. Love of learning.

Phil'o-MEL,
\n. [ from Philomela
PhIl'O-me'la, j of Athens, changed
into a nightingale.] Tae nightingale.
PhTl'O-PE'NA, n. [Prob. fr. Gr. </u'Aos,
a friend, and Lat. poena, penalty.] A
email present or forfeit of one friend
to another, arising out of their partaking together of a double-kerueled

almond.

netics

human

n.

Love of offspring or

PHONETIC.
A mark indi-

as

1.

cating a distinct spoken sound. 2.

An instrument for registering and
re-producing sounds.

Pho-nog'ra-pher,

$os

wise.]

cfk'Aos,

a lover,

One versed

<iA6o-o-

and

in, or

cr6(/>os,

devoted

to,

based upon, phonography.

sound, and

Pertainiug to, or pro|

ceeding from, philosophy. 2. Skilled
in philosophy rational wise.
Phll'o-soph'ic-al-ly, adv. In a
philosophical manner.
Phi-los'o-phism, n. Love or use of
a.

1.

seology.

[Gr.

n.

ypd<j>tcv,

to

$wi/?j.

write.]
A
by distinct-

representation of sounds
ive characters a system of short;

arguments.

Phi-los'o-phxst,

n.

of

Phi-los'o-phize, v.
[-ED -ING.j
To reason like a philosopher
to
search into the reason and nature of
?'.

)
I

Pertaining
to phonology.
One versed in

a.

phonology.

Pho-nol'o-GY,

n. [Gr. <fW??., sound,

A science of
discourse.]

the elementary sounds uttered by the

human voice in speech phonetics.
Pho-not'y-py, n. [Gr. <?Wr?, sound,
and tvttos, tvpe.J Art of representing sounds by distinct characters.
Phos'phate,ji. A salt of phosphoric
;

lover

sophistry.
:

PHRA^E-OL'O-GY,

n.

[Gr.

<f>pd(ri<;,

phrase, and Aoyo?, speech, discourse.]

1. Manner of expression
peculiar
;

words u^ed in a sentence.

2.

col-

lection of phrases in a language.

PHO'NO-LOG'ie,
Pho/no-LOG'I-AL,
Pho'nol'o-g:st, n.
and Aoyos,

peculiar words.
)

hand.

philosophy.

PhDl/o-soph'ic,
PHlL/O-SOPH'ie-AL,

fallacious

One

n.

phonography.

Pho-nog'ra-phy,
[Gr.

Phra'se-o-log'ic,
la. PertainPhra'se-o-log'I-AL, ) ing to phra-

in pho-

a phonologist.

PHON'I, a. Same
Pho'no-graph, .

in

nies, offspring.]

Pertaina.
ing to, or

Pho-tom'e-try,

voice.

One versed

n. PHO'NO-GRAPH're,
PhPLO-pro-gen'i-tIve-ness,
[Gr. <t>i\os, loving, and Lat. proge- Pho'ko-graph'I-al,

of young children.
PhI-los'o-pher, n.

skilled

intensities of light.
n.
Science which
treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.
Phrase, n. [Gr. <fjpd<xis, fr. (pdeiV,
to speak.]
1. A brief expression, or
part of a sentence. 2.
short, pithy,
and familiar expression. 3. Style of
expression; diction.
v. t.
[-ED;
-ing.]
To express in words, or in

Science of the

.*.

r>

sounds of the

PHON'E-TIST,

acid.

Syx. See Diction.

Phre-net'ic, a. Frantic

Frantic.
PlIRE-NI'TIS,

n. [Gr.

mad-

See

<f>pevtTi<s; (ppijv,

1. Inflammation of
midriff, mind.]
the brain. 2. Madness. See FRENZY.
I
a. Pertaining
to phren)

Phren'o-log'ic,
PhrEN'o-log'ic-al,
ology.

Phre-nol'o-gist,

n.

One versed iu

phrenology.

Phre-ivol'o-GY, n. [Gr. <J>p7j?', 4> pf The

vos, mind, and Aoyos, discourse
]

PHOS'PHOR-ATE, V. t. [-EB -ING.]

things.
theory that the mental faculties are
To combine with phosphorus.
Phi-los'o-phy, n. 1. Knowledge of
shown on the surface of the skull.
phenomena as explained by, and re- PlIOS'PHOR-EsCE', v.t. [-ED; -ING.] Phren'y, n. Same as Frenzy.
To shine, as phosphorus does.
PHRYG'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Phrygsolved into, causes and reasons, pow;

I, E,

I,

O,

fj,

Y,long;

Ajli^l',

6, D, Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TB,JI;

PIQUE, FIRM; B^xV

PHTHISIC
ia

applied

tiz'ik),

Same as PHTHI-

re.

SIS.

EST* This term is sometimes popularbut erroneously, applied to any difficulty of breathing.
ly,

Phthis'ic-al
Phthis'?ck-y
:

belonging

(tlz'ik-al),

(tiz'ik-y),

(thi'sis),

or

ing,

Pulmon-

waste away.]
ary consumption.

fr. <f>6ieiv, to

PhY-LA'TER-Y, re.

[Gr. <f>v\aKTrjpLov,

a guard.]
1. Any
2. (Jewish Antiq.)
or spell.
of parchment on which were
written certain passages of the Pentateuch.
[See Physical.]
1.
Phys/ic, re.
Theory or practice of medicine. 2.
Internal application for the cure of

from

<pv\cucTT)p,

charm

A slip

3. A purge a cathartic.
t.
[-ED -ING, 135.] 1. To treat
with physic to purge. 2. To cure.

sickness.

v.

[Lat.,

a tender moth-

er.]
The vascular membrane invest[piano-forte.
ing the brain.
PI-A'nist, re.
A performer on the
Pi-A'NO, a. [It.] (Mus.) Soft;

direction to the performer.

Pi-A'NO,

)re.
)

[It.

and

piano,

soft,

forte, strong.]

keyed musical instrument.

Pi-az'za

[Gr. 4>0L<n$,

re.

MA'TER.

Hav- PI-A'NO-FOR'TIJ,

a.

to, the phthisic.

FhthI'SIS

PIED

317
kind of PT'A

to a sprightly

music among the ancients.

Phthis/ic

(147),

[It.

re.

See

Place.]

1. A kind of portico, supported by

columns. 2. A square open space
surrounded by buildings. [Italy.]

a.

from

[Gr. 4>v<nc6s,

nature.] 1. Pertaining to nature, as including all created existences

also, relating to natural or
material things.
2. Pertaining- to
physics, or the science of nature. 3.
[manner.
Corporeal external.
Phys'ic-al-LY, adv.
In a physical
<pvai<s,

Phy-si'cian

(-zish'an), n.

One

skilled

a doctor of medicine.
in ptiysic
Phys'1-cist, n. One versed in physics.
PHYS'ICS, re. sing.
[Gr. <^v<riicrj (sc.
;

See PHYSICAL.]
Science
of nature or of natural objects especially, natural philosophy.
PHfs'i-OG-NOM'ie,
a.
PertainPHYga-OG-NOM'IC-AL, j
ing
to
6ewpia).

physiognomy.
Phys/i-og-nom'ics,
as

sing.

Same

Physiognomy.

Phys'i-og'no-mist, re.
One skilled
in physiognomy.
Phy'i-6g'no-my, re. [Gr. <>v(noyvfjLOvia. ;
<f>va-is, nature, and yvio/u.wv,
a judge.]

Art or science of

1.

dis-

cerning the character of the mind

from the features of the face.
2.
particular expression of countenance.
Phys/i-o-log'ic,
a. Relating to
Phys'i-o-log'ic-al, J
physiology.
I

PHYsa-OL'O-GlST,

n.

One who

PHYS/I-OL'0-GY,re. [Gr. $vcrio\oyCa

nature, and Aoyo?, discourse.]
That department of natural science
which treats of she organs and their
<f>v<ri<;,

functions.
(fe/z5k'), n.

[Fr.]

Phys-

ical structure of a person.

[Gr. <pvTov, a
re.
plant, and ypd^etv, to write.] A description of plants.
Phy-tol'o-gy, re. [Gr. 4>vtcv, plant,
and Aoyos, discourse.]
A discourse
or treatise on plants botany.
Pi, re.
Type confusedly mixed.
PI-AG'U-LAR, a. [Lat. piacularis, fr.
piaculum, a propitiatory sacrifice.]
1. Expiatory having power to atone.
2. Criminal
atrociously bad.

Phy-tog'ra-phy,

OR, DO,

WOLF, TO"b, TOOK

PIck'pock-et,

One who

re.

stealc

from the pocket of another.

',

directory for devotional services.

kind of type of two sizes.

3.

This type
This type

is pica.

is

an excursion of pleasure into the

country also the party itself, v.i.
To go on a picnic.
PlT, re. One of a tribe of Scythians
;

who_settled in Scotland.
Pertaining to(89), a.
or illustrated by, pictures.
Pic-to'ri-al-ly, adv. In a picto

Pic-to'ri-al

small pica.

Pi'A-dor', re. [Sp.] A horseman

armed with a lance in a bull-fight.
rial manner.
PlC A-RO"ON', re. [Sp. picaron, augm. Pict'ure (53),
/

A plunderer of
wrecks a pirate.
Pie'A-YtJNE', re. [Indian.] A small
coin of the value of 6| cents.
Pic'CA-LlL'Lljre. A pungent East Indian pickle.
Pick, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S. pyof picaro, a rogue.]
;

can,pecca?i. Cf. Peck.] 1. To strike

at with any thing pointed to open,
as a lock to separate, as wool, oakum, &c. 2. To pull apart or away
to pluck. 3. To cleanse, by remov;

[Lat. pictura,

re.

from

pingere, to paint.] 1. A likeness

drawn in colors any graphic representation. 2. Art or representation
by drawing or painting. 3. That
which, by its likeness, brings vividly
to mind some other thing.
Painting.
Every kind of
Syn\
drawing is a picture, whether in pencil,
crayons, or India ink, &c; a, painting ia
a representation by means of color. This
holds good in a figurative sense; the historian draws a lively picture, the poet
paints in glowing colors.
[-ED; -ING.] To draw or
v. t.
paint a resemblance of to represent.
Pict'ur-esque', a. Fitted to form a
good or pleasing picture.
;

ing with a pointed instrument. 4.

To take up suddenly. 5. To choose
to select
hence, to desire. 6. To
bring together.
v.i.
1.
To eat
slowly.
2. To do any thing nicely. Pid'dle, t<. i.
[A different spelling
re.
3. To steal.
1. A sharp-pointed
of peddle.] 1. To spend time in tria pickax. 2. Choice.
tool
fling objects.
2.
To eat or drink
PIck'a-nin'ny, re. [Prop. fr. Sp. pisqueamishly. 3. To urinate.
aade nirio.] A negro or mulatto in- Pie (pi), re. 1. [Cbntr. fr. Eng. pasty.]
[Southern Stales.]
fant.
Paste baked with something in it or
Pick'ax, ) re. A pick
under it, as apple, &c. 2. [Lat. pica.]
Pick' axe, J with a point
A magpie. [See PICA.] 3. The old
at one end or at each {
Roman Catholic service-book. 4.
end.
Same as Pi.
Pic k'e d T60) a. PointPlE'BALD, a. [For pie-balled, fr. pie >
Flckax
ed; sharp.
the magpie.] Of various colors.
PiCK'ED-NESS. re.
State of being Piece, re. [Fr. piece, of Celtic origin.)
picked, or pointed.
1. A fragment or part of any thing;
Pick'er-EL, re. [Dim. of pike.] A
portion.
2. An individual article;
fresh-water fish a kind of pike.
single effort definite performance.
Pic K'E T, re. [Fr. piquet, prop. dim.
Syn\ Distance.
Some, among our
common people, use piece for distance in
of pique, pike.] 1. A stake or narphrases like this: " He went forward a
row board sharpened. 2. (Mil.) A
piece" meaning, over a piece or portion
guard posted in front of an army, so
of the road. This has no sanction in
as to form a chain of outposts.
v.
good usage, and ought to be avoided ae a
gross vulgarism.
t. [-ED;
-ING.] 1. To fortify with
pickets.
2. To fasten to a picket.
v.t.
[-ed;-ing.] Toenlargeor
Pick'ET-GUARD, re. A guard of horse
mend by adding a piece to patch.
and foot always in readiness in case
v.i.
To be compacted, as parts
of alarm.
into a whole.
PlCK'ING, re. 1. Act of plucking. 2. Piece'meal, adv. [See Meal.] In
That which is left to be picked. 3.
or by pieces by little and little.
a.
Act of stealing.
Single separate.
PICK'LE (plk'l), re. [H. Ger. pdkel; Pied, a. [Eng. pie, the party-colored
so called, some say, after one Wm.
bird ] Variegated with spots
;

is

versed in physiology.

Physique

[Gael, piobaireachd
wild, irregular spe-

re.

re.

Pdkel, who invented the art of pickling herrings.] 1. A solution of salt

and water for preserving fish and
meat brine. 2. Vinegar, sometimes
spiced, in which vegetables, &c, may
be preserved. 3. Article of food preserved in vinegar. 4. A disagreeable
position.
[-ed; -ing.] To
v. t
preserve in brine or pickle.
Pick'lock, re. A person or tool to
open locks without the key.

Pick'wick, re. A pointed instrument

for picking up the wick of a lamp.
pipe-music] A
cies of music played on the bagpipe. PIC'NIC, re. [From Fr. piquer, to prick,
Pi'cA, re. [Lat. pica, a pie, magpie.]
to lard, and nique, a small coin.] An
1. The magpie. 2. (R. Cath. Church.)
entertainment carried by a party on
Pl'BROCH,

Ph$s'I-al,

RN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

C,G,so/*; ,&,hard; Ag; EXIST;

N,

as

NG THIS
;

PIER

PINEAL

318

PIER, n. [Fr. pierre, a stone.] 1. A PILE, m. [Lat. pila, a ball, globe, pila,
mass of stone-work for supporting
a pier of stone.] 1. A roundish
mass of things a heap. 2. A mass
an arch, &c. 2. Part of the wall of
regularly formed by lasers, and dea house between the windows or
;

doors.
Stone-work,
3.
into the sea a mole. 4.
;

projecting

project-

ing wharf.

Pierce,

[-ed;-ing.] [Fr.per-

t<.{.

Lat. perbeat, push,

thrust into or

cer, contr. fr. pertuisier, fr.

tundere, per tu sum,

to

bore through.] 1. To
transfix with a pointed instrument.
2. To force a way into. 3. To touch,
as the affections. 4. To dire into, as

secret.

v.

i.

1.

To

pointed instrument.
way into or through.
trate, as into a secret.

Pierce 'A-BLE,

a.

pierced.

PlER'-GLASS,
Pi-e'ri-an

n.

(89), a.

2.

enter, as a
To force a
3.

To pene-

signed for a special use. 3. A large

building, or mass of buildings. 4.
[A.-S. pil, stake, Lat. pila, a pillar.]
A pointed piece of timber, driven
into the earth.
5. [Lat. pilus, hair.]
The nap, as of velvet.
v. t. [-ed
-ING.] 1. To lay or throw into a pile.
2. To fill above the brim or top.
Piles, 71.pl. [Lat. pila, a ball.] A
disease consisting of tumors of blood
about the anus.
PIl'fer, v. i. [-ed; -ING.] [See
Pelf.] To practice petty theft.

PlL'FER-ER,

One who

re.

pilfers.

ticularly

ous. 2.
1.

2.

where navigation

A guide.

danger-

is

[-ED; -ING.]

v.t.

To direct the course of, as a ship.

To guide through difficulties.

Pl'LOT-AGE

(45), n.

Compensation

1.

to a pilot. 2. The guidance of a pilot.

Pl'LOT-BREAD, n. Hard bread or

ship biscuit.

Pi'lot-L6th,

n.

coarse, stout

kind of cloth.
,

Pl'LOtJS. a.

[See

PILOSE.]

nairyj

abounding with hair.

PI-men'ta, )n. [From Lat. pigmen-

Pi-MEN'TO,

turn, a paint, juice of

)
plants.] Aromatic fruit of a certain
tree; allspice.
Pimp, n. [Cf. Fr. pimpant, smart,
sparkish.] A procurer a pander.

Capable of being Pil-gXr'li, re. [See Pill, to rob,

to pillage.]
[between windows.
One who has lost his
hair by disease; a poor, forsaken
A mirror hanging
wretch.
[From Mt. Pierus,

-ING.] To procure lewd

women for the gratification of others.
PlM'PER-NEL, n. [N.Lat.pimpinella,
L. Lat. bipinnella, for bipinnula, twowinged.] A plant of several species.
v.

[-ED

i.

Pertaining to the Pil'grim, re. [From Lat. peregrinus,

a foreigner.]
A traveler especially PlM'PLE (pTm'pl), n. [A.-S. pinpel,
[between windows.
one who travels to a distance to visit
pustule, pipelian, to blister.]
A table standing
A
a holy place.
Pl'E-TlgM, re. Religion of the Pietists.
small pointed elevation of the cuticle,
differing from a pustule in not conPi'e-tist, n. One of a class of relig- PIl'grim-age, re. A journey to a
shrine or other sacred place.
taining pus or a fluid.
ious reformers in Germany who have
Pim'plbd (pim'pld), a. Full of, or
sought to restore piety to the ProtesSyn. See Journey.
tant churches.
abounding in, pimples.
PIll, m. [Lat. pila, a ball, pilula, a
Pin, n.
Pl'E-TY, n. [Lat. pietas, piety pivs,
[Icel. pinni, W. pin.]
1. A
little ball, a pill.]
1. A little ball of
pious.] 1. Affectionate reverence of
pointed instrument of wood or metmedicine. 2. Any thing nauseous.
parents, friends, &c. 2. Zealous deal.
2. A thing of trifling value
a
[-ED
-ING.] [Fr. piller.
v. t.
trifle.
votion to the service of God.
3. That which resembles a
See Peel.] To rob to pillage.
Syn.
See Religion.
pin in its form or use.
v. t. [-NED
PtL'LAGE (45), re. [Fr. See supra.]
PIg, re. [D. big, bigge.] 1. The young
-NING ] 1. To fasten, as with a pin.
1. Act of plundering. 2. That which
of swine.
2. To inclose
2. An oblong mass of
to pen.
is taken from another by open force,
Pin'a-fore', n. An apron to cover
metal, v. t. or?, [-ged; -ging.]
especially in war.
1.
To bring forth pigs. 2. To lie
the front part of the l>ody a tier.
Syn.
Plunder.
Pillage refers par- PiN'-eASE, n. A case for holding pins.
together like pigs.
ticularly to the act of stripping the sufPig'eon (pij'un), n. [From Lat. pipio,
PIn'CERS, n. pi.
[Fr.pivcc, pincers,
ferers of their poods, while plunder refers
a young chirping bird.] A gallinafrom ptncer, to pinch.] Pinchers.
to the removal of the things thus taken.
Under these aspects the words are freely PINCH (66), v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr.
ceous birdj of several species.
interchanged.
PlG'EON-HOLE, re. A little division
pincer, from 0. D. pitsen, to pinch,
in a case for papers.
[are kept.
cut.]
1. To squeeze as between the
v. I.
[-ED; -ING.]
To strip of
Pig'ger-y, re. A place where swine
2. To squeeze between any
fingers.
money or goods by open violence to
PlG'GIN, n.
[Gael, pigean, dim. of
two hard bodies. 3. To oppress with
plunder.
pigeacfh, an earthen jar or pot.] A PlL'LA-GER, re. One who pillages.
want.
v.
1. To act with presssmall wooden dipper with an erect PlL'LAR, re. [Lat. pila.] 1. A column
ing force to bear hard.
2. To be
handle.
covetous.
n.
1. A squeezing with
to support an arch, a roof, &c. 2.
PIg'ment, re. [Lat pigmentum, fr.
the ends of the fingers also, that
That which resembles such a pillar.
the root of pingere, to paint.] A Pill'ION (-yun), re. [Lat. pilus, hair.
which is taken between them.
color for painting paint.
Cf. Pillow.]
A cushion attached PInch'BECK, a. [From the name of
Pig'my, n. See Pygmy.
An alloy of copper
the inventor.]
to the hinder part of a saddle, as a
Pig'no-ra'tion, re. [L. Lat. pignoand zinc, resembling gold.
second seat.
ratio, fr. pignorare, to pledge.]
Act Pil'lo-ry, re. [L. Lat. pili orium., fr. PiNCH'ER, n. pi. [From pinch.] An
of pledging or pawning.
instrument for griping things to be
Lat. pila, a pillar.] A frame through
Pig'tail, re. 1. The tail of a pig. 2.
held fast, &c.
which the head and hands of a crimHair tied in the form of a pig's tail
A small cushion
inal were put, to punish him.
v. t. Pin'cush-ion, n.
a cue. 3. A roll of twisted tobacco.
in which pins may be stuck.
[-ED; -ING.] To punish with the
Pike, re. [Fr. pique, H. Ger. pieke.
PlN-DAR'l, n. An irregular ode in
pillory.
Cf. Lick and Leak.]
1.
A long PTl'low, re. [0. Eng. pilewe ,peloive
imitation of these of Pindar, an anstaff, with a pointed steel head
a
a.
After the
from Lat. pulvinus.] A cushion to
cient Grecian poet.
spear. 2. A voracious fresh-water
style of Pindar.
support the head.
[-ED
v. t.
fish.
3. A turnpike road.
1. A genus
[Lat. plnns.]
-ING.] To rest or lay for support. PlNE,n.
PXk'ed (60), a. Ending in a
Pil'low-bier, 1 re. [L. Ger. bine or
of trees of many species, or its wood.
point.
v. i. [-ED -ING. ]
PlL'LOW-CASE,
2. A pine-apple.
buhre^ a pillowTo los
Pike'staff (149), re. Staff
1.
case.]
A covering for a pillow.
[A.-S. ptnan, pinion]
or shaft of a pike.
2. To languish
lean.
Pi-lose', a. [Lat. pilosus, fr. pilus,
to
grow
flesh
P!f-L*s'TER, re. [L. Lat. piTo wear out to
hrir.]
v. t.
with desire.
Hairy
covered with long,
lastrum, fr. Lat. pila, a pildistinct hairs.
make to languish.
lar.]
A square column,
Pi-los'I-ty, n. Hairiness.
Pl-NE'AL, or PlN'E-AL, a. [Lat. pinea,
usually set within a wall.
Pl'LOT. re. [Prob. fr. L. Ger. pilen,peicone of a pine, from pinus, a pine.]
Pfi/CHARD, re. A fish resem- Pilaslen, to measure, and Ger. loth, plumPertaining to, or resembling a pineter.
bling the herring.
met.] 1. One who steers ships, parcone.
in

Thessaly.]

Muses._

PlER'-TA'BLE,

re.

?'.

Kj E,

I,

d,U,Y,Zon7 A,

ii,I,

6, G, Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VFJL, TERM', PIQUE, FIRM S6N,
;

i>INE-APPLE

PlN'NA-t'LE, n. [Lat. pinnaculum,fr.

pinna, pinnacle.] 1. A slender pointed turret. 2. A high, spiring point.
[Lat.
PIn'NATE,
a.
pinnatus,
I

PlN'NA-TED,
like

1. Shaped
Furnished with

feathered.]

a feather.

2.

fins.

PINT, n. [A.-S.pynt.] Haifa quart.

In medicine, twelve ounces.
PlN'TLE (pin'tl), n. [A dim. of pin.]

long iron bolt to prevent the

of a cannon. 2. A hook on
which a rudder is hung to its post.
(-warm), n.
PIN'A thread1.

recoil

WORM

like intestinal worm.

a.
Abounding with pines.
[Fr. pionnier, orig. a
n.
foot-soldier.]
One who goes before
to remove obstructions or prepare
the way for another hence, a first
[-ED; -ING.]
settler.
v. t.
To
go before and prepare a way for.
Pi'o-ny, n. See Peony.
PI'ous, a.
[Lat. pius.]
1. Having
filial reverence for a parent. 2. Hav-

PlN'y,

Pl'O-NEER',

ing, or dictated
love toward the

by, reverence and

Supreme Being. 3.
show of religion.

Practiced under a

Syn. Godly; devout;

religious; holy.

Pi'oBs-ly, adv.

In a pious manner.
[L. Lat. pipita, from Lat.
slime or phlegm; in fowls,

PIp, n.

and Jutfos, stone.] A calcareous stone,

PlP'ER, n. One who plays on a pipe.
made up of smalt globular concrePlP'lNG, p. a. 1. Giving forth a weak,
tions.
shrill sound. 2. Simmering boiling.
[Colloq.]
[From pipe.] A kind PlS'SAS-PHALT, n. [Gr. 7.-io-(rao-<f>aAn.
[earthen boiler.
of cord trimming,
tos ; nCcraoL, pitch, turpentine, and
PlP'KIN, n. [Dim. of pipe.] A small
<xo-</>aA.TOs asphalt.]
Earth-pitch a

like a pin in form.

[Fr. Lat.
PlN'lON (-yun), n.
1.
pinna, feather, wing.]
A feather a quill. 2. A
wing
Joint
of
a
wing.
3.
most remote from the body.
4. A shackle for the arm. 5. A small
toothed wheel, working into a larger
[-ED -ING.] To bind
v. t.
one.
the wings or a^ma of.
PINK, n. [From D. pinken,pinkoogen,
to twinkle with the eyes.] 1. A small
3.
eye. 2. A plant, and its flower.
A combination of a pure vivid red
with more or less white. 4. Something supremely excellent
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To work in eyeletholes to cut or work in small scolto pierce.
2. To stab
lops.
PlN'-MdN'EY, n. Money allowed a
wife for her private expenses.
[Lat. pinus, a pinePlN'NACE, n.
tree, any thing made of pine.]
1. A
2. A boat
small vessel.
usually
rowed with eight oars.

PITCHY

319

PlNE'-AP-PLE, n. A tropical
plant and its conical fruit
PIn'-feath'er, n. A small
or short feather somewhat

pituita,
the pip.]

1. A disease of fowls.
2.
[Fv.pepin.] Seed of an apple, orange,
&c.
A spot on cards.
3
v. i.
[See Peep.]
To cry or chirp, as a
chicken.
PlPE,n. [A.-S. pipe, Icel. pipa. Cf.

PlP'PlN, n. [Prob. fr. pip, a spot, because of the spots on its skin.] A
kind of tart apple.

PIqu'an-cy

soft_bitumen.

PlS-TA'9HIO

(pis-ta'sho), n.
[Sp , fr
Gr. 7ncrrd/aoi> ] The nut of a kind

of turpentine -tree.
A silver coin of tho
value of 17 or 18 cents.
Pis'til, n. [N. Lat., fr. Lat. pisness; severity.
tillum, a pestle.] An organ in a
PlQU'ANT (pik'ant), a. [Fr., p. pr. of
flower, inclosing the seed; a
piquer, to prick.] 1. Stimulating to
carpel.
the tongue.
tart pun2. Sharp
Pls'TOL, n. [From Pistoja, 0.
gent severe.
It. Pistola, where
they weret
PIqu'ant-ly (pTk'ant-), adv. In a
first made.]
A small fire-arm,
piquant manner.
to be fired from one hand.
v. p; 3 .
Pique (peek), n. [Fr.] k feeling of
t.
[-ED, -ING; or -LED, -LING, til.
annoyance or resentment awakened
b
To
137.]
shoot
with
a
pistol.
by a social slight or injury.
v. t.
(pik'an-sy), n.

State or

PYs'ta-reen', n

quality of being piquant.

Sharpness

Syn.

pungency

tart-

[-ED; -ING.]
cite to anger.

1.

2.

[It. pistola, contr. fr.

To excite; to ex- Pis-tole', n.
piastuola, dim. of piastra, a piaster.]
To excite to action

by causing resentment or jealousy.

3.

To

pride or value.

Syn.

To

Pl-QUET'

offend; irritate; nettle.

(pT-ket/), n.

[Fr.]

A game

at cards played between two persons.

PVRA-9Y, n. [Gr. TretpaTeta.] 1. Robbery on the high seas. 2. Infringement of the law of copyright.
Pl'RATE (45), n. [Gr. 7retpa-nj5, from
iretpav, to attempt.]
the high seas.
2.

1.

robber on

An armed vessel
sailing without a legal commission,
for the purpose of plundering.
3.
One who publishes the writings of
others without permission.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To tako by theft, or
without right or permission.
PI-rXt'I-al, a. Pert lining to a pirate practicing piracy.
[manner.
Pl-RAT'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a piratical
Pl-ROGUE' (pl-rog'), n. [Orig. an Indian word.] 1. A canoe formed out
of the trunk of a tree. 2. A kind of
[narrow ferry-boat. [Amer.]
Pir/ou-ette', n. [Fr., prop. a turning wheel.] A whirling about on the
toes in dancing.

Pis'ca-RY, n.

[Lat. piscarius, relat-

ing to fishes, from pisr.is, a fish.]

Right of fishing in another man's
waters. _

Pis'A-to'ri-al,
Pls'A-TO-RY,

} a.

gold coin of Spain worth about

$3.60.

Pls'TON,n

[Lat. piscatori-

us,fr. piscator,&
]
fisherman.] Relating to fishes or to
fishing.

[From Lat. pinsere,pis-

tum, to stamp.]

short cylinder
a pump

fitting exactly the cavity of

or barrel, within which it moves.

PIT, n. [A.-S. pytt ov pitt.] 1. A large,
deep hole in the ground.
2. An
abyss; hell.
3. The grave.
4. An
indenture or mark in the flesh. 5.
Lowest place in a theater. 6. An
area for a cock or dog fight.
v t.

[-TED

1. To indent. 2. To
hollows. 3. To introduce as an antagonist to.
PIt'a-pat', adv.
[An onomatope.]
;

-TING.]

mark with

little

In a flutter with palpitation.

PITCH, n. 1. [Lat. pix, Gr. 7ri<ro-a.]
;

thick, black, sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. 2. Turpentine. [Improper.] 3. [See PEAK.]
A point, peak, or degree of elevation.
4. Degree of elevation of the voice, or

of an instrument, &c.

5.

Degree

rate
position.
6. Beginning of a
declivity; the declivity itself slope.
7. Distance from center to center of
any two adjacent teeth of gearing.
[-ED; -ing.\
v. t.
1. To cover
over or smear with pitch.
2. To
darken as if by smearing with pitch
to obscure.
3.
[A.-S. pyccan, t^
prick.
[See Pick.] To throw
toss.
4. To plant
to set in array.
5. To fix the tone of.
v. i.
1. To
light
2. To fall headto settle.
long. 3. To fix choice.
4. To encamp. 5. To rise and fall, as a ship.
PlTCH'ER, n. [0. Fr. picker, pichier,
0. H. Ger. bechar , pechar Cf. BEAKER.] A vessel with a spout for pouring out liquors.
Pitch'fork, n. A fork to throw hay
or sheaves of grain.
PItch'-pine. n. One of several resinous species of pine.
;

PIs'pE, n. pi,
[Lat. piscis, a fish.]
The Fishes, the twelfth sign of the
zodiac.

Pis'ci-cult'ure (53), n. [Lat. piscis,

a fish, and cultura, culture.] Artificial propagation and nurture of
fish.

PlsH, interj. Pshaw;

an exclamaFife.] 1. A cylindrical wind intion of contempt.
v. i. To express
strument of music.
2. Any long
contempt by Apish.
tube, esp. one with a bowl for smok- PIs'MlRE, n.
[Eng. piss, and mire; Pitch'-pipe, n. A wind instrument
ing. 3. A cask of 126 gallons, used for
because it discharges a kind of moistfor regulating the pitch of the key
wine.
[-ED-. -ING.]
1. To
ure, regarded by the vulgar as urine.
v. i.
of a tune.
play on a pipe
2. To have a shriU
See MIRE.] The ant or emmet.
PItch'y, a.
Pertaining to, or like,
sound to whistle.
Pl'SO-LiTE (49), n. [Gr. *riW, a pea,
pitch dark

R, DQ,

WOLF, TOO, TO~OK URN, RUE, PULL

,-

E,

I,

O, silent

C, G, soft; , G, hard;

As

EIST

n,

as

NG THia
;

PITEOUS
;

manner.

PlT'FALL,

n.
pit slightly covered,
for catching wild beasts or men.
PIth, n. [A.-S. pidha.] 1. The soft,
spongy substance in the center of
many plants. 2. The spinal cord
3. Vital or essential
the marrow.
;

part

strength

importance.

taining, or full of, pith.

ble energetic.

Forci-

2.

PIt'1-a-ble, a.
pity;
Deserving
worthy of compassion.
PIt'i-ful, a. 1. Full of pity; tender;
;

Syn. See Contemptible.

pitiful

PlT'l-FUL-NESS, n.
Pit'i-less,

State of being
Destitute of pity.
adv.
In a pitiless

a.

PlT'MAN
a

One who works in

sawing timber, &c.

(150), n.

pit, as in

PIt'saw, n. A saw worked vertically

by two men.
PlT'TANCE,n. [L. Lat. pittantia,orig.
pity,

Lat. pietas.]

fr.

gift. 2.

Any

1.

small allowance

PI-TU'i-ta-ry,

a.

[Lat.

charity
a trifle.
pituita,

Secreting phlegm or mu[sembling, mucus.

cus,
Pi-tu'i-tous, a. Consisting of, or re-

phlegm.]

[From Lat. pietas, piety,

n.
kindness.] 1. The feeling or suffering, excited by the distiesses of another. 2. Thing to be regretted.
Syn. Compassion; sympathy. Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requires a certain degree of equality
in situation, circumstances, &c, for its
fullest exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness for another under severe or inevPity regards its obitable misfortune.
ject not only as suffering, but weak, and

PlT'Y,

hence as inferior.
v.t. [-ED -ING-, 142.] To feel
pain or grief for to have sympathy
v i. To be compassionate
for.

n.
[Fr. pivot, for pipot, from
pin fixed only at one
pipe, a pipe.]

and on which any thing turns.

Pix, n. Same as Pyx.
Pea^a-bTl'j-ty, n. Quality of beend,

[Lat. placabilis ; plaCapable of

cate, to quiet, pacify.]
being appeased or pacified.
plaquer, to
fr.
n.
[Fr.,
iPl.A-cXRD',
written or printed
Jay or clap on.]
place.
v.
public
paper posted in a
[-ED -ing.] To post, as a writt.
a.

ing, in a public place.

JLA'CATE,*?. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
j>lacare, -catum, from placer e, to
please.]
I,

To appease or

o,v f, long;
}

degree especially
A dwelling a man;

country.

Room

stead.

town, or city. 6.
Opportunity.
8.
[-ED -ING.]
v. t.

7.

To assign a place

1.

to

to fix.

2.

X,

pacify.

E,S,o,0, ,

planctum, to complain.] Audible expression of sorrow complaint.

gere,

PLAINT'IFF,

n.
[Fr. plaintif making
complaint.] One who commences a
personal action or suit in law.
Plaint'Ive. a. 1. Expressive of sorrow complaining. 2. Serious sad.
Plaint'Ive-ly, adv. In a plaintive
;

manner.

rank or office. Plaint'ive-ness, n. Quality or etato

of being plaintive.
One who has
PLAIT, n. [Gr. irheicrri, a twisted rope,
under a government.
string.]
1. A fold; a doubling.
PLA-pEN'TA, n. [Lat., a cake.] The
2.
soft, spongy disk which connects the
A braid, as of hair or straw. v. t.
mother with the fetus in the womb.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To fold to double
PL A- CER' pla-thar'; by Mexicans and,
in narrow folds.
2. To braid; to

To put

in a particular
(150) n.

Place'MAN
office

Californians pla-sar / ), n. [Sp.] A

gravelly place where gold is found.
PlXc'ID, a. [Lat. placid it s ; placere,
,

contented seto please.] Pleased

rene tranquil.
State
or quality of
n.
being placid.
;

In a placid man-

PlXc'id-ly, adv.
;

calmly.

[id.

State of being placAct or practice of

plagiarizing.

[izes.

To entangle to involve.
[Lat. planus, flat, level.] 1.
especially the
or form
representation of any horizontal section.
2. A method of action or procedure expressed in language.
plat.

Plan,

3.

n.

A draught

See

Scheme.
[-ned; -ning.] 1. To form
a draught of. 2. To scheme to deSyn.

v.t.

vise.

Syn.

To sketch

PlX'giA-R/st, n. One who plajriar- PlXnch'et, n.

PLA'GIA-RIZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
small board, dim.
from the writings of

steal or purloin

another.

Practicing literary theft.

Plague

(plag),

blow, stroke.]
or calamity. 2.

[Lat. plaga, a
afflictive evil
pestilential disease.

n.

Any

1.

v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
to tease.
2. To infest
evil of any kind.

1. To vex;
with natural

Syn. To torment harass

PLAGU'I-LY (plag'I-ly), adv.
;

In a plain manner.
n. 1.
Level land and usually, an open
;

field.

2.

field

of battle. is.

To

level;

to

t.

make

plain or even.
n. One who speaks
out his views with great plainness.
n.
A speaking or
acting with openness and sincerity.
Plain'ly, adv. In a plain manner.
Plain'ness (109), n. Quality or state
of being plain.
Plain'-spor/jen (20), a. Speaking
wjth plain, unreserved sincerity.
Plaint, n. [Lat. planctus, fr. plan-

Plain'-deal'er,

Plain'-deal'ing,

short;

[Lat. planus.]

a.

Without

elevations or depressions even level

flat
pertaining to a plane.
n.
1. A level surface, real or imaginary.2. A tool for smoothing boards or
-ing.]
other surfaces.
v. t. [-ED
To make smooth to free from ine;

qualities.

PlXn'ET,

n.

[Gr.

wAa^r*}?,

and

7rAavT)?, 7rAavrjTOs, a planet

prop, a
wanderer.]
celestial body revolv;

ing about the sun.

An astronomVexa- PlXn'et-a'ri-UM, n.
ical machine representing the mo-

homely.

Plane,

annoy.

distinct;

[Fr. planchette, a
of/>Za/ic/ie,aboard,

disk of metal ready to be

tiously; extremely.
[Low.]
PLAGU'Y(plag/y), a.Vexatious. [Low.]
Plaice, n. [Lat. platessa.]
fish,
allied to the flounder.
Plaid (plad), n. [Gael, plaide, contr.
fr. peallaid, a sheep skin.] A striped
or variegated cloth.
Plain, a. [-er -est.] [Lut. planus.]
1. Without elevations or depressions
plane.
2. Open
clear; unencumbered. 3. Not intricate or difficult.
4. Simple
natural.
Syn.
Manifest; level; flat; smooth;
artless; sincere; downright; unreserved;

adv.

plank.]

model; contrive.

stamped.

PLA'GIA-RY,n. [Lat. plagiarius ; plagium, kidnapping.] One who purloins another's writings, nd offers
them to the public as his own.
o.

[-ED; -ING.]

ing placable.

i,E,

jpace an
portion of

to exercise pity.

PTv'OT,

Pla'A-ble,

3.

definite

n.
man- Plac'id-ness,
Pla'gia-rIsm, n.

[pitiful.

PIt'i-less-ly,
manner.

An open

1.

Any
Rank

2.

social rank.
4.
sion.
5.
village,

ner

ner,

broad.

flat,

area.
space.

Gr. TrAaTv's. TrAaTeia,

mov- Pla-Cid'i-ty,

compassionate. 2. Miserable
ing compassion.
3. Deserving pity
for littleness or meanness.

In a

PLACE, n. [From

an

PIth'i-ly, adv. In a pithy manner.

Pith'i-ness, n. State of being pithy.
PtTH'LESS, a. Destitute of pith.
PIth'y, a. [-ER -est, 142.] 1. Con-

PIt'I-FTJL-LY, adv.

PLANO-CONCAVE

320

PlT'E-OtJS, a. 1. Fitted to excite pity.

2. Paltry
mean pitiful.
Syn.
Sorrowful; wretched; pitiable.
PiT'E-ous-LY, adv.
In a piteous

tions and orbits of the planets.

PlXn'et-a-RY, a. Pertaining to the
planets.

PLANE'-TREE,

n.

[Gr. TrAaravo?,

fr.

nKarvs, broad, fr. its broad leaves

and spreading form.] A tree of the
genus Platanus.
PlXn'et-struck, a. Affected by the
influence of planets.
Pla-nim'E-TRY, n.
[Lat. planus,
plain, and Gr. fxerpov, measure.]
Mensuration of plane surfaces.
PlXn'ish, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [0. Fr.
planir.
To render
See Plane.]
;

smooth and

level

by gentle hammer-

ing-

PlXN'I-SPHERE, n.
plane, and sphtera,

[Lat. planus,
sphere.] Representation of the circles of a sphere
upon a plane, esp. of the celestial
sphere, with adjustable circles, &c.
PlXnk, n. [Lat. planca, allied to Gr.
A
irA.a, any thing fiat and broad.]
broad piece of sawed timber, thicker
than a board.
[-ED -ING.
v. t.
To cover or lay with planks.
PlXn'ner, n. One who plans.
Pla'no-con'cave, a. Flat od one
side, and concave on the other.

cAre, fXr, ask, all, what; Eke, veil, TERM; flQUE, firm; s6n,

FLANO-CONICAL

PLEASURABLE

321

Pla'no-on'I-al, a. Level on one

written; also, PLATE.]
A small Play, v. i. [-ejd -ing.] [A.-S. pie.
side, and conical on the other.
gian.] 1. To engage in sport
piece of ground laid out.
to
Pla'no-ON'vex, a. Flat on one PLATE, n. [Fr. flat, Sp. plato, It.
frolic.
2. To trine.
3. To contend
side, and convex on the other.
to gamble.
4. To perpiatto, Ger. platte, allied to Gr. 7rAain a game
;

PlXnt,

[Lat. planta.]

n.

A vege-

1.

table an organic body, having, when

complete, a root, stem, and leaves.
2. Fixtures and tools for carrying on
any trade.
v.t.
[-ED -ING.] 1.
To put in the ground and cover, as
seed. 2. To set in the ground, as a
tree.
3. To engender.
4. To estabv.i. To perlish; to introduce.
form the act of planting.
JPlAnt'ain(42), n. [Fr., fr. L&t.plantago.]
A genus of plants of many
;

twenty

PlA-teau'

species.

PlXnt'ain (42),
PlXnt'AIN-tree,

1
)

n.

tropical

tree, fifteen or

high, bearing a fruit

a substitute for bread.
PLAN-TA'TION, n. 1. A place planted
esp. a large estate, cultivated chiefly

which

A piece of metal
wrought in gold
or silver. 3. Metallic ware which is
overlaid with gold or silver. 4. A
small, shallow vessel to eat from. 5.
An engraved piece of metal or an impression therefrom. 6. A page of
stereotype for printing from.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To cover or overlay, as with gold or silver. 2. To
arm with plates of metal. 3. To
beat into thin, flat pieces.

tus, flat, broad.] 1.

flattened. 2. Dishes

feet

is

[Fr., fr. plat,

n.
level area of elevated
[a plate.
Plate'ful (155), n. Enough to fill
Plate'-glass, n.
fine kind of
glass, cast in thick plates, used for
flat.],

(-to'),

broad

land.

mirrors, &c.

form on an instrument of music.

5.

operate. 6. To move irregularly.

To act on the stage or in any particular character.
v.t.
1. To put
in action or motion. 2. To perform.

To
7.

Syn.

n.

To sport;

trifle; frolic.

of actions for pleasure or amusement game. 2. Act of

contending for victory, as at cards,
gaming. 3. Practice in any
&c.
contest.
4. Action; use;
manner
of action. 5. A dramatic composi6.
Performtion or performance.
ance on an instrument of music. 71. Series

Motion

motion.

movement

room

also,

Liberty of acting

8.

for
scope.

Play'-bill, n. A printed advertisement of a play, with the actor's parts.

PLAY'ER, n. One who plays.
PLAY'FUL, a. 1. Sportive. 2. In-

PlX'^'en, n. [See Plate.] The flat

PlXnt'er, n. 1. One who plants. 2.
part of a printing-press.
dulging a sportive fancy.
[ner.
One who assists in colonizing in a Plat'form, n. [Eng. plat (obs.), Play'ful-ly, adv. In a playful mannew territory. 3. Owner of a planflat, and form.]
1. A flooring or
PL A y'-house, n. A theater.
tation.
horizontal frame-work of timber or Play'MATE,
n. A companion in play.
PlXnt'I-LE, n. [A dim. of plant.]
boards. 2. A declaration of princi- PLAY'THiNG,
n. Any thing that serves
A plant in embryo.
ples by any body of men.
to amuse
a toy.
PlXnt'i-grade, n. [Lat. planta, Plat'i-nA, or Pla-ti'nA, n.
See PLEA, n. [Lat. plaitum, placitum, fr.
sole of the foot, and gradi, to walk.]
Platinum.
placer e, to please.]
1. The defendAn animal that walks on the sole of Plat'ing, n. 1. Art of covering a
ant's answer to a plaintiff's declara-

by negroes.

2.

colony.

the foot, as the bear.

v. i.
[D. plassen, H. Ger.
platschen.] To dabble in water; to
splash.
v.t.
[0.
[ ; ed; -ing.]
Fr. plaissier, fr. Lat. plexus, p. p. of

PlXsh,

weave, twist.] To cut and

intertwine the branches of.
n.
1.
A puddle. 2. A dash of water a
splash. 3. Branch of a tree partly
cut, and bound to other branches.
PLXsH'Y,a. Abounding with puddles.
plectere, to

PlXM,

n. [Gr. 7rAa<rjua, fr. irkd&aeLV,

to form.]
mold or matrix.
n.
[Gr. eixnkaa-Tpov.] 1.
composition of lime, water, and
sand, for coating walls, &c. ; also,
gypsum, as used for making moldings, &c.
2. An external application harder than an ointment.
v. t.
[-ED -ing.] 1. To cover with plaster.
2. To cover with a plaster, as a
wound. 3. To smooth over to conceal the defects of.
Plas'ter-er, n. One who plasters.

PLAS'TER,

PlAs'TER-ING,

n.

covering of

plaster.

PlXs'TI,

a.
[Gr. irAao-TiKos ; irA.acrto form.]
1. Having power to
give form or fashion.
2. Capable of
being molded or formed.
3. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, molding or modeling.
Plas-TIC'I-ty, n. State or quality of
creii/,

n.

[Fr., fr, Lat. plastra,

a thin plate of metal.] A leather pad

used by fencers to defend the body.
PlXt, v.t. [-TED; -TING.] [From
plait.]
To form by interweaving
to weave.
n.
1.
Work done by

platting

PLOT,
or,

PlXt'i-TUDE
flat.]

(30), n.

[Fr.,

Flatness;

1.

tion

and demand.

An

2.

excuse an apology.
prayer or entreaty.

Plead,
or

v.i.

[pleaded

lawsuit.

3.

4.

Urgent

(not

plead,

pled); pleading.]

[Fr. plaiSee PLEA.]

1. To argue in support or defense of
a claim. 2. To make an allegation
of fact in a cause to carry on a
1. To offer in proof,
suit,
v. t.
support, or excuse. 2. To attempt
to maintain by arguments to argue.

der, L. Lat. placitare.

to
his

philosophy or opinions.

Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affecbetween the sexes.

tion subsisting

Pla'to-nism, n. Doctrines of Plato

and his followers.
Pla/to-nist, n. A follower of Plato.
Pla'to-nIze, v. i. [-ED -ing.] To
adoptjhe opinions of the Platonists.
;

Pla-toon',
pila,

[Fr. pcloton,

n.

fr.

Lat.

Half of a company of

ball.]

soldiers.

PlXt'ter,

n.

[Prob.

N. Fr. plateau.]

fr.

0. r.platel,

large, shallow
dish for provisions at table.
Plau'DIT, n. [Lat. plaudite, do ye
praise.]
An expression of applause.
PlaiVsi-BIL'i-TY, n. State of being

plausible

speciousness.

PLAU'I-BLE,

a.

[Lat. plausibilis, fr.

plaudere, to applaud.] 1. Superficially pleasing

apparently right. 2.
Using specious arguments.
Syn.
Specious.
Both these words
have a bad sense. Plausible denotes
that which seems to satisfy the ear, and
yet leaves distrust in the judgment.
;

Specious describes that which carries a

appearance to the eye, and- yet may
cover something false.

fair

or interweaving. 2. [Cf.
the same word differently

/romplat,
Hy. 2.

insipi,

A weak or empty remark.

Pla-t6n'I,
fa.
Pertainiag
Pla-ton'ic-al, J
Plato, or to

being plastic.

l3s'tron,

baser metal with a thin plate, as of

2. A thin coating of metal.
n.
[N.
Lat., fr. Sp. plata, silver.] Avery
heavy and ductile metal ^f the color
of silver.
silver.

PlXt'i-num, or Pla-tI'num,

allege and offer in a legal plea.

One who pleads; esn.
pecially, a lawyer who makes a plea
in a court of justice.
Pleas/ant, a. [See Please.] 1.
Grateful to the mind or senses. 2.
3.

To

Plead'er,

Cheerful; enlivening; gay; lively.

In a pleasant

Plea/ant-ly, adv.
manner.

PLEAS'ANT-RY,
riment.

2.

n.

Please,

[-ed

e,

i,

silent

lively

-ing.] [Lat.
placer e.] To excite agreeable sensa-to gratify.
tions or emotions in
v. i.
To be pleased; to like; to.
v.

t.

[satisfaction.
choose; to comply.
PLEAS/ING, a.
Giving pleasure or,

Pleasant; agreeable. Pleasant

Syn.
more particularly applied to things in
the concrete, as pleasant weather, a
pleasant day, ride, situation, &c. In
respect to persons, pleasing is generally
used to describe personal qualities, as, a
pleasing countenance, &c. Agreeable is
more used of social qualities and relations, as, agreeable society, &c. These
distinctions, however, are not in all.
cases very accurately observed.
is

Plau'i-bly, adv.
In a plausible
manner.
Pleas/ur-A-ble
PLAU'SIVE, a. Manifesting praise.
Pleasing; giving

do,wolf,to"o,200B; urn,rtje,pull;

Gayety; mer-

1.

Gentle raillery

talk.

(plezh'ur-a-bl),
pleasure.

q,b,soft; e, 5, hard; as; exist; n.os.njg

a.

THIS.

PLEASURABLY
Pl as'ur-a-bl y

522

In a pleasur-

adv.

able'manner.

Pleas/URE

(plezh'ur),
n.
[See
1.
Gratification of the

Please.]

senses or of the mind. 2. What the

will dictates or prefers.
3. That
which pleases.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.]
To please to gratify.
PLEA'URE-GROUND, n. Ornamental
ground appropriated to amusement.
Ple-bE'ian (-yan), a. [Lat. plebeius;
plebs, the common people.]
Pertaining to, or consisting of, the common
people.
n.
One of the common
people.
[beians.
Ple-be'ian-Ism, n.
Conduct of plePLEDGE (plej), n. [L. Lat. p/egium,
prob. fr. Lat. prsebere, to proffer (sc.

Jidem), trust.]

1.

ited as security

a.

Plentiful abundant copious.

[Colloq. and inelegant.]
PLE'0-NAM, n. [Gr. TrAeovaajuos, fr.
irkeova^f-iv, to be more than enough.]
The use of more words to express
ideas than are necessary.
;

Ple'o-nas'TIC, a. Partaking of pleonasm redundant.

Pleth'o-rA, n. [Gr. TrA^pr?, from
1.
ir\y'i&<-Lv, to be or become full.]
;

Over-fullness of blood repletion. 2.

being over-full in any respect.
or Pleth'o-ric(123),
a. Evincing plethora.
Pleu'ra, n. [Gr. TrAevpa.]
The
membrane which covers the inside
of the thorax, and invests the lungs.
;

PLE-THOR're,

PLEU'RI-SY,

Something deposa pawn.

2. Any

[Lat. pleurisis, pleuri-

n.

Pl,EU-r1t'I,

performance of an act.
The wishing of health to another.
Stn. See Earnest.

Pleu-rit'I-al,

3.

thing

is

One

whom any

to

n.
n.

pledges.
pledge, to
compress, or small, flat

tent of lint laid over a

Plow

obstacles.

Plow'a-ble
Plough'a-ble

to pleurisy.

2.

Plow'-boy

Capabeing

(plou'-), a.

ble

of

Wplou/-), n.
A boy
that diives or guides
j

Plough'-bo y

a team in plowing.
v

-n~ mo/ni-

Plow'er
Plough'er

One who

(plou'-), n.

plows land

a culti-

vator

Plow'-man
Plough'-man
bandman

(plou'-, 150), n.

who plows

One

a hus-

a rustic.

Pli-a-bil'i-TY, n.

wound.

Quality of being

Pluck,

PLI'A-BLE,

v.

Syn. Pliant;

Cf.

with sudden force to pull off, out,

or from, with a twitch. 2. To strip

to bend,
to fold.]
1. Easy to be bent.
2.
Readily yielding to arguments, persuasion, or discipline.
[Fr.

a.

[-ed; -ing.]
[A.-S.
Lug.]
1.
To pull

t.

pluccian.

pliable.

(pl5/yad), n.
One of the
Pleiades.
Ple'ia-des (ple'ya-dez), n. pi. [Gr.
ILVeiafies, from 7rAeiv, to sail, as their
rising indicated the time of safe navigation.]
A group of seven stars situated in the constellation Taurus.

PLEX

fr.

Ple'iad

complicated.
Plow'shAre
(plou/-), n.
The
f
VS,n. [See supra.] Any net- Plough'share j
part of a plough
work of vessels, nerves, or fibers.
which cuts the ground below.

net -work

One who
[Prob.

Pertaining

1.

a.

a), n.
[Gr. n\evpd, pleura, and
uvev/xove?, the lungs.]
Inflammatory disease of the pleura and lungs.
PLEX'I-FORM,a. [Lat. plexus, a twisting, braiding, and,/brma,form.] Like

pledged.

Pledg'er,
PLEDG'ET,
secure.]

n.

1.

mischief. 2. To contrive a plan.

s ee Plow.
(plou), n.
Plov'er, n. [Fr. & Pr. pluvier, the
rain-bird Lat. pluvia, rain.] A bird
frequenting the banks of rivers and
the sea-shore.
(plou), n.
[Icel. pldgr, D.
Plough ) ploeg.] 1. An implement
for turning up the soil.
2. A joiner's instrument for grooving.
3. A
machine for cutting or trimming paper. v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
Tc
trench and turn up with a plow.
v. i.
1. To labor with a plow.
2.
To advance by plowing, or in spite of

plowed; arable.

Pleu/ro-pneu-mo'ni-A

t.

PlEdG'ee,

inflamma-

PLUMB-LINE
v.t.
To form a schem of

Plough

Diseased with pleuris}'.

[-ED; -ING.] 1. To leave as

security. 2. To engage for by promise.
3. To drink the health of.
v.

An

Gr. 7rAevpiTis.]
tion of the pleura.
tis,

thing given or considered as a security for the

ate.

fr. plier,

by plucking.
n.
[Cf. Gael. & Ir.
pluc, a lump, a knot.]
1. Heart,
liver, and lungs of an animal.
2.

fleVible; supple; limber.

Spirit

courage.

PlT'AN-CY, n.
State of being pliant. Pluck'er, n. One who plucks
PLE'NA-Ri-LY,</r. Fully.
PlI'ANT, a. 1. Easily bent. 2. Easily Pluck'y, a. [-ER -est, 142.] HavPle'na-ri-ness, n.
State of being
influenced to good or evil.
ing enduring courage spirited.
plenary.
Pli'ant-ness, n. State of being pli- PLUG, n. [D.] 1. Any thing to stop
;

Ple'na-ry,

[Lat. plenus, full.]

Full entire complete.
[tent.
Ple-nI'p'o-tence, n. State of being
a.

a hole.

ant.

Pli'gate,
PLI'GA-TED,

PLE-NiP'o-TENT, a.
[Lat. plenus, PLl'ERg, n. pi.
full, and potens, potent.] Possessing
of pinchers.
full

power.

Plen/i-po-tn'ti-a-ry

[Lat. plicatus,\>. p.

[From

ply.]

kind

[Int. plenitudo,

(30). n.

plenus, full.] Fullness

ness abundance.
fr.

complete-

Plight'er (plTt'-), n.One who plights.

Plinth, n. [Gr. 7rAiV0os, a brick or

a plinth] A square, projecting

part at the base of a column.
every purpose.
2. Having plenty
Pli'o-cene, a.
[Gr. 7rAeiW, more,
well provided for rich.
and Kaivfc, new, recent.] (Geoi.)
PLEN'TE-otJS-LY, adv. In a plentePertaining to, or characterizing, the
ous manner.
most recent tertiary deposits.
;

PlEn'te-oOs,

a.

1.

tile,

Sufficient for
;

Pln'te-OUs-NESS, n. Abundance. Plod, v. i.

[-ded;
Plen'TI-FUL, a. 1. Adequate to evGael, plod, a clod.]
ery purpose.
supply.

2.

Affording

ample

Plen'ti-ful-LY, adv. In a plentiful manner; copiously.

PLEN'Tl-FUL-NESs,n.
The state or
quality of being plentiful; abundance copiousness.
PJLfiN'TY, n. [Lat. plenitas, fr. plenus,
full.]
Full or adequate supply.
;

Stn. See Abundance.

A,

E.LO, U,

-ding-.]
1.

To

[Cf.
travel,

with steady, laborious diligence. 2.

To drudge to study heavily.
Pl5t, n. [A different spelling of plat.]
1. A small extent of ground.
2. A
draught of a field, &c, drawn to
a scale.
3. [Abbrev. fr. complot.]
Any scheme of a complicated nature.
4. Plan or intrigue of a play or
[-ted; -ting.]
novel, &c.
v.t.
1. To plan to devise.
2. To deline

Y,longf A,jB s i,0,U, V, short

v.

t.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

cake of pressed tobac[-GED; -GlNG.]

To

stop with a plug.

n. [A.-S. plbma, Lat. prunum,
Gr. Trpovvou.] 1. A certain tree and

its fruit.

PLUM,

(plit), v. t. [-ed; -ing.]

[A.plihlan.] To expose to danger or
risk
to pledge.
n.
1. Security
gage. 2. Exposed condition. 3. Condition
state.

S.

co.

fold.]

Plight
(-shl-a-, 95),

n. An embassador at a foreign court

furnished with full powers.
a.
Containing full power.

PLEN'I-TUDE

a.

of plicare, to
j
Folded like a fan.

plenipotent.

2.

WHAT

2.

raisin.

3.

The sum

of 100,000 sterling.

PLU'MAGE,

[Lat.

n.

pluma,

feather.]
feathers which cover a bird.
(plum), n.
[Lat. plumbum,
lead.]
A weight attached to a line
used to indicate a vertical direction

The

Plumb

a plummet.

Perpendicular.
a.
v.t. [-ED
adv. Perpendicularly.
1. To adjust by a plumb-ING.]

To examine by tests.
Plum-bXg'i-nous, a. Consisting
line.

2.

of,

containing, or like, plumbago.

[Lat. plurribvm,
n.
lead.]
A mineral, popularly called

Plum-ba'go,
black-lead.

PlOm'be-an,

a.

Consisting of or re.

sembling lead.

Plumb'er

(plunder), . [See Plumb.

adjusts lead pipes, &c.

One who
PLUMB'ER-Y

(plum-/),n. Business, of
place of business, of a plumber.
PLUMB'ING, n. 1. Art of casting and
2. Business of arworking in lead.
ranging pipes for conducting water.
PlOmb'-line (plum/lin), n.
1. A

ERE, VEIL. TERM; PIQUE, FIRM s6N,

;

PLUM-CAKE
plummet.

2.

line

[Lat.

n.

pluma.]

2. A
feather of a bird.
er worn as an ornament
ken of honor or prowess,
To
1.
[-ED; -ING.]
2. To strip
feathers of.
to value.
3. To pride

1.

Plu'ral-ly, adv.
ing more than one.

The Plus,

large feath3.

&c.

Av.

to-

[-|-J

[Lat., more.]
A character
used as a sign of addition.
[Fr. pluche, fr. Lat. pilus,

n.

hair. ]

kind of shaggy cloth.

the formation of the world to igneous

feathers on its feet.

fusion.

lead.]

to drop heavily.
large to fullness.

To

fall

Something

to dilate

Pneu-mat'ics

Consisting

air.]

moved by

of,

air.

Science
which treats of the mechanical properties of air, &c.

A full, unqualified lie.

A pie with plums in it.

n.

a.
[Gr.
TrvevjuaTiKos ;

relating to, like, or

1.

the cheeks. 2.

PlOm'-PIE,

wind,

irvev/j-a,

(nu-),

PNEU-MAT're-AL

fall.

n.

To grow Pneu-mat'I

1.

suddenAt once, or with a sud-

adv.
den, heavy
ly.

Plump'er,

v.t.
2.

(nu-), n. sing.

Pneu'ma-tol'o-gy (-nu/-), n. [Gr.

PLUMP'LY, adv. Without reserve.
PLUMP'NESS.n. State of being plump.
7rvevjaa, air, spirit, and Aoyos, discourse.]
The doctrine of. or a treaPlDm'-PUD'ding, n. Pudding containing raisins or currants, [plums.
Plum'-TREE, n. A tree that produces

Plum'y, a.
Plun'der,

tise

on, spiritual existences.

Pneu-mo'NI-a

Adorned with plumes.

fiovla

(nu-),

irvevfjutjv,

jl.

[Gr. Trvev-

An

lung.]

inflam-

t.

sonal property
[Local, V. S.]

and

effects

luggage.

composition in

Po'E-SY, n. [Gr. 13-0070-1?.] 1. Art

composing poems. 2. Poetry.

Po'ET,

of

One who

writes poetry.
Poet laureate, a poet employed to compose poems .for the birthdays of a prince
or other special occasion.
n.

A
)

female poet.

a.

Pertaining,

1.

off

suitable, to poetry.

Possessing the peculiar beauties

of poetry.
[manner.

2.

Po-ET'l-AL-LY, adv. In a poetic

Po-ET'ICS. n. The doctrine of poetry.
PO'ET-IZE, v. i.
To
[-EDJ-ING.]
write as a poet.
n.
[See Poet.] 1. Metrical composition
verse.
2. Imagi-

Po'ET-RY,

native composition, whether in prose

or verse.

Poign'an-CY

State of
(pom/an-), n.
being poignant.
(pom/ant), a. [Fr. poignant, p. pr. of 0. Fr. poindre, to
sting.]
1. Stimulating to the organs
pierof taste. 2. Acutely painful
cing irritating.
Poign'ant-ly (poin'ant-l^), adv. In
a poignant manner.
Point, n. [Lat. puncta, punctum, fr.
pungere, to prick.] 1. A sharp end
2. A sort of needle used by entip.
gravers, &c. 3. A mere spot.
4. A
small promontory or cape.
5. A
moment
an instant
hence, the
verge. 6. Degree; condition; rank

PoiGN'ANT

characteristic a peculiarity. 8
distinct position, thesis, or passage
9. A character used to mark the di
visions of a sentence.
10. Object
end. 11.
braided cordage, used in
t.
reefing sails.
v.
[-ED -ING.]
1. To sharpen.
2. To direct toward
an object to aim.
3. To direct at;

T^o steal

tention toward. 4. To punctuate. 5.

To indicate the aim or purpose of. 6.
To fill the joints of with mortar.
1. To direct the finger for desv. i.
ignating an object. 2. To show dis-

feet.

tinctly

That which is taken from

an enemy; pillage; spoil.
2. Per1.

iroC-nfxa, fr. 7roietv, to

verse.

7.

[the lungs.
[-ED; -ing.] [Ger.
mation of the lungs.
v.
plimdern ; plunder, frippery, bag- PNEU-MON're (nu-), a. Pertaining to
[-ed -ing.]
[Fr./>ogage.]
1. To take the goods of by Poach, v.t.
clur, to poach eggs, fr. poclie, pocket,
force.
2. To take by pillage or open
poke.}
Eng.
1.
To
cook
in a
pouch,
force.
certain manner, as eggs. 2. To rob
Syn. To pillage; spoil sack rob.

n.

[Gr.

n.

Plu-to'ni-an, a. Plutonic.
Plu-t6n'I. a. Pertaining to the sys- Po'ET-ESS, n.
Po-ET'l,
tem of the Plutonists igneous.
Plu'to-jVIST, n. One who ascribes Po-ET'l-AL,

[For plumbet, from Plu'vi-AL, a. [Lat. pluvialis ; pluvia,

rain.] Abounding in rain
rainy.
1. A long piece of
[Lat. pluvia,
lead attached to a line for sounding PLU'vi-OM'E-TER, n.
rain, and metrum, measure. A rainthe depth of water. 2. An instrugauge,
[rainy.
ment used to determine a perpendicPLU'VI-OUS, a. Abounding in rain
ular Jine.
Plu-mose', ) a. [Lat. plumosus ; plu- PLY, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. plicare,
Gr. n-Aejceiv.]
1. To fold or cover
Plu'moOs, ) ma, feather.] Having
over. 2. To urge to solicit importuor resembliug plumes.
nately. 3. To keep busy. 4. To pracPLUMP, a. [-ER -EST.] [Icel. plumpr.]
tice or perform with diligence.
v. i.
1. Swelled with fat or flesh to the
1. To work steadily. 2. To busy one's
unreserved.
full size.
2. Complete
n.
self.
3. To make regular trips.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] fFrom the adj.]
1. A fold
2. To cause
a plait. 2. Bent bias.
1. To swell; to fatten.

plumb,

Po'EM,

make, compose.]

In a sense imply-

n.

Plush,

t.

adjust the
of leathers.

Plu'MI-ped, r. [L&t. plumipes, -pedis,

fr. pluma, a feather, and pes, foot.]

A bird that has

PLUM'MET, n.

any

one of several competing candidates.

containing

POISE

323
for one individual over those cast for

perpendicular to

the plane of the horizon.

PlD31'-AKE. n.
Cake
raisins, currants, &c.

Plume,

game

hence, to plunder.
v. i.
[Eng.]
or pocket game.
Poach'er, n. One who poaches.
Poach'y, a. Wet and soft to the
of

by any means.

Plun'der-er, n. One who plunders. Pock, n.

[A.-S. pocc, poc]
A pus- Point-blank', n. [Fr. point-blanc,
Plunge, v. t.
[-ed
-ing.]
[Fr.
white point.] Point to which a protule on the skin in variolous and
plonger.] To immerse in a fluid; to
vaccine diseases.
jectile is supposed to move directly,
drive into flesh, mire, earth, &c.
PoCK'ET, n. [Dim. of poke, a pocket.
without a curve.
a.
1. Aimed div. i.
1. To dive, or to rush in.
Any small bag, esp.
Cf. Pouch.]
rectly toward the mark.
2. Direct
2. To fall or rush, as into distress,
v.t.
one inserted in a garment.
express.
adv. Directly.
3.
To
throw
one's
self
headlong,
&c.
[ED; -ING.] To put or conceal in POINT'ED, p. a. 1. Having a sharp
;

as a horse.
n.
1. Thrusting into
water, &c. 2. Act of throwing one's
self headlong, like an unruly horse.
PLU'PER-FET, a. [Lat. plus, more,

and

More than
perfectus, perfect.]
perfect
said of that tense of a verb
;

which denotes that an

the pocket.

point.

To pocket an affront, to receive it without resenting it, or at least without seeking redress.
P6cK'ET-BO"bK, n. A case for carrying papers in the pocket.

action or
event took place before another past

Pock 'MARK,

action or event.

Pock'y,

Plu'ral,

a.

[Lat.

plus,
than one.

pluralis

Scar

n.

made by

the

small-pox.

a.

[-ER; -EST, 142.] Full of

"With point,

se-

verity, or keenness.

Any thing that

Hand

PoiNT'ER,n.
as,

(a.)

points?

of a time-piece.
(6.)

infected with the small-pox.

capsule of a plant, espen.

pocks

Characterized by distinct-

2.

ness and pithiness.

Point'ed-ly, adv.

dog

trained to point
out the game.

more.] Containing more

POINT'LESS, a.
Pod,
A
Plu'ral-ist, n. A clergyman who
Pointer Dog
Having no point.
cially a legume.
holds more benefices than one
a. [Gr. noSaypiKOs; Poise, n. [0. J?v.pois+fr. hat.pensum,
Po-dXg'RIC,
Plu-rSl'i-ty, n. 1. State of being PO-DAG'RIC-AL, )
from 7T0VS, ttoSos,
a portion weighed out.] 1. Weight;
plural. 2. A greater number.
gravity. 2. Balance used in weighfoot, and aypa, a catching.] Pertain)

Plurality of votes, excess of votes cast

OR, DO,

WOLF,

TO~b, TOOK,- URN, RUE,

ing to the gout; gouty.

PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

ing with steelyards.

C, G, soft; , 5, hard,} AS.

EIST

3.

Equipoise;

2<KNG

THIS.

POISON

equilibrium.

v.

POLYGLOT

324
Pole'-Xx.
To POLE'-AXE, )
To
of ax fixed

[-ed; -ins.]

t.

1. To make of equal weight.

hold a place in equilibrium.

2.

3.

n.

2. Derived from connection with government public.

Po-lit'I-al-LY, adv. In a political
manner.
Pol/i-tI'cian (-tish'an), n. 1. One
sjKate

sort

to

jjole.

Poi'gON

(poi'zn), n.
[Lat. potio, fr.
potare, to drink.] 1. Any substance
noxious to life or health.
2. That
which taints or destroys morals.

Syn. Venom. Poison usually denotes something received into the system
Venom is
by the mouth, breath, &c.
something applied externally, or discharged from animals, as by the bite or
Venom
sting of serpents, scorpions, &c.
active and malignant in its
operation than poison, and hence is a
is

also

more

stronger term.

v.t.

-ing.] 1. To infect
with, or kill by, poison. 2. To taint
or corrupt the character, principles,
or happiness of.
Pol's on-er, n. One who poisons.
Poi'soN-ous, a. Having the qualities
of poison corrupting noxious.
PoKE,n. [A.-S. poca.] 1. A pocket
a small bag. 2. A long, wide sleeve.
3. A thrust.
4. A lazy or stupid
A machine to prevent
person. 5.
beasts from leaping or breaking
through fences.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.]
[L. Ger. pokeii to prick, thrust.] To
thrust against to push against with
any thing pointed hence, to feel for
with a long instrument.
To poke fun, to make fun; to joke.
v. i.
To grope, as in the dark.
POK/ER, n. 1. One who pokes. 2. An
iron bar for stirring or opening a fire
3. A game of cards.
4.
of coals.
[Icel. pokr, a bugbear, hobgoblin.]
A frightful object, dimly seen in the

[-ED;

dark

a bugbear.

Po-lac'A,

[It., prop, a Polish

n.
A vessel with three masts,
used in the Mediterranean.

vessel.]

PO-LA'RE,M. See POLACCA.

Po'LAR, a. Pertaining to, surrounding, or proceeding from, one of the
poles, as those of the earth.
Po-LAR'I-SOPE n. [Eng. polar, and
Gr. o-Konelv, to view.]
An instrument used for polarizing light, and
analyzing its properties.
That quality of a
Po-lXr'i-TY, n.
body in virtue of which it exhibits
opposite or contrasted properties or
powers, in opposite or contrasted
parts or directions.
Po'LAR-l-ZA'TION, n. Act of polarizing state of having polarity.
,

PO'LAR-IZE,l\ t. [-ed; -ING.]

communicate polarity to.

Pole

To

n.

[A.-S. pol, pal.

Cf.
long, slender piece of
wood. 2. A measure of length of 54yards, or a square measure of 30|
square yards; arod; a perch. 3. [Gr.
TtoKos, from ireKeiv, iroKe.lv, to turn.]
Extremity of the axis of a sphere,
especially of the earth. 4. A point of
maximum intensity of a force which
has polarity. 5. The heavens the
sky. [Poet.]
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1.
To furnish with poles. 2. To convey
(20),

Pale.]

1.

on

poles.

3.

To push forward by the

use of poles.
a,

e,

l,

o,u, f,long;

POLE'CAT,n.

[Either for polish cat, or

for poultry cat .] A

carnivorous mammal, allied to the

Pole-axes.

weasel.

PoE'E-MARdH

(-mark), n. [Gr. jroAewar, and apxos,

jaapxos ;
leader.] An Athenian magistrate.
PO-LEM'I, n. A disputant.
Tro\e/xo<;,

Po-LEM'ie,
Po-LEM'ie-AL,

affairs.

a.

[Gr. noXeiALKos,

warlike; 7r6Ae/uos,
)
war.] 1. Pertaining to controversy
controversial.
2. Given to controversy disputatious.
;

versed in the science of government.

2. One who is devoted to the advancement of a political party.
P6l'i-TIS, n. sing.
1. Science of
government.
2. Management of a
political party.

PoL'JXTY,

n.

[Gr. TroAireia.] 1.

Form

or constitution of civil government.

Form or constitution by which any
institution is organized.
Syn.
Policy.
Polity is confined to
the structure of a government; as, civil
or ecclesiastical polity ; while policy is
applied to the management of public affairs; as, foreign or domestic policy.

2.

Po-lem'ics, n. sing. Controversy,

Pol'ka (20), n. [Bohem. pulka, half,
^specially on religious subjects.
from the half step prevalent in it
POLE'-STAR, n. A star at or near to

the pole of the heavens.

Po-lic;e'

(-13s ), n.
[Fr., fr. Gr. ttoAtreia, condition of a state, govern-

ment.]

1. Administration of the
laws of a city or incorporated town
or borough. 2. Internal regulation
of a state. 3. Body of civil officers,
organized to preserve good order.

Po-lioe'man

(-I3s/-,

150), n.

One of

the ordinary police.

[Gr. TroAireta.
See supra.] 1. Settled method of administering the government.
2. Method
by which any institution is admin-

Worldly wisdom cunstratagem. 4. Prudence wis3.

Pol'ish-er,
Po-lite', a.

One who

polishes.
-EST.]
[-er
[Lat.
politus, p. p. of polire, to polish.]
Elegant in manners
refined in be-

n.

havior

well-bred.

Po-lite-ly, adv. Courteously.

Po-lite-ness, n. State or quality of
being polite

election

with a desire to please others by anticipating their wants and wishes, and studiously avoiding whatever might give

them

pain. Courtesy is, etymologically,

that modification of politeness which belongs to courts. It displays itself in the
address and manners.
(123), a. [Gr. ttoAitikos, be-

longing to the citizens or state, from

citizen.]

1. Political.

2.

Pertaining to, or promoting, a polwell devised. 3. Devoted to a

scheme rather than to a principle.
Pertaining to
Po-lit'I-al, a.
1.
public policy or politics relating to
icy

purposes of taxation. 3. To deposit,

as a vote to bring to the polls.
;

Pol'lard,
having
fish. 3.

[From

it.

its

top cut

poll.]

1.

Pol'len,

n.

[Lat.,

flour,

fine

tree

The chub
and meal.

2.

off.

A mixture of bran

fine

The fecundating dust of the

anthers of flowers.
dust.]

Pol'lt-wIg,
POL'LI-WOG,

[Prob. corrupt, fr.

periwig.] A tadpole.
& D. pollack.]
A fish the whiting.
Poll'-tax, n. A tax levied by the
head or poll.
Pol-lute', v. t. [ -ed; -ing.] [Lat.
polluere, -lutum.]
1. To make foul
or unclean.
2. To defile morally
to profane.
3. To render legally or
ceremonially unclean. 4. To violate
by illegal sexual commerce.
Syn. To contaminate dishonor.

Pol'LOCK,

n.

[Ger.

n.

POL-LUT'ER, n. One who pollutes.

Pol-lu'tion, n. Act of polluting, or
state of being polluted.

_Polish robe.

that ease and gracefulness of manners POLT,n. [Cf.

which first sprang up in cities, connected POL-TROON',

n-oAtrns,

t.

poll or head of;

hence, to clip to lop. 2. To enter,
in a list or register, especially for

Pd'zo-iVAiE',n.

polish of manners.

Syn. Courtesy. Politeness denotes

P6l/I-TI

v.

held.

is

To remove the

1.

ning
dom. 5. [L. Lat. poletvm, poleticum,
from Gr. iro\\nrrvxov having many
leaves.] A warrant for money in the
public funds.
6. Instrument embodying a contract of insurance.
Pot/ISH, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
polire.]
1.
To make smooth and
glossy.
2. To refine
to wear off
the rusticity of.
v.i.
To become
smooth and glossy. 11. 1. A smooth,
glossy surface. 2. Refinement elegance of manners.
;

Place where an
[-ed -ING.]

civil officers. 4. {pi.)

P6l'I-CY, n.

istered.

or perh. fr. Slav, polka, i. e., prop, a

Polish woman.] A dance performed
by two persons in common time.
Pole, n. [D. bol, a ball, bowl, bulb,
pate, poll.] 1. The head. 2. A register of persons.
3. An election of

an
to

2.

A kind of
kind of dance.
blow or stroke.

[Fr.] 1.

pelt.]

[From It. poltrone,

n.
idle fellow, coward, from poltrire,
abed lazily, from Eng. bolster.]

lie

An

arrant coward.

Pol-troon'er-y,
want of spirit.
Pol'y-AN'THUS,
rich in flowers.]

Cowardice;

n.

[Gr. TToAvavflo?,
certain ornament-

al flowering plant.

Po-lyg'a-mIst,

n.

One who

practices

or justifies polygamy.

Po-lyg'a-my, n. Condition of a man

having more than one wife.
POL'Y-GLOT, a. [Gr. 7roAvyAwTTOS,
many-tongued.]

Containing, or re-

A, } 2,6,tJ,Y,s/ior,- cAre, far, ask; all, what; ere, veil, TERM pique fIrm; s6n
;

POLYGON
A

ttoAvs,

many, and

-yiovos,

7roA.v-ywvos

than four

sides.

a.

--

^^

Polygons,

gles.

POL'Y-GRAM,
77-oAu's,

[Gr. 7roA.vypajU.jao5;
and ypajup.^, line.]

n.

many,

figure consisting of many liues.

POL'Y-GRAPH, n. [Gr. TToAvypd^os,
writing much.] An instrument for
multiplying copies of a writing.
Po-LVG'RA-PHY, n. Art of writing
in various ciphers, and of deciphering

the same.

Pol'y-he'dral,
sides, as a solid

Having many

a.

body.

Pol'y-he'dron, n.
with many seats or

[Gr. 7roAv'eopo?,
sides.]
solid

contained by many sides or planes.

P6L/Y-NO'Ml-AL,n. [Gr. 7roAvs, many,
An
and Lat. nomen, name, term.]
expression composed of two or more
terms, connected by the sign plus

many-

Having the nature

of the polypus.

Poi/Y-PBs,

re.;

Ens;, pi.

pol'y-pus-

Es Lat.pl. pul'y-pi. [Lat. polypus.

See POLYP.]
1. Something
that has many feet or roots. 2. A
polyp.
3. A tumor
[See Polyp.]
;

with a narrow base.

Pol'y-syl-lab'io,
Pol'y-syl-lab'ic-al,
than

a.

Consist-

ingof more

thi-ee syllables

Poi/Y-SYL'LA-BLE, n.
[Gr. ttoAvs,
many, and crvAAa^, syllable.] A
word of more syllables than three.
(-tek7 -),

P6l/y-TEH'nic

a.

[Gr.

from 7roAii?, many, and

Comprehending many
applied to a school in which

TroA.vTexi'os,

Te\vri,

arts

an

art

was formerly made

Perfumed ointment

from apples.]
or unguent for the

Po-ma'tum,

hair.
[See Pomade.]

n.

perfumed unguent used in dressing

the hair.

Pome-gran'ate
[Lat. pomum, a

(pum-gran'St),
fruit,

many

n.

apple, and
grains or

The fruit of a certain tree,

filled with numerous seeds.
Po-mif'er-ous, a.
[Lat. pomifer ;
pomum, fruit, apple, and ferre, to
bear.]
Producing apples, or the larger fruits, as melons, pumpkins, &c.
(pum'-), re. [L. Lat. pomellus, pomelus, from Lat. pomum, an
apple.]
1. A knob or ball, as on the
hilt of a sword.
Protuberant
2.
r. t.
part of a saddle-bow.
[-ED,
-ING; or led, -LING, 137 ] To beat,
as with something thick or bulky.
Po'MO-LOG'ie-AL, a.
Belonging to
pomology.
[pomology.
PO-iVlOL'O-GlST, n. One interested in

POM'MEL

of fruits, or art of raising fruits.

Pomp, re. [Gr. irofLirri, a sending, a

solemn procession.]

1.

An imposing

procession. 2. Show of magnificence.

Display parade pageant.
Syn.

PoMP'ous,
eur.

a.

of being

Showy with grand-

1.

Ostentatious boastful.
grand; stately; digni-

2.

Showy:

Sy.n.

fied; magisterial.

Pomp'ous-ly, adv.

With

great pa-

[pompous.

rade,

PoMP'ofis-NESS,

PoN'CHO

State of being

n.

(pon'tcho),

[Sp.]

re.

kind of cloak worn by the Spanish

Americans, having the form of a
blanket.

Pond,

1.

[Lat. pommn,
(puna'as), n.
a fruit, an apple L. Lat. pomarium.]
Substance of apples, &c, crushed by

POM'ACE

Po'NY

(148), n. [Gael,
Cf. PUNY.]

horse.

1.

a.

[Lat.

2.

Like pomace.

Po-MADE',

re.

[Lat.

pomum, an

ap-

small

n.

deliberation.
Syx.
To consider; muse.

sider any subject which is fairly brought

before us; yvepo?ider a concern involving great interests we muse on the events
of childhood.
;

PoN'DER-otJS,

a.

Pop,

Gr. 7ra.77as, Tramra<; father.]

The
head of the Roman Catholic church.
,

Pope'dom,

[Lat. pondtrosus

pondus, a weight.]
1. Very heavy
weighty. 2. Important; momentous.

Strongly impulsive.
Pon'der-oOs-ly, adv.
weight

cowardly.
n.
A small, smart, quick sound
or report.
v. i. 1. To make a sharp,
quick sound. 2. To enter, issue, or
move, with a quick, sudden motion.
v. t.
[-ped; -ping.] 1. To push
or thrust suddenly. 2. To cause to
burst suddenly with heat, as corn.
jidv. Suddenly.
POPE,n. [hat. papa, father, bishop,
;

We con-

3.

Office, dignity, orju-

n.

risdiction of the pope.

Pop'ER-Y,n.

Religion of the
Catholic church.

With great Pop'gHn,

n.

A child's gun

small dagger.
[-ED
v. t.
To pierce with a poniard.

Pon'TAGE, n.

wolf, TOO, SOOlij URN, rue, PULL

E,

1,

[L. Lat.

O, silent

-ING.]

pontagium,fr.
;

Roman

for shoot-

ing pellets by the expansion of com-

PON-GEE', n. An inferior India silk.

pressed air.
Pon'IARD (-yard), re. [Lat. pugio, pu- PoP'lN-JAY re.
pomum, an
gionis, from pun % ere, to prick.]
Ar. papaga.]
A

Consisting of apples.

ponaidh, a little
A small horse.

[A.-8.p6l,pul.] 1. A small
and rather deep collection of fresh
water. 2. A puddle.
Poop, re.
[Lat. puppis.]
A deck
raised above the after part of the
spar deck.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To
strike in the stern.
Pooped (pobpt, 60), a. Furnished
with a poop.
Poor, a. [-ER; -est.] [0. Eng.
pove.re, 0. Fr. poure, povre, Lat. pauper.] 1. Destitute of property needy.
2. Destitute of such qualities as are
desirable, or as might naturally be
expected lean emaciated inferior
barren
sterile
valueless
paltry.
3. Worth v of pity.
Poor'-house, re. A public establishment for the support of the poor;
an alms-house.
Poor'ly, adv. In a poor manner.

Pool,

Po-MA'CEOUS,

OR, do,

various ecclesiastical rites.

2. pi.
Dress and ornaments of a priest,
bishop, or pope.
Pon-tif'I-ate, re. 1. State or dignity of a high priest. 2. Office, dignity, or reign of the pope.
PON-TON', In. [Fr. ponton, fr. Lat.
Pon-toon', j pons, a bridge.] 1. A
light float, used in forming a bridge
quickly for the passage of troops. 2A low, flat vessel, used in careening
jships
a lighter.

grinding.
apple.]

a.

cially the pope.

Pon-tif'IO-al, a.
Belonging to a
high priest, or to the pope popish.
1. A book of formulas, used in
re.

iness.

Pertaining to
PoL/Y-THE-iST'ie-AL,
polytheism. 2. Believing in a pluralit}- of gods.
1

make, because the first bridge over

the Tiber was constructed by the
high priest.] A high priest; espe-

[Prob. fr. A.-S. pyndan, to

re.
shut in.] A natural or an artificial
body of fresh water.
a.
Somewhat ill indisposed.
PONf'DER, V.t. [-ED; -1NG.] [Lat. Poor'ness,
State of being poor.
re.
ponderare, fr. Lat. pondus, a weight.]
Poor'-spir/it-ed, a.
Of a mean
To we igh in the mind to view with
spirit

To think to deliberate to
v. i.
many arts or sciences are taught.
muse.
[weighed.
POL'Y-THE'ISM, n. [Gr. ttoAv'?. many,
and 0e6s, god.]
Doctrine of a plu- Pon'DER-a-ble, a. Capable of being
PoN'DER-ANCE.rc. Weight; gravity.
rality of gods.
Pol'Y-the'ist, n. One who believes PoN'DER-os'i-TY, re. Weight heavin a plurality of gods.
POL'Y'-THE-IST'IC,

Lat. pons, a bridge.]

A duty paid
for repairing bridges.
PON'TIFF, n. [Lat. pontifex, pontifv
cis, fr. pons, a bridge, and facere, to

Po-mol'o-gy, re. [Lat. pomum, fruit, Poo'dle,.' [Ger. pudrl.]

dog with long, silky hair.
and Gr. Ao-yos, discourse.] Science

footed.]
An aquatic animal of the
radiate type, which forms coral by
the secretion of calcareous matter.
a.

it

n.
State
many Pom-pos'i-ty,
pompous pompousness.

Containing
a.
or minus.
names or terms.
PoL'YP, n. [Gr. ttoAvttous, i. e.,

Pol'y-pous,

because

seeds.]

\ /

many an-

Having

X.

Po-lvg'o-nal,

ple,

granatus, having

angle.]
plane figure of more/

ytavCa,

POPISH

325

re.
Jating to, several languages.
1.
person acquainted with several languages. 2. A book, esp. the Scriptures, written in several languages. 3.
Text of one of the versions in a proper
polyglot, printed by itself.
Pol'y-gon, n. [Gr.

[0.
1.

Eng. popingay,

parrot.

2.

fop or coxcomb.

Pop'ish, a.
Relating
taught by the pope.

to

the pope;

as

NG; THIS.

C, G, soft; , G, hard;

A; EXIST

;.

POPLAR
P6p'lar,

and worsted.
POP-LIT'I, a. [Lat. poples,poplitis,
ham.] Pertaining to the ham, or
posterior part of the knee-joint.
n.
[A.-S. popig, Lat. papaA plant from which opium is
extracted.
$?6p'u-lace, n.
[Lat. populus, the
people.]
The common people all
persons not distinguished by rank,
education, office, or profession.

P6p'py,
ver.]

Syjj.

Mob.

POP'U-LAR,

[La.t.popidaris.']

a.

Pertaining to the

Easy

to be

common

comprehended

1.

people. 2.
;

familiar.

Pleasing to people in general. 4.

Prevailing among the people.
PoP'u-lXr'i-ty, n.
Quality or state
of being popular.
PoP'U-LAR-IZE, V.t.
[-ED -JNG.]
To make common or popular to
spread among the people.
Pop'u-lar-ly, adv. So as to please
or suit the populace.
3.

Pop'u-late,

v.

To

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

furnish with inhabitants

v. i._ To propagate.

POSITION

326
A

[Lat. populus.]
genus
of trees of several species.
Pop'lin, n.
textile fabric of silk

n.

to people.

rock, often purple, through which

crystals of feldspar are disseminated.

Por'poise

cetaceous

Por'ridge

n.
[Lat. populatio.]
Multiplication of inhabitants. 2.
people in a country or region.
Pop'u-loDs, a. [Lat. populosus.] Containing many inhabitants.
1.

Whole number of

Pop'u-lous-ly, adv. With many

Porpoise,

a hog in the sand

like

[Corrupt, fr. pottage.]

Vegetables boiled in water, with or
without meat
also, meal or flour
boiled in water, or in milk, to the
consistency of thin paste.
Por'rin-ger, w. [From porridge.] A
small metallic vessel in which liquids
are warmed.
Port, n. 1. [Lat. portus.] A place
where ships may ride secure from
storms.
2. [Lat. porta.]
(a.) A
gate; a door,
(b.) An opening in
the side of a ship through which cannon may be discharged.
3. [Lat.
n.

portare, to carry.] Manner in which

one bears himself. 4. [From Oporto,
in Portugal.]
A dark-purple astrin5.
[Etymology uncerLarboard or left side of a

gent wine.
tain.]

To

v.

[Lat. portare, to carry.]

turn to the left side of a ship
t.

^aid of the helm.

PORT'A-BLE a
,

por-

Capable of being

tare, to carry.]

borne or carried.

Port'age,

v.

[See

Port,

v. t.]

1.

Act of carrying. 2. Price of carriage.

[populous.
3. A carrying place between two
Pop'u-lous-ness, n. State of being
bodies of navigable water.
POR'CE-L AIN, n. [Orig. a kind of shell, Por'TAL.m. [Lat. porta, a gate.] A
fr. Lat. porcus, prob. fr. its smoothsmall door or gate
hence, someness and whiteness.] A fine, transtimes, any passage-way
lucent kind of earthen ware.
PORT-CUL'LIS,
[Fr. porte coulisse,
PORCH, n. [A.-S. portic, Lat. portifrom porte, a
cus.]
A kind of vestibule an ornagate, and coumental entrance way a portico.
lis, coulisse, fr.
Por'CINE, a. [Lat. porcinus ; porcus,
colder, to flow,
a swine.
Pertaining to swine.
to glide.]
A
Por'cu-pine, n. [Lat. porcus, swine,
frame-work of
and spina, thorn.] A quadruped
timbers, hung
with spines or sharp prickles, capaover a gateble of being erected at pleasure.
way, to be let
PORE, n. [Gr. nopo<;, a passage, a
down to prepore.] 1. A minute orifice in an anvent the enimal membrane. 2. A small intertrance of an
stice. v.i.
[-ED; -ING.] [Prob.
enemy.
a modif. of bore.] To look with steady, PORTE, n. [Fr.,
Portcullis,
in-

habitants,

]_

continued attention.
Po'rism, n. [Gr. Tropia-fxa, something
deduced from a previous demonstra-

proposition designed to find

the condition that will render certain problems capable of innumeration.]

ble solutions.
n.
[Lat. porcus, swine.]
of swine, fresh or salted.

Pork,

Pork/er,

Flesh

hog.
Po-ros'i-ty, n. Quality or state of
rt.

having pores.

Por'ous

(89), a.

[See

Pore.]

Full

n.

purple, from
a, ,

i,

n.

1.

Money

LI-O, n.
[Lat. portare, to carry,
pi. folia.]
1.
portable case, for loose papers.
2. A collection of prints, designs, &c.
3.
Office and functions of a minister of
Jtate.
[of war.
_
Port'-hole, n. Embrasure of a ship

and folium,

T?0R'T1-0,V.;

pi.

POR'TJ-OE.

[It.

See PORCH.] A covered space, inclosed by columns, at the entrance

^)f a building.

POR'TION,

n.

[Lat. portio.]

1.

separated part of any thing.

2. A
part considered by itself. 3. A part
assigned.
4. Share of an inheritance. 5. A wife's fortune.
Syn.
Part. Part is generic, having
a simple reference to some whole.
Portion has the additional idea of being detached from a whole, usually with a
view to its being allotted to Konie object;
as, a. portion of one's time
a portion of
the day; a portion of Scripture.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To separate into portions
to divide. 2. To
jupply with a portion to endow.
Por'tion-eess, a. Having no portion,
[of appearance.
Port'li-ness, n. Dignity of mien, or

The
government of the Turkish empire.
a gate.]

PORTE-MONNAIE

(pdrt'mun-na'),

Port'ly,

a.

[From

port.]

ing a dignified mien.

HavBulky

1.

2.

corpulent.

Port-man'teau
[Fr.

(-man'to, 147), n.

porte-manteau

and mante.au, a
carrying apparel,

POR'TRAIT,n.

; porter, to carry,
cloak.]
bag for

&c, on

journeys.

[Fr., fr. portraire, to

portray.]
Any exact likeness of a
jiving being.
Por'trait-ure (53), n. 1. A por2. That which is copied from
some example or model.
trait.

POR-TRAY',

[-ED -JNG.] [Fr.

V. t.
portraire, fr. Lat. protralure, to draw
forth.] 1. To paint or draw the likeness of.^ 2. To describe in words.
POR-TRAY'AL, n. Act of portraying.
Por-TRAY'ER, n. One who portrays.
Por'tress, n. A female porter.
Port'-ward'.en, n. The officer in
charge of a port.
Pore, n. [See Pose, v. t.] An attitude formally assumed for effect.
[Fr. poser, to
v.t.
[-id; -ing.]
place, to put, to put a question.] 1.
To puzzle. 2. To embarrass by ques;

from porter, to carry, and

monnaie, money.]
A small pocketbook or wallet.
tioning or scrutiny.
Por-tnd', r. t, [-ed;-ing.] [Lat. Pos'er, n. 1. One who puzzles by askn.

[Fr.,

portendere, portentum, fr. protendere,

to stretch forth, hence, to indicate.]
To indicate as in the future.

ing difficult questions. 2. A question

or statement which puzzles or silences.

POR-TENT', n. That which portends Po-si'TlON (-zish'un), n. [Lat. positio,

frtponere, to put, place.] 1. Manevil
an omen of ill.
[ominous.
;

of pores having interstices.

POR/PHY-R'iT'lG, a.
Pertaining
like, or consisting of, porphyry.

POR'PHY-RY,

carries burdens for

A dark -brown malt liquor
used by the London porters.

3.

first

[Lat. portabilis

paid for
the carriage of burdens by a porter.
2. Business of a porter.
PORT-FOL'IO (-t'ol'yo), Or PORT-FO'-

mammal

which roots
and mud.

hire.

One who

POR'TER-AGE,

[O.Eng.
pus), n.
porcpisce,porpesse,
Lat. porcus piscis,
i.e., hog-fish.] A

ship.

Pop'U-LA'TION,

(por'-

tare.]

to,

[Gr. 7rop0upi TT)9, like

purple.]

irop(}>vpa,

POR-TENT'otJS,a. Foreshadowing ill

POR-TENT'oDs-LY, adv. Ominously.

PSr'TER,

porta,
1. A man that has the
charge of a door a door-keeper. 2.
[0. Eng. port, to carry, fr. Lat. porn.
gate, door.]

o, u, y, long; X,,I,6,t), , short;

[Lat. portarius

ner in which any thing is placed. 2.

Spot where a person or thing is
placed or stands. 3. Ground taken
in an argument, &c. 4. Social rank.
5. A method of solving a problem by
one or two suppositions.

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, tkm; pique, fIrm; son,

POSITIVE

327

.-,

[Lat. positivus.] 1.
POS'I-TIVE, a.
Real actual. 2. Not dependent on
absolute.
changing circumstances
3. Explicitly stated. 4. Not doubtful
;

indisputable
decior conditional
sive. 5. Prescribed by express enactment. 6. Fully assured confident
dogmatic. 7. {Photography.) Corresponding in lights and shades to those
of the original from which taken
Pos'i-TIVE-LY, adv. 1. In a positive
2.
form or manner; absolutely.
Certainly really.
P6'i-tIve-ness, n. 1. Reality of
existence. 2. Undoubting assurance.
P6s'l-Tiv-ISM, n. A system of philosophy which excludes every thing
but natural phenomena, together
with their invariable relations of co;

existence

and succession.

P&S'SE bM<i-TA'TUS.

[Lat. posse,

to be able, to have power, and L. Lat.

Citizens who
comitatus, a county.]
may be summoned to assist an officer in suppressing a riot, &c.
E~ Comitatus is often omitted, and
posse alone is used in the same sense.

POS-sess' (pos-seV or poz-zeV), v. t.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. possidere, possessum, from po, an inseparable and
intensive prep., and sedere, to sit.]

To hold in one's own keeping. 2.

To have the legal title to. 3. To be
the master of. 4. To obtain possession of. 5. To enter into and influ-

1.

said of evil spirits, &c.

ence;
To acquaint to inform.

or emolument.

messenger; a

conthe mail. 6. A
adv.
1.
sort of writing paper.
With post-horses. 2. With great
v. i. To travel with postrapidity.
v.t. [-ED
horses or with speed.
-ING.] 1. To advertise, esp. opprobriously.* 2. To assign to a station
to set. 3. To put in the mail. 4.
To carry, as an account, from the
journal to the ledger. 5. To acquaint
jo inform. [Colloq.]

Post'age,

[From

n.

post,

letters, &c.
POST'AL, a. Belonging to

PSst'boy,
post

n.

the post-

n.

conveyance of

letter.

To mark with a

-ing.]
stamp.

Post'mas-ter,
charge of a

[-E n
post-of&.

One who has

n.

post-office.

Post'Me-rid'i-an,

a.
[Lat. postmepost, after, and meridia-

ridianus;
nus, belonging to midday.] Being
or belonging to the afternoon.
Post'-MOR'tem, a. [Lat.] After
death.
Post-mortem examination of a body, examination after the death of the patient.
n.
A bank-note, made
payable to order, for transmission to
a distant place by post.

Post'-note,

[Lat. post, after, and

A bond, in which the
obligor binds himself to pay a larger

PSst'-o'bit,

boy that rides as

n.
obitus, death.]

A carriage with
four wheels, for

sum, on unusual interest, on the

death of some one from whom he

a courier.

Post'-chaise,
Post'-coach,
_the

[office.

travelers.

has expectations.

POST'-DATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. Post'-of'fice, n. A governmental

post, after, and Eng. date.] To date
office, where letters are received and
;

after the real time.

distributed.

Post'-di-lu'vi-an,
the flood.

n.

Being after

a.

One who

lived after

_the flood.

POST'-EN'TRY,

n.

subsequent

[Lat.

a.

1.

posterior,

Later in time or order.

hind in position.
Pos-te'ri-or'I-ty, n.
lateror subsequent.

POST'-PAID,
Post-p5ne',

after.]
2.

Be-

State of being

[paid.

Having the postage

a.
v.

t.

[-ED; -ing.] [Lat.

post, after, and ponere,

1. To defer to a future
To set below something.
See Adjourn.

postponere

1.

entry, at the custom-house, of goods.

2. (Book-keeping.) An additional or
jubsequent entry.
Post'er, n. 1. One who posts a
large bill posted for
courier. 2.
advertising.

compar. of posterus, coming

Syn. To have. Have is the word

naturally used. To possess denotes to
have " as a possession." Some overlook
the fact that hare is the leading term,
and use possess when there is nothing
specific in the case to require its use.

n., 5.]

Established price for the conveyance

of

Pos-TE'RI-OR,

6.

4.

An established

letter-carrier. 5.
veyance for letters

POTABLE
v.t.
post-office on a

to place.]
time.
2.

Syn.

POST-PONE'MENT,

n. Act of postponing temporary delay of business.

;

POST'SCRIPT,

n. [Lat. post, after,

and

scriptum, written.] An addition to

a letter, a book, or newspaper, &c
,

after it
finished.

had been supposed

Post'-town

(109), n.

to

be

town hav-

ing a post-office.

[Lat. postulans,
Pos-te'ri-ors, n. pi. Hinder parts Post'u-lant, n.
demanding.] One who makes a reof an animal's body.
-zesh'un),
quest, or demand; hence, a candiPOS-TER'I-TY, n. [Lat. posteritas.]

Pos-ses'sion (-sesh'un or
2. Actual
date.
1. Act of possessing.
7i.
Offspring to the furthest generation.
That Pos'TERN, n.
ownership.
3.
Post'u-LATE, n. 1. A position asoccupancy
[0. Fr. posterne, from
sumed without proof. 2. Enunciawhich any one owns. 4. State of
Lat. post, after, behind.] 1. A prition of aself-evident problem.
being possessed, as by an evil spirit.
vate entrance. 2. Any small door or
POST'U-LATE,
[-ED; -ING.]
V. t.
POS-SESS'iVE (pos-seV- or poz-zeV-),
gat|e.
[Lat. postulare, -latum, to demand.]
Pertaining to possession having
a.
post,
[Lat.
after,
and
n.
Post'FIX,
without
proof.
To
assume
or expressing possession.
A letter, syllafigere, fizits, to fix.]
Post'u-la/tion, n. Gratuitous asPos-sess'or (pos-ses'- or poz-zeV-), n.
ble, or word, added to the end of an;

One who
Syjt.

possesses.

Owner

sumption.
other word a suffix.
To Post'u-la-to-RY, a. Assuming or
Post-fix', v. t. [-ed -ing.]
assumed without proof.
add to the end of another word.
[Lat.
PosT'-HASTE', n. Haste in traveling, Post'ure (post'ytjr, 53), n.
positura, fr. ponere, to place.] 1.
adv. With
like that of a courier.
situation of a figure with regard
The
jspeed.
;

proprietor

master.

PSs'SET, n. [W. posel, curdled milk,

posset, from pos, posiaw, to gather,
to heap.] Milk curdled by wine or
[-ED
v.t.
other strong liquor.
-ING.] To curdle to turn.
Post'-horse,
Pos'SI-BlL'I-TY, n. 1. Power of being
for the post.
or existing. 2. That which is pos- Post'-house,

n.

horse stationed

to the eye.

Condition, as of cir-

2.

cumstances, or f feeling and

Syn. See Attitude.
t

will.

house where
relays of post-horses can be obtained. Po'SY, n.
[Contr. {torn poesy] 1. A
P6s'Sl-BLE, a. [Lat. possibilis, from
2. A post-office.
motto a legend or inscription. 2.
posse, to be able.] 1. Liable to hap- Post'hu-mous, a. [Lat. posthumus,
nosegay
a bouquet also, a single
A
pen capable of existing. 2. Barely
posturnus, superl. of posterus, coming
flower.
able to be or to come to pass.
Born,
published,
or
done,
1.
Pot, n. [Tcel. pottr, potta.] 1. A
after.]
Syx. See Practicable.
2. Continuing
large metallic or earthen vessel, apafter one's death.
[decease.
propriated to any of a great variety
after one's decease.
P6s'sr-BLY, adv. 1. By any power
of uses. 2. A mug. 3. Quantity conreally existing.
2. Without involv- PosT'HU-MOUS-Lf; adv. After one's
n.
[Written
also
Pos-TIL'ION (-yun),
tained in a pot. 4. A sort of paper,
ing impossibility or absurdity.
postillion.] [Fr. postilion. See POST.
[-ted
in small-sized sheets.
v. t.
POST, n. [Lat. postis, allied to ponere,
One who rides one of the horses
-TING.] To place or inclose in pots
positum, to place.] 1. A piece of
5.]
jn a post-chaise.
as, (a.) To preserve seasoned.
timber or stone, &c, set upright: a
(6.)
n.

1.

sible.

pillar.

2.

tary station.

OR, DO,

esp., a milistation
3. A position of trust
;

Post'mais

post or courier.
(150), n.
Post'MARK, n. Mark, or stamp, of a

WOLF, TOO, 20T&IW URN, RUE, PULL

e,

I,

O, silent

C, 6, soft;

<!,

To set out or cover

P6'TA-BLE, a. [Lat.
g, hard;

AS ; EXIST

in pots.
potabilis
;

NNG;

potare,

THIS.

,;

TOTASH

PRACTICE

328

drunk

Fit to be

to drink.]
able.

;;

drink-

PoUL'TiCE (20), n. [Lat. puis, pultis,

soft
a thick pap, Gr. 7t6Atos.J
composition to be applied to sores.

power.] 1. Ability to act

faculty
of doing something
2. strength,
force, or energy in action.
3. Capacity of undergoing susceptibility.
4. Exercise of any kind of control
influence ;. command. 5- An individual, institution, or government,
exercising control. G. A military or
naval force.
7.
Product arising
from the multiplication of a numbei
;

Pot'XsH,

n.

ashes.]

[Eng. pot and ash, pi.

powerful alkali, the pro-

toxide of potassium

v.

To cover or

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

dress with a poultice.

potassa.

Pure potash, or pro- Poult'ry (20), n. [From poult, a

young chicken, from poulet, dim. of
toxide of potassium.
Domestic fowls propapoule, hen.]
Po-tas'si-UM, n.
A bluish-white,
gated and fed for the table, &c.
lustrous metal having a strong affin1. [Fr. ponce, fr. Lat.
ity for oxygen, with which it forms Pounce, n.
pumex,pumicis.] A fine powder to
potassa. It is lighter than water.
prevent ink from spreading on paper.
Po-TA'TION, n. [Lat. potatio; potare, to drink.]
2. [Norm. F^r. ponce, hand, fr. Lat.
1.
A drinking or
pugnits, fist.]
Claw or talon of a
drinking-bout. 2. A draught.

Po-tas'sA, n

PO-TA'TO,

n.

PO-TA'TOE.

pi.

[Sp.

patatn, batata, Peruv. papa.]

plant, and its tuber, used for food.

Po-teen',

To

potaim poitim

n. [Cf. Ir.

Irish whisky.

1 drink.]

Po'TEN-CY, n. State of being potent.

Po'TENT, a. [Lat. potens, being able,
having power.] 1. Physically strong.
2 Having great authority. 3. Having great influence.
Syx.
Powerful mighty

puissant

efficient; forcible; efficacious.

Pd'TENT-ATE,

n.

sovereign; an

emperor, king, or monarch.

PO-tEn'tial, a. Existing in possibility, not in act.

Po-ten'ti-al'i-ty

95), n.
possibility.

(-shi-,

State of being potential

Po-tEn'tial-i.

y, adv.
not in act.

In possibil-

[or energy.
adv. With great force
[Pern. fr. 0. D. poeder,
or Fr. poudre, dust.] Bustle confusion
tumult.
ity

Po'TENT-LY,
Poth'er, n.

PoT'-HERB
in cooking

Pot'-hook,
.

Any herb used

(-orb), n.
for food.

n.

1.

pots on over the

like a pot-hook.

2.

hang

to

character

[Eng. pot and sherd

n.

or shard.]

piece of a broken pot.

Pot'TAGE, n. [Fr. potage.

Food made of meat and

See Pot.]
vegetables

boiled to softness.

[vessels.

Pot'TER, n. One who makes earthen

P6t'TER-Y, n. 1. Vessels or ware
made by potters. 2. Place where
earthen vessels are manufactured.
n.
[Dim. of pot. Cf. Eng.
bottle.]
1. A liquid measure of four
pints.
2. A small basket for fruit.

Pot'TLE,

Pot'-val'IANT

Made

(-val'yant), a.

courageous by strong drink.

Pouch,

[A.-S. poca, pocca.

See
small bag. 2. Something shaped like or used as a pouch.
v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To pocket to
save. 2. To swallow
said of fowls.
Pou-CHONG' (poo-shongO, n. A kind
of black tea.
Pqu-Drette' (poo-dref), n. [Fr.,
dim. of poudre powder.] A manure
made from the contents of privies,
with charcoal, gypsum, &c.
n.

POKE.]

1.

A
;

Poult'er-er,

n.

One who

deals in

poultry.
A,

E,

I,

&c,

magnifies.
a.
Full of power capable of producing great effects.
Syx.
Mighty; ttrong potent; effi-

PoWer-ful,

1.

2.

cacious; energetic; intense.

punch.
v. i. To fall
seize with the claws.
PoWer-ful-ly, adv. With power.
Pound, n. [A.-S & Goth, pund.] 1. Pow'er-ful-ness, n. Quality of
A certain weight 16 ounces avoirduhaving great power force.
pois, or 12 ounces troy.
2. Twenty PoWer-less, a. Destitute of power.
shillings sterling, equal to about Power-loom, n. A loom worked
$4.84. 3. [A.-S. pund, fr. pyndan.
by some mechanical power.
to shut up.]
An inclosure in which Power-press, n. A printing press
cattle are confined when taken in
worked by steam or water.
trespassing, &c.
-ING.] POWWOW, n. 1. A priest, or conv. t. [-EI)
1. To confine in a pound.
2. [A. 7 S.
jurer, among the North American
punian, to bruise.] To beat with
Indians. 2. Conjuration for cure of
some heavy instrument.
diseases, &c.
3. A noisy assembly.
POUND'AGE, n. The sum allowed to Pox, n. [For pocks, from A.-S. pocc,
a sheriff on the amount made by virpoc. See Pock.] Any one of the
tue of an execution.
four diseases called small-pox, chickPound'er, n. 1. One who pounds.
en-pox, the vaccine disease, and the
2. An instrument for pounding.
venereal disease.
Pour, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Cf. W. POZ'ZU-O-LA'NAfpot'sO-O/pot/SOO-),
bwrw, to cast, throw, shed.] 1. To
n.
Volcanic ashes from Pozzuoli, in
cause to flow in a stream into or out
Italy, used in making a kind of morof a vessel. 2. To emit. 3. To give
tar which hardens under water.
vent to; to utter.
v. i.
To issue Prac'ti-ca-bil'i-ty, n. Quality or
forth in a stream
to flow.
state of being practicable.
Pout, n. 1. A sea-fish, of the cod PRA'TI-A-BLE, a. [L. Lat. practikind. 2. A kind of bird. 3. A fit of
cal, to act, transact.] 1. Capable
sullenness. v. i. [-El> -ING.] [Fr.
of being performed or done. 2. Ad-

pierce

to

suddenly and

n.

n.

Pot'-sherd,

9.

A hook

fire.

An ale-house.
[Lat. potto; potare, to
drink.]
A draught a dose.
Pot'-LUCK,)). What may chance to
be provided for dinner.
Pot'-HOUSE,

Po'TION,

bird of prey.
v.t. [-ED; -ing.]
To sprinkle or rub with pounce.

itself.
8. A mechanical agent.
Degiee to which a lens, mirror,

into

5,U, Y,long; ,jl,0,

bonder, to pout, W. poten, potlen,

what bulges out, a paunch.] 1. To
thrust out the lips, as in sullenness
to look sullen.
2. To protrude.

Pov'ER-TY,

pau-

most absolute

Pauperism

destitution.

denotes entire dependence upon public

charity.

POWDER,

n.
[0 Eng. poulder, Lat.
pulvis, pulveris.] 1.
dry substance
in minute particles
dust.
2. An
explosive composition of saltpeter,

A
;

sulphur, and charcoal. 3. Pulverized starch for dressing the hair.

-ING.] 1. To reduce to
v. t. [-ED
dust; to pulverize. 2. To sprinkle
with powder.

PoWder-flask,
Pow'DER-HORN,
gunpowder

is

gunpowder

is

PoWDER-Y,a.
friable.

2.

POWER,

, short;

n.

flask

or

horn in which

carried.

Powder-mill.

posse,
t),

n. [Lat. paupertas;

poor.] 1. Want of means of

subsistence.
2. Any deficiency of
resources.
Syn.
Indigence; pauperism l'overti/iaa relative term; what is poverty
to a gentleman, would be competence
for a day-laborer. Indigence implies al-

per,

n.

mill in

which

made.
Easily crumbling

1.

Dusty.

3.

Like powder.

n.
[Fr. pouvoir, from Lat.
potesse, to be able, to have

mitting of use.
Syx. Possible.
A thing may be
i. e., not forbidden by any law
of nature, and yet may not now be prac-

pofsihle,

ticable for want of the

to its performance.

Prac'ti-cal,

means

requisite

[Lat. practicus. Gr.

7rpaKTiK6s, fr. wpdo-o-eiv. to do, work.]
1. Pertaining to practice.
2. Capable of being turned to use.
3. Evina.

cing practice or skill.

from, or put in, practice.

Pra'TI-AL-LY, adv.
iment.

2.

4.

Derived

By

experIn practice or use.

n.
Quality of
1.

Prac'ti-cal-ness,
being practical.

Practice,

n.

[See

Practical.]

1.

Frequently repeated actions. 2. Cususe. 3. Actual performance;

4. Exercise of a profession.
action.

tomary

A certain rule or process in arithmetic.

Syn. Custom; usage; habit; manner.

5.

v.t.

[-ED ; -ing.] [Written also

1. To do or perform frequently or habitually. 2. To apply,
as a theory, to real life to exercise,
as a profession, trade, &c. 3. To

practise.]

v. i
commit to perpetrate.
1.
To perform certain acts frequently.
2. To exercise a profession, especially
;

medicine or law.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TRM

PIQUE, FIRM; SON.

PRACTITIONER
Prac-ti'tion-er

One

engaged in the actual exercise of a

profession, esp. law or medicine.
n. ; pi. PRJV-N&M'[Lat., fr. prse, before, and

addressing supplication to God.

Form of words used in praying.

Prayer'-book

Prjz-NO'men,
I-JVA t

PRECIPITATE

329

(-tlsh'un-), n.

3.

(prar'bo'ok), n.

book containing forms of prayer.

Given to
(pi-ar'-), a.

Prayer'ful

may

serve as an example to authorize a subsequent act of the like kind.

Syn.
Example.
An example is a

similar case which may serve as a rule

or guide, but has no authority out of it-

A precedent

self.

something which

is

prayer devotional.
nomen, name.] (Rom. Antiq.) The
comes down to us from the past with the
Prayer'ful-ly (prar/ -), adv. In a
first name, by which individuals of
sanction of usage and of common consent.
prayerful manner.
the same family were distinguished.
Prayer'eess (prar'-), a. Habitually Prec'e -DENT-ED, a. Having a precePr^e'tor, n. See Pretor.
;

PraG-MAT'IC,
Prag-mat'ic-al,
ive, fr. npdyfxa,

neglecting prayer to God.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
v. i.
prmedicare, to cry in public, to pro-

[Gr. irpo.yna.T-

a.

ikos, busy, actj

a thing done, busi-

Pertaining to business. 2.
ness.]
Officious meddlesome impertinent.
Prag-MAT'IC, n. A solemn decree
issued bv the head of a state.
Prai'rie"(89), n. [Fr., fr. Lat. pratum, a meadow.] An extensive tract
of grass land, destitute of trees.
Prai'RIE-dog, n. A small barking
animal, allied to the marmot, found
on the prairies.
Praise, n. [Lat. pretivm,i>rice, value,
reward.]
1.
Commendation
approval of merit. 2. Tribute of gratitude or homage to the Divine Being.
3. Object, ground, or reason of
-ING.] [Lat.
praise,
v. t.
[-ED
pretiare, fr. pretium, price, value,
reward.] 1. To express approbation

Preach,
claim

1.

2.

of.

Syn.

To do honor

lic

preaches

Maintenance granted to a prebendary

out of the estate of a cathedral or
collegiate church.

n.

A clergyman

at-

tached to a collegiate or cathedral

church.

Pre-A'ri-OUS,

prrcarius,

[Lat.

a.

precari, to pray, beg. J 1. Depending on the will or pleasure of another.

2. Held by a doubtful tenure
exposed to constant risk.
fr.

Uncertain. Precarious

Syn.

Prank'ish,

is

stronger than uncertain. It expresses the

highest species of uncertainty, and is applied to such tilings as depend wholly on
future casualties.

Prate,

[prebend.
Pertaining to a

a.

Wor- PREB'END-A-RY,

sportive action.
a.
Full of pranks.
[-ed; -ing.]
[Icel.
t\ i.
prata.] To talk much and to little
purpose.
n
Trifling talk.
PRAT'IQUE (prtit'eek), n. [Fr.] License to hold intercourse with a
place, after having performed quarantine.
.

v.

i.

[-ED: -ING.]

Pre-ca'RI-oOs-ly, adv.

talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to prate.

n.
Trifling or childish tattle.
Prat'tler, n. One who prattles.
PRAV'I-TY, n. [Lat. pravitas ; pravus, crooked, perverse.] Depravity

At the

will

of pthevs.

PrE'A-tlve,
PRE'A-TO-RY,
Suppliant

[Dim.

To

Any commandment

in-

portion, especially of a statute.

n.
[L. Lat. prxbenda, fr.
Lat. pr&bere, to hold forth, afford.]

Preb'end,

inhabitant

1.

tended as a rule of action, esp as to

moral conduct. 2. A species of writ.
Syn. See Doctkixe.
Pre-cep'ti've, a. 1. Giving precepts.
di2. Directing in moral conduct

Pre-bend'al,
a.

An

n.

struct.]

of prate.]

a religious discourse.

[structor.
Adam.
dactic,
PRE'AD-MON'ISH, v. t. [-ED -ING.] Pre-oep'tor. m. A teacher; an inTo admonish previously.
Prjl'cep-to'ri-al, a. Pertaining to
Pre-ad'mo-ni'tion (-nTsh'un), n.
a preceptor.
Previous warning or admonition.
Pre-CEP'to-ry, a. Giving precepts;
PRE'AM-BLE, n. [Lat. prseambulus,
preceptive.
n. [L. Lat. prseceptoria,
walking before.]
An introductory
from Lat. prseceptor a commander,

to.

aloft.

[Lat. fr. prse, ben.

and cantor, a singer.] Leader
of the choir in a cathedral.
PRE'CEPT, n. [Lat. przeceptum, from
prsecipere, to take beforehand, to infore,

of the earth before

thy of applause commendable.

Prance, f. t. [-ed; -ing-.] [Allied
to prank.} To bound, as a horse.
Prank, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Ger.
prangen, prunken, to shine, to make
a show Icel. pranga.] To adorn in
a showy manner.
n.
A gay or

PRAT'TLE,

t.

To

2.

Pre-ad'am-ite,

to raise high; to applaud is

to greet, with clapping; to extol is to

bear

v.

Preach'er, n. One who preaches.

Preach'ing, n. Act of one who

Prais_e'wor-thy (-wQr-thy),

to deliver a
1. To proclaim in a
deliver or pronounce.

religious discourse

sermon.
sermon.

To applaud? extol. To praise

is, literallj

to

dicare,

make known.] To pronounce a pub-

and

prse, before,

dent.

Pre-cen'tor,

[Lat prrcativ us,

a.

and

precatorius.]

beseeching.

Pre-CAU'TION.

[Lat. prsecautio;
pr&cautum, to guard
n.

pra>cavere,
against beforehand.]
caution or care. 2. A

beforehand.

v.

1.

Previous

measure taken
[-ED

t.

-ING.]

subordinate reruler, teacher.]

ligious house of the Knights Templars.
female teacher.
Pre-cep'tress, n.
Pre-ces'sion (-sesb/un), n. [From
Lat. priecedere, pr&cessum, to go be-

fore.]

Act of going before or forward.

Precession of the equinoxes, the slow,

motion of the equinoctial
points along the ecliptic.
Pre'CINCT, n. [Lat. prsecinctus, fr.
prsecingere, to gird about, to encom1.
Boundary. 2.
minor
pass.]
territorial or jurisdictional division.
Pre'cious (preWus), a. [Lat. pretiosus; pretium, price, worth, value.]
costly.
2. Very
1. Of great price

backward

valuable highly esteemed.

less ^contemptible.
;

Pre'cious'ly

(presh'us-),

Worth-

3.

adv.

1.

Valuably to a great price. 2. Contemptibly

PREC'I-PI^E, n. [Lat. prsecipitiirm, fr.
;

A very steep,
perpendicular, or overhanging place.
Capable of being precipitated.
PRE-ciP'l-TANCE, ) n.
Quality of
PRE-ciP'i-TAN-CY, J
being precipiprseceps, headlong.]

PRE-clP'l-TA-BLE,a.

tate

precipitation.

To warn or advise beforehand.

Pre-cip'i-tant, a.
1.
Falling or
PRE-CAU'TION-AL,
a.
Preventrushing headlong.
2. Urged with
Pre-cau'tion-a-ry,
ive of misviolent haste hasty.
n. A liquor
chief containing previous caution.
which, when poured on a solution,
Pre-cau'tioOs, a. Taking preventseparates what is dissolved, and
ive measures.
makes it fall to the bottom.
PRE-CEDE', l'. /. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat. Pre-cip'i-tant-ly, adv. With great
cari, fr. prex, precis, prayer.]
prsec.edere ; prse, before, and cedtre,
1. To
haste.
ask with earnestness or zeal, as for a
to go.]
To go before in place, time, PRE-CIP'I-TATE, V. t. [-ED -ING/f
favor.
2. To address the Supreme
rank, or importance.
[Lat. pr3ecipitare,-tatum, fr. pr&ceps,
Being with adoration, confession, &c. Pre-ced'ence,
n. Act or state of
headlong.]
1. To throw headlong.
v. t. 1. To supplicate
to entreat. PRE-CED'EN-CY,
being precedent
2. To urge with eagerness or violence.
[prays.
priority in position, rank, or time.
to petition.
1._ To request
3. To throw to the bottom of a vessel.
Pray'er (pra/er, 4), n.
One who Pre-CED'ENT. a.
[Lat. precedent. PRE-CIP'I-TATE, a.
1. Falling, flow;

moral corruption.

the shrimp.
Prawn, n. A small crustacean, allied
PRAX'IS, n. [Gr. -npa.^1%, fr. npaaaetv,
to do.]
1. Use; practice.
2. An
example to teach practice.
Pray, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. pre[to

PrAyer

(prar),

n.

[Lat.

Dp,

See

precarius,

obtained by prayer.] 1. Act of praying or of asking a favor. 2. Act of

Precede.]

terior

WQir, too, TOOK; ftRN,RUE,

Pl/LL;

Going before; an-

antecedent.

Prec'e-dent,
je, i,

n.

ing, or rushing, with steep descent

2.

Something that

o, silent; 9, G, soft;

Rashly hasty.
Syn. Steep; headlong; rash.

,Gjiard; AR; ex.ist; n as

ng this
;

PRECIPITATELY

n.
been

substance which, having

is again separated

dissolved,

from its solvent, and thrown to the

bottom of the vessel, by pouring another liquor upon it.
Pre-cip'1-tate-ly, adv.
cipitate manner.
PRE-CIP'I-TA'TION, n.

In a preAct Of

1.

precipitating, or state of being precipitated.

2.
Rash, tumultuous
haste.
3. Act of throwing to the
bottom of a vessel any substance
held in solution.
[cipitates.
Pre-cip'I-ta'tor, n.
One who prePre-cip'i-toOs, a.
[Lat. pneceps,
prxcipitis.] 1. Very steep. 2. Headlong. 3. II sty rash.
[descent.
;

PREFECT

330

PRE-u"R'SOR,

[Lat. prxcursor, fr.

n.
prxcurrere, to run before.] One who,
or that which, precedes an event,
and indicates its approach.
Syn. Forerunner; harbinger; omen.
PRE-efJR'so-RY, a. Indicating something^ to follow.
PRE-DA'CEOUS,a. [Lat. prxda, prey.]
Living by prey predatory.
PRED'A-TO-RY,a. [Lat. prxdatorius.]
1. Characterized by plundering.
2.
;

manner.
Pre-cise'ness,
Syn.

[precise.

Quality of being

n.

See Precision.

Pre-cis'ian

person
rigidly exact in observing rules
a
(-sizh/an) n.

formalist.

PRE-CIS/ION

[Lat. prxcisio.]
Quality of being precise exact limitation exactness accuracy.
(-sizh'un), n.

Syn.
Preeiseness. Precision is always used in a good sense; preeiseness is
frequently taken in a bad one, especially
when applied to persons or their conduct,
denoting an excess of nicety, formal

manners, &c
PRE-CLUDE',

v.

t.

to hinder.

Pre-CLU'sion,

n.
a shutting out.

Act of precluding

PRE-CLU'SIVE,

a.
Precluding, or
tending to preclude.
PRE-LU'SIVE-LY, adv. In a preclu-

sive

foretell

prophesy

prog-

nosticate; presage; forebode.

Pre-dIc'TION,

previous declaration of a future event.

Syn.
Prophecy
prognostication
augury; soothsaying.
Pre-dIct'Ive, a. Foretelling; pron.

phetic.

[Lat. prxdeces-

whom

something.

another follows.

Pre-des'ti-na'ri-an,

n.

[-ED -ING.]
One who PRE'DIS-POgE', V. i.
To incline or arrange beforehand.
a. PerPre'dis-po-sPtion (-zish'un),n. 1.
;

Previous inclination or propensity.

Previous adaptation to any change
or purpose.
Pre-dom'i-nance, \n.
Condition
PRE-DOM'I-NAN-CY, )
or quality of
being predominant superiority.
Pre-dom'i-nant, a.
Superior in
strength, influence, or authority.
Pre-dom'i-nant-ly, adv. VVith superior strength or influence.
Pre-dom'i-nate, v. i. [-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. prx, before, and dominari, -natus, to rule.]
To surpass in streagth,
influence, or authority
to prevail.
PRE-EM'I-NENCE, n.
Distinction
above others in quality, position, or
the like.
2.

fore-ordained.

Pre-des'ti-nate,

v.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

[Lat. pried estinare, -natum, fr. prx,

before, and destinare, to determine.]

To ordain beforehand
changeable purpose.
Pre-des'ti-na'tion,

an un-

by

n.

Act of

1.

fore-ordaining events. 2. The purpose of God from eternity respecting

all events.
[destinates.

Pre-des'TI-NA/TOR,^. OnewhoprePre-des'tTne, v. t. [-ED; -ING.]

To decree beforehand to foreordain.
Pre'de-ter'mi-nate, a.
Determined beforehand.
Pre'de-tEr'mi-na'tion,*!. Act of
;

Pre-EM'i-nent, a. Eminent above

previous determination.
others surpassing others.
Pre'de-ter'mi'ne, r. t. [-ed -ing.]
PRE-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a preTo determine beforehand.
eminent
degree.
PRE'DI-AL, a. [Lat. prxdium, a farm,
;

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

prxcludere, fr. prx and daudere, to
shut.]
To shut out by anticipative
action

forehand.
Stn.
To

Pre-dIct'or, n. One who predicts.

PRE'Dl-LEC'TlON, n. [Lat. prx, before, and ddigere, dilectum, to love.]
dece.ssor,
prx,
sor, fr.
before, and
a
A prepossession of mind in favor of
predecessor.] One who precedes one

Hungry ravenous.
PRED'E-CES'SOR, n.

Pre-cip'i-tous-ly, adv. With sr*>ep

believes in predestination.
Pre-^ise', a. [Lat. przecfgus, cut o/T,
taining to predestination.
brief, concise.]
1. Not loose, vague,
Pre-des'TI-nate, a. Predestinated;
uncertain, or equivocal. 2. Excessively nice
punctilious.
Pre-^ise'ly (110), adv. In a precise

prxdicere, -dictum from prx, before,

and di cere, to say, tell.] To tell be-

manner.

Pre-co'cioDs, a. [Lat. prxrox, prxcocis, and prxcoquus. fr. prsecoquere,

to cook or ripen beforehand.] 1. Ripe
before the proper or natural time. 2.

Consisting

estate.]

or attached

of,

to, land or farms

Pred'i-ca-bIl'I-ty,

being predicable.
[See PREDICATE.]

PRED'I-CA-BLE,a.

Pre-emp'TION

Act or right
(84), n.
of purchasing before others esp. the
right of a settler on the lands of the
;

Quality of

n.

Capable of being affirmed of some-

thing.
n.
1. A general abstract
notion. 2. One of the five most general relations of attributes involved
namely,
in logical ari-angements
;

United States to purchase in preference to others, when the land is sold.

Preen, n. [A.-S. predn, a clasp, bodkin.] A forked instrument used in
dressing cloth.
v. t. [-ed -ing.]
To dress with a preen to keep in

order, as the feathers.

Pre'-en-gage'. V. t. [-ED; -ING.]

To engage by previous contract or inand accident.
Too forward premature.
fluence.
Pre-dic'a-ment, n. [See PrediPre-co'cious-ly, adv. InaprecoPrE'-en-gage'ment,
Prior enn.
cate.] Class or kind described by
ciousmanner.
gagement.
any definite marks hence, condiPre-go'cioOs-ness, n. Quality or
Pre'-es-tab'lish.i-.
t. [-ED; -ing.]
tion; especially, an unfortunate or
Pre-g6c'I-TY,
state of being
j
To settle beforehand.
trying condition.
precocious.
PRED'I-CATE, v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat. Pre'-es-tab'lish-ment, n. Settle/
/
PRE c6-Nl'TlON(-nTsh un), n. [Lat.
ment beforehand.
prxdicare, prxdicatum, to cry in
jrrxcognitio, from prxcognoscere, to
public.
See Preach.] To assert to Pre'-ex-ist', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
genus, species, difference, property,

foreknow.]
Previous knowledge or
examination.
n.
A previous conceit or conception.
PRE'CON-CEIVE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To form a previous notion or idea of.
Pre'ON-cep'tion, n. Conception
or opinion previously formed.
PRE'CON-CERT' (14), v. t.
[-ED;
-ING.] To concert or settle beforehand.
Pre-gon'tract, n. A contract previous to another.
PRE-GUR'sivE, a. Preceding and introductory forerunning.

PRE'CON-CEIT',

A, E,

exist beforehand.

belong to something.

Some able men among ourlawyere Pre'ex-ist'ence, n. Existence previous^" to something else.
Pre-ex-ist'ent, a. Existing beforecertain principles: to predicate a statehand preceding in existence.
ment oh information received. This is Pref'ACE n. [Lat. prxfatio prxfa;
wholly opposed lo good usage. Predicate
Something
ri, to say beforehand.]
is a term in logic, and used only in a sinspoken or written by way of introgle case, namely, when we affirm one
eST*

and statesmen use predicate for found or

base; as, to predicate an argument on

thing of another.

Pre d'i -gate

(45), n.

The thing or

quality affirmed of the subject.

PRED'I-CA'TION,
cating

n.

Act of predi-

assertion.

[positive.

PrED'I-ca-to-ry, a.
Affirmative;
Pre-dIgt', v. t. [-ed:-ing.] [Lat.

long; A,E.,I, 6, 0, Y, short

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

[-ed; -ing.]
To
duction.
v. 1.
introduce by preliminary remarks.
Pref'a-to-ry (50), a. Introductory.
PRE'FECT, n.
[Lat. prxfectus, fr.
prmficere, to set over.]
officer

1.

A Roman

who superintended a

lar department.

2.

particu-

superintend-

ERE, VEIL, TJiRIIj PIQUE, FIRM SON

;

PREFER
I

praeferre: prse, before, and ferre, to

bear.] 1. To offer to present. 2.
To advance as to an office to exalt.
3. To incline more toward to choose.

Pertaining to
prelates or prelacy.
An advocate for

a.

lecture read in public or to a select

vious warning, notice, or inform*

tion.
[ous warning.
PRE-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving previ-

PRE'IVIU-NI'TION (-nish'un),

prelacy.

PRE-LE'TIOX, n. [La.t.prselectio,fr.
prse, before, and legere, to read.]
A

Pre-lat'I,
\
PRE-LAT'ie-AL, )
Prel'a-tist, n.

PREFOSSESS

331

ent of a department of the kingdom.

[France.]
Pre-fer', d. t. [-RED -ring.] [Lat.

See

prsemunitio,

[Lat.

n.

prsemunire, to fortianticipation of ob-

fr.

fy in front.]
jections.

An

Pre-no'men, n. See Prenomex.

company.
Pre-6c'U-pan-cy, 7i. Act or right
n. A lecturer.
PrEf'ER-a-ble, a.
\Torthy to
PRE LI-ba'TIOX, n. [Lat. prselibatio,
of taking possession before another.
preferred more desirable.
prselihare, to taste beforehand.] Pre-o^cu-pa/TION, 7i.
Prior occufrom
Pref'er-a-bly, adv. In preference.
pation.
A tasting beforehand foretaste.
Pref'er-exce. n. 1. Act of preferSy>".

Choose.

be Pre-lec'tor,

ring predilection; choice. 2. State

3. That which
of being preferred.
:

is

preferred.

Pre-fer'ment.
::v

Advancement

it.

in

or office; promotion.

Pre~FIG D-RATION,

Antecedent

n.

representation by similitude.
Pre-fIg'U-RA-ti YE a.
Showing by
.

previous figures, types, or similitudes.

PRE-FiG'URE. O.t. ~-ED -IXG.] To

show bv tvpes and simili trades.
j

>ed: -ing.] [Lat.

v. t.
prsefigere, -Jixum ; prse, before, and
To put at the beginfigere, to fix.]

Pre-fLx',

ning of another thing.

Pre-l.Lvi'1-na-ry, a.

[Lat. prse, be-

PRE-0'TT-PY,

v.

[-ED -ING, 142.]

t.

and liminaris, belonging to a

To take possession of before another.
threshold.] Preceding the main dis- Pre'OR-DAIN', v.t.
To appoint be-

fore,

forehand

course or business.

Stx. Introductory
previous; precedent.

preparatory

to predetermine.
n.
Act of foreordaining; previous determination.
;

Pre-or'di-na'tion,
;

Something previous or prepar- PrEpa-ra'tion,

Pre'lude, orPREL'UDE,
prselud i urn ;
Indus, play.]

fr.

n. [L.Lat.
lat. jrce, before, and
introductory per-

An

formance esp. a musical strain,

troducing the chief subject.
;

Stx.

Preface;

in-

Prepare.]

2.

Pre-par'a-tive,
pare or
n.

introduction.

n. [See

A making or

being prepared or reaPreparatory act or measure. 3.

dy.
That which is prepared for a particular purpose.
1.

tory._

is

Tending to pre-

a.

make ready

preparatory.

That which prepares, or which

done to prepare preparation.
;

Pre-par'a-to-ry, a. Preparing the

[-ED; -ING.]
1.
Pre'fix. n. A letter, syllable, or PRE-LUDE', V. t.
way by previous measures of adapTo introduce with a previous perword combined with a word at its
formance.
2. To precede.
i.
tation
v.
beginning.
Pre-pare', v. t. [-ed -ixg.] [Lat.
To serve as an introduction.
Preg'NaN-cy.n. 1. Condition of bePre-lu'sive,
)a.
Previous;
prseparare
introfrom prse, before, and paing pregnant.
2. Quality of being
ductory.
rare, to make ready.]
1. To fit; to
heavy with important contents, sig- Pre-lu'so-ry. j
Pre'ma-ture'
a.
[Lat. prsemake
ready.
v. i.
2. To provide.
(53),
nificance, or the like fertility. .
maturtts; prse, before, and matu1. To make all things ready.
2. To
Preg'naxt, a. [Lat. prsegn'ans, for
ripe.]
1. Kipe too soon.
make
one"s
ready.
nu,
2.
self
prsegenans, from prse, before, and geHappening before the proper time. Pre-pay', v. t. [-paid; -paying.] To
nere, to beget.] 1. Being with young.
pay in advance.
[vance.
3. Received without due authentica2. Heavy with important contents.
PRE-PAY'MENT, n. Payment in adtion or evidence.
Preg'xaxt-ly, adv. In a pregnant
1. Too soon;
Pre'ma-ture'ly,
adv.
Pre-pEnse',
[Lat. prse, before, and
a.
manner.
pendere, pension, to weigh, considtoo early. 2. Without due evidence
Pee-HEX'SI-BLE a. [Lat. pr e he nd ere,
.

-hensum, to take,
of being seized.

Pre-hex'slle,

seize.]

Admitting

Adapted

a.

to seize

or grasp.

er.]
Premeditated; aforethought.
Quality of Pre-pol'lence, )n. Superiority of
being prema- Pre-pol'len-cy, j
power.
ture
ripeness before the natural PRE-POL'LENT, a.
[Lat, prsepollens,
surpassing in power.] Having supetime.
PRE-MED'I-TATE,f. t. Or
[-ED;
rior influence or power.
-IXG.] To consider in the mind be- Pre-pon'der-axce, n. Superiority
forehand.
of weight, influence, or power, [ing.
Pre-MED i-ta'tiox, r. 1. Act of Pre-pox'der-axt, a. Preponderatmeditating beforehand. 2. Previous Pre-pon'der-ate, v. t.
[-ED
design formed.
-IXG.] [Lat. prseponderare -ratum
PRE'ill-ER, or PREM'lER (prem'yer),
from prse, before, and ponderare. to
[Fr., from Lat. primarius, of the
n.
weigh.] 1. To outweigh. 2. To overprimus, the first.]
first rank
The
power by stronger influence.
v. i.
prime minister.
2. To ex1. To exceed in weight.
Pre'mi-er-ship (or premier), n.
ceed in influence hence, to incline
Officeof the first minister of state.
to one side.
Pre-mise', . t. [-ED;-IXG.] [Lat. Pre-pox'DER-a'tion, n. Actorstate
prsemittere, -missum, to send before.]
of preponderating.
To set forth as introductory to the Prep'O-si'tiox (-zish'un), n. [Lat.

or authentication.

Pre MA-ture'ness,
Pre ma-ttj'ri-TY,

n.

Pre-hex'siox",
the hand.

PRE-JLDGE'.

u.

seizing, as

with

?'.

[-ED; -IXG.] To
judge before hearing
to condemn
beforehand.
[iug.
Pre-jCdg'.mext, 7i. Act of prejudgPRE-JU'DI-ATE, B. t. [-ED -IXG^]
f.

[Lat. prse judi care, -catum.] To determine beforehand to prejudge.

:

Pre-jC di-ca'tiox,

h.
Act of judging without due examination.

Prej'u-dice,
prse, before,

[Lat.

n.

prsjudkium

tindjudicium, judgment.]
;

Prejudgment unreasonable predilection for or against, esp. an unfavorable predilection. 2. Mischief:

damage iojury.
-ijng.]
i\ t. [-ED
1.

prsepositio ; prseponere, -sititm to put

main subject to lay down premises.
before, but influenced by pausare, to
To prepossess with unexamined Prem'Ise, n. ; pi. PREM'IS-E.$. I.
antecedently
admitted
pause.]
A particle governing, and
A
proposition
opinions. 2. To injure by prejudices
generally placed before, a substantive
or proved, from which the inference
to damage to im
is drawn.
2. pi. Land
pronoun,
of which it expresses
conclusion
or
or
Prj u-di'cial (-disb/al), a. Tendhence,
the relation to some other word.
or thing granted by deed
ing to obstruct or impair.
applied to a building and its adjuncts. Prep'o-sT'tion-al (-zish'un-al), a.
;

1.

Stx.

Injurious; hurtful: mischievous.

Prel'a-c\- fUO), n. 1. Office of a

prelate: government by prelates. 2.
Prelates collectively.
Peel'ate. n. [L. Lat. prsela tux, fr.
prseferre, to prefer.]
dignitary of

the church.

or, do,

wolf,

to"o,

iOOS;

fJRN,

[Lat. prse mi urn, orig.

what one has before {prse) or better
than others.]
a
1. A rwompense
prize.
2. A sum in advance o f the
capital, or sum lent.
3. Money paid
to underwriters for insurance.
Pre'mo-ni'tion (-nish'un), n. Pre-

PRE'MT-ttai, n.

rue, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

c, &,soft

Pertaining to prepositions.

Pre-pos'i-tTve, a. Prefixed.
n. A
word put before another.
Pre'pos-sess' (-pos-seV or -poz-zes'),
[-ed: -ixg.] 1. To take prev. t.
vious possession of. 2. To pre-occu*
py, as the

, g, hard;

mind or heart

Exist

as

to bias.

xg

THrs

PREPOSSESSING

1.
Prior posses2. Preoccupation of the mind
preconceived opinion.

-poz-zesh'un), n.
sion.

Pre-pos'ter-oDs,

terus ; prx, before, and posterns,

eoming after.] 1. Having that first
which ought to be last. 2. Contrary
to nature or reason.
i?RE-REQ'ui-s/iTE (-rek'wT-), a.

Pren.
viously required or necessary.
Something previously required.
Pre-rog'A-tive, n. [Lat. prserogativa, fr. prxrogare, to ask before another.]
An exclusive or peculiar

privilege.

Syn. See Privilege.

PRE-SAGE',

now

Now

2.

like.

existing.
3.
Being
under consideration.
instant.

in view, or

Immediate

4.

Syn.

At hand; on hand. We speak

of a person being at hand, i. e., near by,

and thus virtually present, we speak,
also, of a merchant's having goods on
Some persons confound the two,
and speak of being " on hand," at a

hand.

given time or place, meaning present.

This confusion of things so entirely dissimilar " smells of the shop."

n.

Present time.
Syn. See Donation.
PRE-SENT', V. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1.
To give a formal introduction to. 2.
To exhibit to view to offer. 3. To
make a gift of; to give to grant. 4.
To indict. [Amer.]
n. That which
;

[-ED; -ING.]. [Lat.

v. t.
prse, before, and sagire,

pnzsagire ;

before one, in sight or at hand, p. p.

of prseesse, to be before.] 1. Being
at hand, within reach or call, or the

[Lat. preevos-

a.

PRESUPPOSE

332

Pre'pos-sess'ing (-pos-seV- or -pozzes'-), a.

Tending to invite favor.
Pre'pos-ses'sion (-pos-sesh'un or

is

presented.

To have a Pre-2Ent'A-ble.

to perceive acutely.] 1.
presentiment of; to forebode.

To

2.

foretell.

Syn. To foreshow, predict; prophesy.

Pre'sage,

or

Pres'age,w.

Some-

thing foreshowing a future event.

Pres'by-TER,

n.

[Lat.,

an

Gr. npeo-fivTepos, compar.

1. {Anc. Church.)

elder, fr.
of npeo--

An elder

/Svs, old.]

having authority to instruct in the

church. 2. Church of'Eng.) A priest.
(

Pres/by-TE'RI-an, a. 1. Pertaining
to ecclesiastical government by presbyters.

n.

Consisting of presbyters.

2.

One who maintains the validand government by

ity of ordination

presbyters.

Pres/by-te'RI-AN-^sm, 7i. That form

of church government which invests
presbyters with

all spiritual

power.

a.
Capable or admitting of being presented.

PrEs/en-TA'TION, n.
senting an offering
;

Exhibition

Presbyterian Church.) A judicatory

consisting of oil the pastors of churches within a certain district, and one
ruling elder, a layman, from each
parish or church.

Pre'SCI-en<;e (pre'shT-enss),
knowledge of events.

PRE'SCI-ENT

(prG'sln-ent),

n.

o.

Fore[Lat.

foreknowing.]
Having
knowledge of events before they take

prsesciens,

place.

pRE-SGRIBE',t\

t.

[-ED

-ING.] [Lat.

priescribere; prse, before, and scribere, to write.]

1. To lay down authoritatively for direction. 2. To direct as a remedy to be used by or for
v. i. 1. To give law. 2. To
a patient.
give medical directions. 3. To claim
on the ground of immemorial use.

Pre-Srjp'tjon,
scribing, or that

Claim of
morial use.

2.

title

ii.
1.
Act of prewhich is prescribed.
by virtue of imme-

Pre-script'ive,

a. Consisting in, or
acquired by, prescription.

Pres'ence,

w.
[See Present.] 1.
State of being present. 2. Region in
which one is present nearness. 3.
Neighborhood to one of superior rank.
4. Mien
personal appearance.
PRESENT, a. [Lat. preesens, being
:

A, E,

I,

O,

ft,

Y,long; AjKj'i,

Ojtjf,

Act of pre-

bestowal.
representation.

Pre-sENT'i-ment,

2.

n.

Previous

1.

conception, sentiment, or opinion.

2. Anticipation of evil.
Pres/ent-ly, adv. At once soon be;

fore long.

PRE-ENT'31ENT,

n. 1. Presentation.

Delineation
representation. 3.
Notice taken by a grand jury of any
offense from their own knowledge or
observation.
Pres'er-va'tion, n. Act of preserving, or state of being preserved.
Having the
PRE-SERV'A-TIVE, a.
power or quality of preserving.
n.
That which preserves, or has the
power of preserving.
2.

[Lat. prsesidia-

a.

lis, and prsesidi a.

Preside.] Pertaining to

See

rius.

a garrison.
Pre-sig'ni-fy,

v. t. [-ED -ING, 142.]

[Lat. prsesignificare fr. prx, before,
signiftcare, to signify.]
To sig;

and

nify beforehand.

PRESS,

[-ED

v.t.

-ING.] [L&t. pres-

1. To squeeze; to crush.
2.
To embrace closely. 3 To urge to
force
to compel.
4. To drive with
violence.
5. To force into service,

sure.)

particularly into naval service.

v.
i. To use or exert pressure.
n.
1.
An instrument for pressing or squeezing or the place containing a press.
machine for printing. 3. Busi2.
ness of printing and publishing. 4.
Collective publications issued from
the press. 5. A closet for clothes,
&c. 6. Act of pressing forward. 7.

Urgency.

8.

Press'-gXng,

multitude

n.

a throng.

A detachment of sea-

men to impress men into the navy.

Press'-MAN (150), n. One who manages, or attends tc, a printing-press.
(presh'jjr), n.
1. Act of
pressing, or the condition of being
pressed. 2. A constraining force. 3-

Press'ure

Severe affliction, difficulties, embarrassments, or the distress they occasion.

4.

Urgency.

Pres'ti-dTg'i-ta'tor, n. [Lnt.praesto, quickly, and digitus, fiDger.] One

skilled in legerdemain.
n.
[Lat. pr test igium.] 1.
Illusion.
2. Influence coming from

PRES'TlGE,

past success, character, or deeds.

[It.
& Sp., quick,
quickly, from Lat. prsestus, ready.]

PRES'TO, adv.
Quickly

suddenly.

[presumed.

Pre-sum'a-BEE, a. Such as maybe

Having power Pre-sum'a-bly, adv. By, or accord
or tendency to preserve.
n.
That
ing to, presumption.
which preserves a preservative.
Pre-sume', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
PRE-SERVE' (14), V, t. [-ED -ING.]
pr.Tsumere ; prse, before, and sumere,
[Lat. preeservare ; prx, before, and
to take.]
To take or suppose to be
servare, to save.]
1. To save from
true, without examination or proof;
injury or destruction. 2. To save from
to take for granted.
v.t. 1. To
decay by the use of sugar or salt, &c.
suppose or assume something to be,
3. To maintain throughout.
or to be true. 2. To take liberties.
Syn. See Keep.
PRE-sfJM/ER,. One who presumes.
Pre-sump'tion (84), n. [Lat. prsen.
1. Fruit, or the like, kept by
sumptio. See Presume.] 1. Act
suitable preparation. 2. A place for
of taking for granted. 2. Ground
the preservation of game or fish, &c.
for presuming.
3. A thing believed
Pre-srv'er, n. One who preserves.
true on satisfactory evidence. 4.
Pre-side', v. i. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
Over-confident or arrogant opinion
prassidere ; prse, before, and sedere,
or conduct.
[probable evidence.
to sit.] 1. To occupy the place of
ruler, or of director, &c. 2. To ex- Pre-sDmp'tTve, a.
Grounded on
PRE-sUMPT'u-oOsf-ziimpt^ i;-,84l,a.
ercise superintendence.
1. Full of presumption.
2. ProceedPRES'I-DEN-CY, r\. 1. Superintend-

Prej'by-ter-y, n. [See PresbyPre-serv'a-to-ry,

ter.]
1. A
body of elders.
2.
(

1.

PRE-sfD'I-AL,
Pre-id'i-a-ry,

a.

2. Office, or term of office, of

ence.
president. 3. Jurisdiction of a president.
Pres'1-dent, n.
[Lat. prsesidens.
See Preside.] A presiding officer;
as, (a.) The chief officer of a corporation, society, college, &c. (b.) The
chief executive of certain republics.
PrEs'i-den'tial, a. Pertaining to
a president.

Pres'i-dent-ship. n
of

t, Short;

office,

Office,

of a president.

or term

ing from excess of confidence.

3.
Done with rash confidence, or in vi*olation of known duty.
PRE-sfjMPT'U-OUS-LY, adv.
With
presumption.

PRE-sttMPT'u-ofjs-NESS,
confidence

n.

Rash

irreverent boldness.
n.
Supposal pre-

Pre'sup-pos'al,
viously formed.

PRE'SUP-POSE', v. t. I-ED; -ING.]

To suppose as previous to imply as
;

antecedent

to take for granted.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, THI,I; PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

;;

PRESUPPOSITION
n.

Pre-tence', n. See Pretense.

Pre-tend', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
;

prxtendere, prietentum,

fr. prie, beand tendere, to stretch.] 1. To

plot; to intend. [Obs.] 2. To simu3. To hold out falsely ; to
late.
To lay claim.
feign.
v. i.
Pre-tend'er, n. One who pretends.
Pre-TENSE', n. [L. Lat. pr&Lensus,

fore,

Pre-tence',

See

Pretend.]

1.

2. That which is preSimulation.

tended. 3. Act of laying claim as;

sumption.
Syx. Pretext.

A pretense

some-

ypocrisy.

Act of pretending or laying claim. 2. Claim laid.

n.

Pre-ten'TIOUS,

1.

Full of preten-

a.

slight or diminutive beauty.

3.
fectedly nice; foppish.

sion.

Not ab-

a.

solutely or distinctly past.

PRET'ER-IT, orPRE'TER-IT,a.
prseteritus,

applied

Mean;

[Lat.

gone or passed by.] Past

to the tense in grammar

which expresses an action or being

perfectly past (called also the perfect

Too valuable to adIn some de- Price'less, a.

mit of being prized.
Syn. Invaluable; inestimable.
Pre-vaii/, v. i. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
prxvalere ; prx, before, and valere, to Prick, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [See the .]
be strong, or worth.] 1. To gain the
1. To pierce with any thing sharpvictory or superiority. 2. To have
pointed. 2. To mark by a puncture.
effect or influence.
3. To persuade.
3. To form or make by pricking.
4.
Pre-vail'ing,/>. a. 1. Haying more
To spur to incite. 5. To affect with
sharp pain. 6. To erect, as something
influence, power, or efficacy. 2. Most
;

general in reception or extension.

Syn.
Prevalent.
PREV'A-LENCE.n. Quality of being
prevalent superior strength, influence, or efficacy.

Prev'a-lent, a.
See Prevail.]

[Lat. prsevalens.

Gaining advan-

1.

2. Most generally received.

Extensively existing.

tage.

3.

Pre-var'i-cate,

v.i.
[Lat. preevaricari, -catus, to walk
To evade telling the

crookedly.]
truth.

Syn. To evade equivocate. One

who evades a question ostensibly answers
;

but really turns aside to some other

He who equivocates uses words

which have a double meaning, so that in
one sense he can claim to have said the
truth, though he does in fact deceive,
and intends to do it. He who prevaricates talks all round the question, hoping to " dodge " it, and disclose nothing.
PRE-vXR/l-eA'TlON, n. Act of shuffling or quibbling to evade the truth.
point.

Act of going past

1.

2. (Rket.) A
state of being past.
figure by which, in pretending to
pass over any thing, a summary

mention of

it is

PRE/TER-MIT',

made.
t.
[-TED

V.

[Lat. prxtermittere ; prsster,

by, and mittere, to send.]
by to omit.

-TING.]
beyond,

pointed, esp. the ears.

v. i.
1. To
be pricked to feel as if pricked. 2.
To spur onward. 3. To deck one's
[A.-S. prica, pricca.]
self out.
n.
1. That which pricks
a pointed instrument. 2. Sharp, stinging pain.
;

3.

puncture.

Prick'ing,

1. Act of piercing. 2.
of sharp pain.
[Dim. of prick.]
A
little prick
a small, sharp-pointed
projection.
PrIck'li-ness, n.
State of beinf
prickly.
[prickles.
Prick'l y, a. Full of sharp points or
PRIDE, n. [A.-S. pryta, pryt.] 1
State or quality of being proud inordinate self-esteem. 2. Noble selfesteem. 3. Arrogance of demeanor.
4. That of which one is proud ; that
which excites boasting.
Pride is an over-valSyn.
Vanity.
uing of one's self for some real or imagined superiority. Vanity is the love of
being admired (not merely approved), so
that he who is vain has a secret feeling of
pleasure at being praised for excellence
which he is perfectly conscious of not

See infra.] 1. Going before preceding.

2. Preventive.
Pre-vent', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
;

preevenire, -ventum ; prm, before, and

venire, to come.] 1. To get the start
of. [Obs.] 2. To intercept and stop.

impede thwart.
Syn. To hinder
To pass Pre-vent'a-ble, a. Capable of be;

n.

A sensation

[-ed;-ing.] Prick'ee.

Pret'er-ite, or Pre'ter-ite, a. Pre-var'i-A'tor, n. One who preSame as PRETERIT.

varicates
a quibbler.
Pre'ter-i'tion (-lsh'un), n. [Lat. Pre-ven'i-ent, a. [Lat. prseveniens.
prseteritio.]

vailing prices, of merchandise, stocks,

bills of exchange, &c.

contemptible.
adv.
gree ;_ tolerably.

it,

Pre'ter-im-pEr'fect,

2. Af-

is

thing held out us real when it is not so,

thus falsifying the truth a pretext is
something woven vp in order to c;ver or
conceal one's true motives, feelings, or
ends of action. The piety of the Pharisees was all a pretense, and their long
Erayers were a pretext to conceal their

Pre-ten'sion,

PRIMARY

333

Pre-siip'po-si'tion (-zlsh'un),
Act of presupposing.

n.
;

possessing.

v.

To indulge

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

in pride
used reflexively.
Priest, n.
[A.-S. preost, from Lat.
presbyter. See Presbyter.] 1. One
who officiates at the altar.
2.
presbyter or elder a minister. 3.
One who belongs to an order between
;

bishop and deacon.

ing prevented.
Pre'ter-nat'u-ral, a. Beyond or Pre-ven'tion, n. Act of prevent- Priest'craft, n. Fraud or imposidifferent from what is natural.
tion in religious concerns.
ing hindrance obstruction.
Pre'ter-nat'u-ral-ly, adv. In a Pre-vent'ive, a. Tending to pre- Priest'ess, n. A female priest.
preternatural manner, or to a pre1. Office or charvent hindering the access of.
n. Priest'hood, n.
ternatural degree.
acter of a priest. 2. Order of priests.
That which prevents an antidote
Pre'ter-per'fect, a. Expressing
Priest'ly, a. Pertaining to, or bepreviously taken.
;

action or being absolutely past

_

per-

fect.

Pre'ter-plxj'per-fect,

a.

Pre'vi-oOs,

[Lat. prxvius, going

a.
prx, before, and via, the
Being or happening before
something else.
Syn. Antecedent; preceding; ante-

before

[Lat.

way.]

prxter, beyond, plus, more, andperperfect.]

Expressing action
or being past at or before another
past event or time pluperfect.
Pre-text', or Pre'text (114), n.
[Lat. prsetextum preetexere, to weave
before.] Ostensible reason or motive.
Syn. See Pretense.

PRE'Vl-ofrs-LY, adv. In time preced-

PRE'TOR,

Pr^y,

fectus,

n. [Lat. prxtor, for prse.it or,

civil offito go before.]

fr. prseire,

cer

among

the ancient Romans.

Pertaining to a
) a.
or judge
pretor
)

Pre-to'ri-al,
Pre-to'ri-an,

[ty

judicial.

manner.

Pret'ti-ey (prit/tl-), adv. In a pretPret'ti-ness ^prlt'tl-), n. Quality

of being pretty

Pret'TY

diminutive beauty.
[-ER; -EST.]

(prlt'ty), a.

[A.-S. prattig, prdtig.]

1.

Having

coming, priests

sacerdotal.

Priest'-rid'dsn, a. Managed or
governed by priests.
Prig, n. 1. A pert, conceited, saucy,
pragmatical fellow.

2.

thief.

PrIg'gish, a. Affected conceited.

Prim, a. [From Lat. primus, first.]
Formal; precise.
antecedently.
[-MED
v. t.
ing;
-MING.] To deck with great nicety.
Pre-vis'ION (-vizh'un), n. [Lat. proPRI'MA-CY,
vider e, prxvisus, to foresee.]
n.
[L.
Lat.
primatia,
Forefr.
rior; prior;

former.

sight

Lat.

foreknowledge.

n. [Norm. Fr. preye, Lat. prxda.] Any thing taken by force, esv. i. [-ED -ING.]
pecially in war.
To collect spoil to take food by violence.

primas,

primatis,

principal,

chief.] Condition of being a primate

office or dignity of an archbishop.

PR'i'MA-OdN'NA,
lady.]

The

first

opera.

n.
[It., the first;
female singer in an

[the freight.

[Lat. pretium.] 1. Amount Pri'MAGe, . A charge in addition to

n.
money at which a thing is valued. PRI'MAL, a. [L. Lat. primalis, from
estimation.
3. Reward
primus, the first.] First.
2. Value
v. t.
[-ED
-ING.] Pri'm a-ri-ly, adv In the first place
recompense.
originally.
To set a price on.

PRICE,
of

Price-current, a statement of the pre-

6r,do, wqlf,too, XOORj t)RN, RUE.PULL; e,

I,

o, silent

Pri'MA-RY,

a.

[Lat. primarius,

from

c,G,sq/*; ,Q,hard; Ag; Exist-, jjosNfi; this-

PRIMATE
primus, the

1.

importance.
re. That which stands
highest in rank or importance.
Pri'MATE, re. [Lat. primas, primalis,
Chief ecclesiastic
fr. primus, first.]
in a national church.
Prime, a. [Lat. primus, first.] 1.
2. First in rank, degree,
Primary.
dignity, importance, excellence.

Syn.

n.

Original; principal; excellent.

1. Beginning, as of the day,

2.
spring.
the year, &c. dawn
Youth; full of health, strength, or
beauty. 3. Best portion.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] 1. To charge with the powder,
percussion cap, or other device for
;

PRO AND CON

334

First in order
2. Preparatory to someof time.
thing higher. 3. First in dignity or
first.]

a prince. 2. Resembling or becoming to a prince.

Princess, re 1. A female prince. 2.
Daughter of a king. 3. Consort of
a prince.
Prin'ci-pal, a. [See Prince.] Highest in rank, authority, character, or
most considerable
importance
re.
1. A chief or head
one
chief.
lead.
the
2. A thing of
who takes
3.
A capital
prime consequence.
sum of money, placed at interest.

Prin'CI-PAL'i-TY, re.
ty
supreme power.
;

1.

Sovereign-

2.

prince.

v.

debtors and criminals.

[ed; -ING.] To shut up

of

prison

in a

to confine.
Pris'on-er (prlz'n-er), re. One under arrest ; a captive.
Pris'on-house, n. A jail.
PRIS'TlNE, a. [Lat. pristinus.] Belonging to the earliest time.
;

PrIt'ee. A corruption

of pray thee.

PRI'VA-CY,

re.
[From private.] 1.
state of retirement.
2. A place of
seclusion retreat. 3. Concealment;
secresy.
P.3.!'VATE, a. [Lat. privatus, prop, be;

Territory of a prince.

reaved, deprived.] 1. Concerning an

PRfN'cl-PAL-LY, adv In a princiindividual peculiar to one's self. 2.
mainly.
pal manner chiefly
Sequestered from company or observation
PRIN-fiP'I-A, re. pi. [See PRINCInot public. 3. Not pubPLE.]
First
principles
elements.
licly
known not open.
re. A comcommunicating fire to the charge. 2.
mon soldier.
To lay the first color in painting on. PRlN'ci-PLE, re. [Lat. principium, fr.
1. A source
princeps.
PRINCE.]
Pri'va-teer',
See
re.
An
armed
private
prima
PRlM'ER, re. [Contr. fr. L. Lat.
vessel commissioned to cruise against
or origin. 2. An original faculty.
liber, i. e., the book read at prime.]
truth
elementary
the
3.
A
fundamental
commerce
a
public
enemy.
of
1. An elementary book for teaching
v.i.
proposition. 4. Aright and settled
[-ed; -ING.] To cruise in a
children to read. 2. A kind of type,
privateer.
rule of conduct.
v. t. [-ED -ING.]
of which there are two species
To establish or fix in tenets.
Pri'vate-ly, adv. In private not
PrInk, v.i. or t. [-ed; -ing.] [Allied
openly or publicly.
Long-primer
to prank.]
1. To dress for show. 2.
Pri-va'tion, n. 1. Act of depriving.
and
To put on stately airs.
2. State of being deprived. 3. Want
PrInt, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Abbrev.
absence.
to im- PrIv'a-tIve (110), a.
fr. imprint.]
1. To impress
Causing or inprint.
2. To stamp.
3. To strike
dicating privation.
re.
A prefix or
off an impression of, by means of a
suffix to a word which gives it a con[Lat. primxvus ;
PrT-ME'VAL, a.
press.
4. To mark by pressure.
trary sense.
Beprimus, first, and SBvum, age]
v.i. 1. To practice the art of ty- PrIv'ET, re. [Scot, privity Prov. Eng.
longing to the first ages pristine.
pography. 2. To publish a book.
primwort. Cf. Prim.] An ornamentPrim'ing, re. 1. Powder used to comre.
1. A mark made by pressure.
al shrub, much used in hedges.
municate fire to the charge in a fire2. Impressions of types in general.
PRIV'I-LEGE, re. [J .at. privilegium,
arm. 2. First color laid in painting.
3. That which is produced by printfr. privus, private, and lex, law.]
[Lat. primitivus
A
PrIm'I-tIve, a.
ing, as an engraving or a newspaper.
peculiar benefit or advantage aright
primus, the first.] 1. Pertaining to
or immunity not enjoyed by others.
the beginning, or to early times. 2. Print'er, re. One who prints books,
newspapers, &c.
Formal prim. 3. Original primaSyn. Prerogative. It is the privilege
re.
A word not derived from Print'ing, re. Act, art, or practice
ry.
of a Christian child to be instructed iH

3.

Great-primer.

of impressing letters, figures, &c.

another.

PrIm'i-tIve-ly, adv.

Originally

primarily.

[primitive.

Ink used

in print[printing.
ing books, &c.
press for
Print'ing-press, re.
PRl'OR, a. [Lat. prior, former, previous, better.] Preceding in the orSuperior of a prider of time.
re.
[convent of nuns.
ory,
re.

PrIm'i-tive-ness, n. State of being

A
Prim'ly, adv. In a prim or precise
[niceness.
manner.
Prim'ness, re. Affected formality or
Pri'MO-GE'NI-AL, a. [Lat. primigenius ; primus, first, and genere, to
beget.] First born, made, or gene- PrI'or-ESS, re. A female superior of a
Pri-6r'i-ty, n. State of preceding
rated.
something else.
Pri'MO-GEN'I-TOR, n. [Lat. primus,
The first Pri'or-y, re. A religious house which
first, and genitor, father.]
was in dignity below an abbey.
father or forefather.
Syn. See Convent.
PRI'MO-GEN'I-TURE (53), re. 1. Se[Gr. npiv^a, from
niority by birth among children. 2. PrIm, re.

Exclusive right of inheritance of the

eldest son or daughter.
Pri-mor'di-al, a. [Lat. primordialis ; primus, first, and ordiri, to begin.]
First in order original.
;

PrIm'r6e,

[Lat. prima rosa, i. e.,

the first rose.] An early flowering
plant closely allied to the cowslip.
PRINCE, re. [Lat. princeps, principis,
re.

chief ruler sovereign

a monarch. 2. Son of a king or emperor.
3. A person of rank next to
the sovereign.
Prince'd6m, re. Sovereignty, rank,
or estate, of a prince.
PrInce'ly, a. 1. Of, or relating to,
chief.]

A, E,

1.

l,-fi,tJ,

the true religion. It

of a parent to govern
spring.

typography.

Print'ing-Ink,

npL&iv, to saw.] 1. A solid

whose bases are any similar,
equal, and parallel plane fig-

and whose sides are par2. A transpaallelograms.

rent body, with, usually, three
rectangular sides.
Pris-MAT'ic,
\a. 1. Like
Prism.
Pris-mAt'IC-AL,, (
or related
to^ a prism.
2. Formed by a prism.
Pris/MOID, w. [Gr. npiaixa, prism,
and etfios, form.] A body somewhat
ures,

like a prism'.
(prlz'n),

PRIS/ON

re.

[Fr.,

from Lat.

prehensio, prensio, a seizing, arresting.] A building for the confinement

y^long; A, E,S, 6,0, , short; CARE, FAR, ASK, all,

v.t.

is

the prerogative

and

direct his

off.

-ING.] To grant some

particular right or exemption to.
PrIv'1-leg.ed, p. a. Invested with

[-ED

a privilege.
PrIv'i-ly, adv. Privately; secretly.
PRIV'I-TY, re. [From privy.] 1. Prk
vate knowledge
joint knowledge
with another of a private concern.
2. A private matter
a secret.
PrIv'Y, a. [Fr. prive, fr. Lat. priva;

See Private.] 1. Private. 2.

Secret
clandestine.
3.
Secretly
cognizant.
n.
1. A partaker.
2.
A necessary house.
tus.

PRIZE,

re.

[Fr. prise, fr. pris, p. p. of

to take.]
1. Something

prendre,
taken from another a thing seized
by force, stratagem, or superior power esp., a captured vessel, or something won in a lottery. 2. Any thing
worth striving for. 3. A lever, or
the hold of a lever.
v.t.
[-ED;
-ING.] 1. To estimate the value o
2. To value highly.
3. [See PRY.}
To raise with a lever to pry.
;

Prize'-fight'er v-fit'er), re. One

who fights publicly for a reward.
Pro A NO Con. [Lat. pro and contra.]

what; ERE,

For and against.

VEIL,

TERM; PIQUE, FIRM;

s6n,

PROEM

335

i^ROBABILIST

Prob'A-BIL-Ist, n. One of those who PRO-CEED'INR, . Progress or move- PROC'U-RA-CY, n. Office or act of a
proctor vicarious management.
ment from one thing to another
maintain that probability alone is to
PROy'ESS (pros'es), . [Lat. proces- PROC'U-RA'TION", n. [Lat. procuratio.
govern our faith and actions.
1. Act of procurSee Procure.]
advance. 2. Sesus.]
I. Progress
Prob'a-bil'i-ty, n. 1. Quality of
ing.
2. Management of another'a
ries of actions, motions, or occurbeing probable. 2. Something probaffairs.
rences. 3. (Anut.) A projecting part
able. 3. Ratio of the whole number
One who manof any surface. 4. Whole course of Proc'U-RA'TOR, n.
of chances to the number of favora;

ble chances.
[Lat. probabilis, fr.
a.
probare, to try, approve.] 1. Likely
to be or to be true. 2. Giving ground

Prgb'a-BLE,
for belief.
:

n. [Lat. probation] Any

proceeding to ascertain truth, deter-

PRO-BA'TION.

niinecharacter, &c.

trial.

Pro-ba'tion-al,
Pro-ba'tion-a-ry, J
Pro-ba'tion-er, n.
)

Serving for

a.

trial.

One who

is

undergoing probation.

Pr5'BA-tive,
Pr6'BA-TO-RY,
tionary.
n.

a.

Serving for trial

or proof; proba-

An

instrument for examining a wound, ulcer,

v. i. [-ED; -ing.1 [Lat. pro1. To exambare, to try, examine.]
ine by means of a probe. 2. To ex[See infra.]

&c

amine thoroughly into.

PROB'I-TY, n. [Lat. probitas, from
probus, good, honest] Tried virtue
or integrity.
Probity means,
Integrity.
Syn.
etymolosically, virtue which has been
Hence, it
tried and proved genuine.
denotes unimpeachable honesty and virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations called imperfect, which the laws of the state do not
reach, and can not enforce. Integrity
denotes a ichole-hearted. honesty, and
especially that which excludes all injustice that might favor one's self. It has a

peculiar reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfers of property, and

the execution of trusts for others.

PROB'LEM,

Pro-cure',

Prob'a-bly, adv. In a probable

manner with likelihood.
Pro'BATE, n. [Lat. probatus, proved.]
Proof that an instrument purporting to be a last will and testament is
Belonging
a.
truly a lawful act.
to a probate or court of probate.

PROBE,

ages another's affairs.

v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
procurare, from pro. for, and cwra,
care.]
1. To acquire or provide for
one's self or for another. 2. To con-

proceedings in a legal cause.

[Lat.
(-sesh'un), n.
1. Act of proceeding. 2.
processio.]
train of individuals advancing in
order a retinue.
Pro-CES'sion-al (-sesh'un-), a. Con-

Pro-ces'SION

n.

from

[Gr. 7rpo/3Arj^a,

trive

See Announce.

Proc'la-ma'tion,

n.

2.

hill.]

tenden-

1. Inclination ; propensity ;
2. Readiness
facility.

consul.]

[Lat. pro, for,

n.

A Roman

officer;

a gov-

a.

Syn. To postpone;

defer; delay) re-

tard; protract.
i.

off to

a futuretime

Pro-crXs'ti-na'tor,

delay.
n.
One

V.

t.

[Lat. procreare, -atum

and create, to create.]
generate.^
Pro'cre-a'tion, n.

[-ED
;

-ING.]

pro, forward,
To beget to
;

to throw or lay before.]

question proposed for solution
Act of begetting generation
hence, a matter difficult of solution
PRO'RE-A'TlVE,a. Having the powor settlement.
Prob'lem-Xt'ic,
la. Having the
er to beget.
Prob'LEM-Xt'IC-al, ) nature of a Pro'cre-a'tor, n. One who begets
problem uncertain disputable.
a generator.
Pro-bos' pis, n. ; pi. pro-bos'pi- Pro-crus'te-an, a. Pertaining to,
DE.. [Gr. Trpo/3oaxis, fr. 7rpo, bea>t resembling Procrustes, a fabulous
A holhighwayman, who tied his victims
fore, and 6o-/ceiv, to feed.]
low tube projecting from the head of
on an iron bed, and, as the case revarious animals a trunk.
quired, either stretched out or cut off

npopiWetv,

spendthrift.
n.
Extravagance
in expenditure profusion.

Prod'1-gal-ly, adv. Extravagantly.

Pro-dig'ioOs (-dtj'us), a. [Lat. prcdigiosus.]
1. Of the nature of a
prodigy. 2. Enormous in size, quantity,

or extent, &c.

Pro-dig'ious-ly (-dij'us-), adv. 1.

Enormously wonderfully. 2. Very
;

much

extremely.

Pr6d'I-GY,

n.

prodicium,
1.

fr.

[Lat. prodigium, for

prodicere, to foretell.]

portent.

2.

Any

thing won-

and out of the ordinary

derful,

course of nature.
v.

[-ED;-ING.]

t.

[Lat.

producere; pro, forward, and ducere,

to lead.] 1. To offer to view
to exto give
hibit.
2. To bring forth
birth to. 3. To cause to be or to happen. 4. To yield or furnish. 5. To
lengthen out to prolong to extend.
To breed; bear; yield; exhibit;
Syn.
give; cause; make.
Prod'uce, n. That which is produced specifically, agricultural prod;

who

procrastinates.

PRO'CRE-ATE,

Profuse.

Pro-DU^E',

To delay to be dilatory.
Pro-crXs'ti-na'tion, n. A putting
v.

Pertaining
to, or under
J
the government of, a proconsul.
Pro-c6n'sul-ate, ) n. Office of a
Pro-con'sul-ship, J
proconsul, or
term of his office.
Pro-crXs'ti-nate, v. t.
[-ED;
-ING.] [Lat. procrastinare, -natum ;
pro, forward, and eras, to-morrow.]
To put off till co-morrow, or from
day to day.

necessity.
See
Syn.

and Prod'i-gXl'j-ty,

ernor of a province.

Pro-con'su-lar,
Pro-con'su-la-ry,

female procurer.
[Lat. prodigus, from

prodigere, to drive forth, to squander

away.] 1. Given to extravagant expenditures.
2. Expended without

n.

Pro-CON'sul,

pro-

PRO-CUR'ESS, n.
or PROD'I-GAL, a.

1. Official

and clivus,&

pro, forward,

fr.

ing; management; agency.

1. One who
Pro-CUR'er, n.
cures. 2. A pimp a pander.

[Lat. proclivitas,

cy.

general notice or publication.

published ordinance.

Pro-clIv'I-TY, n

effect.

a procession.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
proclamare ; pro, before, and clamare,
to call out.] To make conspicuously
known by public announcement.

Pro-claim',

Syn.

and

To gain obtain acquire win*,

Syn.
earn; attract.
Pro-cure 'me NT, n. Act of procur-

sist ingin

ucts.

Pro-du'cer, 7i.
Pro-du'^ i-ble

One who produces.

a.

Capable of being

[Lat.

productum, from

produced.

Prod'uct,

n.

productus, p. p. of producere, to produce.] 1. That which is produced or

effected

fruit

effect

result.

2.

The number resulting from the multiplication of two or more numbers.

1. Act of prodtt
PRO-CED'URE (30), n. [See PROCEED,
their legs to adapt them to its length. Pro-duc'tion, n.
Act, manner, or result of Proc'TOR, n. [Contr. fr. procurator.]
2. That which is produced.
cing.
infra.]
proceeding management.
Pro-DU't1ve, a.
1.
1. An officer employed in admiralty
Having the
PRO-CEED', v. i. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
and ecclesiastical causes. 2. An ofpower of producing yielding or furprocedere, from pro, forward, and ceficer who attends to the morals of
nishing results.
2. Bringing into
dere, to move.] 1. To move, pass, or
students, and enforces obedience to
being efficient.
go forward to advance. 2. To come
college regulations.
Pro-duc'tive-ness, n. Quality of
forth as from a source. 8. To act by Pro-cum'bent, a. [Lat. procumbens,
being productive.
falling, bending, or leaning forward.] PrS'EM, n.
method.
[Lat. proxmium, Gr.
pRO'CEEDg, n. pi. That which comes'
Lving on the face prone.
npooifxiov
rrpo, before, and ot/u.os,
yield
issue pro- Pro-cur'a-ble, a. Capable of being
fortbr or results
way, strain of a song.] Preface induct sum afforded by a sale.
procured.
troduction prelude.
;

OR, do, WOLF, TOO,

TO OK j CRN, RUE, PULL

J2, I,

Ot

silent; C, G,*o/i,-

e,G, hard; Aj EJISX^

N.

as NG:

PROFANATION

PROLEPSIS

336

f rof'a-na'tion, n. [See Profane.] Prof'IT-a-ble, a. Yielding profit or

Act of violating sacred things, or of
gain.
treating them with contempt.
Syn. Gainful; lucrative.
Pro-fane', a. [Lat. pro/anus, from Prof'IT-A-BLY, adv. Gainfully adpro, before, without, and fanum,
vantageously.
temple.] 1, Not sacred or holy. 2. Prof'it-eess, a. Void of profit.
Treating sacred things with con- Prof'LI-GA-CI, n.
A very vicious
tempt, irreverence, or undue familcourse of life.
iarity
specifv ally, given to swear- PROF'LI-GATE, a.
[Lat. profligatus,
ing. v.t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
struck or dashed to the ground.]
treat with abuse, irreverence, obloAbandoned to vice; openly and
quy, or contempt. 2. To put to a
shamelessly immoral.
[ence.
wrong or unworthy use.
Syn. See Abandoned.
With irreverPro-fane'ly, adv.
An abandoned man.
n.
;

Pro-FANE'NESS

Quality or
(109), n.
character of being profane esp. the
taking of God s name in vain.
Pro-fAn'i-ty, n. 1. Quality or character of being profane profaneness
blasphemy. 2. Profane language.
Pro-fess', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
prqfiteri,professus ; pro, before, and
;

fateri, to confess.]

To make open

1.

declaration of. 2. To put on or present an appearance of. 3. To pre-

tend to knowledge of.

Pro-fess'ed-ly, adv. By avowal.
Pro-fes'sion (-i'eWun), n. 1. Open
declaration. 2. A liberal occupation,
or one not mechanical, agricultural,
&c. 3. Collective body of persons
engaged in a calling.
Pro-fes'sion-al, {-feWun-), a. 1.
Pertaining to a profession.
2. Proavowed.
fessed
;

Pro-fes'sion-al-ey

By

(pro-fesh'un-),
profession or calling.

adv.

PRO-FEss'OR,

n.

1.

One who makes

Pro-found',

profundus ; pro,
before, forward, and fundus, the bottom.] 1. Descending far below the
surface.
ly felt.

a. [Lat.

Low bending.

2.

3.

Expressing deep humility.

n.
1.
An abyss. 2. The sea the ocean.
arfu.
In a profound
;

manner; deeply.

Pro-found'ness,

Quality of ben.
profundity; depth.
n.
Quality of being
profound depth of place, of knowledge,_of science, of feeling, &c.
Pro-fuse', a. [Lat. profusus, poured
;

Pro-FUN'di-TY,
;

1.
forth.]
to excess

Very

liberal.

2.

Liberal

often in a bad sense.

Syn.
Lavish
prodigal.
Profuse
denotes pouring out (as money, &c.)
with great fullness or exuberance; as,
profile in his expenditures, thanks, &c.
Lavish is stronger, implying unnecessary
or wasteful excess; as, lavish of his bounties, praises, &c.
Prodigality is stronger
still, denoting unmeasured or reckless
profusion; as, prodigal of one's strength
or blood, to secure some object.

a formal profession of religion. 2. A

public teacher of a particular science
or branch of learning.
Pro-fuse 'EY, adv. Lavishly; prodProfOes-SO'ri-al, n. Pertaining to
igally.
a professor.
[professor. Pro-fuse'ness, n.
1. Prodigality.
Pro-FESS'or-ship, n.
Office of a
profusion.
2. Great abundance
PROF'FER, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. Pro-fu'sion, n. 1. Extravagance of
expenditures. 2. Rich abundance.
proferr e ; pro, forward, and ferre, to
bring.]
To offer for acceptance to Pr6g,'i>. i. [D. pragchen, Ger. prachpropose to give to tender.
n. An
en, to beg.] 1. To wander about and
offer made; something proposed for
1. Provis2. To steal.
n.
beg.
acceptance.
ions obtained by begging or wanderPro-FI'CIENCE (-ffsh'enss), ) n. Im~
2. One
ing about food. [Low.]
Pro-FI'cien-CY (-fish'en-), ) provewho seeks his victuals by wandering
ment progression in knowledge.
and begging.
PRO-Fl'ciENT (-flsh'ent), a. Well- Pro-gen'i-tor, n. [Lat., fr. pro^igadvanced in any branch of knowlnere, -genitmn, to bring forth, to beedge or skill.
[Lat. projiciens,
n.
get.]
A forefather.
going forward, making progress ] PROG'E-NY,n. Descendants; offspring.
One who has made considerable ad- Prog-no'SIS, n.
[Gr. npoyvu>o-i<;,
vances in any business, art, or scifrom npoyLyvitio-Keiv, to know beforeence an expert.
hand.] Act or art of foretelling the
Pro'file (or pro'feel), n. [From Lat.
course and event of a disease, by parpro, or per, andjihcm, a thread, outticular symptoms.
line, shape.]
1. An outline or con- Prog-nos'tic, a.
Indicating sometour. 2. A head or portrait reprething future by signs or symptoms.
sented in a side view.
n.
1. A sign by which a future
PROF'IT, n. [Lat. profectus, progress,
hence, a preevent may be known
profit, from proficere, to go forward.]
2. A symptom indicating
diction.
1. Acquisition beyond expenditure
the course andevent of a disease.
pecuniary gain. 2. Valuable results. PROG-NOS'TI-ATE, v. t.
[-ed;
;

Syn.

^-v.t.

Benefit

gain;

[-ed; -ing.]

vice to; to benefit,

gain advantage.
advantage.

2.

i. E,I, O, f},Tt t longf

emolument.

-ING.]
future

[See supra.]
to foretell

To indicate as
from signs or

To be of sersymptoms.
v. t.
1. To Prog-nos'ti-ca'tion,

To be of use or

n.
[Gr. irpoypapLfxa,
fr. rrpoypafyeiv to write before or in
public] A brief outline or explanation of some public exercise or per,

formance.

Prog'ress,

n.
[Lat progressus, fr.
progredi, to go forth or forward.] 1.
A moving or going forward in space,
growth, or knowledge, &c.
2. A
journey of state made by a sovereign.
Pro-gress', v. i. [-ed; -ing.] 1.
To make progress to move forward ;
to proceed to advance to go on. 2.
;

5.

Pro-FOUND'LY,
ing profound

One who

n.

prognosticates.

PRO'GR.XMME,

To make improvement.
Pro-gres'sion (-gresh'un), n. 1. Act
of moving forward. 2. Course pasDeep-

4. Intellectually deep.

Prog-nos'ti-ca'tor,

n. 1. Act of
foreshowing or foretelling something
future. 2. A previous sign

Continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonical.

4. A regular succession of chords.
sage. 3.

Syn. Improvement advancement.

Pro-gres'sion-al, a.
Tending to
;

progress

relating to progression.

Pro-GRESs'ive,
ward evincing

a.

Moving forImprov-

1.

progress. 2.

ing,

[gress.

Pro-grss'Ive-ly, adv.
Pro-hib'it,

v.

With

pro-

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

t.

prohibere, -hibitum, fr. pro, before,

forth, and habere, to have.] 1. To
interdict by authority.
2. To hinder to debar to prevent.
;

Syn.
To forbid. To forbid is Anflo-Saxon, and is more familiar; to proibit is Latin, and is more formal or official.
A parent forbids his child to be
out late at night
he prohibits his intercourse with the profane and vicious.
;

Pro'hi-bT'tion

(-bisb/un), n.

forbidding or interdicting

Act of

interdict.

Pro-hIb'it-ive, \a.
Tending to
Pro-hib'it-o-RY, )
prohibit or forbid

forbidding.

Pro-ject',

v. t.
[-ED; -ing.]' [Lat.
projicere, -jectum, fr. pro, forward,
and jacere, to throw.] 1. To throw
out. 2. To scheme to devise.
3.
To draw or exhibit, as the form of
;

any

thing.

v.

i.

To shoot forward

to jut.

Proj'ect,

That which

n.

is

project-

something intended or devised.

ed
Syn. Design. A project is something of a practical nature thrown out
;

for consideration as to its being done.

design is a project when matured and
settled, as a thing to be accomplished.
See also Scheme.

Pro-ject'Ile,

a.

Impelling for-

1.

2.
Given by impulse.
body projected through the

ward.

n.

air,

as a cannon-ball.

Pro-jec'tion,

n.

1.

Act of throw-

ing forward. 2. A part jutting out.

esp. the repDelineation plan
resentation of any object on a per[scheme.
spective plane.

3.

One who forms a

Pro-ject'or, n.
PRO'LATE, a. [Lat. prolatus, brought
Elongated in the
forth, extended.]
direction of a line joining the poles.
[Gr. irp6\r)\(tis, fr.
n.
to take beforehand.]
7rpo\ap.f}dvet.v
A figure by which objec1. ( Rhet.)
tions are anticipated or prevented.

Pro-lep'sis,

AjE.L.S.U.Y.sAorJ/CARE.FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, XRM; PIQUE, FIRM SON,
;

PROLEPTIC
An

2.

ovent

Previous

of the

a.

1.

Pertaining

to prolepsis.

2.

antecedent.

Proletaire
One

when an Prom'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a prominent manner eminently.

e>ror in chronology,
ante-dated.

is

Pro-lep'ti,
Pro-lep'tic-al,

people

[Fr.

the com-

monalty.

of destroying one's offspring.

5.

[Lat. pronomen; pro,

Without Pro'noun, n.
for, and nomen, a name, noun.]
A
word used instead of a noun.
made
t. [-ed
-ING.]
[Lat.
PRO-NOUNCE',t\
to another, which
pronunciare ; pro, before, forth, and
2.
binds the person who makes it.
nunciare, to announce.] 1. To utter
Any thing promised. 3. Ground or
distinctly.
2. To speak or utter for[-ed -ing.]
basis of hope.
v. t.
mally, officially, or solemnly.
[Lat. promittere, -missum ; pro, for-

order

indiscriminately.
A declaration,

and facere, to make.] 1. Producing Prom'ise, n. 1.

young or fruit generative producby one person
;

2.

tive.

Fruitful of results.

Pro-LIF'i-ca'tion, n. Generation of

2. Indulging in progreat length.

tracted discourse.
Diffuse.
A prolix writer deS yx.
lights in circumlocution, extended detail,

and

A diffuse

trifling particulars.

in epithets, figures, and illustrations.

Diffusen^ss often arises from an exuberance of imagination; prolixity is almost always connected with a want of it.

ward, forth, au&mittere, to send.] 1.

To engage to do, give, make, or to
refrain from doing, giving, or making.
v.i.
2. To afford reason to expect.
1. To give assurance by a promise.

writerisfondof amplifying, and abounds

young or of plants.
[Lat. prolixus, fr.
(114). a.
and laxus,
pro, before, forward,
Extending to a
1.
loose, wide.]

PRO-LIX'

rium

promontoand mons, rnontis,

n. [Lat.

pro, before,

high point of land

projecting into the sea a headland.
mountain.]

man of a convocation.
Pro'logue (-log),n. [Gr.7rp6A.oyos,

tribute to the growth, enlargement,

or excellence of. 2. To exalt in station or honor.
SYif. To forward; advance; excite.

from

spoken before a dramatic performance begins.

[-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
v. t.

Pro-long',

and longus, long.]

2. To put
in time.
3. To extend.
off to a distant time.
lengthening
Pro'lon-ga'tion, n.
in time or space.
Pro-lu'sion, n. [Lat. prolusio, fr.
pro, before,
proludere, to prelude
A trial before
and ludere, to play.]
a prethe principal performance
lude hence, trial, essay.
pro, before, forth,

To lengthen

PRO-MOT'ER, n. One who promotes.

Pro-mo'tion, n. 1. Act of promoting.
2.

and em ere,
quick to

Prom-'e-nade',

exercise.
a.

1.

Pertaining to

Prometheus, fabled to have formed

men of clay, whom he animated by
means of fire stolen from heaven. 2.
inspiring.
Prom'i-nence, ) n. 1. Conspicuous2. That
PR 6 M'I-NEN-CY, J
ness.
which stands out or is conspicuous.
pROM'I-NENT, a.
[Lat. prominens,
jutting out, projecting, from pro, before, forward, and minere, to jut.] 1.
Standing out beyond the surface. 2.
Likely to attract attention from size
Eminent; distin3.
or position.
Life-giving;

guished.

Syn. Protuberant;

or, do,

1.

Ready and

2. Quickly, readily, or

act.

carries through an undertaking

steady, rapid progress.

with a

Teaching

p. a.

o-'

[See in-

manifesto.

Pro-nun' ci-'a' mi-en' to (-ncTon'the-aV-), n. [Sp. See Pronounce.]

proclamation or manifesto.

Pro-nun'ci-a'tion

(-shl-), n.
[See
1. Act or mode of
utterance. 2. Art or manner of uttering a discourse publicly.
PROOF, n. [Lat. proba, from probare,
to prove.] 1. Effort to establish or
discover a fact or truth test.
2.
That degree of evidence which produces belief.
3. Degree of strength
of alcoholic spirits. 4. {Print.) Atrial
impression, taken for correction.
Proof'-sheet, n. See Proof, 4.
Prop, v. t. [-ped; -ping.] [H. Ger.

Pronounce.]

propfen, to cram, stuff, stop.] 1. To

support or prevent from falling. 2.
To sustain; to support to stay ;. uphold.
n. That on which any thing
rests for support.
[propagated.
Prop'a-ga-ble, a. Capable of being
;

v.

t.

[-ED

tice

of propagating tenets.

PROP'A-GATE,

-ING.] 1. To excite to
action or exertion. 2. To suggest to
the mind especially to assist, as a
speaker when at a loss.
;

V.

t.

[-ED

-ING.]

To con-

[Lat. propagare, -gatum.] 1.

tinue or multiply by generation. 2To cause to spread or extend. 3. To

extend the knowledge of.
v. i. To
Prompt'er, n. One who prompts.
have young or issue.
Prompt'i-TUDE (30), n. Quality of Prop'A-ga'tion, n. 1. Act of propagating. 2. The spreading or extenbeing prompt cheerful alacrity.
Prompt'ly, arfi'. Readily; quickly.
sion of any thing.
[gates.
PROMPT'NESS,tt. Promptitude read- Prop'a-ga'tor, 71. One who propa-.

Pro-pel',

iness.

PRO-MUL'GATE,

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. promulgare, -gatum, for providV.

t.

v.

t.

[-led; -ling.] [Lat

propellere; pro, forward, aud pellere,

to drive.] To drive forward to urge
;

Divulge.] To make known

onward by force.
bv open declaration, as laws, &c.
Pro-pel'ler, n. 1. One who pro.
Pro'mul-ga'tion, n. Act of propels.
2. A revolving screw for promulgating publication open decpelling a steamboat. 3. A steamboat
gare. Cf.

^mulgates.

laration,

thus propelled.

Pro'mul-ga'tor, n. One who pro- Pro-PENSE', a. [Lat. propensus, p.

PRONE,a. [Lat. promts.] 1. Bending
p. of propendere, to hang forth.]

full; large; chief.

wolf, TOO3 -00K;

[A Gallicism.]

ed.

Pro-noun'CING,

n.

Pro-me'the-an,

pro, forth,

oj

expeditious. One Prop'a-gan'da, n.

Syn. Ready
[See Propawho is ready 'is prepared at the moment.
gate.] A Roman Catholic missionOne who is prompt is prepared beforeary
society
in
Rome.
hand, so as to start at the moment into
Art or pracdecisive action. One who is expeditious Prop'a-gan'dism, n.

for

to take.]

cheerfully performed.

a.

(84), a.

hence, at hand, ready

or

[mote.

Tending to pro[-er;-est.] [Lat.

promptus, prop, brought to light:

Prompt

[Fr., fr. promener, to lead, take

a walk, se promener, to walk.] 1.
A walk for amusement or exercise.
v. i. [-ED
2. A place for walking.
-ING.] To walk for amusement or

State of being promoted.

Pro-MO'tive,

Prom'e-nade',

Capable

a.

being pronounced

Pro-nounc.ed' (pro-nounst^a. [Fr.

prononce.) Strongly marked decid-

fra.]

promise or binding declaration.

PROM'ON-TO-RY,

Quality of being
PRO-Lix'l-TY, n.
prolix minute detail.

Trpokeyety, to say beforehand.]

An introduction to a discourse or
especially the poem
performance

Pro-nounce'a-BLE,

2. To afford hopes.
indicating pronui^riation.
Prom'is-er, 71. One who promises.
Prom'is-so-ry (50), a. Containing a Pro-nOn^i-a-men'to, n.

Prol'o-cu'tor, or Pro-loc'u-tor, Pro-mote', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.

[Lat., from pro, before, for, and
n.
promovere, -motum ; pro, forward,
Speaker or chairloqui, to speak.]
and movere, to move.] 1. To con-

1.

4.

Inclined; disposed;-^

Pro-mis'cu-o&s-ly, adv.

[Lat. proles, offspring,

a.

running downward.

Sloping.

press.]
Tine of a fork, &c.
out order. 2. Distributed or applied
PRO-NOM'I-NAL,a. [Lat. pronominal,
without order.
is.
See infra.] Belonging to a proSyn. Mixed; common indiscriminate; confused.
noun.

[Lat. proles, offProl'i-cide, n.

Crime
spring," and ctedere, to kill.]

pRO-LIF'IC,

Headlong

usually in an ill sense.

PRO-Mls'U-OUS, a. [Lat. promiscuState of being
us, from pro, before, forward, forth, Prone'ness (109), n.
prone inclination
disposition.
and miscere, to mix.] 1. Consisting
[D. prangen, to pinch,
of individuals united in a body with- Prong, n.
;

(pro'la-tar'), n.

common

PROPENSE

337

fJRN, rue,

forward.

2.

pull; e,

i,

Flat on the face.

o, silent

3.

Inclined

disposed

c,G,so/2; , 3, hard; AS

prone.

EglST; n as ngj this.

PROPENSION
Pro-pEn'sion,
Pro-pen'SI-ty,

n.

inclination.

Prop'er,

a.
[Lat. proprius.] 1. Belonging to as one's own. 2. Belonging to the essential constitution of.
3. Befitting one's nature, property,
&c. 4. Adapted to the ends of order, comfort, beauty, &c.
5. Preformal.
cise
6. Pertaining to one
of a species, but not common to the
[strictly.
whole.
ProP'er-LY, adv. Suitably fitly
PROP'ER-TY, n. [Lat. propri etas.] 1.
A peculiar quality of any thing. 2.
That to which one has a legal title
thing owned; an estate.
3. Excluownership.
sive right of possessing
PROPH'E-CY, n. [Gr. npo^reCa npo^yr\rveiv, to prophesy.] 1, A declaration
;

of something to come. 2. ( Script.

book of prophecies a history.

PROPH'E-SY
142.]
dict.

[-ed; -ING,
(54), i. t.
foretell, as future
to pre-

To

v.

To

2. (Script.)

doctrines

1.

i.

To utter

predictions.
instruct in religious

to exhort.
[Gr. 7rpo4>ryT7)s, lit. one
for another, esp. for a

PROPH'ET, t\.
who speaks
2.

Pro'po-lYs,

n.

ry>o, before,

and

7roAi?, city.]

An interpreter.

prophecy.

A
1
)

female prophet.
Containing,
or pertaining to,

a.

[phetical

Pro-phet'I-al-ly, adv.

manner.
In a pro-

[-ED; -ING.]

female pro-

PRO-PRl'E-TY,

n.
[Lat. propri'etas
Suitableness to an acknowledged or
correct standard or rule.

Syn.

Fitness

PRO-PUGN'

decorum.

(-pun'), v.

t.
[Lat. pro.
and puguare. to
for
to defend.
(-pun'-), n.
defend-

pugnare

fight.]

To contend

pro, for,

er

PRO-PUGN'ER

a vindicator.

PRO-PtJL'SlON, n. [See PROPEL.] Act

of driving forward.
To adjust
To form Pro-p Or/si VE, a. Tending,

1.

2.

or hav-

ing power, to propel.

with symmetry.

Pro-por'tion-a-ble,

a.

1.

of being proportioned.

2.

Capable
Propor-

Pro'ro-ga'tion,

Continuance of
Parliament from one session to an-

[ing to proportion.

tional,

n.

prietor.

in a suitable proportion.

to

being proprietor.

Pro-pri'e-tress,
[Lat. proportio, fr.

portio, share.] 1.
Relation of one portion to another,
or to the whole. 2. Equal or just
share. 3. Symmetrical arrangement.
4. Equality or similarity of ratios.
5. The rule of three in arithmetic.
Symmetry.
The idea of
Syn.
adaptation is common to both these
words, but symmetry denotes beautiful
adnptation, an idea not always embraced
in the word proportion.

Pertaining

a.

a proprietor.

Pro-pkI'e-tor, n. One who has th>

legal right to any thing; an owner.
PRO-PRl'E-TOR-SHlP, n.
State of

One who makes

-nentis, proposing.]

a proposal.

Pro-por'TION, n.
pro, before, and

v.t.

of proprietors.

res-

inous substance, used by bees to stop

crevices in their hives, &c.
[Lat. proponens,
PRO-PO'NENT, n.

m.

other.

Pro-por'tion-a-bly, adv. Accord- Pf.O-ROGUE', v.t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.

prorogare ; pro, forward, and rogare,
Pro-por'tion-al, a. 1. Having a
to ask one for his opinion, vote, &c]
1. To prolong; to defer.
2. To continue from one session to another
applied to the English Parliament.

due proportion.

2. Relating to, or
securing, proportion. 3. Having the

. Any
ratio.
in a proportion.

same or a constant,

n.

Quality

Pro-por'tion-al-ly, adv.

In pro-

Proph'et-ess, n.
PRO-PHET're,
PRO-PHET'IC-AL,

from

[Gr. TrpoVoAis,

fr. irpo, for, and ^avai, to say.]

number or quantity
One who prophesies a predicter. Pro-por'tion-Al'i-ty,

god,
1.

PROSECUTOR

338

State of being
inclined; natural

of being in proportion.
portion

Pro-por'tion-ate,
else,

a.
Adjusted to
according to a pro-

See Adjourn.

Pro-rGp'tion,

n.
[Lat. prorvptio;
prorumpere, to burst forth.] A bursting forth.

due degree.

in

something

Syn.

PRO-SA'I,
PRO-A'i-AL,

portion.

[Lat. prosaicus.]

a.

Pertaining

1.

or resembling prose.

to,

2. Dull
uninPr6ph'y-lAi'ti, n.
A medicine Pro-por'tion-ate, v. t. [-ed;
teresting.
which defends against disease a pre-INGJ To make proportional.
Pro'sa-Ist, n. A writer of prose.
ventive.
Pro-por'tion-ate-ly, adv. In a PRO-Sc;E'NI-UM, n
[Gr. npoa-K^vtov ;
Proph'y-lAc'tic,
a. [Gr. npoproportionate manner.
irpo, before, and crKi)vq, a tent, stage.]
PROPH'Y-LAC'TIC-AL,
j>vkaKTUto<;
Pro-po'al, n. That which is offered
Part of the stage in front of the dropfrom 7rp6, before, and (frvkdaaeiv, to
for consideration or acceptance.
scene of a theater.
guard.] Defending from disease preoffer;
tender; PRO-SRlBE',r. t. [-ED
Syn. Proposition
-ING.] [Lat.
ventive.
overture. See Proposition.
proscribere
; jrro, before, and scribere,
Pro-pIn'qui-ty (-pTnk'wi-), n. [Lat. Pro-pose', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
to write.] 1. To doom to destruction.
propinquitas, fr. prope, near.] Nearproponere, -positum, fr. pro, before,
2. To denounce as dangerous and
ness in place, time, or relationship.
1. To
forth, and ponere, to put.]
not worthy of reception
Pro-pi'ti-a-ble (-pish'I-), a. Capa;

for consideration, discussion,

acceptance, or adoption. 2. To pur[Recent.]
pose
to intend.
v. t.
To offer one's self in marriage.
offer

ble of being propitiated.

Pro-pI'TI-ate

(-pish'i-at),
t.
v.
[Lat.
propitiare,

[ED
-ING.]
-atum, from propitius, favorable.]
Pro-pos'er, n.
To appease and render favorable.
proposition.
PRO-P^TI-A'TION (-pish'i-), n. Act Prop'o-sY'tion
;

or

means of

propitiating.

Pro-pI'ti-a'tor

who

(-pish'i-),

n.

One

propitiates.

PRO-pi'TI-A-to-ry (-pish'T-), a. Having the power to make propitious

expiatory.

(Jewish Antiq.) The

cover of the ark of the
n.

mercy-seat
covenant.

Pro-pI'TIOUS (-pMi'us),
pitius.]

1.

a. [Lat. pro-

Favorable;

kind.

Ready

2.

to forgive sins and bestow

blessings. 3. Favorable.
Syn.
Auspicious.
Auspicious denotes "indicative of success," or "favored by incidental occurrences; " as, an
auspicious opening or event. Propitious
denotes that which effic3C.ioulv protects
us in some undertaking, speeds' our exertions, and decides our success.

Pro-p1'tious-ly

(-plsh'us-), adv.

a propitious manner.
A,

I,

That which

Syn. To outlaw; doom.

PRO-sRiB'ER,n. One who proscribes.
PRO-SCRlP'TION, n. [See supra.] 1.
Act of proscribing or dooming to
One who makes a

(-zish'un),

n.
1.
is proposed or offered.

A complete sentence.
Proposition and
Proposal.
Syn.
proposal mark different forms or stages
of a negotiation. A proposition is some2.

thing presented for discussion or consideration a proposal is some definite thing

offered bv one party to be accepted or
rejected by the other. If the proposition
is favorably received, it is usually followed by proposals which complete the

death, exile, or outlawry.

of being proscribed.

Pro-scrip'tive,

or consisting in, proscription.

[Lat. prosa, equivalent to
n.

Proe,

prorsa

guage not

oratio),

from

v.

in verse.

promts,

Lan-

To

?'.

talk

in a dull, tedious manner.

a.
1.
Pertaining fo, or composed of, prose.
2. Unpoetical.

Pr6s'E-UTE,

arrangement.

Prop'o-sY'tion-al

(sc.

straight forward, straight on.]

[Lg,t.

n.

(-zTsh'un-),

State

2.

Pertaining to,

a.

Pertaining to, or in the nature of,

a proposition.
t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

V.

[-ED;

t.

prosequi, -secvtus.

fr.

-ING.]
pro, for-

ward, and sequi, to follow.]

1. To
pursue with a view to reach, execute,
or accomplish.

2.

To seek

to obtain

Pro-pound', v.

by legal process.
proponere. See PROPOSE.] To lay Pros'e-ou'tion,
ecuting. 2. The
before to offer for consideration to
;

1.

rying on of a suit in a court of law.

propose.

In Pro-pri'e-ta-ry, n. [See Propri- PROS'E-eu'TOR,

cutes.
ety.] 1. A proprietor. 2. A body

d,u, Y,long; I,ii } X,6,tJ, , short; cAre, FAR, ASK, ALL,

Act of prosinstitution and carn.

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

TERM;

n.

One who

Pi'QUE,

prose-

fIrm s6n v
;

PROSELYTE
PROS'E-LYTE,
a new corner.]

A new

Syn. See Convert.

[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.

PROUD

339

[Gr. 7rpocr>7A.vTOs,

n.

Pros'ti-tu'tion,

n.

lewdness of a female.

convert.

Common

1.

Act of set-

2.

ting one's_self to sale.

[titutes.

ceptance or the non-payment of a

bill

or note.

Pro'test,

n.

solemn declaration

of opinion, commonly against some

To convert Pros'ti tu'tor, n. One who prosact.
See the verb.
some religion, opinion, or system. PROS'TRATE, a. [See infra.} 1. LyProt'est-ant,
a.
1. Making a proing at length. 2. Occupying a lowPros'e-ly-tism, n. The making of

to

Pros'er,

writer of prose.
n.
1.
tedious writer or speakei

test.

ly or suppliant position.

converts.
2.

tediously.

Pro-SLAV'ER-Y,

a.

PRO-SO'DI-AL,
Pro-sod'j-al,

a.

Being
[Gr.

[slavery.
in favor of
n-pocrwSi-

According

/cos]

to the rules of prosody.

Pro-s6'di-an, I n.
One

in

skilled

Pros'o-dist, j
prosody.
Pros'o-dy, n. [Gr. n-poa-wSia, a pong
sung to or with, an accompan}ing
song, the accent accompanying the
pronunciation.] That part of grammar which treats of the quantity of
syllables, of accent, and of the laws
of versification.

Pros' o-po-pce'ia

(-pj'ya), n.

[-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.

t.

pro, before,
forward, and sternere, to stretchout.]
To lay or fall flat to throw down.

prosternere, -stratum,

In a prosy manner

Pros/i-l Y, adv.

PROS'TRATE,<y.

[Gr.

irpoa-<airoiroua; npoo-onrov, a face, perfigure

son, and 7roieiv, to make.]

fr.

PROS-TRA'TION,

[See supra.]

n.

Act of throwing or
hiying

2.

flat.

1.

down, or

falling

Condition of being

prostrate.
3.
Great oppression of
natural strength.
PkS'STYLE, n. [Gr. -npocnvkos ; irp6,
before, and crrvAo?, pillar.] A portico in which the columns stand in advance of the building.
Pr5'y, a. [-ER; -est, 142.] 1. Like
prose. 2. Dull and tedious.
Pro-syl'lo-gi'sm, n.
A syllogism
logically essential to another.
ProT'a-sis, n. [Gr. TrpoTao-is, from
7rpoTeiVetv, to stretch before, for-

member

Subordinate

ward.]

of a

sentence, generally of a conditional

by which things are represented as
sentence.
persons, or an absent person is introPr6'te-an, a. Relating to Proteus,
duced as speaking personification.
prospectus,
a
sea-god who had the faculty of asPr6s'PET, n. [Lat.
fr.
prospicere, to look forward.] 1. That
suming different shapes hence, readily changing the form or appearance.
which is embraced by the eye in vision.
2. A widely extended view
a PRO-TET', t. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
protcgere,
-tectum, fr. pro, before,
landscape. 3. A position which afand tegere, to cover.] To shield from
fords a fine view. 4. Position of the
danger or injury.
front of a building. 5. Ground or
[-ED
v. t.
reason for hoping.
Syn. See Defend.
-ING.] To search or examine for. Pro-tE'tion, n. 1. Act of preserv[Amer.]
To make a search.
v. i.
ing from loss, injury, or annoyance.
Pros-peot'ive, a. 1. Looking for2. That which pri tects.
ward in time. 2. Relating to the
Syn. Defense; shelter.
future.
Pro-TE'tion-Ist, n. One who faPro-spe'tus, n. [Lat., a prospect.]
vors the protection of some branch
Plan of a literary work, containing
of industry by legal enactments.

2.

ants.

the

Pertaining to the ProtestOne who protests against

Catholic church.
.

Roman

Prot'est-ant-im,

the terms of publication, &c.

[-ed; -ING.] [Lat.
v. t.
prosperare from prosper. See PROSPEROUS.] To favor to render suc-

Pros'per,

cessful.

v.

i.

To be

successful.

succeed; flourish; thrive.

Pros-per'i-ty, n. Successful progress in any business or enterprise.
Pros'PER-OUS, a. [Lat. prosperus or
prosper ; pro, according to, and sperare, to hope.]
1. Succeeding in the
pursuit of any thing desirable. 2.
Favoring success.
Syn.
Fortunate; successful; favorable. See Fortunate.
Pros'per-ous-ly, adv. In a pros-

perous manner.
fr.

n.

[Gr. 7rp6o-0ea-i?,

put to, to add.]

prefixing one or more letters to the

beginning of a word.

PROS'TI-TUTE(30),r.

t.

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat. prostituere, -tutum, fr. pro, before, forth, and statuere, to put.] 1.
To offer, as a woman, to a lewd use.
2. To devote to base purposes.
a.
Openly devoted to lewdness devoted
to infamous purposes.
n. A woman
given to indiscriminate lewdness a

strumpet.

PRO-TET'OR.

n.
One who defends
or shields from injury or oppression.
n.

Government

by a protector.

Pro-teT'or-ship,

Office of

n.

protector or regent.
n.

A woman who

Pro-teT'ress,
protects.

PR O TE GE (pro'ta/zha'),

n. [Fr. , p. p.

of proteger, to protect.] One under

the care and protection of another.

PR O TE G E&

(pro'ta/zha'), . [Fr.]

woman

or girl under the protection

of another.
[-ed -ing.]
(115), v. i.
[Lat. protestari ; pro, before, and

Pro-test'

7rpocrTi0eVai , to

ok, DO,

Affording protec-

a.

tion.

Pro-tect'or-ate,

Syn. To

Pros'the-sis,

PRO-TET'iVE,

To affirm
public or formal manner.
2.
te.stari,

to testify.]

1.

make a solemn declaration

in a

To

expressive

of opposition.

Syn. To
clare.

v.t.

affirm

assert

attest

de-

See Affirm.

To make a solemn

declara-

tion or affirmation of.

To protest a

note, to

make

solemn

written declaration, on behalf of the

holder, against all parties liable, for any
damage to be sustained by the non-ac-

WOLF, TO Oj SO ii; URN, RUE, PULL

JS, /,

O, silent

C.G,so/i!;

Protest"

Prot'es-ta'TION,

n.
solemn declaration , especially of dissent.
PRO-TEST'ER, n. One who protests.
PRO-TH6n'0-TA-RY, n. [Lat. protonotarius, fr. Gr. Trpwro?, first, and
Lat. notariits, a scribe, notary.]
1.
regisA chief notary or clerk. 2.
ter or chief clerk of a court. [Amer]
PRO'TO-eoL, n. [Late Gr. npioroKoX\ov, the first leaf glued to notarial

documents, on which the date was

written, fr. Trpwros, first, and /coAAa,
glue.] 1. Original copy of any writing, as of a treaty. 2. Rough draught.
PRO'TO-MAR'TYR, n. [Gr. npuiTofj-apTvp ; 7rpwTOs, first, and (idpTvp,

martyr.] The first martyr, Stephen.

PRO'TO-PLXST, n. [Gr. irpoiroTrkao'To?, formed or created first.]
The

The

ii.

ant religion.

thing

formed

first

Pro'to-TYPE,

n.

an

[Gr.

original.
ttputotvttos,

-tvttov, fr. 7rpa)To?, first,

type.]

An

original after

and tvttos,
which any

thing is copied.
Syn. Pattern; exemplar; archetype.
PRO-TRACT', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
protrahere, -tractum ; pro, forward,
;

trahere, to draw]
1. To draw
out in time. 2. To put off to a distant time. 3. To lay down with scale

and
and

protractor.
To prolong; continue; delay;

Syn.

defer; postpone; retard.

Pro-trac'tion,

n.
1. Act of drawing out in time. 2. A laying down
on paper the dimensions of any
thing, as a field.
Pro-tractive, a. Drawing out or
lengthening in time delaying.
;

Pro-tract'or,

1. One who pron.

tracts.
2.
mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring

angles on paper.
Pro-trtjde', v. t. [-ed; -ing.1

[Lat.
protrude.re ; pro, forward, forth, and
trudere, to thrust.]
To thrust out,

as through a narrow orifice.

v. i.
To shoot or be thrust forward.
Pro-trtj'.sion, n. 1. Act of thrusting forward, or beyond the usual
limit.
2. State of being protruded.
Pro-tru'sIve,. Impelling forward.

PRO-TU'BER-ANCE, n. [See infra.\

Any thing swelled or pushed beyond
the surface; a projection.

Pro-tu'ber-ant,
yond the surface

Prominent h&

a.

swelling.
[Lat. pro-'w
i.
berare, -ratum ; pro, forward, forth,
and tuber, a hump, swelling.] To
swell or bulge out.
Pro-tu'ber-a'tion, n. Act of swelling beyond the surface.
;

PRO-TU'BER-ATE,

Proud,

,S,hard;

a.

v.

[-er; -et.] [A.-S.^rfti]

Ar,j EXIST.)

as

NG THIS
;

PROUDLY
;

cilious; lofty

splendid

ostentatious.

[Lat. prudens, contr

r. t. [-ED -ING.] PRU'DENT, a.
ment; a proviso.
fr. providens.
See Provident.] 1
To supply with stores of food.
Practically wise
careful.
2. DicPRO-vLs'ION-AL (-vizh'un-).a. Pro;

vided "for present need or for the occasion

temporary.
Pro-VIs'ion-al-ly, adv. By way of
provision temporarily.
;

pROUD'LY,ac/v. With inordinate

esteem in a proud manner.

self-

Prov'A-ble,

Capable of being

a.

proved.
(pro~Ov), V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. probare.] 1. To ascertain by an

experiment,

test,

or standard.

2.

To

establish as truth, reality, or fact. 3.

To ascertain the genuineness or va-

lidity of.
v. i. 1. To make trial. 3.
To be found by experience or trial.
Prov'JEN (proov/n), p. p. Same as

Proved.

[A Scotticism.]

Prov'en-der,

n. [Fr . provende , provisions, provender, fr. Lat. providere,

Dry food for beasts, as
to provide.]
corn, hay, or oats.
Proverb, n. [Lat. proverbium ; pro,
before, for, and verbum, a word.] 1.
familiar sentence briefly and forcibly expressing a practical truth. 2.

Pro-vYs'ion-a-ry, a. Provisional.
Pro-vi'so, n. ; pi. pro-VI'sos. [Lat.,
it

being provided.]

conditional

by-word expression of contempt.

Syn. Maxim; aphorism; apothegm;
;

adage; saw.

Pro-verb'i-al,

Mentioned in
hence, universally spoken
a.

1.

a proverb
2. Pertaining to proverbs
of.
sembling a proverb.
;

Pro-verb'i-al-ism,

n.

re-

proverbial

phrase.

Pro-verb'i-al-ly, a*. In a proverb hence, commonly.

Pro-vide', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
providere, fr. pro, before, and videre,
to see.] 1. To get, collect, or make
ready for future use. 2. To furnish.
Pro-VID'ED, conj. On condition if.
Prov'I-den^E, n. [See infra.] 1.
;

Pro-vI'sor,

[Se^

n.

Steward or treasurer of a religious

house.

creet; judicious; provident.

Pru-den'tial,
prudence.

a. 1. Proceeding from
Exercising prudence;

2.

advisory.

ed scrupulousness coyness.
PRUD'ISIl a. Like a prude very pre;

Pro-vi'ro-RY,

Containing a

1.

a.

Making
conditional.
2.
temporary provision temporary.
Prov'o-ca'TION, n. [Lat. provoca2. That
tio.]
1. Act of provoking.
which excites anger.
proviso

tated by prudence. 3. Frugal economical.

Syn.
Cautious
circumspect,- dis-

Pru'dent-LY, adv. With prudence.

Provide.] Prud'er-y, n. [See Prude.] Affeot-

stipulation.

fpROVE

PSEUDONYM

340

Feeling or manifesting pride especially inordinate self-esteem.

2.
Giving reason or occasion for pride.
Proud flesh {Med.), a fungous growth
of flesh in a wound.
Syn.
superConceited arrogant
1.

Pro-vo'A-tive,

or tendAny thing that

a stimulant.

a. Serving

n.

ing to provoke.
tends_to provoke

PEO-VOKE',

[-ed -ING.] [Lat.

(.
pro, forth, and vocare, to
call.]
1. To call forth
to excite to
action. 2. To anger
to offend.
Syx. See Irkitate.

provocare

r.

Prov'ost

(prov'ust). n.
[Lat. prxpositus, placed before, a chief, fr.
prseponere to place before.]
chief

cise or reserved.

Prune,

[-ed: -ing.] [0. Eng.

p?oine,proigne fr. Fr. provigner, to
lay down vine stocks for propagation.]
1. To lop off, as superfluous
branches of trees.
2. To dress or
v. t.-

trim,
[Lat.

n.
as a bird its feathers.
prunum, a plum, prunus, a

dried plum.
Pru-nel'la, ) n. [Prob. from itscolPru-nel'lo, j
or resembling that
of prunes.] A smooth, woolen stuff,
used for shoes, &c. a kind of lasting.

plum-tree.]

PRU-NEL'LO, n. [Dim. of prune. See

Prune.] A species of dried plum.
Prun'ing-ho'ok,
.
A cutting inPrun'ing-knIfe (-nif),
I

strument used in pruning trees.

magistrate of a city or town head of
Pru'ri-ence (89), n. An itching
a college.
desire or appetite.
Provost-marshal (usually pron. pro- Pru'ri-en-cy j
[Lat. pruriens, itchvo ) (JUL), an officer appointed to arrest Pru'RI-ENT, a.
deserters, indict offenders, &c.
ing.]
Uneasy with desire itching.
Prov'ost-ship, n. Office of a pro- PRU-RI'GO, n.
[Lat., fr. prirrire, to
vost.
itch.] A disease of the skin, of which
Prow (prou), n. [Fr. prove, Gr. 7rpi6- itching is the principal symptom.
The fore part of a ship.
pa.]
Prus'sian (prush'an or prob'shan), a.
Prow'ess (prou'es), n. [Fr. ptouesse,
Pertaining to Prussia.
from Lat. probus, excellent.] DistinPrtutsiun hive, cyanide of potassium
an d ron a salt of a be au tifu de ep blue
guished bravery especially, military
bravery gallantry.
n. A native of Prussia.
Prowl "(proul), v. t. [-ed -ing.] PRUS'sre (prfls'ik or prcJb'sik), a. Per[From a hypoth. 0. Fr. proieler, dim.
taining to Prussian blue.
of proier, Lat. prsedari, to plunder,
Prnssic acid, hydrocyanic acid, formerly so called because obtained from
from pissda, prey.] To rove over,
Prussian blue. It is a virulent poison.
through, or about.
v. i. To wander, especially for prey.
v.t.
Pry, v.i. To inspect 'closely
Prowl'er, n. One that prowls.
To raise, or at[-ED; -ING, 142.]
PROX'I-MATE, a.
[Lat. proximare,
n.
tempt to raise, with a lever.
-matus. to draw or come near.] Next
A lever.
[A corruption of prize.
immediately preceding or following.
PSALM(sam), n. [Gr.\fja\p.6<;,\l/dKna..]
2. One of the
Syn\ Nearest; next; closest; imme1. A sacred song.
diate; direct.
hymns by David or a modern verProx'i-mate-ly, adv. In a proxisification of the same.
mate position or manner.
Psalm'ist (sam'ist), n. A writer of
Prox-im'1-t y, n. State of being next
sacred songs.
in time, place, or influence, &c.
PsAl'mo-dIst (sal'mo-dist), n. One
Prox'i-mo, n.
[Lat., on the next.]
who sings sacred songs.
A day of the next month.
Psal'MO-dy (saFmn-dy), n. [Gr.^aAPROX'Y, n. [Contr. fr. procuracy. Cf.
>//aAju.6s. psalm, and wSij, a
I*(ti8ia ;
Proctor.] 1. Agency of one who
song.] 1. Practice or art of singing
acts as a substitute. 2. A substitute
psalms. 2. Psalms collectively
The
n.
3. A writing by which Psal-mog'ra-phy (sal-),
or deputy.
authorizes
another
person
to
one
writing of psalms.
The Book of
[a proxy. Psal'ter (sawl/ter)^.
vote in his place.
Prox'y-shIp, n.
Office or agency of
Psalms as printed,, in the Book of
Prude, n. [Fr. prude, orig. discreet,
Common Prayer
[Lat.
proper,
Lat.
probus,
good,
modest, fr.
Psai/ter-y (sawPter-y), n.
virtuous.] A woman of affected or
p'salterium.] A stringed instrument
over-sensitive modesty.
Hebrews.
of music used by the
[Gr.
Pru'dence, n. State of being pru- Pseu'do-NYM
(su'do-), n.
dent wisdom applied to practice.
Pseu'do-nyme
*//ev6ij?, false, and
;

Act of providing or preparing for future use. 2. The foresight and care
which God exercises over his creatures

God

hence,

himself.

Pr6v'i-dent,*7. Foreseeing wants and

making provision to supply them.
Syx.

Careful;

prudent.

PROva-DEN'TlAL,

a.
Effected by, or
referable to, divine providence.

PROV'I-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv.
In a
providential manner.
Prov'i-dent-ly, adv. With prudent foresight.

Prov'ince,
before, for,

n.

and

[Lat. provincia ; pro,

vincere, to conquer.]

A country or region dependent on

a distant authority. 2. A region of
country a tract. 3- A division in
any department of knowledge. 4.

1.

One's proper or appropriate business.

^RO-viN'CIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a
province. 2. Countrified rude.
Pro-vin'ciai,-Im, n. A peculiar word
or manner of speaking in a province
or remote district.
;

Pro-Vis/ion (-vizh'un), n. [Lat. provisio.]

1. Act of providing. 2. That
which is provided measures taken
;

beforehand.

3.

ables collected*.

\,E,

I.

stock of food
eatA previous agree;

4.

6,u,Y, long; A, E,1, 6,

ti

Y, short;

cAre, FAR, ASK, ALL, "WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FiRM; s6n

PSEUDONYMOUS

PULSATIVE

341

name.] A fictitious name

1. Swelled with air oi
literary work.
3. To put into circu- POff'y, a.
assumed by an author.
any soft matter. 2. Bombastic.
lation.
PtJG,
BUG,
and Ir. beag, small.]
n.
[Cf.
Pseu-don'y-moDs (su-), a. Bearing
Syn. See Announce.
1. A monkey.
2. A kind of small
a fictitious name.
PtJB'LISH-ER, n. 1. One who makes
dog.
[or disdain.
Pshaw (shaw), interj. Pish pooh
known.
2. One who puts forth
Push
(po~o), interj. Used in contempt
expressive of contempt or dislike.
books, &c, for sale.
a.
Pu'GIL-i'gM,
n.
[Lat. pvgil, a boxer.]
[Gr. \f/v\LPs\'HI
1 (sFkik),
PDb'lish-ment, n. 1. Act of making
Practice of boxing or fighting with
PSY'HI-AL
k6s, fr. tyvxn, soul,
publicly known. 2. A public notice
the fist
[his fists a boxer.
mind.] Relating to the human soul.
of intended marriage.
l(sI'ko-),a. PerPu'GIL-TsT,
n.
One who fights with
PSY'^HO-Lo&'re
Puce, a. [Fr., from puce, a flea, Lat.
PU'GIL-IST'IG, a. Relating to boxing.
taining
Psv'efio-LO&'ie-AL }
to
pulex, pulicis.] Of a dark brown or
PUG-NA'CIOUS, a. [Lat. pugnnjr, -napsychology.
brownish-purple color.
cis, fr. pugnare, to fight.]
Disposed
Psy-h6l'o-gi'st (sl-kol^-), n. One PtJCK'ER, v. t. [-EB: -ING.] [Eng.
to fight.
[quarrelsomeness.
who is versed in the nature and proppoke, a pocket, small bag.] To gathowfia,

erties of the soul.

Psy-chol'o-gy

'

[Gr.

n.

(sT-kol'-),

$vxn, soul, mind, and Aoyos, discourse.] Scientific knowledge of the

powers and functions of the human
soul, so far as they are known by
consciousness.

Psy'HO-man'CY

n.
[Gr.
tyvxn, soul, and ^avreia, divination.]
Divination by consulting the souls of
(sl'ko-),

the dead.

Ptar'mY-GAN

[Gael, tarma-

(tar'-), n.

bird of the grouse family.

Pt6l'e-MA'I (toPe-), a. Pertaining
to Ptolemy, who supposed that the
sun and stars revolved around the
earth
chan.]

PTY'A-LiSM
Aiotxos,

fr.

(tT'a-lizm), n. [Gr. ir-ruamor7ttvoAov, spittle.]

bid and copious excretion of saliva

salivation.

Pu'BER-TY,

er into small irregular folds.

n. A
fold or wrinkle, or a collection of
folds.
[mult; a bustle.
POd'der, n. [See Pother.] A tuPud'DING, n. [Fr. boudin, Lat. botulus, dim. botelhis, a sausage.
Cf.
POUT.] 1. A kind of food variously

PUG-NAC'I-TY,n. Inclination to fight

PUIS'NE (piPny), a. [0. Fr. puisne,
from puis, since, afterward, and Fr.
nc, born.] Younger or inferior in
rank; as, a puisne justice.
Pu'rs-SANCE or Pu-Is'sance, n. [See
infra.]
Power; strength; might.
,

made. 2. Any thing resembling pud- Pu'is-sant, or Pu-is'sant, a.

Lat. potens, from posse, to be
ding.
Powerful strong mighty.
Pud'ding-stone, n. A coarse rock,
composed of pebbles, united by a Puke, i'. i. or t. [-ed; -ing.]
;

cement

lied

conglomerate.

Ger. pud el.

Cf.
]. A small quantity of dirty
standing water. 2. A mixture of clay
and sand, worked together, until it
is impervious to water.
v. t. [-ED

PUD'DLE,
POOL.]

[L.

n.

1.
To make foul.
2. To
-ING.]
thick or close with clay, sand,
and water, so as to render impervious to water.
Pud'dling, n. 1. Act of rendering
impervious to water by means of
2. Process of conclay, as a canal.
verting cast iron into wrought or
malleable iron.

make

[Fr. ;
able.]

[Al-

To

to Ger. spucken, to spit.]

vomit; to throw up.

A medn.
icine which excites vomiting.

Pul'ghri-tude

[Lat. pul(30), n.
cliriludo.]
1. That quality of external appearance which pleases the
eye.
2. Moral beauty.
Pule, v.i. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr. piauler,
Lat. pipilare, from pipire, to peep,
pip, chirp.]
1. To cry like a chicken. 2. To cry, as a complaining

[Lat. pubertas, from

n.
puber, pubes, adult.]
The age at
child to whimper.
which persons are capable of begetPULL,t\ t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S./wZlian.]
1. To draw, or try to draw,
ting or bearing children.
Pu-bes'CENCE, n 1. State of puberTo
toward one.
2. To tear.
3.
ty. 2. The soft, short hairs on plants.
gather by drawing toward one.
n.
PU-DIC'I-TY. n.
[Lat. pudicitia, fr.
[Lat. pubescent,
Pu-BES'CENT, a.
1. Act of pulling or drawing with
pudere, to be ashamed.] Modesty;
reaching the age of puberty, growforce.
2. A contest
a struggle.
chastity.
ing hairy] 1. Arriving at puberty. Pu'ER-iLE, a. [Lat. puerilis; puer, Pull'back,?!. That which restrains
2. Covered with pubescence.
from proceeding a drawback.
a boy.] Bo\iA; trifling; childish.
Pub'LI, n.
[Lat. publicus, poplicus,
PUL'LET, n. [Fr. poulet, dim. of
Syn. Youthful juvenile. Ptierile
fr. populicus, fr. populus, people.] 1.
poule, a hen.] A young hen.
is always used in a bad sense, as puerile
Relating to a nation, state, or commu(148), n.
objections, &c.
Juvenile is sometimes Pul'ley
nity. 2. Open to the knowledge of
[From Eng. pull.]
taken in a bad sense (though less strong
than puerile), as when speaking of
all.
3. Open to common use.
A small wheel in a
youth in contrast with manhood, as juSyn.
Common ; current general.
block with a groove
venile tricks, a juvenile performance.
n- General body of mankind the
for a running cord
Youthful is commonly employed in a
people, indefinitely.
one of the mechangood sense, as youthful aspirations, or at
least by way of extenuating; as, youthful
PDb'LI-CAN, n. [Lat. publicanus. See
ical powers.
indiscretions.
supra.]
1. (Rom Antiq.) A collecPul'mo-na-ry, ) a
Pulleyi.
tor of tribute.
2. Keeper of an inn Pu'er-il'i-ty,^ 1. Quality of being Pul-mon'I.
j
or public house.
puerile childishness. 2. That which
[Lat. pulmonarius,fr.pulmo,al\ix\g.]
PUB'LI-eA'TlON, n. [Lat. publicatio.
Pertaining to, or affecting, the lungs.
is puerile.
See Publish.]
1. Act of publishPU-R'PER-AL,a. [Lat. pverpera, a ly- Pul-mon'I, 7i. A medicine for dising
2. Act of offering a book or
eases of the lungs.
ing-in woman puer, child, and purere,
writing to the public. 3. Any pamto bear.] Pertaining to childbirth.
Pulp, n. [Lat. pulpa.] A soft, moist
phlet or book published.
mass of animal or vegetable matter.
Puff, n. [D. pof, bo/, a puff, blow.]
1. A sudden emission of breath
a PUL'PIT, n. [Lat. pulpitum.] A place
Proclamation annunciation
Syn
disclosure: revelation.
in a church, in which the preachei
whiff.
2. Any thing light and filled
PiJB'Ll-cIsT, n, A writer on the laws
stands.
[like it.
with air. 3. Exaggerated expression
of nations.
[-ed; -ing.]
PULP'otJS, a. Consisting of pulp, or
of praise.
1.
v. i.
PUB-LIC'I-TY, n. State of being pubTo blow with short and sudden Pulp'y, a. Like pulp soft Meshy.
lic
notoriety.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
whiffs.
2. To breathe with vehe- PlJL'SATE, v. i.
P0b'li-ly, adv. 1. Without concealmence. 3. To swell with air. 4. To
pulsar e, -satum, to beat, strike.] Tc
ment. 2. In the name of the comassume importance.
v. t.
1. To
beat or throb, as the heart.
munity
drive with a puff. 2. To blow up. 3. Pul'sa-tIle, a.
Capable of being
PDb'lish, v. t. [-ed ; -ing.] [Lat.
To praise with exaggeration.
beaten.
publicare. See PUBLIC] 1. To make Puff'er, n.
One who puffs.
PUL-SA'TlON,n. 1. Act of beating or
public to promulgate or proclaim. Puff'i-ness, n.
State or quality of
throbbing. 2. A beat or throb.
2. To put forth, as a book or other
being puffy.
PUL'SA-TIVE, a. Beating; throbbing.
;

OR, Dp,

wolf, TOO,TQO&$

fjRN, R]JE,

pull

E,i, o, silent

q,b,so/t; ,&,hard; Asj exist;

NasNG; this

'

PULSATORY
Pul'sa-to-ry,

sating.
n.
[Lat. pulsus, fr. pellere, to
beat.]
1. The beating of the heart
or blood-vessels, esp. of the arteries.
2. Any regular beat
oscillation
pulsation. 3. [Lat. puis, pultis, a
pottage of meal, pulse, &c.] Leguminous plants, or their seeds.
v. i.
To beat, as the arteries.

PULSE,

i?UL/vER-A-BLE,

Capable of being
[ducing to powder.
Pl'L/ver-j-za'TION, n.
Act of rePl'L'VER-IZE, v. t.
[-ed; -ING.]
[Lat. pulverizare, fr. pulvis, powder.]
To reduce to fine powder.
Pul-VER'u-LENCE, n. State of being
pulverulent.
ri"L-VER'y-LENT, a. [Lat. pulverulentus ; pulvis, powder.] Consisting
of fine powder powdery dusty.
PUM'ICE, n. [Lat. pumex, pumicis.]
A light porous volcanic substance.
Pu-Mi'CEOUS (-mish'us), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, pumice.
a.

pulverized. _

Same as Pomace.
n.
Pum'mel,w. &f. Same as Pommel.
Pi'M'MACE,

Pit MP, n.
[It. pompa, prob. fr. bom1.
machine for
bare, to drink.]
raising or transferring water, &c. 2.

[Of uncertain etymology.]

thin-soled shoe.

v.t.

PURITANICALLY

342

Capable of pul-

a.

low,

[-ed; -ing.]

tum, point.]
ceremony.

1.
2.

Punct'u-AL,

Nice point of form or

The point in fencing.
[Lat.

a.

punctum, a PUP'PY-IgM,

Exact to the time appointprompt.

ii. Quality or state
[manner.
of being punctual.
Punct'u-al-ly, adv. In a punctual
PUNCT'U-ATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. punctum, a point.]
To sepapoint.]

ed

2. An insignificant and con

ceited person.
n.
Extreme meanness,
, affectation
or conceit.
i.
[-RED;
f.
>KING.] To utter
IJCe,

dog.

Punct'U-al'i-ty,

a low, murmuring, continued souud,

as a cat.
n.
The low, murmuring, continued sound of a cat.
POr'BLIND, a. [From obs. poreblind.]

rate into sentences, clauses, &c, by

[punctuating.
points.
Punct'u-a/tion, n. Act or art of
Punct'URE (53), n. [Lat. punctura,
fr. pvngere, to prick.]
Act of perforating with a pointed instrument,
or the hole so made.
v. t.
[-ed;
-ING.] To pierce with a small point
to prick.
[Brahmin.
PDn'dit, n. [Hind, pandit.] A learned
PtJNG, n. A kind of one-horse sleigh

Pur'chas-a-ble,

rudely made.

[Amer.]
Pun'gen-oy,. State of being pungent keenness.
;

PDn'GENT,

a.
[Lat. pungens, prick1. Pricking; piercing;
said
with reference to taste or smell.
2.

ing.]

Exquisitely painful to the feelings

severe
said of discourse.
a. [Lat. Punicus, from Pceni,
the Carthaginians.] Pertaining to,
or like, the Carthaginians faithless.
;

PU'NIC,

Near-sighted or dim-sighted.
a.

Capable of be-

ing purchased.

PUR'CHASE,

[-ED; -ING.] [Fr.

to pursue, to seek ea-

V.

t.

pourchasser
gerly, fr. pour, for, and
,

cfiasser.

cha-

1.
To obtain for
money or its equivalent to buy. 2.
To procure.
n. 1. A buying. 2. A
thing bought; property. 3. Any me-

rier,

to chase.]

chanical hold, advantage, or force.

PfjR'CHAS-ER, n. One who purchases.

Pure,

a.
[-er -est.] [Lat. purus.]
Separate from all extraneous mat2. Free from what
contaminates or blemishes. 3. Mere
;

1.

ter or defilement.

absolute.

Pure'ly, adv.

In a pure manner;
kmocently.
2. Merely; absolutely.
Pure'ness, n. State of being pure".
PUR'FLE. (pur'fl), v. t. [0. Fr. pourfiler ; pour, for, and.,/?/, a thread.]
1. To embroider.
2. (Arch.) To dec1.

or-ate_rioh)y.
To raise with a pump, as water. Pu'ni-ness, n. Smallness with feebleness.
Pur-ga'tion, n. [Lat. purgatio.] Act
2. To examine by artful questions.
work
i.
To
a
POn'ish,
t.
[-ED
[Lat.
v.
pump.
v.
-ing.]
of cleansing or purifying.
PDmp'-BRAKE, n. Handle of a pump.
pun ire, fr. poena, punishment.] To Pur'ga-tTve, a. Having the power
Pump'ION, n. [0. Fr. pompon, from
afflict with pain, loss, or calamity.
of purging; cathartic.
n. A medicine that evacuates the intestines a
Gr. 7T7Tfe>i'.] The pumpkin.
Syn. To chastise castigate scourge
correct; discipline.
PUMP'KIN, n. [See supra.] A wellcathartic.
[purgatory.
known plant and its fruit.
Pun'ish-a-ble, a.
Liable to, or PfjR'GA-Td'RT-AL, a.
Pertaining to
Pur'GA-to-ry, n. [See iufra.] A
PtJN, n. [Cf. point.]
An expression
worthy of, punishment.
place, or a state believed to exist after
in which a word is capable of differ- Pun'ish-ment, n. Pain inflicted on a
ent meanings. v. i. [-NED -NING.]
person because of a crime or offense.
death, in which the souls of persons
are purified by punishment.
To use the same word at once iu dif- PO'NI-TIVE, a.
Pertaining to, or in1.

ferent senses.
Punch, n. 1. [Hind, pantsch,

because

it

was

orig.

five,

composed of

five

A drink made of water,

sugar, lemon juice, and spirits. 2.
[Abbrev. fr. punckinello .] The buffoon of a puppet-show. 3. [Abbrev.
A tool, for stamping,
fr. puncheon.]
or for perforating holes. 4. A blow
v.t. [-Ea
or thrust. [Colloq.]
-ING.] [From Lat. pungere, punctum, to prick.] 1. To perforate with
an instrument. 2. To thrust against.
ingredients.]

PtJNCH'EON (punch'un),

n.

[From

Lat. punclio, a pricking.] 1. A tool

for piercing, stamping, &c. a punch.
2. A short, upright piece of timber
a stud. 3. A cask containing usually
;

120 gallons.

Punctate. ) a. [Lat. punctum,

PiJN'TA-TED,
point.]
1.
Pointed.
2. Having dots scattered over
)

the surface.

Punc-til'io

(-tlPyo), n.

[Lat.

punc-

tum, point.] A nice point of exactness in conduct or ceremony.

Punc-til'ioCs (-tiPyus), a. Exact in
the forms of behavior or ceremony.
Punc-til'ious-ly, adv. With great

A,

i,

n.

[It.

puncto, Lat. punc-

Purge,

v.

t.

[-ed;

-ing.]
[Lat.
agere, to

purum

purgare, contr.

fr.

make

To cleanse or

clean.] 1.

purify.

The small

2 To clear from the charge of a

crime.
v. i.
To become pure.
n
1. Act of purging.
2. That which
purges; a_ cathartic.
Pu'ri-fi-ca'tion, n. Act of purifying a cleansing.
Pu-rif'I-ca-to-ry, a. Serving or
tending to purify, [which, purifies.
Pu'ri-fUer, n. One who, or that
Pu'ri-fy, v. t. [-ED -ING, 142.] [Lat.
purificare ; purus, pure, and facere,
To make pure or clear;
to make.]
to refine.
To become pure.
v. i.
PtJR'ISM, n. Quality of being pure or
nice, esp. in the choice of language.

2.
iris of the eye.
[Lat. pupillus, pupilla, dim. of pupus,
boy, pupa, girl.] A scholar of either
[pupil.
sex under an instructor.
Pu'PIL-AGE (45), n. State of being a
Pu'PlL-LA-RY,a. Relating to a pupil
or ward, or to the pupil of the eye.
Pup'pet, n. [Fr. poupee. a doll, from
Lat. pupa, girl, puppet.]
1. A doll.
2. A similar figure moved by a wire.

n.
One who is excessively
nice in his choice of words.
[From pure.]
1.
dissenter from the Church of England
in the time of Queen Elizabeth. 2.
a.
One strict in his religious life.
Pertaining to the Puritans.
a.
1. Pertaining
Pu'ri-tan'ic,
PU'RI-TAN'IC-AE,
to the Puritans,
or their doctrines and practice. 2.

prostitute.
n.
One who puns.
flat-bottomed
[A.-S.]
boat, used for various purposes.
Pu'ny, a. [-er -est, 142.] [See
2.

Pun'ster,
Punt, n.

Puisne.] Small and feeble.

Pup, n. [Allied to Lat. pvpus, boy.]
1. A puppy. 2. A young seal.
v. i.
[-ped -ping.] To bring forth whelps

or puppies.
[Lat. pupa,
n. ; pi. PV'PJli.
girl, doll.]
One of the states in the
complete metamorphosis of an insect.
Pu'PIL, n. 1. [Lat. pupilla, orig. dim.

of Lat. pupa, a
opening in the

PUP'PET-SHOW,
PDp'py,

n.

Pu'PA,

girl.]

?>

A mock drama

performed with puppets

nicety.

Punc'to,

flicting, punishment.
PUNK,/*. [Allied to spunk.] 1. A fungus, or decayed wood, used as tinder.

[From pup.]

1.

o,V,Y,long; *i,I, 6,u,Y,sAorf; CARE, FAR, ask, all,

A young

Pur'ist,

Pu'RI-TAN, n.

Over-scrupulous rigid.
Pu* RI-T3 N'IC-AL-LY, adv.
ritanical manner;

In a pu-

what; ere, veil 3 2rm;pique, fIrm;

S6?i

PURITANISM
cf Puritans.

Pu'Rl-TY,

purus,
quality of being
fr.

Condition -or
pure; as, (a.) Freedom from foreign
admixture, (b.) Freedom from foreign idioms.
PURL, n. [Contr.fr. purfile, purfle.]
1. An embroidered and puckered border.
2. An inversion of stitches in
pure.]

knitting.

be engaged in

an

iollow as
[Lat. puritan,

n.

3.

murmur,

gentle

PYROLIGNEOUS

343

PO'Rl-TAN-iSM,n. Notions or practice

as

Syjs

to continue.
4.
example to imitate.
;

To

See Follow.

To proceed, esp. in arguor discourse. [A Gallicism.]

PUR-SU'ER, n. One who pursues.
Pur-suit', n. 1. Act of following with
haste. 2. Endeavor to attain to or
gain. 3. Course of business.
Chase search proceeding; ocSyn.
cupation; prosecution.
v.

i.

ment

I s to put in a specific eituation: a

plant may be put into a flower-pot and
then placed in the green-house.

place

v.i.
steer

To go or move.

1.

To

2.

[a clown.

to direct.

Put, n. [Lat. putus, a boy.] A rustic

PU'TA-TIVE, o. [Lat. putativus, fr.pu;

tare, to suppose.] Supposed ; reputed.

Put'log, a.
short timber, on which
the planks of a scaffold are laid.
PyT'-OFF, n,
shift ; an evasion.

[See PutreMalt liquor, medi- Pur'sui-vant, n.

[Fr. poursuivant. Pu'tre-fac'tion, n.
fy.] 1. Act of putrefying. 2. Con-ING.]
i\ i. [-ED
See PURSUE.] A state messenger.
dition of being putrefied.
[Fr. poussif, fr. pousser,
[D. borrelen.] To eddy also, to make PURS'Y, a.
Pertaining to,
to push, heave.]
1. Fat, short, and Pu'tre-f active, a.
a murmuring sound, as running wa-

of a brook.

4.

cated or spiced.

ter does.
n. [Fr. pur, pure, free,

and Pu'RU-LENT

place, orig. land near a royal

forest, free from the forest laws.]
lieu,

Outer portion of any place environs.

Pur'lin, In. [Of uncertain etyniol;

PG'R'LINE,)
ogy.] A piece of timber
extending from end to end of a roof,
across and under the rafters.
Pur-loin', v. t. [-ed
-ing.] [0.
;

Fr. purloianier, to delay, fr.7?or, for,

and loin, far off.] To steal to pilfer.

PtlR-LOIN'ER, n. One who purloins.
;

[Lat, purpura, Gr. tropn.

orig. the purple-fish.]
1.
purple color.
2. Imperial govern-

PfjR'PLE,

4>vpcL,

ment

2. Short-breathed.
[Lat. purulen(110), a.
Consisting
pus, pun's, pus.]
of, or pertaining to, pus.
Pur-vey', v. t.
[-ed; -ING.] [Fr.
pourvoir, Lat. providere.
See PROVIDE.]
To provide, as with provisions.
v. i. To provide
to cater.
PUR-VEY'ANCE, n. 1. Act of providing; procurement.
2.
Provisions
procured food.
PUR- vey'OR, n. One who makes provision for the table a caterer.
PUR'VIEW (-vu), n. [Norm. Fr. purview, N. Fr. pourvu, provided, p. p.
of pourvoir. See Purvey.] 1. Body
of a statute. 2. Limit or scope of a

_thick.

Pur'LIEU,

Roman

empire;
from
the purple robe of the emperor. 3.
pi. Spots of a livid color on the skin.
a.
1. Of a color composed of red
and blue. 2. Imperial; regal. v. t.
in the

tus

or causing, putrefaction.
[-ed; -ING,
v. t. or i.
[Lat. putrefacere ; putrere, to
142.]

PC'TRE-FY,

be rotten, and facere, to make.] To

make or become putrid to rot.
Pu-tres'9ENCE, n. State of being
;

putrescent.

Pu-TRES'CENT,

trere, to

statute. 3. Scope
extent.
n. [Lat., allied to Gr. ttvos.] The
yellowish-white liquid produced in
;

PUS,

suppuration.

[Lat. putrescens,

a.

growing rotten.] Becoming putrid.

Pu-tres'CI-ble, a.
Liable to become putrid.
Pu'TRID, a. [Lat. putridus, from pu-

Pu'trid-ness,

tion

Tending to disrotten.
State of being

be rotten.]

solution or decay

Pu-TRID'I-TY,

n.

putrid

corrup-

putrefaction.

[-ed -ing.] To act

v. i.
inefficiently or idly ; to trifle.
PiJT'TY,n. [Fr. potee.]
cement of
whiting and linseed oil.
v. t. [-ED;
PttT'TER,

To cement with putty.

[-ed -ING.] To make purple.
PUSH, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr. pousPuz'zle, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Cf
ser, Lat. pulsare, intens. form of
PfjR'PORT, n. [0. Fr.,from pur, pour,
POSE.]
To involve in perplexity to
pellere,
to beat, push.]
for, and porter, to bear.]
Design or
1. To drive
n.
1. Something which
nonplus.
or impel by pressure. 2. To press or
tendency meaning. v. t.
[-ED
perplexes.
2. State of being puzzled
urge forwai-d.
-ING.] To mean to signify.
v. i.
1. To make a
perplexity.
thrust.
2. To make an effort.
PUR'POSE (pur/pus), n. [0. Fr. purn.
P\'E, n._ See PIE.
pos, propos. See PROPOSE.] Object
1. A thrust with the end of a thing.
Pyg-ME'an (124), a. Pertaining to,
2. Any pressure, impulse, or force
to be accomplished
end or aim to
Pyg'my,
or like, a pygwhich the view is directed.
applied.
J
-ING.]

Syx.
Design; end
See Desigx.

intention

aim.

PUR.
[From Gr.

money.
of

v.

1.

pvpo-a, hide,

small bag for

sum
A treasury. 3.
offered as a prize or pres-

2.

money

ent.

See

skin, leather.]

-ING.]
1. To
2. To contract into

[-ED

t.

put in a purse.

n.

being pusillanimous

[-ED -ING.] To dev. t. or i.

termine upon, as some object to be
accomplished to intend to design.
PfjR'POSE -ly, adv. Intentionally.

VURR,v.i.
PURSE, n.

Pu'sil-LA-nYm'I-TY,

Quality of
weakness of

^pirit.

PU'SIL-LAN'I-MOUS,
lanimis

[Lat. pusil-

a.

very little, and

Destitute of a
manly strength and firmness of
mind. 2. Evincing want of courage.
Syn. - Cowardly dastardly.
Puss, n. [It. pus, a cat.]
1. A cat
a fondling appellation. 2. A hare
so called by sportsmen.
Puss'Y, n. A puss
used as a fondpusillus,

animus, mind.]

1.

my

dwarfish.
PYG'MY, n. [Gr. 7rvyp.cuo?, fr. iruy^-q,
the fist.]
1. One of a fabulous race
beings inhabiting
of diminutive
Thrace. 2. A dwarf.
rf.
Pyr'a-mid, n. [Gr.
;

Trvpafjil-

TTVpafJLlS,

Egypt,

Sos,

piro-

mi.] A solid body

standing on a tri-f
angular, square, or
polygonal base, and
terminating in a
point at the top.

folds or wrinkles.
ling name for a cat.
POrse'-proud, a. Proud of wealth. PUST'U-LATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. Py-ram'i-dal,
of a pyramid.
PURS'ER, n. A commissioned officer
pustulare, -latum, fr. pustula, a pustramids.
who has charge of the provisions,
ule.]
To form into pustules.
clothing, &c, and of the public POst'ule. n.
[hat. pustula.] A pim- Pyr'a-mTd'I,

a. 1.

Pyrami d s

Having the form

moneys on shipboard.
POrs'i-ness, n. State of being pursy

a.
Having the
Pyr'a-mid'ic-al,
form of a pyraple containing pus.
mid pyramidal.
POst'u-LoDs, a. Having pustules.
Vvt,v. t. [put; putting.] [Allied Pyre, n. [Gr. trvpa, fr 7ri5p, fire.] A
funeral pile.
to W. pwtian. pwtiaw, to butt, poke,
PY-RI'TES., n. [Lat.,fr. Gr. Tn/pirrf?,
thrust.] 1. To thrust; to push.
2.
from -rrvp, fire, because iron pyrites
To place to lay to set. 3. To cause
;

a.

Done

hence, conformable

Pur-sue ',

in

consequence

according.
[-ed; -ing.]

[Fr.
poursuivre, Lat. prosequi, to follow.]
1. To follow with a view to overtake.
3. To
2. To use measures to obtain,

OR, do,

v.

t.

Relating to the py)

hence, shortness of breath.

PUR-sO'ANCE, n. 1. Act of pursuing.
2. State of being pursuant
.consequence.

Pur-su'ant,

2.

to be or exist in a specified relation.

To bring

to the attention of. 5.

To state in language to express. 6.
To incite to urge.
Syn.
To place. To put '& generic,
viz., to dispose of in any situation; to
4.

wolf, too, ZOOZl; URN. rue, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

gives sparks with steel.] A combination of sulphur with iron, copper,

cobalt, or nickel.
Py-rIt'I,
) a.
Pertaining to, or
Py-rit'I-al,
consisting of pyrites.
PYR'O-LIG'NE-oDs, a. [Gr. TrOp, nv-

c, G, soft; , g, hard;

AS

Exist

as

ng thi"
;

PYROLOGY

QUAKERISH

344

an ancient philosopher. a
Perand Lat. ligneus, wooden.] Pyr'O-TECH'nics, n. sing. [Gr. irvp,
taining to Pythagoras or his philosoThe
Procured by the distillation of wood,
irvpos, fire, and Te'xvrj, an art.]
phy.
[Pythagoras.
as a kind of acetic acid.
art of making fireworks pyrotechny.
Doctrines of
PYROL'O-GV, n. [Gr.trvp, 7rvpds,fire, Pyr'o-tech'nist, n. One skilled in Py-thag'o-rTsm, n.
[technics. P Jth'i-an, a. [Gr. Ilvflios, belonging
pyrotechny.
and Aoyos, discourse.] A treatise on
toPytho, the older name of Delphi.]
Leat or the natural history of heat. Pyr'o-tech'ny, n. Same as PyroPertaining to the Pythoness, or
PYR'O-MAN'CY, n. [Gr. irvpofjiavTeCa ; PYR'RHIC (plr'rik), n. I. (Pros.) A
priestess of Apollo, and to certain
foot consisting or' two short syllables.
irvp, 7rvp6s, fire, and ixavreCa, divina2. An ancient military dance.
games celebrated near Delphi.
tion.]
Divination by fire.
[From Pyth'o-ness, n.
Py-ROM'E-TER, n.
[Gr. irvp, 7rvpos, PYR'RHO-MSM (plr'ro-), n.
[See Pythian.]
"
Skepticism
universal
Fyrrho.]
The priestess who gave oracular anAn infire, and p-eVpov, measure.]
pds, fire,

strument

for

measuring high degrees

doubt.

PYR'O-TECH'NIC,
Pvr'o-tech'nic-al,

a. Pertaining
to fireworks,

)
J

One who doubts PYX,

n.

of every thing.
|

or Pv-thXg'ofollower of Pythagoras,

Pyth'a-go're-an,
RE'an.

or the art of forming them.

swers at Delphi, in Greece.

n. [Gr. 7rvi's, a box, esp. of boxwood, from 7rwos, box-tree or boxwood.]
(Rom. Cat/i. Church.) The
box in which the host is kept.

PYR'RHO-NtsT,

of heat.

n.

Q.
Q(ku),

the seventeenth letter of the QUAD'RATE, V. i. [-ED; -ING.] [See

Quadrate, a.] To agree to suit
English alphabet, has but one
to correspond.
[like, a square.
sound, which is the same as that of
Quad-rat'ic, a.
Pertaining to, or
See Prin. of Pron. 86.
k.
-ing.]
Quad'ra-ture
[Ger.
Quack, v. i. [-ed;
[See Quad(53), n.
rate, a.] 1. The finding of a square
quaken, Icel. qvaka, to twitter, sigh.]
2. To boast.
having the same area as a circle. 2.
1. To cry like a duck.
1. Cry of the domestic duck.
Position of one heavenly body in ren.
spect to another, when distant from
2. A boastful pretender to medical

quatuor, four.]
Fourfold; four
times told.
a. Four times the sum
or number.
[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.
To multiply by four.

fr.

QUAD-RU'PLI-CATE,

it

Empiric

Syn.

mountebank; char-

a.

Pertaining to quackery

used

ish.

QuAD

RA-GES'i-MA,n. [Lat., from

quadraginta, forty.] The forty days
/

of fast preceding Easter

Quad'ra-ges'i-mal,
to, or

used

in,

QUAD'RAN-GLE

a.

Lent.

Belonging

Lent.
(-r5ng-

quatuor, four, and annus,

Occurring once iu four ) ears.

and four

Quad'rant,

n.

a.

sides.

instrument for measuring altitudes, variously

a.

Pertaining to a

n.

[See infra.]

piece

[Lat.

Cf.

[A.-S.

QUELL.] To

be-

to shrink; to cower.

Fr.

qitaille,

0. H. Ger.

ciful.

Syn. Strange;

Quaint'ly, adv.
ner

whimsical; singular.

In a quaint man-

oddly

Quaint'ne'ss,

Quality of being
n.
quaint; affected art: oddness.
[-ed: -ing.1 [A.-S.
Quake, v. i.

cwacian.]
'

quatuor,

[0.

a. [O. Fr. cointe, cultivated,

agreeable fr. Lat. cognitus, acquainted, and partly fr. comptus, adorned,
elegant.]
1. Subtle; artificially elegant. 2. Showing excess of art. 3.
Odd and antique curious and fan-

syllable.]
syllables.
[Fr. quarteron, fr.
Offspring of a
at. quatuor, four.]
n.

die.

Quaint,

n.

QUAD'RU-MANE,

[-ed: -ing.]

i.

wahtala.] A bird closely allied to

the partridge of Europe.
B3f- In the United States the name is
used for rvffed [/rouse.

Consisting

or ka-driP), n.

mulatto and a white person.

n.

v.

cwelan, to

come quelled

Q uaur ilateral.

tuor, four, and syllaba,

word consisting of four

quadrant.

Quad'rat,

feet.

Quail,

QUAD-ROON',

constructed.

Quad-rant'AL,

quake, quiver, shake, and mire.]

Soft, wetland, that shakes under the

An

[See infra.] Trembling

foot, as soft, wet earth.
n.
[0. Eng. guag, to

under the

number represented by a unit

with 24 ciphers annexed according
to the French notation, a unit with
15 ciphers annexed.
QUAD'RI-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Lat. qua-

2.

QUAG'GY.o.

[Lat. quad-

QUAD'RI-LfT'ER-AL,

of.

and latus, la- Quag'MIRE,

the

[Lat.

quadrans,
a fourth
part,fr. quatuor, four.]
1. Quarter of a circle

an arc of 90.

drink copiously

ear.]

[Fr., fr. Lat. quadrula, dim. of quadra, a square.]

1. A game played by
four persons. 2. A kind of dance
with four couples in each set.
QUAD'RILL-ION, n. [Lat. quater, four
times, and L. Lat. miUio, a million.]
According to the English notation,

by

QUAD-RAN'GU-LAR,

a.

rilattrus ; quatuor, lour ,

teris, aside.] Having
four sides.
n.
plane figure having
four sides a quadrangular figure.

of four letters.

buildings.
angles,

QUA-DR'fLLE' (kwa-driK

court surrounded

[Lat. quadrien-

a.
[Lat. quatuor,
four, and litera, letter.]

gi),n. [L&t.quadrangulum ; quatuor, four, and

angulus, an angle.] 1.
plane figure having
four angles. 2. A square

a.

QUAD'RI-LAT'ER-AL,

by quacks.

QuXck/er-y, a. Practice of a quack.

Quack/ish, a. Like a quack trick-

make fourfold to quadruple.

QuAff, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [hr. coffir,
to intoxicate.] To drink down; to

90.

QUAD-REN'NI-AL,
nis

latan.

Four-fold.

n.

QUAD-RJj'PLI-CATE,r.<. [-ED;-1NG
[Lat. quad rupli care, -catum, fr. quatuor, four, and plicare, to fold.]
To

skill.

1.

To shake with

fear,

2. To shake or
cold, or emotion.
tremble, either from not being solid,

or from violent
An anifour, a*nd manus. a hand.]
Syn. To shake; quiver; shudder.
mal having four feet that correspond
QKAD'RATE, a.
[Lat. quadratics,
A tremulous agitation a
to the hands of a man, as a monkey.
n.
squared, fr. quatuor, four.] 1. Square. QUAD'RU-PED, a.
shake a shudder[Lat. quadrupes,
2. Divisible by four. 3. Even equal
1. One who quakes. 2.
-pedis,' from quatuor, four, and pes, Quak'ER, n.
exact.
4. Applicable
correspond.
An
One of the religious sect of Friends.
a foot.] Having four feet.
ent
n.
1. A square.
2. Same as
Quak'er-ish. a. Like, or pertainanimal having four feet.
QUARTILE.
QUAD'RU-PLE, a. [Lat. quadruplus,
ing to, a Quaker.
of type-metal placed between letters,
so as to leave a blank space.

convulsion.

A, E,

i,

o, u,

Yjong; A 5 ,I,6,u, y, short; cAre, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, trm; pique fIrm s6n
,

QUAKERISM
Quak'er-Ism,

Qual'1-FI'a-ble,
ing qualified

for by hawking.
3. [L. Lat. quadraria, quatraria, a quarry, whence
squared (quadrati) stones are dug.]

man-

Capable of be-

a.

place where stones are cut from

the earth for building or other purposes.
v. t.
[-ED -ING, 142.] To
dig or take from a quarry
QUART, n. [Lat. quarlus, quarta, the
fourth, fr. quatuor, four.] Fourth
part of a gallon.
Quar'tan, a. [Lat. quartanus ; quatuor, four.] Pertaining to the fourth
occurring every fourth day.
n. An
ague occurring every fourth day.

abatable.

QUAL'1-FI-SA'TION,

n.

1.

Act of

qualifying or condition of being qualEndowment or acquire2.

ified.

ment which fits for an office. 3. Restriction; abatement; diminution.

QUAL'1-FI.ED, p. a. Fitted by accomplishments or endowments; modified

limited.

Qual'i-FFER,
QUAL'I-FY,r.

n.

One who

QUAR'TER, n.

[Lat. quartarius,

from

quatuor, four.] 1. A fourth part of

any thing;
in specific uses, (a.)
The fourth of a hundred-weight, being 28 or 25 pounds. (6.) One limb
of a quadruped with the adjacent
parts, (c.) Part of a shoe from the
heel to the vamp,
(d.) A term of
study in a seminary, college, &c.
prop., a fourth part of the year, (e.)
A region a territory a district a

qualifies.

t.
[-ED; -ing, 142.]
[Lat. qualificare ; qualis, such, and
facere, to make.]
1. To make such
as is required to fit to supply with
legal power.
2. To reduce from a
general to a particular form to limit.
3. To abate
to diminish.
v. i. To
be or become qualified.
QUAL'1-TY (kwol'I-ty), n. [Lat. qualitas.]
1. Nature relatively considered. 2. Special or temporary character.
3. Distinguishing property,
characteristic, or attribute. 4. Superior birth or station.
(kwam), n.
[A.-S. ewe aim,
cwelm, death, slaughter, pestilence.]
1. A sudden attack of illness, faintness, or pain
especially, a sudden
;

QUENCH

345

Character,
ners, or_ tenets of the Quakers.
n.

locality.

Proper station

specific
place; assigned position; shelter.
v. t. [-ed : -ING. J
1. To divide into

Qualm

2.

a squarish form, corresponding t^

that formerly made by folding a
sheet twice
a.
Having the form
or size of a quarto.

Quartz

&

(kworts, 108), n. [M.

N.
ii. Ger. quarz.]
Pure silex.
Quash, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. quassare, to shake, shatter, intensive
form of quatere, to shake.] 1. Tc
beat down or in pieces. 2. To crush;
to subdue. 3. [0. Fr. quasser, from
Lat. cassare, to annul.] To abate,
annul, or make void.
Qua' si. [Lat.] As if in a manner
used as a prefix.
Quas'sia (kwosh/i-a or kwa.sh'1-a), n.
[From Quassy, or Quash, a negro,
who prescribed it.] A bitter wood
and bark employed in medicine.
QUA-TER'NA-RY, n. [Lat. quaternaries, consisting of four each, fr. qua-

The number

tuor, four.]

four.

a.

Consisting of four; by fours.

Qua-tr'ni-ON, n. [Lat. quaternio.]

1. The number four.
2. A set of
four parts, objects, or individuals.

QUAT'RAIN

[Fr.,'fr. quatre,

(42), n.

four.]
A stanza of four lines rhym
ing alternately.
four equal parts. 2. To furnish with
shelter or entertainment. 3. To bear Qtja'ver, v. i.
[-ED -ING.] [Allied
as an appendage to the hereditary
to L. Ger. quubbeln, to shake.
Cf.
arms.
Quiver.] 1. To tremble; to viv. i.
To lodge, [lowance.
fit of sickness at the stomach.
2. A
QUAR'TER-AGE, n. A quarterly albrate. 2. To shake the voice also,
scruple of conscience.
to produce a shake on a musical inQualm'ish (kwiim'ish), a. Sick at Quar'ter-day, n. A day regarded
as terminating a quarter of the year;
strument.
the stomach affected with nausea.
n.
1. A shake of the
Quan'da-ry, or Quan-da'ry(1T2),
voice, or on an instrument of musichence one on which rent becomes due
2. An eighth note.
n. [Corrupted fr. Fr. qu'en dirai-je ? Quar'ter-deck, n.
See EIGHTH.
That part of
what shall I say of it ?] A state of
the deck of a ship which extends Quay (ko), n. [See Key.] A mole
or bank toward the sea, or on the
difficulty or perplexity.
from the stern to the mainmast.
[quantity.
side of a river.
QuAN'Tf-TA'TiVE, a.
Relating to Quar'ter-ly,. 1. Consisting of a
QUAN'TI-TY, n. [Lat. quantitas, from
fourth part. 2. Recurring at the end Q.UEACH'y, a. [From queach, a modif.
of quick.] Trembling under the feet,
quantus, how great, how much.]
of each quarter of the ) ear.
n. A
as boggy ground.
1. Property of being capable of inperiodical work published four times
Quean, n. [A.-S. cwSne, woman,
crease and decrease, multiplication,
during a year.
adv. By quarters
harlot, allied to Gr. ywrj, a woman.]
and division that which answers the
once in a quarter of a year.
Alow woman a wench.
question " How much ?
In gram- Quar'ter-mas'ter, 7i. 1. An offimar, the relative time occupied in
cer who provides quarters, provis- Quea'si-ness, n. Nausea.
;

'

pronouncing a syllable.
2.
That
which can be increased, diminished,
or measured.
3. A certain portion
sometimes, a considerable amount.
QUAN'TUM, n. [Lat., from quantus.]
how great, how mucii.] Quantity.
QUAR'AN-TINE (110), n. [It. quaranlina, forty days, quarantine, fr. Lat.
quadraginta, forty.]
Term during
which a ship arriving in port.and suspected of being infected, is obliged to
forbear all intercourse with
the
shore
hence, inhibition of intercourse to a ship.

ions, clothing, transportation, &c,

for the army, and superintends the
supplies. 2. A petty officer who attends to the helm, signals, &c, un-

QuAR'REL

(kw6r'rel),n.

rela, querella,

1.

[Lat. que-

a complaint.

An angry

contest: a falling out.

RY.]

[SeeQuAR-

2.

A diamond-shaped pane of glass.

V.i.

[-ED,-ING; or -LED, -LING.

der the direction of the master.

n.
[Lat. quartarius, a
fourth part.] 1. The fourth part of
a pint a gill. 2. The fourth part
of a peck. 3. A loaf weighing about
four pounds.

Quar'tern,
;

QuAR'TER-SEs'SIONg
j

(-sesh'unz), n.

A general court of
criminal jurisdiction held quarterly.
QUAR'TER-STAFF, n. A stout staff
formerly used for defense
held by
one hand in the middle, and the
other half way between the middle
pi. (Ensc. Laiv.)

and end

QUAR-TET'

n.

[Tt.

quartetto,

Quea'sy,

[Icel. qveisa, belly-ache.]

a.

1. Sick at the stomach.

ious squeamish.

2. Fastid-

Queen,
See

[A.-S. cwen, wife, queen.

n.

Quean.]

A female

2.

1. Consort of aking.
sovereign of a kingdom.

Queen-dowager, the widow of a king.

v.

i.

To play the queen.

Queer,

a. [-er;-est.] [N. H. Ger.

queer, quer, cross, oblique, athwart,
A.-S. thweor.
Cf. Thwart.] Odd;

singular

whimsical.
adv. In an odd manner
whimsically.
Queer'ness, n. Oddity singularity.
Quell, v t. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S. ewelian,cwellan. See KILL.] 1. To subdue to put down. 2. To reduce tc
;

Queer'ly,

singularly

peace.
To dispute violently
to Quartette'.
dim.
of quarto,
Svn. To crush; overpower; quiet.
wrangle. 2. To find fault.
fourth.]
1. A musical composition
Quar'rel-sqme, a. Apt to quarrel.
Quench,
in four parts.
v. t.
[-ed
2. The four persons
-ing.] [A.-S.
QUAR'RY(kwor'rv), n. 1. [L&t. qua nvencan, allied to no-nan, to lanwho perform such a piece of music.
drum, something square.] An ar- Quar'tile, n. [Lat. quarlus, fourth.]
guish.]
1.
To extinguish; to put
row with a square head a lozengeout, as fire. 2. To put an end to, as
An aspect of the planets, when they
137.]

1.

shaped pane of glass

mond.
heart.]

6r, do,

2. [0. Fr. coree,

Game;

esp.

a glazier's diafrom Lat cor,

game hunted

are distant from each other 90.

n.; pi. QUAR'TOS. [Lat.,
A book of
fr. quartus, the fourth.]

QUAR'TO,

wolf, too, took; URN,RyE,pyLL;

E,

I,

something ardent or burning.

a.
Admitting of be-

Quench'A-ble

ing quenched.

csilent; c, &,soft; -e,G, hard; Aj exist;

as

ng

this.

QLTENCHABLE
Quench'less,

QUIRE

346

Incapable of be-

2. To wind
2. To
v. i. 1. To become alive.
ing quenched.
on a quill.
move with rapidity.
Quer'91T-ron, n. [Ft., fr. Lat. quer- QuiCK'JEN-ER, n. One who, or that QuIll/ing, n. A narrow trimming,
cus, an oak, and citrus, citron -tree.]
in folds, resembling a row of quills.
which, quickens.
Bark of the black oak, or dyer's oak. Qu'lCK'LiME, n.
[Cf. Lat. culcita, a bed,
Any carbonate of QulLT, ii.
QUER'l-MO'NI-otfs, a.
[Lat. quericushion.] A cover or garment made
lime deprived of its carbonic acid and
monia, a complaint.] Apt to comby
quilting.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
aqueous matter.
plain.
stitch together with some soft and
Quick'ly, adv. Speedily soon.
Querist (89), n. [Lat. quserere, to Quick'ness, n. 1. Rapidity of mowarm substance between.
peek, to inquire.] One who inquires.
QulNCE, n. [From Cydon in, in Crete.,7
2. Activity.
3. Acuteness of
tion.
(tJUER'y-LOUS, a. [Lat. querulus.] 1.
A small tree, and its acid fruit.
perception. 4. Pungency.
Habitually complaining. 2. Express- QuTck'sand, n. Sand readily yield- QuiN'CUNX, n. [Lat., fr. guingue, five,
ing complaint.
and
uncia, an ounce.] Arrangement
ing to pressure especially loose or
QuE'RY (89), n. [Lat. qusere, imperaof things, especially of trees, by fives
moving sand mixed with water.
tive of guserere, to seek for.] A ques- Qui'ck'set, r. t. To plant with living
in a square, thus, *.*
To make
v. i.
tion an inquiry.
shrubs or trees for a hedge.
a. QuI'nine, or Qui'-NlNE', n. [Sp. qui[-ED; -ING, 142.]
inquiry, v. t.
Made of quickset.
nina, fr. guina, or quinaguina, Peru1
To inquire into. 2. To doubt of. QuiCK'SIL-VER, n. [Eng. quick and
vian bark.] 1. An alkaloid obtained
QUEST, n. [Lat. quxrere, quxsitum to
silver ; -^- from its fluidity .]
Mercufrom cinchona. 2. A salt cf quinine,
seek for.] Act of seeking search.
See Mercury.
[march.
used as a tonic and febrifuge.
ry.
Ques'tion (kwest'yun, 66), n. [Lat. QuiCK'STEP, n.
A lively, spirited Qui'N/QUA-GES'I-MA, a. [Lat.; quinquxstio, from quxrere, to seek for.] Quick'-wit'ted. a.
Having ready
quagesimus, the fiftieth.] Fiftieth.

small ridges like quills.

interrogation. 2.
1. Act of asking
3. InvestigaDiscussion; debate.
;

tion.

That which

4.

is

asked;

query. 5. A subject of investigation.

Sys.-> Interrogatory inquiry; exam;

ination; trial; dispute; doubt.

wit.

[cud.

Quid, n.
A portion to be chewed
Quid'di-ty, n. [L. Lat. quidditas,

fr.

Lat. quid, what.] 1. Essence of a

thing. 2. A trifling nicety.
Qu'jd'dle (kwid'dl), v. i.
[-ED
-ING.] [Lat. quid, what.] To waste
time in trifling employments
to
;

v.

i.

tions.

[-ED
v.

t.

1.

-ING.] To ask quesTo inquire of by ask-

Qwnquagesima Sunday, the Sunday

which is about the fiftieth day before
Easter.

QUIN-QUAN'GU-LAR

(-kwjlugM,

a.

[Lat. qvinquangidus, from guingue,

five, and angulus, angle.]
Having
five angles.
QUIN-QUEN'NI-AL, a. [Lat. quinquen-

nalis; fr. guingue, five, and annus,

dawdle.
year.]
Occurring once in five 3 ears,
Quid'dle, ) n. One who spends time
or lasting five years.
QuiD'DLER, J in trifling niceties.
Syn. To interrogate;
inquire for the sake of information as, QUID'NUNC, n.
[Lat. guingue,
[Lat., What now?] Quin'Que-valve, a.
to inquire one's way. We question with
five, and valva, leaf, fold, valve.]
One curious to know all that passes.
closeness in order to gain the whole
Having
five valves.
[-ed
Qui-ESOE',
i.
[Lat.
v.
-ing.J
truth; as, to question a messenger as to
all the particulars.
quiescere, fr. guies, rest.]
To be si- QuiN'SY,tt. [Contracted fr. sguinan"We interrogate by

ing questions.

To

2.

To doubt

3.

of.

treat as not entitled to confidence.

"We
inquire.
;

asking questions repeatedly, and often

with authority.

Ques'tion-a-ble
a.

(kwgst'yun-a-bl),
Liable to be called in question.

Syn. Disputable; controvertible; debatable; doubtful; suspicious.

lent, as

letter.

Qui-es'cence,

n.
1. Rest; repose.
1L Silence, as of a letter.

Qui-ES'CENT,

[Lat. quiescens.]

a.

Being in a state of repose

1.

2.

still.

cy.]
Inflammation of the throat or
parts adjacent, with fever.
n.
[Lat quintus, the fifth.] A
sequence of five, as in piquet.
QulNT'AL, n. [Ar. Icintar, a weight of
.100 lbs., fr. Lat. centum, a. hundred.]
A hundred weight.

Quint,

Not ruffled with passion.

3.
Not
QUES'TION-ER (kwgst'yun-), n. One
sounded silent mute.
who asks questions an inquirer.
[Lat. guinln
Qui'ET, a. [-ER;-EST.] 1. Being in Quin-TES'sence, n.
Ques'tion-less (kwest'yuu-), adv.
essentia, fifth essence.] Pure or cona state of rest. 2. Free from disturbDoubtless; certainly.
centrated essence.
ance. 3. Not giving offense or trouble.
QUES'TOR, n. [Lat. quxstor, contr. fr.
Quin'tes-sen'tial, a. Consisting of
Syn. Still; calm; smooth.
;

quxsitor, from queerer?, to seek, ask.]

{Rom. Antiq.) A public treasurer.
(ku), n.
[Fr.]
See Cue.
QUIB, n. [Prob. an abbrev. of quibble.]
A sarcasm a bitter taunt a quip.
QuIb'ble (kwTb'bl), n. [Prob. fr. Lat.

Queue

gitidlibet,

what you

please.]

1.

An

quintessence.

[Lat. guies, quietis.] 1. State

n.
of a thing not in motion repose. 2.
tranFreedom from disturbance
quillity. v. t. [-ed;-ing.] 1. To
to apstop motion in. 2. To calm
;

pease.

QuiN-TET',

Quin-tette',

[From Lat. quin-

n.
tats,

composition for
struments.

QuiNT'ILE,
fifth

fifth.]

(Mus.)

guintus,

[Lat.

n.

guingue,

the

five voices or in-

five.]

the

The aspect

c:'

Qui'ET-lgM, ii. 1. Peace or tranquilplanets when distant from each other

lity of mind.
2. S.,steni of the Quithe fifth part of the zodiac, 01 72.
etists, who maintained that religion
Quin-till'ion (-yun), n. [Lat. guinconsists in repo.-e of the mind, emtus, the fifth.] According to the EngTo pun to practice punning.
ployed in contemplating God.
[tics.
Qui'B'bler, n. One who quibbles.
lish notation, a unit with 30 ciphers
Quick (kwik), a. [-er; -est.] [A.-S. Qui'ET-isT, n. One of a s ct of mysannexed according to the Fr. notaIn a quiet state or
cwic] 1. Alive; living.
tion, a unit with 18 ciphers annexed.
2.
Ani- Qui'et-ly, adv.
manner.
mated sprightly. 3. Speedy swift.
QUIN'TU-PLE, a.
[Lat. quintuple*;
fr. guintus, fifth, and pi care, to fold.'
Qui'et-ness, n. State of being quiet.
Syx. Expeditious
rapid
brisk
nimble; hasty.
Multiplied by five
fivefold.
Qui'e-tude (30), n. Rest quiet.
v. t.
adv. 1. With haste; speedily. 2. Qui-e'tus, n. [Lat.] Rest; repose;
[-ED -ING.] To make fivefold.
"Without delay.
Qu/P, n. [See QuiB.] A smart, sarhence, a final discharge.
n.
1.
A living
animal or plant especially, the haw- QuIll, n
castic turn
a taunt
a retort.
[M. II. Ger. Ml, allied to
thorn or quickset. 2. Living flesh
v.t. [-ped -ping.] To taunt.
Lat. caulis, a stalk, a quill.] 1. A
hence, anv sensitive part.
large, strong feather:
used for writv. i.
To scoff.
QuICK'jEN (kwlk'n), v. t. [-EC -ING.]
ing-pens, &c. 2. A pen. 3. A spine, Quire, n. 1. [See Choir.] A choir.
[See Quick.] 1. To make alive: to
0. Fr. quayer, cater, a book
as of a porcupine. 4. A piece of reed,
2. [Fr.
vivify,
of loose sheets, fr. L. Lat. quatemium,
2. To make lively or active.
on which weavers wind thread. 5.
3. 1o make rapid
to accelerate.
sheets of paper packed by turns, fr.
Tube of a musical instrument.
v.
t.
[-EDj-iNG.] 1. To form with
Lat. quaterni, four each, by fours.]
Syx. To revive; incite; hasten.
evasion; a cavil. 2. A pun.
v.i.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To evade the point
in question by artifice or conceit. 2.
:

a. e,

i,

o,u, y,long; a,e, Ij6, G, t, short; care, far, Ask, all,

what; ere,

veil,

sbk pique
5

firm; s6n.

QUIRK
QulRK

(18), n.

[Allied to queer.]

RACKING

347

Twenty-four sheets of paper, each

having a single fold.

To shake with

vivid.]

slight

the members of any body as is com

petent to transact business.
QUO'TA, n. [Lat. quota, fr. quotus,
which or what in number, how
many.] A proportional part or share.
QUOT'A-BLE, a. Capable or worthy ot
being quoted.

and

tremulous motion.

Qui vive

1.

sudden turn
hence, an artful
evasion. 2. A smart retort.
QulT (kwTt), V. t.
[QUIT or QUITTED QUITTING.] [L. Lat. quitare.

and

(ke vev). [Fr., fr. qui, who,

vive, lives.]
The challenge of a

French sentinel, To what party do

you belong? corresponding to, Who
goes there?

Quo-TA'TION,. [Ft. quote.] 1. Ac';

Quix-OT'IC, a.
Like Don Quixote
of quoting. 2. A passage quoted. 3
romantic to extravagance.
Specification of the price o.
Quiz n. [A word of no meaning, once
( Com
commodities.
chalked on the Avails of Dublin in pursuance of a wager.] 1. A riddle an Quote (kwot), v. t. [-ed -ing.] [C

quittare, fr. Lat. quietus, quiet.]

1.
release from obligation, accusation, or the like
to acquit.
2. To

To

conduct. 3. To discharge as a duty.

4. To depart from; to forsake.
a.
Released; free; clear; absolved.
G31- Sometimes used in the form quits,

enigma.
3.

colloquially; as, to be quits with one, to

One who

2.

An odd

-zing.]

1.

be even with him.

2. To peer at.
of, by deceiving.
QuYt'CLAIM, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Eng. Quiz'ZI-AL, a. Comical. [Colloq.]
quit and claim.] To relinquish a Quud' Li-BET, n.
[Lat.. what you
please.]
claim to by deed.
n. A relinquishA subtilty.
ment of a claim a deed of release.
QuoiF (kwoif), n. [See Coif.] A cap
QUITE, adv.
[Fr. quitte, discharged,
or hood a coif.
clear.
See Quit, a.] 1. Complete- Quoin (kwoin or koin), n. [See Coin.]
entirelv.
especially
ly
2. To a great degree
1. Any external angle
;

the external angle of a building. 2.

A small wedge, used for various pur-

considerably.

QUIT'RENT,

rent reserved in
grants ofland, by payment of which a
tenant is quit from all other service.
QuiT'TANCE, n.
1. Discharge from
a debt acquittance. 2. Recompense
n.

poses.
Quoit (kwoit), n. [D. koot,_ 0. D. kote,
A circular ring
die, knuckle-bone.]
or fiat stone, to be pitched at a mark.
1\ /.
To play at quoits.
Having been
QUON'DAM, a. [Lat.]

repayment.

QUIVER,
0. H.
for
[Cf.

n.
[0. Fr. cuivre, couire, fr.
Ger. koehar, kohhar.]
case

arrows

v.

QUAVER;

[-ED

i.

also, 0. D.

formerly

QUO'RUM

-ING.]
quicker,

qui,

former.
[Lat., gen. pi. of

n.

(89),

" of whom."]

Lat. quotus. See supra.

as a passage from some
2. To name the price of.

Fr. quoter,

quizzes others.

v.t. [-zed;
To puzzle to make sport
fellow,

Such a number of

1.

To

fr.

cite,

author.

Syn.
To cite. To cite was originally to call into court as a witness, &c;
and hence the word denotes something
very specific and exact in adducing evidence. Quote is used in a more loose and
general way, often expressing an appeal
to some one as an authority, without repeating his exact words.

Quoth

(kwoth or kwfith),

v.

i.

cwedhan,imri. cwadli.] Said

used in the

first

and

[A.-S.

spoke

third persons

in the past tenses.

QUO-TID'I-AN,
fr.

quotus,

a.

[Lat. quotidianus

how many, a:id

r/<>.s,day.]

Occurring daily.
n. A fever whose
paroxysms return every day.
[Lat.
QUO'TIENT (kwo'shent), n.
quoties, how often.]
The number

resulting from the division of one

number by another.

R.
the eighteenth letter of the
alphabet, is a liquid or semivowel. See Prin. of Pron., 87-89.
Rab'bet, v. t. [-ed; -ING.]
[Cf.
Fr. raboter, to plane, robot, a plane.]
1. To cut, as the edge of a board,
that it may form a joint with another board, similarly cut, by lapping,
2.
To lap and unite the edges of, as
boards, &c.
n.
A
[See supra.]
cut made upon the edge of a board,
to fit it to another board.
Rab'BI (rXb'bt or rab'bT), n.; pi.
RAB'BIS, or rab'bies. [Heb. rabi,
my master.] Master"; lord; sir;
a title of a Jewish doctor of the law.
Rab'bin, n. Same as Rabbi.
Rab-BI\'I,
Pertaining to
la.
Rab-bin'ic-al,
tap rabbius, or to
their opinions, learning, &c.

in

R(ar),

Rab'BIN-lst,

m.

Talmud and

to the

.lew

who adhered

the traditions of

the rabbins.

Eab'BIT,

n.
[0. D. robbe, robbeken.]
small burrowing animal, resembling the hare.

Rab'ble,

n. [0. Fr. rapaille, fr. raper,

life

and manners;

term of

contempt.

RA-coon',

[Fr.
raton, a little rat,

North

Ra-HI'TIS,
j/oa-os), fr.

American

aniptal,

allied

tion

to

n.

and curvature of the spine

the

rickets.

Race,

disposition.
4.
root.
5. [A.-S.
rses, Icel. rasa, to run.] Rapid course
or motion. 6. A running in competition.
7. A strong current of water,
or the passage for such a current.
v.i. [-ED
-ing.] To run swiftly

contend in running.
cause to run rapidlv.
to

v.

t.

To

n.
A horse kept for
in contest.
Rac'e-mA'tion, n. [Lat. racematio.]

running

cluster or bunch.

RAC/E-MfF'ER-oi"JS, a. [Lat. ra-emus,

raceme, and/fwe, to bear.] Bearing
racemes.

racemvs, a bunch

of berries, a cluster of grapes.]

flower-cluster, as in the currant.

6r,do wolf TOOjTOOII; URN, RUE, PULL;

E,

I,

o, silent;

tending any thing esp. one used for

A frame-work for various
purposes. 3. Pace of a horse in which
the two legs on each side are moved
;

torture. 2.

together. 4. A straight-toothed bar,

to work in the teeth of a wheel or
pinion. 5. [Cf. A.-S. racu, rain. Cf.
REEK.] Thin, flying, broken clouds.
1. To stretch or strain ; esv. t.
pecially to stretch on the rack. 2
To torment to torture. 3. To draw
v. i.
off from the lees, as wine, &c.
[-ED -ING.] To travel with a quick
amble to steam to rise, or fly, as
vapor or broken clouds.
Rack'et, 11. [It. racchetta, for retichetta, fr. Lat. rete, a net.] 1. A sort
of hoop, across which a net -work is
stretched. 2. A snow-shoe. [ Canada.]
[ating.
3. A clattering noise ; din
Rack'ing, a. Tormenting; excruci-

Raoe'-horse,

n. [Lat.

Quality of being racy.

[Ger. reck : recken, to stretch,

1.
A.-S. rsecan, r&ccan, to reach.]
An instrument for stretching or ex-

Raccoon.

Descend-

ants of a common ancestor. 2. Peculiar

or
characteristic
flavor;
smack. 3. Characteristic quality or

ii.

Rack, n.

n. 1. [From
0. H. Ger. reiza,

line.]

Furious; mging: mad.

RabId-ness, n. State of being rabid.
RA'-eA, a. [Heb.] Worthless; loose
;

[Gr. pdxi-s,

[Gr. pa^iTi? (scpax^s, spine.] Inflamma-

Ra'ci-ness,

the' bear.

RA-CEME',

rage.]

a.

to grate, to wear out.]

A crowd of
vulgar, noisy people a mob.
Rab'id, a.
[Lat. rabidus, fr. rabies,
;

races

Pertaining to rachitis

rickety.

a raccoon.]
A
small carnivorous
.

Ra'CER, 11. One who

RA-HlT're (-kit'ik),
the spine.]

n.

^,G,soft; ,&,hard; ; E^IST

NasNG;

THIS.

RACK-RENT
RXck'-rent,

rent

raised to the utmost.

RA'CY,a.

[-ER; -EST.] [From race]

1. Tasting of the soil
hence, fresh
rich. 2. Exciting to the mental taste
by a strong, distinctive character.
;

Syn. Spicy. Racy refers primarily

to that strong and peculiar flavor which
certain wines derive from the soil; and
hence, we call a style or production racy
when it "smacks of the soil," or has an
uncommon decree of freshness and distinctiveness ot thought and language.
Spicy, when applied to style, has reference to that pungency which belongs to
the aromatics of the East.

RXp'dle,

v.

[From

t.

reed.]

To

in-

terweave to twist together.

n.
long stick used in hedging.
2.
Jiedge formed by interweaving.
;

ness.
brilliancy; splendor.

RA'DI-ANT,

a. [Lat. radians, emitting

rays or beams.] Emitting rays of
emiiting a vivid light
light or heat
[splendor.
or splendor.
Ra'DI-ant-LY, adv. AVith glittering
;

which

in

the parts are arranged uniformly

all

line

around the longitudinal axis of the

Rail'er, n. One who rails.

RAil'ing, n.
1. A series of

>v

fence.

of a circle to the pe-l

2. Exterior V
riphery.
bone of the fore-arm.

RA'DIX,n.
I-pit$.

pi.

RAD'-

1^^.

To engage in a raffle.
n.
kind of lottery, in which several
persons deposit a part of the value
of something, and it is determined
by chance which of them shall berafter, spar.]

A collection of boards, planks, &c,

fastened together, to serve as a support on the water.
r. t.
[-ED
-ING.] To carry on or in a raft.
RAft'er, n. [A.-S.rafttr. See Raft.]
A roof-timber of a building.
RXg, n. [Gael, raz, a rag, wrinkle,
allied to Gr. pdcos, A.-S. i.racod,
raked, ragged.] 1. A piece of cloth
torn off. 2. pi. Mean or tattered attire. 3. A coarse kind of rock, some-

Syn. Entire. A

radical cure, reform, &., is one which goes to the root

of the thing in question; entire would
imply that it extended to every part of
the system referred to.

n.

1. A primitive word
a root.
One who advocates extreme mea;

sures in reformation. 3. A chemical

element that may be transferred from
one combination to another in exchange for one or more atoms of hydrogen or its representatives.
Rad'I-AL.-Ism, n. Doctrine or principle of radicals.
RXd'I-AL-LY, adv. At the origin or
root fundamentally.
Rad'i-cate, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
radicari, -catus ; radix, root.]
To
root. _
[root deeply.
RXd'i-ga'TION, n. Process of taking
RXp'l-LE (rad'i-kl), n. [Eat. radicula,
dim. of radix, root.] Rudimentary
stem of a plant.
RXd'ish, n.
[Lat. radix, radicis, a
:

A, E,

I,

paltry fellow.
rabies.]

lence.

3.

Syn.

Violent
furious

Subject of eager desire.

See Anger.

[-ED; -ING.] 1. To be fu2. To be violent

rious with anger.
and tumultuous. 3. To prevail without restraint.
Eag'ged (60), a. [From rag.] 1. Being in tatters. 2. Eroken with rough
3. Wearing tattered
[ragged.
State of being
n.
loose overcoat with
large sleeves
so called from Lord
Raglan.
[or deals in rags.
RXG'MAN (150), n. man who collects
/
Ra-GOUT' (ra-gob ), n. [Fr. ragofit,
from ragotxter, to restore one's appetite.]
Fragments of meat, mixed,

edges

jagged.

O,v,\,long; A,E,I, 6,

tt,

RXg'ged-NESS,
Rag'LAN. n. A
;

stewed, and highly searoned.

n.
A wheel with projecting pins on the rim, which fit into the links of a chain.
RAID, n.
[A.-S. rad, a riding, from
ridan, to ride.] A hostile or predatory incursion, esp. of mounted meu.
RAIL, n. [0. II. Ger. rigil, rigel, bar,
bolt.] 1. A piece of timber, iron, or
other substance, extending from one
2. A bar of
support to another.
iron, on which the wheels of railway
carriages roll. 3. [Fr. rale ; allied to
v. t.
Eng. rattle.] A certain bird.
[-ED -ING.] To inclose with rails.
v. i. [Fr. railler, to bluster, scold.

RXg'- wheel,

Y, sAor*;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

n.
[Abbrev. from array*
Clothing in general
gar-

ment.]
ments.

Rain,

-ing.] [See Rain,

n.] To fall in drops from the clouds,
as water.
v.t. To pour or shower
down.
[A.-S. regen, ren, Goth.
n.
rign, Jcel. regn, allied to Icel. rak,
humor.] Water falling in drops from
the clouds.
RAlN'Eow,n. A many-colored arch,
formed by refraction and reflection of
the sun's ray s in drops of falling rain
v.

[-ed

i.

Rain'-gauge,

11.
An instrument for
measuring the quantity of rain that

falls in

a given time.

Rain'y, a.
Abounding with rain;
wet showery.
Raise, v. t.
[-ed -ing.]
[A.-S.
;

rasiav, fr. r'isan, to rise.] 1. To cause

to rise; to bring from a lower to a
higher place
used also in various
derived senses.
2. To cause to rise
up, or assume an erect position or
posture. 3. To cause to arise, grow
up, or come into being or to appear
to give rise to. 4. To make light and
spongy, as bread.
RAl's/N (ru'zn), n. [From Lat. raremus. See Raceme] A dried grape.
RAls'iNG, v. Act of lifting, setting
up, elevating, exalting, producing,
or restoring to life.
(n/zo-na'), a. [Fr.] Arranged analytically or sj stematically.
RA'JAH, or Ra'JAH, n. [Hind, raja,
from Skr. radj, to shine, rule.] A
[India.]
native prince or king.
Rake, n. 1. [A.-S. race, from Icel.
instrument
to
scrape.]
An
for
raka,
collecting hay or other light things.
2. [Cf. Ger. racker, a cur, villain, rascal.]
A loose, disorderly, vicious
man. 3. [Cf. A.-S. rsecan, to reach.]
Inclination of a mast from a perpen[-ED
direction.
v. t.
dicular
-ING.] 1. To smooth, gather, &c,
;

1.

anger accompanied with

words or action.
2. Extreme vio-

v.i.

RAl'MENT,

clothes-.

oughgoing; extreme.

2.

[Lat.

[Fr. rail-

\^_^/

[Lat., root.]

or rank.]

rails

rails.

(raPler-y), n.

from railler.
See RAIL, v. i.J
Good-humored pleasantry banter.
v.
A road or way on
Rail' way,
which iron rails aro
laid for wheels to run on.

Rail'road,

A primitive word, from which

spring other words a root. 2. Fundamental number of any system.
Raf'fle,^. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr.
rafter, to carry, or sweep away.
See

RAGE,n.

Materials for

ler ie,

1.

come sole possessor.

Raft, n. [Icel. rqftr, a

2.

RXlL'LER-Y

what cellular.
a.
Formed of rays divergbody.
RXg'A-MUFF'in, n. [Eng. rat;, and
ing from a center.
Prov. Ger. rnvjfev, to smell musty
Ra'di-ate, v. i. [-ed;-ing] [Eat.
radiare, -atum, fr. radius, ray.] 1.
To issue in direct lines, as heat or
light.
2. To emit ra^ s
to be radiant.
v.t.
To emit or send out
lines,
direct
as
heat.
in
Ra'di-a'tion, n. Emission and diffusion of rays, as of light.
^RA'DI-A/TOR, n. That which radiates
or emits rays, as of heat.
RXd'I-CAL, a. [Lat. radix, radio's, a
root.]
1. Pertaining to, or proceeding directly from, the root. 2. Pertaining to the root or origin thor-

To use insolent and

reproachful language.

^^

Aright/

1.

Rally.]

Cf.

from the center/

An animal

Radial.]

RAPE.]

a.
[From Lat. radius, a
rod, spoke.] Pertaining to a
radius, or to the fore-arm.
Ra'M-ance, n. Quality of being
Ra'DI-AN-cy, ] radiant vivid bright-

n.

Ra'di-Ds, ./ Lat. pi.

[Lat. See
RA'DI-I.

staff,

Ra'dt-ate,

cultivated
root, esp. a radish.]
plant, the root of which is eaten raw.

1.

Ra'DI-AL,

Syx. Luster;

RALLY

348

An annual

n.

RATSONNE

with a

r:;ke.

2.

To scour

to ranto fire in a di:

3. To enfilade
sack.
rection with tlie length of.
1. Act of using a rake.
n.
2. Quantity of hay, &c, collected by
using a rake once.
;

Rak'ing,

Lewd debauched.
Rak'ish, a.
1.
2. Having a great backward inclina;

tion of the masts.

RXl'ly,

[-ed; -ing, 142.] 1.

v. t.
To collect and reduce
[Fr. rattier.]
to reunite. 2.
to order, as troops
[See Rail.] To attack with raillery.
1. To assemble; to unite.
v. i.
;

3. To use pleasan1. Act of bringing disorranks. 2. Extroops

to
their
dered

2.

To

try.

WHAT; ERE,

recuperate.

n.

VEIL, TGil(riQUE, FIRM," s6n

RAM

Having

violent, extravagant language. ^~ n.

RAREFACTION

349

of satirical merriment.
3.
A regaining of lost strength.
Ram, h. [A.-S.] 1. Male of the sheep
and allied animals. 2. An engine of
war, used for battering; a vessel,
armed with a heavy beak. 3. A machine for raising water.
r. t.
[-med; -MING.] 1. To strike against,
like a ram
to drive with violence.
2. To fill by pounding or driving.
Ixam A- DAN' (110). n. [Ar.,prop. the
ercise

The ninth Mohamme-

hot month.]

;
;

dan month, or a great

through the month.

fast,

kept

RXn'CID, a. [Lat. rancidus.]

a rank smell sour musty.
;

Quality of being

n.

rancid.
RXn'cor (rank'ur), n. [Lat. rancor,
rancidity, rancor.] The deepest malignity
inveterate hatred.
)

Enmity and rancor

Enmity.
Syit.
both describe hostile feelings but enmity
may be generous and open, while rancor
It imis deep-seated and malignant.
plies personal malice of the worst and
most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our language to express
;

hostile feelings.

RXm'ble

(ram'bl),!-. i. [-ED -ING.]

[Cf. Ger. rammeln, to tumble, romp

RXn'cor-ous

or Lat. re-ambulare Eng. as if reamble, or it may be a dim. of roam.}

To go from place to place, without

RXN'DOM,

of rancor

violence
tremity.]

(rank/ur-us),
evincing rancor.

fr.

Full

a.

randim, force,
margin, ex-

[A.-S.

n.
;

empty declamation.
n.
A noisy talker; a boisterous preacher.
RXp, v. i. or t. [-PED -PING.] [A.-S.
hrepian, hreppian, to touch, H. Ger.
raffen, to snatch up.] To strike with
v. t.
[-ped;
a quick, sharp blow.
-PING.]
[See supra.] 1. To snatch
away. 2. To affect with ecstasy or
rapture.
A quick, smart blow.
n.
Boisterous,

Ran-cid'i-TY,
Ran'cid-ness,

Icel. fond,

RAnt'er,

RA-PA'CIOUS, a. [Lat. rapax, rapacis,

from rapere, to snatch away.] 1.
2. Subsisting on
Given to plunder.
[manner.

prey.

Ra-pa'cious-ly, adv. In a rapacious

Ra-pa'cious-ness, n. Quality of being rapacious.

1. Rapaciousness
haz- Ra-pXc'i-ty, n.
ravenousness. 2. Exorbitant greediany object in view.
a.
ard; chance. 2. Range; reach.
ness of gain.
Syn. To rove; roam; range; stroll.
Done without settled aim.
1. [L. Ger. & D. rapen, to
-ing.]
[Fr. RAPE,n.
n.
A going from place to place Range, v. t. [-ed
snatch away.
See Rap.]
Sexual
1. To
ranger, from rang, a row.]
without any determinate object.
intercourse
with a woman against her
sysorder
dispose
in
the
proper
or
in
R.\M'BLER L n. One who rambles.
will. 2. [Gr. paTrus, pd<f>vs.] A plant
tematic order. 2. To rove or pass
RXM'I-FI-CA'TION, n. [See Ramify.]
belonging to the cabbage tribe.
over.
3. To sail or pass in a direc1. Process of branching.
2. A small
1. RXp'ID, a. [Lat. rapidus, from rapere,
tion parallel to or near.
v. i.
division a subordinate branch
1. Yery swift or
to snatch away.]
direcwander
without
restraint
or
To
Ram'i-fy, V. t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]
quick. 2. Advancing with speed.
2. To be placed in order
to
tion.
[Lat. ramus, a branch, and facer e,
A
sudden
descent
of a stream
n.
in
admit
arrangement.
3.
To
be
of
to make.] To divide into branches
without actual waterfall
usually
n 1 A row of things
a line with
or parts.
v. i.
1. To shoot into
pi.
in
the
[being
rapid.
3.
a
line.
2.
An
order
a
class.
in
branches. 2. To be divided or sub1.

roving motion

[rams or drives.
Ri5l'MER,n. One who, or that which,
divided,

RXm'mish,

Ram-like;

a.

rank;

strong-scented.

Ra-mose'
Ra'MOUS,

(125),

[Lat.

a.

ramosus

ramus, a branch.]
J
Branched, as a stem or root.
RXMP, t>. i. [-ED ; -INS.] [Et. ramper, to creep, 0. Fr. to climb.]

climb, as a plant.

bound;
leap

Ramp' AGE,
or passion

2.

To spring

n.
[

RXmp'an-cy,

To
to

romp.
n.
A
a bound.
A state of excitement

to frolic; to

a spring

1.

Pro v Eng ]
Quality or state of
.

n.

being rampant.

RXmp'ant,

rampant, p. pr.
of ramper, to creep, to be servile.] 1.
Springing or climbing unchecked
a.

[Fr.

exuberant. 2. Overleaping restraint.

3. (Her.) Standing upright on his

hind

legs.

RXM'pXrt,

remwhich fortifies

[Fr. rempart, fr.

n.

parer, to fortify.] That

and defends from

assault.

cooking apparatus. 4. A wandering or roving. 5. Compass or extent

6. Horizontal distance to
scope.
which a projectile is carried. 7.
That which may be traversed or
[ges.
ranged over.
Ran'ger (ranker), n. One who ranRank, n. [0. H. Ger. firing, a cir1. A row or
cle, a circular row.]
opposed
line. 2. A line of soldiers;
grade.
4. An
3. Degree
to fie.
order a division. 5. High degree
v. t.
[-ED
high social position.
1. To place in a line.
2.
-ING.]
3. To take precedence
To class.
outrank.
i.
v.
1.
To
be
of; to
ranged or placed. 2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation.
[A.-S. fane.
Cf.
a. [-ER; -est.]
Rancid.] 1. Luxuriant in growth.
2. Raised to a high degree.
3. Yery
4. Rancid; sour;
rich and fertile.
musty. 5. Strong to the taste.
RXnk/le (rank'l), v. i. [-ed -ING.]
[From rank, a.] 1. To grow more
rank or strong to be inflamed. 2.

Ra-pid'i-ty, n.

Quality or state of
RXp'id-ly, adv. With great speed.
Rap'id-ness, n. Swiftness speed.
RA'PI-ER, n. [Fr. rapiere, fr. L. Gerrapen, rappen, to snatch away, to
fight.]
A light sword with a very
;

narrow blade.

RXp'INE,
to seize

dering

n.

[Lat. rapina,

and carry

RXp'pa-ree',

wild

Irish

[See

n.

rapere,

pillage.

Rapier.]

fr.

Act of plun-

off.]

spoliation

plunderer

so

called

from his half-pike.

Rap-pee',

cally,

n.

[Fr. rape, fr. raper, to

snuff.

A kind of

grate.]

RXp'PER,

n.

One who raps

specifi-

the knocker of a door.

RAPT, imp.
RXpt'ure

of Rap.
(rapt'yur, 53), n.
[Lat.
rapere, raptum, to carry off by force.]
State of being carried away from
one's self by agreeable excitement
extreme joy or pleasure.
RXpt'ur-ous, a.
Ecstatic; transporting ravishing.
;

RARE (4). a. [-ER -EST ] [Lat. rarampart of a

1. Not thick or
rus, thin, rare.]
To become more violent.
fortress is the entire wall which surdense; thin.
2. Thinly scattered;
rounds it a bulwark is more properly RXnk'ly, adv. With vigorous growth.
something which projects (as a bastion) Rank'ness, n. State of being rank.
dispersed.
3. Seldom met with unfor the defense of the main work. Hence
usual. 4. Unusually excellent.
we speak of a distinguished individual Ran'sack, v, t. [-ed -ING.] [Goth.
Stn. Scarce; incomparable. We call
razn, house, and sdkia, to seek.] 1.
as the bulwark, not the rampart of the
a thing rare when but few of the kind are
state.
To search thoroughly. 2. To pillage
ever to be met with. We speak of a thing
RXm'rod, n. The rod used in ramcompletely.
as scarce, which, though usually abundming down the charge in a fire-arm. RXn's6m, n. [Fr. rangon, from Lat.
ant, is for the time being to be had only
in diminished quantities.
RXn, imp. of Run.
redemptio. See REDEMPTION.] 1.
RXnch, n Same as Rancho.
Release from bondage. 2. Price paid
5. [A.-S. hrcre, Eng. raic]
Nearly
Ran-CHE'RO (ran-cha'ro), n. [Sp.]
for the redemption of a prisoner, or
raw imperfectly cooked.
A herdsman a peasant employed on
[-ED; -ING.] Tore- RXr'EE-sho w, . [Contr. fr. rarity*
goods,
v.t.
a rancho. [Mexico.]
deem from captivity, punishment, or
show.]
A show carried about in a
Ran'cho, n. [Sp.] A large farming
forfeit, by paying an equivalent.
box by a showman.
establishment; especially an estab- RXn'SOM-er, n. One who ransoms.
RXr'e-fXc'tion, n. [See Rarefy.]
lishment for rearing cattle and RXnt, v. i. [-ed -ing. J [South Ger.
Act of expanding bodies, by separathorses. [Mexico and California.]
rant, noise, noisy mirth.] To rave in
ing the parts.
Syx.

Bulwark. The

or, do,

wolf, TOO, SOOSJ Orn, Rue, pull

E,

I,

o, silent

9, G, soft; , C, hard;

A j EIST

gtMKG; this

KAREFIABLE
RXr'E-FI'a-BLE,

RAVEL

350

Capable of being

a.

rated.
ation.

2.

Liable or subjected to tax-

[From Lat.

An

rationales, rational.]

explanation of the principles of some

RAT'A-FI'A (-f5'a), n. [Malay, arak,
action, phenomenon, &c, or the
rarefacere ; rarus, rare, and facer e,
arrack, and taf.a, a spirit distilled
principles themselves.
from molasses.] A sweet spirituous RX'TION-AL-Ism (rash'un-), n. A systo make.]
To make rare, thin, or
liquor, flavored with cherries, apriless dense.
v. i.
tem of opinions deduced from reaTo become thin
cots, peaches, &c.
and porous.
son alone an excessive reliance oa
RAre'ly, adv. I. Seldom not often. Ra-tXn', n. See Rattan.
reason.
Ratch, n. A ratchet. See RATCHET. RX'tion-al-ist (rash'un-), n. One
2. Finely
nicely.
Rare'ness, n.
who relies on his reason as the solo
State of being rare. RXTCH'ET, n. [Fr. rochet, It. rocchetto, ft spindle, fr. rocca, a distaff, Eng.
Rare 'RIPE, a. [From rare and ripe,
authority in matters of religion.
rock.]
A bar turning at one end RX'TION-al-ist'Ic (rash'un-), a. Beor from rath-ripe.]
Ripe before the
upon a pivot, while the other end
longing to, or in accordance witL.
usual season.
falls into the teeth of a wheel or
rationalism.
RAR'l-TY,n. [Lat. raritas.] 1. State of
rack, allowing the latter to move in RX'TION-al'i-ty (riish'un-), n. Qv.nlbeing rare; tenuity 2. Uncommonrarefied.

RAR'E-FY,v.

t.

[-ED; -ING, 142.] [Lat.

'

ness.

A rare

3.

RAs'AL

(6), n.

uncommon thing.
[A.-S. rascal, a lean,
or

worthless deer.]
A
scoundrel a rogue.

mean

fellow

RAS-ALL'ION(ras-kal jun),M. [From

/

A low, mean

wretch.
Quality of being
Ras-cXl'I-ty, n.
rascally
mean trickishness or dishonesty.
RXs'AL-LY, a.
Meanly trickish or
rascal.]

dishonest.
v.t.

Rase,

[-ED; -ING.]

[L. Lat.

rasare, to scrape often, freq. form of

radere, rasum, to scrape, shave.]
1.
To graze. [Rare.] 2. To erase. 3.
To level with the ground to raze.
Rash, a. [-er -est.] [0. II. Ger.
1. Hasty; quick.
rase, Icel. rbskr.]
2. Hasty in council or action. 3. Ut,

one direction only

having

wheel,

detent; pawl.

n.

angular

which it may be moved

by a lever and catch.

Rate,

circular
teeth, by
forward, as

[Lat. rata (rc. pars),

n.

ra-

fr.

1. Fixed allowance.
Degree; standard; proportion. 3.
tax assessed by authority.
v. t.
-ING.]
[-ED
1. To set a certain
estimate on.
2. To settle the relative scale or rank of.
3. [Eng. rate,

tus, reckoned.]

2.

to estimate. Cf. Sw. rata, to

blame, despise.]
To chide with vehemence; to scold.
v. i.
1. To
have rank. 2. To make an estimate.
RATH, a. [A.-S. hradh, hr'dd, quick,
v.

t.,

hasty.

Early

Cf.
;

Ready.]

Early.

adv.

betimes.

much RXth'er,

tered or undertaken with too

RXtch'et-wheel,

adv.

[A.-S. radhCr, corn-

ity of being rational

ness.

reasonable-

RX'TION-AL-LY (rash'un-), adv. In a

rational manner reasonably.
RXt'lIne, n. A small line making
;

the step of shroud3 for asceuding to

the mast-heads.
RA-TOON', n.
[Sp. retoho, retohar
to sprout again, as a plant which has
,

been cut,fr. Lat.

re

again.

and tumi-

dus, swelling.] A sprout from the

root of the sugar-cane, which has

been cut.

RXts'bane, n. Poison for rats.

Rat-tan', n. [Javanese rottang.] The
stem of a plant growing in India,
used for wicker-work, walking-sticks,

and the like.

RAT-TEEN', n.

[Fr. ratine, ratiner,

cloth.]
thick wool-

nap

to friz, to

en stuff quilled or twilled.

Syn. Foolhardy adventurous. A
RXt'tle (rat'tl), v. i. [-ed; -ING.]
man is adventurous who incurs risk or
[L. Ger. ratteln, rdteln.]
contrary. 3. Somewhat moderately.
To make a
hazard from a love of the arduous and
4. More properly.
quick, sharp noise, rapidly repeated
the bold. A man is rash who does it from
v.t.
Act of ratifyto clatter.
To cause to make
the mere impulse of his feelings, without RXt'i-fi-ca'tion, n.
counting the cost. A man is foolhardy
ing state of being ratified.
a rapid succession of sharp sounds.
par, of radhe, radhe, quickly.]
1.
More readily or willingly. 2. On the

who throws himself into danger in

disre-

gard or defiance of the consequences.

[From anhypoth. Lat. rasicare, from radere, rasum, to scrape,
scratch.]
An eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no

n.

elevation.
RXsh'er, n.

RXsh'LY, adv.
RXsh'ness, n.

thin slice of bacon.

In a rash manner.
Over -haste in resolv-

ing on, or in undertaking, a measure.

Rasp (3), v. t. [-ED -ing.] [From
0. H. Ger. raspOn, to scrape togeth1. To rub or file with a rasp.
er.]
2. To grate harshly upon.
n.
A
species of coarse file.
Rasp'a-to-ry, n. A surgeon's rasp.
;

n.
One who ratifies.
t. [-ed;-ing,142.] [Lat.
ratus, fixed by calculation, firm, and
To approve and
facer e, to make.]
sanction to make valid.
RA'TI-O (ra'shT-o or ru'sho), n. [Lat.,
fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, judge.] Relation of quantity or magnitude to

RXt'i-fFer,
RXT'l-FY,t\

another of the same kind.

Syn. Proportion; rate; degree.
(rash/)-), v. ?'. [Lat.
ratiocinari, -natus, fr. ratio, reason.]
To reason deductively ; to offer rea-

son.
n.

Act

or process of reasoning.
(ra'shun), n. [From Lat. ra-

[From Ra'tion

RXsP'BER-RY (raz'ber-ry), n.
rasp, so named from the roughness
of the fruit.]
The fruit of a species
of bramble

also, the

shrub

itself.

Ras'URE

(razh'yur), n.
[Lat. rasura,
fr. radere, rasum, to scrape, to shave.]
scraping, or erasing obliteration.
RAT, n. [A.-S. r&t.] 1. A small wellknown animal. 2. One who deserts
his party or associates.
To smell a rat, to be suspicious.

A
tio, a reckoning, calculation.]
fixed allowance of provisions.
RX'tion-al (rash'un-al), a. 1. Relating to the reason. 2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning. 3.
Agreeable to reason not absurd.
;

v.

[-ted; -TING.]

To

desert
one's former party or associates from
interested motives.
2. To work at
less than the established prices
a
term used among printers.
t.

1.

Syn. Reasonable. Rational has reference to reason as a faculty of the mind,

and if opposed to irrational; as, a rational being, a rational state of mind, rational views, &c. In these cases the speculative reason is more particularly referred to. Reasonable has reference to
the exercise of this faculty for practical
purposes, and denotes governed or directed by reason
as, reasonable desires,
plans- &c; treasonable charge.
;

RAT'A-BLE,

a.

,E,

Y ,long; X,E,L,S,U,Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

I.

5, U,

1.

Capable of being RX'tion-a'le

(rash'un-a'le),

WHAT

1. A rapid succession of sharp,

clattering sounds.
2.
Clamorous
chiding.
3. An instrument with
which a clattering sound is made.
RXt'tle-head'ed, a. Noisy giddy.

RXt'tle-snake,

n.

poisonous snake having a rattle at the end

of the tail.

Rau'ci-ty,

RX'ti-oc'I-nate

RX'Ti-oca-NA'TiON (rasM-),

n.

n.
;

n.
[Lat.
raucitas.] Hoarseness.
a.
[Lat.
raucus, for ravicus, fr.
ravus,
gray -yellow,

Rau'cous,

Hoarse

hoarse.]

Rattle-snake.

harsh.

RXv'AGE,

[Fr. ravage, as if fr.

n.

f.

Lat. rapagium, from rapere, to carry

by force.]
Violent ruin or de-

off

struction.
Syn.
Devastation desolation plunder spoil waste ruin.
v.t.
[-edj-ING.] To lay waste

by

force.

RXv'a-ger,

RAVE,

v.

One who

n.

lays waste.

[-ED; -ING.]

i.

bere, to rave, rage.]

2. To
V'JSL, V. t.

ious.

RX

1.

[Lat.ro-

To be

delir-

madman.
[-ED, -ING or -LED

rush

like

D. ravelen.] 1. To
unsew or unknit. 2.
3. To entangle
to
To be unv. i.
make intricate.

-LING, 137.]
take apart

[0.

to

To disentangle.

twisted or disentangled.

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM

s6l*,

RAVELIN
RAVE 'LIN

[Fr..fr. Lat.

(rav'lin), n.

vallum

rampart,
wall. J

RAZ'URE

Fort.)

(razh/ur), n. [See
erasure.

Act of erasing

detached

Reach,

work with
two embankments making a salient
angle.

Rasure.]

[-ed

t.

(ra'-

vn), n.

[A.-

Ravelin.
BB, ravelin a, redoubt;
E, passage
cc, ditch
;

hr'dfen,

hrefn. allied
from fortress to ravelin.
to Skr. karava.] A bird of a black color, allied to

the crow.

[-EDJ-ING.]
1. To obtain by vioTo devour with great eager-

v.
[See infra, n.]

or

t.

i.

lence. 2.
n.
ness.
[Written also ravin, fr.
rapine.]
2.
1. Rapine
rapacity.
Prey food obtained by violence.
RXv'en-ing (rav'n-ing), n.
Eagerness for plunder.

Rav'en-ous

[From

(raVn-us), a.
raven, prey, rapine.]
1.

even to rage.

2.

Eager

Hungry

for prey or

gratification.

Syn. Voracious; rapacious greedy.

Rav'en-ous-ly (r&Vn-), adv. In a
;

ravenous manner.

Ra-vine'

[Fr., fr.
(ra-ven', 126). n.
Lat. rapere, to snatch away.] A deep
and narrow hollow, usually worn by
a stream a gorge.
RAVISH, v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Fr. ravir, Lat. rapere, to snatch or tear
;

tion.

4.

Backward tendency from

[A.-S.

RATH.]

Cf.

1.

Prepared not behindhand or backward. 2. Prepared in mind or disposition.

3. Quick in action of any
;

kind. 4. Not occasioning delay.

On the point about.
Syn.
See Prompt.

adv. In a state of preparation sC

as to need no delay.
RE'-AF-FIRM', V. t. [-ED -ING.] Tc
;

affirm a second time.

n. ( Chem.) A substance
used to detect the presence of othc.
bodies a test.
Re'AL, a. [L. Lat. realis, fr. Lat. res,
a thing.] 1. Actually being or existing.
2. Not artificial or counterfeit.
3. Pertaining to things permanent or
immovable, as lands and tenements.
Syn.
Actual.
Real represents a
thing to be a substantive existence; as,
a real, not imaginary occurrence. Actual
refers to it as acted or performed; and,
hence, when we wish to prove a thing

RE-A'GENT,

we often say, "it actually exists,

"it has actually been done."

real,

RE'AL-lgM,

n.
Tenets of the realists.
Re'ALj-Ist, n.
One who maintains
that generals, or the terms used to
genera
denote the
and species of
things, represent real existences.
RE'AL-lST'ie, a. Pertaining to, or
characteristic of, the realists.
Re-Xi/I-TY, n. 1. State or quality of
being real fact.
2. That which is
;

an actual

Syn.

For, or imply-

a.

[-ER; -est, 142.]

rad, rsede, hrad.

real

revolution or progress.

Re-X'tion-a-ry,

READ'Y,a.

-ing.] [A.-S.
rsecan, rssccan, to extend, stretch
out, and recian, reccah, to extend.]
1. To extend
to stretch. 2. To pass
to another to hand over. 3. To obtain by stretching forth the hand.
4. To extend an action, effort, or influence to. 5. To stretch out as far
as. 6. To get as far as. 7. To attain
to; to gain.
v. i.
1. To stretch
out the hand.
2. To be extended,
&c, so as to touch, attain to, or be
equal with something.
n.
1. Act
of stretching extension
power of
reaching. 2. Extent of force or capacity. 3. Stretch expanse hence,
influence result.
4. An extended
portion of land or water. 5. An artifice to obtain an advantage
Re-AT', v. t.
[-ed -ING.] To do
over again.
v.i.
1. To resist by
an opposite force. 2. To exercise a
reciprocal or a reverse effect.
RE-Xe'TlON,n. 1. Any action in resisting other action or power.
2.
Mutual action of chemical agents
upon each other. 3. Depression or
exhaustion consequent on over exerv.

RA'VJSN
S.

t.
[-ED -ing.] To cut down to
inferior rate or class, as a ship
hence, to prune or abridge.
Ra'zor, n. [Lat. rasorium. See Raze.]
An instrument to remove the beard.

v.

an

RE-APPEAR

351

again,
re,
against, and

Truth;

Re'al-iz'a-ble,

ing, reaction.

existence.
fact; verity

a.

certainty.

Capable of be-

ing realized.

and carry away Re-Act'ive, a. Having power, or

Re'al-i-za'tion, n. Act of realizing,
tending, to react.
To carry away with
or state of being realized.
To commit rape on. READ,"l>.. [read; reading.] [A.-S.
Re'al-ize, v. t.
[-ED; -ing.] 1.
redan, to read, declare.]
RW'ISH-ER, n. One who ravishes.
1. To go
To make real. 2. To cause to seem
over, as words, and utter aloud, or
RAv'isH-MENT,ra. [See Ravish] Act
real.
3. To convert into real proprecite to one's self inaudibly to peof ravishing, or state of being raverty. 4. To gain to get.
ruse. 2. To know fully
to compreished rapture rape.
Syn. To accomplish effect comhend. 3. To learn by observation.
Raw, a. [-er -est.] [A.-S. hredtc]
plete; consummate.
v. i.
1. To perform the act of read1. Not cooked.
2. Unprepared for
ing.
use unfinished hence, unpracticed
2. To learn by reading.
To receive property, espea.
v. i.
Versed in books learned.
untried. 3. Untouched by art uncially in money.
[actually.
Capable of being Re'al-ly, adv. With or in reality
wrought. 4 Deprived of skin galled. Read'A-ble, a.
away.]

To

1.

by violence.

seize

2.

joy or delight.

3.

Piercingly damp or cold.

n.
A
sore or galled place.
[the bones.

5.

Ra W'BON ed,
Raw'hide,

n.

a.

Having

little flesh

A riding-whip,

on

of un-

tanned leather twisted,

[experience.
adv. Uuskillfully without
Raw'ness, n. State of being raw.
Ray, n. [Lat. radius, a beam or ray.]
1. One of a number of lines or parts
diverging from a common center. 2.
radiating part of a flower or plant.
3. One of the radiating bony spines
of the fins of fishes. 4. [Lat. ram.]
genus of fishes including the skate,
thomback, and torpedo.
t.
v.
[-ED ; -ing.] To send forth, or shoot
out.
Ray'less, a. Destitute of light dark.
Raze, v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [See Rase.]
1. To erase
to efface
to obliterate.
2. To lay level with the ground.
Ra-ZEE', n. [From Fr. raser, to raze,
to cut down ships.]
An armed ship

RAWLY,

having her upper deck cut down.

or, do,

wolf, to"o, to"ok

fjRN,

read

Read'er,

n.

One who

reads. 2.
book containing exercises in reading.
Read'er-ship, n. Office of reading
prayers in a church.
1.

Read'i-ly, adv.

1.

Quickly

prompt-

Cheerfully.
[being ready.
n.
State or quality of
Facility; promptitude; knack;
Syn.
skill; dexterity.
See Facility.
Readying, n. 1. Act of one who
reads perusal. 2. Study of books.
3. The way in which any thing reads.
Read'ing-room, n. A room provided with papers, periodicals, &c,
to which persons resort for reading.
Re'-ad-just', v. t. [-ED -ing.] To
put in order again.
Re'-ad-mIs'sion (-m!sb/un), n. Act
of admitting again, or state of being
admitted again.
Re'-ad-mIt', v. t. [-ED -ING.] To
admit again.
[mittance.
ly.

2.

READ'I-ness,

RE'-AD-MlT'TANCEjn.

rue, pull

JB, J,

0, silent

REALM,

worth reading.

A second ad-

n.
[0. Fr. realme, reaume,
Lat. regalis, royal.]
1.
royal
jurisdiction kingdom. 2. Province
region department.
Ream, n. [From Gr. apiOfxos, a number, quantity.] A package of paper,
consisting of twenty quires.
v. t.
[-ED -ing.] [Ger. rdumen, to clear
away, fr. raum, room.] To enlarge
or dress out, as a hole.
RE-AN'I-MATE,l'.i. [-ED -ING.] To
infuse new life, vigor, or spirit into.
Re'-an-nex', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
annex again.
REAP,t>. t. [-EDJ-ING.] [A.-S. ripan*
to seize, reap.]
1. To cut with -x
sickle, as grain. 2. To gather to re
ceive as a reward, or result.
v.t.
1. To perform the act of reaping. 2
To receive the fruit of labor.
Reap'er, n. 1. One who reaps. 2.
A machine for cutting grain.
Re'-AP-pear', v. i. [-ed; -ing.] Te
appear a second time.

fr.

c, G, soft; , 5, hard;

As

ejcist

^<wNG;

this.

KE-APPEARANCE
A

RE'-Xp-PEAR'ANCE,n.
pearance.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

[appointment.
A second
Rear, n. [hat. retro, behind, backward.] Back or hindmost part part
of an army or fleet which comes last.

Re'-ap-POINT'MENT,

n.

a. Hindmost,
-ING.]
v. t. [-ed
[A.-S. rxran, to raise, rear, allied to
rasian, to raise.] To bring up or to
raise to maturity, as young.
v. i.
;

To

rise

Re'BEC,
cal

RE'-AP-POINT', V.
To appoint again.

up on the hind

legs,

RECEPTACLE

352

second ap-

as a

horse.
n. An officer next
in rank after the vice-admiral.

Rear'-Xd'MI-RAL,

[From Ar. rabab, a musiinstrument of a round form.]

n.

kind of violin formerly used.

is formally and distinctly *o disit as a serious error.

It of course
implies that we adopt the opposing truth-

recant

avow

v. i.
To revoke a declaration.
Reb'el, n. [See Rebel, v. i.] One
who revolts from the government to Re'cant-a'tion, n. Act of recant-

which he owes

ing

allegiance.

Syn. Insurgent.
Insurgent marks
an early, and rebel a more advanced,
stage of opposition to government. The
former rises up against his rulers, the
latter makes war upon them.

a.

Acting in revolt

rebellious.

retraction.

Re'ca-pit'u-late,^.*. [-ed; -ing.]

[Lat. recapitulare, -latum; re, again,
and capitulum, a small head, a section.]
To give a summary of the
principal facts, points, or arguments
of.

Syn. To reiterate repeat; rehearse.

make war again.] To re- Re'ca-pit'u-la'tion, n. Summary.
take up arms against the Re'ca-pit'u-la-to-ry
(50), a. Con-

RE-BEL',r.t. [-LED; -LING.] [Lat. rebellare, to

volt

to

government.

taining recapitulation.

Re-BELl'ION,

[prisal.

n.
[Lat. rebellio. See Re-cXp'tion, n. Act of retaking resupra.]
Act of rebelling open re- Re-APT'ure (53), n. 1. Act of rean army that marches in the rear of
sistance to lawful authority.
taking.
2. A prize retaken.
v. t.
the main body to protect it.
Syn. See Insurrection.
[-ED -ing.] To retake; especially,
Rear'-rXnk, n. Hindermost rank
to
retake
a
prize
which
had
been
Re-BELl'ious (-yus), a. Engaged in,
of a body of troops.
previously taken.
or marked by, rebellion.
Rear'-ward, n. 1. The rear-guard.
Re-bell'ioDs-ly (-yus-), adv. In a Re-cast', v. t. [-cast; -casting.] 1.
2. Hind or latter part
end.
To throw again. 2. To throw into a
rebellious manner.
Re/-as-cend', v. i. To mount again.
new form or shape. 3. To compute
REA'ON (re/zn), n. [Fr. raison, Lat. Re-bound', v. i. [-ed -ing.] To
a second time.
spring back
ratio, fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, think.]
to start back
to be
Re-cede',
v. i.
[-ed -ing.] [Lat.
reverberated.
v.t. To drive back
1. A thought or consideration, as
recedere ; re, again, back, and cedere,
to reverberate.
n.
Act of flying
bearing on a determination or an
to
go.]
To
move
back to retreat.
back on collision with another body.
opinion.
2. Faculty or capacity of
v. t.
To cede back to yield to a
[-ed;-ing.] [Prethe human mind by which it is dis- Re-buff', v. t.
former
possessor.
To beat back; to
fix re and buff.]
tinguished from the inferior animals.
Re-ceipt' (-seet'), n. [Lat. recipere,
n.
1.
check; to repel violently.
3. Due exercise of the reasoning facreceptum, to receive.]
1. Act of
A beating back; sudden resistance.
ulty propriety justice order. 4.
receiving
reception.
2. Power of
2. Sudden check.
Laws by which the universe is supreceiving
capacity.
Place
3.
of re[-built
posed to be constructed and governed. Re-build' (-bild'), v. t.
ceiving.
5. A written
4$. A recipe.
-ING.]
To build or construct anew.
v.i. [-ED ;-ING.] 1. To exercise
acknowledgrhent
of
payment.
6.
Re-buk'A-ble, a. Worthy of rebuke.
the rational faculty. 2. To debate.
That which, If received. v. t. [-ed;
Syn. To discuss; argue; examine. Re-buke', v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [O.Fr.
-ING.]
To
give
a
receipt
for.
v.i.
rebouquer, to enfeeble, diminish, bouv.t. 1. To examine by arguments.
To give a receipt.
[received.
quer, to grumble, partly fr. bouque,
2. To persuade by reasoning.
mouth, and partly fr. Icel. bucka, to Re-cei V'A-BLE a. Capable of being
Rea'^on-a-ble (r5'zn-a-), a. 1. Havsubdue.] To check, silence, or put Re-^eive', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Fr.
ing the faculty of reason. 2. Govrecevoir, Lat. recipere, from re, again,
down with reproof.
erned by, or agreeable to, reason. 3.
and capere, to take, seize.] 1. To
Syn. See Admonish.
Within due limits. 4. Considerable.
take, as something that is offered,
n.
A direct and pointed reproof;
Rational.
Syn.
given, committed, or paid, &c. 2.
reprimand punishment.
To gain the knowledge of. 3. To
Rea'son-a-ble-ness, n. Agreeable- Re-buk'er, n. One who rebukes.
give admittance to, in an official ca~
ness to reason moderation. ,
Re'bus,h.,- pi. re'bus-es. [From
pacity.
4. To hold
to contain.
Rea'on-a-BLY, adv. In consistEnigmatical
Lat. rebus, by things.]
Syn. To accept. To receive deency with reason moderately.
representation of words by figures.
scribes
simply
the
act
of
taking: to acREA^ON-ERjn. One who reasons.
Re-but', v. t. [-TED; -TING.] [See
cept, the taking cordially or for the purRea'ON-ING, n. Act or process of
Butt.] 1. To repel by force. 2. To
pose for which a thing is offered. A lady
deriving conclusions from premises.
may receive the proposal of a suitor withoppose by argument.
out accepting his suit.
Re'-as-sem'ble, v. i. [-ed;-ing.J Re-but'ter, n. Answer of a defendTo assemble or collect again.
One who, or that
ant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's Re-ceiv'er, n.
which,
Re'-AS-SERT', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
receives in any manner.
surrejoinder.
assert again.
Re-cal'ci-TRANT, a. Showing re- Re'cen-cy, n. Quality of being reRe'-as-sEr'tion, n. A second assercent newness freshness.
pugnance or opposition.
tion of _the same thing.
Re-AL'ci-TRATE, v i. [Lat. recal- RE-CEN'SION, n. [Lat. recensio, from
re, again, and censere, to value.]
Re'-as-sign' (-sin''), v. t.
1.
[-ed
citrare, -tratum ; re and calcitrare, to
-ING.] To assign or transfer back.
Critical review
examination enukick.]
To kick against anything;
meration.
Re'-as-sur'ance (-shur'ans), n. As?,.
A
text
established
by
repugnance.
express
hence, to
critical revision.
surance"or confirmation repeated.
Re-cXl'ci-tra'tion, n. A kicking
Re'-as-sure' (-ash-shur'), v. t. [-ed
Re 'CENT, a. [Lat. recens, recentis.]
back repugnance.
-ING.] To assure anew to free from Re-gall', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
1. Of late origin or occurrence.
2.
fear.
[baptize a second time.
Of a date subsequent to the
( Geol.)
call back
to summon to return.
Re'BAP-TIZE', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
creation of nr%n.
2. To revoke
to annul.
3. To call
Ee-BATE', v. t.
[Fr. rebattre ; re,
to recollect.
n.
A call- Re'CENT-ly, adv. Newly lately.
to mind
again, against, and battre, to beat.]
Re'^ent-ness, n. Lateness of oriing back revocation.
1. To blunt. 2. To make adscount RE-ANT',r. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. regin or occurrence.
from for prompt payment. 3. To rabcantare ; re, again, back, and cantare, Re-CEP'ta-cle ^113), n. [Lat. recepbet._ [See Rabbet.]
taculum; recipere, to receive.] 1. A
n. A rabbet.
to sing, sound.] To contradict, as a

Rear'-guakd

The body of

(72), n.

Ae-bate'ment,

n.
1. Diminution.
Deduction of nterest, or any sum,
&c, on account of prompt payment.

2.

A, E,

I,

5,U, Y, long; &, s

l,

former declaration to take back.

Syn. To renounce. To renounce is
to
to abandon an opinion or doctrine

6,t),Y, short;

receiver or holder; a reservoir. 2.

Apex of the flower-stalk from which

the organs of the flower grow.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, V^IL, TERM; PIQUB, FIRM; S6N.
j

;;

RECEPTACULAR
Rec'ep-tac'u-lar

tion

description

detail

See Account.
to the receptacle, or growing on it.
RE-CEP'TI-BIL'I-TY,/?. Quality of be- Rec'I-ta'tion, n.

ing receptible

capacity of receiving.

[Lat. receptio, from

n.
reripere, receptum.]
1.
Act of re-

fiE-CEP'TION,

State of being received.

3. Manner of receiving for entertainment hence, an occasion of receiving guests. 4. Admission, as of an
opinion or doctrine.
Be-cep'tive, a. Able or inclined to
take in, hold, or contain.
RE-CESS', n. [Lat. recessus. See RECEDE.] 1. A withdrawing or retir2. State of being withdrawn
ing.
seclusion. 3. Suspension of business
4. Part of a room
intermission.
formed by the receding of the wall.
Re-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. [Lat. recessio. See Recede.] Act of reced[in return.
ing or withdrawing.
Re-charge', v. t. To charge anew or
ceiving.

2.

Ke-char'ter,

f.

charter again
charter to.

f.

to

rehearsal.

v.

To choose a

t.

scription for

sec[Lat.

Reck' on

(rek'n), v. t.
[-ed -ing.]
[A.-S. recnan, recnian.] 1. To make

Reck'ON-ER, n. Oue who reckons.

RECK'ON-ING, n. 1. Act of one who

Receiving.

n.

[of being recipient.

tis, receiving.]
receiver.

reckons
calculation
in specific
use.}, adjustment of claims and accounts
hence, exaction of penalty
inenrred. 2. Charges made by a host.

A pre-

Esteem estimation. 4.
calculation of the ship's position from ob-

Re-cip'i-en-cy, n. State or quality

Re-^IP'I-ENT, a. [Lat. recipiens, -en-

Re-cIp'ro-CAL,

or render account of. 2. To count

as in number, rank, or series.
v. i.
1. To go through with a calculation.
2.
To make up accounts. 3. To
think; to suppose.
[Prov. and vulgar.}
See Guess and Calculate.

making some combina-

tion,

species of mu-

REC'l-PE.'rt. : pi. rEc'i-pes.

imper. of recipcre, to receive.]

sical recitation in which the words

are delivered in a manner resembling
that of ordinary declamation.
Re-cite', v. t. or /.
[-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. recitare, trom re, again, and
citare, to call, to cite.]
1. To repeat,
as something already prepared or
committed to memory.
2. To tell
over; to go over in particulars.
RECK, v. i. [A.-S. recan, to care for.]
To take heed to care.
Reck'less, a. Rashly or indifferently negligent.
REck'less-ness, n. State or quality
of being reckless heedlessness.

[-ed;-ing.] To
grant another

(rGh-sher'sha'),
a.
[St.]
Sought out with care hence,
of studied elegance.
[on d time.

narrative.

Act of reciting;

Rec'I-ta-TIVE', n.

RECHERCHE
Re-ciioose',

RECOMPENSE

353

(110), a. Relating

3.

servations recorded in the log-book.

Re-claim', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.

redamare ; re, again, back, and
elamare, to call.] 1. To reduce from
a wild to a tamed state. 2. To reduce
Mutually
3. To demand as
to a desired state.
;

[Lat. reciprocus.]
in vicissitude. 2. Do;;o
a.

Recurring
by each to the other.
1.

3.

interchangeable.

The distinctive idea

Syk. - Mutual.
of mutual is, that the parties unite by interchange in the same act as, a mutual
covenant, mutual affection, &c. The distinctive idea of reciprocal is that one
party acts by way of return or response
to something previously done by the
Other party
as, a reciprocal kindness,
reciprocal reproaches. &c. The ebbing
and flowing of the tide is a case where
the action ii reciprocal, but not mutual.
;

a right the return

That which

reciprocal.
quotient arising from divid1.

is

recover

restore

One who makes

n.

reclamation.

RECLfA-MA'TION,
tio.}

3.

n.

redama-

[Lat.

Recovery.

2.

Demand

of

something to be restored.

RE'Ll-NATE,a.

acknowledgment

formal

nized.

Re-COG'ni-zance

(re-kog'ni-zans or
re-kon'T-zans), n. [See infra, and cf.

Cognizance.]

Acknowledgment

1.

of a person or thing ; avowal.

2.
(Laiv.) An obligation of record, with
condition to do some particular act.
GGf* Among lawyers, the g in this and
the related words (except recognize) is
usually silent.

Rec'og-nize,
recognoscere

V.

t.

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

;

re, again,

and cogno-

know.] 1. To know again

to recall knowledge of.
2. To avow
knowledge of; to allow that one
knows.
Syx. See Acknowledge.
scere, to

Re-cog'ni-zee' (-kog/- or -kon'-), n.

One to whom a recognizance is made.
Re-cog'ni-zor' (or -kon'-), n. One

who

enters into a recognizance.

[-ed -ing.]
v. i.
[Lat.
back, and cuius, the posteriors.} 1. To start, roll, bound, or
fall back.
2. To draw back as from
any thing repugnant or alarming;
to shrink.
n. 1. A starting or fall2. Reaction of fire-anna
ing back.
when discharged.
[anew.
Re-coin', v. t. [-ed -ing.] To coin
[-ed; -ing.]
Rec'ol-lect', v. t.
[Prefix re, and collect.]
To recover
or recall the knowledge of; to bring
back to the mind.
Re'-col-lect',^. t. To collect again.
Rec/ol-lec'tion, n. 1. Act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory.
2. Power of recalling ideas to the
mind, or period within which things

Re-coil',

re, again,

can be recollected remembrance. 3.

That which is recollected reminis;

Capable of be-

ing reclaimed.

Re-claim'ant,

Rec'og-niz'a-ble, or Re-cog'niZA-BLE, a. Capable of being recog-

n.

of.

Syx. To reform
amend correct.
Re-claim'a-ble, a.

ognized
avowal.

cence.

Syx. Remembrance. Recollection

difft-rs from remembrance, as it is the consequence of volition, or an effort of the
mind to recall ideas; whereas remembrance implies no such volition. See

Memoey.
Re'com-mence',

v.t.

[-ed; -ing.]

To begin anew.
Rec'om-mend', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
downward, as a leaf.
ing unity by any quantity.
REC'LI-NA'TION, n. Act of leaning.
1. To commeud to the favorable noRe-cip'ro-cal-ly, adv. Mutually
RE-CLINE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
tice of another. 2. To make acceptainterchangeably.
redinare ; re, again, back, and clible. 3. To advise, as an action, measRe-cip'ro-cate, v. i. T-ED -ING.]
nare, to lean, incline.] To lean back
ure, or the like.
2.

The

Reclined, or bent

See REto lean to one side, or sidewise.

Worthy of
v. Rec'om-mend'a-ble. a.
To act interchangei.
recommendation or praise.
To rest or repose.
[again.
ably to alternate.
v. t.
To give Re-close', t\ t. [-ed;-ing ] Toclose Rec/OM-men-da'tion. n. 1. Act of.
and return mutually.
Re-cluse', a.
recommending. 2. That which com[Lat. rechtsits, fr. reRe-cip'ro-ca'tion, n. Act of recipdudere, to unclose, open, bu't with a
mends to favor.
reciprocare, -r.atum.

[Lat.

CIPROCAL.]

rocating

interchange of acts.

1. Mutual acreaction.
2.
Reciprocal
advantages, obligations, or rights.
Re-CIS'ION (-sizb/un), n.
[Lat." recisio, from recidere, to cut off.]
Act

signification directly opposite.]

Sequestered retired from the world or

Bec'I-proc'i-ty, n.
tion

and

from public notice

solitary..

n.

REC'OM-MEND'A-TO-RY (50),

a. Serv-

ing to recommend,
[commit again.
Re'com-mit',. t. [-ted; ting.j Tq

One who lives in seclusion a relig- Re'com-mKt'ment, In. A renewed

ious devotee.
Re'com-mut'tal,
commitment.
Re-cluse'ly, adv. In retirement.
REC'OM-PENSE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
Re-cluse'ness, n. Retirement se[L. Lat. recompensare ; re., again, and
RE-CLU'glON,
elusion from socompensare, to compensate.]
j
1. To
;

of cutting

off.

RE-CIT'AL, n.
1. Repetition of the
words of another, or of a writing. 2.
ciety,
[from society.
Narration. 3. That which is recited
Re-clu'sive, a. Affording retirement
a story.
Rec'og-ni'TION (-nish'un), n. Act
;

Syx. Account

rehearsal;

6R, DO, WOLF., too,

recita-

'

of recognizing, or state of being rec-

TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

23

E,

I,

o, silent

render an equivalent to, for service,

loss, &c.
2. To pay for.
n.
An
equivalent returned for any thing
given done, or suffered.

C,G, soft; ,(i,hard: Asj Exist

NNG:

THIS,

:;

RECONCILABLE
REC'on-cil'a-ble

of being reconciled.

RECON-CILE'

(110). V. t. [-ED ; -ING.]

[Lat. reconciliare ; re, again, back,
and conc.iliare, to bring together.] 1.
To conciliate anew. 2. To bring to

To make consistent
4. To adjust; to settle.
RfiC'ON-CILE'MENT (110), n. Act of
acquiescence.
or congruous.

3.

reconciling, or state of being recon-

rccon-

of reconciling, or state of being reconciled

restoration to harmony.
,

REe'ON-ciL'l-A-TO-RY
ing or tending

Rec'ON-dTte

(50), a.
to reconcile.

Serv-

or RE-CON'DITE, a.
[Lat. reconditus, p. p. of reconderc,
to
conceal,
from re, again,
to lay up,
and condere, to bring together.] 1.
Hidden from the view or intellect. 2.
Dealing in things abstruse.
,

RE-eON'NAIS-HANfE,
RE-edJY'JVO/.s-SANpE,

n.

[Ft.]

Exami-

nation of a tract of country, either

in warlike movemeuts or for carrying
on public works.

Rec'on-noi'ter,
REC'ON-NOI'TRE,
See

noitre.

v.

[Fr.

t.

noUre,

Recognize.]

amine by the eye

reconreconTo ex-

to survey with
a view to military or engineering op;

erations.

Re-CON/quer

(-konk'er), v.

t.

[-ED

gain as a compensation.
v. i.
1.
To regain health after sickness. 2.
(Law.) To succeed in a lawsuit.
RE-OV'ER-A-BLE, a. Capable of being recovered or restored.

Re-OV'ER-Y

(-kuv'er-),

To recover by conquest.
RE'CON-SiD'ER, 1-. t. [-ED; -ING.]
To consider again to review.
RE'CON-SflVER-A'TION, n.
Act of
[-ING.]

reconsidering, or state of being reconsidered.

n.

1.

Act

of recovering. 2. Restoration from

sickness, misfortune, or the like.
3.
The obtaining of a right to something by a judgment of court.

[ciles.

ciled,

RECon-cil'er, n. One who

Rec'on-^ IL'I-A'TION n Act

RECUSANT

354

Capable

(110), a.

Syn.
Restoration.
7?eeo?J<s.v/ is active, restoration is passive.
I must myself be instrumental in the recovery of
property that is stolen not bo in restoration, for which I
wholly indebted
to the act of another.

my

am

Rec'RE-AN-CY,

n.

Quality of being

[which,

distillation.

&

[Norm.

or.

0. Fr.

recreant, cowardly, fr. Lat. re, again,

back, and credere, to be of opinion
hence, orig. to disavow one'sopinion.]
1. Cowardly; craven.
2. Apostate;
false.
n. A meau-spirited cowardly
wretch.
RE'RE-ATE,r. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
;

recreare, -alum ; re, again, and creare, to create.] To give fresh life to
to revive ; especially to refresh from
;

weariness.

[anew.
Re'CRE-ate', v. t. To create or form
REC'RE-A'TION, n. Refreshment of
the strength and spirits after toil.
n. A forming anew.
a.
Tending to reccreate or refresh diverting.
REe'RE-MENT, n. [Lat. recrementum
re, again, and cernere, creturn, to sepSuperfluous matter sepaarate.]
rated from that which is useful;

Re'cre-a'tion,
REC'RE-A'TiVE.

dross.

rectifies.

Rec'ti-fIer, h. One who, or that

Rec'ti-fy, v. t. [-ed;-ing,142.] [L.
Lat. rectificare, fr. Lat. rectus, right,
&ud facere, to make.] 1. To make
Straight or right.
2. To refine by
repeated distillation or sublimation.
Syn. See Amend.

Rec'ti-lin'e-al,
REC'TI-LIN'E-AR,

[Lat. rectus,
right, and linea,

a.

Consisting of a right line, or

of right lines.
Rec'tj-tude (30), n. [Lat. recti tudo.
from rectus, straight.] Rightness or
principle or practice
uprightness.
line.]

Syn. Justice;

recreant.

REe'RE-ANT,

any substance by repeated

refining

integrity.

Rec'tor.

n. [Lat., fr. regere, rectum,

to lead straight, to rule.]
1. (Episcopal Church.) A clergyman who has
the charge of a parish. 2. Head of
a public school, or of a convent.
Rec'tor-ate (45), n. Office or station of a rector.
Rec-to'ri-al (89), a. Pertaining to
government, or to a rector, [rector.
Rec'tor-ship, n. Office or rank of a
REe'TO-RY, n.
1. A parish church,
parsonage, or living, with all its
rights,

&c.

tithes,

2.

rector's

mansion.

Rectum,

n.
[Lat. (sc. intestinum),
fr. rectus, straight, as it was formerly
thought to be so.] Terminal part of
the large intestines.

Re-cOm'bence,
recumbent

;'

State of being

n.

repose

Re-cum'ben-oy,

n.

rest.

Recumbence.

Re-CUM'BENt',

a.
[Lat. recumbens,
p. pr. of recumbere, fr. re, back, and

RE'CON-STROCT', V. t. [-ed;-ing.] Rec're-MENT'al, a. Consisting of

cumbere, to lie down.]
separated superfluous matter drosTo construct again.
reclining.
2. Inactive.
syRe'gon-strug'tion, n. Act of conRe-cu'per-ate, v. i.

1.

Leaning;

RE-CRIM'1-NA.TE,

[Lat.

recu-

[-ED -ING.]
V. i.
perare -ration
See RECOVER.] To
and criminari, to acrecover health.
cuse of a crime.] To return one ac- Re-CU'PER-A-TJVE, ) a. Tending to,
cusation with another.
Re-cu'per-a-to-ry, j
or pertainRe-crim'i-na'tion, n.
Return of
veying.
ing to, recovery.
one accusation with another.
Re-cord', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
Re-cur', v. i. [-red -ring.] [Lat.
ACTIVE, la. Retorting
recordari, to remember
recurrere ; re, again, back, and curre, again, RE -CRIM'I-N
back, and cor, cordis, heart.] To pre- Re-crtm'1-na-TO-RY, J accusation
rere, to run.]
1. lo return again or
recriminatory.
serve the memory of, by committing
repeatedly.
2. To occur at a stated
Re-cruit', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Fr.
interval.
to writing, printing, or the like.
3. To have recourse.
recrut'er, fr. recroitre, p. p. recrU, to
Rec'ord, n. A register an authentic
Re-cor'rence, \n. Act of recur1. To repair by fresh
grow again.]
Re-UR-ren-cy, } ring return.
copy or account, entered in a book
supplies. 2. To renew in strength or RE-cfJR'RENT, a.
for preservation.
Recurring.
v. i. To Be-cOrv'ATE, v. t.
health to re-invigorate.
Re-cord'er, n. 1. One who records.
[Lat. recurvare,
gain new supplies of any thing
-vatum, from re, again, back, and
2. Chief judicial officer of some cities
wasted esp. to gain new supplies of
curvare, to bend.] To bend or curve
and boroughs.
[corder.
men for military or other service.
back.
Re-cord'er-shIp, n. Office of a re[outward.
1. Supply of any thing wasted.
n.
Re-cOrv'ate, a. Bent backward or
Be-count', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Fr.
2. A newly -enlisted soldier.
Re'cuk-va'tion, n. A bending or
reconter, to relate again or over again.
REtCRUIT'ment, n. Act or business
flexure backward.
See COUNT, v.] To relate in detail
of recruiting.
Re-curve', v. t. To bend back.
to narrate the particulars of.
n.
REct'an-gle,
Re-curv'i-ty,
Re-course', n.
n.
Recurvation.
[Lat. recursus; re[Lat. rectus, right,
Re -cur v'o OS a. [Lat. recurvus ; rz,
currere, to run back.]
1. Return.
and angulus, anback,
again,
and curvus, bentj
2. Recurrence in difficulty, perplexgle.]
A right-ancurved.] Bent backward.
ity, or need, &c.
resort.
Rectangle.
gled parallelogram.
Re -cu' ant, a. [Lat. recusans, reRe-c6v'er (-kuVer), v. t.
[-ed
structing again.

RE'CON-VEY',

[-ED'; -ING.] To
convey back or to the former place.
Re'con-ve. y'anoe , n. Act of reconV.

t.

[Lat. re, again,

-ING.]

[0. Fr. recovrer, Lat. recupeback, and capere, to take.]

1. To get or obtain again.
2. To repair the loss or injury of. 3. To bring
back to life or health. 4. (Law.) To

rare

A, E,

I,

re,

Rect-Xn'gu-lar, a. Right-angled.
Rec'Ti-fPa-ble, a. Capable of being rectified.

Recti-fi-ca'tion, n.
eration of rectifying.

5, U, Y,long; A,i2,t, 6,U, Y, short;

1.

2.

Act or opProcess of

fusing.]
Eng Hist.) Refusing to
acknowledge the supremacy of the
king, or to conform to the established
ritea of the church.
n. 1. One who
refuses to acknowledge the suprem(

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VgIL, 3f&RJI PIQUE, FIRM; SON,
}

RED

Re-da'TION,

n.

[Lat. redigere, re-

again, back, and agere,

to put in motion.]
1. The act of
digesting, as literary or scientific ma-

daction;

re,

To double again

-ING.]

or repeated-

to multiply.
v i. To become
repeatedly increased.
Re-doubt' (re-douf), n. [L. Lat. reductus, lit. a retreat, fr. Lat. redu(Fort.)
cere, to lead or draw back.]
An inclosed work of any polygonal
form without re-entering angles.
ly

Re-doubt'a-BLE
and

again,

midable

terials.
2.
digest.
n. [Ft.,
for 0. Fr. redent

Re-da \',

REFERABLE

355

acy of the king iD matters of religion. 2. A nonconformist.

RED, a. [-der: -dest.] [A.-S. redd,
redd.]
Of the color of blood, or of a
tint resembling blood,
n.
Color of
blood, or a tint resembling this.

(-dout'),a. [Lat. re,

tlubitare, to doubt.]

For-

hence, valiant.
v. i. [-ed
-tng.] [Lat.
; re. again, back, and undare, to rise in waves.] 1. To roll
back as a. wave. 2. To come back as
a consequence. 3. To be in excess.
Red'ow-a, n. A slow and graceful
kind of dance.
Re-dress', v. t. [-ed -ing.] 1. To
set right, as a wrong
to remedy. 2.
;

Re-dound',

redundare

a double notch-

ing, _'rom Lat. re

again, back, and
Redans.
dens, a tooth.]
(Fort.) A work having two faces,
that form a salient angle toward the

enemy
TIed'breast, n. A bird the robin.
To make amends to.
Delivern.
Keo'd^.v, v. t. or
ance fr. wrong, injury, or oppression.
[-ED; -ing.] To
Re-dress'1YE, a. Giving redress.
make or become red to blush.
Red'DISH, a. Moderately red.
Red'-short, a. Brittle when hot.
Red'dish-ness, n. Redness in a mod- Red'top, n. A kind of grass.
Re-duce', f. t [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
erate degree.
Red-dI'tion (-dish'un), n. [Lat. redrcducere ; re, again back, and ducere,
ditio ; reddere, to give back.]
to lead.]
1. To bring to a state or
Res-

?'.

titution

surrender.

Re-deem',

r.

[-ed

-ing.] [Lat.
again, back, and emere,

/.

redimere ; re,
to buy.]
1. To purchase back; to
repurchase.
2.
To ransom from
bondage, by paying an equivalent.
3. To deliver from the bondage of
sin

and

its

penalties.

4.

as a promise.

To

fulfill,

[ing redeemed.

RE-deem'a-ble, a. Capable of beRE-DEEM'ER, n. One who redeems

esp. the Savior, Jesus Christ.
;

RE'DE-LIV'ER,
deliver

v. t.

[-ED

-ING.]

To

n.

Reek,

steam; smoke.
To emit vapor

i.
[-ED; -ING.]
steam to smoke.
Soiled with smoke or

Reek'y,
steam

a.

v.

to

smoky.

REEL,n.

[A.-S. hreol,reol. Cf.

ROLL.]

A frame on which yarn, thread,

2. A lively whirl&'c, are wound.
ing dance.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
wind upon a reel.
To vacilv. i.
1.

walking

late in

RE'-E-LET',

to stagger.

f.

Tc

[-ed; -ing.]

elect again.

Re'-e-le'tion, n. Election a second time, or repeated election.

Re'-el'i-gi-ble, a. Capable of being re-elected.

Re '-em-bark', v. t. or i.

[-ed -ING.]
;

To embark again.

Reem'ing,

n.

Ream, v.

[Cf.

t.]

The

opening of the seams of vessels for

,

calking.

Re'-en-act',

[-ed

t.

7.'.

enact again.

Re'-en-act'ment,

n.

-ing.] To
[of a law.

The renewal

RE'-EN-FORCE', V. t.
[-ED -ING.]
To strengthen with new force, assist;

n.
or support.
near the breech.

ance,

Part of a

gun
Re'-en-force'ment,

n.
1. Act of
2. That which re-enre-enforcing.
forces additional force.
;

Re'-en-gage',

v.

To engage again

i.

or anew.

Re'-en-list',

v.

or

t.

i.

[-ED

-ING.]

To

enlist again.
RE-EN'TER, v. t. ori.

[-ED; -ING.]
To enter again or anew.
[again.
Re-EN'trance, n. Act of entering

nomination to another without

back or again.

Re'de-liv'er-y,

condition specified; to convert. 2.

To bring to an inferior state, as to
size, rank, value, &c.
3. To bring
into subjection.
4. To bring into a
certain order, arrangement, &c.
RE-DU'CER, n. One who reduces.
Re-du'ci-ble, a.
Capable of being
reduced.
Re-dijc'tion, n. [Lat. reductio. See
Reduce.] 1. Act of reducing, or
state of being reduced
conversion
to a given state
conquest.
2. The
changing of numbers from one de-

To contract, as a sail, by
rolling or folding.
n.
[A.-S. rcc, reci.]
Vapor;
-ING.]

second deliv-

ing their value.

RE-Due'TlVE,

ery or liberation.

a.

alter- Re/-es-tab'lish,i\ t.
To establish
[of reducing.anew to fix or confirm again.
Having the power Re'-es-tab'lish-ment, n. Act of
In. 1. Superfluity
establishing again; renewed confirm;

Re-demp'tion (84), n. [Lat. redemp- Re-dun'DANCE,

tio.
See Redeem.] Act of redeem- Re-dun'dan-cy,
superabundance.
ation.
ing, or state of being redeemed
2. Any thing superfluous.
[rove reeving. Cf.
Reeve, v.
[Lat. redundans.
specifically, (a.) Liberation of an es- Re-DUN'DANT, a.
Reef, w.] To pass, as the end of a
tate from a mortgage.
See Redound.] 1. Exceeding what
(b.) (Com.)
rope, through any hole in a block,
;

t.

Repurchase of notes, or other

evi-

is

natural or necessary.

2.

Using

thimble, &c.

more words than are necessary.

RE'-EX-AM'l-ifA'TlOJf, n. A repeated
Re-du'pli-ATE, v. t. To redouble.
examination.
Re-du'pli ca'tion, n. Act of doub- Re'-ex-am'ine, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
Re-demp'tton-er, n. One who reling, or state of being doubled.
To examine anew.
Re-demp'tive,
[-ed; -ing.] RE'-EX-PORT', V. t.
Serving
or Re-ech'o, v. t. or i.
[-ED; -ING.]
a.
Re-demp'to-ry,
To echo back; to reverberate again.
teuding to reTo export again.
Reed, n. [A.-S. hreod, redd.] 1. One Re-f.\sh'ion (-fSsh'un), v. t. [--ED
deem.
Red'-gum, n.
of a family of plants, with hollow,
-ING.] To fashion a second time.
An eruption of red
pimples in earlv infancy.
jointed stems. 2. A rustic musical Re-fec'TION, ii. [Lat. refectio, from
REd'-hot, n. Red with heat.
pipe. 3. An arrow. 4. A thin piece
-fectuin, fr. re, again, and
reficere
dences of debt,
(c.) Deliverance of
sinners from the bondage of nn and
its penalties.
[deems himself.
)

RE -DIN'TE -GRATE,!',
[Lat.

redintegrare

[-ED J'-ING.]
-gratum
re,

t.

again, and integrare, to make whole.]

To make whole again to renew.
Re-din'te-gra'tion, n.
Restoration to a whole or sound state.
RED'-LEAD, n. A preparation of lead
of a fine red color.
Red'ness, n. Quality of being red.
Red'o-LENCE, In. Quality of being
Red'o-len-cy, J
redolent; sweetness of scent.
;

Red'o-LENT,

a. [Lat. redolens.]

fusing fragrance

Re-doub'le
OR, do,

Dif-

odorous.

(-dQb'l),

v.

t.

of metal, the vibrations of which

produce the tones of a melodeon, &c.

5. ( Weaving.) A frame through which
the warp-threads pass.

REED'ES

A chain of rocks at or near

the surface of water.
v. t.
[-ED

WOLF, too,1QOI; Urn, rue, pull

E,

I,

Re-fer'

Abounding with

reeds.
2. Having the quality of a reed in
tone, that is, harsh and thick.
REEF,n. 1. [D.reef,rif; A.-S. red/,
A portion of
a garment, clothing.]
a sail which is rolled up to contract
the sail. 2. [Tcel. rif, prob. allied to
a. 1.

rib.]

[-ed;

Consisting 'of

(reed'n), a.

a reed or reeds.

Reed'y,

facere, to make.] Refreshment after

hunger or fatigue a lunch.
Re-fe'tiye, n.
That which re[menfc.
freshes refreshment.
Re-fe'to-ry, n.
room for refresh-

o, silent

,G,

soft;

(14), v. t.
re,

[Lat. referre ;
to bear.]
1.
2.

[-red; -ring.J
again, and ferre,
or send back.

To carry

To pass over

to

another authority

3. To assign to as a
cause, motive, or reason.
v. i.
1. To have recourse.
2. To have relation.
3. To direct attention.
Ref'er-a-ble, a. Capable of being
referred ascrfbable.

for decision.

class,

.&,hard; AS; E3CIST; N as NG; this-

REFEREE
See Judge.

To return to a good state;

-v.
n. Amendment of
to be amended.

n. 1. Act of referring,
2. Reor state of being referred.
spect
intimaheed.
3. Allusion
tion*
4. One of whom inquiries can
be made in regard to another. 5. A
passage referred to.
Re-fr'Ri-ble a. Admitting of being referred referable.
Re-fIne', v. t. or i. [-ED -TNG.] To
free from impurities to make or become pure.

( .

what

Ref'er-enoe,

is

defective, vicious, corrupt, or

depraved.
Syn. Reformation
correction.

See

To purify;

clarify

Re-fin'ed-ly, adv.

defecate.

In a refined

manner.

Re-fine'ment,

n. 1. Act of refining,
or state of being refined.
2. High
culture elegance. 3. An over-nicesubtilty.
ty an affected
;

or

ing,

state

of being

change from worse

Syn.

is

comprehensive

is applied to subjects that are more important, and results in changes which are more lasting.

Act of forming

n.

anew.

[reformatory.

Re-form'A-TIVE, a. Forming again

Re-f6rm'a-TO-ry (50), a. Tending
;

produce reformation.

Re-form'er, n. One who effects a

Re-fin'er, n. One Mho refines.
reformation.
Re-fin'eR-y, n. The place and appaRe-form'ist, n.
One who is of the
ratus for refining metals, sugar, &c.
reformed
religion.
[-ted;
-ting.]
Re-fIt', v. t. or i.
Re-fract',
[-ed;-ing.]
v. t.
[Lat
To fit or prepare again to repair.
refringere. refractin/i re, again, back,
RE-FLECT', V. t. [-EDJ-ING.] [Lat.
and
frangere,
to break.] To cause to
reflectere, reflexum; re, again, back,
;

and flectere,

to bend.]

deviate from a direct course, as light.

To cause to
upon any sur- Re-frac'tion, n. 1. Act of refractof.

ing, or state of being refracted.

2.

Change iu the direction of a ray of

To throw back light or
light, heat, or the like.
heat, &c. 2. To rebound as from a.
Re-frXct'1've.
Serving or having
a.
surface.
3. To attend earnestly to
power
to refract.
what passes within the mind.. 4. To
Re-fract'o-ri-ness,
n. 1. Perverse
cast, reproach
or sullen obstinacy. 2. Difficulty of
Re-flec'tion, n.
[Written also rev.

1.

i.

[Lat.

flexion.]

RE-

See

reflexio.

fusion

said of metals.

FLECT.]
1.
Act of reflecting, or RE-FR*T'0-RY,a.
See Refract.]
state of being reflected.
2. Capacity

[Lat. refractarius.
1. Sullen or per-

verse in opposition or disobedience.

forjudging rationally, esp. in view of
2. Difficult of fusion, as metals.
a moral rule or standard. 3. That
a.
REf'ra-ga-ble,
[Lat. refragari,
which is produced by reflection esCapable of beto oppose, to resist.]
pecially thoughts suggested by truth.
refuted.
ing
4. Censure
reproach cast.
Re-flect'ive, a 1. Throwing back Re-frain', v. t. [-ED -ing.] [L. Lat.
refrangere ; Lat. re, again, back, and
images.
2.
Capable of exercising
frangere, to break.] To keep from
thought.
action or within prescribed bounds.
Re-flect'OR. n. 1. One who reflects.
Syn. To forbear; abstain.
2. A polished surface for reflecting
The burden of a song.
n.
light or heat, as a mirror, &c.
;

[See Reflect.] 1. Diretroactive.

2. Prorected back
duced in reaction, resistance, or return. 3. (Bat.) Rent back; reflected. 4. {Physiol.) Produced by stim-

Re'flex,

a.

Re-fran/Gi-bil'I-ty,

Disposin.
tion of rays of light to be refracted.
a. [See Refract.]
Capable of being refracted, as light.

Re-fran'gi-ble,

Re-fresh', v.t. [-ed; -ing.] To

restore strength, spirit, animation, or
ulus without the necessary interventhe like, to.
tion of consciousness.
Re-fresh'ment,
1. Act of ren.
RE-FLEX/I-BlL'i-TY, n.
Quality of
freshing, or state of being refreshed.
being reflexible.
[reflected.
,
refreshes
esp. food.
2.
That
which
Re-flex'i-BLE a. Capable of being
Re-flex'Ive, a.
Bending or turn- Re-frig'er-ant, a. Cooling; allayabates
heat.
n.
That
which
ing
ed backward reflective.
heat.
Rgf'ltj-ence, )a- [From refluent.']
RE-FRIG'ER-ATE,
t.
[-ED;
-ING.]
V.
Ref'lu-en-cy,
A flowing back.
[Lat. refrigerare, -r alum, it. re, again,
Ref'lu-ent, a. [Lat. reflitens, flowand frigus, frigoris, coolness.] To
ing back.] Flowing back ebbing.
cool
to refresh.
Re'flux (126), n. A flowing back, as
Re-frIg'er-A'tion. n. Act of coolof a fluid ebb.
ing state of being cooled.
d .-fORM',. t. [-ED; -ING.j [Lat.
reformare; re, again, and formare, to Re-frig'er-A-tIve, a. Cooling; allaying heat
refrigerant.
n.
A
form.] 1. To form or shape anew. 2.
cooling medicine.
To restore to a former good state, or
Re-frig'er-a'tor, n. 1. A box for
bring from bad to good
Syn, See Amend.
keeping articles cool by means of ice.
;

A, E,

I,

back.]

Shelter or pro-

Re-fOl'GENCE, in. Brilliancy radiRe-ful'Gen-cy,

ance; splendor.
Re-ful'GENT, a. [Lat. refulgens.]
;

a bright

light

radiant

splendid.

Re-fDnd',

v.

[-ED;-ING.] [Lat.
again, back, and J un-

t.

refundere; re,
der*, to pour.]

RE-FUS'A-BLE,
Re-fus'AL, n.

To repay,

to restore

Admitting refusal
Act of refusing. 2.

a.
1.

Right of taking in prelerence

to oth-

ers.

Re-fuse',

[-ed; -ING.] [Corrupted partly from Lat. refutare, to

drive back, to repel, partly from rev.

t.

cusare, to decline.]
1. To deny, as
2. To decline to accept
to reject
v. i. To
decline to accept something offered.

a request, demand, &c.

REF'UE,a.
less.

n.

Rejected; hence, worth*

That which

rejected as

is

1.

return after striking

2. To give back an image
face.

flee

tection from danger or distress.

REf/tj-gee', n. One who flees to a
foreign power or country fur safety.

Casting

to better.

thorough and
change than reform. It

to

apparatus for rapid cooling

connected with a still, &c.
[Lat. refuginm, fr. ren.

REF'UGE.

"

reformed

Reform. Reformation

more

Rf^FOR-MA'TlON,

An

2.

fugere, to

amendment
Reformation.
[-ed -ing.]
To

Re-form', v. t.
form anew or a second time.
REF'OR-MA'TION, n. Act of reform-

Syn.

REGARDFUL

356

n. One to whom a thing,

esp. a matter in dispute, is referred.

REF'ER-EE',
Syn.

5, v,Y,long; A, 12,

1,

6, U,Y, short;

Re-fus/er, n. One who refuses.

RE-FUT'A-BLE,a. Admitting of being
refuted.

Ref'u-ta'tion,

n.

Act of

or state of being refuted

Re-fut'a-to-ry,

refuting,

disproof

Tending to

a.

of.

re-

fute or disprove.

Re-fute',

v.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

[Lat

refutare; re,ag.tin, back, and

Lat.
futare, to argue.]
To prove to be
false or erroneous.
Syn. See Confute.

Re-GAW,
cover, as

t.
[-ed; -ing.] Torewhat has escaped or been

v.

fost.

Re'gal,

a.
[Lat. regalis ; rex, regis,
king.]
Pertaining to a kin^ ; kingroyal.
Re-gale', v. t. [-ED; -ING ] [Either from Lat. regalis, royal, or fr. Sp.
gala, pleasinsr address, choicest part
of a thing.] To entertain in a princely or sumptuous manner
hence, to
gratify
to refresh.
n.
princely
entertainment.
[tertainment.
Re-gale'ment,w. Refreshment; enRe-ga'li-a, n. pi. [L. Lat., fr. Lat.
regalis, regal.]
1. Symbols or paraphernalia of royalty. 2. Insignia of
an office or order.
Re-gal'i-ty, n.
[L. Lat. regalitas;
Lat. regalis, regal.] Royalty ; sovereignty,
[manner.
Re'gal-ly, adv. In a regal or royal
RE-GARD', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr.
regarder, fr. re. and garder, to guard.]
1. To observe
to notice or remark
particularly. 2. To treat as of pecua,

ly

liar

importance.

3.

To hold and

n.
1. Look
aspect. 2. Interested attention of the mind. 3.

treat.

Respect

relation.

[backward.

Re-gArd'ant, a. Looking behind oi

Re-gard'er, n. One who regards.
Re-gard'ful, a. Taking notice ob;

serving with care.

cAre, FAR, Ask, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VglL, TERM; PIQUE, riRM

S6N,

REGARDLESS
R3-GARD'eess,

a.

REITERATE

357

Not looking or

at-

tending.

Reg'is-trar,

n.

A keeper

of public

[ing in a register.

records.

Syn. Heedless negligent; careless. REG'IS-TRA'TION, n. Act of insertRe-gard'less-ly, adv. Heedlessly. Reg'is-try, n. 1. Act of recording
RE-GAT'TA, n. ; pi. RE-GAT'TAS.
in a register. 2. Place where a reg;

regatta, rigatta, fr. riga, a line,

row.]
rowing match of boats.
Re'GEN-CY, n. 1. Office, jurisdiction,
or dominion of a regent. 2. Body of
men intrusted with, vicarious government,
[regenerated.
Re-gen'er-a-CY, n. State of being
ItE-GEN'ER-ATE, V. t. [-EJD -ING.J
[Lat. regenerare, -ratum; re, again,
and generare, to beget.] 1. To generate or produce anew.
2. To cause
to be spiritually born anew.
a.
Changed from a natural to a spirit[It.

ual state.

Re-gen'er-ate-ness,

State of

n.

being regenerated.

Re-gen'ER-A'TION,

n. 1. Act of regenerating, or state of being regenerated.

2. Entrance upon a new
spiritual

life.

Re-gen'er-a-tive,
ing

a.

a. Of,

2.

n.

One who

1.

2. One who governs a kingrules.

dom in the place of the sovereign. 3.

One of a governing board.

n.
Power or office of

Re 'gent-ship,

a regent regency.
REG'I-CIDE, n.
[Lat. rex,
;

and csedere, to
who murders a king.
king,

regis,

kill.]

2.

1.

The

One

killing

of a king.

Regime

(ra/zheem'), n. [Fr.
Mode
or style of rule administration.
|

ReG'I-MEN,

n.
[Lat., fr. regere, to
guide, rule.] 1. Orderly government.
2. Systematic use of food and drink,

and the
(Gram.)
between

necessaries
of life. 3.
(a.)
relation of syntax

two

huckster's trade] 1. To remove the

outer surface of, as of an old hewn
stone.
2. To forestall.
Re'GRESS, n.
[Lat. regressus, fr.
back, and gradi, to step, to go.]
Return.
2. Power or liberty of

words

government.

The words governed.

REG'I-ment, n.
[Lat. regimentum;
regere, to guide, rule.]
A body of
men, commanded by a colonel, usu(b.)

ally consisting of ten

IIEG/i-ment'al,, a.

re,

1.

re-

[returning.

turning,

queritari,
1. RulExercising vica-

[Lat. regens.]

ing; governing
rious authority

A
A

Re-gres'sion (-gresh'un), n. Act of

Re-gress'ive, a. Passing back.
Re-seet', f. i. [-ted; -ting.] [Pr.
or belongregrelter, Lat. re, again, back, and

to, regeneration.

Re'gent,

ister is kept.
REG'LET, n. [Fr. reglet, dim. of regie,
a rule.]
1.
kind of tiat, narrow
2.
molding.
thin strip of wood
used instead of a lead in printing.
REG'NANT, a. [Lat. regnans.] 1.
prevaReigning.
2. Predominant
lent.
Re-grate', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Pr.
regratter, to scrape again, to drive a

companies.
Belonging to a

regiment.

to

complain vehemently.]

2. To look back
1. To be sorry for.
at with sorrowful longing.
n.
1.
Pain of mind at something causing
unhappiness. 2. Pain of conscience.
Syn.
Repentance; remorse.
do
not apply the word regretto that sorrow
for the past which involves a sense of
guilt; this belongs to reniorse or repentance. We regret the losst or absence of
friends, &c, but the word is now more
commonly applied to the pain we feel

We

for lost opportunities, or for early follies,

for carelessness, &e.

Re-GRET'FUL, a.
Re-GRET'ta-ble,

Pull of regret.

Admitting

a.

a rule.]

a.

1.

as the troops of a standing army.

Syn.
See Normal.
n.
1. A full member of auy re-

ligious order. 2. A soldier belonging

to a standing army.
Reg'u-lar'I-tv, n. Quality of being

method uniformity.
Reg'u-lar-ly, adv. In due order.
regular

Restora-

n.

tion to former rights.

[-heard

Re-hear', v. t.
ing.] To hear

-hear-

or try a second time.

1. Act of rehearsing, or state of being rehearsed.
2. Recital of a piece before the public exhibition of it.
Re-hearse', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Prob.
1. To refr. prefix re and hear say.]
peat, as what has been already said.
to relate.
3. To re2. To narrate
cite beforehand in private.

Re-hears'AL

(14), n.

Rei'gle

(rd'gl), n.

a rule, a
channel for

[0. Fr.,

See Ritle.]
guiding any thing.
line.

REJGN

[Lat. regnum, from

(ran), n.
regere, to rule.] 1. Royal authority
;

supreme power. 2. The time a sov[-ED ;

v. i.
ereign's rule lasts.
-ING.] 1. To possess sovereign pow3.
er or authority. 2. To prevail.

To have uncontrolled dominion.

ReMm-burse',

v.

To pay back.
indemnify.

1.

to

t.

2.

[-ed;-ing.]
To pay back to
;

Re'-im-bOrse'ment,

n. Repayment.
Rein (ran), n. [L. Lat. retina, Lat. retinaculum, fr. retinere, to hold back.]
Strap of a bridle, to restrain and

[-ED;
v.t.
govern a horse, &c.
-ING.] 1. To govern by a bridle. 2.

To

restrain.

Rein'deer

(ran'-

A ruminant mammal of
the deer kind.

[Lat. regvlaris ; reguConformed to rule.

2. Governed by rule
uniform in
course or practice.
3. Permanent,
la,

privilege.

Re'ha-bil/i-ta'tion,

~de6r.]
of,

or deserving, regret.

Reg'u-LAR,

flowing back by the orifice of en

trance. 2. Act of swallowing again.
RE'HA-BIL'1-TATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
To restore to a former right, rank, or

Reins,
ren^
1.

2.

n. pi. [Lat.
renes.]

pi.

The kidneys.
Lower part of

the back, over

the kidneys. 3.
affections
The
and passions.
Re'-in-staxl', V.

-ja*--

Reindeer.
t.

[-ED

-ING.]

To

install again.

[-ED; -ING.]
RE'-IN-STATE', V. t.
To place again in possession, or in a

REG'I-MENT'AES, n. pi.
Uniform REG'U-LATE, v. t. [-EB -ING.] [Lat.
former state.
worn by the troops of a regiment.
regulate* -latum, fr. regula, a rule.] Re'-in-sur'ance (-shrjr 7 -), n.
Re'GION (re'jun), n. [Lat. regio. a
1. To adjust by rule.
2. To put- in
surance" a second time or again.
;

direction, a boundary -line, region.]

1.
territory of indefinite extent
district. 2. Neighborhood
vicinity.

KEG'IS-TER. n.
fr.

[L. Lat. registrum,

Lat. re, back, and gerere, to car1. A written account or entry.

ry.]

In-

RE'-lN-syRE'^in-shur'),^. t. [-ED
-ING.] ~ To insure, as property, in
Act of regu-

good order.

Reg'u-ea'tion,

n.
1.
lating, or state of being regulated.
2. A prescribed rule or order.
Reg'u-LA'TOR, n. 1. One who regulates.
2. A contrivance to produce

favor of one

sured

who has

previously in[invest anew.

it.

Re'-in-vest',

v.

t.

ReV-in-VEST'ment,

[-ED

-ING.] To
second or

n.

[vigor inThe one who keeps such an acrepeated investment.

uniformity of motion.
To revivo
count. 3. That which registers, re- REG'u-LiJS, n.
Eng.pl. REG'U-LUS- ReM'n-vig'or-ate, v. t.
n.
(rSz'ef-t'en'de),
cords, or regulates applied to vaE Lat. pi. reg'u-lI. [Lat. ^pet- Reis-effendi
rious mechanical contrivances.
4.
ty king, prince.] The pure metal,
[Ar. reis, head, chief. See Effendi.J
foreign
afCorrespondence of pages, or columns
for
which in the melting of ores, falls to
A Turkish minister
on the opposite sides of the sheet. 5.
the bottom.
fairs.
Compass, or a portion of the com- RE-GfjR'GI-TATE,r. t. [-ED -ING.] Re-is'sue (-Ysh/shu), v. t. To issue a
2.

pass, of a voice or instrument.

v. t.
[-ED;-ING.] To record; to enroll;
to enter in a list.
v. i.
To correspond in relative position, as the
pages of a printed sheet.

b&, DQ,

wolf,too

[L. Lat. regurgitate, -tatum ; Lat. re,

again, back, and gurges, a gulf.] To
throw or pour back in great quantity.
v i _ To be poured back.
RE-GfjR/GI-TA'TlON, n.
1. Act of

xoc>I; fjRN, RUE, pi/el

E,-I. o. silent

second' time.

n.

second or

re-

peated issue.

RE-IT'ER-ATE,

l\

t.

[-ED

-ING.] To

say or do repeatedly.

Svn. To

g,G,so/i,- e,&,harcl;

repeat.-

To

repeat

is

to

Ag} EXIST; NasNG; this.

REITERATION
declaration, but went
in various forms.

on

Re-It'ER-a'tion, n.

to reiterate it

Continued rep-

etition.

RE-JECT',

v.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]
[Lat.
back, and ja-

rejicere,rejectum; re,
cere, to throw.]
1. To throw away.
2. To refuse to receive, or to grant.
e-JE'tion, 71.
Act of rejecting;
refusal to accept or grant.

[-ed;-ing.]
v. i.
[0.
Eng. rejoisse, Fr. rcjoivr, fr. re and
jouir, to enjoy.] To feel joy in a high

^Re-joice',

degree.

v.

To make joyful.

t.

v. t. [-ed;-ing.] To join
to unite after separation.
v. i.
To answer to a reply.
1. An answer to a
Re-JOIN'DER, n.
reply: or, in general, an answer. 2.
The defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication.
Re-ju've-nate, v. t. [Lat. re, again,

Re-join',
again

REMAND

358

express a second time. To reiterate is to repeat again and again; as,

he was not satisfied with rcpeatituj his
titter or

Re -lXx'a-tIve

Having the qual-

a.

from a post or station by substitution of others.

(-lTj'un), n.
[Lat. religio,
either from rtlegere, to collect again,
religens, pious, or from religare, to

ity of relaxing.
n. [Fr. relais, taxation, dis-

RE-LIG'ION

Re-lay',

continuance, from Lat. relaxare, to

relax.] A supply of horses, arranged
beforehand for affording relief from
[second time.
time to time.
Re-lay', v. t. [-ED -ING.] To lay a
Re-leas'A-BLE, a. Capable of being

bind anew, to bind

nition of

fast.]

Recog-

1.

object of worship,

Any system

RE-LiG'iON-isaU-lij/un-), n. Practice

released.

Re-lease',

Relay,

God as an

love, and obedience

2.
of faith and worship.

v.

n.]

[-ed;-ing.] [See
of, or adherence
set free from re- Re-lig'ion-ist

t.

To

1.

sibility.

3.

Re-lig'jous

(-llj'us), a.

Stn. Pious

Act of releasing.

n.

One

1 Relating
to religion.
2. Possessing, or agreeing with, religion.
3. Scrupulously
faithful or exact.

A quitclaim.

Re-lease'ment,

to, religion

(-lij'un-!, n.
bigotedly devoted to a religion.

straint
to give liberty to. 2. To let
n.
1. Act of
go, as a legal claim.
2.
freeing, or state of being freed
Discharge from obligation or respon-

godly

holy

devout.

Re-leas'er, n. One who releases.

Re-lig'ious-ly (-lij'us-), adv. In a
Rel'e-gate, v.t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
religious manner.
relegare, -gatinn ; re, again, back, Re-lin'quish (-link/wish), v. t. [-ed
and legare, to send with a commis-ING.]
[Lat. rdinquere
re, again,
sion ]
To remove to consign to
back, and linqvere, to leave.] 1. To
remand to banish.
withdraw from to leave behind. 2.
To render Rel'e-ga'tion, n. Removal; conTo renounce a claim to.
and juvenis, young.]
signment banishment.
Re-li.\'QUISH-ment, n. Act of quit[ing of youth.
young again.
ting or of renouncing a claim.
Re-JU'VE-NES'CENOE, n. A renew- RE -LENT', v. i. [-ED -ing.] [Fr.
ralentir, fr. Lat. lentus, pliant.]
To REL'I-QUA-RY, n. [L. Lat. reliquiaRe-kin'dle (-kln'dl), v. t. [-ED
become more mild and tender; to
rium. See RELIC] A small chest,
-ING.]
To kindle again to set on
;

fire

anew.

[again.

feel

compassion.

Re-lanu', t). [-ED; -ING.] To land Re-lent'less, a.

distress of others
Re-lapse', v. t. [-ed -ing. [Lat.
;

relabi, relapsus

re,

again, back, and

To

back.
2. To return to a former state or
practice
generally in a bad sense.
A sliding back into a former
n.
badstate.
labi, to fall, slip.]

Re-late',

slide

v.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

relatum

referre,

1.

; re,

[Lat.

again, back,

and

ferre, to bear.]
1. To recount; to
narrate to tell over. 2. To ally by
;

connection or kindred.
pertain

v.

To

i.

to refer.

RE-LAT'ER, n. One who

Re-la'TION, n.
1. Act

kindred

derness.

Re'LES-SEE',

t.ffinity

kinsman.

Having

a.

to

whom

lease is executed.
Re'les-SOR', n. The person
ecutes a release

Rel'e-vanoe,
REL'E-VAN-CY,

Syx.
fitness

a re-

who

and

REL'E-VANT,

a.
[Fr. relevant, raisProperly aping again, relieving.]
plying to the case in hand; perti-

Re-lPa-bTl'I-ty,
of being reliable.

Re-lT'a-ble, a. Suitable or fit to be

trust worthy. [Recent but
relied on

ity of

cating relation.

or indi[related.

n.

1.

State or qual-

n.

being reliable.

condition of being reliant. 2.

of trust.

Unwillingly.
. t.
[-ED: -ING.] [Lat.
reluminare.]
To rekindle ; to light
again.
RE-LY', v. i. [-ED; -ING, 142.] [Prefix re
and lie.] To rest with confidence,
as the mind.
RE -MAIN', v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
remanere ; re, again, back, and manere, to stay.] 1. To stay behind
to

Ground

not absolute. 3.
part of the body, of deceased saints.
Expressing relation.
n.
One who,
3. Any memorial.
or that which, relates to something Rel'IT, n. [Lat. relicta f. of relictus,
else
esp. one connected by blood.
A widow.
left behind.]
REL'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In relation or Re-lief', n. 1. Act of relieving, or
respect to something else.
removal of
state of being relieved
StE-LAX', v. t.
[-ed
-ING.]
[Lat.
any evil. 2. Release from a post, or
relaxare ; re, again, back, and laxare,
from duty. 3. That which relieves.
to loose.] 1. To make less close, firm,
4. Prominence of a figure above the
else

left.
2. To continue in a fixed
place, or an unchanged form, &c
remainder1. Relic;
chiefly
n.
2. A corpse
only
in the plural.
in the plural.
3. Literary works of

be

<

rigid, or tense.

2.

To make

less se-

Re-lu'tant-LY, adv.

<

something

again,

like the

Act of relying, or RE-LTJME',

Re-la'TION-SHIP, n. State of being REL'IG, n. [Lat. reliquiae, pi., fr. reRet/A-tIve, a. 1. Haviug relation
1. That
linquere, to leave behind.]
respecting. 2. Arising from relation
which remains. 2. Body, or some
to

[0. Fr.

re,

To

1.

legitimate.]

Re-li'a-ble-ness,

lick.\

fr.

State or quality

n.

Eng.

appositeness.

anew,

ex-

In.

propriety

lecher,

relic.

[--ed: -ing.]

t.

taste of; hence, to enjoy. 2. To give

a pleasing flavor to.
v. i. To have
a pleasing taste to give pleasure.
n.
1. A pleasing taste.
2. Inclination or taste for. 3. The smallest
perceptible quantity.
4. Something
taken with food to render it more
palatable.
[relished.
REL'ISH- A-BLE, a. Worthy of being
Re-luct', v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
reluct ari ; re, again, against, and lvc~
tari, to struggle.] To make resistance
Re-lO'tance, n. State or quality
of being reluctant aversion of mind.
Re-lU'tant, a. [Lat. reluctans.] 1.
Striving against.
2. Granted with
reluctance. [See AVERSE.]

State of being
relevant.
)
npplicableness
Pertinence

Re-lI'ANCE,

Re-la'TION-AL,

One

n.

r.

relec/ier, to taste

description

Rel'ish,

nent; applicable.

relates.

of relating
2. State
also, that which is related.
3.
of being related or of referring.
Connection by consanguinity or affinity, or a person so connected.
Recital; narration; account;
Sy>t
tale;

box, or casket for relics.

Rel-'ique' (-eekO, n. A

Insensible to the
destitute of ten-

ground or plane.

[relieved.

one who is dead.

Re-iviain'der, n.

Any thing

left,

vere or rigorous. 3. To relieve from

constipation.
v. i.
1. To become
loosened or feeble. 2. To abate in

severity.

RE'LAX-A'TlON.n.

relevare, to lift up, to relieve.] 1. To

to
cause to rise, or to seem to rise
set off by contrast. 2. To render less
burdensome or afflicting. 3- To free
from any trial or evil. 4. To release

after separating

1.

0,U,Y, long; AjEjIjO, U, , short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

and removing a part.

We

may speak of
Balance.
"the balance of an account " butto use
this word for remainder, as " the balance of the week," is a gross vulgaris:n.

Syn.

Act of relaxing,
or state of being relaxed. 2. Remission from attention and effort.

$.,,!,

Re-lie v'a-ble, a. Capable of being

Re-lie VE',r. t. [-ed: -ing.] [Lat.

Re-mand',
reman dare

v.
;

t.

re,

[-ed

-ing.] [Lat.
again, back, and
;

WHAT; ERE, VEIL TERM; PIQUE, FIRM

5

SON,

REMARK
mandare, to commit.] To recommit,

mit

or send back.

To abate

Re-mark',

v.

remarquer
to mark.]

[-ed

t.

re,

again,

To take

1.

RENITENT

359
v.i.
to a distance, as money.
in force or in violence.
)
1. Act of remitn.
ting.
2. State of
)

Re-MIT'MENT,
and marquer, Re-mit'tal,
-ing.]

notice

[Fr.

being remitted.

2.

of.

RE-MU'NER-ATE,

[-ED, -ING/\
V. t.
[Lat. remunerare, -ratum ; re, again,
back, and munerare, to give.]
To
pay an equivalent to for any service
or sacrifice.
Re-mu'ner-a'tion, n. 1. Act of remunerating. 2. That which is given

words or writing to Re-mit'tance, n.

1. Act of trans1. Act of
n.
mitting money, &c, to a distant
call attention to.
to remunerate.
remarking. 2 A casual observation.
place.
2. Sum or thing remitted.
Syk. To observe notice. To ob- RE-MlT'TENT, a. Having remissions Re-mu'ner-A-tive, a. Intended or
serve is to keep or hold a tiling distinctly
fitted to remunerate.
from time to time.
before the mind. To remark is simply REM'NANT,
Affording
n.
[0. Fr. remanent, Re-mu'ner-A-to-ry, a.
to mark or take note of whatever may
recompense.
remainant,
RESee
remaining.
come up. To notice implies still less
MAIN.] 1. What remains after a Re'NAL, a. [Lat. renalis ; renes, kidcontinuity of attention.
[tice.
neys.] Pertaining to the kidneys.
v.i.
To say or observe.
part is removed, performed, &c.
2.

To express

in

Ren'ard, n. [0. II. Ger. Reinhart,

Re-Mark'a-ble, a. Worthy of noA slight trace a fragment.
i. e., strong in counsel, the name of
Re-Mark'a-ble-ness, n. Quality of Re-mod'el, v. t. [-ed -ing, 137.]
A fox
the fox in a German epic]
being remarkable.
To model anew.
so called in fables, &c.
Re-mark'a-bly, adv. In a remark- Re-mon'strance, n. 1. ExpostulaRe-nas'cence, n.
State of being
[remedied.
able manner.
tion.
2. Earnest advice or reproof.
produced again.
Re-ME'DI-A-BLE, a. Capable of being RE-MON'STRANT,a. Inclined or tendRe-ME'DI-AL, a. Affording a remedy.
ing to remonstrate; expostulatory. RE-NAS'CENT, a. [Lat. renascens, p.
RE-MED'I-LESS, or IlEM'E-DI-LESS
pr. of renasci, to be born again.]
n.
One who remonstrates.
1. Incapable of being re- RE-MON'STRATE.r. 7.
Springing into being again.
[-ED; -ING.]
(113), a.
2.
stored, changed, or prevented.
[Low lat. rt-monstrare, -stratum, fr. Hen-gon'TRE, )n. [Fr. rencontre,
Eng. re, and enIneffectual powerless.
Lat. re, again, back, and monstrare, Ren-OUN'ter, j
counter.']
1. A meeting of two.
2.
REM'E-DY, n. [Lat. rem?diu?n; re,
to show.]
To present strong reasons
;

again,

which

and

raederi, to cure.] 1. That

cures a disease. 2. That which

counteracts an

v.

V.

rememorare

[-ED

t.

re,

A sudden contest without premedita To expostulate. We expostu- tion.

when we unite argument and en- Ren-OUN'ter, v. L To meet an en-

in opposition.

Syx.

[-ed;

t.

To apply a remedy

-ING. 142.]

RE-MEM'BER,
[Lat.

evil.

late

treaty to dissuade

to.

some one from the

course he has chosen.

-ING.]
a^ain, and

we go

emy unexpectedly to skirmish.

When we remon- Rend, v. t. [rent; rending.] [A.;

further, and show or set

forth, in the strongest terms, the danger
or the guilt of his pursuing it.

strate,

memorare to bring to remembrance.]

to recall. RE-MON'STRA-TOR, n.
1. To bring to mind again
One who re2. To keep in mind
to preserve in
monstrates.
the memory.
Re -MORSE', n.. [Lat. remordere, reRe-mem'brance, n. 1. Act of remorsum, to bite again or back, to
membering. 2. State of being retorment.] Keen or gnawing pain exmembered memory. 3. A memocited by a sense of guilt.
rial
a memento.
4. Time within
Syn. See Compunctiox; Kegret.
which a fact can be remembered.
RE-MEM'BRAN-CER, n. One who, or Re-m6rse'ful, a. 1. Full of re,

morse.

that which, serves to bring to, or

2.

Compassionate.

[cruel.

rendan.] 1. To tear asunder. 2.

To part or tear off forcibly.
Ren'der, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L. Lat.
rendere, fr. Lat. reddere, with n inserted.] 1. To return
to restore. 2.
S.

To inilict ^is a retribution. 3. To

give on demand. 4. To furnish to
contribute. 5. To make up to deliver.
6. To cause to be, or to become. 7. To translate to interpret
;

8. To boil down and clarify.

REN'DEZ-VOUS(ren de-vob), n.
/

[Fr.

Re-MORSE'less, a. Without remorse

rendez vous render yourselves, repair
To put Re-mote', a. [-er -est.] [Lat. reto a place.]
A place for meeting,
motus, removed.] 1. Distant in time
rememcsp. a place for troops or ships to asor place.
2. Not agreeing, accordbrance of.
[which, reminds.
semble at.
v. t. or /. [-ed
-ING.]
ing, or being related
in figurative
RE-MIND'ER, n. One who, or that
To assemble at a particular place.
uses.
1. Power of
Ren-di'tion (-dish/on), n. 1. Act of
Rem/I-HIS'CENCE, n.
At a distance in
recalling to mind. 2. That which is Re-mote'ey, adv.
rendering or returning; surrender,
space, time, consanguinity, &c.
remembered or recalled to mind.
as of fugitives from justice. 2. TransRem'i-n'is'cent, a. [Lat. reminiseens, Re-mote'ness, n. Estate of being relation.
mote distance.
Capable of calling, or
Ren'e-gade, n, [L. Lat. renegarecollecting.]
Re-MOUJNT', v. t.ori. [-ED; -ing.] Ren'E-GA'do,
tits, fr. renegare, to
inclined to call, to miud.
To mount again.
Re-mise'. l\ t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
deny.]
One faithless to principle
Capacity of
remittere, remission, to send back.] Re-MOV'a-BIL'i-TY, n.
or party especially, an apostate from
being removable.
[ing removed.
a religious faith.
To release a claim to.
Re-miss', a. [Lat. remissus, p. p. of Re-mo v'a-ble, a. Admitting of be- Re-neW (-nfl'j, v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
1. Act of removing.
1. Mot RE-MOV'AL, n.
remittere, to seud back.]
1. To make over as good as new.
2.
2. State of being removed
change
careful or prompt in duty or busiTo begin again. 3. To repeat. 4.
lanof place.
ness.
2. Lacking earnestness
To furnish again. 5. To make new
keep

in,

mind.

Re-mind',
in mind

v.

[-ed-, -ing.]
to bring to the
t:

[remitted.
Capable of being

guid,

Re-mIs'SI-BEE, a.
Re-mis'SION (-mish/un),

n.

Re-move', v.

[Lat. reAct of re-

missio. See Remit.] 1.

mitting.
2. Relinquishment of a
3. A
claim, right, or obligation.
temporary subsidence of the violence
of a disease or of pain
State of being
Re-miss'ness, n.
remiss want of ardor or vigor.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

removere ; re, again, back, and movere, to move.] 1. To cause to change
place.
2. To cause to cease to be
v. i. To change
hence, to banish.
place in any manner.
n.
1. Act
2. State of being reof removing.
moved. 3. That which is removed.
4. Space through which any thing is
t.

[renewed.

spiritually.

Re-new'a-ble,

Capable of being
Act of renewing;
act of forming anew. 2. That which

Re-ne\v'al,
is

n.

a.

1.

renewed.

RE-NEW'ED-LY(-nuV-), adv.
once more.

Re-new'er
REn'i-form,

Again;
[renews.

(re-nil'er), n.
a.
[Lat. renes,

One who
kidneys,

removed interval. 5. A step iu any

and/orwa, form.] Having the shape
scale of gradation.
[-ted; -ting.] [Lat.
of a kidney.
1. To give Re -mov'er, n.
remittere, to send back.]
One who removes.
Re-ni'tence, )n. Resistance reup to surrender. 2. To relax iu in- Re-mu'ner-A-ble, a. Capable of be- Re-ni'ten'cy, J luctanco.
tensity.
inc;, or proper to be, remuuerated.
Re-nI'TENT, a. [Lat. renitens, striv3. To forgive. 4. To trans;

Re-mit',

v. t.

6r, bq, wolf. to o 3 TOOK; URN, rue,

PULL

E,

J,

O, silent

Q,d,soft; ,Q,hard; Asj EXIST;

N.

as

ng; this-

RENNET
Resisting
ing against, resisting.]
pressure or the effect of it.
n. [A.-S. gerinnan, to curdle, fr. rinnati, rennan, to run.] Inner membrane of the fourth stomach
of the calf, or a preparation of it, for
coagulating milk.
Re-nounce', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
renunciare ; re, again, back, and nunTo reject, as a
ciare, to announce.]
title or claim, or a connection or pos[claiming.
session to give up.

ftEN'NET,

Re-Nounce'ment,
REN'O-VATE,

v.

t.

Act of disn.
[Lat. renovare,

again, back, and novare,

to make new.] To make over again
to make as good as new.
REN'O-VA'TION, n. 1. Act of renovating. 2. State of being renovated.
Re-NOWN', n. [From re, again, and

-vatum

re,

nomen, name.] Fame; celebrity.

RE-NOWN.ED', a. Having great ceLat.

Rep'AR-TEE',

[Fr. repartte ; ren.

smart,
partir, to reply, to divide.]
ready, and witty reply.

Syn. See Retokt.

Syn.- See Famous.

Rent, imp. &

p. p. of

Famously.

Rend.

n.

1.

v.

t.

Lat. repascere, to feed again.] 1. Act

2. That which is
of taking food.
taken as food.

An

rend.]

a.

1.

Causing

to

Reverberated.

2.

n. [Lat. repertorimn,
reperire, to find again.]
1.

which things are so disposed

that they can be easily found. 2. A
treasury a magazine.
REP'E-TENJJ', n. [Lat repetendus, fr.
repetere, to repeat.] That part of a
repeating decimal which recurs conplace in

tinually

'

paid or refunded.

RE-PAY'MENT, n.
back. 2. Money

1. Act of paying
or other thing re-

paid.

Re-peal', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

re and appellare.] To recall, as a deed,
will, or statute

to abrogate.

To

abolish revoke rescind;

recall
annul abrogate; cancel.
revoke what lias been declared or established; properly speaking, a law is repealed only by a Legislature which has
power to do so. An edict or power of
attorney is revoked, statutes are repealed.
speak of the revocation of the Edict
of Nantes, and of the agitation which
was so long carried on for the repeal of
the Irish Union.

Syn.

We

reverberate.

Re-pay', r. t. [-paid -paying.] 1. REP E-Ti'TION (-tish'un), n. Act

of
To pay back. 2. To make return for.
repeating esp., recital from memory.
Re-pay'A-ble, a. The is to be re- REP'E-Ti'TloCs (-tish'us),
a.
Con-

We
opening made by
rending. 2. A schism a separation.
3. [From Lat. reddita, things given
back, paid. See Render.] A perin. Revocation; abrogation.
odical profit, issuiug out of lands
Re-peAL'A-ble, a. Capable of being
and tenements in return for the use.
[seeks a repeal.
repealed.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To lease. 2.
Re-peal'er, n. One who repeals or
v. i. T
To take and hold by lease.
,^|Re-peat', v.t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
[rented.
be leased or let for rent.
repetere; re, again, and petere, to atRENT'A-BLE, a. Admitting of being
tack.] 1. To do, tr3 make, or utter
Rent'al, n. A schedule or account
again. 2. To do or say what one has
rent-roll.
rents
a
of
already done or said. [See REITERRen'ter, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
2.
ATE.]
n. 1. Act of repeating.
[From

Re'per-cuss'Ive,

Rep'ER-TO-RY,
from

or i. [ED -ING.] To
pass again to pass back.
Re-past', n. [L. Lat. repastus, from

Re-pAss',

lebrity.

RE-MOWN'ED-LY,arff.

REPORTER

360

taining repetition.

[ed -ing.] To inv. i.

dulge in envy or complaint.
Re-pin'er, n. One who repines.
Re-place', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To

Re-pine',

restore to a former place or condition. 2. To supply or substitute an

equivalent

for.

Re-place'ment,
Re-plant',

v.

Act of replacing.
[-ed; -ing.] To

n.

t.

plant again.

Re-plen'ish,

v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. re, again, and plenus, full.] To
up again; hence, to fill completely.
RE-PLEN'lsn-MENT,n. 1. Act of replenishing, or state of being replenfill

ished\

2.

That which replenishes.

Re-plete',

[Lat. repletus, filled

a.

Completely

again, filled up.]

Re-ple'tion,

filled.

Superabundant

n.

fullness, esp. of blood

plethora.
RE-PLE'TIVE, a. Replenishing.
Re-plv'IN, n. [L. Lat. replevina.]
personal action or a writ to recover
:

goods and chattels wrongfully taken

or detained.
3. That
That which is repeated.
Re-plev'y,.
t. [-ED: -ING, 142.] [L.
which is to be repeated. 4. Mus.
Lat. replevire. See PLEDGE.] To
A series of dots before and after a
back,
writ, goods and chatget
by
a
[again.
passage to be repeated.
Re-nun'ci-A'tion (-shi-),n. [Lat. re- Re-peat'ed-ly, adv.
tels wrongfully taken or detained,
Again and
nunciatic] Act of renouncing.
upon
giving
a
certain
security.
Re-peat'er, n. One who, or that
Syn. Disownment disavowal
which, repeats especially, a watch REP'LI-CA'TJON, n. [Lat. replicatio .]
jection; denial; relinquishment.
1.
An
answer
rephy.
2. Reply of
a
that strikes the hours.
the plaintiff, iu matters of fact, to
Re-or'gan-i-za'tion, n.
Act of Re-pel', v. t. [-led; -ling.] [Lat.
the
defendant's
plea.
organizing anew.
repellere, fr. re, back, and pellere, to
[-ed -ing, 142.] [Lat.
RE-OR'GAN-IZE, V. t. [-ED -ING
2. To en- RE-PLY',r.
drive.] 1. To di'ive back.
replicare, to fold back, to make a reTo organize anew.
counter with effectual resistance.
ply.]
1. To make a return to in
REP, n. [Prob. a corruption of rib.] Re-PEL'LENT, a. Able or tending to
words or writing.
2. To auswer a
A stuff with a surface appearing as
n.
That which repels or
repel.
defendant's plea.
v. t. To return
if made of small cords.
[as a plant.
scatters.
for
an
answer.
That which is
n.
[-ed -ing.]
Re-pack', v. t.
To Re'PENT, a. [Lat. repevs.] Creeping,
said or written in answer to another.
pack a second time.
Re-pent', v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [L. Lat.
Re-pair' (4), v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
repcenitere, from Lat. re, again, and
Syn. Rejoinder; answer. A reply is
a distinct response to a formal question
1. To
i eparare ; re, again, back, and par are,
poznitere, to make repent.]
or attack; a rejoinder is a reply to areto prepare.] 1. To restore to a sound
feel sorrow for something done or
ply in a protracted discussion.
2. To make amends
or good state.
omitted. 2. To change the mind or
v. i.
[Lat.
for; to indemnify for.
course of conduct on accouut of dis- Re-port', r. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
reportare. to bear or bring back.] 1.
repatriare, to return to one's counsatisfaction with what has occurred.
To give an account or statement of.
try, to go home again.] To go to bev. t. To remember with sorrow.
2. To make minutes of, as a speech.
take one's self.
n. Restoration to a RE-PENT'ANCE, n. Act of repenting,
v. i. 1. To make a statement that
sound or good state.
[repaired.
or state of being penitent esp. conis expected or desired. 2. To betake
Re-pair'a-BLE, a. Capable of being
trition for sin.
See CONTRITION.
one's
self as to a superior officer.
Re-pair'er, n. One who repairs.
Re-pEnt'ant, a. Sorry for sin.
n. That which is reported as, (a.)
Rep'A-ra-BLE, a. [Lat. reparabilis.] Re-peo'ple, v. t. [-ed -ING.] To
again, back, and intrahere. to
draw into or along.] To sew together
so that the seam is scarcely visible.
RENT'-ROLL, n. A list of rents.
re,

?'.

Capable of being repaired.

furnish again with inhabitants.
n. 1. Act of repair- RE/pER-eGs'siONt-kush'un),?!. [Lat.
ing.
2. State of being repaired.
3.
repercttssio, fr. re, again, back, and
Indemnification for loss or damage.
per cuter e, to strike through and
Re-par'A-tive, a. Tending to rethrough.] Act of driving back repair restoring to a sound state.
verberation.

Rep'a-ra'tion,

I, E,

I,

O, U, X,long; AjljIjOjtJ, t, short;

sketch account.
relation
(c.
Sound;
repute,
(d.) An official statement of
noise,
facts,
(e.) An account or statement
of a judicial opinion or decision.
Re-port'er, n. One who reports;
Story
(b.)

Rumor;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TJiKMj PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

REPOSAL

tachment to a republican form oi

and decisions,
or suppressed.] Severe reproof for a
government.
[resting.
fault reprehension.
[-ED;
Act of reposing or Re-print', v. t. [-ed; ing.] To RE-PUB'LIC-AN-IZE, v. t.
-ING.]
To convert to republican
[-ed -ing.] [From
print a second or any new edition of.
principles.
again, and pausare, to pause
Re 'PRINT, n. A second or a new im-

esp. law proceedings

or legislative debates.

Re-POS'al, n.
Re-pose', v. t.
Lat.

re,

REQUIRE

361
;

reponere, repositum to replace.] 1. To

cause to be calm or quiet.
2. To
,

place in confidence.

v.

i.

1.

To

lie

2. To rest in confidence.
to rest.
1.
lying at rest; sleep. 2.
n.
Tranquillity. 3. {Fine Arts.) Harmonv which affords rest for the eye.
RE-P6"s/IT, v. t. [-ED
-IMG.] [See
Repose.] To lay up, as for preservation.
Re-pos'I-to-ry, n. [Lat. repositorium. See REPOSE.] A place where
things are or may be' deposited for
safe-keeping.
Re'POS-SESS' (-pos-ses' or -poz-zes'),
v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
To possess again.
RE'POS-Sfis'SION
(-pos-sesh'un
or
-poz-zesh'un), n.
Act or state of
possessing again.

indemnity. 2. That which

fromjin enemy.

REVrE-HEND',

V.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

RE-PUB'LI-CA'TION,

pression or edition specifically , the

publication in one country of a work
previously published in another.
RE-PRlfj'AL, n. [L. Lat. reprensalise, fr.
Lat. re, again, back, and prehendere,
to lay hold of.] 1. Act of taking from
an enemy by way of retaliation or
is

retaken

sure with severity to charge with a

fault in severe language.
:

condemn

n.

1.

upbraid

revile

blame

rebuke

vilify.

2.

An

a.

Deserving

n.
Actofrepudi
ating, or state of being repudiated.
n.
One who repudiates.
RE-PUG'NANCE, 2i. Opposition or
Re-PUG'NAN-CY, ) contrariety, as of
mind, passions, principles, &c.
See

re-

Re-pu'di-a'tor,

proach.

Re-proach'ful,

a.
1. Expressing
reproach. 2. Occasioning or deserving reproach.
Re-pr5ach'ful-ly, adv. In a reof
proachful manner.

[Lat. reprehendere ; re, again, back,

to lay hold of.]
To
chide to reprove.

and prehendere,
;

Rep're-hen'si-ble,
blame censurable.

a.

Worthy

REpre-hEn'si-bly, adv.

In a rep-

RE-PU'DI-A'TION,

object of censure.

Re-proach'A-ble,

Censure with contempt or

derision.

second

RE-PROACH',r.. [ed: -ing.] [Fr.

reproc/ier. Cf. APPROACH.] To cen-

Syn. To

n.

publication, or a new publication of

something before published, especially in another country
a reprint.
Re-pub'lish, v. t. [-ED -ING.] To
specifically applied
publish anew
to the publication in one country of
a work first published in another.
Re-pu'dj-a-ble, a.
Admitting of
repudiation.
RE-PU'DI-ATE, V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. repudiare, -aturn; re, again.
and pudere, to be ashamed.] 1. To
2.
cast off and disavow.
To put
away to divorce. 3. To refuse auy
longer to_ acknowledge or to pay.

Aversion.
REp'RO-bate, v.t. [-ED;-ING.] [Lat. Re-PUG'nant, a. [Lat. repugnans,
fr. re, again, against, and pugnare, to
reprobare, -batum.
Cf. REPRIEVE.]

fight.]
Opposite contrary hostile
To disapprove with detestation.
highly distasteful.
a.
Abandoned to vice
or punishment morally abandoned. RE-PUG'NANT-LY, adv. In a repugREp're-hEn'sive, \a. Containing
nant manner.
n. One morally lost.
REp're-hEx^so-ry,
reproof.
REp'RO-BA'TION, n. Act of reprobat- Re-PULSE', n. [Lat. repvlsa, fr. rep^llere to repel.]
REP'RE-sE.VT',1-. l. [-ED;ING.] [Lat.
1. Conditiou of being
ing, or state of being reprobated.
reprsesentare : re, again, and prxsm- RE'PRO-DUCE', v. t.
repelled.
2. Act of repelling.
3. Re[.ED
-ING.]
tare, to present.]
1. To exhibit the
fusal; denial,
[-El); -IXG.J
v. t.
I. To produce again.
2. To genercounterpart of.
2. To delineate
to
offspring.
To
repel
to
beat
back.
ate, as
reproduce. 3. To personate. 4. To Re'PRO-duc'tion, n.
Act of repulsing, or
1. Act of re- Re-pDl'sion, n.
state of being repulsed.
supply the place of. 5. To bring beproducing. 2. Thing reproduced.
6. To serve as a sign Re'PRO-duc'ti've, a.
fore the mind.
Pertaining to, Re-pul'SIVE, a. 1. Inclined, serving,
of.
or able, to repel. 2. Cold forbidor employed in, reproduction.
REP'RE-gEN-TA'TION, n. 1. Act of RE-PROOF', n.
ding,
[Fr. reprove.]
[buy again.
ExRe-pur'chase,
representing. 2. That which reprepression of blame or censure.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
sents as. (a.) A picture or any fac- Re-prov'a-BLE, a.
Worthy of re- REP'U-TA-BLE, a. Worthy of repute.
" [proof.
simile, (b.) A dramatic performance, Re-prov'al, n.
REp'u-ta-bly, adv. In a reputable
Reproof.
manner.
(c.) A description or statement, (d.)
Re-prove', v. t. [-ed: -ing.] [Fr.
A body of representatives.
reprouver. See Reprieve.] To cen- REp'u-ta'tion, n. 1. Estimation in
BEp're-sEnt'a-tive, a. 1. Fitted
which one is held. 2. Public esteem
sure to the face to accuse as guilty.
or qualified to represent. 2. Bearing
good name.
reprimand. ReSy>*. To rebuke
the authority of another.
n.
1.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
prove, rebuke, and reprimand signify the RE-PUTE', v. t.
expression of disapprobation.
To rereputare, to think over.] 1. To acOne who, or that which, represents
prove implies greater calmness and selfcount to hold
another.
2. An agent, deputy, or
to reckon. 2. To
possession. To rebuke implies a more
substitute.
attribute.
n. 1. Character attrib3.
A member of the
excited and personal feeling.
lower house, in a State legislature, or
uted estimate. 2. Good character.
Re-prov'er, n. One who reproves. RE-QUEST', n. [L. Lat. requesta, for
in Congress. [Amer.]
[Lat. reptilis ; repere,
requisila, from Lat. requinre, to seek
Re-prss', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat. REp'tile, a.
to creep.] 1. Creeping. 2. Groveling
reprimere, repression.]
To press
again, to ask for.] 1. Earnest desire
low.
n.
1. An animal that crawls
back or down to crush.
or demand hence, solicitation.
2.
on its belly, or by means of small,
Re-prEs'sion (-presh'uu), n. 1. Act
That which is requested. 3. A state
short legs.
2. A groveling or very
ing.]
of repressing.
2. That which reof being desired.
v. t. [-ed
mean person.
presses.
To ask for earnestly to express deRe-PrEss'ive, a. Tending to repress. Rep-til'i- an, a. Belonging to reptiles.
sire for.
See Desire.
RE-PUB'LI,
n.
[Lat. respublica ; res, RE'QUl-EM, n.
RE-PRIEVE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
[First word of ",
a thing, and publicus, public] A
reprobare, to reject
condemn.] To
prayer beginning " Requiem arterstate in which the sovereign power is
delay the punishment of.
n.
1.
nam dona eis, DomineJ' Give eterexercised by representatives elected
Temporary suspension of punishnal rest to them,
Lord.]
A hymn
by the people; a commonwealth.
ment. 2. Interval of ease or relief.
or mass for the dead, for the rest of
REp'ri-mand(IIO), v. t. [-ed; -ing.] RE-PUB'LI-AN,a. Relating to, or conhis soul.
sonant with the principles of, a repub- Re-quir'A-BLE, a. Capable of being
See infra.] 1. To chide for a fault.
lic.
n. One who prefers a republic.
2. Tc reprove publicly and officially.
required.
Re-pCb'LIC-AN-ism,
n.
1. A repub- Re-quire', v. t.
n.
[Lat. repri[See Admonish.]
[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
lican system of government.
2. Atmendus, reprimenda, to be checked
requirere ; re, again, back, and quse-

rehensible manner.

REp RE-hEn'siox,
sure

Reproof; cen-

ik

REp'ro-bate,

open blame.

6r, do,

wolf, too, TOfozt; urn, RyE,

pi/ll

e,

i,

o.silent; c, a, soft; , g, hard;

As; exist

as

ng; this

REQUIREMENT
rere, to seek.]

1.

ing. _ 2. To make necessary.

RE-QUiRE'MENT,n. 1. Demand

RESORT

362

To insist upon hav-

requisition.
2. An essential condition.
[Lat.
REQ'ui-slTE (rek'wi-zlt), a.
requisitus, p. p. of requirere, to require.] Required by the nature of
things, or by circumstances.
n.
That which is necessary.
3EQ'UI-s'l'TION (-zlsh'un), n. 1. Act
of requiring.
2. Application made
quota of
as of right; demand. 3.
supplies or necessaries.
Re-quit'al, n. Returu for any office,
;

of the public land reserved for some

special use, as for schools. [Amer.]

Res/i-lI'tion

To keep

n.

to keep.]

in store for future

1.
Act of re-

resin

n.

or other use.
serving.

place in

That which

Res/in-oCs,

reserved.
3. Restraint of freedom in words or
actions. 4. Land set apart for a particular purpose. 5. A body of troops
for an exigency.
[free or frank.
2.

Re-served',

Restrained

p. a.

ities

is

not

resisted

Diligent inqui:

Syn.

ressembler, from re, and sembler, to

seem, to resemble.] 1. To be like to
;

to be alike.

Re-sent',

v.

2.

To compare.

t.

[-ed; -ing.]

[Lat.

again, and sentire, to feel.] To

take ill to be in some degree pro-

re,

voked

2.

to resent.

of resentDispleasure; indignation;

Res/er-va'tion,

n.

[Lat. reservatio.

Reserve.] 1. Act of reserving.

Something withheld.
3. A tract

See

A, E,

I,

1.

fr. re-

What
2.

[Lat.]
What is left
n.
after separation or purification.

Re-sId'U-UM,

Re-s_ign' (-znV),

v.

t.

[-ed; -ing.]

[Lat. resignare ; re, again, back, and

signare, to sign.] 1. To return by a
formal act to yield to give up. '2.
;

To withdraw, as. a claim.

Syn. To relinquish. To resign

is

to

breaking a seal and yieldhad secured hence, it marks a

give up, as

if

ing all it
formal and deliberate surrender. To relinquish is less formal, but always implies that the thing given up has been
long an object of pursuit, and, usually,
that it has lieen prized and desired.
;

Res/ig-na'TION,

n. 1. Act of resignState of being resigned or

submissive. See Patience.

ing.

2.

(-zTnd'), V-
Submisdisposed to murmur.

sive
not
Re-s_il'i-ence, In.
A springing
Re-sil'i-en-c y, J back, or rebound;

Constant in pursuing a purpose.

Determined; steady;

firm

bold.

Res_'o-lute -ly, adv.

In a resolute
manner; firmly: steadily.

Res'o-lute-ness,
ity

State orqual-

n.

of being resolute.

Res/o-lu'tion,

n. 1. Act, operation,
or process of resolving. 2. State of
being resolved, made clear, or deter-

mined.

That which

3.

is

resolved

especially, the decision of court, or

the vote of an assembly,
[resolved.
Re-6lv'A-ble a. Capable of being
Re-solve', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
resolvere, resolution ; re, again, and
solvere, to loosen, dissolve.]
1. To
Feparate the component parts of;
sometimes, to melt.
2. To dissolve
and reduce to a different form. 3.
To make clear or certain 4. To cause
to perceive.
5. To constitute by resolution or vote.
;

To solve; analyze; explain

Syn.
unravel; disentangle.

v.

To be separated

into its
component parts, or distinct principles.
2. To melt. 3. To form a resolution.
1. Act of resolving.
v.
2. That which has been resolved on ;
i.

1.

determination
conclusion
legisla[purpose.
tive act or declaration.
Re-solv'ed-ness. n. Fixedness of
Re-solv'ent, n. That which has the
power of resolving.
;

Re-rolv'er, n. One who resolves,

REs/o -nance, n. State of being resonant.
[Lat. resonans, rea.
Able to return sound;
sounding.]
back.
echoing

RES/O-NANT,

Re-sorb'ENT,
re,

again,

a.

and

[Lat. resorbens. fr.

sorbere, to suck in.]

Swallowing up.

ing.

irritation.

2.

[Lat. residvvm,

sictuus, that is left behind.]

remains after a part is taken.

Balance of a debt or account.

Re-signed'

at.

Re-sent'ful, n. Inclined
Re-sent'ment, n. 1. Act
ing.

Pertaining to the

Residuary legatee, one to whom the

is bequeathed.
v.

(30), a.

a.

residue of personal estate

Res'I-due,

Admitting of be-

a.

[See Resolve.
Lat. resolutus has a different mean-

ing.]

Re-si d'u-a-ry,
residue.

(114), n.

resis-

irresistible.

Res'o-lute

ry or examination in seeking facts or

principles.
v.t. [-ED -ING.] 1.
To search with continued care. 2.
To search again.
Re-seat', v.t.
[-ed; -ing.]
To
sea t_ or set again.
RE-SEIZE', V. t.
[-E1)
-ING.] To
seize again or a second time.
Re-seiz'Ore, v. A second seizure;
act of seizing again.
Re-sell', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To sell
a second time or again.
Re-sem'blance (-zem'-), n. 1. State
2. That which reof resembling.
sembles or is similar.
RE-SEM'BLE, 1). t [-ED; -ING.] [Fr.

ing resolved or melted.

Re-search'

pertaining to resin.

REs/o-lu-ble,

or danger.

Partakingof the qual-

[-ED -ING.] [Lat.

n. 1. Act of resisting.
2. Quality of not yielding to force.
RE-s/i'ST'ANT, n.
One who, or that
which, resists.
Re-sjst/i-bil'i-ty, n.
Quality of
being resistible.
[resisted.
Re-sist'i-ble, a.
Capable of being
Re-sJst'less, a. Incapable of being

taken.

RE-g'lST'ANCE,

is

I.

again, and sistere, to stand.]

1. To act in opposition to.
2. To
counteract as a force by inertia or reaction.
Syn. To withstand; oppose.

part

v.

tere ;re,

a.

of resin

RE-IST',

RE-gf.RV'ED-LY, adv. With reserve.

goodor bad.
Re-Quite', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Prefix Res/er-voir' (rez'er-vwor'), n. [See
Reserve.] A place where water is
return
to
re and quit'.]
To repay
collected and kept for use.
an equivalent in good or evil for evil.
Re-set',
-setting.] 1.
rearguard.
v. t. [-set
Rere'WARD, n. The
To set over again, as a page of printRe-sail',' v. t. or i. [-ed; -ing.] To
matter.
2.
furnish
with a, new
ed
To
sailback.
setting or border.
Re-sale', n. A second sale.
Re-set'tle-ment,
[-El);-ING.]
[Lat.
n.
1.
Actof setRe-SCIND', v. t.
tling again.
2. A second settlement
rescindere re, again, back, and scinto
in
the
ministry.
1. To cut off;
abde.re, to cut.]
Re-side', v. i.
[Lat. residere ; re,
2. To vacate, as an act, by
rogate.
again, back, and sedere, to sit.]
1.
the enacting authority or by supeTo dwell permanently or for a length
rior authority.
[Lat. reof time. 2. To have a seat or fixed
RE-SCls'ION (-slzb/un), n.
position.
s'cissio.
See supra.] Act of rescindRes/I-dence, n. 1. Act of residing.
ing.
2. The place where one resides.
RE-snis'so-RY a. Having power to
Res'I-dent, a. Having an abode in
cut off or to abrogate.
a place 'for a continued length of
Re'script, n.
[Lat. rescriptum, fr.
time; residing.
re, again, back, and scribere, to write.]
1.
n.
One who'
resides in a place for some time.
2,
Answer of an emperor, when conA public minister at a foreign court
sulted on some difficult question
Res/I-den'tia-RY
(-den'sha-),
a,
hence, an edict or decree.
Having residence.
n.
An ecclesi
REs'-euE, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. re,
astic who keeps a certain residence.
again, back, and exeutere, to shake
Remaining after a
or drive out.] To free from confine- Re-sTd'U-al, a.
ment, violence danger, or evil.
n.
Deliverance from restraint, violence,

Act

(rez'T-lish'un), n.

of springing back.

Res'IN, n. [Lat. resina.] An inflammable solid, of vegetable origin.

which things are kept.
Re-s_rve', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat. Res/in-If'er-oOs, a.
[Lat. resina,
reservare ; re, again, and servare,
resin, and ferre, to bear.]
Yielding

Re-erv'a-to-ry,

RE-gIL'I-ENT,

a.

[Lat. resilient, leap-

ing or springing back.] Inclined to

leap back rebounding.
;

0,U, Y long; A,E,I, 6, U, Y, short; CARE, fr, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

Re-sort'

(re-z6rt/) v;

i.

[-ED -ING.]
;

[Fr ressortir, to go or come out

again.] 1. Togo; to repair. 2. To

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM: s6N.

RESOUND
have recourse.

n. 1.
place to

2. A
one's self.
which one
betakes himself habitually a haunt.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
t\ t.
resonare ; re, again, back, and sonare,
1. To sound again, or
to sound.]
repeatedly. 2. To praise or cele;

RE-goUND',

brate.

v.

To sound

I.

i.

loudly.

To be filled with sound.

echo or reverberate.

Re-source'

t.

To

3.

2.

j.!e-sound', v.

To sound again.

(114), n.

RETAIL

S63

A betaking Re-SPOND'ENT,

[Fr. ressource.

Disposed to re-

a.

answering.
spond
n.
One who
responds
especially, one wno answers iu certain suits.
Re-sponse', n. 1. Actof responding.
:

2. An answer or reply.
Re-spon'si-bil'i-ty, n. 1. State of
being responsible. 2. That for Which
any one is responsible. 3. Ability to
answer in payment.

Re-spon'si-ble, a.
called on to answer.

1.

2.

Liable to be

Able to

re-

a state of ruin or decay, and the

like.

To give

2.

place of, or as

in

satisfaction for.

Re-stor'er,
Re-strain',

n.

v.

t.

One restores.
[-ed;-vng.]

[Fr.

restreindre,
Lat. restringere ; re,
again, back, and stringere, to draw
or bind together.] 1. To hold from
acting, proceeding, or advancing. 2.

To hinder from unlimited enjoyment.

Sy'N. To check; repress; restrict.
Re-strain'a-ble, a. Capable of be-

1. That from which

spond.
See Source.]
ing restrained.
any thing springs forth hence, that
Syx. Accountable; answerable.
Re-strain'er, a. One who restrains
to which one resorts, or on which RE-SPON'si'VE, a. 1. Able, ready, or Re-straint',i.
1. Act of restrainhe depends. 2. pi. Pecuniary means
inclined to respond. 2. Cori'esponding; hindrance of the will, or of any
funds.
ent.
[making answer.
action. 2. That which restrains.
RE-SPECT', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat. Re-spon'so-ry, a.
Containing or
Syn. See Compulsion.
respectare, intens. form of respicere, REST, n.
1. Cessa[A.-S. rest,rast.]
Re-strict', v. t. [-ed; -ing. [Lat.
to look back, to respect.]
1. To
tion from motion or labor.
2. Freerestringere,
restrictum.
See REnotice with special attention to redom from all disturbance. 3. That
STRAIN.] To restrain within bounds
gard as worthy of particular notice.
on which any thing rests. 4. A place
to limit to confine.
2. To relate to.
n.
1. Act of rewhere one may rest.
5. (Mm.) A
RE-STRIC'TION, ii.
1. Confinement
specting.
2. pi. Expression of repause, or a mark of such a pause. 6.
within bounds. 2. That which respect. 3. That which pertains to any
[Lat. restare, to stay back, to remain.]
stricts.
4. Relation
person or thing.
refThat which is left remainder. 7. Re-strict'ive,
a. Having the power
;

erence.
In respect to, or in respect of, in comparison with: in reference to.
Re-spect'a-bil'i-ty, 11.
State or
quality of being respectable.
Re-spect'a-ble, a. 1. Worthy of
respect.
2. Moderate iu degree of
excellence or in number.
Re-spect'a-bly, adv. In a respectable manner.
Re-SPECT'ER, n. One who respects.
Re-SPECT'ftje, a.
Marked or characterized by respect.
[ful manner.
Re-spect'ful-ly, adv. In a respectRe-spect'ing, p. pr., but called a
prep.
Having regard or relation to.
Re-spect'ive, a. 1. Careful r wary.
2. Having reference to
relative. 3.
Relating to particular persons or
things, each to each.
Re-SPECT'IVE-ly, adv. As relating
to each
particularly
as each belougs to each.
[breathed.

Those not included.

Syn. Repose. Pest

or tendency to restrict.

is ceasing from
labor or exertion; repose is a mode of
resting which gives relief and refresh-

ment after toil and labor. "We may rest

in a standing posture; we usually repose
in a reclining one.

iv*.

[-ed

-ing.]

1.

To

cease

from action or motioD. 2. To be free

from whatever disturbs.
3. To lie
to repose. 4. To be supported by.
5. To sleep. 6. To die.
7. To trust
;

to rely.
v.t.
To place, as

2.

1.

To

place at rest.

on a support.

Restaurant (reVto-rung'
to-rant), n.

An

[Fr.

See

reV-

or

RESTORE.]

eating-house.

Restaurateur (res

tor / a / tur') ) n.

Re-strict'ive-LY, adv.
In a restrictive manner.
Re-sult', v. i. [-ED -ing.] [Lat.
resultare, to spring back.]
1. To
come out, or have an issue. 2. To
;

proceed or spring, as a consequence,

&c

from

facts or arguments,
n.
to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation.
Syn. See Consequence.

End

Re-sult'ant,

ii.

force

which

is

the joint effect of two or more forces.

a.
Resulting.
[resumed.
Re-sum'a-ble, a. Capable of being
(ra/zu/ma/), n.
[Fr.]
See

Resume

The keeper of an eating-house.

infra.}
A brief recapitulation.
Rest'iff, a. Same as Restive.
Re-sume', v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
Res'ti-tO'tton, ii. [Lat. restitutio.]
resumere, resumption ; re, again,
1. Act of restoring any thing to its
back, anil sumere, to take.] 1. To
rightful owner, or of giving an equivtake back. 2. To enter upon or take
alent for any loss, damage, or injury.
Re-spIr'a-ble, a. Capable of being
up again.
[ing.
2. 'The equivalent given.
REs'Pl-RA'TlON, n. [Lat. respiratio.]
Re-su'mp'tton (84), 11. Act of resumREST'IVE, a.
[From Lat. restare, to Re-sump'tive, a. Resuming.
Act of breathing.
[piration.
stay back, resist.]
1. Unwilling to
Re-spir'a-to-ry, a. Serving for resRe-su'PI-nate, a. [Lat. resupinatus,
go, or only running back; stubborn.
Re-spire', v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
bent or turned back.]
Turned up2. Impatient; uneasy.
[restive.
respirare ; re, again, and spirare, to
side down inverted.
Rest'ive-ness, ii. Quality of being Rs/UR-REC'TlON, ii.
breathe.] 1. To take breath again;
[Lat. resurrecREST'LESS, a.
Never resting unlio, fr. resurgere, to rise again.]
hence, to take rest.
2. To breathe.
1.
quiet uneasy.
[manner.
v. t.
To breathe in and out to
A rising again. 2. The rising again
REST'less-LY,
adv.
In a restless
inspire and expire.
from the dead. 3. The future state.
Res'pite 11. [Lat. respectus, respect, Rest'less-ness, ii. Quality or state Res/ur-rec'tion-ist, n.
One who
[Fr.]

of being restless.
steals bodies from the grave, espe1. A postponement or de[Lat. restauraTemporary intermission of REs'TO-RA'TlON, n.
cially for dissection.
tio.
See Restore.]
1. Act of relabor, or of any process.
v.
t.
RE'stm-vEY/, v. t
[-ed; -ing.] To
storing.
2. State of being restored.
[-ED -ING.] To grant a respite to.
survey anew.
3. That which is restored.
Re-splen'dence, in. Vivid brightRE-SUS'CI-TATE, V. t. [-ED -TNG.]
Syn. See Recovery.
Re-splen'den-cy, j ness splendor.
[Lat. resuscitare, -talum ; re, again,
Re-splen'dent, a. [Lat. resplen- Rfis'TO-RA'TION-IST, ii. One who beand suscilare, to raise.] To revivify
dens, -dentis.] Shining with brilliant
lieves in a final restoration of all to
to recover from apparent death.
luster very bright.
[brightness.
Re-sus'ci-ta'tion, n. Act of revivthe favor and presence of God.
Rk-splSn'dent-ly, adv. With great Re-stor'a-tjve, a. Having power
ing from a state of apparent death.
Re-spond', v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
n.
A medi- RE-stJS'ci-TAiTlVE, a. Reviving.
to renew strength.
respondere ; re, again, back, and
cine efficacious in restoring strength. Re-tail' (114), v.t.
[-ed: -ing.]
spondere, to promise.] 1. To answer
RES'TO-RA/TOR, n. A restaurateur.
[Fr. retailler, fr. re, again, and tailler,
to reply.
[-ed -ing.] [Lat.
2. To correspond to suit. Re-store', v. t.
to cut.]
1. To dispose of in small
restaurare.]
3. To make payment.
1. To bring back from
parcels. 2. To sell in small portions.
delay.]
lay.

2.

or. do,

wolf, too,to"ok; urn, rue, pull

E,

I, <?,

silent

c, G,

soft.-

, g, hard;

As

exist

N.

as

ng

this.

RETAIL
Re'tail

REVEL

Sale of
(114), n.
tiesin small quantities.

commodi- Re-tIre'MENT,

Re-tail'er, or Re'tail-er,
who sells goods at retail.
Re-tain', v. t. [-ed; -ing.]

One

2. To employ by a fee paid.

sion.
IlE-TAIN'ER, n. 1. One who retains.

dependent.
3.
engage a counselor.
2.

Re-take',

paid to

[-took; -taken;
To take again. 2. To

u.

-taking.]

lee

1.

RE-TAL'I-ATE,

[--ED; -ING.]
V. t.
retaliare, -atum ; re, again,
back, and talio, retaliation.] To return the like for ; esp. to return evil
[Lat.

v.

To return

i.

like for

[ing.

like.

or withPlace to which one re[ward.

3.

Re-tir'ing,/).

RE-TORT',

V.

Reserved

a.

not

for[Lat.

[-EDJ-tNG.]

t.

retorquere, retortum ; re, again, back,

and torquere, to turn, twist.] 1. To

by heat.

Syx.
Repartee.
retort is a short
reply, turning back on an
assailant the censures or derision he had
thrown out.
repartee is usually a
good-natured return to some witty or
sportive observation of another.

and pointed

Re-tort'er,

One who

n.

retorts.

[-ed.-ing.] To
RE-TAL/I-A'TION, n. Act of retaliat- Re-touch', v. t.
)a. Tending to,
improve by new touches.
Re-TAL'i-A-TIVE,
[-ed; -ing.] 1.
Re-tal'I-a-TO-RY, j
or involving, Re-trace', v. t.
To track back, as a line. 2. To conretaliation.
duct back in the same path or course.
Re-tard', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
retardare ; re, agaiu, back, and tar- Re-tract', v. t. [-ed: -ing.] [Lat.
retractare, from retrakere, to draw
1. To prevent from
dare, to delay.]
2. To put off; to render
back.] To recall, as a declaration to
progress.
disavow; to recant.
v.i.
more late.
To take
back what has been said.
Re'tar-da'tion, n. 1. Act of reRe-tract'I-ble, a. Capable of betarding. 2. That which retards.
Retch, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S. RE-TRACT'lLE, j ing drawn back.
hrxcan; Araca, cough, throat.] To Re-trac'tion, ii. Act of withdrawmake an effort to vomit.
ing something advanced, claimed, or
;

Re-TEN'TION,

[Lat. retentio.]
1.
Act of retaining state of being retained
custody.
2. Power of retaining.
n.

Re-ten'tive,

a.

Having the power

Ret'i-cence,

n.

State of being reti-

Ret'I-C jent,

[Lat. reticens, keepInclined to keep silent

to retain.

[cent.
a.

ing silence.]
taciturn.

Ret'i-cle,w.
Re-TJC'U-LAR,

[small net or bag.

[See Reticule.]
A

Having the form

a.

of a net, or of net-work.

done; recantation.

[retract.
Re-tract'ive, a. Able or ready to
Re-treat', n. [Fr. retraite, from retraire, to withdraw.]
1. Act of re2. Place to
tiring, esp. for safety.

which one
an enemy.
withdraw

retires. 3.

v.i.

retiring

[-ed

-ing.]

from

To

to retire.
Re-trench' (66), v. t. [-ed ; -ing.]
[0. Fr. retrench fr ; re, again, and
trencher, to cut.]
1. To cut off; to
;

pare away.

2.

To

lessen

RE-TRENCH'MENT,

n.

to abridge.

1.

Removal

Re-TI'U-LATE,
a. 1. Resembling
of what is superfluous. 2. Act of lessRe-tic'u-la/ted,
net-work; netening or abridging.
Ret/ri-bu'tion,?*. [Lat. retribuere,
ted.
2. Having distinct veins, fibers,
or lines crossing like net-work.
-bittum re, again, back, and tribnere,
Re-tic'u-la'tion, n.
1. State of
to bestow, pay.] 1. Act of repaying.
2. State of being paid back.
being reticulated. 2. That which is
3. Rereticulated
net-work.
turn suitable to the merits of, as an
Ret'I-CULE ^30), n. [Lat. reticulum,
action.
dim. of rete, a net.] A little bag of Re-trib'u-tive, \a. Involving, or
net-work a lady's work-bag.
Re-trib'u-TO-RY, j
pertaining to,
[ing retrieved.
RET'I-FORM, a. [Lat. rete, a net, and
retribution.
forma, form.] Like a net iu texture. Re-trie v'a-ble, a. Capable of beRet'I-NA, n.
Act of retrieving.
[L. Lat. fr. Lat. rete, a Re-triev'al, n.
net.]
The net-like tissue of the eye RE-TRIEVE', V. t. [-EDJ-ING.] [Fr.
retroucer, to find again, to recover.]
which receives the impressions resulting in the sense of visit n,
1. To restore from loss or injury.
2.
RET'I-NUE, n. [Fr., fr. retenir, to reTo remedy the evil consequences of.
tain, engage.]
A body of retainers. Re'tro-act', or Ret'RO-act', v. i.
Re-tire', v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr.
[Lat. retro, backward, back, and Eng.
retirer ; re, again, back, and tirer, to
act.}
To act backward or in return.
draw.] 1. To draw back or away. 2. Re'tro-ac'tion, or Ret'ro-ac'To retreat from action or danger. 3.
2.
TION, n.
1. Action returned.
To withdraw from a public station.
Operation on something preceding.
v.t.
1. To pay up and withdraw Re'tro-act'Ive, or Ret'ro-act'from circulation. 2. To cause to reIVE, a. Fitted or designed to retrotire, esp. from active service.
[ner.
act affecting what is past.
Re-tirjbd'ly, adv. In a retired man- Re'tro-cede, or Ret'ro-cEde, v.
I

A.

E,

I,

o,v,Y, long; A, ,1,6,0. \\

short;

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. retrocedert
backward, back, and ceder*
To cede or grant back.

i.

fr. retro,

to go.]

Re'tro-ces'sion, or RET'RO-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. 1. Act of retroceding.

2.
State of being retroceded or granted back.
or Ret'roof retrograding or moving backward.
a. Going
backward ; contrary.
Re'tro-grade, or Ret'ro-grade,
v.i. [-ED ; -INS.]
[Lat. retrogradare. retrogradi, fr. retro, back, and
gradi, to step, go.] To go backward.
Re'tro-gres'sion, or Ret'ro-

Re'tro-gra-da'tion,
an
gra-da'tion, n. Act

2. To return, as
throw back.
argument or accusation, &c.
v. i.
To return an argument or charge.
n.
1. A quick and witty response.
2. A vessel in which substances are
subjected to distillation or decompo-

sition

recapture.

for evil.

drawn.
tires,

[Lat.
retinere, retentum ; re, again, back,
and tenere, to hold, keep.] 1. To
continue to hold to keep in posses-

n.

State of being retired

2.

n.

Act of retiring.

1.

GRES'SION,n.
[Lat. retrogressus.]
Act of going backward.

Re'tro-gres'sive,
or
Ret'rogres'sive, a. Going backward.
Re'tro-spect, or Ret'ro-spect,
n. [From Lat. retrospicete, -spccturn,
to look back.]
View or contemplation of something past.

or
Retron.
Act or faculty of
looking back on things past.
RE'TRO-SPECT'iVE,
Or
RET'ROspect'ive, a. 1. Looking back.

Re'tro-spec'tion,

spection,

2. Having reference to what is past.

Re'tro-spect'ive-ly, or Ret'roSPET'ive-LY, adv.
By way of

retrospect.

Re'tro-vert,

or

Ret'ro-vert,

v.

[-eu;-ING.] [Lat. retro, back, and

vertere, to turn.]
To turn back.
Re-turn', v. i.
[-ed; -ing.] [Fr.
t.

re, again, back, and tourner, to turn.] 1. Togo or come again

to the same place or condition. 2.
To answer.
1. To bring, carv. t.
ry, or send back.
2. To repay.
3.

retourner;

To

report officially.

To restore. Weretnrn a thing

Syx.

when we turn it back to its appropriate

place: we restore a tiling when we put
back

former state and condition.

what he borrowed, and
what he stole.
n.
1. Act of returning.
2. That
which is returned; as (a.) A payment; a remittance, (b.) An answer.
(r.) A formal account or report,
(d.)
it

to its

man

return*

restores

The

on

profit

an

labor, or

invest-

ment, &c.

Re-tOrn'a-ble,
being returned.
to be returned.

Re-UN'JON,
2.

An

n.

a.

1.

Legally required

2.

1.

Capable of

A renewed

union.

assembling of familiar friends.

V. t. or i.
[-ED -ING.]

RE'U-NITE',

To unite again.
Re-VEAL', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
revelare ; re, again, back, and velaie,
to veil.] To make known after having been concealed.

Syx. To
erally to

To reveal is litand thus make

previously concealed;
abroad among the
publicly known.

divulge.

lift

the veil,

known what was

to divulc/e

is

to scatter

people, or make
RE-yiJIl/LE (re-vaFye),
veil, fr. reveiller, to

n.

awake.]

[Fr. re-

[Mil.

The beat of drum about break of day.

Rev'el, v. i. [-ed, -ing; or -led,
-LING,

137.] [0. Fr. reveler, to revolt,

cAre, FAR, ASK ALL, what; ERE, VEIL, term; pique, firm; s6n,
;

REVELATION
See

and

n.

carouse

New

Last book of the

RHABDOMANCY

!65
2. Composite to something else.
plete change, esp. from better to
Having a contrary or
worse.
a.
opposite direction.

Rebel.]

To fea-t in
lawless manner
to
riotous feast.
Rev'E-LA'TION, n. 1. Act of revealing.
2. Tbat which is revealed.
3.
to rebel.
a riotous

Re-verse'ly, adv.
j

Testament.

On

hand.

the ether
[reversed.

bring again to life.

2. To recover
from a state of neglect or depression.
3. To renew in the mind.
[life.

Renewal

Re-VIV'I-f^-CA'TION, n.

of

RE-VIV'1-FiT, V. t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]

To cause to revive.

REv'el-er,
n.
One who revels or Re-vers'I-ble, a. Capable of being REV'I-VIS'CENCE, n. Renewal of life.
Capable of being
Re-ver'sion, n. [Lat. reversio.] 1. Rev'O-CA-BLE, a.
Rev'el-ler,
carouses.
[being revocable.
revoked.
The returning of an estate to the
Rev'EL-ry, n. Noisy festivity.
Quality of
grantor or his heirs, after the grant REV'O-CA-BLE-NESS, n.
Re-venge', V. t. [-ED: -ING.] [0.
residue of an estate REVO-CA'TION, n. [Lat. revoca'tio.]
is determined
Fr. revenger, fr r- again, and ven(

gier, to vindicate

ishment

To

pun-

inflict

in vindication of, or in a

or malignant

spiteful

[See

spirit.

Avenge] n.

1. Act of revenging.
Disposition to revenge.
Re-VNGE'ful, a. Full of revenge;
given to revenge wreaking revenge

2.

after the determination of another estate carved out of it. 2. A

right to future possession or enjoyment succession.
Re-ver'sion-a-ry, a. Pertaining to,
or involving, a reversion.
left

One who has a

1.

Act of calling back.

2. State

of

Repeal; reversal.
[-ED; -ING.] [See
Revocation.] To annul by taking
back to reverse, as a thing granted
(Cardby a special act.
v. i.

being recalled.

Re-voke',

v.

3.

t.

To fail to follow suit.

Re-volt', or Re-volt' (20), v. i.
vindictive.
[From Lat. revolvere, revolutum, to
Re-VEN'GER, n. One who revenges. Re-vrt' (14), v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
roll back.]
1. To renounce allegiRev'e-nue, n. [0. Fr.,from revenir,
[Lat. revertere ; re, again, back, and
vertere, to turn.]
ance or subjection. 2. To be grossly
1. To turn back;
to returu, to proceed.] Income, espethe
annual
produce
of
taxes,
to
2.
offended.
[-ED -ING.] To
cially
reverse.
To drive back to
v. t.
Reverberate.
do violence to; to shock.
customs, &c, which a state collects
v. i. 1. To return
to
n.
Republic
use.
fall
to
pronunciation
of
allegiance
and subjecfor
back. 2. To return
the
tion.
Re-ver'ber-ant, a. Resounding.
prietor,
[reverted.
See Insurrection.
RE-VER'BER-ATE, V.t. [-ED; -ING.] Re-vErt'I-BLE, a. Capable of being REV'o-LU'TfON, n. [Lat. revolutio.}
;

Re-ver'sion-er,

n.

playing.)

reversion.

[Lat. reverberare,

-ratum;

re,

again,

back, and verberare, to lash, whip.]

to echo
1. To send back, as sound
;

To

reflect, as light or heat.

v. ?'.
repel from side to side.
2.

3.
1.

2. To be repelled, as rays
to echo, as sound.
Re-VER'BER-A'TION, ii. Act of re;

verberating.

Re- ver'Ber-a-to-ry, a. Producing,

or acting by reverbation returning,
or driving back.
Re-VERE', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
revereri; re, again, and vereri, to
fear.]
To regard with fear niingled
with respect and affection.
Rev'er-ence, n. 1. Fear mingled
with respect and esteem awe veneration. 2. Act or token of veneration.
3.
title applied to priests.
v. t.
[-ed -ING.]
To regard
with reverence.
REV'ER-END, a. [Lat. reverendus.
See Revere.] Worthy of reverence
a title given to clergymen.
,

Rev'ER-ent,

a.

[Lat. reverens.]

Expressing reverence.
to revere

2.

1.

Disposed

submissive.

Rev'er-en'tial,

Proceeding

a.

from, or expressing, reverence.

REV'er-EN'tial-ly, adv. With

Rev'er-ent-LY, adv.

An

[Fr. reverie, fr. river,

to dream, to rave.]
irregular train of thoughts, ocI

n.

curring in meditation.

Re-VEr'sal,

n.

[From

[La*\ revertere, r eversum; re, again,

back, and vertere, to turn.] 1. To
2. To
cause to return or depart.
change totally. 3. To turn end for
end, or upside down
to invert. 4.
To overthrow
to subvert.
6. To
undo or annul for error to repeal.
n.
1. That which is directly op;

Tending to revert

See

Reverie.

t.

[-ed; -ing.]

[Lat.
vestire, to

deliberately.

Re-view'er

(re-vu'er), n.

One who

reviews
a critic who publishes his
opinion of books, &c.
Re- vile', v. t.
[-ed -tng.]
To
assail with opprobrious language.
;

Re-vil'ER, n. One who reviles.

Re-VI|'al, n. Act of revising, or

re-

examining for correction.

Re-vise', v. t. [-ed -ing.]

[Lat.
revidere, revisum, to see again.]
1.
To look at again to re-examine. 2.
To review, alter, and amend.
n.
proof-sheet taken. after correction.
Re-vIs/er, n. One who revises.
;

a.

1.

Act of

revising.
2. That which is revised.
Re-vis'ion-al
(-vizn'un-),a. PerRe-VIS/ion-a-ry j
taining to revisl

[again.

revisory.

Re-v|s/it,i\

Re-viv'al,

t.

n.

[-ed -ing.] To visit

Act of reviving, or
;

state of being revived especially, renewed interest in religion.

RE-viv'AL-i'ST, n. An advocate for
religious revivals.
Re-vive', v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
revivere ; re, again, and vivere, to
2. To
live.]
1. To return to life.
recover from a state of neglect, obscurity, or depression.
v.t. 1. To

wolf, too, EOOK5 URN, rue, full

1. Act of revolving:, or turning round

on an axis hence, any analogous
regular return or change, as of the
seasons. 2. Space measured by the
regular returu of a revolving body.
3. A total or radical change
esp. a
revolt successfully accomplished.
Rev'o-lu'tion-a-ry, a. Tending or
pertaining to a revolution.
;

v.

re, again, and

clothe.]
2. To
1. To clothe again.
vest again with possession or office.
v. i. To take effect again, as a title.
Re-VIEW (-vQ'), n. [Fr. revue, fr. revoir, Lat. revidere, to see again.]
1.
second or repeated view. 2. A critical examination of a new publication, with remarks
critique. 3. An
examination of troops under arms.
4. A periodical devoted to literary
criticism.
v.t.
[ -ED;
-ing.] To
go over and examine critically or

ion
reverse.]

change or overthrowing.
Bje-vrse' (14), v. t. [-ed; -ing.]

or, do,

a.

n.

[manner.
In a reverent Re-vi|'ion (-vizh'un),

erence,

Rev'ER-ie',
Rev'er-y,

rev-

changing.

Rev'er-y,
To Re-vest',
revestire ;
To

resound.
of light

Re -vErt'i ve

js, i,

o, silent

<^.

G,

soft.

Rey'o-lu'TION-Tst, n. One engaged

in effecting a chauge of government.

Revo-lu'tion-Ize, v. t.
[-ed;
-ing.] To change completely, as by
a revolution.

Re-v6lve',v.

i.
[-ed -ing.] [Lat.
revolvere; re, again, back, and volvere, to roll, turn.] 1. To turn or roll
round on an axis. 2. To move round
v.t. 1. To cause to turn,
a center.
as on an axis. 2. To reflect repeat;

edly upon.

Re-VOLV'en-cy,
Re-volv'er, n.

Revolution.

n.

fire-arm with

several barrels revolving on an axis.

Re-vDl'sion, n. [Lat. revu/sio, from
revellere, to pluck or pull away.]

Act of holding or drawing back

marked repugnance.

Re-vOl'sive,V
sion

Tending to revul-

repugnant.

Re-ward',

i\ t.
[-ed; -ing.] [0.
Fr. reiverdoner, reguerredoner.
See
Guerdon.] 1. To give in return,
whether good or evil
especially
good.
2. To compensate.
1.
n.
That which is given in return for
good or evil received
usually for
good. 2. Compensation for services.
;

Stn.

Recompense

requital

remuneration

retribution.

RE- wa rd'a-BLE

a.

Worthy of being

rewarded

Re-Waru'er, n. One who rewards.

Rey'Sard, or Reyn'ard, n. [See
Renard.] A fox renard.
Rhab-dol'O-gy (rab-), n. Same as
Rabdology.
[domancy.
RhXb'do-mXn'CY, n. Same as Rab

c, &, hard; Aj

EXIST

as

ng

this.

RHAPSODICAL
Rhap-sod'I-al,
rhapsody

Rhom'bus

Consisting of

a.

Rhomb.
Rhu'barb

recites or

composes a rhapsody.

Rhap'SO-dy

Pertaining to
(ren'ish), a.
[Gr.
(ret'o-rik, 123), n.

Rhet'o-ri-G
rhetorical,

Texvq), from prjropi/co?,

1.
Art of

oratorical.]

Pertaining

Rhyme

to, or involving, rhetoric.

Rhet'o-rPcian,

n.

1.

One

well

versed in the rules and principles of

rhetoric.

Rheum

2.

An

artificial orator.

(rum), n.

[Gr.

pevpia,

from

An

increased action of the excretory vessels of any

organ.
2. A thin serous fluid, secreted by the mucous glands.
Rheu-mat'ic, a. Relating to rheumatism, or partaking of its nature.
[Gr.
Rheu'MA-tiM (ru/ma-), n.
peti/,

to flow.]

pevp-a.Ticrp.6s,

have a

1.

from

flux.]

pevp.aTiecr0ai , to

painful inflamma-

and joints.
Abounding in,

tion affecting the muscles

Rheum'y

(rijm'y), a.

or causing rheum.

Rhi-noc'e-ros,
n.

[Gr. pvvoKepcos, from pi'?, or

piv, gen. pii/6s,
the nose, and
Kepas, a horn.]

pachyderma-

hum,

rim,

etry.

2.

series, number.]
1. PoCorrespondence of sound in
the terminating words or syllables of

Ac-

(re-), adv.
cording to the rules of rhetoric.

verses.

3.

couplet or

triplet.

4.

word

answering in sound* to
another, v. i.
[-ED; -ING.] 1.
To make verses. 2. To accord in
sound.
v. t.
To put into rhyme.

Rhym'er
Rhym'ster

(
I

mean

poor or

(rim-'-),

n.

makes

poet.

back, spine.] A disease of chilcharacterized by a crooked

and other deformities.
RlCK'ET-Y, a. 1. Affected with rickets.
2. Peeble in the joints; weak.
dren,

spine,

Ricochet

(rik'o-sha' or rik'o-shSt'),
n. [Fr.] The firing of ordnance so as
to cause the balls to rebound or roll

along the ground on which they fall.

RlD,i\*. l-DED -DING.] [A.-S. hred;

dan.] To free to deliver.

Riu'UANCE, n. 1. Deliverance; a
clearing up or out. 2. State of being
;

rid or free.

[A.-S. hriddel,
sieve with coarse meshes.
[A.-S. rxdeU, fr. r sedan, to counpuzCf. Read.]
sel
to guess.
enigma.
Any
3.
zling question
thing puzzling.
v. I. [-ED; -ING.]
2. To
1. To separate with a riddle.
perforate with balls so as to make
like a riddle. 3. To solve to explain.

Rhythm

(rithm or rltrim), n. [Gr.

pvflpos, Lat. rhythmvs.}
1. Division
of time into short portions by a regular and agreeable succession of motions,
impulses, sounds, &c.
2.
Movement in musical time. 3. Harmonious flow of vocal sounds.
Rhyth'mic, or Rhyth'mic,
Rh YT H'MIC- al ,or RH V TH'MI-AL ]\
a. Pertaining to rhythm.
R'i'AL, n.
A Spanish coin.
RiB, n. [A.-S.] 1. One of the bones
inclosing the

Rhinoceros.

6. TiviJ,

humor.

One who RlD'DN, p. p. Of Ride.

a Rid'dle (rid'dl), n. 1.
rhjmes

tous mammal,
nearly allied to the hippopotamus.

in

/trie,

n. (Navigavessel which

cuts all the meridians at the same

angle.
(rim), w.
[From 0. H. Ger.

persuasion or attraction.

Rhe-tor'ic-al-ly

Abounding

angle with the meridian.

and accurate composition, RHtJMB'-LlNE (rumb'-J,

tion.)
The course of a
2. The power of
especially in prose.
(re-), a.

7.

Syn. Wealthy
affluent; opulent;
auundant sumptuous precious.

Rich'es, n. pi. ,.1'r. richesse.] Abundant possessions.

[teously.
RlCH'EY, adv. With riches; pleuRlCH'NESS, 71. 1. State of being rich.
2. That which makes any thing rich.
cine.
Rick, n. [A.-S. hrectr, a heap.] A
Rhumb (rumb, 62). n. [See Rhomb.]
covered pile of grain or hay in the
(Navigatiqti.)
Any given point of
field or open air.
the compass a line making a given Rick'ets. n. pi. [Perh. fr. A.-S. rice,

elegant

Rhe-t6r'I-al

bright.

1. A portion of an
a song.]
epic poem tit for recitation at one
wild, rumbling compositime. 2.
[the river Rhine.
tion or discourse.

pTjTopi/cij (sc.

wSri,

RHEN'ISH

(rn/biirb),

highly seasoned.

ties; also,

/\
/

[Ur. pa, rhu- /

r
[/
barb, and /3dpapos, /
\j/
strange.]
foreign,
Rhombus,
A plant of several
species used in cookery and in medi-

[Gr. pa\}/wBia,
to sew, to unite, and

(rap'-), n.

from pdnreiv,

(rom'as

Same

bus), n.

One who

n.

RIDICULE

366

unconnected.

Rhap'so-dist,

thoracic

cavity.

2.

That which resembles a rib in form

or use.
[-BED -BING.] To
v. t.

furnish with ribs.

sieve.]

2.

v.

i.

Ride,

v.

i.

To speak enigmatically.
[rode, or rid rid,
;

RIDDEN; RIDING.]

or

[A.-S. ridan.]

To be carried on the back of any

animator in a carriage. 2. To float.
4.
3. To be supported in motion.
v. t.
1.
To inanage a horse well.
To sit on, so as to be carried. 2. To
manage insolently at will. 3. To
1.

[Cf. BAWD and 0. H.

Rhi'NO-plas'tic, a.
[Gr. pis, pivos, RlB'ALD, n.
cause to ride.
Ger. hr'ibn, hrlpa, prostitute.] A low,
nose, and 7rAao-TiK:6?, fit for molding.]
Syn. - Drive. Ride originally meant
vulgar wretch; a lewd fellow.
a.
to be carried on horseback or in a vehiForming an artificial nose, by bringNow, in England,
cle of any kind.
Low base mean filthy.
ing down a piece of flesh from the
drive is the word applied in most cases
Rib'ald-ry, n.
Low, vulgar lanforehead.
to motion in a carriage, as, a drive round
guage obscenity.
Rhi-zome' (ri-zom'), n. [Gr. pif>p.a,
the park, while ride is appropriated to
motion on a horse, so that a " ride on
that which has taken root, fr. pia, Rib'bon, n. [Fr. ruban, orig. a red
horseback " would be tautology.
x'ibbon, from Lat. rubens, red.] 1. A
a root.] A creeping stem growing
n.
An excursion on horseback or
fillet of fine silk or satin.
2. pi. The
beneath the surface of the soil.
reins, or lines to guide a horse.
in a vehicle.
v. t.
Rho'di-Om, n.
[Gr. poSov, the rose,
2. An
[-ED_; -ING.] To adorn with ribbons. Rid'er, n. 1. One who rides.
from the rose-red color of its salts.]
additional clause, as to a bill in
Ametal extremely hard and brittle. RlB'ROAST, v. t. To beat~ 60undly.
Parliament.
[Ar.
aroz,
Rho'do-den'dron, n. [Gr. poSoSev- Rice, n.
RlDGE, n. [A.-S. hrycg, hricg, back,
Spov, i. e., rose-tree.]
A genus of aruz, Gr. opv^a.] A
pediment.] 1. The back, or top of
plant and its seed,
small trees having beautiful flowers.
the back. 2. "The top of any elonwhich farms an imRhomb (romb, 62), n. [Lat. rhombus,
v.
gated elevation, great or small.
portant article of food.
Gr. pop.j3os, from pencil', to whirl
1. To make into
[-ED -ING.]
RlCE'-PA'PER,
t.
round.] A figure of four equal sides
n.
A
thin, delicate paper,
a ridge or ridges. 2. To wrinkle.
but unequal angles.
Ridge'-pole, n. The timber or
brought from China,
Rhom'bic (rSm'bik), a. Having the
and used for the manboard forming the ridge of a roof.
figure of a rhomb.
RlDG'Y, a. Having a ridge or ridges.
Rhom'boid (rom'boid), n. [Gr. pop.ufacture of fancy artiRlD'I-CUEE (30), n. [Lat. ridicvlum,
cles.
/Soeifirjs ; pop.j3os,
Rich, a. [-er; -est.]
from ridiculus, laughable.] 1. Exrhomb, and elRice
pression of laughter, especially when
[A.-S. ric]
_,.-*'""
PosI.
80s, shape.] An
/
mingled with contempt. 2. Writing
elongated rhomb. / x-'"*"*
sessed of an unusually large amount
which excites contempt with laughRHOM-BOID'AL k
of property. 2. Well supplied. 3.
Rhomboid,
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] To laugh
(rom-), a.
ter.
HavProductive or fertile. 4. Highly valing the shape of a rhomboid.
at with expressions of contempt.
ued. 5. Abounding in nutritive quali-

&, e,

i,

6, u,Y,2<>Kg7. &,,!,

6 u,y,
#

sAr*

c Are far, ask, all,

,

what; ere,

veil,

term; pique, firm;

son,

RIDICULOUS
Rf-Di'u-LOUs,
[See

ridicule.

to justice. 2. Having a just claim. Ring'worm (-wurrn), n. A cutaneous

eruption forming discolored rings.
3. Being by right.
In a ridicu- RiGHT'FUL-LY (tit'-), adv. Accord- RINK, n. [Scot., prob. fr. A.-S. hrincg,

Fitted to excite

a.

Ludicrous.]

Ri-Dfe'U-LOtJs-L i', adv.

lous manner.
Ri-di'u-loCs-ness, n.

ing to the right.

n.

1.

Act of one who

easily than the left.

[Corrupted fr. trithing or triding,

One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York
[with a hood.
J Eng.), is divided.
Rid'ing-ho"od, n.
kind of cloak

RlGHT'LY (rlt'-), adv. With right.

RlGHT'NESS (rit'-), n. 1. Straight-

third.]

ness.

(-skTol), n.

1.

nonsense.

Rig'or,

n.

[Colloq.]
[Lat., fr. rigere,

of being rigid. 2. A
convulsive tremor, as iu the cold fit
of a fever. 3. Severity, as of climate.
Rig'or-ous, a. Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor
severe.
RtG'OR-ous-Ei", adv. In a rigorous

To seize and bear away by force.

To rob to pillage. 3. To groove

especially, to groove internally with

spiral channels.
[with a rifle.
A man armed
(150), n.

manner.
Rig'or-ous-ness, n. Se/erity.
RILE, n. [Either fr. L. Ger. rille, a

Rl'FLE-MAN

small channel, a furrow or fr. 0.

Eng. rigol, a small brook or fr. Lat.
rivulus, a small brook.]
A small
brook a streamlet.
to split.
To burst open.
v. i.
[-ged; -ging.]
Rig, v. t.
[A.-S. RlM, n. [A.-S. rhna, re.oma, edge, lip.]
Border, edge, or margin of something
wrigan, wrihan, to cover, clothe.]
curving. v. t.
[-MED; -MING.]
1. To dress, esp. in an odd or fanciTo furnish with a rim.
ful manner. 2. To furnish with apDress; RlME,n. [A.-S. hrim. Cf. GRIME.]
paratus or gear.
n.
1.
White or hoar frost.
clothing.
2.
Peculiar manner of
[Lat. rimvsus, fr.
fitting the masts and rigging to a Rl-MOSE' (125), a.
rhna. a chink.] Full of chinks, like
vessel.
3. A sportive trick.
the bark of trees.
Rig'ger, n. One who fits rigging.
Tfold or wrinkle.
RiG'GlNG, n. Dress; tackle of a ship. RlM'PLE (-pi), n. [A.-S. krympele.] A
RIGHT (rlt), a. [A.-S. riht, reht, Lat. RIM'PLE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
rumple to wrinkle.
rectus, kept straight, guided.]
1.
[frosty.
RlM'Y, a.
most direct. 2. Upright
Abounding with rime
Straight
3. According with truth and RIND, n. [A.-S. rind, hrind, Gr. ptvds,
erect.
the skin.] The external covering or
duty. 4. Fit suitable. 5. Not miscoat, as the skin or bark.
taken or wrong. 6 Not left, but its
opposite.
adv. 1. In a right man- Rin'der-pest, n. A contagious distemper affecting neat cattle and
ner esp., in a right or straight line.
sheep.
2. According to law or rule. 3. In a
n.
1. That
RING, n. [A.-S. firing, hrinc, a circle.]
very.
great degree
1. A circle, or any thing in the form
which is right or correct, as adherof a circular line or hoop. 2. Any
ence to duty, or to truth or fact. 2.
sound continued or repeated. 3. A
That to which one has a claim. 3.
chime of bells.
v. t. [-ED
That which is on the right side. 4.
-ING.]
cleft

v.

t.

fissure.

2.

1.

lordiag-plaee.

To cleave;

[-ED; -ING.]

The outward or most

face.

right

1.

RlGHT'-AN-GLED

(rit'-), a. Containing an angle or angles of 90.

Right'eoCs

(rl'chus),
rightivys, rigktwise.]
guilt or sin.

Right'eoOs-ly

a.

(rl-'chus-),

a righteous manner^ justly.

Right'eous-nes? (rT'chQs-), n

OR, DO,

1.

encircle. 2.

-ing]

[Icei.

more persons assembled together

for that purpose.

Tumult;

Syu\

v.

uproar; sedition.

[-ED; -ING.]

i.

1.

To indulge

in excess of luxury, feasting, behavior, &c.

2. To raise an uproar or
sedition.
[riot.
Rl'OT-ER, n. One who engages in a

Ri'OT-OtJS, a. 1. Involving or engaging in riot. 2. Seditious.

[ner.
RI'OT-otJS-LY,adz>. In a riotous manRi'P, v. t.
[-PED -PING.] [A.-S. ry-

pan.

Reap

Cf.

tear off or out

and Rive.]
by violence.

1.
2.

To
To

take away by cutting or tearing.

n.
A tear a place torn laceration.
Rl-PA'RI-AN, a. [Lat. riparius ; ripa,
bank. Relating to the bank of a river.
Ripe, a. [-er -est.] [A.-S. ripe,
0. H. Ger. rift, allied to A.-S. rip,
harvest.]
1. Having attained perfection, as grain, fruit, &c.
2. Advanced so as to be fit for use. 3.
;

Consummate

perfected.
for action or effect.

Sy^.

See

RIpe'ly, adv.

Ready

4.

Mature.
Maturely.

Rip'en (rlp'n), v. i. [-ed: -ING.] 1.

To grow ripe. 2. To approach or
come to perfection.
1. To
v. t.
make ripe, as fruit. 2. To mature

or prepare.
RIpe'ness, n. State of being ripe;
maturity completeness.
RlP'PLE (rTp'pl), v. i. [-ED; -ING.]
[Dim. of rip.] To be covered with
small waves or undulations.
n. 1.
The fretting of the surface of water.
2. A little wave or undulation.
3.
A kind of comb for flax.
RlP'RlP, n. A foundation of stones
thrown together without order, as in
deep water.
RlgE (rlz), v. i- [ROSE; RISEN; RISING.]
[A.-S. r'isan, arisan.
Cf.
Raise.] 1. To move or pass in any
manner from a lower position to a
to

fit

to ascend
to become ele2. To seem to rise
to become apparent
3. To increase in
size, force, or value, &c.
4. To close

higher

vated.

In

R'iNG'ER, n. One who rings.

The RIng'lead-er, n The leader of men

engaged in illegal enterprise, [of hair.

Consonant RlNG'LET, n. [Dim. of ring.] A curl

quality of being righteous.

(rit'ful), a.

To

n.
An iron bolt with a
ring at one end.
RTng'dove (-duv), n. A species of
pigeon the cushat.

from

adv.

RlNG'-BOLT,

Eng.

[0.

Free

[-ed

i.

RlGHT'FUL

or

2.

tice to.

inclosed skating-pond.

t.

[RANG, or RUNG
RUNG RINGING.] [A.-S. kringan.]
a session to adjourn.
To cause to sound, esp. by striking, Rise (rls), n. 1. Act of rising, or state
as a metallic body.
v. i.
1. To
of being risen. 2. Distance through
sound, as a bell, or other sonorous
which any thing rises. 8. An acbody. 2. To sound; to resound.
clivity or ascent.
4. Source origin.

finished sur-

v.t. [-ED ;-ING.]l. To set upTo do justo make straight.

v. To become upright.
;

v.

hreinsa, A.-S. hrssnan, to purge.]

To cleanse by the introduction, or a
second application, of water.
RI'ot, n. [0. Fr. note, It. riotta.] 1.
Wanton or unrestrained behavior.
2. Disturbance of the peace by threo

An

a ring.]

Rinse,

to be

1. State

stiff.]

Ri'fler, n. One who rifles.

RlFT, n. [From rive, to rend.]

righteousness.

maris-roll, an old record of the allegiance of the Scottish nobility to Edward I. of England.] Foolish talk

riffeln,

a.

numb.]

to chamfer, groove.]
1. A gun, the
inside of whose barrel is formed with
spiral grooves.
2.
whetstone for a
scythe. [Amer.]
v. t. [-ED -ING.]
[0. H. Ger. riftton, to pluck, to saw.]
2.

Rectitude

[Lat. rigidus, to be stiff

1. So firm as not to be
inflexible.
easily bent.
2. Severe
Ri-gId'i-ty, n. 1. Want of pliability.
2 Stiffness of manner.
Rig'id-ly, adv. Stiffly; inflexibly.
RiG'id-ness, n. Rigidity.
RiG'MA-ROLE, n. [A corrupt, of Rag-

or

where the art of riding is taught.

Rl-DOT'TO, n. [It., from L Lat. reductus, a retreat.] A public entertainment of music and dancing.
Rife, a. [A.-S. ryf.] Prevailing.
RlFE'LY, adv. Prevalently.
RlFE'NESS, n. Prevalence.

2.

RIg'id,

Aschool

RlFF'RAFF, n. Refuse.
RI'FLE (rl'lfl), n. [Ger. riefelen,

Using

hand habitually or more

the right

rides.

2.

RlD'iNG-SHOOL

[being rightful.
State of

RIght'ful-ness (rlt'-), n.
Right'-hand'ED (lit'-), a.

Quality of

being ridiculous.

Rid'ing,

RISIBLE

367

WOLF, TOO, SOO&j URN, RUE, PULL;

E,

/,

0,silent; c, 6, soft;

5.

Increase; augmentation.

Ris'ER,

n.

One who

rises.

[risible.

RTs'l-BlL'l-TY, n.
Quality of being
RIs/I-BLE, a. [Lat. risibilis, fr. ridere,
risum, to laugh.] Capable or worthy of exciting laughter.

Syn.

Ludicrous; laughable;

ridicu-

lous.

,&,hard; Ag; E^IST

N.

asNG;

THIS.

RISK
1.

off.]

Liability to loss in proper3. That which is liable to loss.

peril.
ty.

Syn.

v.

See

Danger.
To expose

[-ed; -ING.]

t.

hazard or

Risk'er,

to

peril.

One who

ft.

risks.

Rite,

[Lat. ritus.]
n.
Formal act of
religion, or other solemn duty.

Syn.
.

Ceremony;

observance; ordi-

nance.

Rl'TOR-NEL'LO,

n.

ritorno, return.]
to an air.
RiT'u-AL, a. [Lat.

dim. of

[It.,

short

symphony

ritualis

ritus,

rite.] 1, Relating to, or consisting of,

2. Prescribing rites.
rites.
n.

book containing
RlT'U-AL-IM, n.

rites to be observed.
1. Prescribed forms
of religious worship, or the observance of such forms. 2. Confidence

in

mere

rites.

Rit'u-al-ist, . One skilled

devoted to, a ritual.

Rit'u-AL-ly, adv.

By

rites,

in,

or

reida, preparation, fitting out (of

ships).]
A roadstead.
ROAD'STEAD, n. A place where ships
may ride at anchor, at some distance
from the shore.
Road'ster, . 1. A vessel riding at
anchor in a road. 2.
horse for
traveling.
Roam, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Orig. to
go on a pilgrimage to Rome.] To
walk or move about from place to
place without any certain purpose.
To range or wander over.
v. t.
ROAM'ER, n. One who roams.
Roan, a. [Sp. roano, from Lat. ravus,

Attended with danger,

B'JSK'Y.a.

ROGUERY

308

[From Lat. resecare, to cut

Hazard peril, or degree of

RISK, .

or

by

gray-yellow.] Bay, sorrel, or dark,

said of a horse.
with spots;
n.
1. A roan horse. 2. An imitation of
morocco, made from sheep-skin.
Roar, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
rarian.] 1. To cry with a full, loud,
continued sound, as a lion, or one in
pain. 2. To make a loud, confused
sound, as winds, waves, &c.
n. A
loud continuous noise, as of billows,
a wild beast, or the like.

Roar'er, n. One who roars.

Roar'ing, /i.
A loud, continuous

particular rite.
sound, as of a wild beast, &c.
Rl'VAL, n. [Lat. rivales, two neigh- Roast, v. t. [-ed -ing.]
[0. H.
bors having a brook in common, riGer. rOstjan.] 1. To cook, as meat,
vals rivus, a brook.] One in pursuit
before the fire. 2. To parch by exof the same object as another a composure to heat. 3. To heat excessivepetitor.
Having the same prea.
ly.
ft.
That which is roasted.
;

tensions or claims. v.t. [ED -ING,

or -LED, LING, 137 ] 1. To stand in
competition with. 2. To strive to
equal or excel to emulate.
RI'VAL-RY,
In. Act of rivaling, or
Rl'VAL-SHlP, J state of being a rival.
Syn. See Emulation.
;

Rive,

v.

[-ed; -ed, or -en

t.

-ing.]

To

[A.-S. red/an, to break, split.]

rend asunder by force to split to

cleave.
To be split.
v. i.
RlV'ER, n. [Lat. riparius, belonging
to a bank, from ripa, a bank.] A
stream of water, larger than a brook.
RlV'ER-HORSE, ft. A hippopotamus.

RlV'ET,

[Fr., fr, river, to rivet.]

ft.

pin of metal clinched at one or both

[-ED; -ING.] 1. To
ends.
v. t.
fasten with rivets. 2. To clinch.
RIv'U-LET, n. [Lat. rivulus, dim. of
rivus, a brook.] A small brook.
RIx'-DOL'LAR, ft. [Ger. reichsthaler,
A silver
i. e., dollar of the realm.]
coin of Germany, Holland, Denmark,
and Sweden, varying in value from
60 cents to $1.08.
Roach, n. [A.-S. reohha, reohche.) A
fresh-water fish of the carp family.
Road (20), n. [A.-S. rad, fr. rldan,
to ride.]
An open or public way for

traveling.

To rule the 7-oa$l, to take the lead

domineer of uncertain origin.

to

Roasted.

a.

Roasx'er,

n.
1. One who roasts
2. A contrivance for roastingpig for roasting.
Rob, v. l. [-bed; -bing.] [Goth.
ranbCn, A.-S. redjjan, Eng. reave.]
To take away from by force to

meat.

3.

plunder.

Rob'ber,

One who commits a

robbery.
Syn.
Thief; plunderer.

Way

n. The crime of robbing.

Robe, n. [L. Lat. rauba, raupa, a
theft, dress, garment, orig. booty.

See ROB.]
1. An outer garment;
esp one of a rich, flowing, or elegant
style. 2. A skin of the wolf, buffalo,
&c, prepared for use. [Amer.] v.
t.
[-ed -ing.] To invest with a
robe to drers.
Rob'in, n. [Prop, an abbrev. of Rob(a.) A European singing bird,
ert.]
having a reddish breast,
(b.) An
American singing bird, having the
breast of a dingy orange-red color.
ROB'O-RANT, a. [Lat. roborans, from
robur, a hard kind of oak, hardness.]
Strengthening.
w. A strengthening

generic, denoting

I,E, 1,6,

v,

v,long; X,E,I,6,tJ,Y,Aor/CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

Same

as

Pow'DERg

1"

(ro-sheK)

Sedlit/. Powders.

RoCH'ET

(rotch'et), n.
[A.-S. roc,
Icel. rockr, a coat, garment.]
linen
garment resembling a surplice.
ROCK, n. [From a hypoth. Lat. rvpira.

from

a rock.]

ritprs,

1.

large

mass

of stony material.
2. Any natural
deposit of stony material. 3. That
which resembles a rock in firmness.
4. [Icel. rockr, 0. H. Ger. rocco.]
A
distaff used in spinning.
v. t. [-ED;
-ING.] [A.-S. reocan, to waver, ex-

1. To move backward
and forward on a support. 2. To still
to quiet.
To be moved backt*.
ward and forward.

hale, smoke.]

?'.

Rock'a-way,
two seated
full

n.
A four-wheeled,
plea sure- carriage, with

standing top.

Rock'-CRYS'TAL, v. Limpid quartz.

RSck'ER, n. 1. One who rocks. 2.
The curving piece of wood on which
a cradle or chair rocks.

RoCK'ET,

n.

1.

ror.chetta,

[It.

from

See ROCK ]
An
projected through
the air
2. [Lat. eruca.]
A plant,
sometimes eaten as a salad.
Rock'i-ness, m. State of being rocky.
Rock'-oil, n. Same as PETROLEUM.
Rock'-salt (8), n.
Common salt
occurring in rock -like masses in
mines, or formed in large crystals,
by evaporation from sea-water.
Rock'-work (-wfirk), n. Masonry in
imitation of natural masses of rock.
Rock'y, a. 1. Full of rocks. 2.
Formed of rocks. 3. Resembling a
rock.
Bod, n. [A.-S. rod, allied to Skr. ridh,
to grow.] 1. Shoot or long twig of
any woody plant. 2. Any long slender stick; as, (a.) An instrument of
punishment, (b.) A kind of scepter,
or badge of office. 3. A measure of
Jength, containing 16| feet a perch.
Rode (20), imp. of Ride.
Ro'dent, a. [Lat. rodens.] Gnawing.
n.
A gnawing animal, as a rat.
rocca,

distaff.

artificial firework,

Bob'ber-y,

medicine a tonic.
highway street. Way Ro-BUST', a. [Lat. robustus, oaken,
any line for passage
hard, fr. robur, strength.] 1. Indior conveyance; a highway is literally
cating strength and vigorous health.
one raised for the sake of dryness and
2. Requiring strength or vigor.
convenience in traveling; a road is a
way for horses and carriages; a street is
Syn. Strong; powerful.
a paved way, as early made in towns
Ro-BUST'NESS,
n.
Quality of being
and cities, and hence the word is disrobust; strength.
tinctively applied to roads or highways
in compact settlements.
Roche'-Al'um (rok'-), n. [Fr. roche,
rock.] A pure kind of alum.
[Either from A.-S. rad, or from Icel.
Syn.

is

Ro-chelle

what

Rod'o-mont-ade',
mont,
osto.]
ter.

n. [From Rodoin the Orlando Furioso of Ari-

Vain boasting

v.

Roe,

To boast

i.

empty blus-

to bluster.

H. Ger. rogan, rogin]

2. [See
1. Ovary and eggs of a fish.
Female of any species of
infra.]
n.

[O.

deer.

B- The milt of the male fish

times called soft roe.

is

some-

[A.-S. rah, ra, N. H.

small species
Ger. reh, rehbock.]
of male deer.
Bo-ga'tion, ft. [Lat. rogatio, from
Litany ; suprogare, to ask, beg.]
plication.
Rogation days, the three days immediately before the festival of Ascension,
Rogation v>eek, the second week before

ROE'BUCK,

ft.

Whit-Sunday.

Rogue

(rog, 20),

ft.

[Icel.

hrokr, a

brave, proud, or ha.ughty man. 1 1.

A deliberately dishonest person a
knave. 2. One who is mischievous.
;

ROGU'ER-Y

(rog/er-J-), n.

1.

Fraud;

ERE, veil, trM; PIQUE, FIRM; s6N,

KOGUISH
dishonest practices.
mischievousness

ROGU'ISH
2.

(roguish), a.

1.

tricks

Dishonest.

Slightly mischievous.

Rogu'ish-ly

adv.

(rog'ish-),

Like a

rogue.

RoGU'ISH-NESS

&oil

Quality
knavery
mis-

(rog'ish-), n.

of being roguish
chievousness.

RORIFEROUS

369

Arch

2.

[-ED
the south of Europe.
v. i.
ING.]
To write or tell romances or
extravagant stories.
Ro-man'cer, n. One who romances.
Ro'MAN-ESQUE' (-esk'), a. Characterized by the debased style of architecture of the later Roman empire.
n. 1. A debased style of architecture adopted in the later Roman em;

[-ed;-ing.] [Either
pire. 2. The common dialect of some
fr. broil, or from 0. Eng. roile, reile,
of the districts in the south of France.
by Ro-M \N'I, a. Pertaining to Rome or
to roll.]
1. To render turbid
its people, or to the languages which
stirring up the dregs of. 2. To excite.
sprung cut of the old Eoman.
Rois'TER-ER, n. [Prob. fr. Fr. rustre,
a boor, a clown, clownish.] A bold, Ro'MAN-isM, n. Tenets of the church
blustering fellow.
of Rome.
RdLE (rol), n. [Fr. See Roll.] Part Ro'man-ist, n. A Roman Catholic.
performed by a play-actor
hence, RO'MAN-IZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
any conspicuous action or duty.
convert to the Roman Catholic reRoll, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L. Lat.
ligion or opinions.
rotulare, from Lat. rotulus, rotala, a Ro-mXns^h',
n. [Gris.ru??iansch,rolittle wheel.]
Ro-MANSH',
monsch, ramonsch.]
1. To cause to revolve
Language of the Grisons in Switzerby turning over and over. 2. To
wrap round on itself. 3. To involve
land.
by winding.
1. Pertaining to ro4. To drive forward Ro-man'ti, a.
with an easy circular motion. 5. To
mance hence, fictitious fanciful.
press or level with a roller.
2. Characterized by novelty, strangev. i. 1.
To revolre. 2. To move up and
ness, or vaiiety.
down, as waves, or from side to side, Ro-MAN'Tl-AL-LY, adv. In a roas a ship. 3. To beat a drum with
mantic manner.
[From Lat. Ro-MAN'Ti-cisM, n. State of being
very rapid strokes!
n.
rotula, a little wheel.]
1. Act of
romantic.
rolling, or state of being rolled.
2. Rom'ish, a.
Relating to Rome, or to
That, which rolls a roller. 3. That
the Roman Cathode church.
which is rolled up, as a register, or Romp, n. 1. A rude girl. 2. Rude
a small loaf of*bread. 4. The beatplay or frolic.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.]
(3S),v.

t.

ing of a

drum with

Roll'gall,
ing over a

n.

list

rapid strokes.
Act or time of call-

of names.

[A different spelling of ramp.]

To
play rudely and boisterously.
RoMP'lSH, a. Given to rude play.

Roll'er, n. That which rolls on its Ron-deau' (-do'), n.

own axis, as a cylinder of wood,
round.] A musical

[Fr., fr. rond,

composition, in

stone, &c.
which the first strain is repeated at
Rol'lio, v. i.
[-ED; -ing.]
[An
the end of each of the other strains.
abb rev. and modif. of frolic, with an Rood,b. 1. [SeeRoD.] Fourth part
allusion to roll.]
To move in a careof an acre. 2. [A.-S. rod, rod, cross.]
Jess, swaggering, frolicsome manner.
n.
mill with
heavy rollers, through which heated
metal is passed, to form it into sheets,

ROLL'ING-MILL,

representation of the crucified

Christ, or of the Trinity.
[A.-S. hrof, top, roof.]
n.
1.
er part of nny house or barn, &c.

ROOF,

_&c.

ROLL'lNG-Pi'N, n. A wooden cylinder

to roll out dough with.
RO-MA'IC, n.
[Mod. Gr. 'Poj/okukos.]
The modern Greek language.
a.
Relating to modern Greece, or its

Ro~of'less,

a.

Having no

1.

roof.

2,

Unsheltered.

Roof'-tree,

n. 1. The beam in the

angle of a roof. 2. The roof itself.
ROOK, n. 1. [Ar. rokh, or rukli, a fabulous bird, and the tower at chess.]
(Chess.) One of the four pieces on

the corner squares of the board a

2. [A.-S. hrOc. Cf. 0. Sax.
rouca, chattering, and Goth, hrickjan, to croak.] A gregarious bird resembling the crow.
v. t or i. [-ED j
-ing.] To cheat to defraud.
;

castle.

n.
1. A
place where
rooks build their nests. 2. A dilapidated cluster of buildings.
Rook'y, a. Inhabited by rooks.

ROOK'ER-Y,

Room

[A.-S. r&m.]

(29), n.

1.

Space

which has been or may be set apurt.

An apartment in a house. 3.
Freedom to act. 4. Place left by another.
[-ED; -ING.] To ocv.i.
cupy a room to lodge.
Ro_om'I-ness,. Spaciousness spaceRooivi'Y, a. Having ample room; spa2.

cious

wide.

Roost,

n.

[A.-S. hrdst.]
rest at night

which birds

A
;

pole on
a perch.

[-ed -ing.]
To rest, us
birds on a pole to perch.
Roost'er, n. The male of the domestic fowl a cock.
v.

i.

Root,

n.

Lat. radix.]
axis of a plant. 2.

[Icel., allied to

The descending

1.

An

ed'ble root.

3.

That which

re-

sembles a root as a source of nourishment or support that fr. which any

thing proceeds as if by growth esp.,
;

An ancestor. (6.) A word from

which other words are formed, (c.)
That factor of a quantity which when
(a.)

multiplied into itself will produce

that quantity.
v.i. [-EJ>; -ING.]
1. To enter the earth, as roots.
2.
To be firmly fixed. 3. [A.-S. ivrotan,
wrotian, to root, tvrdt, a snout.] To
turn up the earth with the snout, as
swine.
v.t. 1. To make deep or
radical.
2. To tear up by the root
to eradicate. 3. To turn up with the
snout, as swine.

Root'let, n. A little root.

Root'y, a. Full of roots.
Rope, n. [A.-S. rap, Goth, raip,

a. 1. Pertaining to Rome, or
to the Roman people. 2. Pertaining
to the Roman Catholic religion. 3.
(a.) Upright;
said of the letters
ordinarily used, like those in this

raips.)
stout, twisted cord. 2.
things united.
v. i.
[ED; -ING.] To draw out into a
filament or thread.
To draC"
v. t.
by, or as by, a rope.
Rope '-danger, n. One who dances
on a stretched rope.
[made.

paragraph. (&.) Expressed in letters,

as I., IV., i., iv., &c.
said of nu-

Rope'- walk (-wawk),

M Roof.

Hip Roof.

language.

Ro'MAN,

Catholic, pertaining to, or adhering to, the religion of that church of

which the pope is the spiritual head.

A native of Rome.

cium, the

large,

common

roman-

vulgar language,

which sprung from the

Shed Roof.

Rop'y,

Ogee Roof.

Conical
Roof.

[L. Lat.

(114), n.

Roman

or

and

2.

cous

That which corresponds

with
house.

the covering of a
v. t. [-ED -ing.]
;

5T\

To cover with a roof.

Gable Roof.
wonderful tale.
2. The language
2. To shelter.
formed from a mixture of Latin with Roof'ing, n. 1. Materials of or for
the languages of the barbarians in
a roof.
2. The roof itself.
Latin language.]

1.

fictitious

or, do, wolf, too, TO"OK; tTRN, rue,

ii.

place where ropes are

n.

long,

where ropes are

manufactured.
[viscosity.
Rop'i-ness,. Quality of being ropy;
covered

Roman

n.

string of

Rop'er-y,

merals.

Ro-MANCE'

1.

1.

pyLL

E,

I,

o, silent

c, G,

soft,;

building

a.

[From

rope.]

Stringy

vis-

glutinous.

Roq'ue-latjre (rok'e-lor), n. [From

a Due de Roqvelai/re, who introduced
it.]
A surtout made to button from
top to bottom.

Ro

FtF'ER-oOs, a.
[Lat. rorifer
dew, and ferre, to bear.)
Producing dew.

rus, roris,

, 5, hard;

A; EIST

N.

as

ng; this.

;;

RORQUAL
ROR'QUAL,

folds.]

whale resem-

rose.]

n.

1.

(Rom.

2.

Cath.

Wheel-shaped.

rosette.

a.
[Lat. roseus, rosatus
rose.]
1. Full of roses ; rosy.
rose coJor.
Rose'-col'ored, a. 1. Having the
2. Uncommonly
color of a rose.

3.

hence, extravagant.

meaning.

An imitation of a rose made

2. An ornament in
of ribbon, &c.
_the form of a rose.
RogE'-WA'TER, n. Water tinctured
with roses by distillation.
a. Having the odor of rose-water hence,
sentimental. _
RSsE'-wilVDOW, n. A circular win-

Kot'ten

roe.] 1.

trid

n.
A soft stone
for polishing metallic substances.
a. [Lat. rotundus, fr. rota,
a wheel.] 1. Circular spherical. 2.
Complete entire.
Ro-TUN'DA, a. [From Lat. rotundus,
;

It,

and overcome

(ruf-), v. t.
[-cast
-TNG.]
1. To form or mold rudely.
2. To plaster with a mixture of plasn. 1. A rude model.
ter and shells.
2. A mixture of plaster with shells.
Rough'-DRAW (ruf-), v. t. To delineate coarselv.
;

ROUGH'^N

Re-

6,0,

2. Full
complete. 3. Not inconsiderable; large. 4. Positive; decided.
Round number, one approxinmtely near
;

the truth.
Hound robin, a written petition, meinoriul, remonstrance, or instrument, signed by names in a ring or circle, so as not to show who signed it first.

n.

1. That which is round, as a

or a sphere. 2. A series of
events ending where it began. 3. A
series of duties to be performed in
turn, and then repeated. 4. Rotation, as in office; succession. 5. Step
of a ladder. 6. A short, vocal piece,
in which three or four voices follow
each other round in a species of
fugue in the unison.
Round of beef, a cut of the thigh
through and across the bone.

circle

adv.

On

1.

larly. 3.

(rufn), v.
r

To make rough.
become rough.

short;

t.
.

i.

f-ED; -ING.]

sides.

all

Circu-

2.

From one side or party to anBack to the starting point

1. On every side of around

other. 4.

To make

v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1.
circular, spherical, or cylin-

2. To complete. 3. To make
4. To move about.
To grow or become round.

drical.
i.

Indirect; going
round.
n. 1. A sort of surtout. 2.
An arm-chair with a rounded back.
Roun'del, n. [Fr. rondelle, a round,
a round shield.] 1. A small circular
shield in the 14th and 15th centuries.
2. (Her.) An ordinary in the form
of a small jcircle.
Roun'de-lay, n. [0. Fr. rondelet, fr.
rond, round.] A sort of ancient poem
in which certain parts are repeated.
a.

Rough'-gast

to,

for public speakers

is. 1.

a rake

To rough it, to encounter

difficulties or hardships.

ros-

[Lat. rostratus

o, u, ,long; A.

I,

debauchee

[Fr., prop. p.

To render rough

a, e,

bramble,

[Cf. Fr. ronce,

n.

upon the wheel.] Round'A-BOUT,

rostrum, a beak.]
Furnished or adorned with beaks.
ROS'TRUM n. [Lat., from ror/err to
gnaw.] 1. Beak or bill of a bird. 2.
Beak of a ship. 3. An elevated place

-est, 142.]

Rounce,

v.

(ruf), a.
[-er -est.] [A.-S.
hreoh, hreog, rfih, rhg.]
1. Having
inequalities, small ridges or points
on the surface.
2. Lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish rude
austere
uncivil
harsh
n.
rude, coarse fellow; a bully.
v. t.

officers.

[-ER;

protuberant.

Rough

a.

little

circularity
Route (rob-aV), n.
of rouer, to break
;

n.
[Cf. Prov. Ger. grus, graus,
coarse sand, rubbish.
Rough, scaly
matter on the bark of trees.
RSs'TER, n. [A corruption of register.']
An official list of military

Ros/Y,

of coins in paper.
(rub -let'), n. [Fr., prop.
wheel or ball roultr, to roil.
1. A game of chance
2. A small
toothed wheel used by engravers.

roll

About.

(robzh), n.
[Fr. rouge, from
Lat. rubeus, red.] A red cosmetic for
the cheeks or lips.
v. i.
[-ED:
-ING.] To paint the f ce or cheeks
v.t.
with rouge.
To paint with
rouge.

from turpentine.

a.

austerely.

Roulette

-prep.

Ross,

[-ed.

t.

In a rough

Rouleau
LEAUX

2.

ROUGE

To rub with rosin.

a.
Like rosin, or partaking
of its qualities.

Ros'trate,
Ros'TRA-ted,

harshly

v.

coarsely.

adv.

(rufnes), n. Quality or
state of being rough.
RoUgh'-shod (ruf-), a. Shod with
shoes armed with points.
(rob-lo'), w.; pi.
noff(roo-mV). [Fr., a roll.] !L

t.

manner

ricity

R6s'lN-Y,

rostralis

(ruf'ly),

round.] Any building round both on

the outside and inside.
Ro-TUND'I-TY, n. Roundness sphe-

[Lat.

ROT.] PuState cf be-

Ro-TUND',

sect of hermetical philosophers, who

made great pretensions to a knowledge of the secrets of nature.
a.
Pertaining to the Rosicrucians.
R5|'IN, n. [A different form of resin.']

a.

(109), n.

ing rotten.

dow with divisions which bear a resemblance to the leaves of a rose.

RogE'WbOD, n. The wood of different kinds of trees, growing in warm
climates.
Ros/I-cru'cian, n. [Lat. ros, dew,
(thought to be the most powerful
dissolvent of gold), and crux, cross,
(the emblem of light).]
One of a

trum, a beak.]
Like, or relating
a rostrum, or the beak of a ship.

[See

(rot/tn),rt.

deca> ed.

Rot'TEN-stone,

Ros'TRAL,

Rot'TjEN-ness

resin obtained

a.

crwth.] A musical instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.

n. [0. Fr.
rote, N. Fr. route, road, path.] M*re
repetition without attention to the

n.
[Lat. rosmarinus ;
dew, and marinus, marine.] A
plant having a fragrant smell, and a
warm, pungent taste.
Ro-SETTE', n. [Fr., dim. of rose, a

v.

[rotary.

Turning as a wheel
Ro'TA-TO-RY (50), a. 1. Turning on
an axis. 2. Following in succession.
ROTE, n. [0. H. Ger. rota, hrota, W.

ros,

The

Frequent change of crop on a

piece of land.

Ro'ta-tive,

RoE'MA-RY,

-1NG.J

(rufhG),

To hew

-ING.]

Rotate.] 1. Act of turning, as a

wheel. 2. Any succession in a series.

of Rise.

Of a

beautiful

[-ED

i.

thorn.] Handle of a printing-press.

To revolve or move round a center.
Round, a. [See Rotund.] 1. Like
v. t. To cause to revolve.
Ro-TA'TION, n.
[Lat. rotatio.
See
a ball or a circle spherical curved.

Ro'sE-ATE,
2.

v.

-n

RoDgh'ly

disclosure; the rose being, among the

ancients, the symbol of secrecy.

rosa,

Under the rose (Lat. sub rosa), in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids

-v., imp.

Church.) A string of beads on which

prayers are counted.
RoE, n. [Lat. rosa, allied to Gr.
poSov.] 1. A well-known plant and
2.

RoOgh'ness

To

putrefy; corrupt; decay.

v. t. To make putrid to bring to
n.
Decay; putrefaccorruption.
tion specifically a fatal distemper
incident to sheep.
Ro'ta-rv, a.
[Lat., fr. rota, wheel.]
Turning, as a wheel on its axis rotatory.
[Lat. rotatus, turned
Ro'TATE, a.
rota wheel ]
round like a wheel

'

flower.

to decay.

Syn.

[Lat. rosarium ; rosa, a

bed of roses, or place

where roses grow.

Rough'-hew

Rot,

Ro'sa-RY,

ROUND-SHOULDERED

sembling a rose in colo", form, or

blooming blushing.
[-ted; -ting.) [A.-S.
v. i.
rotian.]
To be decomposed; to go
qualities

bling the common whale, but having

a more slender body as well as lougitudinal folds on the throat and under parts.
Ro-sA'CEOUS,a. [Lat. rosaceus; rosa,
rose.] Relating to, or like, the rose.

J,

370

[Norvr. rorqualus, a

n.

whale with

Round'he ad,

n.

Puritan

from

the practice which prevailed among

them of cropping the hair.
Round'IIOUSE, n. 1. A constable's
prison. 2. (Naut.) A cabin in tno
after part of the quarter-deck.

ROUND'ING,
Round'ish,

Somewhat round:

a.

nearly round.

Roukd'let, n. A little circle.

Round'ly, rtrff. 1. In a round
2.

Openly

boldly.

RoUND'NESS,n.

1.

3.

With

form.

speed.

Quality or state of

being round. 2 Smoothness of

Plainness boldness.

3.

How

Syn. Circularity

sphericity.

To grow or Round'-shoul/dered,

a.

Having

the shoulders projecting behind.

care, far, ask, all what; ere, veil, trm; pique, fTrm

s6n

ROUSE
Rouse,

v.

[A.-S.rfi-

To wake from

1.

2. To excite to lively thought

sleep
3. To put into motion. 4.
~-r action.
1. To
v. i.
To startle or surprise.
awake. 2. To be excited to thought
n. [Icel. rilss ; russa, to
or action.

ge f drunk.]

carousal

festival.

n. One who, or that which,

rouses or excites.
(40), n. [0. Fr. route, rote, com-

Rous'ER,

ROUT

pany, fr. Lat. ruptus, broken.] 1. A

fashionable assembly, or large evening party. 2. A rabble. 3. An uproar; a noise. 4. [Lat. ruptus, rupta,
broken.] Defeat of troops, or the
disorder and confusion of defeated
troops.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To defeat and throw into confusion.
ROUTE (root or rowt, 40), n. [Fr.
route, fr. Lat. rupta (sc. t'/a,fr. rurnpere, to break
hence, lit. a brokea
or beaten way.] The course or way
traveled a passing a march.

ROU-TINE'

(rJb-teen'), n.
[Fr., from
route, a path, way, road.] 1. A round
of business, or pleasure. 2. Any regular course of action.
Rove, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Orig. to

and hence, to range, to wander.]

To wander to ramble to range.
1. To wander over. 2. [Perh.
v. t.
fr. reeve.]
To draw through an e^e
rob,

or aperture

Rov'er,
rate

n.

to card, as wool.

1.

A wanderer.

2.

pi-

raw.] 1. A line
of persons or things a rank. 2. An
excursion in a boat with oars.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[A.-S. rOwan.
Of.
Rudder.] 1. To impel, as a boat
by oars. 2. To transport by rowing.
v. i. 1. To labor with the oar. 2.
To be moved by oars.
(rou), n. [Abbreviated fr. rout.]
A riotous disturbance.
Row'dy (rou'dy), n. [From rout, or
row.] A riotous, turbulent fellow.
n.

[A.-S.

Row

Row'EL

(rou'el).

[Fr. rouelle

n.

Lat. rotulu, a little wheel

little wheel of a spur.
2
seton.

v.

1.

[ED, -ING;

t.

The

kind of

or

LED,

-LING,

137.] To insert a rowel in.

(rou'en), n. [Called also rowings, roughings, fr. rough, 0. Eng.

Row'en

Second growth of grass

row, roive.]
in a season.

Row'er,

One who rows.

n.

Row'lock

contrivance to support an oar in rowing.

(rolloq. riit'uk),

ROY'AL, a. [Fr.
See Regal.]

royal,

7i.

Lat. regalis.
1. Pertaining to the
crown. 2. Becoming a king or queen.
Syn.
Regal; kingly.
n. 1. A large kind of paper. 2.
A small sail above the top-gallantsail.
[duct of royalists.
^
ROY'AL-ISM, n. Principles or conRoy'al-Ist, n.
An adherent to a
king, or a kingly government.

Person of a king.

2.

rogative.

fr.

Fr. royaute

1.

State of being royal.

Rudd,
red

rud, red, from i*3

fresh-water European

[A.-S.

n.

irises.]

fish of the carp family.

RUD'DER, n. [A.-S. rodher, Cf.

Row.]

The instrument by which a ship

2. That which guii'~Redness; a lively
Rud'di-ness, n.
1.

is

steered.

flesh color.
spo
[A.-S. rud, red.]
red ocher.
cies of red earth
Rud'dy, a. [-ER -est, 142.] [A.-S.
rud, reid, red.] 1. Red. 2. Ofalive s y
flesh color.
(32), a. [-ER: -est.] [Lat. ru-

RUD'DLE,n.

Rude

Characterized by roughness;
rugged lacking delicacy or

dis.]

uneven

refinement.
Rude'ly, adv.

[ly

uncivilly.

casm joke.
Coarsely unskillfolRtJB'BER, n. 1. One who rubs. 2. Rude'NESS, n. Condition of being
rude unevenness coarseness inelIn some games of chance, the deci;

game or games. 3. (pi.) Overegance incivility.

Ru'di-ment (32), n. [Lat.
made of india-rubber.
"tum,fr. rudis, unwrought
India-rubber, caoutchouc originally

sive

rudi me nrude.] 1.

shoes

used

to

rub out pencil marks.

RUB'BISII, n.
[Orig. that which is
rubbed off.] Waste or rejected matter fragments ruins.
Rub'ble, n. Rough stones, broken
bricks, &c.,_used in coarse masonry.
Rub'ble-stone, n. 1. Rubble. 2.
A kind of conglomei'ate rock.
;

Ry/BE-FA'CTENT,
n.

[Lat.

Making red.
rubefacient, making red.]
a.

which produces redness

of the skin.

growing

[Lat.

a.

Becoming

red.]

rubescens,
red tend;

ing to a red color.

Ry/Bl-UND,

a. [Lat.

rubicundus; ru-

Inclining to redness.

ber, red.]

2. A first
Unfinished beginnings.
principle of any art or science. 3.
An organ not fully formed.
Ry'DT-MENT'AL,
a. 1. Pertaining
)

Ru'di-ment'a-ry,

Rue

to

rudiments

Imperfectly developed.
[-ed -ing.J [A.-S.
(32), v. t.

initial.

2.

hreoivan.] To lament; to regret.

n. [Gr. pvTij
A.-S. rdde.] A bitter
plant with a strong odor.
Rue'ful, a. 1. Causing one to lament mournful. 2. Expressing sor;

Ru-BES'CENT,

row.

Rue'ful-ly, adv. Mournfully.

RUFF, n. [0. Eng. ruff, equiv.
rough.]

to
collar plaited, crimped,

1.

or fluted. 2. Something formed in

plaits or flutings. 3. A bird allied to
the woodcock.
v. t. [-ED;-ING.]

Ru-BiF'ie, a.
[Lat. ruber, red, and
faeere, to make.] Making red.
To ruffle to disorder.
Ru-Bi'GO,n. [Lat.] (.Bo*.) A kind
RUF'FIAN (riif/yan or -fi-an), n. [Prob.
of rust on plants mildew.
from
Ger. raufen, to pluck, scuffle,
Ry/BLE (rii'bl), n. [Russ. rubl, orig.

a piece cut off.] A silver coin of

Russia, worth about SO. 75.

boisterous, brutal fellow.

fight.]
a. Brutal
savagely boisterous.

RijF'F[AN-isM (ruf'ya.n- or rtii'ii-an-),

n. Act or conduct of a ruffian.
That part of any work which
red.]
RUF'FIAN-LY (ruf/yan- or ruf 'fi-an-),
in.the early manuscripts and typoga. Like a ruffian
bold in crimes.
raphy was colored red specifically,
RUF'FLE (ruMl), V. t. [-ED,-ING.]
(a.) Law-books.) The title of a stat[From
0.
Eng.
equiv. to rough.]
ruff,
ute. (6.) Episcopal Prayer-book.) Di1. To make into or like a ruff. 2. To
rections for the conduct of service.

Ry'BRI-e, n.

[Lat. rubrica,

fr.

ruber,

Ry'BRre-AL,

a. 1. Colored in red. 2.
Pertaining to the rubric.
Ry'BRl-ATE, v. t. To mark or distinguish with red.

Ry'BY

(32), n.

dish.]

1.

[Lat. rubeus, red, redprecious stone of a car-

disturb the surface of. 3. To discompose; to agitate. 4. To throw into

confusion.
v. i. To play loosely
to flutter.
n. 1. A strip of plaited
cambric; a frill. 2. State of being
ruffled or disturbed. 3. A low, vibrating beat of a drum.

mine red color. 2. A printing type

Ru'fous,
smaller than nonpareil;
so called

England.
Ggg^ This type

a.

is

Ruby

(rcTbsh), n.

[Fr., fr.

red.
ruche, a
;

beehive, which was formerly made

of bark.] A kind of plaited quilling.
-ING.]
Ruck, v. t
[-ED
[Icel.
hrucka, to wrinkle.]
To draw into
n. A
wrinkles or folds to crease.
wrinkle or plait in cloth.
;

belch.]
;

it.

ructare,

[Lat.

Act of be'ching.

E,

I,

o,

sj'I

nit

[Lat. rufus.]

Reddish;

Rug, n. [A.-S. rug, rough.

RoUGH.] A coarse, woolen

or Agate.

Of the color of the ruby

RUCHE

a.

brownish-red.

in

wolf, to~o, TOOK URN, rue, pull

;

tax paid to the government, as on

the produce of a mine. 6. A percentage paid to the owner of an article or privilege by one who hires
the use of it.
[-bed; -bing.]
[\V.
Rub, v. i.
rhwbiaw, 0. H. Ger. riban.
Cf.
Rive.] 1. To wipe; to clean; to
scour.
2. To spread a substance
thinly over the surface of; to smear.
v. i.
1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure. 2. To
chafe. 3. To pass with difficulty.
2.
n. 1. Act of rubbing; friction.
That which rubs a pinch. 3. Sar-

ROY'AL-IZE, V. t. [-EDJ-ING.] To
make royal.
[manner.
Roy'al-ly, adv. In a royal or kingly
Roy'al-TY, n. [0. Fr. royaulte, N. Rue-TA'TION,
or, do,

Royal predomain. 5.

3.

Kingdom

4.

A substance

a freebooter.

ROW (r3),

RUGGEDNESS

371

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

See Raise.]

siaii.

to

for protecting a carpet,

See
fabric

ic.

Rug'ged(60),

a.
[From the root of
rug, rough.] 1. Rough and uneven.
Harsh austere. 3. Stormy tur-

2.

bulent tempestuous. 4. Rough to

the ear. 5. Violent rude boisterous. 6. Vigorous robust.
[ner.
Rug'ged-LY, adv. In a rugged manROg'ged-ness, n. Quality ^pr state
of being rugged.

C, G, so/?; , g, hard;

Ag J E3CIST

as

ng

t-eis

RUGOSE
Ru-GOSE'

of being decayed, or worthless.

Syn. Destruction fall; overthrow.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] To impair se;

to damage essentially. v.
;

riously

To

to ruins
to perish.
Rtj'in-a'tion, n. Subversion demolition.
Ry'lN-ER, n. One who ruins.
Ry'lN-oiJS, a.
Bringing certain
1.
3.
"ruin. 2. Characterized by ruin.
Consisting in ruins.
i.

fall

Ry'IN-oOs-LY, adv. Destructively.

Ry'lN-ous-NESS, n. State or quality
being ruinous.

"of

Ryi/A-BLE

(32),

An

conduct or action.

3.

Government

control.

Rule of Tliree (Arith.) a rule which

directs, when three terms are given, how
to jind a fourth; proportion.
1. To mark
v. t. [-ed; -ING.]
with lines by a ruler. 2. To govern.
4. To require or
3. To establish.
.

command by rule. v. i. 1. To
have power or command. 2. To decide
to order by rule. 3. To stand
or maintain on a level.
RUL'ER, n.
1. An instrument for
drawing lines a rule. 2. One who
;

rules

a governor.

Rul'ing,

RUM,

1. Marking with a
Predominant; reigning.
West Indian
A kind of spirit distilled

p. a.
2.

"ruler.

[Said to be a

n.

word.]
a.
[Prov. Eng.,
from molasses.
Old-fashold-fashioned rubbish.]
ioned; queer; odd. [Cant.]
RUM'BLE n. A low, heavy sound.
v.i. [-ED -ING-.] To make a low,
heavy, continued sound, [rumbles.
RUM'BLER, n. One who, or that which,

Ry'MI-NANT,

[Lat.

a.

ruminans,

the cud, fr. rumen, the

n. An
throat.] Chewing the cud.
animal that chews the cud.
Ry'Ml-NATE, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] 1.
To chew the cud. 2. To muse to
1. To chew over
v. t.
meditate.
again. 2. To muse or meditate on.
Ry'Ml-NA'TlON, n. 1. Act of chewing thecud. 2. Deliberate reflection.

chewing

Ry'Ml-NA'TOR,

n.

Syn.

v.

rumor.

Ru'mor-er, n. A teller of news.

RUMP, n. [Icel. rumpr, a tail.] End
of the back-bone with the parts adjacent buttocks.
RUM'PLE (runi'pl), v. i. [-ED -ING.]
:

[SeeRlMPLE.] To make uneven

to
irregular fold or
[and confusion.
plait;
RUM'PUS, n. A disturbance noise
Run, v. i. [RAN, or RUN; run;

wrinkle.

One who rumi-

nates or muses.
n. [Fr. remuage, a moving or stirring, fr. Lat. re, again, and
mutare, to move from its place.]
thorough or close search.
v. t.

Ry'MOR,

To search or examine

RUNNING.] [A.-S. rinnan, runnon,

Goth, and 0. II. Ger. rinnan. 1. To
go with a more rapid gait than by
said of inanihence.
walking
to move with an easy
mate things,
\

"without any
trutff of it.

A current

ized.

A, E,

I,

said of involuntary motion.

or rapid movement. 2. To move or

said of voluntary or personal
to
action. 3. To be moved; to pass

go

go
v.

To cause

1.

t.

to run, in the va-

5,U, Y,long; A,,JL, 6,

tf,

a.

[Lat. ruralis,

fr.

rut, run's

country.] 1. Belonging to the country. 2. Pertaining to agriculture.

Syn.
Rustic Rural refers to the
country itself; as, rural bcenc?, delights,

Rustic refers to the character, taste,

&c, of the original inhabitants of the
country, who were generally uncultivated and rude.
Ru'RAL-IST, n. One who leads a rural
&c.

'life.

RugE

(32), n. [Fr., from 0. Fr. rettser,

to turn aside, to shuffle, allied to reArtifice; trick.
Rush, n. [A.-S. risce, Lat. ruscmn,
allied to Goth, raus, reed.] 1. A plant
growing in wet ground. 2. A mere trifle. 3. A driving forward with eagerness and haste.
v. i. [-ED -ING.]
[A.-S. hrisrian, to shake, vibrate,
hredsan, to rush, shake, fall down.]
To move or drive forward with impetuosity.
v. t. To push forward
with violence.

fuser, to refuse.]

RfJSH'ER, n. One who rushes.

ROsh'i-ness, n. State of abounding
with rushes.
To Rush'-light (-lit), n. A rush can-

rious senses of the word. 2. To pursue in thought. 3. To thrust. 4. To

drive or force. 5. To shape to cast.
;

To mark out to determine. 7.

8. To hazard
dle, or its light
to venture.
hence, a small, feeble light.
[of, rushes.
n. 1. Act of running.
2. That
which runs; also, rate of running; Rush'y, a. Abounding with, or made
mode of conduct. 3. State of being RUSK, n. [Prob.fr. L. Ger. rusken, to
6.

smuggle.

current

currency.

A brook

4.

A kind

crackle.]

of light, soft cake

also, a soft, sweetened biscuit.

5. A pressure on a bank for
ROss, or Ryss, n. 1. A Russian. 2.
payment of its notes.
RUN'A-GATE, n. [See RENEGADE.]
Language'of the Russians.
A fugitive a renegade.
[serter. ROs'SET, a. [A dim. from Lat. russus,
Run'a-way, n.
A fugitive; a dered.]
Of a reddish color.
Run'dle, n. [Eng. round.] A round; Rus'set,
)n. An apple of a rusRDs'set-ing.
a step of a ladder.
set color.
Rune n. [A.-S. rftrc, a magical letter, Rus'sian (rHsh'an or ru/shan), a. Pertaining to Russia. 7i. 1. A native of
a mystery.] One of the letters of an
alphabet in use among the Norsemen.
Russia. 2. The language of Russia.
RUNG,?'???/?. & p. p. of King.
n. [Ger. Rust. n.
[A.-S. rust, W. rhwd, prob.
runge,& short, thick piece of iron or
fr. its color, and allied to rud, ruddy .]
wood; Goth, krugga, a rod.] 1. A
1. A rough, reddish coat on the surfloor timber in a ship. 2. One of the
face of iron. 2. That which resem-

creek.

rounds of a ladder.
Ry'Nic, a. Pertaining to the runes of
the ancient Norsemen.
[stream.

bles rust

RUN'LET,

2.

n.
n.

RiJN'NEL,

[Dim. of run.]

[From run.]

AJittle
rivulet

or small brook.

ROn'ner,
racer.

n.
2.

RtJN'NET,

Runt,

n.

n. Same as RENNET.
[D. rund, a bullock, an

Any

or cow.]

rupah,

OQf The gold rupee of Bombay and

is worth about $7.00. The silver

Madras

rupee, nearly $0.50.

RUP'tion,

[Lat. ruptio, fr. rumn.

pere, to break.] Breach
rupture.
[L. Lat. ruptura.]
(53), n.
1. Act of breaking. 2. State of being
;

Breach of peace or conv. t. [-ed

cord. 4. (Med.) Hernia.
-ING.] To break; to bursty

Y, short

3.

To become dull by inaction.

t.
1. To cause to contract rust.
To impair by time and inactivity.

try.

ple

2.
;

1.

v.
2.

[Lat. rusticus, from ru$,

Pertaining to the coun-

Rude

unpolished.

3.

Sim-

artless.

Syn.

n.

See Rural.

An

inhabitant of the country.

rustic

man-

ner.

-ING.] To
V. i. [-ED
dwell in the country.
v. t. To banfroma town or college for a time.
Rus'Tl-eA'TiON, n. Act of rusticating, or state of being nisticated.
Rustic mannersRus-tic'I-ty, n.
rudeness; simplicity.
RtisT'l-LY, adv. In a rusty state.
Rust'i-ness, n. State of being rusty.
RUS'TLE (rus'l), V. i. [-ED -ING.]

RtJS'TI-ATE,

stunted animal.

n. [Hind,

fr.

broken.

Rus'TI-AL-LY, adv. In a
ox

and Per. rupiyah,

Skr. rbpya, silver ,wrought
silver or gold.] A money of account
in the East Indies.

Ru-PEE',

esp., adust-like fungus on

v. i.
the leaves and stalks of grain.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To contract rust.

1. One who runs; a Rus'Tre, a.

One employed to solicit
country.]

custom, as for a steamboat, &c. 3. A

slender branch running along the
ground. 4. One of the curved pieces
on which a sled slides.

RUPT'URE

story,
known authority for the
2. A story well author-

n. [Lat.] 1.

An

n.

Uum'mage,

[-ED -ING. J
thoroughly.

To report by

[-ejd:-ing.]

t.

Ry'RAL,

Report; hearsay; story.

a.
Accordant to rule.
n. [Lat. regula, a ruler,
rule, fr. regere, to lead straight, to
1.
instrument to guide
direct.]
in drawing a straight line. 2. That
which is prescribed as a guirle to

RULE

RUSTLE

372

[Lat. rugosus;
(125),
ruga, a wrinkle.] Full of wriukles.
Ry'IN, n. [Lat. ruina, fr. mere, to fall
with violence.] 1. That which is fallen
down and become worthless esp., in
the pi., remains of a destroyed or
desolate house, city, &c. 2. State
a.

ish

[A.-S. hristlan, to rustle.

TLE.]

Cf.

RAT-

To make a quick succession

of small sounds, like the rubbing of

silk or dry leaves.
n. A noise like
the rubbing of silk a rustling.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TRMJ PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

KUSTY

SACRILEGIOUSNESS

873

[From rut.] 1. LustfuL

ruta,rutta. See ROUTE.] A furrow ROt'ty, a.
fttfST'Y.a. [-ER; -est, 142.] 1. Cov2.
Full of ruts.
or trackworn by a wheel.
ered with rust. 2. Impaired by neg[A.-S. ryge, rige, IceL
lect of use. 3. Covered with a sub- Ry/TA-BA'GA, n. A variety of turnip. RYE (ri), n.
rugr ] A hardy plant, closely allied
Ruth, n. [From rue.] Pity; tenderstance resembling rust.
to wheat also, the esculent grain or
Rut, a. [Lat. rugitus, a roaring;
ness.
fruit of this plant.
from the noise made by deer in rut- Ruth'less, a. Cruel pitiless.
In a ruthless Ry'ot, n. [Hind. rcCiyat, a subject,
ting time.] Copulation of animals, RUTH'LESS-LY, adv.

esp., deer.

v.

[-TED; -ting.]

i.

To seek copulation.

n.

[L.

Lat.

manner.

[passion.

Ruth'less-ness,

Want

n.

of com-

tenant.]

A peasant

so

called ia

Hindostau.

s.

the nineteenth letter of the

English alphabet, is a consonant,

(ess),

(^

often called a sibilant, aom

its hissing sound.
See Prin. of
Pron., 90-94.
Sab'a-oth, or Sa-ba'oth, n. pi.
[Heb. stbaotk, pi. of saba, army.] Armies hosts as, Lord of Sabaoth.
Sab'BA-TA'RI-AN, n. [From Sabbath.]

and

is

1. One who regards the seventh day

of the week as holy. 2. A strict oba.
Perserver of the Sabbath.
taining to the Sabbath, or to the
Sabbatarians.
Sab'bath, a. [Heb. shabbath, from

skabatii,

to

rest

from

labor.]

1.

Among

the Jews, the seventh or last

day of the week among Christians,
2. The
the first day of the week.
seventh year, observed among the
Israelites as one of rest and festival.
Sabbath is not
Syx.
Sunday.
strictly synonymous with Sunday. Sab;

bath denotes the institution. Sunday is

the name of the first day of the week.
The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday,
and the Sabbath of the Christians on
Sunday. In New England, the first day
of the week has been called " the Sabbath," to mark it as holy time; Sunday
commonly used in the
is the word
southern parts of our country and in

England.
n.

One who

profanes the Sabbath.

Sab-bat'I,
la. Pertaining to the

SaB-BAT'I-AL,
iJAB'BA-TJSM, n.
1

Sabbath.
[Gr. o-a/S^ario-M-os.
of la-

Sabbath.] Intermis>iou

bor, as on the Sabbath.

Sa'BER, n. [Hung, szablya, Cf. L.
Sa'bre, J Gr. a/36s, ^rooked, curved.]
)

sword with a
broad and neavy
blade, curved to-

ward the

v.

To

sudden check of a horse by twitching

the reins with a sudden pull.

Saccha-rif'er-ous,
charum, sugar, a.nd
Producing sugar.

Sa'HA-rine

a.

ferr e

[Lat. sacto bear.]

[Lat.

saccharum, sugar.] Pertaining to,

or having the qualities of, sugar.
Sa'HA-ROID, a. [Gr o-a.K\ap sugar
and etSos, form.] Having a texture
resembling that of loaf-sugar.
,

Sac'ER-DO'TAL
do talis,

[Lat. sar.er(110), a.
sacer dos, a priest.]
Per-

fr.

taining to priests

Sa'chem.

priestly.

Chief of a tribe of Amera sagamore.

n.

ican Indians

point.

Saber.

Romish and Greek churches have

other

sacraments,

viz.,

five

confirmation,

penance, holy orders, matrimony, and

extreme unction. As sacrament denotes
an oath or vow, the word has been app^l ed by way of emphasis to the Lord's
Supper, where the most sacred vows are
renewed by the Christian in commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving of thanks ; and'

term also has been applied to the

same ordinance, as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's sufferings

and death.
Sac'ra-ment'al, a. 1. Relating to,
or constituting, a sacrament.
2.
Bound by a sacrament.
Sa'ra-ment'al-ly, adv. After the
manner of a sacrament.
Sac'ra-ment'a-ry, a. Pertaining to
the sacraments.

Sa'cred,

[Orig. p. p. of 0.

a.

Eng.

sacre, to consecrate
fr. Lat. sacer,
sacred.]
1. Set apart to religious
use. 2. Relating to religion. 3. Entitled to respect or veneration.
4.
Not to be profaned or violated.
;

Sack,

[A.-S. sacc, sa.cc, Gr.

A bag for holding goods
<j-<xkkos.]
of any kind. 2. [Gr. ca-yos, a coai'se
woolen blanket,
a Celtic word.]
loosely hanging garment for men or
women. 3. [Fr. sec, Lat. siccus, dry.]
A Spanish wine sherry. 4. [From
Lat. saca/s, bag orig. booty packed
n.

1.

Plunder, as of a town or city

ravage. r./. 1. [-ED; -ing.] To
plunder or pillage, as a town. 2. To
put in a sack to bag.
Sack/age, n. Act of taking by storm
;

and pillaging.
SACK'BUT, n. [Sp. sacabuche, fr. sacar, to draw, and buche, stomach,

who blow this instrument draw up their breath with

because they

cloth.

[ders a town.

Holy;

Srx.

consecrated.

Sa'cred-ly, adv.

Religiously. 2.
[of being sacred.
State or quality
SaC'ri-fice (-Hz), v. t. [-ed -L tg.]
[From the n.] 1. To make an offer2. To
ing of to some divinity.
destroy, surrender, or suffer to be
lost,
for the sake of obtaining
1.

Inviolably.

Sa'RED-ness,

n.

something.

v.

To make

i.

offer-

ings for the altar to God, or to a

[Lat sarrificium, from
deity.
n.
sacer, sacred.]
1. The offering of
any thing to God or to a god. 2.

Any thing so offered. 3. Surrender

of any thing made for the sake of
something else
hence, also, the
thing surrendered.
;

Sack'er, n. One who sacks or plun- Sac'ri-fic'er (-llz'er), n. One who

Sack'ful, h. As much as a sack
sacrifices.
[to sacrifice.
the worship
will hold.
SACri-fi'cial (-fTsh'al), a. Relating
n. A wor- Sack'ing, n. 1. Cloth of which sacks SAC'RI-LEGE, n.
[Lat. sacrileginm,

strike, cut, or kill

saber.

the term sacrament to baptism and the

Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The

this

(-rih or -r!n), a.

great force, as it were from the stomach.] A brass wind instrument, like
a trumpet.
Sack'cloth, n. A kind of coarse

[-ED;

t.

-ING.]

up.]

Sab'bath break'er,

See

a.
lines crossing.
Of the color of
the sable's fur black.
n.
bag or receptacle for a
liquid.
See SACK.
SA-ADE', n. [Fr., fr. 0. Fr. saquer,
sachier, to remove, to draw out.]

Sac,

with a

Ga'bi-AN, a. Relating to
of the heavenly bodies.
shiper of the heavenly bodies.
Ga'bi-an-Ism, n. A kind of idolatry
which consisted in worshiping the

sun, moon, and stars.

Sa'ble

[Ger. zobel, Russ.

(-bl), 11.
sobolj.]
1. A carnivorous animal cf
the weazel familv. 2. The fur of
repthe sable. 3. (Her.) Black;
resented by vertical and horizontal

OR, DO,

are made. 2. Canvas fastened to a

bedstead for supporting the bed.
A posset made of
n.
sack, milk, &c.

Sack'-pos'set,

Sac'ra-ment,
tum,

a.n

n.

[Lat.

oath, a mystery,

sacred.]

sacramenfr.

sacer,

solemn religious ordi-

nance.

Syx Eucharist Protestants apply

WOLF, TOOjTOCIiJ URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

C,G,

soft;

from sacrilegus, prop, gathering or

picking

up

sacred

things.]

The

crime of violating or profaning sacred things.

SaCri-LE'GIC-Os,
things

profane

a. Violating

impious.

sacred
[rileire.

SAC'RI-LE'GIOfJS-LY^rfv. With sacSac'ri-le'gious-ness, n.

Quality
of being sacrilegious.

,H,hard; As; EXIST; N as NG

THIS.

SACRILEGIST

SALIFY

374

SAe'RI-LE'GlST,?!. One guilty of sac-

A bulbous

plant, having yellow flow-

sacred.]

1.

holy or godly person

Deep yellow.
ers.
a.
2. One of the blessed in heaven.
3
SAG, V. i. [-GED -GING.] [Cf. SINK
One canonized by the church.
fr.
and Swag.] To bend under weight
Saint Vitus's dance, a disease affecting
the voluntary muscles with constant,
the church who has the care of its
to give way
to yield.
irregular movements.
utensils or movables a sexton.
SA'GA, n. [See SAY.] A northern
To make a
SACris-ty, n. An apartment in a
European popular tale of olden time.
y. t. [-ED -ING.]
saint of; to canonize.
church where the sacred utensils, SA-GA'CIoDs, a. [Lat. sagax, sagaSAINT'ED,
a.
Sacred; holy; pious.
vestments, &c, are kept vestry.
cis.]
Of keen penetration and judgSaint'ly, a. [-er -EST, 142.] Like,
tjAD, a. [-der; -dest.] [A.-S. sari,
ment.
or becoming, a saint.
Syn. See Shrewd.
1.
satisfied, sated, weary, sick.]
Character or qualiGrave
dark
said of colors. 2. Sa-ga'cio&s-LY, adv. In a sagacious Saint'skip, ii.
rilege.

Sac'ris-TAN,

n. [L. Lat. sacrist anus

Lat. sacer, sacred.] An officer of

Serious.

3.

Affected with grief.

Causing sorrow.

Sad'djen,

v.

Naughty

5.

1-ed; -ing.]

t.

make sad or sorrowful.

bAD'DLE (-dl), n. [A.-S.

4.

troub-

To

manner.
Sa-GA'cioOs-ness, n. Sagacity.
Sa-gac'i-ty, n. Quality of being

sariul, saril,

the root of Eng. sit.] 1. A seat

for a horse's back, for the rider to sit
on. 2. Something resembling a saddle in form, use, or the like.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To put a saddle
fr.

sa-

gacious.

Syn.

Penetration.
Penetration
enables us to enter into the depths of an
abstruse subject, to detect motives,
plans, &c. Suijacity adds to penetration
a keen, practical judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of
others, and to turn every thing to the
best possible advantage.

2.

SAGE,

Sad'DLE-BOW,

The bow

n.

in front

of a saddle, or the pieces which form

the front.

Sad'dler, n. One who makes saddles.

Sad'dler-y, n. A saddler's materials
or trade.

Sad'dle-tree,

The frame of a

n.

saddle.

Sad'du-cee

[From

(sad'yyj-see), n.

[Lat. salvia, fr. salvare, to

wise
save.] 1.
savory plant. 2.
[FromLat.
man.
a. [-EU ;-est.]
sapere, to be wise.]
1. Having 7iice
n.

discernment and powers of judging.

2. Proceeding from wisdom.
Sage'ly, adv. In a sage manner.
SAGE'NESS, n. Quality of being sage.
Sag'IT-TAL, a. [Lat. sagitta, an arRelating to, or like, an arrow.

row.]

ket,

[salable.
ii.

State of b.eing

[Lat. salax, salads,

from salire, to leap.] Lustful lecherous.
;

Sa-LAC'I-TY,. Lecherousness.
Sal'ad, n. [From Lat. sal, salts, salt.]

Uncooked herbs, dressed with salt,

oil, and eaten as a relish.

vinegar, or

Sa-L'aM', n.

[At. salam, peace, safety.]

A salutation of ceremony or respect in the East.
SXl'A-mXn'DER (110), n. [Gr. <ra\afjidvSpa, Skr. salamandala.] A genus
of reptiles allied both to the lizards

and frogs.
[Lat.,
an
Sadok, the founder of the sect.] Sag'it-ta'ri-Cs, n.
archer; sagitta, an arrow.]
One of
t33* The belief that the salamander
One of a sect among the ancient
able to endure fire, is a mistake.
the twelve signs of the zodiac.
Jews, who denied the resurrection.
Pertaining to, or SXl'A-mXn'drine, a. Resembling
Sad'du-cism, n. Tenets of the Sad- Sag'it-ta-ry, a.
resembling, an arrow, [arrow-head.
SXG'it-tate, a.
Shaped like an
Sad'LY, adv. Jn a sad manner dark- SA'GO, n. [Malay. & Javanese sagu.]
ducees.

Sad'-Pron

(-l/firn), n.

flat iron.
;

ly

gloomily

Sad'ness,

n.

sorrowfully.
State or quality of be-

ing sad.
Syn. See Grief.
Safe, a. [-er; -est.] [Lat. salvus.]
Free from harm or risk. 2. Con..
ferring safety. 3. in secure custody.
_ n. A place to keep things sate.

SaFE'-CON'UUCT,
gives a safe

That which
passage, as a convoy or
n.

_pass.

Safe'GUARD,

n. That which defends

or protects, as a guard or a passport.
n.
Preservation
from injury or from escape.
Safe'ly, adv.' 1. In a safe manner.
2. Without injury.
Safe'ness, n. Condition or quality
_of being safe
safety.
Safe'ty, n. 1. Exemption from hurt,
injury, or loss. 2. Quality of making safe or secure. 3. Close custody.

Safe'-keep'ING,

Safe'ty-lamp,

n.

granulated starch, prepared from

the pith of certain palms.
(sed), a.
Before mentioned;
used chiefly in legal style.

Said

Sail, n.

[A.-S. segel, segl.]

SAIL.; A sailing vessel a craft.

excursion on the water.
v. i.
[-ED: -ING.] 1. To move with sails,
as a ship. 2. To be conveyed in a
vessel. 3. To begin a voyage. 4. To
move smoothly through the air.
v.
t.
1. To move upon in a ship with
sails.
2. To direct the motion of, as
(pi.

3.

An

is

salamander enduring fire.

Sal'A-ry, n.
[Lat. salarium, orig.
salt money, from sal, salt.]
Recompense stipulated to be paid to a person for services.
v. t. [-ED -ING,
To pay a salary to one.
142.]
SALE,). [A.-S. sellan.' to sell.] 1. Act
of selli. g transfer of property for a
price in money.
2. Demand; mar;

ket.

Syn.
Sales by auction; sales at auction.
In America the more prevalent
expression has been " sales at auction,"
as if referring to the place where tliey are
made. In England the form has always
been " sales by auction."
SXl'e-RA'TUS, n. [N. Lat sal aern-

aerated salt.] A bi-carbonate

of potash, used in cookery.
tus,

lit.

a vessel.
Sales'man (150), v. One who sells
Saii/a-ble, a. Admitting of being
goods or merchandise.
passed by ships navigable.
Sale'work (-wiirk), n. Work or
Canvas for sails.
Saii/-l6th, 11
things made for sale.
Sail/er, n. A ship or other vessel.
Sal'ig, a. [From the Saltan Franks.]
Sail/ing, n. 1. Act of a person or
Designating a law by which males
;

thing that

made,
Sail'or,
Syn.

2.

sails.

A lamp surround- Sail'-l6ft,

ed with a wire gauze, to give light in

mines, without danger.
ISZfe'ty-valve.w. A valve by which
a steam-boiler is preserved from

1.

sheet of canvas, spread to the wind,

to assist the progress of a vessel. 2.

n.
[Lat.
See Halt.] Salt
a word used in chemistry, &c.
Sal'A-BLE, a. [From sale.] Capable
of being sold finding a ready mar-

Sal'A-BLE-NESS,
Sachem.] The SA-la'cious, a.

horseback ._

Sal,

To burden to encumber. SXg'a-more, n. [Cf.

head of a tribe, among the AmeriSad'dle-B/AGS, n. pi. Bags, united
can Indians.
by straps, for transportation on
upon.

of a saint.
n.
[A.-S. sacu, sac, strife, suit
law,
at
fr. sacan, to contend, accuse,
allied to seek.]
Final cause; purpose account regard.
ties

Sake,

ii.

Navigation.

loft

where

only can inherit the throne.

sails are
[sels.

ii.

One who navigates

Mariner;

ves-

seaman.

Sa'LI-ENT,
1.

a.

Moving by

[Lat. saliens, leaping.]

leaps. 2. Shooting out

or up. 3. Prominent conspicuous.

4. Projecting outwardly, as an angle.
;

Sail'-yard, n. The yard or spar on Sa-lif'er-oOs. a. [Lat. sal, salt, and

bursting.
Producing salt.
which sails are extended.
ferre, to bear.]
Saf'flow-er, n. [From saffron and Sain'FOIN, n. [Fr., fr. sain, whole- SXl'i-FI'A-BLE, a. Capable of comA plant, the flowers of
flower.]
bining with an acid to form a salt.
some, and foin, hay.] A kind of
which are used as a

Saf'FRON,
K, E,

i,

n.

[A.r.

dye-stuff.

&

o,v,,y, long;

Per. zaYaran.]

jL&I,

leguminous plant.
Saint, n. [Fr. saint, Lat. sanctus,

6,tS,,short;

Sal'i-fi-CA'TION, n- Act of salifying.

Sal'iwfy,^.*. [-ed; -ing, 142.] [Lat.

CARE, far. ask, all, what; ERE, VglL, TERM; PIQUE, firm; son

SALINE

SANCTION

373
A

sal, salt, and facere, to make.]

To Sa lt'-cel'LAR, n.
form into a salt, as a base, by comsalt at table

bining

withan

it

acid.

Sa-line', or SA'LlNE,a. [Lat. salinus ; sal, salt.] 1. Consisting of, or

containing, salt. 2. Partaking of the

qualities of salt.
n. A salt spring.
Sa-li'VA, n. [Lat.] The liquid secreted

in the

mouth

Da-LI'VAL,
Al'I-VA-RY,

spittle.

a.

Pertaining to saliva secreting or con;

or

small dish for

[made.

Ger. salba.] An adhesive composition to be applied to sores.

v. t.

A place where salt is -[-ED; -ING.] To apply salve to.

A St. Andrew's cross, Sal'ver, n. [Lat. salvare, to save.]
n.
A waiter on which any thing is precross in the form of an X.

Salt'ern,
Sal'tier,

n.

Sal'ti-grAde, a.
leap, and gradi,

[Lat.

Salt'-junk,

saltus,

salt.

Ilard salt beef for

n.

sented.

Having Sal'vo, n. ; pi. sal'vos.

jure, an expression used

to walk.]

formed for leaping.

SALT'ISH, a. Somewhat
legs

rights.]
1.
tion.
2.

[Lat. salvo

in reserving
exception reservadischarge of fire-arms

An

not intended for a salute.

use at sea.

Salt'ness, n. 1. Quality of being Sam'bo, n. ; pi. sam'bos. Offspring

veyingsaliva.
of a black person and a mulatto.
salt.
2. Taste of salt.
SXl'I-vate, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
[A.-S.]
1. Identical.
2.
produce an abnormal secretion of SAET-PE'TER, \n. [N. Lat. salpetrx, Same, a.
Salt-pe'tre,
Of like kind corresponding simisaliva, as by the use of mercury.
i. e., rock-salt, belar.
cause it exudes from rocks or walls.]
3. Just, or just about to be,
Sal/i-va'tion, n. A continued un;

Nitrate

natural flow of saliva.

Sal'low,

[A.-S. salig, sealk.]

n.

of potassa

called

also

niter.

mentioned.

Same'ness, n.
same identity

I. State of being the

similarity. 2. Tedi-

tx'ee

Salt'-RHEUM

lowisji color.

ous monotony.
popular name.
Sa'mi-el, n.
[Turk, sam-yeli, from
SA-LU'BRI-otJS, a. [Lat. salubris, or
Ar. samm, poison, and Turk, yel,
saluber, fr. salus, health.] Favorable
wind.] A hot and destructive wind
to, or promoting, health.
in Arabia, from the desert the si-

or low shrub of the willow kind.

[-er;-est.] [A.-S. salu, 0.
H. Ger. salo.] Of a pale, sickly, yel-

a.

[paleness.

Sal'low-ness,

A sickly

n.

yellowish

(-njm), n.
herpes, or" skin disease

SAL'LY, v. i. [-ED; -ing, 142.] [From

Sa-lu'bri-ty,
Lat. salire, to leap.] To rush out

n. 1.
to issue suddenly, as troops.
2. An issuing of
leaping forth.
troops from a place besieged to attack
the besiegers. 3. Digression deviation. 4. A flight of fancy, liveliness,
or wit, &c. 5. Frolic escapade.
Sal'LY-PORT, n. A postern gate, or
a passage under ground, to afford
free egress for troops.
Sal'ma-gun'di, n. [From Lat. salgama condita lit. preserved pickles
or fr. the Countess Salmagondi, who
invented it.] 1. A mixture of chopped
meat and pickled herring with oil,
vinegar, pepper, &c. 2. A medley.

SALM'ON

(sam'un), n. [Lat. salmo,

salmonis.] A fish of a yellowish-red
color, of northern climates.
Salm'on-trout (sam'un-), n. A
small fish resembling the common
salmon.
Salon (sa/long'),n. [Fr.] An apartment for company hence, in the
plural, fashionable parties.
;

Sa-loon',

n. [Fr. salon, fr. 0.

H. Ger.

house, hall.]
A spacious and
elegant apartment for company, or
applied also to
for works of art
apartments for specific public uses.
SXl'SI-F? n. [Fr. salsifis.] A plant
having a long, tapering root, like the
[soda
parsnip.
SXl/-so'da, n. Impure carbonate of
SALT (8), n. [A.-S. sealt, salt, Lat. sal,
Gr. aAs.] 1. Chloride of sodium, a
substance used for seasoning food,
&c. 2. Flavor taste seasoning. 3.
5a/,

Piquancv

wit. 4.
[Colloq.]

salt-cellar.

5.

(Chem.) A
combination of an acid with a base.
-est.]
Prepared
with,
a. [-ER
[-ED;
v. t.
or tasting of, salt.

sailor"

6.

-ING.] To sprinkle, impregnate, or

season with salt.
Sal'tant, a. [Lat. saltans, dancing,
dancing.
fr. salire, to leap.] Leaping
;

Sal-ta'tion,

[Lat. saltatio.} 1.
leaping or jumping. 2. Palpitation.

Sal'ta-to-ry
dancing

or,

(50),

a.

Leaping or

used in leaping or dancing.

kind of
vague

[being salutary.
Quality of
n.

Sal'u-ta-ri-ness,
Sal/U-TA-RY, a. [Lat.

moom.
Samp, n. [Mass. Ind. sapac, saupac,
made soft or thinned.] Maize broken

fr.
and cooked by boiling.
Promoting Sam'phIre (sam'flr or sam'fur), n.
[Fr. Pherbe de Saint Pierre, fr. which
the English word is corrupted.] A
fleshy herb which grows on rocks

salutaris,

salus, health, safety.]

1.

Contributing to some
beneficial purpose.
Sal'u-ta'tion, n. 1. Act of saluting
or greeting.
2. That which is uttered in saluting or greeting.
Syx. Greeting; salute.
A greeting
usually denotes some warm expression
of feeling when one meets another. Sal2.

utation

Wholesomeness

n.

healthfulness.

health.

and

salute signify literally a

wishing of health. Salutation, however,
is the act of the person saluting, while
salute is the thing given; that is, the

near the sea-shore.

Sam'PLE.w. [See FIxample.] Apart

shown as evidence of the quality of
[work patterns-

the whole.

Sam'pler, n. A collection of needleSan'A-ble, a. [Lat. sanabilis, from

sanare, to make sound, to heal.] Capable of being cured.

thing received by the person addressed.

San'A-tive, a. [Lat. sanare, to heal.]

student of
Having the power to cure or heal

Sa-LU'TA-TO'ri-AN, n. A
a college who pronounces a saluta-

Containing
salutations speaking a welcome.
n.
The opening oration at the commencement of a college. [Amer.]
Sa-lute', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
saluiare, from salus, health, safety.]
1. To address with expressions of
kind wishes. 2. To greet with a kiss,
or with a wave of the hand. 3. To
honor, as some person or nation, by
a discharge of cannon, or by striking
colors, &c.
n. 1. Act of saluting
(50), a.

salutation
greeting. 2. A kiss. 3.
A discharge of cannon, or a lowering
of colors, in honor of some person or
occasion.
Sal'VA-BLE, a. [Lat. salvare, to save,
from salvus, safe.] Capable of being
saved.
SXl'VAGE, n. [From Lat. salvare, to
;

I. Compensation allowed to
persons who voluntarily assist in
saving a ship or her cargo. 2. Property thus saved.
Sal-va'tion (110), n. 1. Act of saving preservation.
2. (Tlieol.) Redemption of man from sin and eternal death.

save.]

Sal'va-to-ry,

n.

place

where

things are preserved.

Salve

do,wolf,too,TOOE.; urn, rue, pull

(siiv),

E,

I,

n.

[A.-S. seal/, O.

o, silent

curative.

SlN'A-TO-RY,a. Conducive to health

[Amer.]

tory oration.

Sa-liI'ta-to-ry

H.

c, G, soft;

healing

curative.

Sang'ti-fi-A't[ON,

n.

Act of

1.

sanctifying; state of being sancti2. Consecration.

fied.

SXng'TI-FPER,
fies

One who

specifically,
v. t.

sancti-

the Holy Spirit.

[-edging,

Sanc'ti-fy,

142.]
[Lat. sanctificare, fr. sanctus, holy,
facere, to make.]
1. To make
sacred to hallow. 2. To make holy

and

or free from sin. 3. To secure from

violation to give sanction to.
;

Sang'ti-mo'ni-ous, a.
Making a
show of sanctity hypocritically de;

vout.

SANG'TI-MO'NI-OUS-LY, adv.
sanctimonious manner.
SaNG'TI-MO'NI-OUS-NESS, n.

In a
State

of being sanctimonious.

Sang'ti-MO-ny (50), a. [Lat. sanctimonia ; sanctus, holy.]

Artificial
saintliness

hypocritical devoutness.

Sang'TION,

[Lat. sanc.tio, fr. sann.

sanctum, to render sacred, to
fix unalterably.]
1. Ceremonious
ratification.
2. Any thing done or
cire,

said to enforce the will or authority

of another.

Syn.

v.

Ratification

t.

lidity or

authority.

[-ED; -ING.]
authority to.

To

give va-

e,G,hard; An; exist; n as ng; this

SANCTITY
SXN"h-ty,

n.

sanctus, holy.]
of being sacred.

1.

2.

State or quality
Religious bind-

ing force.

SXNT'U-A-RY,
from sanctus,
place.

2.

tection

n. [Lat. sanctuarium,
sacred.] 1.
sacred

A place

of refuge

and

pro-

shelter.
SAn'TUM, n. [Lat., p. p. of sancire,
to consecrate*]
sacred place
hence, a retreat for privacy.
GXnd, n. [A.-S.] 1. Fine particles of
stone. 2. pi. Tracts of land consisting of sand.
v. t.
[-ED; -1NG.]

To sprinkle with sand.

SXn'hal, n.
[Gr.
<ravodkiov.]

1.

low fragrant wood of an Eastern

tree.

sandaracha,

n. [Lat.

Gr. a-a.vSa.p6.xri.]
Realgar.

kind of resin.

1-

2.

SXnd'I-ness, n. State of being sandy.

San'di-ver, n. [Corrupted fr. Fr. sel

de verre, salt of glass.]

scum, from melted

fine gritty substance.

one side with a

Sand'stone,
sand more or

whitish

glass.

Paper covered on

SXnd'-pa'per, n

n.

Two

pieces of bread
and butter, with a thin slice of meat
a favorite dish of
between them
v. t. [-ED
the earl of Sandwich.
;

To make

into a sandwich
to form of alternating layers of different nature.
1. Consisting of, or like,
SXnd'y, a.
sand full of sand. 2. Of a yellowish red color like sand.
Sane, a. [Lat. sanys.] In one's right
mind of sound reason.
SXng, imp. of Sing.
SXn/GA-REE', n.
[Sp. sanzria, from
sangre, Lat. sanguis, blood.] Wine

-ING.]

and water sweetened and

Sang-fk oid

spiced.
(song-frwa'), n.
[Fr.,

cold-blood.] Freedom from agitation

of mind coolness.
San-guif'er-ous, a. [Lat. sanguis,
blood, &nd ferre, to bear.] Conveying
;

blood.

SXn/gui-fi-CA'tion. n.
of the
blood.

Conversion
products of digestion into

SXn'gui-fy,

v.

?'.

[-ED

-ING, 142.]

Same

SAN'SRIT, n

as

(song'ku-lOf), n.
[Fr., without breeches.]
A ragged
fellow;
a name of reproach given
in the first Fr. revolution to a member of the extreme republican party.
SAN'SKRIT, n.
[Skr. sanskrila, lit.
perfect, polished, or classical.]
The
ancient language of the Hindoos.
Sap,??, 1. [A.-S.'sap.] Juice of plants
of any kind.
2. An approach made
to a fortified place by secret digging.
v.t. [-PED; -ping.] [Fr. saper.]

undermine.

to

v.

To

i.

proceed by secretly undermining.

a.
[Lat. sapidus. fr. sapere,
savory.
to taste.] Having a relish
Sa-PID'I-TY, ( n.
Quality of being
Sap'id-ness,
sapid; savoriness.

Sap'ID,

Sa/pi-ence, n.
Sa'PI-ent, a.
knowing.]

1.

2. Would-be
Sap'less, a.

"Wisdom

sageness.
[Lat. sapiens, tasting,
;

Having wisdom;

sage.

wise.

Destitute of sap

juicy.

Weak

in intellect.
SXP'SA-GO, n. [Ger. schabzieger, fr.
shaben, to shave, to scrape, and zieger, a sort of whey.]
A kind of
cheese, made in Switzerland.

Sap'-wood,

Exterior part of tho

n.

wood of a tree, next to the bark.

SXR'A-BAND,n. [Per. serbend, a kind
of song.] A grave Spanish dance.
[From Ar. sharki, pi.
ri.
sharkiin, oriental, eastern, fr. sliar-

SXr'a-<;en,
aka, to

An

rise.]

SARCASM,
KageLv,
sneer.]

not

[tree.

[From sap.] A young

Sap'LING,m.
SXP'O-NA'CEOUS, a. [Lat. sapo,saponis, soap.]
Having the quality of
[into soap.
soap soapy ._
SA-PON'I-FI-CA'TION,?!. Conversion
Sa-pon'j-fy, v. t. [-ed; -ing, 142.]
;

bite the lips in rage, to

satirical remark uttered

to

Sar-as'TI,

Bitterly satirical;

a.

tauntiDg.

[Cloth

n.

SXn'guTne,

[Lat. sanguineus, fr.

sanguis, blood.] 1. Having the color
of blood. 2. Having abundance and
active circulation of blood. 3. Warm
n.

ardent.
k, ,

I,

4.

Full of hope

O, U, Y,long;

confident.

A,,I,6,U,Y,

made by Sar-

acens.]
A fine, thin, woven silk.
SAR-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. crep, trap/cos,
flesh, and Aoyos, discourse.]
That
part of anatomy which treats of the
soft parts of the

body.

Sar-coph'A-gous,
SAR-OPH'A-GiJS,

a.

[flesh.

Feeding on

[Gr. <rapKO(pdyos, eating flesh.] 1. A kind of limestone

so called by the Greeks, because it quickly consumed bodies deposited in it. 2. A stone coffin.
Sar-c6ph'a-gy, n. Practice of eatn.

ing flesh.

Sar'dine, n. [So called from the island of Sardinia.] A Mediterranean

fish,

of the herring family.

Sar -don'io,

a.
[Gr. o-apoovios, from
a-apoovtov, a plant of Sardinia, which
was said to screw up the face of the
eater.]
Forced, heartless, or bitter ;
said of a laugh or smile.
Sar'do-nyx, n. [Gr. <rapS6w, from

SapSios, Sardian, or 2apSo>as, Sardinian, and owf a nail, a veined

reddish-yellow gem, nearly
,

gem.]

allied to

onyx.

Sar-gas'so,

The

weed.]

n.
[Sp. sargazo, seafloating sea-weed of the

Attended
Eager to

manner.
In a sar-

[castic

Sarce'NET,

North Atlantic.
[Sp. zarzapar[Lat. sapo, saponis,fio&p, and facere, SXr'SA-PA-ril/la, n.
rilla, from zarza, a bramble, and
to make.]
To convert into soap.
A Mexican plant,
parrilla, a vine.]
SA'POR, n. [Lat.] Taste savor.
whose root is valued in medicine.
[Lat. sapor, taste,
SXP'O-rIf'IC, a.
and facere, to make.] Having the Sash, n. 1. An ornamental belt. 2.
[L. Lat. cacia, fr. Lat. capsa. a chest,
power to produce taste.
box.] The frame of a window.
SXp'0-ROlJS,a. [Lat. saparus, fr. sapor,
[Lat. saxifraga(?c.
Sas'sa-fras, n.
taste.] Yielding some kind of taste.
herba); saxum, rock, stone, and
Sap'per, n. One who saps, or is employed in working at saps.
franger e, to break.] An aromatic

'

shed blood.

a Mus-

with scorn or contempt.

tree of the laurel

and facere, to Sap'phig (safik), a. 1. Pertainingto
To produce blood.
Sappho, a Grecian poetess. 2. In the Sat, imp. of Sit.
SXn'gui-na-ry, a. [Lat. sanguinadenoting a cer- Sa'tan, n. [Heb.
manner of Sappho
rius. fr. sanguis, blood.] 1.
with much bloodshed. 2.

[Saracens.

Pertaining to the
n. [Gr. crapKao-p.6s,fr. aap-

[Lat. sanguis, blood,

make.]

Arabian

sulman.
SXR'A-CEN'lc.a.

Sar-cXs'TI-AL-LY, adv.

SANSKRIT.

Sans-culotte

To mine

rock m;ide of

less firmly united.

SXnd'wich, ,

n. [Ar. sandal, sanSkr. tshandana.] The yel-

SXn'DA-RA,
San'DA-ragh,

(109),

or quality of being sanguine.

1. Relating to,
SAN-GUlN'E-oOs, a.
or abounding with, blood sanguine.
crimson.
2. Blood-red
SXn'HE-DRIM, n. [Ileb. sanhedrin,
fr. Gr. aavtopiov, from avv, with, together, and eSpa, a seat.] The great
council of the Jews, which had jurisdiction of religious matters.
SI'Ni-Eg, n..
[Lat,]
A thin, serous
fluid at the surface of ulcers.

SXn'i-ty,

SXn'DAL-wood,

SXn'guine-ness

Pertaining to, or designed to stcure,

health hygienic.
[Lat. sanitas, fr. sanus,
n.
sound.]
Quality of being sane
soundness of mind.
S.XNK, imp. of Sink.

kind of shoe consisting of a sole fastened to the foot. 2

Sandals.
An overshoe with
parallel openings across the instep.
adil, fr.

manner.

[-er; -est, 142.]

In a sanguine SXp'py, a.
1.
Abounding with sap juicy succulent.
2. Hence, young; weak.
n.
Condition
3.

Sa'NI-OUS,. 1. Thin and serous. 2. Effusinga thin, serous, reddish matter.

San'I-ta-RY, a. [Lat. saniias, health.]

dim.

adv8a\ov,

SATCHEL

376
SXn'guine-ly, adv.

from

[Lat. sanctitas,

tain kind of verse.

(saf'Tr or saf ur), n.

SXp'PHIRE

[Lat.

A precious
sapphirus, Ar. sqfir.]
stone (usually blue) used in jewelry.
SXp'phir-ine (saf'ur-), a. Made of
sapphire, or like it.
Sap'pi-ness, n. State or quality of
being full of sap.

short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALE,

WHAT

family.

satan, an advere?,ry, from satan, to be adverse.] Tho

grand adversary of man the devil.
Having the quali) a.
Sa-tan'I,
ties of Satan; devSa-tan'I-a:l, J
;

ilish

f
Diabolically.
[Lat. sacellus, dim. of

infernal,

Sa-tan'I-al-LY, adv.

Satch'ee,

n.

sacchus, sack.]

ERE, VIE,

TfiRSIj

little

sack or bag

PIQUE, FIRM

SON


SATE
Sate,

SAWYER

377

v. t. [-id
-ing.] [0. H. Ger.
satian, satton, to satiate, fr. A.-S.
sad, sated.] To satisfy the desire of.
Sate (sat), old imp. of Sit.
Sate'less, a. Insatiable.
;

SAt'U ra-ble,

Admitting of be-

c.

ing saturated.

A man of

person. 2.
tal cruelty.

extreme, bru-

SAT'u-RANT,a. Saturating.
w.
A SAv'AGE-LY, adv. In a savage manner cruelly.
substance which neutralizes the acid
SAv'age-ness, n. State or quality
in the stomach.
of being savage.
SAt'EL-LITE, ft. [Lat. satelles, satel- SAt'u-RATE, v.t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.
lite.]
1. State of being
1. A small planet revolving
saturure, -ratum, fr. satur, full of SAv'age-ry, n.
savage. 2. An act of cruelty.
round another a moon. 2. An
food, sated.] To cause to become
;

obsequious follower.

SAt'el-li'tious

(-ITsh'us), a.

Per-

taining to, or consisting of, satellites.

Sa'TI-ATE

(-shi-,95), v. t. [-ED -ING-.]

[Lat. satiare, -atu?n, from sat, satis,
2.
1. To feed to the full.
To fill to repletion or loathing.
;

enough.]

These
S yn. To satisfy content.
words differ principally in degree. To
content is to make contented, even
though every desire is not gratified. To
;

satisfy;is to appease fully the longings

of desire. To satiate is to till so completely that it is not possible to receive

or enjoy more.

Sa'ti-a'tion

(-shi-), n.

State of be-

ing satiated.

SA-TI'E-TY, n.
satis, enough.]

satietas;

[Lat.

sat,

State of being satiated; fullness of gratification even

beyond desire.
SXt'in, n. [From L. Lat.

made

of cotton warp and

[satin.
woolen filling.
Sat'in-y, a. Like, or composed of,

SAT'IRE

(in Eng. often pron. sat'ur),

n. [Lat. satira, satura,iv. satura, (sc.
lanx), a medley, fr. satur, full of

1.
An invective poem.
Keenness and severity of remark.

food.]

2.

Syn. See Lampoon.

Sa-tir'I,
1. Belonging to,
{ a.
SA-TIR'I-AL,
or conveying, satire.
2. Severe in language.
[manner.
Sa-tiR'I-al-LY, adv. In a satirical
Sat'ir-ist, n. One who writes satire.
SAT'IR-IZE, v. t. [-ed; -ING.] To
censure with keenness or severity.
)

Sat'IS-fAo'TION, n. [Lat. satisfaction]

1. Act of satisfying, or state
Settlement of
a claim, due, or demand, &c. 3.
of being

2.

satisfied.

That which satisfies.

FAt'is-fAc'to-ri-ly, adv. In a satisfactory manner.
SAt is-fa'to-ri-ness, n. Quality
or condition of being satisfactory.
a.
1. Giving satisfaction.
2.
Making amends or
recompense.
SAt'is-fy,v. t. [-ED -ING, 142.] [Lat.

SAt'is-fac'to-ry,

satUfacere,

fr.

sat,

satis,

SAt'URN,

[Lat. Sati'rnus.]
n.
1.
(Myth.) Oue of the oldest and prin2. One of the planets
cipal deities.
of the solar system.
SlT'UR-NA'Ll-A^.pl. [Lat. SeesKpra.] 1. Festival of Saturn. 2.
period or occasion of general excess.
SAt'UR-na'ei-an, a. 1. Relating to

merry.
Sa-TUR'NI-AN, a. Relating to Saturn,
whose reign is called the golden age.
SAT'UR-NiNE,a. 1. Under the influence of the planet Saturn. 2. Hence,
phlegmatic dull grave.
2. Riotously

the Saturnalia.

seta, silk,
orig. seta serica, i. e., silk -hair.]
kind of glossy silk cloth.
SXTa-NET^llO), n.
certain kind

of cloth

completely penetrated or soaked.

n. Act of saturating,
or state of being saturated.
SAt'UR-DAY,. [A.-S. Sdterddg, Sdterndag, Saturn's day.] The seventh
or last day of the week.

SAt'u-ra'tion,

Sa'tyr

/acere, to make.]
1. To gratify
fully the desire of. 2. To comply
with the rightful demands of. 3. To

give assurance to.

Syn. See Satiate.
v.i. 1. To give content. 2.

[Lat. satyrus, Gr.

of a class of

(My tli.) One

lascivious sylvan deities, part man

goat.
Pertaining to satyrs.
a.
SAUCE, n. [Fr. sauce, L. Lat. salsa,
prop, salt-pickle.] A mixture to be
eaten with food to improve its rel-

and part

Sa-TVR'IC,

ish. v.

t.
[-ed; -ing.]
1. To
apply a sauce or a relish to. 2. To
[fellow.
be impudent to. [Lore]
SAUCE'BOX, ft. A saucy, impudent

SAU'CER,
Sauce.]
tea-cup

n.

saucicre.
See
small dish, in which a
[Fr.

is set.

SAU'CI-LY, adv. Impudently.

Sau'CI-ness, n.
Quality of being
"saucy

impertinence.

SAU'CY,

-EST, 142.]

a.

[-ER

fr.

Lat. salsus, salt, sharp.]

sauce,

[Eng.

Transgressing the rules of decoimpudent. 2. Expressive of

rufti
1.

impudence.

Sauer' kraut

(sour'krout),
n.
[Ger., from sauer, soUr, and kraut,
o.bbage.]
Cabbage preserved in
brine and allowed to ferment.
SAUN'TER(sau / ter), v.i. [-ED -ING.]
[From Fr. sainte terre, the holy land,
;

from

idle people

who roved about

asking charity under pretense of

going d la sainte terre, to the holy

To wander about
Syn-. See Loiter.

land.]

enough,

and

(sa/tur), n.

o-a-rvpo?.]

idly.

lizard.]

n.

Any

An ex-

Gr. adfiavov, a linen cloth.]

tensive open plain or meadow.

SAVAiYTis&'Ydng')^. ; pi. savants
(sa/vong')- [Fr. fr. savoir, to know.
,

A man
Save,

of learning.
t.
[-ed; -ing.]

[Lat. salvare, fr. salvus, safe.]

1. To make
safe
to preserve from evil of any
kind. 2. To keep from being spent.
3. To prevent.
v. i. To hinder exv.

prep.

pense.

Except

not includ-

ing.

Save '-ALL, ft. [From save and all.]

Any contrivance intended to prevent
waste or

loss.

n.
One who saves.
[Lat. sabina.]
n.
green tree or shrub.

Sav'er,
SAv'IN,

An

ever-

Avoiding unnecesfrugal. 2. Incurring

no loss.
p. pr., but commonly
called a prep. In favor of excepting.
n.
1. Exception.
2. That
_which is saved.

Sav'ing,;?. a.
sary expenses

1.

Sav'ing-ness,

n.
Frugality.
n. A bank in which
savings are deposited and put to in-

Sav'ings-bAnk,
terest.

SAVIOR

(sav'yur), .
[Lat. salvasalvare, to save.]
or delivers from
destruction or danger. 2. Specifically, Jesus Christ.
Sa'VOR, n. [Lat. sapor, fr. sapere, to
taste, savor.]
1. Quality affecting
the organs of taste or smell. 2.
Specific flavor or quality.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To have a particu2. To indicate
lar smell or taste.
the presence or influence.
Sa'vor-i-ness, n. Quality or condition of being savory.
Sa'vor-less, a. Having no savor.
SA'VOR-Y, a. Pleasing to the taste or
[Lat. satureia.]
smell.
ft.
An
aromatic plant, used in cooking.
SAW, imn, of See. n. [A.-S. sage.
)

tor, fr.
Sav'IOUR
1. Oue who saves
)

Icel. sog.]

cutting.

or

n.
One who saunters.
a.
[Gr. travpa, craupos, a
Pertaining to a saurian.
four-legged scaly reptile, as

the lizard.

Savageness.

Sa-vAn'na, n. [Sp. savana, sabana,

a large plain covered with snow, fr.

toothed instrument for

[sawed sawed,
v. t.
SAWN; SAWING.] [Allied to Lat.
:

secare, to cut.]

Saun'ter-er,
SAU'RI-AN,

SAv'AG-ISIM, n.

To cut or separate
v. i. 1. To use a saw.

with a saw.
2. To cut with a saw.
Saw'du-st, ft. Small fragments of
wood or other material, made b\ i
saw.

"

[timber,

&<!.

[Fr. saucisse.
A mill for sawing
To sup- Sau'sage, ra.
See Saw'-mTll, ft.
ply to the full. 3. To make payment.
"Sauce.] Meat minced and seasoned, SAW'-PlT,ft. A pit over which timSa'TRAP, or SAt'RAP, ft. [Gr. a-arpdber is sawed by two men.
and inclosed in a cylindrical skin.
7rr)?, fr. Per. khshatrapavan, ruler.]
Sav'a-ble, a. Capable of being saved. SAW'-SET,n. An instrument to turn
Governor of a province. [Ancient Say'age, a.
the teeth of a saw a little outward.
[0. Eng. salvage, from
Persia.]
Lat. silva, a wood.] 1. Wild; un- Saw'yer, ft. [From saw, like law8Xt'ra-py, n. Government or jurisyer from law.]
tamed uncivilized. 2. Character1. One who saws
diction of a satrap.
ized by cruelty.
1. A wild
timber.
2.
A tree, fallen into a
ft.
;

or, do,

wolf, too,

Tcfoiij fjRN,

rue, pull

E,i, o, silent

c, G, soft;

,G,nard; ASj EgiST; n as ng; rais

SAXIFRAGE

among

rocks.
[A.-S. Seaxa,
ftXx'o-N (or saks'n), n.
pi. Seaxe, fr. seax, a knife, a dagger.]
1. (a.) One of a German people who conquered England in the
6th and 6th centuries, (b.) A na2. The language of
tive of Saxony.
Pertaining to the
a.
the Saxons.
Saxons, to their country, or to their
[idiom.
language.
Saxon
SXx'ON-iSM (or saks'n-), n.
Say, v. t. [said; saying.] [A.-S.
To utter in
1.
secgan, seggan.]
words; to speak. 2. To repeat; to
recite. 3. To announce as a decision
or opinion hence, to be sure about.

especially

a proverbial expression.

ScXb,

n. [A.-S. scdbb

allied to shave.]

1. An incrustation over a sore.

contagious disease of sheep.

Scab'bard,

2.

n. [Of. I eel. skalpr, scab-

bard.] Case for the blade of a sword,

&c.

a sheath.

ScXb'bed

(60),

a.

Mean
ScXb'bed-ness,
scabs.

2.

Diseased with

1.

paltry.
State of being
n.

ScXb'bi-ness,
scabbed.
J
SAB'BY,ffl. [-ER; -est, 142.] 1. Affected with scabs
2. Diseased with
the scab.
SCA'BI-oDs, a. [Lat. scabiosus; senbus, the scab.] Consisting of scabs.
.

SCA'BROUS,
ber,

a.

[Lat. sr.abrosus

scu-

Rough; rugged.

rough.]

ScXf'fold, n. [L. Lat. escafaldus,

fr. the Romansch catar, to view, and
a scaffold, stage, from 0. II.
Ger. palcho, balco, beam.] A temporary stage or elevated platform,
esp. one for the execution of a criminal. v.t. [-ed; -ing.]
To furnish with a scaffold.
It. falco,

SAF'FOLD-lNG,n.

1.

scaffold. 2.

Materials for scaffolds.

Scagl-io'la

(skal-yo'la), n.
[Tt.
scagliuola, dim. of scagli a, a scale,

An imitation

shell.]

of marble, formed

from gypsum mixed with glue, &c.

Capable of being
ScAL'A-BLE, a.
scaled.

Sca-lade', n. [See Scale, v. t.] An

assault on a besieged place with ladders to

Scald,

mount

v.

warm,

hot.]

liquid.

2.

and

caldus,

burn by some hot

2. [Originally

head

[Lat. excalidus,

1. To burn with hot

To expose to a boiling or

violent heat over a

n.

fire.

liquid, or

1.

by steam.

Scurf on the

scall.]

scab.
Scald, n. [Tcel. sk&M, Ger. skalde,
allied toO. H. Ger. scellan, to sound.]
A reciter of heroic poems, among the
;

Norsemen.

Scald'-head,

n.

pustular erup-

tion of the hairy scalp.

&..

E,

I,

V, Y, long; A,E,

ScXLD'IC,

I,

SCARIFICATION

Pertaining to the scalds

or poets of antiquity.
SCALE, n. 1. [A.-S. scalu, scealu. dish
of a balance, balance.] The dish of
a balance hence, in the pi., the bala.

2. [A.-S. scealu, scalu,

ance itself.
a shell, parings.]
One of the small
pieces which form the covering of

many

and

fishes

reptiles.

Any

3.

layer or leaf. 4. [Lat. scalx,

A ladder. &. Any thing
graduated, esp. when employed as a
measure or rule in music, the gamut.
v.t.
6. Gradation.
1. [-ED
-ING.]
To climb by a ladder, or as
2. To strip of scales.
if by a ladder.
3. To take off in scales.
v. i.
To
come off in thin layers.
Sca-lene', a. [Gr. o-KaA-rjvos.] Having the sides and angles unequal
said of a triangle.
Sca'LI-NESS, n. State of being scaly.
Scall,i.
[See Scald and Scale.]
Scab scabbiness
leprosy.
Scall'ion (-yun), n. [Lat. csepa Ascalonia, fr. Ascalon, a town in Palestine.]
A plant allied to the onion.
SCAL'LOP (skol'lup), n. [See ESCA-

thin

scala.]

LOP.] 1. A marine shell-fish. 2. A

curving of the edge of any thing. 3.
A dish for baking oysters in. v.t.
[-ED; -ING.]
To mark or cut the
edge of into segments of circles.

Scal/loped

(skol'lupt), a.
scallop.

Made

or

done with or in a

ScALP,

Skin of the top cf the head

torn off. with the hair belonging to
it, by Indian warriors, ;s a token of
[-ed; -ing.]
To
victory, v.t.
deprive of the scalp.
SCAL'PEL, n. [Lat. scalpellum. See
supra.] A knife used in surgical opcarve.]

rough.

a. 1. Abounding with scales

2. Resembling scales.

ScXM'BLE,

Scant,
adj.]
ly.

a.
p.

t.
[-ed -ing.] [From the
To limit to treat illiberalTo make small, or scanty.

v.

V. I.
[-ED -ING.] [0.
Fr. escamper, to escape, to save one's
self.]
To run with speed.
[-ned; -ning.] [Lat.
Scan, v. t.
scandere, to climb, to scan.] 1. To
go through with, as a. verse, distin;

feet of

which

it is

com-

To

scrutinize.
[Gr. a-KavSaXov, stick
or spring in a trap, snare, offense,
2.
scandal.] 1. Imputed disgrace.
Defamatory speech or report.
2.

ScXN'DAL,

n.

SCAN'DAL-IZE, v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1.

To give offense to. 2. To reproach
;

to defame.
1. Calling out condemnation.
2. Bringing shame or
infamy. 3. Defamatory.
Scan'dal-OUS-ly, adv. Shamefully.
Scan'DENT, a. [Lat. scandens, climbing.]
Climbing, as a plant.

ScXN'DAL-ot5s,a.

6, U, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

[-ER
-EST.] [A.-S. seamed,
of snevan, to break, wound,
;

p.

destroy.]

Scarcely sufficient.

[ner.

Scant'I-ly. adv.
In a scanty manScXnt'i-ness,. Want of sufficiency.

SCANT'LING,

[Fr. cchantillon, a
n.
sample, from cantel, ckanlel, corner,
side] A piece of timber sawed or
cut of a small size.
Scant'LY, adv. Not fully or suffi-

ciently,

[scant.

Scant'ness, n.
Quality of being
Scant'y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142]. [From
scant.] 1. Wanting extent. 2. Hardly
sufficient.

3.

Sparing

niggardly.

Scape,

v. t. or i.
To escape.
n.
[Gr. cr/caTros. 0-ktJ7tos.]
peduncle
rising Iron) the ground or a subter-

ranean stem.
n. A goat upon whose
head were symbolically placed the
of the people, after which he
was suffered to escape into the wil-

Scape'-goat,
sins

[brained fellow.

derness,

SCAPE '-GRACE, n. A graceless, hairSCAPE'MENT, n. See ESCAPEMENT.

SAP'U-LA, n.; pi. SAP'V-LJE.
The shoulder-blade.

Scap'u-LAR,

a.

Pertaining to the

scapula.
n. A part of the habit
of certain religious orders in the Ro-

Scap'U-la-ry,

man

Catholic church.

Scar,

[Dan. skaar, a cut, noteh,

n.
slash, fr. skare, skiare, to cut.] Mark
of a healed wound acicatrix.
v. t.

To mark with a

-RING.]

scar.

ScXMP'ER,

1.
2.

-ING.] [0. D.
V. i. [-ED
sc.hampelen, to deviate, to slip.] To
stir quick to be busy.
ScXM'BLER, n. One who scambles.
ScXM'MO-NY, 11. [Gr. aKatxnuvio..] A
certain plant and its inspissated sap.
SCAMP, n. [See infra.] A great rascal a scoundrel.

posed.

n. [Lat. scansio, fr. seandere, to climb.] The act of scanning.

a. Climbing, or adapted to climbing.

Scan-SO'ri-al,

[-red;

erations.

Sca'ly,

ScXn'SION,

[Lat.]

[Cf. Lat. scalpere, to cut,

n.

guishing the

the walls.

[-ed; -rN&.]

t.

caldare; ex,

ot

stream, and rocking above and below the surface of the water, like
the motion of a saw. [Amer.]
SXx'I-FRAGE, n.
[Lat. saxifraga;
saxum, rock, und fratig ere, to break.]
A plant growing naturally on or

n. Something said.
_
Say'ing,w. An expression

Scarce,

a.
[-er ; -est.]
[0. Fr.
escars, eschars, fr. Low Lat. scarpvs,
excarpsus, for Lat. exctrptus, picked

Not

out, contracted.]

plentiful or

abundant.
adv.
Scarce,
With difficulty
Scarce'ly,) hardly barely.
ScXr^e'ness, n. 1. Condition of
)

Scar'ci-ty,

being scarce; defect of plenty.

2. Infrequency.
Scare (4), v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Icel.
skirra, to drive away.]
To terrify
suddenly; to make afraid.
Any thing set up
'M are 'crow, n.
to frighten crows or other fowls from
cornfields
hence, a vain terror.
Scarf, n. 1. [A.-S. scearf, a fragment,
and hence, a strip cut off.] A light
cloth, worn loosely over the shoulders or about the neck. 2. Part cut
away from each of two pieces of tim3.
ber to be joined longitudinal!
v. t. 1. [ED:
The joint so formed.
-ING.] To put on like a scarf. 2. [Ger.
scharben. to notch, indent.] Tocrt
J

a scarf on, as for a joint in timber.

Outer thin integun.

Scarf'skin,

ment of the body

cuticle.

ScXr'i-fi-ca'tion, n.

Operation of

scarifying.

ERE, VEIL, TET*M 3 PIQUE, FIRM

S6N;

SCARIFIER

SCIENTIFICALLY

379

1. One who scari- Scep'tic, n.

SCAR'I-FIOER, n.
See Skeptic ua to- SCHO'Ll-XsT'IC, <?- Pertaining to^
scholiast.
Sceptical, &c, see Skeptical,
fies.
2._ Instrument for scarifying.
ScHd'Li-CJM, n. ;
[-EB; -ING, 142.]
SCAR'I-FY, V. t.
Lat. pi. seHd'&c.
LI-A, Eng. pi. SCHO"LI-i)MS. [N.
in Eng. com[Lat. scarificare, from Gr. axapi^ao- Sched'ule (sked'yul
Lat. scholium, fi\ Gr. o-\6Kiov. See
monly sh&Pyul, 30), n. [Lat. sched0<.a, to scratch up.] 1. To scratch or
School.] 1. A marginal annotacut the skin of. 2. To stir the surula, dim. of scheda, a strip of papyface soil of.
tion.
2. A remark subjoined to a
rus, a leaf of paper, Gr. o-x^Sv, a
demonstration.
Scar'la-t'i'na, n. [N. Lat.] Scarlet
tablet, leaf.]
An official or formal
School (skobl), n. [Lat. schola, from
fever.
See Scarlet Fever.
list or inventory.
ijCAR'LET, n. [L. Lat. scarlatum, Per.
Gr. axoArj, leisure, a school.] 1. An
Syn. Catalogue list. A list is a
|

sakarlat.]

a.

bright orange-red color.

Of a bright orange-red

color.

Scarlet Fever, a contagious febrile disease, characterized by a scarlet rash.

n.
[See Escarp.]
Interior
slope of the ditch nearest the para-

Scarp,

bare record of names, titles, &c.

catalogue is a list arranged according to
some principle, and is usually designed
to describe things more or less particiischediue is a formal list or inlarly.
ventory prepared for legal or business
purposes.

[Gr.
To cut SCHEM'A-TISM (skem'a-), it.
the assuming of a
o-x77hao.tio-ju.6s,
down perpendicularly, or nearly so.

pet.

v.

[-ED;

t.

-ING-.]

shape or posture.] Particular form

Scath, n. [A.-S. scedh, for scaelhL]
or disposition of a thing; outline.
Damage injury.
[-ed -ing-.] To in- SCHEM'A-TIST (skeni'-), n. A schemer.
v. t.
Scath,
Scathe,
jure; to damage; to de- Scheme (skem), n. [Lat. schema, Gr.
Scath'ful, a. Injurious.
[stroy.
crxTJua, form, shape, outline, plan.]
1. A combination of things connected
Scath'less, a. Without damage.
and adjusted by design. 2. A plan
SCAT'TER, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
:

scateran, allied to sce.ddan, to shed.]

2. To cause to
1. To strew about.
separate indifferent directions.
Syjt.

To disperse; dissipate; spread.

v. i.
To be dispersed.
Scat'ter-brain, n.
A giddy

thoughtless person.

&c, in which any thing is imagined

to occur. 5. Spectacle exhibition
view.
6. A striking exhibition of
passionate feeling, or an interview,
&c. often, action done for effect.
1. Paintings repreScen'er-y, n.
senting the scenes of a play.
2.
Combination of natural views.
Syn.
Representation; imagery.
;

SCEN'IC, or Scen'ic,

S^EN'IC-AL

nature

scenery

of.

a.
to,

Relating
or of the

theatrical.

SCEN'O-G-RAPH'IC,
scenography

Pertaining to
a.
dr.uvn in perspective.

SCE-NOG'RA-PHY,

n.
[Gr, <tkt)voscene, stage, and
ypou^etv, to write.] Represen tation of
a body on a perspect ve plane.
ypa<f>ia

o-K.y\vr\,

v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [FromFr.

sentir, to feel, to smell, Lat. sentire.]

Scent,
1.

To

smell.

2.

To imbue with odor

1. Odor;
smell.

n.
to perfume.
Sense of smell.
by the scent.

2.

3.

and plan are

subordinate to design.
Scheme is the
least definite of the two, and lies more in
speculation. A plan is drawn out into
details with a view to being carried into

v.

t.

contrive.

n.
[A.-S. scafen, to
shave, to scrape.]
One who cleans
streets
of
a
city.
the
Scene (seen), n. [Lat. scena, fr. Gr.
'o-Ki7VTj,a covered place, tent, stage.]
2. One of the
1. Stage of a theater.
slides, or other devices, used to give
an appearance of reality to a play. 3.
Portion of a play, subordinate to the
4. Place, time, circumstances,
act.

Chase followed

[-ED; -ING.] To plan; to

To form a plan.
v. i.
n.
One who schemes or

Schem'er,

Schem'ist,

contrives.
J
SCHISM (slzin), n. [Gr. o-xio-fxa., from
to
split.]
Permanent diviso~xieiv,
ion in the Christian church.

SCHI.s-MAT'IC

Relating
tending to
to, or implying, schism
schism.
n.
One guilty of schism.
(siz-, 123), a.

Schist

[Gr. o-xicttos, di-

(shTst), n.
vided, divisible.]

rock having a

slaty structure.

Schtst-ose'
S^hist'ous,

(125),

natural cleav-

age into slabs, or

Admitting of

a.

learned person.
Pupil.
Syx.

A scholar is one who

under instruction: a pupil is one who
under the immediate and personal
hence, a bright
care of an instructor
sc/toZa?"and an obedient jJiipiZ.
is
is

a.

lA -S. sceol, a multitude.]

pact body, as offish.
v. t.

-ING-.}

1.

To

of learning.

A com[-ED

an institution
To chide and ad-

train in
2.

monish,

[a school.

School'-boy, n. A boy who attenas

School'-fel'lSw, n. A companion
at school.

School'-house,

Schooling,
school.

n.

n.

1.

[use of schools.
house for the
Instruction in

Reproof; reprimand.

2.

School'-m>n

3.

One versed

(150), n.

in the school divinity of the middle

ages.
[teaches a school.

School'-mas't^r, n.
School'-mis'tress, n.
who teaches a school.

Schoon'er

A man who
A woman

(skoon'er),

[From scoon, a
word used in some
parts of New England
n.

to denote the act of

making

stones

.skip

along the surface of

the water. Cf. A.-S.
Schooner,
scunian,
to
avoid,
shun.] A small, two-masted vessel,
with fore-and-aft sails.

Schorl

[Ger.

n.

(shorl),

schorl.]

Black tourmaline.
SCI-AT'IC,
In.
[Gr.
lo-xiaSi/cds,
S^I-AT'I-CA,
subject to pains in the
hips and loins
laxiov, hip joint.]
1. Neuralgia of the sciatic, nerve. 2.
A rheumatic affection of the hip
joint.
a.
Pertaiuing to the hip.
j

slates.

Schol'ar (skol'ar), n [See School.]

l! One who learns of a teacher. 2. A

Schol'ar-ly,

Compensation for instruction.

Plan. Scheme

Syjt.

effect.

or

Scav'en-ger,

(110),

of something to be done.

institution for learning esp. a place

of elementary instruction. 2. A body
sect or denomina3.
tion in philosophy, theology, &c. 4.

of pupils.

Like, or becoming,

a scholar.

SCI'ENCE,

n.

[Lat. scientia, fr. scire,

1. Penetrating and comprehensive information or skill. 2.

Knowledge duly arranged, and referred to general truths and prin-

to know.]

ciples.

Schol'ar-shIp,

n.

1.

Attainments

in science or literature. 2. A foundation for the support of a student.

Scho-las'tic, n. One who adheres
to the method or subtilities of the
schools.
a. [Gr. o-xoAao-TtKOs. See
School.] 1. Pertaining to, or suiting, a scholar or a school. 2. Pertaining to the schoolmen of the middle ages.

Syn.
Literature
art.
Scie?ice denotes a systematic and orderly arrangeof knowledge, and hence we speak
of reducing a subject to a science. In a
;

ment

more distinctive sense, science embraces

those branches of knowledge which give
a positive statement of truth as founded
in the nature of things or established by
observation and experiment. The term
literature sometimes denotes all compositions not embraced under science, but
is

usually confined to the belles-lettres.

Art is that which depends on practice

Scho-lXs'tic-al-LY, adv.
In a
Scent'less, a. Ilaving no scent.
and skill in performance.
scholastic manner.
Soep'ter, In. [Gr. o-Kr\irrpov, a staff
The method ScPEN-Ti'F'IC, a. [Lat. scientia, scito lean upon, a scepter, ScHO-LAS'Ti-ci'gM, n.
Scep'tre,
or the subtiities of the schools of
ence, and fac ere to make.] Agreeing
from o-KrJ7TTei.v, to lean.] 1. A staff
philosophy.
with, or depending on, the rules or
borne by kings, as a badge of auv.t. Sch5'li-ast (sko'lT-), n.
thority.
2. Royal authority.
[Gr. <rx<>principle^ of science.
To invest with royal
[-ED -ING-.]
Atao-rrjs, from o-xo\iov. a scholium.] ScPen-tIf'ic-al-ly, adv.
According to the principles of science.
authority.
A commentator or annotator.
1

OR, DO,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK URN, RUE, PULL

j

E,

J,

O, silent; C, G, soft; , G, fiard;

As 3 E^IST

N,

as

NG; THIS

SCILICET
namely.
Scim'i-ter, n.
wit

short sword with

a recurved point.

den, 0. H. Ger. sceltan.] To chide

v. t. To chide
sharply or coarsely.
also, to rewith rudeness to rate
n. One who
buke with severity.
scolds especially, a rude, clamorous,
foul-mouthed woman a shrew.
Scol'lop, n. See Scallop.

ScjuM'l-TAR,

SCOWL

380

SplL'I-ptiT (sil'i-set).
[Lat. contr.
from scire licet, you may know.] To

SciN'TlL-LANT,
SCIN'TIL-LATE,

sparkling.

V.

i.

[-ED

-ING.]

TLat. scintillare, -latum, fr. scintilla,

1.

sting.
2. A painful scourge.
3.

The eighth sign of

the zodiac.
4. A

[D. sckans, Icel. skans.]

w.

A fort.

A helmet.

2.

3.

The head

1.

sort of spider,

with a very acute j

Sconce,

to

Eng. sharp.]

[Lat. scintillans.]

a.

Emitting sparks

allied

nitav,

also, brains
sense. 4. A fixed hang- Scot, n.
2. To
1. To emit sparks.
ing or projecting candlestick.
tion
a
asthe fixed stars.
land.
^CiN'TIL-la'tion, it. Act of emit- SCOOP, n. [Allied to shove and shovel.]

a spark.]

(sl'o-llzm), n.

1. A large ladle
a vessel for bailing
boats. 2. A spoon-shaped ladle.
3.
basin-like cavity. 4. A sweep a
[-ED -ING.] 1. To
stroke,
v.t.
take out with, or as with a scoop. 2.
To empty by lading. 3. To excavate.
Scoop'-net, .
hand-net, to fish
;

Superficial

science r

SCI'O-LIST

(sFo-list), n. [Lat. sciolus,

dim. of scius, knowing.] One whose
knowledge is superficial a sinatterer.
;

To wound
slight cut

SCIRE-FACIAS

(sT're-fa/shT-as),

n.

[Lat., cause you to know.]

A writ,
founded upon some record, aud re-

quiring the party proceeded against

to show cause why the party bringing it should not have advantage of
such record, or why the record
should not be annulled.

SCOR-BU'TIC, a. [N. Lat. scorbuticus,

H. Ger. scharbock, schorbork, scurvy.]
Relating to,
scurvy.

like,

or affected with,

Scorch,

v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [L. Lat.

excorticare, from Lat. ex. from, and
cortex, corticis, bark.] 1. To burn
superficially
to parch. 2. To affect
;

painfully with heat, or as with heat.

v. i. To be burnt on the surface
to be parched.
as of a gland.
Score,
n. [A.-S. scor, from sceran, to
SctR'RHOUS (skTr'rus), a. Of the nashear, cut.] 1. A notch esp. a mark
ture of scirrhus; indurated; knotty.
made
for the purpose of keeping acSc'ik'RHUS (skir'rus), n. ; Lat. pi.
count. 2. Debt or account of debt.
SIR'RHI, Eng. pi. SClR'RHUS-E.
motive. '4? The number
3. Reason
[Gr. tr/appos, <riapo?.] 1. An indoof twenty. 5. Original draught, or
lent induration of the glands.
2. A
its transcript, of a musical composihard, cancerous growth.
tion, with all the parts.
v. t. [-ED
Scis'sel (61), n.
[See Scissile.]
-ING.] 1. To notch. 2. Especially,
Clippings of metals.
to mark with significant lines or
Scis'sIle (sls'sil). a. [Lat. scissilis, fr.
notches, for keeping account. 3. To
scindere, to cut, split.]
Capable of
to charge.
set down
4. To write
being cut or divided.
down, as music.
ScIs'SION (slzh'un), n.
[Lat. scissio,
from scindere, to cut, split.] Act of S-eo'Ri-A, n. ; pi. So'ri-je. [Gr.
1. Slag
<TKu>pCa, fr. erxcip, dung.]
cutting.
[or shears.
dross.
2. The cellular, slaggy lavas
Scis/s_or, v. t. To cut with scissors
volcano.
of
a
S^is'sORg (siz'zurs), n. pi. [Lat. scissor^cme who cleaves or divides.] A Sco/ri-a'ceous, a. Relating to scoria
like dross.
cutting instrument consisting of two
Sco'ri-form, a. [Lat. scoria, dross,
cutting blades movable on a pin.
and
forma,
form.] Like scoria.
Scis'stJRE (sizh'ynr), n.
scis-

Scir-rhos'1-ty (sklr-ros'i-ty), n. [See

Scirrhus.] A morbid induration,

Scotch'man
Scotland

[Lat.
sura. from scindere, to cut, split.]
longitudinal cut,
[MAN.
Scla-vo'ni-an, a.
n.
See SlavoScle-ROT'ic, a. [Gr. <r/<A.7jp6<r, hard.]
Hard; firm.
n.
The firm, white
outer coat of the eye.
Scobs,, n. sing.
pi. [Lat., fr. scabere,
to scrape.]
1. Raspings of ivory,
metals, &c. 2. Dross of metals.

&

&

v.

i.

[-ED

-ING.]

[Icel.

slcuppa, to laugh at.] To show iusolent ridicule or mockery.

v. t. To
treat with derision or scorn.
n.
Expression of scorn or contempt.

v. t.
(ed; -ing, 142.]
scoria, dross, and facere, to
To reduce to scoria.
Scorn, n. [0. Fr. escorner, to humiliate, outrage, lit., to break off the

Sco'ri-fy,
[Lat.

mak3.]

horns, fr. Lat. ex., from, and cornu,

a horn.] 1. Extreme and passionate contempt.
2. That which is
[-ED: -ING.] To
scorned.
v. t.
hold in extreme contempt.
Syn. See Contems.

I,

(skotcht'-),

(150), n.

native of

a Scot.
;

n.

An

expression pe-

culiar to the Scotch.

Scot'tish,

Pertaining to the
a.
Scotch, or to their country or language.
Scoun'drel, n. [Corrupted fr. Ger.
schandkerl, fr. schande, infamy, and
kcrl, fellow.]
A mean, worthless
fellow
a.
Low base
a rascal.

mean.

[cality.

ScouN'DREL-igM, n. Baseness ras[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.

Scour, v. t.
;

sctir,

a scouring, N. Fr. ccurer, from

and curare, to take care of.]

To rub hard, for the purpose of
cleaning. 2. To purge violently. 3.
To remove by rubbing. 4. To pass
swiftly over.
v. i. 1. To clean any
thing by rubbing. 2. To be purged
to excess.
3. To run with celerity.
Lat. ex
1.

SCOURGE,

[Fr. escourgee, fr. Lat.

n.
excoriata (sc. scutica), from ex and
corium, leather.]
1. A lash; a
strap or cord a whip. 2. A punishment, or a means of inflicting
[-ED
-ING.]
punishment.
v. t.
1. To whip severely.
2. To afflict
;

for sins or faults.

Scout, n. [0. Fr. escovt, spy. fr. Lat.
auscultare, to listen to.]
One sent
out to gain tidings of the movements

and condition of an enemy.

[-ED

-ING.]

to pelt.]

1.

v.

t.

Prov Erg. sroirt,

2. To re-

[Cf.

To spy out.
3. To sneer

at.
v.i.
connoiter.
To act as a scout.
(skou), n. [Ger. schauen, to
look, to see, prob. because it was
A large,
visible by a flag set up.]
flat -bottomed boat.
Scowl, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [H. Ger.
scliielen, to squint.]
1. To wrinkle
the brows, as in frowning or displeasure. 2. To look gloomy, dark,
n. 1. The wrinkor tempestuous.
ling of the brows in frowning. 2.
Gloom dark or rude aspect.

SCOW

SCORN'ER, n. One who scorns.

Scorn'ful, a. Full of scorn or contempt.

Scoff'er,m. One who scoffs.

Sc6rn'ful-LY, adv.
Scoff'ing-ly, adv. With mockery.
manner.
SCOLD, v. i. [-ED;-ING.] [D. schel- Scor'pi-on, n. [Gr.
i, E,

Sot'ti-cIm,

Scot'-free, a. 1. Free from payment untaxed. 2. Unhurt safe.

Scots, a. Scotch Scottish.

n.

Veal cut into small pieces.

n. pi.

superficially.

a shallow incision.

SCOTCH'COL'LOPS,
SCOTCH^D'-COL'LOPS

its

[-ED; -ING.]

tax or contribunative of Scot-

a.
Pertaining to Scotland
inhabitants; Scottish.
v. t.
1. [Cf. Armor. skoaz,
the shoulder, skoazia, to shoulder
up, to prop.] To prevent, as a wheel,
fr. rolling.
2. [Gael, sgoch, to slit.]

or

2.

Scotch,

A
Sci'ON, n. [See CJON ] 1. A shoot of
from a river.
a plant, especially for ingrafting. 2.
ScSPE, n. [Gr. <tkott6s, fr. aKonelv, to
A descendant an heir.
view.] 1. That at which one aims.
Sci-op'tic,
a.
[Gr. ova<, shadow,
2. Amplitude of opportunity
and h-minos, belongfree
S^I-OP'TRIC, J
course. 3. Length extent sweep.
ing to sight.] Pertaining to an optical arrangement for forming images
Syx. Space room intention drift.
in a darkened room.

Ccoff,

fine.

ing sparks, or of twinkling.

A
A

[A.-S.] 1.

sparkle,

SCI'O-LISM

Scorpion.

certain sea-fish.

in a scornful
o-Kopnios, <rnop-

O.U, f,long; A,,I, SD,Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; SO^i

'

;;

SCRABBLE
Scrab'ble

(skrab'bl), v.

ble

[Coiloq.]

to scrawl,

SCRAG, n

[-ED

i.

fr.

scramble.

Gael, scrabach,

rough, rugged.]
Something lean
with roughness
especially, a neck
piece of meat.
SCKAG'GED. a. [-ER; -EST, 142.]
Scrag'gy, j 1. Rough with irregular points. 2. Lean and rough.
;

SRAM'BLE,t.i. [-EDJ-WG.]

[Prov.
Eng. scramb, to rake together with

Scrabble.] 1.
To clamber with hands and knees.
the hands.

Cf.

To struggle with others

thing thrown down.n.

2.

someAct of

for

small

"

To ^wl
To
To examine minutely.

ten by a screw.
squeeze to press.
;

distort.

4:._

ScreW'-driv'ER

(skru'-), n.

in

To remove by rubbing. 3. To colby course and laborious effort.

To express disapprobation of by
noisy movements of the feet.
n. 1.

ScrIb'ble
bl),

v.

[-ED

1.

out care.

ment.

ScRAP'ER, n. An instrument with

which any thing is scraped.
SCRAP'ING, n. Something scraped off.
t.

[-ed;-ing.]

H.

[0.

Ger. krazjan, IcrazGn.]

1.
To rub
tear the surface of. *. To dig
with the claws.
v. i.
use
the
To
claws in tearing or digging.
n. 1.
slight
laceration.
2.
A
incision or
Test or trial of courage. [ Coiloq.]
between
3. (pi.) Dry chaps or scabs,
the heel and pastern joint of a
horse. 4. A kiud of partial wig.
Scrawl, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Cf.
D. schravelen, to scratch or scrape
Eng. scrabble and crawl.] To draw
or write awkwardly and irregularly.
v. i. To write uuskillfully.
n.
1. Unskillful or inelegant writing. 2.
A ragged, broken branch.
Scrawl'er, 7i. One who scrawls.
Screak, v. i. [ed; -ing.] [Cf.
Shriek and Screech.] To creak,
as a door or wheel.
n. A creaking
a screech.

and

Scream,

v.

i.

[-ed;

-ijsg.]

[Cf.

A.-S. hriman, hryman, to cry out.]

To utter a sudden sharp outcry to
,

shriek.
n.
A shriek, or sharp,
shrill cry, uttered suddenly.

Screech,

v.

i.

[-ed; -ing.]

[Icel.

skrsekia, to howl, slcrlkja, to twitter.]

To utter a harsh,

to scream
shrill,

to shriek.

and sudden

n.

cry.

cry
harsh,

shrill

[screeches.

Any

1.

off

OR,

thing that shelters, or shuts

2. A
long, coarse
view, &c.

SeRO'TUM,

The bag which

n. [Lat.]

contains the
SCRtJB, V. t.

testicles.

[-BED; -BING.]

[D.

To be diligent and penurious.

n. 1.
A mean drudge. 2. A worn-out
brush.
;

easiness, doubt.]
1.
weight of
20 grains. 2.
very small quantitj*.
3. Hesitation as to action from the

care, elegance, or value.

n. Hasty
or careless writing.
Scrib'bler, n. One who scribbles;
a petty writer.
Scribe, n. [Lat. scriba, fr. scribere,
to write.] 1. A writer; esp., an official writer.
2. (Jewish Hist.) One
who read and explained the law to
the people,
v. t. [-ed -ING.] To
fit, as one edge of a board, &c, to
another edge, or to a, surface.
SCRiM'MAGE, n. [Prob. a corrupt, of
skirmish.]
general row or fight.

SCRI3IP, v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [H Ger

schrumpfen, to crumple, shrink.] To
make too small or short; to, scant.
SCRIP, n. 1. [Icel. skreppa, W. ysgrab.]
A small bag a wallet. 2. [Abbrev.
A small writing or schedfr. script.]
ule. 3. Certificate given in exchange
for a loan.
;

Script,

n. [Lat. scriptum, something

written.] A kind of type in imitation of handwriting.

Q/ni4
ScrIpt'ur-al,
according

to,

ty/ie
a.

Q/cztfot.

<**

Contained

in,

or

the Scriptures.

SCRIPT'URE

[Lat. scriptura,
(53), ti.
fr. scribere, to write.]
1.
thing

Any

written.

2.

The books of the Old

and New Testament

chiefly in the
ScrIpt'ur-ist,

the

Bible

pi.

7i.

One versed

in the

Scru'PU-los'i-ty,
of'

ScrIve'ner

Quality or state

7i.

being scrupulous.

Scru'pu-lous,

Full of scrucautious exact.

With a nie
regard to particulars or to propriety.
Scru'pu-lous-ness, 7i. State or quality* of being scrupulous; niceness, or
caution in determining or in acting.
SCRU'TI-NIZE, *. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[From scrutiny.] To examine or inquire into critically.
Scru'ti-ny, 71. [Lat. scrutinium, fr.
scrutari, lit., to search even to the
rags, from scruta, gruta, Gr. ypvrr),
trash, trumpery.]
Minute inquiry
or search.
ples.

a.

Careful

2.

1.

SCRU'PU-Lotrs-LY, adv.

SCRU-TOIRE'

[See

n.

(-twor'),

Es-

CRITOIR.] A desk, with a lid opening downward for writing on it.

SctJD, t'. 1. [-DED -DING.]
[A.-S.
sceotan, to shoot, haste away.] To
be driven with haste esp. before a
tempest, with little or no sail spread.
7i.
1. A driving along.
2. Loose,
vapory clouds driven swiftly by the
wind.
;

Scuf'fle, n.
Shuffle.]

[See
1.

Shove, and
trial of

cf.

strength

between two persons who grapple.

[-ed
2. A confused contest.
v. i.
-ING.]
1.
To struggle with close
grapple. 2.
To strive or contend
tumultuously.

Scuf'fler,
SctJLK,

Scriptures.

v.

n.

i.

One who
Skulk.

scuffles.

See

[0. Fr.
escrivain, fr. Lat. scribere, to write.]

Scull,

One who draws contracts or other

over the stern.

To impel by
v. t.
[-ED; -ing.]
moving an oar over the stern.
ScOl'ler, 7i. 1. A boat rowed by
one man with two sculls. 2. One

(skriv/ner), n.

Screech'-owl, 7t. An owl that

writings.
Screed, ti. [Cf. A.-S. screade, a Scrof'U-la,
shred, leaf. See Shred.]
wooden
rule for running moldings.
Screen, n. [0. H. Ger. scirm,scerm.]

[Lat. scrotum, and

Purse-shaped.

a.

forma, form.]

difficulty of determining what

is
Screw-propeller.
To write withright or expedient.
v. i.
[-ED;
2. To fill with worthless
-ING.] To doubt or hesitate.
writing.
v. i.
To write without Scru'pler, n. One who scruples.

scribere, to write.]

lect
4.

A rubbing with something harsh

hence, the effect produced by rubbing. 2. An embarrassing predica-

ornament.

spiral

Scro'TI-form,

(skrib'-

t.

a.
Pertaining to, or
diseased with, scrofula.
n.
[0. Fr. escrol, escrou, fr
Lat. ex, con, and rotulus, rotula. See
Roll.] 1. A roll of paper or parchment.
2. (Arch.) A convolved or

Scroll,

ScRUB'BY, a.
[-ER
-EST, 142.]
Small and mean stunted in growth.
SCRU'PLE, 7i. [Lat. scrvpulus, a small,
sharp stone, 24th of an ounce, un-

-ING. J [From Lat.

2.

v.

steam-vessel propelled by a screw

also, the screw itself.

[-ed -inc.] [A.-S.

v. t.
screpan, screopan.]
1. To rub the
surface of with a sharp instrument.

Scratch,

An im-

plement for turning screws.

(skru/-), n.

Sr6f'U-lo0s,

schrubben, to
schrobben, L.
Ger.
scrub.] To rub hard, with a brush,
or something coarse or rough.
v. i.

2.

3.

S-CRAp'-BOOK, n. A blank book

which extracts may be pasted.

Scrape,

Screw'-pro-pel'ler

scrambling, or clambering.
n.
[From scrape]
piece a bit a fragment.

SCRAP,

~v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To

to conceal.
2.
protect by hiding
To pass through a screen.
Screw (skru), n. [Icel. en
1. A
a
skrfyfa, D. schroef.]
r|fr
cy linder grooved spirally
one of the six mechan
ical powers. 2. Any thing
like a screw esp., a form
of wheel for propelling
steam-vessels.
v. t. [-ED; a, nut; b,
-ING.] 1. To press or fas- handle, or
sieve.

1.

To scrib-

2.

n.

[Contr.

SCULLERY

381

[Diminutive of scrape.]

-!>'.]

To scramble.

7i.
[Lat. scrofulse, from
scrofa, a breeding sow. because swine
are subject to it, or by a fanciful
comparison of the swellings to little
pigs.]
A disease affecting the lymphatic glands, esp. those of the neck.

DO,WQLF,TOO,TObK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

C,G,sq/il;

oar

boat,

who

boat.
2.
short
esp. one used in propelling a
n.

1.

by placing

it

sculls.

SCUL'LER-Y,
escuelle,

n.

[0. Fr. esculier,

fr.

a dish, porringer, from Lat.

,G,hard; A; E^IST; B

as

NG THIS
,

SCULLION

SEASONABLY

382

An in- SEA'-MARK,n. A beacon visible from

sculeRa, a square salver.] A place
the sea.
for kitchen utensils, &c.
strument for mowing grass, grain,
ScOl'lion (-yun), n. 1. [See Sculand the like.
Seam'less, a. Without a seam.
lery. J A servant who does menial Sc YTH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Scythia, Seam'stress, or Seam'stress, n.
services in the kitchen. 2. A kind
or the northern part of Asia and Eu[For seamsteress.]
A woman whose
sigdhe, allied to Eng. saw.]

of imperfect onion.

rope.

n.

1.

native of Scythia.

occupation

is

sewing.

[seams.

2. Language of the Scythians.

Seam'y, a. Containing, or showing,
A certain small fish.
SCULP'TOR, n. One who sculptures. Sea, n. [A -S. sag, sco.] 1. A large STANCE (sn'ongps'), n. [Fr., fr. Lat.
Sculpt'UR-AL, a.
body of salt water, less than an
sedevs, sitting.]
Pertaining to
Session, as of some
ocean. 2. A lake. [Rare.] 3. The
sculpture.
_public body.
[of the sea.
_ocean^ 4. A high wave a surge.
Sea'-nymph, n. A nymph or goddesa
GcOlpt'ure (53), n. [Lat. sculpturd,
Sea'-board, n. [^Wtand board, Fr. Sea'-pie, n. Paste and meat boiled
fr. sculpere, to carve.]
1. Art of
bord, side.] The sea-shore.
cutting wood, stone, or other matetogether
so named because comSea'-born, a. 1. Born of the sea.
rial into images.
2. Carved work.
mon at sea.
2. Born at sea.
Sea'-piece, n. A picture representv. t.
f-ED; -ING.] To carve; to
Sea'-breach, n. Irruption of the
engrave.
[shore.
ing a scene at sea.
sea by breaking the banks.
SciJM, n.
Sea'-port, n. A port on the sea[Tcel. skum, 0. H. Ger.
schm.] 1. Impurities which rise to Sea'-breeze, n.
A current of air, SeAR, v. t. [-ED;-ING.] [A.-S. sedrblowing from the sea.
ian, to dry.]
the surface of liquids, in boiling or
1. To wither
to dry
fermentation, &c. also, scoria. 2. Sea'-cap'tain (42), n.
up. 2. To scorch to make callous.
The captain
Refuse.
[-med -MING.] To
of a vessel.
v. t.
*
o.
Dry withered.
Sea'-coal. 77. Coal brought by sea JsEarch,!-. t. [-edj-ING.] [L.Lat.
take the scum from
to skim.
cercare, circare, fr. Lat. circum, circa,
SCUM'BLE, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Dim.
mineral coal.
[sea or ocean.
of scum.}
To cover lightly with SEA'-COAST, n. Shore adjacent to the
around.] 1. To look over or through,
opaque or semi-opaque colors.
Sea'-far'er, n. A mariner a sailor.
to find something.
2. To inquire
Scup'per, n. [Prob. from scoop.'] A Sea'-far'ing, a. Following the busiafter to look for.
3. To put to the
channel cut through the side oi" a
ness of a seaman.
test.
v. i.
To seek to make inship, for carrying off the water from Sea'-fight (-fit), n. An engagement
quiry or exploration.
n. A seeking

ScDl'pin, n.

between ships at

the deck.

A pipe attached
scuppers, on the
[broad head.

Scup'per-hose, n.
to the mouth of the
outside of avessel.

SCUP'PER-NAIL, n.
A
Scurf, n.
[A.-S., from

Sea'-fowl,

near, and procures

water.

Se a '-gage

with a

nail

Any

n.

sel sinks in

sceorfan, to

or looking for something.

sea.
its

bird that lives

food from, salt

Sea'-horse, n. 1. The
The hippopotamus.

Scur'rile,

Sea'-king,

Scurrilous

low

Seal,

mean.
SUR-RIL'I-TY, n.

seol,

a.

1.

[See

SCURF.]

ScuTCH'EON,n.
1.

An

[See

escutcheon.

An ornamental

[A.-S. sa.r-cld.dh.
cloth to cover a sore.
n.
State of being

Sea'-shell,
Sea'-shore,
2.

n.

n.

1.

marine

shell.

Coast of the

sea.

(Law.) All the ground between

the ordinary high-water and

low-

water marks.
Sea'sick, a. Affected with nausea on
account of the motion of a vessel.
Sea'SICK-NESS, n.
Sickness occasioned by the motion of a vessel.
Sea'-side,w. The land bordering on
the sea.

Sea's on

Ability to walk
n. pi.
steadily on deck in a rough sea.
SEAL'ER,n. One who seals; especially an officer who seals writs, stamps

SEA'-LEGg,

Escutcheon.]

2.

An

_keep close.

n.

seared j^ hence, insensibility.

n.
Distance from land
sufficient for a ship to drive or scud
without danger of shipwreck.
Sea'-ser'pent, n.
A serpent-like
animal of great size, supposed to
dwell in the sea.

a.

search for

Sea'-room,

chief.

t.
v.
confirms or authenticates.
[-ED; -ing.]
1. To affix a seal to
to ratify.
2. To mark with a stamp,
3.
as an evidence of legal size, &c.
To fasten with a ?eal. 4. To shut or

disease
spots, pale-

[-ER; -est, 142.] 1.

Scurfy diseased with the scurvy. 2.
Vile mean
contemptible.
SCUR'VY-GRASS, n. A plant used as
a remedy for the scurvy.
.
;

seolh.]

Norse pirate

characterized by livid
ness, languor, spongy and bleeding

gums, &c.

See Sore.] A
Sear'ed-ness,

dim. of signum,
a mark, figure
An
engraved
stamp. 3. Wax
g eai_
or wafer stamped
with a seal. 4. Hence, that which

ness.
n.

Sear'-cloth,

2.

2. [Lat. sigillum,

Using low and

indecent language.
2. Containing
low indecency.
ScOR'VT-LY,atft\ Basely; meanly.
cUR'vi-NESS, n. Yileness
mean-

SCUR'VY,

n.
n. 1. [A.-S.

walrus.

aquatic carnivorous mammal.

1. Quality of being scurrilous. 2. Gross or obscene

language or behavior.

ScUR'RlL-oOs,

of

sea-water.

[Lat. scurrUls, fr. scur-

a.

a buffoon.]

[a seeker.

authorizing persons to
jstolen goods.

Sea'-god, n. A marine deity.

Sea'-green, a. Having the color

ra,

ves-

the water.

bite.]
A dry scac or mealy
crust on the skin of an animal.
n.
State of being
scurfy.
[with scurf.
ScfjRF'Y.a. [-ER -EST, 142.] Covered

gnaw,

Scurf 'i-ness,

Capable of being

a.

searched.

The depth that a

n.

Search'a-ble,

Search'er, n. One who searches

SEARCH'- war/rant, n. A warrant

weights and measures, &c.

Scu'ti-form, a. [Lat. scutum, shield, Seal'ing-wax, n. A resinous comand forma, form.] Having the form
pound for sealing letters.
of a buckler.
JBeam, n. 1. [A.-S. seam, fr. seowian,
ScOt'tle, n. 1. [Lat. scutella, dim.
to sew]
Line on cloth formed by
brass plate over a key-hole.

(se'zn), n.
[Fr. saison, fr.
Lat. satio, a sowing, a planting.] 1.
One of the four divisions of the year,
spring, summer, autumn, winter. 2.
A suitable or convenient time. 3.
period of time not very long.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To prepare. 2. To

accustom. 3. To prepare by drying

or hardening. 4. To render palata-

of scutra, a dish or platter.]

wide-

mouthed

vessel for coal.

2. [0. Fr.
escoutille, fr. escouter, to listen.]

small outer opening furnished with a

lid, or the lid itself.
v. t.
[-ed
-ING.] [From the n.] To sink, as a
ship, by making holes through the
bottom.

Scythe
A, E,

I,

(sith), .

[A.-S. sldhe, for

a
sewing.
2. A line of junction
suture.
3. A narrow vein between
v. t.
two thicker ones. 4. A scar.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To form a seam up3. To knit
on or of.
2. To scar.
:

with a certain

Sea'-man

stitch.
(150), n.

A mariner

sailor.

Sea'man-ship,

n. Skill of a

6,u, Y,long; 1, ,1,6, 0, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

ble; to spice.

5.

To

fit

for enjoy-

ment. 6. To imbue; hence, to comv. L

municate first instruction to.

To become mature

to

grow

fit

for

use.

Sea's ON-A-BLE (-se / zn-), a. Occurring in good time or due season.

a Sea' on- a-ble-NESs (se'zn-), n. Op-

[man.
good sea-

portuneness,

Sea's on-a-bly

[time.
(se'zn-), adv.

In due

WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM;

s6n,

SEASONING
Sea'son-ing

(sS'zn-ing),

n.

A SeCond-hand,

1.

condiment. 2. Sometning added to

enhance enjoyment.

Sat,

[A.-S

n.

slot,

See Sit.]

set.

SEDITION

383
n.

Possession

by Sector,

a.
transfer from a previous owner.
1. Not original or primary.
2. Previously possessed by another.

[Lat.,

n.

cutter]

1.

part of

a circle comprehended /
between two radii and/

"L
/\|N

\\|

\
c

1. That on wh ; ch one sits.

SeCond-ly, adv. In the second
the included arc. 2.\
2. Place
J
place.
A mathematical in- \
where any thmg is situated site
strument,
abode. 3. Something to be set in or Second-rate, a.
Of the second
used for \^__^/
size, rank, quality, or value.
plotting, &c.
upon. 4. Posture of sitting on horsea, c, b, sector.
Second-sight (-sit), n. Power of SeCU-LAR, a. [Lat. secularis; seatback.
v.t.
[-ed; -ing.]
1. To
seeing things future or distant.
lum, a generation, age, world.] 1.
place on a se^t. 2. To station to
locate. 3. To assign a seat or seats to. Se'RE-CY, n.
1. State of being seComing or observed once in an aga.
cret
retirement
privacy.
2. Fi2. Pertaining to an age, or the pro,
4. To repair by making the seat new.
delity to a secret.
SJ5 A'WARD, a. Directed toward the sea.
gress of ages.
3. Pertaining to this
Se'CRET, a. [Lat. secretus, separated.]
adv. In the direction of the sea.
present world
worldly.
4. Not
SEA'- WEED, k. A marine plant.
1. Separate; hence, hid.
2. Known
bound by monastic vows.
n.
1.
only to one or to few.
SEA'-WOR'THY (-wfir'thy), a. Fit for
An ecclesiastic not bound by monastic rules.
a voyage, as a vessel.
2. A church officer conSyx. See Hidden.
SE-BA'CEOiJS, a. [N. Lat. sebaceum,
nected with the choir.
n. 1. Somethiug studiously con1. Made of,
Sec'u-lar'i-ty, n. VTorldliness.
fr. Lat. sebum, tallow.]
cealed.
2. A thing not discovered.
pertaining
to,
fat.
2.
Affordiug
SeCu-lar-i-za'tion,
or
n. Act of ren-

fatty secretions.
[Lat. secans.]
dividing into tw3 parts.

SE'ANT,a.

Cutting;

n.

^
Trigo-

1.

line that cuts an-

other.

2.

A right

nometry.)

from the cencj^le

of a
Secant (:).
through one end
of an arc to a tangent.
Se-cede',?;. i. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.
line
ter

The

genital organs.
[From Lat.
(44), n.
orig. a confidant.]
1. One employed to write orders, letters, dispatches, &c.
2. Chief officer of a department of government.
3. A piece of furniture with conveniences for writing.

3. pi.

dering secular.

SeCre-ta-ry

secretum, a secret

Secu-jlar-ize, v.
To make secular.

SeCun-dine
in

In a secular

n. pi.

which the fetus

womb;

is

The membranes
wrapped in the

the aftei -birth.

Se-cure',

a.
[Lat. securus, fr. se, for
sine, without,, and cura, care.] 1.

Sec're-ta-ry-bIrd,

n.
[From the
feathers at the back of its head,
which resemble pens stuck behind
the ear.] A bird of South Africa.
fr. se, aside, and
secedere, secessum
cedere, to go.]
To withdraw from SeCre-ta-ry-ship, n. Office of a

Free from care or anxiety.

2.

Con-

fident in opinion.
3. Not exposed
to danger.
v.t.
[-ed -ing.] 1.
To make safe to guard. 2. To assure to insure. 3. To close, inclose,
or confine effectually.
4.
To get

secretary.

fellowship or association.

[-ed; -ing.]
[manner.

t.

SeCu-ear-ey, adv.

SE-CRETE', V. t. [-EDI-1NG.] [Lat.

Se-CED'er, n. One who secedes
secretus, separated, secret, hidden.]
Se-cern', v. t. [-ed; -ing.j [Lat.
possession of.
1. To deposit in a place of hiding.
secernere ; se, aside, and cernere, to
Se-cure'ly, adv. In a secure man2. To separate by natural processes,
1.
separate.]
To separate. 2. To
ner without danger safely.
from
the
circulating fluids, as the
[of secreting.
Se-cure 'ness, n. Confidence of safesecrete.
blood, sap, &c.
Se-cern-MEIhT, n. Process or act
ty ;_want of vigilance.
Syn. To conceal; hide.
Se-^es'sion .^esh'un), n. [Lat. seSe-CJ'ri-ty, n. 1. Condition of beAct of se- Se-cre'tion, n. 1. Act of secreting.
cessio.
S"b Secede.]
ing secure.
2. One who, or that
which, secures or makes safe. 3. An
ceding; separation from fellowship
_2. Matter secreted.
[holds secession. Se'cre-ti'tious (-tish'us), a. Proor association.
evidence of debt or of property, as a
One who upduced by animal secretion.
Se-ces'sion-Ist, n.
bond, &c.
Seck'jel (sek'l), n. A small, pulpy SE-RET'iVE,a. Tending to secrete. Se-dan', n. [Said to be named from
Se-cret'ive-ness, n.
variety of pear.
Quality of
Sedan, in France.] A covered vehi_being secretive.
Se-clude', v. t. [-ED -mo.] [Lat.
cle for carrying a single person.
secludere, seclusum, fr. se, aside, and Se'cret-ly, adv.
In a secret man- Se-date', a.
[Lat. sedatus.]
Un
ner; with secresy.
1. To snut up
claudtre, to shut.]
ruffled by passion.
[ner
apart from others. 2. To prevent Se'cret-ness, n. State or quality of Se-date'ly, adv. In a sedate man,
from entering; to exclude.
Joeing secret.
Se-date'ness, n. Freedom from agiE-CLU'sion, n. Separation from so- Se'cre-to-ry, or Se-cret'o-ry, a.
tation composure
tranquillity.
Performing the office of secretion.
ciety or connection.
Sed'a-tIve, a. [See Sedate.] TendStn. See Solitude.
SECT, n. [Lat. secta, fr. secure, to cut
ing to tranquilize allaying irritabiloff.]
SECOND, a. [Lat. secundus, fr. sequi,
A school or denomination
ity.
n.
A remedy which allays
esp., a religious denomination.
to follow.] 1. Immediately followirritability and irritation.
ing the first next to the first in or- Secta'ri-an (89), a. Pertaining or Sed'en-ta-ry (44), a. [Lat. sedentapeculiar to a sect.
der of place or time. 2. Next in
n. One of a sect.
rius ; sedere, to sit.] 1. Aecustomed
value, power, excellence, dignity, or Sec-ta'ri-an-ism, n.
Devotion to
to sit much. 2. Requiring much sit2.
1. One who follows.
rank.
n.
the interests of a sect.
ting. 3. Inactive.
One who acts as another's aid in a SeCTA-ry, n. [See SECT.] A secta- Sedge, n. [A.-S. secg.} A kind of
;

'

(Mus.

piece

part of a minute.
Second part iu a concerted

3. Sixtieth

duel.
4.

often
v.

popularly applied to

[-ED: -ing.] To
t.
the alto.
follow or attend to support to en[ary manner or degree.
courage.
SCond-A-*U-ly, adv. In a second;

8eCond-a-ry,

a. 1. Of second place,
and the like. 2. Acting
by delegated authority.
n. 1. One

origin, rank,

who

occupies a subordinate place. 2.

3. A quill on the second bone of a bird's wing.

A satellite.
vB, do,

rian

member

Sec'TILE,
to cut.]

Section,
cutting

a.

off.

from the

grass growing in dense tufts.

of a sect.

[Lat. sectilis, fr. secare,

Capable of being cut.

n. [Lat. sectio.]
1. Act of
2.

separated

part

rest; a division

esp., (a.)

distinct part of a book or writing.

distinct part of a country or
people, community, or class.
3.
Representation of any thing as it
(b.)

would appear

SeCtion-ae,
section.

wolf, too, took; URN, rue, pull;

if

a.

cut through.
Pertaining to

Sedg'y, a. Overgrown with sedge.

Sed'i-ment, n.
[Lat. sedimentum,
fr.

sedere, to sit, to settle.]

Mattel
to the bottom.
Settlings; lees; dregs.

which subsides
Syit.

Sed'i-ment'a-ry,
or consisting

of,

a. Pertaining
sediment.

to,

Se-di'tion (-dTsh'un), n. [Lat. seditio ; se, sed, aside, and itio, a going
The raising of commotion in a state,
a
not amounting to insurrection. See
]

Insurrection.
e,i, o, silent; c,G, soft; ,&,hard; AS; E^lST;

as

NG this
;


SEDITIOUS

SELF-POSSESSION

384

Se-di'tjoOs

(-dish'us), o. Pertaining
to, or guilty of, sedition.
Se-dI'tioOs-ly (-dish/us-), adv. In a
seditious manner.
Se-dI'tioOs-ness
(-dish'us-),
n.
Quality of being seditious.

our view; as, the sun appears; to seem

is connected with the idea of semblance,
and usually implies an inference of our

mind

as to the probability of a thing's

being so; as, a storm seems to be coming.

Se'lah,

n.
[Heb.,fr. salah, to be
A word occurring in the
Psainis
by some supposed to signify silence or a pause in the song.
silent.]

Seem'ing,>. a. Appearing like hav- Sl'd6m, adv. [A.-S. seldon,seldum.]

Rarely not often.
n. Appearing the semblance of.
Se-leT', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
Sed'litz Powders (1 8). [From
ance show semblance.
seligere, selectum ; se, aside, apart,
Sedlitz, in Bohemia/]
Certain ape- Seem'ing-ly, aav. In appearance.
and leg ere, to gather.]
rient powders which form an effer- Seem'iisg-ness, n. Fair appearance.
To choose
from
a number to pick out.
vescing drink.
a.
Seem'li-ness, n. State or quality of
Taken
from
Se-du^e', v. t. [-En; -ing.] [Lat.
a
number
by
preference
seemly.
being
of special value.
seducere, fr. se, aside, and ducere, to Seem'ly, a. [-ER; -est,
142.] [From
1. To draw aside from the
lead.]
seem, v. t.] Suited to the object, oc- Se-lec'tion, n. 1. Act of selecting,
or state of being selected. 2. That
path of rectitude. 2. To induce to
casion, purpose, or character.
which is selected.
surrender chastity.
Seen,;?, p. of See.
Se-leT'mXn
Se-DUCE'ment, n. Seduction.
(160), n. A town officer
Seer, n. [From see.] One who forechosen
annually, iu New England, to
Se-du'^er, n. One who seduces.
events
a
prophet.
sees
manage the concerns of the town.
Se-du'tjon, n. 1. Act of seducing. See 'saw, n. [Prob. a reduplication of
Se-LET'or, n. One who selects.
2. That which seduces.
saw.) 1. A board supported in the
SEL'E-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. o-ek-qvri,
Tending to lead
Se-BU'tive, a.
middle, so as to move alternately up
;

astray.

[try.

Se-du'li-TY, n.
Sed'u-lous, a.

Unremitting indus[Lat. sedulus,

se-

fr.

dere, to sit.] Diligent in application

[manner.
steadily industrious.

and down.

v.

i.

A reciprocating motion.

2.

[-ED

ward and downward

Seethe, v.

t.

To move up-

-ing.]

alternately.

[seethed; seethed,

or SODDEN SEETHING.] [A.-S. S(6Sed'U-lous-ly, adv. In a sedulous

dhan, siodhan.] To prepare for food
SEE,n. [Lat. sedes, a seat.] 1. A dior. i. To be
to boil.
in hot liquid
cese jurisdiction of a bishop or archto boil.
iu a state of ebullition
bishop. 2. Pope or court of Rome
Seg'ment, n. [Lat.
seen;
v.t.
[saw
seepapacy,
segmentum, from seing.] [A.-S. seon.] 1. To perceive by
cure, to cut off.]
1.
the eye. 2. To perceive mentally. 3.
section;
a porA
To take care of. 4. To have an intertion.
2. That part
meet
or
associate
view with. 5. To
of a circle contained
with.
v.i. 1. To have or use the
between a chord and
power of sight. 2. To have intellectan arc of that circle. Segment (2).
ual apprenension.
SEG'RE-GATE, v. t. a b, chord a~c, b,
s&d,
SEED, n. [A.-S.
fr. sawan, to sow.]
segment.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
1. A matured ovule, the growth of
segregare, -gatum, fr. se, aside, and
which gives origin to a new plant. 2.
gregare, to collect into a flock.] To
Generative fluid of the male. 3. That
separate from others.
from which any thing springs. 4. Seg're-ga'tion, n. Separation from
Progeny; offspring.
v. i.
[-ED
others [ a parting.
:

-ING.] To produce seed.

v.t. To
sow with, or as if with, seed.
n. Germ or rudiment of
fruit in embryo.
[the seed.
Seed'ling, n. A plant reared from
Seeds/man (150), n. One who deals in

Seed'-bud,

seeds. _

[ing.

Seid'lItz (sid'lits). SeeSEDLiTZ.

Seign-eu'ri-al (seen-yu/-), a. [Fr.
See

Seignior

1.

lord of a manor.
Jarge powers.

Pertaining to the
2. Tested with

Seign'IOR

(seen'yur-), n. [Fr. seigneur, 0. Fr. seignor, from Lat. senior,

the moon, ypdfciv, to describe.] A

description of the surface of the moon.
(149), n. [A.-S. s*7/, self, Goth.
silba, prob. contr. from si-liba, from
sik, one's self, and lip, body, having
one's own body.] 1. A person as *
distinct individual. 2. Love of pri-

SELF

vate interest.

Self'-a-base'ment, n. Humiliation
proceeding

from conscious

inferior-

ity.

Self/-a-buse',. Abuse of one's own

person or powers.
n. A high opinion
of one's powers or endowments.
SELF'-eoN-^EiT'ED, a. Vain puffed
up conceited.

Self'-con-^eit',

Self'-con'fi-dence, n. Confidence
in one's own opinion or powers.
SElf'-con'scious, a. 1. Conscious
of one's acts or states as belonging
to one's self.
2. Conscious of one's
self as an object of the observation
of others.
SELF'-con-trol', n. Restraint exercised over one's self.
SELF'-DE-FENSE', n.
Act of deSelf'-de-fence', ] fending one's
own person, property, or reputation.
Self'-de-ni'al, n. Denial of one's
own appetites or desires.
Self'-es-teem', n. Good opinion of
)

Seed'TIME, n. Season proper for sowthe lord of a manor.

elder.] A lord
[-ER; -est, 142.]
Seed'y, a.
1.
Gi-and Seignior, the sultan of Turkey.
one's self; complacency.
Abounding with seeds. 2. Old and
(seen'yur-,
Seign'ior-age
45), n. A SelF'-Ev'i-dent, a. Evident
worn out shabbily clothed.
;

with-

See'ing,
sidering

Seek,

v.

p. pr., called a conj.

inasmuch as since.

t.

Con-

[sought

(sawt)

seek-

ing.] [A.-S. secan, Scecan,fv. sacan,

to contend, strive.] To go in search

orquestof; to try to

v.i.

find.

1.

certain toll or deduction on bullion

brought to a mint to be coined.
Sf ign'ior-Y (seen'yur-y), n. 1. Dominion. 2. A lordship a manor.
SEINE, n. [Fr. seine, Gr. o-ayjjvij.] A
large net for catching fish.
;

[seized.
n. See Seizin.
Capable of being
Seiz'a-ble, a.
Seize, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [0. H. Ger.
bi-sazjan, to occupy; to seize.] 1.
To take suddenly or by force. 2. To
ciller, fr. Lat. cilium, an eyelash.] 1.
take possession of by legal authority.
To render incapable of seeing by sew3. To fasten together, as ropes.
ing the eyelids together. 2. To make

To make search

or inquiry.

2.

To Sei'in,

endeavor.

[quirer.
Seek'er, n. One who seeks an inSeel, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Fr. siller,

blind.

Seem,

v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Prov. Eng.

seem, to think, imagine
0. Eng.
seem, to become, befit A.-S. seman,
to judge, appease.] To have a show
or appearance.
Syn.
To appear. To appear has
reference to a thing's being presented to
;

K,

E,

I,

6,U, Y,long; &,,!, 6,

tt,

Syn. To catch; grasp; gripe; snatch.

Seiz'in, n. [See Seize.] 1. Possession of an estate of freehold. 2.

out proof or reasoning.

Self'-ex-Ist'ent

(-egz-), a.

Exist-

ing of or by himself.

SELF/-G6VERN-MENT,

n.
1. Selfcontrol. 2. Government by the people
democracy.
Self'-in'ter-est, n. Private interest
one's own advantage.
SELF'ISH, a. Regarding one's own
good alone.
[ner.
;

SFXF'ISH-LY, adv.
Self'ish-ness, n.

In a

selfish

man-

Quality of being

selfish.

Self'-l6ve',
Syn.

n.

Love of one's

Selfishness.

SELF'-MADE,

a.

self

Made by

one's

self,

or by means of one's own talents or

Thing possessed.
energies.
Seiz'or, n. One who seizes.
Seiz'ure, n. 1. Act of seizing, or SELF'-POS-sfis'slON (-pos-sesh'un or
-poz-zesh'un), n. Calmness presence
state of being seized. 2. Possession.
3. Thing taken or possessed.
of mind.

Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TUMJ PIQUE, FlRMj

idle,

SELF-REPROACH
Self'-reproach',
proaching one's

Act of

re[identical.

n.

self.

SENSUALISM

385
; semper, always.] Endless
ing beginning, but no end.

nns

hav-

sold.

n.

An

ate meets.

imposition or trick.

the bodily organs

ing.

Self'-same, a. Precisely the same; Sem/pi-ter'ni-ty, n. Future duration without end.

Self'-suf-fi'cient (-iTslrent). a.
Having full confidence in one's self; Semp'stress, n. See Seamstress.
[stinacy. Sen'ary, a.
[Lat. senarhts, fr. seni,
hence, haughty.
Belonging
six each, from sex, six.]
Self'-will, n. One's own will; obGoverned by
to, or containing, six.
Self'-willed', a.
Sen'ate, n. [Lat. senatus, fr. senex,
one's own will alone.
old. an old man.] A legislative body
{Sell, v. t. [sold; selling.] [A.-S.
a state council especially the upper
1. To transfer to
sellan, syllan.]
or less numerous branch of a legisanother for a price. 2. To betray.
v.
lature, as in the United States.
3. To make a fool of; to cheat.
2. To be
1. To practice selling.
Senate-house, a house in which a seni.
;

'

3.
4.

sensation

Apprehension

2.

feel-

discernment.

Sound perception and reasoning.

Judgment; notion. 5. Meaning.
Stn\ Understanding; reason. Sense

is the mind's acting in the direct cognition either of material objects or of its

own mental

Understanding

states.

is

the

power of apprehending under general

conceptions, or the power of classifying,
arranging, and making deductions.
Reason is the power of apprehending
those fundamental principles which are
the conditions of all scientific knowledge, and which control the mind in all
its processes of investigation and deduction.

SELI/ER, n. One who sells; aveuder. Sen'a-tor, n. A member of a senate. Sense'less,ci. 1. Destitute of sense,
Sel'vage, In. [Prob. fr. self and Sen'a-to'ri-al, a. 1. Pertaining to,
appreciation, sympathy, or underedge, as if its own
or becoming, a senator or a senate.
SEL'VEDGE,
standing. 2. Contrary to reason or
2. Entitled to elect a senator.
proper edge.] Edge of cloth, woven
sound judgment foolish.
SEN'A-Td'Rl-AL-LY, adv.
In the Sense'less-ly, adv. In a senseless
so as to prevent raveling.
manner ofa senate.
SELVES, pi. of Self.
manner.
[ity.
Sem'a-phore, n. [Or. o-r\ixa, a sign, Sen'a-tor-ship, n. Office or dignity Sense'less-ness, n. Folly; stupidof a senator.
and 4>epeiv, to bear.] A kind of teleSen'SI-bIl'I-TY, n. 1. Capacity to
SEND,l\ t. [SENT; SENDING.] [A.-S.
graph.
feel or perceive.
2. Capacity of the
I

Sem'blance,

n.

[Tr.,fr.sembler, to

seem, resemble.] 1. Seeming: appearance. 2. Likeness resemblance.

:

Se'mex,

Male generative

[Lat.]

n.

[yearly.

product of animals.

SJtt1-Xw'NU-AL (-an'yn-),

Semi-an'nu-al-ly

a.

(-an'yyj-),

Hava.
ing the figure of a half circle.
note, of half the
Sem'I-BREVE. n.
time of the breve
whole note.

called

also

n. [Lat. semi chorus .]

short chorus by a few singers.

Sem'I CHO'RUS,

Sem'i-cir / LE,?i. The

A point

[;]

(110), n.

indicating

a radius.

Sem'I-nal.

[Lat. seminalis; sea.

seed.]
1. Pertaining to seed.
the
relations of seed or
2. Holding
first principle.
[Lat. seminaSEM'I-na-ry (14), n.
rium: semen, seed.] An institution
academy,
a
school,
of educatiou
college, or university.
Se.M/I-NA^TION, n. Act of sowing.
ine?!,

Sem'I-QUA'VER,

Old age

(-yur), a.
[Lar. senior, compar. of senex, senis, old.] 1. More
advanced in age or rank elder. 2.
Belonging to the last year of the
course in American colleges, or in
professional schools.
1.
n.
One
older in years, or office. 2. An aged
person].
3. One in the last year of
his course at an American college or
at a professional school.
Sen-ior'i-ty (seen-yor'T-ty), n.
1.
Priority of birth. 2. Priority or superiority in office or rank.
Sen'NA, n. [At. sana or sena.]
plant, and its leaves, which last are
used as a cathartic
Sen'night (sen'nit). n. [Contr. from

Semicircles,

parts of a sentence, more distinct

than that marked by a comma.
Sem/i-dT-am'e-ter, n. Half of a
;

Having the capacity of receiving

impressions from external objects.
3. Easily affected
especially by natural agents. 4. Cognizant satisfied.
5. Having moral perception. 6. Char2.

acterized
Syk-.
sensible

are

by good

sense.

Intelligent. We

call

man

whose judgments and conduct

marked and governed by sound

judgment. "We call one intelligent who

is quick and clear in understanding.

The sphere of the sensible man lies in

matters of practical concern of the intelligent man, in subjects of intellectual
:

interest.

a separation between

diameter

soul for any feeling or emotion esp.

a specific one. 3. Quick emotion or
sympathy. 4. Delicacy.
SEn'si-BLE, a. [Lat. sensibilis, from
sensus, sense.] 1. Capable of being
perceived by the senses or the mind.

0.
Ger. senescalc; seneschalt, fr. the root
sin, signifying strength, age, and
scale, scalh, a servant.]
A steward,
esp. of princes and dignitaries.
Se'NILE, a. [Lat. senilis, from senex,
senis. old.]
Pertaining to old age.

Sen'ior

circle.

SEm'i-co'lon

by time.
Se-nes'cent, a. Growing old.
Sen'es-^hal (sen'e-shal) (95), n.

Se-nil'i-ty, n.

half of a circle.

Sem'i-cir'^u-lar, a.
Having the form of
half ofa

inflict.

Half Se-nes'CENCE, n.
[Lat. senescens,
growing old.] A growing old decay

adv.

Every half year.

Seji''-ax'nu-lar (-an'yu-),

sendan, allied to sidh, way, journey .]

2.
1. To cause to go in any manner.
To procure the going or transmission
of.
3. To cast; to throw.
4. To

n.

Half the quaver

sevennight.]

of being sensitive.

Sen-so'ri-AL,

week.

TOOK; urn, rue, pui ^\

E,

I,

o, silent

Sensibility.

n.

sus, sense, and facer e to make.] Pro

ducing sensation.
Sen'si-tive, a. 1. Having sense r
feeling
esp. having quick and acute
sensibility or susceptibility. 2. Relating to, or depending on, sensation,
[manner.
Sen'si-tive-ly, adv. In a sensitive
Sen'si-tive-ness, n. State or quality

Se-NO'u-lar, a. [Lat. sent, six each,

sensorium.
and oculus, eye.] Having six eyes.
Sen-so'ri-Om,
Sen'sate, a. [Lat. sensatus, gifted Sen'so-ry,

a sixteeuth note.
with sense sensus, sense.] Perceived
Se-MIT'I, a. [From Sem, or Shem,
by the senses.
the son of Xoah.] Relating to the
family of nations or languages of Sen-sa'tion, n. [Lat. sensus, sense.]
Hebrews,
Syrians,
and
1.
An impression upon the mind
which the
the
through the organs of sense.
2.
the Arabs are the chief members.
Haifa
tone.
gEM'l-TONE, n. (Mas.)
Feelings occasioned bv objects not
gEM'I-TON'I, a.
Pertaining to, or
material. 3. A state of excited interest.
consisting of, a semitone.
Sem'i-vow'el, n. 1. A sound be- Sen-sa'tion-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to
consonant,
or
the sensations.
2. Fitted to excite
tween a vowel and a
great interest.
partaking of the nature of both. 2.
Sense, . [Lat. sensus, from sentire,
Sign of such a sound.
to perceive, feel.]
1. Perception by
SEM'PI-TER'NAL, a. [Lat. sempiter-

or, do, \vqlf, TOO,

Sen'si-ble-ness,

Seis"si-bly, adv.
1. Perceptibly to
the senses. 2. With good sense.
SEN-s'lF'ie, a.
[Lat. sensifcus ; sen-

Pertaining to the

a.

sum

the senses.]

[Lat. sentire, sen-

n.

1.

system so far as

to perceive by
The whole nervous
,

is

it

susceptible of

2. An organ of sense.
Connected with the sensory, or
a.
with sensation.

sensations.

Sen'su-al

(-shy-), a.

sensus, sense.]

[Lat. sensualis;

Pertaining

1.

to,

ov

affecting, the senses.

2. Carnal
fleshly.
3. Luxurious ; voluptuous.
4. Pertaining to sensualism.
Sen'SU-al-ism (-shu-), n. 1. Condition of one" who is sensual ; sensuality.

c, G, soft; , G, hard,'

2.

The doctrine that

As

EIST

as

NG

all
;

our

this.

SENSUALIST

Sen'su-al'i-Ty

Free in(-shu-), n.
dulgence in sensual pleasures.

SEN'SU-AL-IZE (-shu-), v. I. [-ED;

-ING.] To make sensual.
SEN'SU-AL-LY (-shu-), adv. In a sensual manner.

Sen'su-ous
the senses

Pertaining to

(-shy>), a.

connected with sensible

objects.

SEN'TENOE,

n.
[Lat. sententia, from
snilire, to discern, feel, think.] 1.

SeP'A-RATE

decision especially a philosophical or

2. Judgment
theological opinion.
3. A combination of
of a court.
words, complete as expressing a
;

[-ED -ING.]
thought.
v. t.
pass judgment upon ; to doom.
;

Sen-TEN'tial,.

To

Comprising sentences. 2. Pertaining to a sentence.

SEN-TEN'TloDs, a. Abounding with
pithy sentences, axioms, and maxims.
1.

SEN-TEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. With

strik-

ing brevity.

Sen-ten'tious-ness,

Quality of

n.

being sententious.

SEN'TI-ENT

[Lat. sentiens,

(-shi-), a.

p. pr. of sent ire, to perceive by the

Having a faculty of sensasenses.]

ticu

and perception.

n.

One who

has the faculty of perception.

SEN'TI-MENT,
to

[From

n.

perceive,

Lat. sentire,
think.]
1. A

feel,

thought prompted by

feeling.

2.

Decision formed by deliberation or

reasoning.
3. A maxim; a toast.
4. Sensibility

feeling.
a.
1. Abounding
2. Artificially or

Sen'TI-ment'al,

with sentiments.

another or others

n.
n.

SEN'TI-MENT'AL-LY, adv.

In a sentimental manner.
Sen'ti-nel, n.
[Lat. sentina, bottom of a ship, which the sentinator
was obliged to take care of, on account of the sea-water continually
entering transferred from the navy
to the army.] A soldier set to watch.
;

[Corrupted fr. sentinel.]

guard a sentinel. 2.

n.

A soldier on

Duty of a

A box

to shelter

a sentinel frca the weather.

SI: 'PAL, n.
[N. Lat. sepalum.]

A leaf
[separated.
Capable of being

of the calyx.

Sp'a-ra-ble,
Sep'a-rate,i\

a.
t.

separare, -ratv.m
rare, to

[-Ed; -ING.] [Lat.

se, aside, and pa-

make ready

part in any manner.

3.

To

select

1.

To

To hold apart.

from among others.

Syn.
To disunite
divide; disconnect.

v.i.

prepare.]
2.

fr. sepelire,

3.

Divorce.

Sep'A-RA-tIsT, n. One who separates

himself, esp. from a church.
Sep'A-RA'TOR, n. One who separates.
(50), n.

chemical

vessel for separating liquors.

Se-PAWN', n. Meal of maize boiled
in water
hasty pudding. [Arrur.]
[Hind, sipahee.]
SE'poy, n.
native of India, employed as a soldier
in the service of a European power.
SEPT, n. [A.-S. sib, consanguinity
Icel. sift, line of consanguinity.]
clan, race, or family
in Ireland.
SEPT-AN'GU-LAR, a.
[Lat. septem,
seven, and ansulus, an angle.] Having seven angles.
Sep-tem'ber,. n.
[Lat., fr. septem,
;

ial, or to monuments to the dead.

Sep'ul-ture (53). n. [Lat. sepultura.]

Disunion of married persons.

Srjr.

SEP'A-RA-T'fgM, n.
Disposition to
withdraw, or the practice of withdrawing, from a church.

seven, as being the seventh month

of the Roman year.] Month following August ninth month of the year.
Sep'TEN-A-RY, a. [Lat. scptenarius ;
septem, seven.] Consisting of, or relating to, seven.
Sep-TEN'ni-al. a. [Lat. septennis
septem, seven, and annus, year.] 1.
2. HapContinuing seven years.
pening once in every seven years.
;

SEP-TEX'TRI-ON,

n. [Lat. septentrio,
the north, septentriones, the 7 stars
near the north pole, cailed the Great
Bear, lit. the 7 plow-oxen; fr. sep-

[Gr. ct^tttikos, from o~f\putrid.] Having power

to promote putrefaction..
[From Lat. sepSep-till'ion, n.
tem, seven.] According to the Eng.
notation, the product of a million
involved to the seventh power, or the

Sep'TI,

Tretv, to

a.

make

number expressed by a unit with 42

ciphers annexed; according to the
Fr. notation, the number expressed
by a unit with 24 ciphers.
SEP'TU-AG'E-NA-RY,

a.

[Lat. sep-

tuagenarius ; septuaginta, seventy.]

Consisting of seventy seventy years
n. A person seventy years old.
old.
;

SEP'TU-A-GES'r-MA,

sentinel.
n.

Sen'try-box.

[Lat scpulchrttm,
to bury.]

n.

A grave; a tomb.
Not united distinct.
Sep'a-rate-ly, adv. Apart; singly. SE-PriL'HER, V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
1. Act of sepaSep'A-ra'tion, n.
SE-PDL'CHRE,
bury to inter.
SE-PUL'HRAL, ,7. Pertaining to burrating.
2. State of being separate.

burial

interment.

SE-QUA'CIOUS,
quart's,

ing

[Lat. sequax, se~

a.
sequi, to follow.]
Folknv-

fr.

attendant.

Se'QUEL,

[Lat. sequela; sequi, to

That which follows a

n.

follow.]

1.

continuation.

Se'QUEN^e,

Consequerce event.

2.

n.

Succes.-ion.

1.

2.

That which follows or succeeds.

Se'QUENT,

[Lat. sequens.]

a.

Fol-

lowing; succeeding.

SE-QUES'TER,t\

t. [-ED
-ING.] [Lat.
sequestrare, to give up for safe keeping.]
1. To separate from the owner
for a time.
2. To take from, as parties in controversy, and put into the
possession of an indifferent person.

3.

v.

To separate from other things.

To renounce, as a widow, any

i.

concern with the estate of her husband,

[being sequestered.
o.
Capable of

Se-ques'tra-BLE,

SE-QTJES'TRATE, V.t. [-ED; -ING.]

To sequester.
Seq'ues-tra'tion, n. 1. Act of sequestering a setting aside a thing
in controversy.
2, State of being
separated or set aside retirement.
;

Seq'tjes-tra'tor,

One who

n.

se-

questers property.
Se'QUIN, n.
[It. zerchino, fr. zecca,
the mint, fr. Ar. srkkah, a stamp.] A
gold coin of Italy worth about $2.30,
and of Turkey worth about $1.85.

affects exquisite sensibility.

n.
Affectation of exquisite sensibility.
Sen'ti-ment'al-ize, v. i. To affect
exquisite sensibility.

1.

SEP'UL-HER,
SEP'UL-HRE,

Sentimen-

Sen'ti-men-tal'i-ty,

SEN'TRY,

1.

[tality.
tem, seven, and trio, a plow-ox.] Se-R.Xgl'IO (-r&l'yo), n. [It. serraglio,
[the north.
an inclosure of palisades, fr. It. serThe north.
rare, to shut
afterward used for the
One who Sep-ten'tri-ON-al, a. Relating to

affectedly tender.

SEN'TI-MENT'AL-IgM!,
Sen'ti-ment'al-ist,

Divided from
disconnected. 2.

(45), a.

A Sep'a-ra-to-RY

SERF

38G

Ideas are transformed sensations,

or copies or relies of sensations.
Sen'su-al-ist (-shy-), n. One given
to the indulgence of the senses.

sever

Consisting
Sep'TU-a-ges'I-MAL, a.
SEP'TU-A-GINT, n. [Lat. septuaginta,

A Greek version of the

seventy.]
the work of 70, or
Old Testament
rather of 72, interpreters.
;

Sp'TUM,n.;

pi.

sSp'Ta.

[Lat.,

Se-raph'ic,
Se-raph'ic-AL,
seraph

Ser'A-phIm,

Pertaining to,
or becoming, a
sublime.

a.

angelic

n. pi.

[See

Seraph.]

Angels of the highest order in the

celestial hierarchy.
Ser'aph-INE, n. [From seraph.]

An

instrument of the reed-organ kind.

Sere, a. _ Dry
SER'E-NADE',

withered.

n.

See

SEAR.

[Fr.,It. sera, even-

from Lat. serus, late.] Music in

the open air at night in compliment
v. t. [-ED
to some person.
-ING.J
To entertain with nocturnal music.
v. i. To perform nocturnal music
Se-rene', a. [Lat. serenus.] 1. Clear
and calm. 2. Undisturbed.
ing,

83p- Serene is given an a title to several

princes and magistrates in Europe.

A partition Se-rene'LY, adv. Calmly quietly.

an inclosure, hedge.]
Clearness and
1.
which separates two cells or cavities. Se-ren'1-ty, n.
Sep'TU-Ple, a.
[Lat. septuplum.]
calmness. 2. Calmness of mind.
SERF (14), . [Lat. servus.] A slave
Seven times as much.
v. t. [-ED
ING.] To multiply by seven.
employed in husbandry.
;

disjoin

To become disunited;
withdraw from each other

[Lat. sppn.
tuagesiinus, the seventieth.] Third
seventy days
Sunday before Lent;
[of seventy.
before Easter.

Per. serai, a palace.] 1. Talace of

the Turkish sultan, in which is the
harem. 2. A house of debauchery.
SER'APH (154), n. [Heb. saraph, to
burn, to be eminent.]
An angel of
the highest order.

to

A, E, I,6,IJ, Y,long; &,ft,I,d,tj',Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VglLj

2EM

*,

PIQUE, FIRM

S6N,

;
; ;

SERFDOM
A

Syn\ - Slave.

Serf'dom.,
3erge,>i.

is

Condition of

n.

SETTLES,

387

the absoute property of his master, and may be

sold in any way: a serf is usually one
bound to work on a certain estate, and
thus attached to the soil, though in some
countries seifs are mere slaves.
slave

serfs.

[L. Lat. sargia, sargium,

Lat. sericus, silken; orig. a silken
stuff.]
A woollen twilled stuff.
Ser'gean-cy (sar'jen- or serpen-), n.
Office of a sergeant.
Ser'GEANT (sar'jent or serpent), n.
[Fr. Lat. serviens, serving.] 1. (Mil.)
noD-commissioned officer, next in
2. A lawrank above the corporal.
yer of the highest rank. [Eng.]
SER'GEANT-AT-ARMS' (sar'-or seV-),
fr.

to assign.
5. To put into a desired
to
to adjust
position or condition
regulate. 6. To variegate with obv. i,
jects placed here and there.

a sawing.] A notching like that between the teeth of a saw.

Se'MU3T, n. [Lat.] 1. Liquid portion
2. A fluid of similar
of the blood.
nature from the blood-vessels.

SERVANT, n. [Lat. serviens.']

who serves, or does service.

1.
2.

2. To
1. To go down as the sun.
become fixed or rigid. 3. To congeal or concrete. 4. To move on to
tend. 5. To apply one's self.
p. i.

One
One

in a state of subjection.

Serve

[-ed

(14), v. t.
servire.] 1. To

unifirm.
2. Regular
Fixed
n.
1. AeS
form. 3. Established.

-ing.] [Lat.

1.

work for to be in
the employment of. 2. To be subordinate to. 3. To attend at meals. 4.
To bring forward, arrange, deal, distribute.
To do the duties re5.
quired in or for. 6. To conduce to
;

of setting. 2. That which is set,

3. A number
placed, or fixed.
of things of the same kind, ordinarilyused together. 4. A clique.

Se-ta'ceous, a. [Lat. seta, a bristle.]

Bristly.
To behave one's self to.
To be a servant. 2. To Set'-off, n. 1. That which is set
2.
A
off against another thing.
wait to attend. 3. To act as a solit.
An officer who executes the comcounter-claim.
dier or seaman, &c. 4. To be of use.
mands of a legislative body in preSer'vice, n. 1. Act of serving; ocSyn. Offset. Offset originally de_serving order, &c.
;

to satisfy.

v.

7.

1.

i.

Se'ri-al,

Pertaining to, or con-

a.

work apn.
sisting of, a series.
pearing in a succession of parts.
[Lat. seSe-ri'ceous (-rlsh'us), a.
riceus, from Seres, the Chinese, celebrated for their silken fabrics.] Silken

silky.
(se'rez

Se'RIES

or se'rl-ez, 89), n.
[Lat.^fr. serere, to join or bind toconnected order or sucgether.]
sequence chain.
cession of things

a.
Having a
SE'Rl-o-COM're,
mixture of
SE'Rl-o-eoM'lc-AL,
seriousness and comicality.
Se'RI-OUS, a. [Lat. serius.] 1. Grave
I

manner

in

or disposition

earnest.

Really intending what is said. 3.

Important. 4. Attended with dauger.

2.

Syn.

See

Grave.

Se'RI-oDs-LY, adv. Gravely solemnin earnest; without levity.

lv
j

Se'ri-OlJS-ness, n. Gravity of manner or of mind solemnity.

Ser'jeant, n. See Sergeant.
Ser'MON (14), n. [Lat. sermo, ser1. A
in onis, a speaking, discourse.]
;

religious discourse, delivered in pubset exhortation or reproof.

2.
lic.

v. i. [-ed; -ING.] To
compose or write sermons to preach.

SER'MON-IZE,

Ser'MON-IZ'er,

n.

One who

ser-

monizes.
[Sp. seron, a hamper,
pannier, augm. of sera, a large panpackage of skin
nier or basket.]
or leather for drugs, or the like.
tnin, watery liquid
SE-ROS'I-TY, n.

Se-roon',

n.

forming the
most animal

Se'rous,
whey.

a.
2.

Ser'pent,

chief

constituent

of

fluids.

like
1. Thin; watery;
Pertaining to serum.

[Lat. serpens, serpentis

creep.]
1.
an ophidian reptile without
certain constellation.
3.
n.

(sc. bestia), fr. serpere, to

A snake
2.

feet.

brass wind instrument.

Ser'PEN-tIne,
pent

crooked

a.
;

Resembling a sern. A min-

spiral.

eral or rock of a spotted or mottled

[Lat. serratvs, fr.
serra, a saw.] Notched
on the edge, like a saw.
SER'RA-TfjRE (53), n. [Lat. serratura,

OR, do,

)
j

a.

noted "that which branches off or profrom a tree, but has

jects," as a shoot

long been used in America

SER'vfCE-A-BLE,

Dependent.

3.

1.

Cringing

SER'VILE-LY, adv.

slavish deference.
[Lat.j

An

Oxford.)

2.

hound

n.

[Gr.

o-no-cuATj,

the

place

where

game

Set'ting,

Ar. sim-

SES-QTJjlP'E-DA'LI-AN, j
quipedalis
sesqui, one and a half, and pes, a
foot.]
Being a foot and a half long.
Ses'SILE, a. [Lat. sessilis, low, dwarf,
Attached without
fr. sedere, to sit.]
any sensible projecting support.
[Lat. sessio, fr. sedere,
to sit.]
1. Actual sitting of a court,
2.
legislature, &c, for business.
n.

Term during which a

court, legislafor business.

SEs'sion-al, a. Pertaining to a session. or_to sessions.
Sess'-pool, n. [Cf. Cess-pool.] A
cavity sunk in the earth to receive
the sediment of drains.
Ses'terce, n. [Lat. sestertius (sc.
nummus), fr. sestertius, two and a
half (asses).] A Roman coin, worth
about 2 pence sterling, or 4 cents.

&c, meet

S~ The

A
by

lies hid.

sestertimn was equivalent to

1000 sesterces, equal to about $40.

n.

1.
^

Act of placing or

ture,

fixing.
2.
sinking below the horSomething inserted.
izon.
3.
4.
That in which something, as a gem,
is

5.

set.

Direction of a current,

sea, or wind.
n.
[A.-S. sitel, setel, fr. sittan, to sit.]
bench with a high

Set'TLE.

v.t.

back.
set.]

1.

manent

[-EDj-ING.]

t.

wolf, too, TOOK; Orn, rue, pull;

[From

To

place in a fixed or percondition to make firm or

;

to establish.
stable
2. To render
3.
quiet, clear, or the like to still.
To lower
to depress.
4. To free
;

from uncertainty or wavering. 5.

To adjust, as something in discusto liquidate
sion
to balance. 6.
To colonize to people.
v. i. 1. To
become fixed or permanent to be
established. 2. To become quiet or
clear
or to become drv and hard,
3 To subside. 4. To adjust differ*
ences or accounts.
Set'tle-ment, n. 1. Act of settling, or state of being settled.
2.
That which settles, or is settled, established, or fixed.
3. Residence:
legal residence.
;

[set setting.] [A.-S.

settan.]
1. To cause to sit
to seat
to place to put. 2. To cause to fe.
3. To make fast or permanent
to Set'tler,. One who
render motionless. 4. To appoint;
onist.
v.

seat

crouching

sim.] An annual herbaceous plant.

Ses-quip'e-dal,
a.
[Lat. ses-

Ses'SION,

A long

set.]

that

indicates

bondage.

Ses'a-me,

[From

n.

2.

sets.

undergraduate partly

(14), n. [Lat. servitudo,

servire, to serve.]
Service ; slav:

[Lat. setosits, fr.

) a.
Set
seta, bristle.]
)
bristly.

with a back.

supported by the college funds.

ery

Set'ter,
n.
1.
One who

SER'VI-TUDE
fr.

(125),

with bristles

servant
University of

1.

issue.

SE-TOSE'
Se'tous,

Set-tee',

fawning.

[Lat. seta,
twist of silk or hair
to make an

(colloq. se'tn), n.

bristle.]

drawn through the skin

Slavishly.

Ser-yil'i-ty,. Condition of a slave

Ser'VI-TOR, n.
an attendant.

ings.

Se'TON

Doing

service; beneficial. 2. Active; diligent.

Ser'vTce-a-ble-ness, n. State or
quality of being serviceable.
Ser'VILE, a. [Lat. servilis, fr. servire,
2.
to serve.]
1.
Slavish; mean.
a.

in the sense

This use is
set-off, or equivalent.
beginning to obtain in England, though
most English writers use set-off. Set-off
is the appropriate term in legal proceedof

Set.

appearance.

SER'RATE,
Ser'ra-ted,

2.
Labor
cupation of a servant.
performed for another. 3. Duty, performed in, or appropriate to, any
office
specifically, military or naval
duty. 4. Benefit avail.
5. A set
of vessels used at table. 6. Materials for serving a rope, as spun-yarn,
&c. 7. A tree and its fruit.

settles

e,t, o,silent; c,G,sq/2; ,,Aard; Aj EJIST; JfcwNG

col-

THIS

SETTLINGS
St'tling,

Lees

n. pi.

dregs

conflict of any kind.

SEV.EN (s&Vn), a. or n. [A.-S. seofon,
One
stofen, allied to Lat. septem.]
[times.
more than six.
SEv'.en-fold, a.
Repeated seven
Sev'-EN-night (sen'mt, 101), n.
week.
i3ev' jen- TEEN, a. or . One more
n.

than sixteen or

less

than eighteen.

gEV'N-TEENTH,a.

SHALL

388

sediment.

Set'-to,

The ordinal of

seventeen.
n.
One of seventeen
equal parts.
Sev'-ENTH (seVnth), a. 1. Next in order after the sixth. 2. Being one of
n.
1. One of
seven equal parts.
seven equal parts. 2. One next in
order after the sixth. 3. A certain
[place.
interval in music.
Sev'.enth-ly, adv. In the seventh

or Sex'a-ge naSex-Xg'e-(na-ry,
jx-Xg'e-Jn./
ry, a. [Lat. sexagenarius, fr. sexaginta, sixty] Pertaining to, or designating, the number sixty.

Se X A-GE S' I-MA

1

mus.

[Lat. sexagesi-

n.

The second Sunday

sixtieth.]

before Lent,
about
day before Easter.

the

sixtieth

Sex'a-Ges'i-mal, a. Sixtieth.
SEX-EN'Nl-AL,a. [Lat. sexennis ; sex,
six, and annus, a year.] Lasting six
years, or happening once in six years.
Sex'fid. a. [Lat. sex, six, and findere fidi
six parts.
,

SEx'TAIN,

Divided into

to cleave.]

[Lat. sextus, sixth.]

n.

[Lat.

Sixth part of a

sex,

circle.

six.]
2.

An

1.

in-

strument for measuring angular distances between objects.

Sev'N-ti-eth, a. The ordinal of Sex'TJLE, n. [Lat. sextus, the sixth.]
Position of two planets when distant
seventy.
1.
One of seventy
n.
from each other sixty degrees.
equal parts. 2. One next in order
after the sixty-ninth.
Sev'en-ty, a.
n. Seven times ten.
Sev'er, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
separare.
See SEPARATE.] 1. To
separate. 2. To cut or break apart.
3. To keep distinct or apart.
4. To

&

part possession of.

v. i.
To be
parted or rent asunder.
SEV'ER-AL,a. [L.Lat. separalis. See
supra.]
1.
Separate
distinct.
2.
Diverse
different.
More than
3.
two, but not very many sundry.
SEV'ER-AL-LY, adv. Separately dis;

tinctly,

[tion.

Sev'ER-AE-TY,
Sev'er-ance,

n.

n.

Act of severing;

state of separa-

separation.

Se-vere',

a.

[-er;

severus.]

1.

Serious

manner.

2.

Very

methodical.
dured,

4.

SE-VERE'EY, adv.

-est.]

[Lat.
feeling or

in

strict.

3.

Rigidly

to be en[painfully.

Difficult

Rigidly strictly
Quality of being se;

Se-ver'I-ty, n.
vere extreme strictness rigor.
Sew (so), v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [A.-S.
siwian, seowian.] To unite with a
needle and thread.
v. i.
To prac;

Variation
lighter.
gree.

of color,

6.

minute

as darker or
difference de;

A screen.
v.t.
\-Jed;
-ing.] 1. To screen by intercepting
the light. 2. To protect to shelter.
3. To obscure.
4. To mark with
7-

gradations of light or color.

Shad'i-ness, n. State of being shady.
Shad'ow, v.
[A.-S. scadu.
Sec
Shade.] 1. Shade within defined
limits, representing the form of a
body. 2. Darkness
obscurity. 3.
Secluded retreat shelter. 4. Faint
representation hence, mystical representation
type.
5.
Phantom
mockery, v. t. [-ED; -ing.] 1.
To put in shade; to shade. 2. To
protect. 3. To represent faintly, imperfectly, or typically.
ShAd'ow-y, a. 1. Full of shade;
serving to shade. 2. Hence, dark
obscure; gloomy. -3. Faintly light.
4. Faintly representative
typical
unreal.
5^ Unsubstantial
;

n.

stanza of six lines.

SEX'TANT,

;.

Sex-till'ion

(-yun), n.

[Lat. sex,

According to the Eng. notanumber expressed by a unit

with 36 ciphers annexed according
to the Fr. notation, the number expressed by a unit with 21 ciphers annexed.

six.]

tion, the

Sex'to-dec'i-mo,

[Lat. sextus-

v.

decimus, Wie sixteenth.] A book, or

the size of a book, composed of
sheets folded so as to make sixteen
leaves, or thirty -two pages.
[Contr. fr. sacristan.]
n.
An under officer of a church, who
takes care of the vessels of the
church, digs graves, &c.
Sex'TON-SHYp, n. Office of a sexton.
Sex'tu-ple, a. [L. Lat. sextuplus.]
Six times as much sixfold.
Sex'u-al (sek'sbu-al), a. Pertaining
to, or distinguishing, sex.
SexOJ-al'j-ty (sek/shij-), n. State of
being distinguished by sex.
Shab, v. i. [-bed; -bing ] [See

SEX'TON,

SCAB, 3] To play mean tricks.

Shab'BI-LY, adv. Meanly; raggedly.
ShXb'bi-ness, n. Meanness; ragged-

Shad'y,

[-ER -est, 142.] Abound

ing with shade or shades.
a.

Shaft,
1.

The

n.
[A.-S.
cylindrical,

part of any thing.

sceaft,

scaft.]

column-shaped
An arrow a

2.

weapon. 3. The pole or one

of the thills of a carriage. 4. [Upper
Ger. scliaft, allied to Gr. o-k.6.o\, a
trench, a pit, crKanTeiv, to dig.] A
well-like entrance to a mine.
Shag, n. [A.-S. sceacga. a bush of
hair, that which is shaggy.]
1.
Coarse nap, or rough, woolly hair.
2. Cloth having a long, coarse nap.
missile

v. t. [-ged; -ging.] 1. To make

rough or hairy. 2. To deform.

Shag'GED,
Shag'gy,

or wool.

2.

[-ER; -EST, 142.]

la.

1.

Dough with long hair

Rough rugged.
Shag'ged-ness, In. State of being
;

Shag'gi-ness,
gy-

shagged or shag-

SHA-GREEN',

back of
a horse, leather of a horse s back.]
A kind of untanDed leather, grained
so as to be covered with small round
[Per. sagri,

n.

pimples.

Shah, n. [Per. shah.] The king of

ness.
Persia.
ShXb'by, a. [-ER -est, 142.] [Cf.
Shake, v. t. [shook; shaken;
Sew'age (sQ'ej, 45), n. 1. Contents
Scabby.] Poor; mean; ragged.
shaking.] [A.-S. scacan, sceacan.]
of a sewer. 2. Systematic arrange- Shack, . [See Shake.] 1. Grain
1. To cause to move with quick vifallen acorns.
2.
ment of sewers.
left after harvest
brations
to make to tremble
Sew'er (su'er), v. 1. [From A.-S.
to
A shiftless fellow.
agitate.
2. To cause to waver.
[Generally in the pi.]
3.
sihan, contr. sedn, to strain, filter, Shack'le,??.
To trill. v. i. To be agitated; to
descend.]
A drain to convey off
[A.-S. scacul, sceacul, fr. scacan, to
tice sewing.

water and

filth under ground.

2.
[From 0. Eng. sew, to follow, to
bring on and remove meat at table,

fr. Laf. sequi.] An upper

servant who set on and removed the
dishes at a feast.
Sew'er (so'er), n. One who sews.

Fr. suivre,

Sew'er-age

(su'er-, 45). n.

1.

Con-

struction of a sewer.
2. System of
sewers in a town.
3. Materials discharged by sewers.
Sex, n. [Lat. sexus.] 1. The physical difference

male.

2.

between male and

Womankind;

Sex'a-ge-na'ri-an,

n.

females.

the age of sixty years.

A, E,

I,

O, U, Y, long;

fe-

X,,

person of

A fetter gyve. 2. A
shake.]
1.
link for connecting railroad cars.
v.t. [-ed; -ING.] 1. To confine the
limbs of, so as to prevent free moto join by a link, as
tion
to fetter
railroad cars. 2. To impede.

Shad,

n. sing.

&

pi.

[Cf.

Skate.]

highly prized for food.

[Said to be so called
n.
fr. a Captain Shaddock.] A tree and
its fruit; a large species of orange.
Shade, n. [A.-S. scadu, scad, scead.]
1. Obscurity caused by interception
of the rays of light. 2. An obscure
or secluded place. 3. A shadow. 4.
A disembodied spirit a ghost. 5.
fish,

ShXd'dock,

1 3 6, U, Y, short,

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

tremble; to shiver; to quake.

n.
A wavering motion agitation. 2.
A fissure in timber, or in rock or

1.

earth.

3.

Shak'er,

Shale,

n.

or husk.]

(Mus.)

n.

1.

that shakes.
2.
sect of Christians.
[See
2.

trill.

person or thing
of a certain

One

Shell.]

1.

shell

fine-grained rock,

having a slaty structure.

SHALL,

v. '., auxiliary and defective,

[imp. SHOULD.]
[A.-S. seal, sceal,
I am obliged.] It is used to form
the future tense, and indicates a
duty or necessity whose obligation is
derived from the person speaking.

ERE, VIL, TfiRM PIQUE, FlRTC S6N,

;

SHALLOON
Shal-loon',

France.]

Shal'lop,

worsted

stuff.

[H. Ger. schahtppe,

schlupe, from schlvpfen, to glide.] A
large boat with two masts.
n.

Shal'low,

a
[-ER;-EST.]

shoal;

[From

n.
flat;

shelf,

2.]

sand-bank.

A
a.

Having little depth;

1.

shoal. _ 2. Ignorant; superficial.

Ghal'low-ness, n. State of being

shallow

want of depth.

SHAM,

a.
[Of. Icel. skammr, 0. H.
Ger. scamm, short. Cf. also Shame.]
False; counterfeit.
n. [See infra.]
Any trick or device that deludes and
disappoints.
-MING.]
v. t. [-med
to cheat.
2. To imiI. To trick
tate
to ape.
To make false
v. i.
pretenses.
Sham'ble, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Cf.
0. D. schampelen, to slip. Cf. SCAM;

To walk awkwardly and un-

ble.]
steadily

to shuffle along.
n. pi.
[A.-S. scamol,
scamul,scamel, a bench, foi-m, stool.]
Place where butcher's meat is sold.
Shame, n. [A.-S. sca?nu, sceamu.]
;

Sham'bles;,

painful sensation excited by a

consciousness of guilt, or of having
done something which injures reputation.
2.
Reproach incurred or
suffered. 3. Cause of shame.
v.t.
1.

[-ed
2.

-ing."!

1.

To dishonor

Shame'faced

To make ashamed.
to disgrace.
a.
steadfast.]

(-fast),

shatnefast, like

[Orig.

Easily

confused; bashful.

SHAME'FUL,

Bringing shame
Raising shame in
[manner.
Shame'ful-ly, adv. In a shameful
Shame'less, a. Destitute of shame.
Shame'less-ly, adv. Iu a shameless manner
without shame.
a.

or disgrace.
others.

1.

2.

ment of an earthen vessel, &c.

Hard wing-case of a beetle.

Share,

n.

esteemed for

neck and shoulders.

A woman; used

2.

noun.

Sheaf

[A.-S. sed, heo.] 1. This or

that female.
as a

calamus, a reedof music.

[Lat.

n.

A wind instrument

pipe.]

She, pron.

n.

SHAWM,

[A.-S. scearu, scaru.]

portion
a part. 3. The part
v. t.
allotted or belonging to one.
[-ED
-ING.
[A.-S. seer ian, from
To part
sceran, to shear, cut. J
v.
among two or more to divide.
i. To have part.
Share'-hold'er, n. One who holds
a, share in a joint property.
Shar'ER, n. One who shares.
Shark, n. [Gr. Kapxapias, fr. K&pxa-1.
pos, with sharp or jagged teeth.]

[Per. and Turk, shal.] A

cloth, used as a loose covering for the

scear.]

2.

(149), n.

&c, bound

wheat, rye, or oats,

gether.

Shear,
or

v.

v.

t.

shorn

to-

i.
To make sheaves.
[sheared sheared,
;

shearing.]

with shears or scissors.

from a surface.

voracious cartilaginous fish. 2. A

v.t.
To
rapacious, artful lellow.
pick up hastily, slyly, or in small
[-EB; -INS.] 1.
quantities.
v.i.
To swindle. 2. To live by shifts and
stratagems.
[ing.

fr. scuStalks of

[A.-S. scedf,

fan, sceofan, to shove.]

1.
2.

To cut
To clip

Shears, n. pi. 1. A cutting instrument "consisting of two blades, movable on a pin.

2. Any thing in the
form of shears esp. an apparatus
;

heavy weigh tc.

for raising

Shear'-steel,

Steel suitable for

n.

Shark'EK, n. One who lives by sharkshears, scythes, &c.

Sharp, a. [-ER; -EST.] [A.-S. srearp, Sheath, n. [A.-S.

sesedh. sceadh,
prob. fr. Skr. tshid, to cover.] 1. A
case for a sword a scabbard. 2. Any
thin covering for protection.
Sheathe, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
put into a case or scabbard. 2. To
furnish with a sheath.
3. To case
with boards or sheets of copper. 4.
To cover or line.
SHEAT'ING, n. Covering of a ship's
bottom and sides, or materials for
such covering.
Sheave, n. [0. D. schijve, orb, disk,
wheel.]
Awheel in a block, yard,
&c, on which a rope works.

1. Having a
the root of shear.]
thin edge or fine point. 2. Affecting
the senses as if pointed or cutting.

fr.

(Mus.) (a.) High in pitch, (b.)

Raised a semitone in pitch. 4. Cutting in language or import.
5. Eager in pursuit. 6. Violent impetuous.
dull.
7. Of keen perception
8. Whispered, as certain consonants.
(Mus.) (a.) A note raised a
n.
semitone above its proper pitch, (b.)
The character [#] which directs that
[-ED
a note be thus raised.
v. t.
-ING.] 1. To sharpen. 2. To raise
a semitone above the natural tone.
Sharp'en (sharp'n). v. t.
[-ed
-ING.] To make sharp
to give a
keen edge or fine point to to render
3.

Shed,

[ing bargaius.
shrewd man in makKeenly; severely.

acute.

Quality of being

sharp, in any of

its

v.

shedding.]

[shed;

t.

[A.-S. sceddan.]
1. To throw off or
give forth from one's self; to emit.
2. To cause to flow off without penetrating.
v. i. To let fall the parts.
n.
[Sw. skydd, a defense. Cf.
Shade.] A slight or temporary outbuilding a hut.
Shed'der, n. One who sheds.
Sheen, i a.
[A.-S. seine, scene,
Sheen'y, \
bright, splendid.
See

Sharp'er, n. A
Shame'less-ness, n. Impudence.
Sharp'LY, adv.
Sham'my, n. [See Chamois.] A Sharp'ness. n.

much

Shawl,

2.

Broad blade of a plow which cuts the

ground.

kind of leather

scar,

[A.-S.

1.

SHEET

389

[From Chalons, in

n.

senses.

Eager in appetite;
Sharp'- set, a.
and pliancy.
Sham-poo',i'J. [-ed;-ing.] [Hind.
ravenous. _
[marksman.
tsliampna, to press, to squeeze.] To Sharp'-shoot'er, n.
A skillful
Shine.] Bright; glittering showy.
rub and manipulate the body or head Sharp'-sight'ed (-shVed), a. Having Sheen, n. Brightness; splendor.
its softness

connection with the hot bath.

SHAM'ROCK, n. [Ir. seamrog.] White
trefoil
white clover.
Shank, n. [A.-S. scanc, scfanc] 1.
Joint of the leg from the knee to the
foot
sometimes the bone of the leg.
2. Corresponding part of an instrument, tool, or other thing.
of, in

Sheep,

acute sight.

SHARP'WTT'TEDja. Having an acute,

i'. .

scateran.]

1.

many

pieces.
range.
v. i.

sceap.]

[A.-S.

pi.

scsep,

small woolly quadruped.

Sheep'-6t,
n.
A small incloSheep'-fold,
sure for sheep.
Sheep'ish, a. Like a sheep bashful.
Sheep'ish-ness, n. Excessive mod-

discerning mind.

Shat'ter,

&

n. sing.
I

[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.

To break at once into

2. To disorder
to deTo be broken into

fragments. n.

broken piece

esty or diffidence.
I

Sheep"s'-e_ye

(-1),

n.

[ing look.
diffident lov-

generally in the plural.

Shan'TY, n. [Ir. sean, old, and tig,
[pieces. Sheep'-shear'er.
n.
One who
a house.] A mean dwelling.
Shat'ter-y, a. Easily breaking to
shears the wool from sheep.
Shape, v. t. [shaped; shaping.] Shave, v. t. [-ed; -ed, or -en; Sheep'-skin, n. Skin of a sheep, or
[A.-S. scapan, sceapan.] 1- To form
-ING.] [A.-S. scafdn.] 1. To cut or
leather prepared from it.
to make. 2. To regulate
to adjust.
pare off. 2. To make bare by cutting Sheep'-walk (-wawk), n. Pasture
n. Charoff.
for sheep."
3. To image
to conceive.
3 To strip to fleece.
n.
1.
I

SHAPE>LY,a. [-er; -est, 142.] Symmetrical; well-formed.

n.
[A.-S. sceard, fr. sceran,
to shear, cut.]
1.
piece or frag-

o.-x,

do,

wolf, too, to'ok;

ttRN,

Operation of shaving. 2. Exorbitant

discount on a note, &c. for cash in
hand. 3. A tool for shaving wood.
Shave'ling, n.
A man shaved;
hence, a monk.
,

Shav'er,

n.

cheat.

tle fellow.

SHARD,

acter or construction of a thing as

determining its external appearance.
Shape'less, a. Destitute of shape
or regular form.
Shape'less-ness, n. State of being
shapeless.

Shav'ING,
surface.

rue, pull

3.

2.

s,

1.

One who shaves.

plunderer. 4. A

2.
lit-

[Colloq.]
n.
1. Act of paring the

I,

thin slice pared

o, silent

clear.

[A.-S. sclr, scyr.] 1. Pure;

a.

Simple; mere.

2.

t3,

3.

Clear;

thin. 4. Perpendicular.
v. i. [-ED;
-ING.] [See Shear, the sense of
which is, to separate.] To deviate
to turn aside.
n.
Longitudinal
curve of a ship's sides.
Sheet, n. 1. [A.-S. seete ; sceotan, to
shoot, extend.] Any broad, uninter-

rupted expanse;

off.

c, g, soft;

Sheer,

g, hard; As

E^isT

specifically, (a.)
j

NasN&;

this.

SHEET-ANCHOR

SHIRE

390

broad piece of cloth for a bed.

(b.)
or county, tp whom is intrusted the
execution of the laws.
A broad piece of paper, (c.) pi. A
Office or jurisbook or pamphlet.
2. A rope fast- Sher'iff-al-ty, n.
diction of sheriff.
ened to the lower corner of a sail.
SllEET'-ANH'OR, n. [0. Eng. shoot- Sher'ry, n. A strong wine of a deep
from Xeres, in Spain.
anchor.] 1. The largest anchor of a
amber color
ship.
2. Chief support
last refuge
;

for safety.

Siif.et'ing, n.

&nLiK,

Shewn (sion),

Cloth for sheets.

Ar. sheik/i, shaykh, a venerable old man, a chief] A chief;

n.

among the Arabians and Moors.

[Heb., fr. chaAn ancient coin

the Jews, in value equal to
about 624 cents.

Siiek'-EL (shek'l), n.
to weigh.]

kal,

among

Shelf

(149), n.

[A.-S. scelfe.]

An

1.

elevated board, to lay things on. 2.

A sand-bank in the sea, or a dangerous rock under the water.
Shelf'y, a. Full of dangerous shallows.

Shell,

See Scale.]
esp. that
serving as the natural protection of
certain fruits and animals also, the
covering of an egg. 2. A bomb. 3.
Any frame-work or incomplete exterior structure.
4. pL Husks of the
cacao-nut, used as a substitute for
chocolate, &c. -v. i.
[-ED -ING.]
1. To strip off the shell of
or, to
take out of the she'll:
2. To separate from the ear.
H. To bombard.
v. i.
To fall off, as a crust or ex-

1.

n.

[A.-S. scell.

hard outside covering

terior coat.

SHEL'LAO,
Shell'-la,

n.

The

resin lac spread

into thin plates, after

being melted and strained.

SHELL'-FISH, n. An aquatic animal,
whose external covering consists of

word by which the Ephraimites were

distinguished from the Gileadites.
See Judges, xi. and xii. 2. Some peculiarity which distinguishes one
pajty from another.

Shield,

n.
[A.-S. scild, scyld, from
skyla, to cover, defend.] 1. A broad
piece of defensive armor, carried on

the arm.
2. Any thing resembling
such a piece of armor. 3. Defense
protection.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] To
cover as with a shield to protect.
Slli'FT, v. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
[A.-S.

of

shells,

or

One who

protects.
v.t.

protected.

3.

To cover from harm or

To betake to a safe place.

-ING.]

1.

2.

i.

To

ShIn'y, a. [-ER -EST, 142.] Bright

luminous.
Ship, n. [A.-S. sap. Cf. Gr. a-icafa,
a boat, from cruaineiv, to scoop out.]
Any large sea-going vessel, esp. one
with three masts, and square rigged.
;

^SSh^^S-UEJ-*^ at

sciftan, to divide, declare, appoint,

decline, drive away.] 1.

to alter.
2. To transfer.

To change

3. To put
out of the way.
v.i. 1. To
change about
to move.
2.
To
change one s under garments. 3.
To resort to expedients for accomplishing a purpose.
n.
1. A turning from one thing to another hence,
an expedient tried in difficulty. 2.
Fraud artifice. 3. A chemise.

off or

Shift'er, n. One who shifts.

Shift'LESS, a. Characterized by failure to us=e means requisite for success.
SHIFT'LESS-NESS, n. A state of being

p,

Ground Plan of
prow ', larboard
;

a Ship.
or port

An oaken

n.

cudgel,

An

scillan, to sound.] 1.
English
silver coin, equal to twelve pence, or
about 24 cents. 2. In New York,
one eighth of a dollar, or 12 cents ;
in New England, one sixth of a dola term in trade.
lar, or lfi| cents
SHIM'MER,V. 7. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
;

[ter.

Shel'TER-LESS, a. Destitute of shelShel'tie,. A Shetland pony.

Shelve, v.t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To

scimerian, from sclmian, sciman, to

to gleam
glitter.] To shine faintly
to glimmer.

furnish with shelves. 2. To place on

a shelf; hence, to put or thrust aside.
v.i.
To be sloping.
Shelv'y, a. Full of rocks or sandbanks shallow.
SHEP'HERD (shep'erd),n. [From sheep
and herd.] 1. A man who tends and
guards sheep. 2. A rural lover.

star-

s,

round-house 2, tiller; 8, gra<>, binting; 4, wheel

5, wheel-chains
!),
nacle
8, skylight
7, mizzen-mast
capstan 10, main-mast 11, pumps; 12,
board

1,

14,

windlass

hatchwny

galley or caboose
;

main hatchway

13,

;
15, fore-mast ; Hi, fore17, bitts ; 18, bowsprit; 19,
bows ; 22,
;
24, miz;

head-rail ; 20, boomkins

21,
fore-chains ; 23, main-chains
zen-chains.

v.t.

[-PED -PING.] 1. To put

on board of a vessel of any kind for
;

transportation

hence, to get rid

of.

To engage for service on board of

a ship. 3. To fix any thing in its
2.

fr

2.

injury.

v.

take shelter.

[ship.

State of being

[-ED

Syn.
Brilliant; sparkling.
Shininn
describes the emission of a strong light
from a ciear or polished surface, ttril:
Hunt denotes a shining of great brightness, but with gleams or flashes. Sjmrkling implies a shining intensely from
radiant points or sparks, by which the
eye is dazzled.

Shil-la'ly,
said to be from a
place._
wood in Ireland of that name.
SHlP'BOARD, adv.
ShTL'ling, ii. [A.-S. stilling, prob. Ship'-chan'dler,

adorned with

them
Shell'y, a. Abounding with shells.
Shel'ter, n.
[See Shield.]
1.
That which covers or defends.

which spreads around the body.

v.t. [-ed;-1ng.] 1. To cover with
shingles.
2. To cut, as hair, so that
one portion overlaps another.
SHIN'ING, p. a. 1. Bright; radiant.
2. Illustrious
distinguished.

Work com- Shil-la'lah,

(-wGrk),?i.

coast*

[Lat. cingulum, a girdle, from

cineere, to gird.]
A kind of herpes,

3. pi.

shiftless.

shell.

Shell'-work
posed

id, Shown.

The use

of shew (shu) for shewed

or showed, is a gross vulgarism.
SllIB'BO-LETH, n.
[Iieb. shibboleth,
ear of corn, a stream, a flood.] 1. A
133$-

and pebbles, on shores and

n.

glimmering.

On
n.

or within a

O.je

who

deals

in cordage, canvas, &c.

v.
One who serves

Ship'mate,

on
board of the same ship.
1. Act of shipping;
That which is
2.

Slli'P'MENT, n.
embarkation.
shipped.

Ship'-m6n / ey,

n.

(Eng. Hist.)

An

imposition formerly charged on the

ports, towns, &c, for providing certain ships for the king's service.
Ship'per, n. One who places goods
on board a ship for transportation.
Collective body of
SHie'PiNG, 11.
ships
tonnage.
SHIP'-SUAPE. adv. In a seaman-like

SHIN, n. [A.-S. scinu, Ger. schiene.]

Fore part of the leg between the anv. t.
To climb
kle and the knee.
by the aid of the hands and legs
[Colloq.
Amer.]
alone.
manner; hem e, properly.
SHiN'DY,n. A spree a row a riot.
[shone, sometimes ShTp'wreci: (-rek),w. 1. Destruction
Shine, v. i.
SHINED SHINING.] [A.-S. schwn,
of a vessel by being driven against
3he'herd-ess (shep'erd-), n. A worocks or shoals, &c. 2. A ship deIcel. skinn.] 1. To emit rays of light.
man that tends sheep.
3. Total de3. To
2. To be lively and animated.
stroyed oil the water
Sheu'bet, n. [Ar. sherbet, prop, one
1.
[-ED; -ING.]
1.
v. t.
n.
struction.
be eminent or conspicuous.
drink or sip, from shariba, to drink.]
Fair weather. 2. Brightness; splenTo destroy by natural violence, as a
A drink, composed of water, lemonship at sea. 2. To expose to destruc
dor luster. 3. A liking for a perjuice, and sugar, with some drops of
[Colloq.]
son.
tion by the loss of a ship.
rose-water.
Shin'gle (shing/gl). n.
[0. Eng. Sh'i'p'wright (-rlt), 77. One -whose oc

Sherd,
srir,

1,

n.

fragment.

See

Shard.

[A.-S. seir-gerefa,

shindig, Lat. scin<lula,i\.scindere, to

from

a shire, and gerefa, a

The chief officer of a shire

scire,

reeve.]

A, E,

n.

SHER'IFF,

o,v,Y, long; X,i3jl,6 t, Y,

}

cupation

is

to construct ships.

split.i
Shire, or Shire, n. [A.-S. scire, scir
1, A piece of wood with one
fr. sciran, sceran, to cut off, divide
end thinner than the other, used in

covering roofs, &c.

short;

2.

Loose gravel

1.

A territorial division, usually idei

CARE, FAR, Ask; ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; sot

SHIRE-TOWN
with a county.
[Amer.]

tical

[Eng.]

A Shoe'-Mak'er,

2.

Capital

town

Shirk (IS),

[-ed;"-ing.]

t.

Shone,

or

imp.

&

ders pastry short or friable.

Short'-hand,

n.

Sho'ok, imp. of Shake.

[Cf.
method of writing
n.
to
Prov. Eng. shook, split, as wood is Short'-liv^b, a.

[Cf. 0. Ger. sckirren,

a.

ShSne,

to the

[Shine.
p. p. of

a shoe to the foot.

[Cf.

Shark.] To avoid or get otf from.

n. One who seeks to avoid duty.

ShIrrbd,

-ING J To make short or shorter.

v. i. To become short or shorter.
Sh6rt'.en-ing, n. 1. A making or
becoming short. 2. That which renfasten
[feet.

Sho'er, n. One who fits shoes

SHOE'-STRING, n. A string to

n.

of a county.

v.

One who makes

n.

shoes.

Shire '-town,

or

SHOVEL

391

count}*.

Shire'-towx,

by shrinking.]

prepare.] Having lines or cords inserted between two pieces of cloth.

ShIrt (IS), n. [Prob. fr. tbe root of
short. Cf. Skirt.] A loose garment

1.

Shoot,

2.

A set Short'ly,

ward.
5. To pass rapidly through
or under.
1. To perform the
v. i.
act of discharging with force. 2. To
be shot or propelled forcibly. 3. To
be felt-, as if darting through one. 4.

A little

piece or fragment.
a. [Cf. Shive.] 1. A small
fragment made by sudden breaking.
thin
slice. 3. A shaking, caused
2. A
by cold, pain, or fear, &c.
v. I.
[Ger. sehiefern, to
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To dash to
shiver, to scale.]
2. To cause to
pieces by a blow.
v. i.
shake in the wind, as saiis.
[Cf. 0. D. sci'weveren.] 1. To quake
2. To quiver from cold.
to tremble.
3. To fall at once into many small

Shiv'er,

to sprout. 5. To make proto advance. 6. To overspread.

n.
1. Act
to project.
of propelling any thing with vioyoung branch.
lence discharge. 2.
An inclined plane,
3. [Fr. chute.]
down which timber, coal, &c, are

To bud

gress
7.

To jut

time or manner briefly.

n.
Quality of being
short brevity conciseness limited
extent deficiency.
SHORT'-siGiiT / EH(-sit/ed), a. 1. Not
able to see far
near-sighted. 2.
Of limited forecast or intellect. 3.
Having little care for the future.

SlloRT'NESS,
;

Short'-waist'ed,

a.
Short from
the armpits to the waist, or from the
shoulder to the commencement of
the skirt.
ShOrt'-wind'ed, a. Affected with
shortness of breath.
SHOT. imp. & p. p. of Shoot.
n. ; pi.

shot,

or

living

In a short or brief

adv.
;

[shot shooting.]
v. t.
[A.-S. sceotan, scotian; Skr. tskud,
to send.] 1. To let fiy with force, as
an arrow or bullet. 2. To hit with
a missile. 3. To discharge to emit;
to hurl.
4. To push or thrust for-

v. t.
worn by men next the body.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To cover, as with
a shirt. 2. To change the shirt of.
Shirt'ing, n. Cloth lor shirts.
Shive, a. [Icel. ski/a, from skifa, to
spht.
Cf. Sheave.] 1. A slice. 2.

Not

lasting long.

of staves

set

one cask or barrel, &c.

of_boards for a sugar-box.

for

compendious

stenography.

or

shots.

Act of shooting.
let.

Shoot.]

[See

2.

1.

ball or bul-

Small globular masses of

3.

lead, for shooting.

Distance

4.

to

caused to slide. [Amer.]

which a missile weapon flies. 5. A
Shoot'er,?). 1. One who shoots. 2.
marksman. G. [See SCOT.] Share;
That which shoots, as a fire-arm.
reckoning.
[-TED -TING.]
SHiv'ER-V. a. 1. Trembling. 2. Easily
v. t.
Shop, n.
[A.-S. sceoppa, treasury,
To load with shot over a cartridge.
falling into many pieces.
storehouse.] A building for mechan- Seiote, n.
[A.-S. sc.eota, fr. sceotan,
Shoal, n. [A.-S. scClu. scedlu, a school,
to shoot.]
ical work or for retailing goods,
1. A fish resembling the
companv, crowd.] 1. A multitude,
2. [Cf. Shelf, Shaltrout. 2. A young hog.
wares, &c v. i. [-fed -ping.] To
esp. offish.
v. i.
visit shops for purchasing goods.
SHOT'-FREE, a. Exempted from any
low.] A sand-bank, or bar.
1. To assemble in a Shop'-keep'er, n.
A trader who
share of expense scot-free.
[-ED: -ing.]
Shot'TL'n, a. [From shoot.] Havsells goods in a shop.
multitude. 2. To become more shaling ejected the spawn.
low. a.
One who steals
Of little depth shallow. Shop'-lift'er, n.
any thing in a shop.
SHOAL'V, a. Full of shoals.
Shotten herring, a gutted herring dried
pieces.

SHOCK,

[Allied to shake.]

n.
collision.

A blow

2.

au

A Shop'man

1.

offense.

er

3.

[Ger. schock, a heap, quantity, score,

A pile of sheaves of
threescore.]
violent agiwheat or rye, &c. 4.
tation of any organ, or of the nerA
5. [From shag.]
vous system.
dog with long hair. 6. A thick mass

Shore,

of short hair.
Concussion.
Sy.v.

Shorl,
Short,

shock

disgust.

3.

To

To

ror

a.

strike

7.

brittle

of vowels as distinguished from the

same when havi'tg the "long"
sound as, a in bat, o in not, &c.
n. 1. A summary account. 2. pi.
Part of ground grain sifted out which
is next finer than the bran.
adv.
In a short manner.

Short'-breathjsd

To furnish with

(-bretht),

a.

Having short breath.

|

at the bottom.
cleans
blacks shoes or boots.

shoes.

2.

To cover

Shoe'-blaCK,
and

6r, do,

;*.

One who

wqlf. toOjTOOU.

Shoul'der-blade,

Short' cosi'ino,

n.

or coming short.
(short / n),

Short'N

urn, rue, pull; e,

i,

Act of

failing

The

it.

(-not), n.

t.

[-ED;

o, silent; ^,G,soft;

An

or-

namental knot worn on the shoulder.

n.

&

(Mil.

Na-

A narrow strap worn on the

shoulder of a commissioned officer,
indicating the rank he holds.
Shout, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Perh.
a contraction fr. shoot out.] To utter
a sudden and loud outcry.
v. I.
To utter with a shout.
n.
A veval.)

hement and sudden outcrv.

Shove,

v. t.
[-ed -ing.]
[A.-S.
sceofan, schfan.] To drive along by
pressing to push.
v. i. 1. To push
or drive forward. 2. To push off.-
n.
Act of shoving ; a push.
;

JShov'L
v.

flat

bone of the shoulder.

SHOUL'DER-STRAP,

crisp

tearing into fibers woolen rags, &c.

SHOE (shO>), n. [A.-S. scOh, sco, sceo.]
A covering for the foot, usually of
leather also, any thing resembiin;
v. t. [SHOD
a shoe in form or use.

Breaking readily
prolonged

shock

SHOUL'DER-KNOT

friable.

to

Sh3d, imp. & p. p. of Shoe.

Shod'dy, n. A material obtained by

1.

8.

11. Pronounced with a less

utterance, and with a
somewhat slenderer sound
said

Striking, as with hor-

140.]

Not tenacious, as memory.

n.
A kind of shaggy
a shock.
(shobd), imp. of Shall.
SHOUL'DER, h. [A.-S. sruldor, prob.
fr. Icel. skyla, to cover, defend.]
1.
Joint by which the human arm, or
the fore leg of a quadruped, is connected with the body. 2. The upper part of the back. 3. Support.
4. That which resembles a human
-ING.] 1.
shoulder, v. 1. [-ED
To push with the shoulder. 2. To
take upon the shoulder.

dog

Should

Less important, efficacious, or powerful.

9.
Abrupt
petulant.
10.
;

extremely offensive.

Shock'ing-ly, adv. In a manner

SHOEING,

offend
to
collect, into shocks,

Black

in space. 2. Notextendedin
time. 3. Limited in quantity scanty.
4. Insufficiently provided.
5. Deficient defective.
6. Near at hand.

as sheaves.

Shock'IXG,

Schorl.]

[See

Not long

1.

n.

a. [-er
-est.] [A.-S. scori,
sceorl, prob. fr. the root of shear.] 1.

is lit-

To

[tourmaline.

prop.

[-ED: -ING.]
t.
2.
against suddenly.

for keeping.
A shop-keepA salesman.
Shough (shok),

a
erally a violent shake or agitation
concussion is a shaking of things together. A shock may affect the body or
a concussion properly affects
the mind
only the hody or material objects as, a
concussion of the brain.

v.

1.
2.

n.
1. [A.-S. score, fr. sccran,
to shear, divide.] Coast adjacent to
a large body of water. 2. [D. sclwor.]
prop or support.
[-ED;
v. t.
-ING.]
To support by a post
to

(150), n.

a tradesman.

(shuv'l), n.
[A.-S.
sceofl,fr. sceofan, to shove.]

e,&,hard; As; e^cist;

nosng;

sroj,

Aninthis.

SHOW
shovel.

To exhibit

v.

to view.

Appearance.

i.

ShrImp,

scrimman,

to dry,
long-tailed,

[A.-S.

n.

dry up, wither.] 1. A

decapod crustacean. 2. A dwarf;
in contempt.
Shrine, n. [From 0. Eng. serine, fr.
Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for

That which is shown.

2.

schrill.]

2. To teach
3. To
to point out to.
usher or guide. 4. To prove; to
to afford.
explain.
5. To confer
n.
1.
To appear; to seem.
v. i.
;

[From

[-ER -EST.]
[L. Ger.
Sharp piercing, as sound.
[-ED; -ING.] To utter an
acute, piercing sound.
Shrill'ness, n. State of being shrill.
SHRJLL'LY, adv. In a shrill manner.

[-ed; -n, or -ed;

[A.-S. scawian, sceawian,
1.

to a
bird.

[cious European
shriek.]
rapa-

priest.

Shrike, n.
SHRILL, a.

t.

1NG.1
to loop", see.]

made

Confession

to shrive.]

s.

SICK

392

Btruiwat to move loose substances.

- c. i [-ED, -ING or -LED, -LING,
13 J.] To take up or move with a

Sh5w,

Ostentatious display. 4. Semblance; likeness. 5. Pretext.

SllOW-BREAD, n. {Jewish Antiq.)
Loaves of bread, representing the
twelve tribes, placed on the golden
table in the sanctuary.
Show'er, n. One who shows.
3.

books, papers, &c] 1. A case or box

for sacred relics.
2. Hence, any sacred or hallowed place an altar
a place of worship.
;

Shower, n. [A.-S. sntr, sceor.] 1. Shrink, v. i. [shrunk: shrank,

shrunken; shrinking.] [A.-S.
A fall of rain of short duration. 2.
scrincan.] 1. To shrivel
A copious supply bestowed. v.
.to cont.

tract to dry up.

2. To recoil, as
v. t. To
in fear, horror, or distress.
cause to contract.
n. Contraction

[-ED; -ING.] 1. To wet copiously

with rain. 2. To bestow liberally.
v. i.
To rain in showers.
Show'er-bXth, n. A barhin which
water is showered upon the person,
by some contrivance, from above.
SHOWER-Y, a. Raining in, or subject to, showers.

fner.

SlIOWl-LY, adv.

In a showy man-

[less

recoil.

compass.

Shrink'age, n. Contraction into a

Shrive, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
scrifan.] 1. To hear or receive the

confession of;
said of a priest. 2.
To confess
used reflexively.
SHRIVEL. (shriVl). v. i. [Cf. Icel.
skrifl, a thing torn, and Eng. ruffle.]
To draw, or be drawn, into wrinkles.
;

ShoWI-ness,

n.
Quality or state of
being showy.
a.
[-ER; -est, 142.] Making a show; attracting attention.
ShrXnk, imp. of Shrink.

Showy,

V.t.
137.]

[-ED, -ING or -LED, -LING,

To cause to shrink or contract.
;

Shred, v. t.
[shred
shred- Shroud, n.
[A.-S.
ding] [A.-S. screddian.] To cut
scrud,
a garment,
or tear into narrow and long pieces.
n. 1. A long, narrow piece cut or
torn off. 2. A fragment.
Shrew (shrij), n. [Prop, a brawler,
from L. Ger. schrauen, to bawl.] A
brawling, turbulent woman a scold.
Shrewd (shrijd), a. [-er; -est.]
[Orig. the p. p. of skreiv.]
1. Astute penetrating. 2. Involving or
displaying a sagacious judgment.

shroud.]

ers, like a shroud. 3.

pi.
set of ropes

winding-sheet.

a shroud

(shrud/-). n.

Shrewish
shrew

(shru/ish),
peevish.

Shrew'ISH-ly
vishly

SHRUB, n.

Quality
astute-

with

v.

i.

Shrug,

cry.

A, E,

I,

n.

[A.-S. scrift, fr. scrifan,

6,u, Y,long,-

&3 &

l3

[A.-S.
scytlan, scittan, to shut or lock up.]
to contract.
2. To
1.
To close
close so as to hinder ingress or
egress.
3. To prohibit
to bar.
v. i.
To close itself; to become
Having the sound
closed.
p. a.
;

t.

1.

Resembling a

[-ged; -ging.] [Allied

To draw up esp. by

suddenly interrupted by a succeeding consonant, as the o in hop.

n.
1. One who shuts. 2.
close cover for a window.
n.
[A.-S. sceatel from
sceotan, to shoot.] An instrument
for passing the thread in weaving.
Shut'tle-ock, \ n. A cork stuck
Shut'tle-cork, ) with feathers,
used to be struck by a battledoor in
play also, the play itself.
Shy,. [-er: -EST.] [A.-S. sreoh, 0.
H. Ger. sciulian, to shun, be shy.] 1.
Sensitively timid reserved. 2. Easily

Shut'ter,

frightened.
wary.
3. Cautious
Syu. Coy.
Coy has reference to
that reserve with which a delicate female
shrinks from the other sex; s/n/ness is a
characteristic of sensitive minds, leading them to avoid society from the pain
it

6,u,,short; CARE, far, ask, ALL,

gives

v.i.

them

meet

to

others.

[-ed;-ing.] To

denly aside, as

if

little

start sudfrightened.

Shy'ly, adv. In a shy or timid man[being shy.

ner,

Shy'ness,
SlB'I-LANT,

Quality or state of
[Lat. sibilant.] Mak-

n.
a.

ing, or uttered with, a hissing sound.

A letter uttered with a hissing
of the voice, as s and z.
SlB'l-LA'TION, n. Utterance with a

n.

hissing sound also, the sound itself.

SlB'YL, n. [Lat. sibylla, Gr. crt'/SvAAa,
a prophetess, prop, she that tells rho
;

will of Jupiter, fr. Doric 2ids /SoAAa,

counsel of Zeus, or Jupitei\] 1. A
pagan prophetess. 2. A iemale for-

shoulders, as in expressing dread or

A drawing up of the
n.
shoulders, as in dislike or doubt.
Shrunken, p. p. of Shrink.
Shuck, n. [Allied to Ger. schote, a
A shell a husk or
husk, shell.]
pod esp., the covering of a nut

doubt.

[See
utter
n. A

sharp, shrill outcry or scream.

Shriev'al-ty, n. [Contracted from
sheriffalty.]
Office of a sheriff.

ShrIft,

v.

to shrink.]

shrill

2.

Snvr,v.t. [shut; shutting.]

way of expressing dislike or doubt,

&c.
v. i.
To raise or draw up the

[shrubs.
of

spirit.

Full of shrubs.

(shni'ish-), n. State

Screak and Screech.] To

a loud, sharp,

[A.-S. srrob, scrobb.]

shrub.

petulance.
[-ed -ing.]

scunian, sceonian.]
Co avoid; to
get out of the way of; to negiect.
Shunt, v. t. or i. [-ed; -ing.] [See
Shun.] To turn off to one side, as a
railway carriage upon a side track to
switch off.
n. [D. sc/niinte, slopeness, declivity, or contr. fr. shun it.]
A turn off to a side or short rail.

Shrub'eer-y, n.
A collection
ShrDb'by, a. [-er; -est, 142.]

n.
One who shuffles.
[-NED; -NING.] [A.-S.

S,HVN,V.t.

cover, as with

woody plant of a size less than a

tree. 2. [See Sirup and Sherbet.]
A liquor composed of acid and sugar,

petulantly.

of being shrewish

Shuf'fler,

to veil.

1.

1.

an

Saga-

Like

artifice.

\n. The Tuesday precedI

so called
ing the first day of Lent
because formerly the priests shrove,
or shrived, the people on this day.

(shru'ish-), adv. Pee-

ShreWjsh-ness
Shriek,

a.

To

slovenly, dragging manner.

n.
Act of shuffling. 2. An evasion

Shrouds,

Shrove'-Tues/day,

cious.

2.

Shrove '-tide,

against the selfishness of others. It is

not, therefore, a word of as much dignity as sagucious, which leads us to
think of a man as possessing a comprehensive as well as penetrating mind,
whereas shrewd does not. See Saga-

or state of being shrewd

ness; sagacity.

Syn. Sagacious. One who is shrewd

is keen to detect errors, to penetrate
false disguises, to foresee and guard

ciously

i.
[-ed; -ing.] [O.D.
schudderen, from D. schudden, to
shake.] To tremble or* shake with
fear, horror, or aversion
to quake.
n. A shaking with fear a tremor.
Shuf'fle, v. l. [-ED; -ing.] [Dim.
of shove.] To mix by pushing or
shoving, as cards in the pack.
v. i.
1. To change the relative position
of cards in a pack. 2. To practice
shifts to elude detection.
3. To use
arts or expedients.
4. To move in a

v.

reaching from the

mast-heads to the
sides of a vessel.
[-ED
v. t.
-ING.]
1.
To inclose in a

(shnjdTy), adv.
with good guess.

wind-

ing-sheet.
2. That
which clothes or cov-

Shrewd'ly

1.

Shud'der,

Shut'tle,

Shrewd'ness

tune-teUer.

Relating to the siba.

uttered or composed by sibyls.

Sib'yl-line
yls

[From Lat. sex, six.J

n.
Six at dice.
[-er;
[A.-S. syc,
-est.]
a.
Sick,
side.]
1. Affected with, or attended
Sice

WHAT; ERE,

(sTz).

VEIL, tri.1 Pi'QUE fTrm

;

s6n

SICKEN
by, nausea. 2. Having a strong dis3. Affected with any disease.

like.

Syx.

SiCK'^N,
sick

See III.

v.

[-ED

t.

by, a sieve.

arate by, or as if
analyze hence, to scrutinize.
One who, or that which,
;

To make

-ING.]

v.

i.

sifts

oICK'ish, a. 1. Somewhat sick. 2.

Nauseating; nauseous.
[sickish.
SIck'ish-ness, n. Quality of being
[A.-S. sicol, sicel,
Lat. secula, from secare, to cut.]
hooked instrument for cutting grain.
SIck'li-ness, n. State of being sickuu healthiness.
ly
[-ER; -est, 142.]
1.
SlCK'LY, a.
Somewhat sick; disposed to illness.
2. Producing or tending to disease.
(sik'l), n.

Appearing as if sick.
SlCK'NESS, n. 1. State of being
3.

sick.

disease; especially, nausea.

Side, n. [A. -3. side, fr. sidan, to be
2.

extended.] 1. Edge, or border of a

surface especially one of the longer
edges. 2. One of the surfaces of a
solid esp. one of the longer surfaces.
3. The part of the body about the
ribs.
4. Relative position of a person or party. 5. A party associaa.
1. Lateral.
2. Indirect;
tion.
,

[-ed;-ing.] To
v.i.
embrace the opinions of one party.
or engage in its interest.
collateral.

SlDE'BOARD,

n.

piece of cabinet

n. A sinv. t. To express by sighs.

gle deep respiration
a long breath.
SIGHT (sit), n. [From the root of see.]

significare ; signum, & sigu, and/acere, to make.]

1. To make known,
esp. by a sign.
2. To convey the

Act, power, or instrument of see3. In2. That which is seen.

spection
examination. 4. A guide
to the eye in taking aim. 5. A great
number, quantity, or sum. [ Colloq.]
SY2f.
Vision; view; show; spectacle.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To get
v. t.
sight of; to see.
2. To see or aim
accurately.
Sight'less (sit'-), a. Wanting sight
1.

ing.

blind.

Sight'li-ness

(sit 7 -),

(slt'ly), a.

Eager for

(sit 7 -), a.

novelties or curiosities.
a. [Gr. criyiu.oei.o'Tjs,

Sl'G'MOID,

SlG-MOID'AL,

sigma, and

a-tyjua,

Sign

(sin), n.

[Lat.

an

signum.] That by

is made known or
represented; specifically, (a.) Any
symbol or emblem which represents

significant motion,
idea.
(b.)
(c.) A conspicuaction, or gesture,
ous notice before a building to advertise business,
(d. ) Twelfth part of
the ecliptic or zodiac
Sign-manual, the royal signature superscribed at the top of bills of grants
andletters-patent; the signature of one's
name in his own handwriting.

[Lat. sideralfs, and

sidus, a constellation,
starry.
SlD'ER-0-GRAPH'l,
a. PertainSId/er-O-GRaphMG-AE, j ing to sida.

fr.

v.

erography.

2.

t.

To

[-ED; -ING.]
a signature

To

1.

affix

to.

Sig'nal-ly, adv.

SIDE'WISE, adv.

purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender. 2.

SIEVE,

utensil for
[A.-S. rife.]
separating the fine part of any substance from the coarse.
1. To sepStFT, v.t. [-ed; -ing.]

OR,

do

n.

-\VOLF

TOOjTCfoEj

cate with by signals.

ner

In a signal man-

eminently.

SIg'na-ture

(53), n.

[L. Lat. signa-

See SIGN.] 1. A sign or mark

impressed. 2. The name of a person
written with his own hand.
3. A
letter or figure by which the sheets
of a book are distinguished.
tura.

fied place for the

continued attempt to gain possession.

3l'E N-ITE n
See S Y E NlTE
fr. Lat. sexta (sc.
S'i-ES'TA, n. [Sp
hora), the sixth hour.]
A nap taken
about noon or in the afternoon.

communicate by signals.
SlG'NAL-IZE, V. t. [-ED -ING.] 1.
To make eminent. 2. To communi-

ST'dle,

(sin'er), n.
One who signs.
[0. Fr., dim- of signe
especially the private
sign.]
seal
seal of a sovereign.
SIG-NIF'I-ANCE, n.
1. State of being significant.
2. That which is
consequence.
signified.
3. Moment
SlG-NlF'I-CANT,a. [Lat. significans,
signifying.]
Standing
as a sign
1.

SlGN'ER

S'fG'NET, n.

OltN, E.UE,

or token.

pull

2.

e,

I,

Important momentous.
;

To express mean-

i.

A post on which
a sign hangs, or on which advertise(s-in 7 -), n.

ments are placed.

SI'LENCE, n. -1. Entire absence of
2. Forbearance of speech. 3.
Secrecy.
quiet.
4. Calmness
5Oblivion.
interj.
Be silent. v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
To still.
Sl'LENT, a.
[Lat. silens, silentis, p.
pr. of silere, to be silent.]
1. Free
fr. sound or noise.
2. Indisposed to
talk. 3. Keeping at rest. 4. Not pro-

sound.

nounced; having no sound. 5. Not

engaged in active business dormant;

See Mute.

Si-le'si-a (-hVshl-a, 95), n.

coarse linen, orig.

Si'lex, n.

[Lat.,

made
a

stance constituting

flint,

thin,
in Silesia.

flint..]

The subquartz, and

most sands and sandstones.

Sil'hou-ette (-6b-), n. [From

Eti-

enne Silhouette, a very economical

Fr. minister of finance, about 1757.]
A profile filled in with a black color.
ST-L'i'ceous (sT-lish'us), a.
[Lat.
Si-LI'CIofJS J
silicevs; silex, a flint.]
Relating to, or containing, silex.
Sil'i-gon, n.
[See Siliceous.]
A
nut-brown elementary substance, the
base of silex.
Sii/i-QUA, n. ; pi. sil'i-qu^e.
Same
)

as SlLIQUE.
SlL'IQUE (sil'ik or si-l-Sk'), n.
[Lat.
siliqua, a pod or husk.]
A pod with
seeds fixed to both sutures.
See SlL'l-QUOUS, a. Bearing or resembling

1. Toward one side.

on one side.
2. Laterally
[-ed -ING.] To go or
v. i.
move side foremost.
ElEGE, n. [Fr. siege, a seat, a siege,
fr. Lat. sedes, a seat.] 1. The setting
of an army around or before a forti-

notion of.
v.
ing with force.

Sign'-post

To

make a sign or signal.

Si'G'NAL, n.
[L. Lat. signale.
Sign.] 1. A sign agreed upon to give
2. A token
notice.
an indication.
a. Distinguished from what is ordinary.
[-ED; -ING.]
v. t.
To

signify.
v. i.

[Gr. o-t'Srjpo?,
Art
iron, and ypd^eiv, to engrave.]
or practice of steel engraving.
[Gr. o-iSrjpo?,
SlD'ER-o-SOPE, n.
An iniron, and crKGireZv. to view.]
strument for detecting small" quan[woman.
tities of iron.
saddle for a
Side'-SAD'dle, n.
SIde'walk (-wawk), n. A raised footpath at the side of a street. [Amer.]

SlD'EK-OG'RA-PHY^.

or

Sins-.
fr.

Curved in two direceUos, form.]

tions, like the Greek letter ?.

a.
Lateral; oblique.
2.
adv. 1. Laterally
obliquely.
On the side.
SId'er-al, a. Relating to the stars;
hence, baleful.

Relating to the stars

Conspicuous.

1.

Pleasing to the sight.

2.

Sight'-see'ING

Side 'long,

star.]

State of

n.

being sightly.

SlGHT'LY

which any thing

sidereus,

made known.

SiG-NiF'l-eA-T'ivE, a.
Having sig.
nification or meaning.
S'lG'NI-FY, v. t. [-ED -ING, 142.] [Lat

work, placed on one side in a dining[sloping.

_room to hold dishes, &c.
SIde'LING, a. Inclining to one side

ST-DE'RE-AL,

In a significant manner.
SlG'NI-FI-A'TION, n. 1. Act of sig
nifying.
2. That which is signified

[A.-S.
[-ED -ing.]
(si), v. i.
1. To make a deep
sican, siofian.]
respiration, as from fatigue or grief.
2. To make a sound like sighing.

a sieve.

Sigh

To become

SIck'LE

To SlG-NlF'I-ANT-LY, adv.

2.

Sift'er, n.

to disgust
to disease.
sick or disgusted.

SILLY

393

siliques.

Silk, n.

[A.-S. seolc, seoloc,' fr. Lat.

sericum, silk.]
1. The fine,
soft
thread, produced by the silk- worm,
&c. 2. Thread spun, or cloth woven,
from the same.
3. The thread-like
st\les of the female flower of maize.
Silk' en, a.
Made of, or resembling,
silk

soft

delicate.

SiLK'l-NESS, n. State of being silky

softness and smoothness.

S'ilk'-worm
pillar

(-wPirm), n.

which produces

The

cater-

silk.

a.
[-er; -est, 142.; Made
or like, or relating to, silk.
SILL, n.
[A.-S. syl, syll, prob. from
Goth, suljan, to lay a foundation.]
The foundation of a thing, as of ^
house, door, or window, &c.
Si'L'LA-BiJB, n.
[Cf. Prov. Eng. sile,

Silk'y,
of,

to strain, and bub, liquor.]

A mixture of wine or cider with milk.
Sil'LI-ly, adv. In a silly manner.
SiL'LI-NESS, n. "Want of sound sense.
SlL'LY, a. [-ER -est, 142.] [A.-S.
sxlig, ges&lig, happy, good.]
1.

o, silent; C, G,soft; , S, hard;

AgJ

32CIST',

NmNS;

THia


SILT
Weak

2.

Proceeding

I',

t.

SlL'VER,

SINGE,

[\'.-S. silfor, syl/er.]

1.

lis.}

2.

-I]\G.] [An
boil gently.

ST-:il6'NI-A, n. One who buys or sells

preferment in the church.
SiiM'O-Ni'AC-AL,, a.
Consisting of, or

pertainiug to, simony.

Si-M'ON-Y, n.
[From Simon Magus.
See Acts viii.] The crime of buyiug
or selling ecclesiastical preferment.
Si-McTpM', } 11. [Ar. samiim, fr. samma, to poison.] A hot,
Si-MOON', \
dry wind, iu Arabia, Syria, &c. .
SlM'PER, v. i.
To smile in a silly, af-

manner.
n.
A silly smile.
SiM'PLE,a. [-er; -est.] [Lat. simplex, simplici.s, from sine., without,
1. Single; not
and plica, a fold.]
complex; not compounded. 2. Plain;
unadorned. 3. Not given to artifice.
fected

4. Clear
intellect.

intelligible.

n.

compounded.
SlM'PLE-NESS,

5.

Weak

Something not

1.

A medicinal

2.

in

plant.

Quality of being

n.
n.

silly
1.

ii.

[iug simple.

Silliness.

6.

STm'pli-f^-ca'tion, n. ActofmakglM'PLI-FY, v. t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]

[L. Lat. simplificare ; Lat. simplex,
simple, and facere, to make.]
To
simple
to reduce from the

make

complex state.
SlM'PLlST, n. One skilled in simples.
SiM'PLY, adv. In a simple manner
artlessly plainly merely foolishly

I,

the head from

coronal suture.

a number.

tren.ity

dicular

the

SI'NE-GURE,

singidus, single.'] 1. Single; individual.

2.
Denoting one person or
thing. 3. Out of the ordinary course
of things.
4. Rarely equaled.
n.
The singular number.

SIn'GU-lar'1-ty,

v. 1. Stateof being
singular; peculiarity. 2. Possession
of a particular privilege or distinc-

sine

office

tion.

SlN'GU-LAR-LY, adv.
SLn'js-ter,

hand

Sine,
sine; d c,
; cue, di-

O, V,Y,long;

sinistroversns,

from

1.

To

sinistror-

[Lat.

toward the

sinister, left,

and

sinews.
a.

Having no

no strength.
(sln'yu-y), a. 1. Consisting
of sinews. 2. Strong; vigorous firm.
criminal;
Sinful, a.
1. Wicked;
unholy. 2. Consisting in sin.
S'ix'ful-ly, adv. In a sinful manner.
Quality of being
SlN'FUL-NESS, n.
;

iniquity.

the

a.

left

vtrtere,

from

left

Being on, or inclined

left side.

i.
[sunk (sank, nearly
sinking.]
[A.-S. sinran.]
To descend lower and lower. 2.

(82). v.

or retire beneath the surface.

to decline.
in strength
to im1. To cause to sink
merse in a fluid. 2. To depress. 3.
To make by digging.
4. To reduce
in quantity. 5. To cause to decline.
Sinking fund, a fund created for sinking or paying a public d< bt, or puicbasing the stock for the government.

a.

side,

to,

[sinecure.

wickedness

Dishonest.

3.

obs.);

Sl'NE-euR'lST, n.
One who has a
Sj'n'EW (sfa'yu,), n. [A.-S. sinewe, and
sinu.]
1. A tendon.
2. That which
t.
[-ED
supplies strength.
v.

Peculiarly.
1. On the left
injurious

Unlucky

sus,

Sink

without, and
An
which requires or involves no

active service.

sinful

2.

SiN'IS-TROR'SAL,

[Lat. neter.
ciaa, care.]

-ING.] To knit as by
Sin'ew-less (sin'yn-j,

[Lat,]

a.

left.

SLVls-TKOtJS,

arc

n.

[duplicity.

version, to turn.]
Rising
to right, as a spiral line.

perpeu- db,

itself.

Un-

[-ED;

2. Purity
separate from all others.
of mind and purpose sincerity.
STn'gly, adv.
1.
Individually.
2.
Only by one's self.
SIng'-song, . A drawling tone, as
of a monotonous song.
Sin'gu-lar, a. [Lat. singularis, from

evil.

SINE, n.
[Lat. sinus, a
bent surface, curve.]
Length of a perpendicular drawn from one
extremity of an arc to
diameter drawn
the
through the other ex-

6.

among

Sin'gle-iieakt'ED. a.
Having no
SlVGLE-NESS, ii. 1. State of being

Sin'EW-y

person.

Quality of be2. Quality of

ing uncompounded.
being not complex. 3. Artlessness
sincerity.
4. Plainness.
5. Clear-

A, E,

or intention.
[Lat.] Pore part of
the forehead to the

SlN'pi-P&T,n.

Performed by one

4.

sinews, or

simple.

Sim/ple-ton,

SlM-PLIC'l-TY,

ness.

SlN-CER'I-TY,

person. 5. Uncompounded.
prejudiced
sincere.
v. t.
-ING.] To select, as one from

likeness.

[Lat. singu-

Cue only individual sepHaving no companion. 3.

2.

Unmarried.

Svx. See Heakty.

1. Resemblance;
Sin-CERE'LY, adv. Unfeignedly.
Act of comparing.
Sin-cere'ness, \n. Honesty of mind

SYm'M?ER, v. t. or i. [-EDonomatopoetic word.] To

(sing'gl, 82), a.
1.

arate.

a similitude.

contain-

One who

teaches vocal music.

SLn'gle

another tiling
Si-Mil/I-TUDE, n.

A book

11.

ing music for singing.

S'ing'ing-mas'ter, h.

to

JflNGED; SINGEING,

t.

SiNGMNG-BcToK,

V.

140.] [A.-S. senguii, orig. tocauseto

siug, from the sound produced by
burning slightly.] To burn the surface of.
n. A burning of the surface.
STng'ER, n. One who sings.

ciency in the character.

See Ckimb.
Sy^.
A soft, white metal. 2. Money made
v.i.
[-NED -NING.] To depart
of silver. 3. Any thing like silver.
2. Resemvoluntarily from any known rule of
a. 1. Made of silver.
duty.
bling silver, v. t. [-ED -ING.] 1.
To cover with silver. 2. To cause to S'iN'A-PISM, n.
[Gr. <nvanrix6<> , fr.
resemble silver. 3. To make hoary.
A poultice or
o-tVaTri^ mustard]
Sll/VER-ING, n. 1. Art or practice of
blister of mustard seed pulverized
covering with silver.
2. The silver
SiN(,'E,m/c.
[0. Eng. sithenee, from
thus laid on.
A.-S. s'd/ithan,fr. s'idh, lately, afterSiL'VER-SMiTH, n. One who works
ward, and than, for tham, to the, to
[with silver.
in silver.
this.]
Before this or now; ago.
SlL'VER-Y, a. Resembling, or covered
prep.
From the time of; after.
2.
SiM'I-LAR, a. [Lat. similis.] 1. Preconj.
1. Since the time when.
cisely alike.
2. Somewhat like.
Iu view of the fact that because.
[Lat.
SlM'I-LAR/I-TY, n. Resemblance.
SlN-o/ERE', a. [-ER; -EST.j
SlM'I-LAR-LY, adv. In like maimer.
sineerus, fr. sine, without, .and cera,
SiM'I-EE (147), v. [Lat., fr. similis,
wax, as it applied originally to pure
like.] A word or phrase by which any
honey.] 1. Pure unmixed. 2. Bething is likened in one of its aspects
ing in reality what it appears to be.
n.

SINUOSITY

394
SlM'U-LATE,

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat

simulate, -latum, from similis, like.]
from want of common judgment.
Syn. Simple; stupid.
To assume the mere appearance of
without the reality; to feign.
a.
Silt, n.
[From Prov. Eng. sile, to
Feigned pretended.
strain.]
Mud deposited from water.
[-EDj-lNG.] To How into, Sim'U-la'tion, n. Act of simulating,
v.i.
or putting on what is not true.
or percolate through, crevices or narSPmul-ta'ne-OUS, a. [Lat. simul,
row places, as muddy water.
at the same time, together.] Being at
gKL'VA, n. [Lat.] 1. A collection of
[same time.
the same time.
poems.
2. Natural history of the
Sl'MUL-TA'NE-OUS-LY, adv. At the
forest trees of a country.
[A.-S. synn. sin.] Transgres[Lat. silva, a wood or SIN, n.
fjlL'VAN, a.
sion of the law of God moral defigrove.] Pertaining to woods woody.
intellect.

in

fall

3.

To

v.

t.

fail

n.

1.

water.
water,

&c

drain to carry off filth}'

shallow box for filthy

2.
,

as in a kitchen.

Free from sin pure:

Innocently.
State of being sinless
perfect innocence.
Sin'ner, n. One who has sinned, ec

Sin'less,

a.

SiN'LESS-LY, adv.
Sin'less ness, n.
;

pecially without repenting.

Sing, v. i. [sung, or sang sung
SINGING.] [A.-S. singan.] 1. To ut- SlN'U-ATE, V. t. [-ED: -INft.] [Lat.
sinuate, -atum, from sinus, a bend,
ter sounds with melodious modulacurve.! To wind to turn.
[out.
2. To make a small,
tions of voice.
A winding in and
3. To celebrate some- STn'U-a'tton, n.
shrill sound.
SiN'u-os'1-TY, n. 1. Quality of being
1. To utter
v. t.
thing in poetry.
sinuous. 2. A series of bends and
with musical modulations of voice. 2.
;

To celebrate

turns.

iu song.

S,i,6,tJ,Y,5/l0; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT- ERZ,
J

Y.^IL;,

SSHilJ PIQUE, FIRM

SON,

SINUOUS
a.

'

quantity. n. A small draught with

the lips.
Cl'PHO.v, ft.

[Gr.

<rC-

beut tube
or pipe for drawing
liquor from a vessel.

<j>uii'.]

SIR

n.
[0. Fr.
Lat. senior,
an elder, elderly pera
title of
son.]
1.
(18),

Siphons.
n on
,

,^ i
i

^:

respect to any man

proved siphon
A with exhaustof position.
2.
ing tube.
knight or baronet
prefixed to the Christian name.
SlRE,. [See SIR.] 1. A father. 2.
Oue who stands in the relation of a
father, as a king.
3. Male parent of
;

a beast.

c. t.

To

[-ed; -ing.]

used especially of stallions.

1.
One of
[Lat.]
(89), n.
three fabled damsels, who sung with
ravishing sweetness. 2. An enticing
woman.
Pertaining to a siren
a.
fascinating alluring.
SlR'l-us, n.
[Lat., from Gr. o-eipio?,
The large
<reipo?, hot, scorching.]
and bright star called the Dog-star.
SlR'LOlX, n. [Fr. surlonge, from sur,
beget

Sl'REN

upon, over, and longe,

loin.]'

la.

SlT'U-A'TED,

See Site.]

tainty.
2.
doubting of the truth
of revelation.
SKETCH, ft. [Lat. schedium, (sc. car-

[L. Lat. situatus,

fr.

situare, to place.

Seated, placed, or per-

manently fixed
Sit'u-a'tion, .

men), an extemporaneous poem, Gr.

<rxe'6(.o?, made suddenly or off-hand.
A first rough or incomplete plan ol

residing.
1. Relative position,
2. Permalocation, or condition.
nent position.
Six, a. or . [A.-S. six, sex, Lat. sex.]
Twice three.
[many.
Six' fold, a. Six rimes as much or
SiX'PENCE, ft. An English silver coin,
worth half a shilling, or about 12
cents.
Six'teen, a. and n. Six and ten.
Six'te^enth, a.
1. Sixth after the
tenth*. 2. Being one of sixteen equal
1. One of
parts of any thing.
ft.
2. The next
sixteen equal parts.
after the fifteenth.
Sixth, a. 1. Next after the fifth. 2.
Being one of six equal parts of any
thing.
ft.
1. One of six equal
parts.
2. The next after the fifth.
SIXTH'ly, adv. In the sixth place.
Next after the
Six'Tl-ETH, a.
1.
fifty-ninth.
2. Being one of sixty
1.
n.
equal parts of any thing.
One of sixty equal parts. 2. The
next after the fifty-ninth.
Six'TY, a. and . Six times ten.
;

any

loin

[Written also surloin.]

of beef.
SIr'name. n. See Surname.
Sl-RO'0, n.; pi. si-RO'OS. [Ar.
shoruk, from shark, the rising of the
An oppressive, resun, the east.]
laxing wiud from the Libyan deserts.
SlR'RAH, .
[From sir, or fr. Ir. sir-

assize.]

1.

[\V~. si/th,,g\i\e, size,

rigid.]

[A.-S. scide, fr. sc'idan, to

cleave.]
piece of timber used
for support or to protect a vessel's
[boat.
side.
Skiff, n. [Cf. Ship.] A small, light
Skill, ft. [A.-S. srilian, scylan, to
separate, to distinguish.] 1. Knowl-

2. Familiar knowledge united

with readiness in performance.
Syn. Dexterity. Skill involves superior capacity and cultivation of the

edge.

intellect; dexterity implies a greater tal-

ent for imitation, and a sleight of hand

obtained by practice.

Ex-

Skill .ed, a. Expert

Skil'let, ft. [0. Fr.

skillful.
escuellette,

from

Lat. scui.ella, dim. of scutra, a dish.]

small vessel with a handle.
SKILL'FUL, a. Possessed of, or dis-

To arrange, accordTo prepare with size.

Glutinousness.
Siz'i-ness, ft.
Siz'ing, ft. A kind of weak glue size.
Siz'Y, a. Glutinous; thick viscous.
SiZ'ZLE, v. i. To make a hissing
sound, as hot metal dipped into water.
ft.
A hissing sound.
Ska(ld, ft. See Scald.
[-ED; -ING.]

the out-

syth, stitf,
glue.
v. t.

kind of weak

up

Skid, n

from

tills

broad touches by

conventional
3.
relative measure of dimension.
2.

a sketch

Being of considerable
a.
or suitable size.
ft. ( Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.)
One of a body of students next below
the pensioners.
fr.

Sl'ZAR,

[Abbrev.
tent of volume.

itself

part, giving

veyed; a delineation goes further, carrying out the more striking features of the
picture, and going so much into detail
as to furnish a clear conception of the
whole.
v. t.
[-ED: -ing.]
To draw in
outline to make a rough draught of.
Sketch'y, a. In the manner of a
sketch incomplete.
Skew'er (skQ'er), n. [Prob. allied to
the l-oot of shove.] A pointed rod for
fastening meat while roasting.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To fasten with skewers-

Siz'A-BLE,

ft.

line in

which an imperfect idea may he con-

Size,

design.
Outline; delineation. Outline

Syn.

explains

sire, fr.

SfT'TJ-ATE,

SKIP-JACK

395

[Lat. sinuosus-] Bending in and out.

S?NUS,n.; Lat. pi. si'NUS; Eng.
pi. si'nus-es. [Lat., a curve, bosom,
1. A hollow.
2.
recess in
bay.]
the shore.
SlP,v.. [-PED; -ping.] [A.-S. sipan.] To drink or imbibe in small
To driuk a small
quantities.
o. i.

SlN'U-OUS,

1.

playing skill.
Skil'ful,
adv.
Skill'ful-ly,
With skill;
-Kir/FUL-LY,
dexterously.
Skiel'ful-ness, ft. Quality of posSir;
reac'i. poor, sorry, lean.]
Skil'ful-ness,
sessing skill.
word of contempt or of familiarity.
SKIM, v. t. [A different form of sevm. ]
SlR'UP, n. [Ar. stiarab, sharUb, drink,
[-MED -MING.] 1. To clear, as a
Sweetsirap, fr. shariba, to drink.]
2. To take off by
liquid from scum.
Skate, ft. 1. [D. schaats.] A frame
ened juice of vegetables or fruits
skimming. 3- To pass near the surfor the foot with a metallic runner,
To pass lightly.
also, any sweetened liquid.
v. i.
f ice of.
SlS'TER, ft.
for moving rapidly on ice.
2. [Lat. Ski'm/mer, n. A utensil for skimming.
[A.-S. sweostor, suster.]
squatus, A.-S. sceaddn.] A cartilagi- Skim'- milk, n. Milk from which the
1. A female born of the same parents.
v.
cream has been taken.
2. A female associate.
nous fish of a rhomboid form.
i._ [ ED; -ING.]
To move on skates. Skim'mings, ft. That which is reSis'ter-hoo d, ft. 1. A society of sismoved by skimming.
One who skates.
ters, or of women united in one faith .Skat'er, ft.
1. Natural
[A.-S. sciwn.]
[Said to be of Skin, .
or order. 2. State of being a sister. Ske-dad'dle, if. i.
A husSis'ter-in-law (155), ft.
Sw. origin.] To run away with precovering of animal bodies. 2. A hide;
[Amer.]
band's or wife's sister also, a brothcipitation, as if in a panic.
a pelt. 3= Exterior coat of fruits and
[-NED; -NlNG.] 1.
plants, v.t.
er's wife.
Skein (skau), ft. [0. Fr. escaigne,
To strip off the skin of; to flay. 2.
Sis'TER-LY, a. Becoming a sister afGael, sgeitin.]
A knot, or a number
v. i. To be
fectionate.
of knots, of thread or yarn.
To cover with skin.
Sit, v. i.
[sat; sitting.]
[A.-S. SKEL'E-TON. ft.
cohered with skin.
[Gr.' (TueXerov (sc.
siltan, allied to Skr. sad.]
1. To
Skin'-deep, a. Superficial slight.
1.
a-iafia.), a dried bodv, a mummy.]
rest on the haunches.
2. To perch.
Natural frame-work of an organized Skin'flint, ft. A miser a niggard.
3. To remain in repose
to abide.
body, as bones, shells, &c. 2. Gen- Skin'less, a. Having no skin.
4. To fit.
5. To incubate
to brood
eral structure or frame of an)' thing. SkIn'NER, ft. One who skins.
6. To be engaged in public
over.
SKEP'TIC, ft. [Written also sceptic] Skin'ny, a. [-ER; -est, 142.] Con-

ing to

2.

size.

business, as Legislators, &c.

Site, n.

[Lat. situs, fr. sinere, situm,

Place for
to let, put, or set down.]

a building situation.
SlT'TER, ft. One who sits.
Sit'ting, ft. 1. A resting on a seat.
2. Time of remaining in session.
;

6r, do,

[Gr. o-Ken-Tt/cos, thoughtful, reflec1. One who is

tive; Lat. scepticus.]
yet undecided as to what is true. 2.
One who disbelieves the divine origin
of Christianity.
[a skeptic.

SkEP'TI-AL.

wolf, too, took urn, rue, pull

;

a.

Skep'ti-cIs_m,
;

E,

I,

Relating

ft.

1.

o, silent

to,

Doubt
;

or being,
;

uncer-

sisting of skin, or of skin only.

SkIp, v.
[-ped; -ping.] [Cf. Icel.
skopa, skoppa, to run.] To leap to
bound.
v. t. To pass over or by;
to omit.
ft.
1. A leap
a bound.
2. Act of passingover an interval.
?'.

Skip'-jack.

ft.

An

c,g, so/f; ,5,hard; A?; bxist

upstart.
;

nmng;

this-

SKIPPER
SkiP'PER,

SKIPPER and SlXck'.en, v.

SLACKENING.]

[See

n.

1.
Skip.]
The master of a small
trading vessel. 2. [From skip.] The
cheese maggot.
Skir'mish(18), ii. [0. Eng. scarmishe,
scrymishe, 1'r. 0. H. Ger. skerman,
skirman, to defend.] A slight fight,
esp. between detachments and small
-ING.]
To
[-ED
parties.
v. i.
fight slightly or in small parties.

Skirt
en.

slake.
.

edge.
2. Border
garment like a petti[-ED -ING.] To form
v. i.
run along the edge of.
To be on the border.

v.t.

Skit'tish,

[From A.-S. sceotan,

a.

scitan, to shoot, cast.] Easily fright-

ened; shunning familiarity shy.

Skit'tish-ly, adv.
In a skittish
;

manner.
[ness.
Skit'tish-ness, n. Timidity; shySkit'tljes (skit'tlz^M../^. [See Skit-

a metal

also, vitrified cinders.

[-ed;-ing.] [Allied to
To quench ; to extin-

Slake,

v.t.

slack.]

1.

upon.

t.
v.
[-ed; -ing.]
To
cover with slate.
Slat'er,ti. One who slates buildings.
Slat'ing, n. 1. Act of covering with
slates. 2. The covering thus put on.

3.

Slates collectively.

Slat'tern.m.

[Cf.

Slut.]

A woman

negligent of her dress or house.

SLAT'TERN-LY, a. Negligent; dirty.
adv. Negligently awkwardly.
Slat'y, a. Resembling slate .having
the nature or properties of slate.
Slaugh'ter (slaw'ter), n. [Goth.
siauhts, slaughter.] 1. Extensive and
unnecessary destruction of human
life. 2. A killing, as a matter of business butchery.
v. t. [-ED ; -ING.]
1. To kill.
2. To butcher.

negligence slowness tardiness.

SLAG, n. [H. Ger. schlacke..] Dross of

A woman's

coat.
or to

[A.-S. sleacian, sla-

1.

One who skirmishes. Slack'ly, adv Loosely; remissly.

Slack'ness, ii. State of being slack

n.

(18), n. [A.-S. scyrtan, to shortCf. Shirt.] 1. Lower and loose

part of a garment.
3.

[slackened;

i.

To become less tense or

to neglect.
rigid.
2. To be remiss
3. To lose cohesion. 4. To abate. 5.
To languish to flag. v. I. 1. To
make less tight. 2. To render less
earnest, rapid, or decided.
3. To
withhold to use less liberally. 4. To
cian.]

SldR'MlSH-ER.

SLEEK

396

guish. 2. To mix with water, so

that a true chemical combination
shall take place.
Slam, p. t. [-med; -ming.] [Cf. 0.
Eng. lam, to beat, Goth. & 0. H. Ger.
slahan.
[See SLAY.]
To shut with

Slaugh'ter-house

(slaw'ter-). n.

house where beasts are butchered.

n. [From the Slavonians, L.
Lat. Slavi, who were frequently
made slaves by the Germans.] 1. A
person held in bondage. 2. One who
has lost the power of resistance. 3.
One who labors like a slave.
v. i.
To drudge to toil.
[slaves.

SLAVE,

To strike violently
violence.
v. i.
and noisily.
A violent driving
n.
and striking or shutting.
Ski'ver, n.
Split Slan'deu, n. [0. Eng. esclaundre, fr.
[See Shiver.]
Gr. crKdv8a\ov. See SCANDAL.] A Slave'-hold'er, n. One who holds
sheepskin, tanned with sumac, ana
false and malicious report tending to Slav'ER, n. 1. A vessel engaged in
dyed.
tish.]

Ninepins.

Skulk,

v.

[-ed

i.

-ins.]

v. t.
injure another's reputation.
[-ed; -ING.] To injure by maliciously uttering a false report.
To defame.
Syn.

[Dan.

skulke, to play the truant, allied to

skiule, to hide.]
To get out of the
way in a sneaking manner to lurk.
SKULK'ER, n. One who skulks.
Skull, n. [0. H. Ger. sciulla, skull.

Scale and Shell.]

Cf.

Slan'der-er, n. A calumniator.
Slan'der-ous, a. 1. Disposed

Bony

slander.

2.

Slan'der-ous-ly, adv.
Skull'-CAP, n. A close-fitting cap.
derous manner.
Skunk, n. [Abenaki seganku.) A fetid
(72), n.

of clouds.

[0. Sax. scio,sceo, region

Cf. A.-S. scfoa, schwa,

shadow.] The vault of heaven.

Sky'EY, a. Like the sky ethereal.
Sky'-lark, n. A species of lark that
mounts and sings as it flies.
Sky'-lark'ING, n. Act of running
;

about
sport

the rigging

of a vessel in

frolicking.

Sky'-lIght

(-lit),

n.

A window

in

the roof or deck.

next above the royal.

sail set

[Cf.

sawed from a

SlXb'BER

(colloq.

from the mouth.

[-er -est.] [A.-S.

Slap,. A^blowwith somethiug broad

v. t. [-FED
and flat, as the hand.
-PING.] To strike with the open hand,

with something broad.

adv.
With a sudden blow hence, quickly.
Slap'dash, adv. 1. At random. 2.
or

sleac,

one person to the

Slave'-trade

another.

will of

Traffic in slaves.

n.

Slav'ISH, a. Servile base laborious

mean.
[ly
basely.
SLAV'ISH-LY, adv. Servilely; meanSlav'ish-ness, n. Servility.
SLA-vo'NI-AN, n. A native of Sla;

vonia.
a.
Pertaining to Slavonia
applied especially to the language
now spoken, in its various dialects, in
Russia, Poland, Bohemia, &c.
Slaw, n. [D. sla, slaa, contr. from
salade. See Salad.] Sliced cabbage,
cooked, or uncooked.

Slay,^.

[slew; slain; slay-

t.

ing.] [A.-S. slahan, sleahan, contr.

slean, slan to strike beat slay ] To
put to death by a weapon or by violence hence, to kill to destroy.
Slay'er, n. One who slays.
Sleave, n. [Icel. slefa, a slender
thread.] Silk or thread untwisted.
v.t.
To separate, as threads.
Slea'zy, a. [Ger. schleiszig, schlissig,
worn out, fr. scldeiszen, to split, decay.] Wanting firmness of texture.
SLED, n. [Icel. sledi. A.-S. si \dan, to
slide.]
A vehicle, or a light seat,
,

All at once.

SlapMack,

n.

Colloq.]
A sort of flat
griddle. [Local.]

cake

baked upon a
[-ed -ing.] [Cf. Icel.
t.
wound.]
To cut in long
cuts by striking violently and at ran1. A long cut; a cut
dom.
n.
v.
slasa, to

2. A large slit in
at random
the thighs and arms of old costumes.

made

Slat,?i. [SeeSLOAT].

lessly let fall

a.

Slash,

log.

slob'ber), v. i.
[-ED; ING.] [H. Ger. sc/dabbern,
frequentative form of schlabben. to
lap.]
To let the saliva fall from the
mouth to drivel. n. Saliva care-

Clack,

W.

yslab, llab, a thin

slip.]
1. A thin piece of any thing,
as of marble or other stone, having
plane surfaces. 2. An outside piece
n.

n. [Said to be of gypsy origin

cf. LINGO.] Low, vulgar, unauthorized language.
Slant, a. [Sw. slinta, to slide, W.
Inclined
sloping
ysgUntiaw.]
oblique.
-ING.] To
v. t. [-ED
turn from a direct line.
v.t.
To
n. An oblique direclie obliquely.
tion or plane; a slope.
adv. In an inclined
Slant'ly,
Slant'WISE,} direction; obliquely.

but

Sky'-rock'et. n. A rocket that ascendshigh, and burns as it flies.

SKY'-SAIL (colloq. skl'sel), n. The
Slab,

SLANG,

animal of North America.

SKY

smeared with saliva.

v. t. To smear
with saliva issuing from the mouth.
In a slan- Slav'er-er, n. A driveler; an idiot.
Slav'er-y, ii. Entire .subjection of

Containing slander

lumnious.

case inclosing the brain.

to
ca-

the slave-trade.
2. One who deals
in slaves.
n. [See Slabber.] Saliva
driveling from the mouth.
v. i.
[-ED; -inc.] 1. To suffer spittle to
issue from the mouth. 2. To be be-

Slav'er,

to fasten together

A narrow board

larger

pieces.

[-ted; -ting.] To slap; to

moved on runners, over the snow.
Not drawn tight. 2. Not
v. t.
v. t.
holding fast. 3. Not earnest or eager.
strike
[-DED -DING.] To convey
to throw down violently.
on a sled.
Slate, n. [0. Eng sclate, sclat ; 0.
4. Not violent
not rapid.
H. Ger. sleizan, for skleizan, to slit, SLEDGE, n. 1. [A.-S. singe, fr. slaSlack water, the interval between the
flux and reflux of the tide.
han, to strike, beat.] A large, heavy
split.]
1.
An argillaceous stone
adv. In a slack manner partially.
which readily splits into plates. 2.
hammer. 2. A vehicle moved on
n. The part of a rope that hangs
runners, or on low wheels.
A prepared piece of such stone esp.
v. t. or
ioose.
To slacken.
for roofing houses, &c, or for writing Sleek, a. [-er -est.] [Icel. slikia,
side;]

1.

i, e,

i,

?'.

o, u, Y\ionzi Ajiiji, 5,0, t, short;

care, far, ask, all, what; ere,

ve.il,

tkmj pique, fIrm;

son,

SLEEKLY
to

i\ t. [-ED
smooth surface glossy.
-ING.] To make even and smooth,
or soft and glossy.
;

SLOUCH

397

Having an even,

smooth, polish.]

[sleek.
Sleek'ly, adv. Smoothly.
Quality of being
Sleek'NESS, n.
Sleep, v. i. [slept sleeping.]

Slide, v. i. [slid slid, slidden;

sliding.] [A.-S. slidan.]
1. To
;

move along

a surface by slipping to
glide.
2. To pass inadvertently.
3.
To move gently onward without friction.
v. t.
1. To thrust along by
slipping.
2. To pass or put imper;

5.

narrow

long,

piece.

thing easily slipped on.

6.
7-

Any

Space

between wharves or in a dock.

8.

long seat in churches.

SlIp'-knot

(-not), n.
knot which
the line around which it

along

slips

is made.
smooth and Slip'per, n. A light shoe, which may
who, or that
be slipped on with ease.
[slippery.
which, slides. 3. Descent of earth Slip'PER-I-NESS, n.
State of being
tary exercise of the powers of the
or rock down a declivity.
Slip'per- y, a. 1. Allowing or caus2. To be dead.
3.
[slides.
feody and mind.
n. A Slid'er, n.
One who, or that which,
ing any thing to slip smooth. 2To be unemployed to rest.
Not affording firm footing or confi
natural aud periodical suspension of Slid'ing-rule, n. An instrument
for the mechanical performance of
dence. 3. Apt to slip away. 4. TJn
the exercise of the bodily and men;

1. To take
[A.-S. sl&pan, slapan.]
rest by a suspension of the volun-

tal powers for the purpose of rest.

Slumber; repose; rest.
Sy>'.

addition, subtraction, multiplication,

timber

2.
n.
1. One who sleeps.
for the support of some

superstructure, or to steady rails.

In a sleepy man[sleepy.
ner; drowsily.
Sleep'i-ness, n.
State of being

Sleep'i-ly, adv.

Sleep'ing,

Occupied

p. a.

-with sleep

or for sleeping.

SLEEP'LESS,
wakeful.

a.

2.

Having no

1.

sleep

Perpetually agitated.

Sleep'less-ness, n. Want of sleep.

Sleep'- walk/er (-wawk'-), n. A
somnambulist

one who

walks in his

sleep.

Sleep'y,
Drowsy

-est, 142.] 1.
inclined to sleep. 2. Tending to induce sleep.

Sleet,

[-er

a.

[A.-S. sliht, fr. slahan, to

fall of hail or snow minstrike.]
v. i.
To snow or
gled with rain.
hail with a mixture of rain.
Sleet'Y, a. Consisting of sleet.
Sleeve, n. [A.-S. slcf, slcfe, fr. slefan, to put on, clothe.] Part of a
garment fitted to cover the arm.
v. t.
To furnish with sleeves.
Sleeve'less, a. Having no sleeves.
SLgiD (slad), v. t. [-ED -ING.] [See
Sley.] To sley or prepare for use

n.

in the weaver's sley.

Sleigh (sla),n. [See
hicle

or

on runners,

for

and division.
Slid'ing-SALE,

[-er; -est.] [Goth.

smooth, even.] 1. Not decidedly marked inconsiderable un;

1.

State of

of running
Act of riding in a sleigh.

(slit),

artful trick.

Slen'der,

n.
2.

[Eng.

sly.]

1.

An

Dexterity.

[-er; -est.]

[0. D.
slinder, slender, slinderen, slidderen,
to creep.] 1. Thin or narrow in proportion to circumference or width.
3. Moderate; in2. Weak; feeble.
a.

important. 2. Slender.
n. A moderate degree of contempt, manifested

by neglect.

chielly

v.t.

[-ED

-ING.] To disregard, as of little value

and unworthy of notice.
To neglect.
To slight is
Syn.
stronger than to neglect. We may neglect a duty or person from inconsideration, or from being over-occupied in
other concerns. To slight is always a

positive and intentional act, resulting

feelings of dislike or contempt.

from

SlIght'ly (slit/ly), adv. In a slight

manner negligently.
Slight'ness (slit-'-), n. Weakness
;

want of

See Slyly.
a. [-mer; -mest, 136.] [M. H.
Ger. slim, Icel. slamr, ill, bad.]
1.
Slender. 2. Weak; slight.
Slime, n. [A.-S. & Icel. slhn, 0. H.
Ger. slim, slihmo.] Soft, moist, and
adhesive earth, or clay.
Slim'i-ness,m. Quality of being slimy.
Slim'ness, n. State of being slim.

Sli'ly, adv.

Slim,

Tiscous

glutinous.
Sli'ness, n. See Slyness.
Sling, n. [0. H. Ger. slinga.]

4.

Small

[A.-S. slitan.]

2.

To make a

long fissure in or on. 3. To rend

A loug cut, or a narto split.
n.
row opening.

Slit'ting-mill,
iron plates are

n.

slit

into

SLlv'ER,orSLI'VER,f.

mill where
narrow strips.

t.

[-ED -ING.]
;

To cut or
slifan, to split.]
divide into long, thin pieces.
n.
piece cut or rent lengthwise.
Slob'ber, n.
See Slabber.
v.
Sloe, n. [A.-S. sla, slahe.]
small,
bitter, wild plum.
Sloop, n. [D. sloep,
[A.-S.

&

H.

Ger.
schaluppe.]

Slop,

schlupe,
vessel

&

n.

1. [Cf. Ir.
slaib,
mud,

Gael,

Water

dirt.]

l.essly spilled.

Water

An

has

slixpan, sledpan, to enter

Ready-made clothes,

fr.

pi.

bedding, &c.

i\

t.

liquid upon.

spill

Sloop.

3. [A.-S. slop,

secretly.]

To

care-(
2. pi.

which anyj
been

in

thing
washed.
a frock,

Slope,
1.

To

1.

v.

spilled.

i.

spill.

[Allied to A.-S. slopen,

Inclined, or inclining.

a.

slipping.]

2.

To over-

5.
[Cf. L. Ger. slingen, to
swallow.] Spirit (usually gin) and
water sweetened.
[slung
v. t.

ship.

sling.

or, do,

slitting.]
To cut lengthwise.

instrument for throwing stones. 2.

n. 1. A direction downward. 2. A
A throw. 3. A hanging bandage, in
declivity or acclivity.
[-ED
v. t.
which a wounded arm is sustained.
-ING.] To direct obliquely; to iu4. A rope, with hooks, by which a
c2ine.
v. i.
To be inclined.
cask or bale is swung in or out of a Slop'ing. p. a. Inclining, or inclined

meager.

feebly.

with-

ted
1.

flow or be

slinging.]
1.
To throw with a
2. To hang so as to swing.
Slen'der-ness, n. State or quality Slink, v. i. [slunk; slinking.]
[A.-S. slincan.]
of being slender.
1. To steal away
to sneak. 2. To miscarry, as a beast.
Slept, imp. & p. p. of Sleep.
SLIP, v. i. [-ped; -ping.] [A.-S.
Slew, imp. of Slay.
Sley (sla), n. [A.-S. six.] A weaver's
slipan.] 1. To slide; to glide. 2.
To part the threads of,
To sneak to depart secretly. 3. To
reed.
v. t.
err.
and arrange them in a sley.
4. To pass unexpectedly or im[-ED
-ING.]
[A.-S.
perceptibly.
SLICE, v. t.
v. t.
1. To convey
slitan.] To cut into thin pieces, or
secretly. "2. To part from the stem,
n. 1.
as a branch. 3. To let loose.
to cut off a thin piece from.
4.
To disengage one's self from.
A thin, broad piece cut off. 2. That
n.
1. Act of slipping.
which is thin and broad, like a slice.
2. An unintentional error. 3. A twig separated
SlIck, a. Sleek; smooth.
Slid, imp. & p. p. of Slide.
from the main stock. 4. An escape.
considerable.

Slen'der-ly,^i>. Slightly;

Wearing shoes,

a. 1.

out pulling up the heels. 2. Careless in manners, style, &c.

Slit, v. t.
[slit
slit, or slit-

with one mast.

force or strength.

Sleigh'ING (slaving), n.
the snow which admits

Sleight

(slit), a.

slaihts,

2_.

2.

scale for raising or lowering imposts in proportion

to the fall or rise of prices.

Slight

stable; changeable.

Slip'shod,
n.

-est, 142.] 1.
Sled.] A ve- Slim'y, a.
[-ER
Abounding or overspread with slime.
moving on snow

ice.

sleighs.

Sleep'er,

ceptibly.
n.
1.
easy passage. 2. One

wolf, too, TOOK; URN, rue, pull E,i,

;

o, silent

oblique.

Slop'py,

[-er; -est, 142.] [From

a.

Wet, so as

slop.]

Slop'-shop,

mado

n.

to spatter easily.

shop where ready-

clothes are sold.

See Slush.
n.

Slosh,
Slot, n.

[Cf. slit

path.]

Sloth,

or

also, Icel. slodi,

in a plate of metal.
[A.-S.
(20), n.
slewdh, sliiivdh, fr. slaw, slow.] 1.
2.
laziness.
slowSluggishness
slit

Sloth

moving South-American mammal.

Sloth'ful,

or Sloth'ful, a. Sluggish lazy indolent.

Sloth'ful-ly, or Sloth'ful-ly,
adv. In a slothful manner; lazily.
Sloth'ful-ness, or Sloth'fulNESS, n. Quality of being slothful.
Slouch, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Cf.
;

c,G,5o/!; e,G,hard; Ag; EIST; {[(uNfi; this-

SLOUGH
;

n.

down.

LSee infra.]
pression of the head or of

1.

de-

some other
part of the body. 2. An awkward,
heavy, clownish fellow.

Slough

[A.-S. slug,

(slou), n.

low place.]

place of deep

a hol-

mud

or

To be

sleep.
3.
activity.

n.

Slough

Ger. sluch,
skin of a serpent.] 1. Oast skin of a
serpent. 2. The part that separates
from a foul sore.
v. i.
To separate,
as the matter formed over a sore.
SLOUGH'Y (slfif'y), a. Of the nature
of the dead matter of a sore.
SLOVEN (or sluv'n, 58), n. [0. D.
A
sloef, slow, squalid, negligent.]
man or boy careless of dress and
[M.

(sluf), n.

II.

cleanliness.

Sl6v'en-li-ness {or sluv'n-), n.

Habitual want of cleanliness.
Slo v'en-ly (or sluv'n-), a. 1. Negligent of dress or neatness. 2. Disorderly.
adv. In a slovenly manner.
Slow, a. [-er -est.] [A.-S. slaw,
allied to Goth, slavan, to be silent.]
1.
Not swift
deliberate.
2. Not

Light sleep

Slum'ber-OUS,

not rapidly.

Slowness,

n.
slush.

v.

In a slow manner;
[being slow.
State or quality of
[See Slough.]
Soft

n.

Sludge,

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

[Of. Icel.

snua, to turn, bend.] To turn about

a fixed point, as a piece of timber.
To turn about to slip.
v. i.

[Allied

n.

to slack.]

1.

drone. 2. A kind of snail. 3. [Prob.

from the root of slay.] A piece of
metal, for the charge of a gun.
Slug'gard, n. [From slug and the
termination ard.] A person habitually lazy a drone.
;

Sluggish,
lazy.

a.

1.

Habitually idle and

Having little motion.

tame simple.

2.

Stupid

sluggish

SLUICE,

3.

ligently.]
1. To soil; to sully.
2.
lightly.
3. (Mus.) To perin a smooth, gliding style.
n.
1.
stain hence, slight reproach
also, an innuendo. 2. (Mus. )
mark

To pass

v^

or

connecting notes

],

same s\ liable.
SLOSH, n. [SeeSLUDGE and Slough.]
1. Soft mud.
2. A mixture of snow
and water. 3. A mixture of grease,
to be

sung

&c,

for lubrication.

-ing.]

Slut,

to the

v.t.
[-ED;
To smear with slush.
[D. slet, a rag, a slut, 0. D.

n.

slodde, a slut.] 1.
bitch.

2.

[careless.

a slut; untidy;
In a sluttish
[sluttish.

ous
ous

shrewd.

insidious.

Quality of being

State of being

[-er: -est.]

a.

Not large;

[A.-S. smdl,

minute.
Being of slight consequence. 3.
Evincing little worth or ability. 4.
Not prolonged in duration, o. Weak
mild.
n.
Slender part of a thing.
1.

a.

Small'-arms,
*

Somewhat

small.

Muskets,

[See Smelt.]
Glass of a
fine deep blue, used as a pigment.
SMART, n. [D. smart, smert, allied to

lum, vulgarly pron. as'y-lum ; but

SLUMP.] A dirty back street of
a city.
Slum'ber, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.

Lat. mors, death ] 1. Pungent, lively

pain. 2. Severe pain of mind.
v. i.
[-ED; -ing.] 1. To feel a lively, pun2. To be punished,
a.
gent pain.

cf.

slumerian,

E,

fr. slumtt, slumber.]

sleep lightly
to doze.
2.
;

I,

1.

To

pistols,

n. pi.

rifles,

&c.

Small'ness,

n. State of being small

littleness.

Small'-pox,

Smalt,

[Small, and pox,

n.

An eruptive

pocks.]

febrile disease.

n.

[-ER

-EST.]

1.

Causing a keen, lopoignant 3. Vig-

cal pain. 2. Severe

To have a

smite.]

knowledge.
knowledge.

n.

SmXt'ter-er.

WHAT

One who has only

n.

sciolist.

slight, super-

knowledge.
SMEAR, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S.
smerivian, snnrian, fr. smeru, fat.]
1. To daub.
2. To soil
to pollute.
ficial

Smell,

v.

[smelled, smelt;

t.

SMELLING.]

[L. Ger. smellen, sclimeZen, to smoke, to reek.]

1. To perceive by the nose.
2. To give heed
to.
v. i.
1. To affect the olfactory

nerves.

To have a

2.

quality. 3.

particular

To

exercise

the sense of smell

n.
I. Sense of
perception by the nose.
2. Quality
of any thing which affects the olfactory organs.
Syn.
Scent; odor.

SmEll'er,
The

n.

1.

One who

smells. 2.

nose.

Smelt, imp. &

p. p. of Smell.
n.
[See Smell.] A small fish, allied to
the salmon. It emits a peculiar odor,
whence the name.
v. t.
[-ED
-ing.] [Cf. Melt.] To melt as ore,
in order to separate the metal.
;

Smelt'er, n. One who melts ore.

SMELT'ER-Y, n. A place forsmelting
ores.

SMiCK'ER, v. i. [Icel. smeikr, slippery.]

To look amorously or wan

tonly.

S3HLE,

[-ed; -ing.]

v. i.

[0. Ger.

schmielen, allied to Skr. smi, to

1. To express pleasure or
laugh.]
kindness in the features of the face.
2. To look gay and joyous.
3. To
To express by
*be propitious.
v. t.
n.
a smile.
1. Act of smiling
a
peculiar look of pleasure, &c.
2.

Favor propitiousness.
Smil'ing-ly, adv. With a smile.
Smirch (18), v. t. [From the root of
smear.] To cloud to dusk to soil.
Smirk, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
smercian, smearician. Cf. SMILE.]
To look affectedly soft or kind to
n.
smile in an affected manner.

0,V,Y,long," ,$,1,6, X},t, short; CARE, FXR, ASK, ALL,

Money

n.

slight, superficial
Slight, superficial

a superficial knowledge

[0. Fr. escluse, L. Lai. exclusa, fr. Lat. excluder e, to shut out.]
passage
for water with a gate,
1.
for regulating the flow.
2. The
stream which flows through a floodgate. 3. Any thing regarded as flowing in a stream.
[from a sluice.
Slui'cy, a.
Falling in streams, as
SLUM, n. [Said to be a contr. of asy-

(-mfin'-),

little;

u smart

paid by a person to buy himself off.

n.
Quality of being
smart or pungent.
SmXsh, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [From the
root of smite.] To dash to pieces.
n.
A breaking to pieces.
Sm.Xt'ter, v. i.
[From the root of

or fishing vessel.

as,

sharply.

Smart'ness,

SMALL'ISH,

sloth.

n.

Smart'-mon'ey

Keenly

adv.

smack of any

2.

In a sluggish

SMART'LY,

[H. Ger. schlau.

Artfully dextermischievMarked by artful

Sly'-bo~"ots, n. A sly person.

Slv'ly, adv. Craftily; insidiously.
SLV'NESS, n. Quality of being sly.
Smack, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S.
smeccan, to taste.] 1. To kiss with a
loud sound.
2. To be tinctured.
v. t. 1. To kiss with a sharp noise. 2.
To make a noise with, as the lips, by
separating them after tasting. 3. To
crack, as a whip.
n.
1. A loud
kiss.
2. A quick, sharp noise, as of
a whip.
flavor.
3. Taste
4. [D.
smo.k, A.-S. snacc] A small coasting

more commonly

plied to persons, are

used in reference to dress;

appearance, &c.

2. Secretly
3.

Smarthns been much

used in New England to describe a person who is intelligent, vigorous, and active; as, a smart workman^ &c, coinciding
very nearly with the English sense of
clever.
The nearest approach to this in
England is in such expressions as, h
was smart (pungent or witty; in his reply. But smart and smartnesn, when ap-

and dexterous secrecy.

Syn. See Cunning.

Small,

Clever.

An untidy woman. Smat'ter-ing,

smal.]

Syn.- See Inert.

Slug'gish-ly, adv.
manner; lazily.
Slug'gish-ness, n.

A.,

Syn.

&

form

n.
A metal ball, with
a string attached, used for striking.
Slunk, imp. & p.p. of Slink.
Slur, v. t. [-red; -ring.] [D. slewren, sloren, to train, drag, to do neg-

not prompt.

behindhand.
Slow'ly, adv.

To

repose.

ing slumber.
Slump, v.i. [-ed;-ing.] [Cf. Icel.
slumpaz, slembaz, to be jolted suddenly.]
To sink suddenly through,
or in, as when walking on 6now, &c.
Slung, imp.
p. p. of tiling.

Syn. Dilatory; tardy. Slow is the

wider term, denoting either a want of
rapid motion or inertness of intellect.

SLUG,

orous sharp. 4. Active efficient. 5.

Vivacious witty. 6. Showy spruce.

Oausing or invit-

a.

Slut'tish, a. Like
Slut'tish-ly, adv.
manner.
Slut'tish-ness, n.
Dilatory signifies a habitof delaying the
performance of what we know must he Sly, a. [-EK; -EST.]
Cf. Sleight.]
1.
done. Tardy denotes the habit of being

ready

Slue,

a state of in-

in

SLUNG'-SHoT,

mire.

mud

SMIRK

398

Eng. sfug, slack.] To hang down

to have a downcast, clownish look or
To cause to hang
manner.
v.t.

ERE,

An

affected, conceited, or silly smile.

"VTglL, TE"

EM

PIQUE, FIRM

S6N.

SMITE

SNORE

399

snack, to snatch.] To seize abruptly,

[SMOTE SMITTEN, Smut'ti-ness, n. Quality of being
SMITE, V. t.
or without permission.
n.
1. A
smit; SMITING-.] [A.-S.smltan.] 1.
smutty.
hasty seizing.
2.
An attempt to
1.
[-ER -est, 142.]
3. To blast.
SmDt'ty, a.
To strike. 2. To kill.
seize suddenly.
3. A small piece or
2. Tainted with
4. To affect with passion, as love.
Soiled with smut.
quantity.
mildew. 3. Obscene.
Smit'er, n. One who smites.
One who Snack, n.
Smith, n.
[A.-S. smidh.]
[0. & Prov. Eng. snack, SnatcH'ER, n. One who snatches.
A share Snath, n. [A.-S. sn&d.] The handlo
works in metals.
to snatch, allied to snap.]
of a scythe.
an equal part or portion.
1. Workshop of a
Smith'er-y, n.
[-ed; -ing.]
Snaf'FLE, n. [L. Ger. snuff, snuffe, Sneak, v. i.
[A.-S.
smith. 2. Work done by a smith.
sni can, snacan. Cf. Snake.] 1 To
A bridle conSmith'y, n. Shop of a smith.
snuff, a snout, nose.]
creep or steal away privately. 2. To
sisting of a bit without branches.
Smit'ten, p. p. of Smite. 1. Struck;
behave with meanness and servility.
2. Affected by love
enamv. t.
[-ED -ING.]
To bridle to
killed.
n.
A mean, sneaking fellow.
manage with a bridle.
ored.
Smock, n. [A.-S. smocc] A woman's Snag, n. [From Gael. & Ir. snaigh, Sneak'ING, p. a. 1. Mean; servile.
niggardly.
2. Covetous
snaidh, to cut down, prune, sharpen.]
under garment a chemise.
Sneak'ing-ly, adv. Meanly.
1. A short branch, or a rough branch.
Smoke (20), n. [A.-S. smocca, smeoc]
2. Trunk of a large tree fixed to the Sneer, v.i. [-ed;-ing.] [Cf. snort,
1. The visible vapor from a burning
bottom of a river at one end, and
to laugh loudly.] To show contempt
v. i.
body. 2. Watery exhalations.
rising to the surface at the other end.
by turning up the nose, by a partic[-ed; -ING.] 1. To emit smoke. 2.
[-GED; -GTNG.] To injure
v.t.
ular cast of countenance, or by a
To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar.
2. To
or destroy by or upon a snag.
covert expression.
1. To apply smoke to.
v. t.
burn or use in smoking, as a cigar. 3. SwG'GEDJa. Full of short, rough
Syn. To scoff; jeer. The verb to
sneer implies to cast contempt indirectly
sharp
To subject to smoke, for the purpose Snag'gy, j branches or
To jeer is
or by covert, expressions.
points.
of annoying.
stronger, and denotes the use of severe
Smoke'-Jack, n. A contrivance for Snail, n. [A.-S.'^iag-e?, snagl, snxl,
sarcastic reflec tions. To scoff'is stronger
dim. of snaca, snake.]
1. An airturning a spit by means of the asstill, implying the use of insolent mockery and derision.
breathing mollusk, which moves very
cending air in a chimney.
slowly by creeping. 2. A sluggard.
Smok'er, n. One who smokes.
n.
1. A look of contempt or de[A.-S. snaca, fr. snacan,
Smok'i-ness, n. State of being smoky. Snake, n.
rision. 2. An expression of ludicrous
to creep, to sneak.] A serpent of the
Smok'y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] 1.
scorn.
2. Filled with
oviparous kind.
v. t. [-ED -ing.] Sneer'er, n.
Emitting smoke.
One who sneers.
1. To drag, as a snake from a hole. Sneer'ing-ly, adv.
With a look of
smoke, or with a vapor resembling
2. To wind round spirally, as a large
contempt.
it.
3. Liable to be filled with smoke.

4 L Tarnished with, or as with, smoke.

Smol'der,
Smoul'der,

[D. smeulen.] To
waste away by a slow
and suppressed combustion.
Smooth, a. [-er; -est.] [A.-S.
1.
Even
smedhe, smssdhe.]
not
rough.
2. Gently flowing.
3. Uttered without obstruction or hesitation. 4. Bland
mild.
v. t, [-ed
-ING.]
To make smooth.
Evenly; unobSmooth'ly, adv.
i

v. i.

blandly.
Quality or condin.
tion of being smooth.

structedly

Smooth'xess,

Smote, imp. of Smite.

SMOTH'ER (srnuth/er),
-ING.]

v.

[A.-S. smorian.)

t.

1.

[-ED

To

kill

by suffocation. 2. To stifle. 3. To
repress the action of; to suppress.
.
To be suffocated or stitied.
Smoul'der. v. i. See Smolder.
Smug'gle, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [L.
Ger. smuggeln, D. smokkelen; A.-S.
smeogan, smitgan, to creep, to flow
1. To import
or spread gradually.]
or export secretly, contrary to the
law. 2. To convey clandestinely.

('.

One who smuggles.

n.
1. Foul
[A.-S. smitta.)
matter, like soot, or the spot which

SMUG'GLER,
Smut,

n.

fungus on
obscenity. o. t.
1. To stain with
[-ted; -TING.]
2. To taint with mildew.
smut.
v. i.
1. To gather or be converted
2. To give off smut
to
into smut.

it

makes.

2.

parasitic,

grain. 3. Ribaldry

crock.

Smutch,

v.

smoke.]
n.
Stain

[From
[-ed; -ing.]
To blacken with smut.
dirty spot.

Smut'TI-ly, adv.
ner.

6s,

t.

Sneeze,

rope with a smaller one.

a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a snake
serpentine.
Snap, v. t.
[-ped -ping.] [Icel.
snapa.] 1. To break short.
2. To
strike with a sharp sound.
3. To
4. To crack,
bite or seize suddenly.
t\ i. 1. To break short.
as a whip.

Snak'y,

effort to bite.

3.

crack of a whip.

4.

sudden

severe interval, as of cold weather.

5. A small catch or fastening.
6. A crisp kind of gingerbread.
its flower.

are

sins

2.

which

shred.

SNIPE,

[H. Ger. schnebbe, schnibbe,

from its long bill.]
that
frequents the banks of
A bird
rivers and the borders of fens.

bill

[snappish.

n. Quality of being
[Icel. snara, snare;
n.
conGoth, snorjo, a string.] 1.
trivance for entangling birds, &c. a
trap
a wile. 2. Any thing by which

Snare

Snatch,

do WOLF, TOOjTOOlt; URN, rue, pull

2.

n.

v.

t.

E,

I,

One who
[-ed

o, silent

snarls.

-ing.] [0. Eng.

;

[-ED, -ING

i.

1.

To run

or

-LED,

at the nose.

io cry, as children.

SnIV'JBL-er, )n. Oue who cries with

SnIv'-EL-ler, )
snivelling.

v.

-LING, 137.]

one

In a smutty man- Snarl'er,

[Cf. Sniff and

Mucus running from

(sniv'l), n.

Snuffle.]

n.

so named

the nose.

Sniv'jsl

(4),

is entangled.
3. String across
v. t.
the lower head of a drum.
[-ED -ING.] To catch with a snare
to entangle.
Snarl, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [0. D.
snarren.] 1. To growl, as an angry
2. To speak roughly.
dog.
v. t.
[From snare.] 1. To entangle. 2.
n.
A
To embarrass; to insnare.
complication of hair, thread, or the
hence, embarrassing difficulty.
like

burning

brandy.
SNAP'PfisH, a. 1. Apt to snap.
2.
Apt to speak angrily or tartly.
Snap'pish-ly, adv. In a snappish

manner.
SNAP'PISH-NESS,

2. That
Perception by sniffing.
is taken by sniffing.
SnTg'Ser, n. and v. See Snicker.
Snip, v. t. [-ped -ping.] [Cf. Nip.]
n. 1. A single
To cut off; to nip.
cut, as with scissors.
2. A small
1.

1. A plant and
play in which rai-

from

n.

snatched

[Cf.

small, audible catches of voice.

n.
A half-suppressed broken laugh.
[See Snuff.] To draw
v. i.
air audibly up the nose.
v. t.
1.
To draw in with the breath through
the nose. 2. To scent to smell.
n.

Sniff,

and

Snap'-drXg'on,

-ing.]

To

n. 1. A
utter harsh, angry words.
sudden breaking. 2. A sudden seizing, or effort to seize, with the teeth.
3.

SNICK'ER, v. i. [Prov. Ger. schnickern,

from schnicken, to move quickly.] 1.
To laugh slyly. 2. To laugh with

To make an

[-ed

i.

2.

v.

A.-S. fneosan, to sneeze.]

To emit
air through the nose, audibly and
violently.
n.
A sudden and violent ejection of air through the nose.

Snob,
I

n. [Prov. E?;g. snob, snot, snot,

a miserable fellow.] A vulgar person,

who apes gentility, or affects the intimacy of distinguished persons.
Snob'BISH, a. Relath g to a snob.
[A modif. of snuff, to
Snooze, n.
snort.]
A short sleep a nap,
[

Colloq.]

Snore,

v.

v.
i.

i.

snora, a snoring

9, G, soft; e, 5, hard;

AS;

To

[-ed
;

EpsT;

sleep

to doze.

-ing.]
[A.-S.
Icel. snarka, to
;

N.

as

NG

SNOKT

Snout,

1. The
n.
[Icel. snhdr.]
long, projecting nose of a beast. 2.
Nozzle or end of a hollow pipe.
Snow, n. [A.-S. sn&w.] "Watery particles congealed into white or transparent crystals, or flakes, in the air.
v. i. [-ED -ING.] To fall in snow.
Snow'-ball, n. A round mass of
v. t. [-ED
snow pressed together.
-ING.] To pelt with snow-balls.
;

Snow'-bird,

n.

of various birds which

time of snow.

appear in

Blindness
caused by the light from snow.

SNOW'-DRIFT,

n.

A bank

n.

of

snow

n.

bulbous plant

bearing white flowers.

Snow'-plow,

Snow'-plougii,

A machine

n.

for

throwing snow

from a railway.

4.

this or that condition.

conj. Provided that

Therefore.

6.

2. Thus.
3. In
Yery in a high

or degree.

such manner.
degree. 5. In
in case that.

Soak, v.

[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S. socian.

1. To steep.
2. To
Cf. Suck.]
drench; to wet thoroughly.
v. i.
1. To lie steeped in water or other
fluid.
2. To enter into pores or int.

terstices.

Soak'ER,

A hard

drinker. [Low.]
[A.-S. sape, Lat. sapo.]
of acids obtained from
a fatty body, with alkalies or oxides.
~v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To rub or
wash over with soap.
n.

Soap'-BOIL/er,

magnesian

soft

mineral, having a soapy

feel.

SoAP'-stJDg, n. pi.
Water impregnated with soap.
a.
1. Resembling, or having

Soap'y,

Soar,

soap.

of,

i.

Smeared

2.

Snow-shoe,

into

[-ed

-ing.] [It. sorare,

fr. Lat. ex and aura, the air.]
1. To
2. To rise in
fly aloft, as a bird.
imagination.
n. A towering flight.
[-bed -bing.]
[A.-S.
Sob, v. i.
sedfian sidftan to complain, bewail.]
To sigh with a sudden heaving of the
1. A convulsive sigh.
breast.
n.
2. Any sorrowful cry.
So'ber, a. [-er -est.] [Lat. sobrius.]
1. Habitually temperate in
the use of spirituous liquors. 2. Not
v.

SNOW'-WHJTE,

a.

Snow'y,

White

a.

1.

White as snow.
like

snow.

2.

Full of snow.

[-bed; -bing.]

t.

snubba, to rebuke.

Cf.

[Icel.

Snip.] 1. To

check or rebuke with a tart, sarcastic remark.

2. To slight designedly.
SNUB'-NOSE, n. [Prov. Eng. snub, to
"A short or flat nose.
[Ger. schnuppe, fr. schnuppen, for schnupfen.]
1. Part of a
candle-wick charred by the flame.
2. Pulverized tobacco for snuffing up
v.t.
into the nose.
[-ED
-ING.]
1. To inhale. 2. To scent; to smell.
3. To take off the end of the snuff of.
v.t. 1. To inhale air with noise.
2. To take offense.
stunt.]

SnTiff, n.

Snuff'- bSx, n.
A box
snuff about the person.

SnOff'er,

n.

for carrying

An instrument

snuffs. 2.
for cropping the

v.

snuffelen.]

[-ed; -ing.]
[D.
or breathe hard

i.

To speak

through the nose

to sniffle.
n. 1.
air passing through
2. An affected nasal
;

Sound made by
the nostrils.
twang.

Snuf'fler,

n.

One who

snuffles.

A.-S. snican, to creep.]

1. Closely
pressed. 2. Concealed. 3. Compact,

convenient, and comfortable

To

4.
intoxicated.
3. Self-controlled.
[-ED; -ING.]
Serious.
v.t.ori.
To make or become sober.

lie close.

6, U, Y, long; X,

&

1 t 6,

v.

i.

[Lat. sorialis

converse.

So'ciAL-IgM, n. Doctrine or theory

of a better arrangement of tb social relations of mankind than that
which has hitherto prevailed.
So'cial-Ist, n. One who advocates
socialism.

[like, socialism.

S6'ciAL-i'ST'l, a.

Relating

to,

or

So'ci-al'i-ty (-shi-, 95), v. Quality

of being social.
[render social.
SO'CIAL-I/E, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
S6'cial-ly, adv. In a social way.
So-ci'E-TY, n. [Lat. societas ; socius,
a companion.] 1. A number of persons associated. 2. Any community,
esp. the more cultivated portion of

the followers of Socinus.

So-ci'N'l-AN-isM, v.
Tenets of those
who deny the Trinity, the deity of
Christ, the vicarious atonement, &c.
So'ci-ol'o-GY (so'shl-), n. The philosophy of human society
sc cial
;

science.
[Lat. soccus, a low-heeled,
n.
light shoe.]
covering for the foot
esp. the shoe worn by an ancient

Sock,

actor of comedy.
n.
[From sock.] An opening i:;to which any thing is fitted.
So-crXt'IC,
a.
Pertaining to

Sock'et,

So-RA T'i-AL, J Socrates, or to his

manner of teaching i. e. by ques;

tions lending to the desired result.

So-cr.Xt'ic-al-ly, adv.
cratic method.

Sod,

n.

In the So-

Earth

[D. zode, zoo.]

filled

with the roots of grass turf.

v. t.
[-ded; -ding.] To cover with sod
;

So'ber-ly, adv. In a sober manner.

to turf.
So'ber-mind'ed, a. Having a dis- So'DA, n.
position or temper habitually sober.
So'ber-ness, n. State of being so-

ber ;_ temperance
So-BRI'E-TY, n.

gravity.

1.

Habitual sober2.
Habitual

ness or temperance.
freedom from passion.
without sadness.

3.

(so'bre-ka'),

from

sot, foolish,

id.]

n.

and 0. Fr.

Gravity
[Fr.,

briquet,

nickname,

[A.-S. sdc, power of holding

n.
court, sway, domain.] 1. Power or
privilege of holding a court in a dis2. Liberty of tenants excused
trict.

So'AGE,

n.

tenure of lands and

of being sociable.

So'cia-ble

(so'sha-bl), a.
[Lat. sociabilis, fr. socius, a companion.]
1.
Disposed to company. 2. Ready to

converse.
3.
Affording opportunities for conversation.

S5'ciA-BLE-NESS (so'sha-bl-), n. Inclination to company and converse.

C, , short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

[From Lat. salsus, salted.]

An alkali composed of one equivalent
of oxygen and one of sodium.
So-dXl'I-ty, n. [Bat. sodalitas; so-

dalis, a comrade.]
A fraternity.
n.
Simple water
highly charged with carbonic acid.
SoD'DEN, p. p. of Seethe.
S6'Dl-tJM, n.
[N. Lat., fr. soda.] A
yellowish -white metallic element;
the metallic base of soda.
Sod'om-ite, n. 1. An inhabitant of
Sodom. 2. One guilty of sodomy.

.SO'DA-WA'TER,

Sod'om-Y, n. Unnatural copulation.

SO'FA (20), n. [At. soffah, fr. saffa,

from customary burdens.

tenements by a determinate service.
SO'ciA-BfL'1-TY (so'sha-), n. Quality

Snuf'fljss. (snuf'flz), n. pi. Obstruction of the nose by mucus.

SnCff'y, a. Soiled with snuff.
Snug, a. [-ger -gest.] [Allied to

[See infra.]

Soc,

snuff of a candle.

Snuf'fle,

Sobriquet

One who

1.

socius. a
companion.] 1. Pertaining to society.
2. Disposed to mix in friendly
converse. 3. Consisting in mutual
a.

n.

So'CIAL,

any community. 3. Companionship.

One who makes So-CIN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Socinus
or his religious creed.
n.
One of

n.

soap.

with soap.

n.
light frame,
worn to prevent
the feet from

I,

manner

the qualities

Snow'-sitoe,

sinking
snow.

Soap'-stone,

driven together by the wind.

Snow'-drop,

other to get a close place.

SnCjg'ey, adv. Closely safely.
Snug'ness, n. State of being snug.
1. In that
So, adv.
[A.-S. swa.]

SOAP (20), n.
The popular name
A compound

Snow'-blTnd'NESS,

A, E,

so-

pi.

SOFT

400

with a harsh noise in sleep.

Snort, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [From
snore.]
To force the air with violence through the nose, as a horse.
Snot,m. [A.-S.J Mucus in or from
the nose.
[mean dirty.
SNOT'TY,a. Foul with snot hence,

v.

To breathe with a hoarse SnOg'GLE, v. i. [-ed -IN&.] [From So'CIA-BLY (so'sha-), adv. In a
sleep.
ciable manner
familiarly.
n.
A breathing
snug.]
To move one way and the

crackle.]
noise in

Snub,

WHAT

',

long ornato dispose in order.]

seat, with a stuffed bottom.
pi. SO'FIg.
[Per. sfifi, or
;
[the Sons.
A dervish.
soft..]
So'fism, n. Doctrine or principles of
Sof'FIT, n. [It. soffitta, soffitto, fr.
Lat. suffixus. fastened beneath or below.] Under side of staircases, archwavs, cornices, &c.
Soft (21), a. [-er; -est.] [A.-S.
1. Easily yielding to
softe, sdft.]
pressure. 2. Not rougb to the touch.

mental

So'fI, n.

'

ERE, VEIL, ?ijBI4; PIQUE, FIRM f S6N.

;;

SOFTEN

Soft'-heart'ed, a. Gentle meek.

Soft'ly. adv. In a soft manner
;

quietly

mildly.

Soft'ness, n. Quality' of being soft.

Sog'gy, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] [Icel.
Cf. SOAK.]
Filled
soggr, damp.
with water wet.
A word used in calling from a distant place.
Soi-disant (swa'de'zong'), a. [Fr.]
Calling himself self-styled.
Soil, f. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S. sylian,
selan.]
1.
To make dirty on the
surface. 2. To cover with any thing
v.t.
extraneous. 3. To manure.
;

So-HO', inUrj.

Fr. saoler, saouler, to satiate,

Lat. satidlare, from satullus, dim. of
satur, sated.]
To feed, as cattle with
1.
n.
green food cut for them.
Stain
foulness
spot.
2.
Dirt
3.
[Lat. solum, bottom,
tarnish.
[0.

Upper stratum of the earth

mold. 4. Compost manure.
soil.]

SOIREE

(sw;Vra'), n.

evening.]

part of any thing.

marine

flat

4.

fish.

[Lat. solea.]
[-ED
v.t.

To furnish with a

-ING.]

sole.

a.

[Lat. solus.] 1. Being or acting with-

out another.

S5l'e-CISM,

Unmarried.

2.

n.

[Gr. croAoiiacrju.6?,

fr.

the corruption of the Attic dialect

by the Athenian colonists of 26Aoi,

soft.

gently

SOLSTICE

401

3. Agreeable to any sense or feel. 4.

Effeminate. 5. Gentle in action or
motion. 6. Not tinged with salts,
adv.
7. Easy;
quiet,
as water.
Gently; quietly.
[-ED;
S5ft'jsn (sof'n), v. t. or i.
-IHS.] To make or become soft or

more

;
;

An

[Fr.,

fir.

soir,

evening party.

in Cilicia.]
1. Impropriety in language, or a gross deviation from the
rules of syntax. 2. Any absurdity.
Syk. Barbarism.
Sol'e-cist, n. One wh^ commits a

relate to the

internal constitution or*

bodies; but hard denotes a firmer adherence of the component parts than

Hard

solid.

opposed

is

to

and

soft,

solid to fluid or liquid. Wood is always

solid ; but some kinds of wood are hard,

and

others are soft.

n.

1. A firm, compact substance

held in a fixed -"orm by cohesion

among
which

its particles. 2.

has

length,

magnitude
and

breadth,

thickness.

solecism.

Sol'e^ist'ic,

Pertaining to, or

a.

involving, a solecism.
Singly

Sole'ly (109), adv.

Sol'emn (sol'em), a.

from Oscan

solennis,

Sovlem/ni-ty,

and

sollus, all,

religious rite
or ceremony. 2.
steady seriousness.
3. Affected gravity.
4. Appearance calculated to inspire with
n.

1.

feelings.

Sol'EM-NI-ZA'TION;
emnizing

Act of

n.
celebration.

SdL'l-DAR'I-TY, n.

[Fr. solidarity,
solide, solid.]
Consolidation of
interests and responsibilities.
So-lid/i-fi-a'TION, n. Act of makfr.

alone.
[Lat. solemnis,
;

Lat. annus, a year, prop, that which

takes place every year, esp. religious
solemnities.] 1. Marked with religious
rites and pomps. 2. Fitted to awaken
or express serious reflections. 3. Affectedly grave.
Syn. See Grave.

solemn

Cubic. 4. "Worthy of credit, trust,

or esteem.
Syn-. Hard.
Solid and hard both

sol-

ing solid. _

So-lid'i-fy, v.

or

t.

[-ed

i.

-ing,

142.] [Lat. solidus, solid, and facere,

to make.] To make or become solid.
So-lid'i-ty, n.
1.
State of being
solid.

Moral firmness or sound-

2.

ness.

Solid contents of a body.

3.

S6l'id-ly,' adv.
ly

Densely

compact-

firmly.

Sol'id-ness,
solid

Quality of being

n.
solidity.

SoLaD-UN'GU-LOUSja. [Lat. solidus,

solid, and ungula, a hoof.]
Having
hoofs that are not cloven.
Sol'i-fid'I-an, n. [Lat. solus, alone,

and fides, faith.] One who main[From S6L'EIYI-NiZE,1\ t. [-ED; -ING.] 1.

tains that faith alone is sufficient for
Lat. sub. under, about, and diurnus,
To perform with solemn ceremonies
justification.
a. Pertaining to the
belonging to the day.] To dwell for
to
or legal forms. 2. To celebrate
Solifidians._
a time.
n. A temporary residence.
make famous.
[emn manner.
So'JOURN-ER, n. A temporary resi- Sol'emn-ly (-em-), adv. In a sol- SO-LIL'O-QUIZE, V. i. [-ED; -ING./
To utter a soliloquy.
[porary residence. Sol-fX', v. i. [-ED -ING,
_dent.
144.] [From
So-lil'o-quy, n. [Lat. soliloquium
SO'JOURN-MENT (so'jurn-), n. Temthe syllables sol, fa.] To pronounce
solus, alone, and l<Wii, to speak.] A
Sol (20), n. A syllable applied to the
the notes of the gamut.

So'joOrn,

v.

[-ED

i.

-ING.]

fifth

tone of the diatonic scale.

[-ED; -ING.] I.
v. t.
2. To assuage.
grief.

Soi/ace,

To

cheer in

Syn.

To comfort;

alleviate; allay.

n.
[Lat. solatium, fr. solari, to
comfort.] Alleviation of grief, anxiety, or distress.
Stn.
See Comfort.

Sol'ace-ment,
state' of

So'LAR,

Act of solacing, or

w.

being solaced.

the
sun.] 1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the sun. 2. Measured by
the progress of the sun.
Sold, imp. Sep. p. of Sell.
SOL'DER, V. t. [-ED -TNG.] [Lat.
solidare, fr. solidus, solid.] To unite
che surfaces of, as metals, by means
n. A meof a more fusible metal.
tallic composition for uniting the
surface of metals.
a.

solan's;

[Lat.

sol,

Sol'dier (sol'jer,

[Lat. solipay of a sol-

77), n.

dus, a piece of money,

dier.]
1.
One who is engaged in
military service, especially a private.
A
brave
warrior.
_2.
Sol'dier-ly (solder-), a. Like or

becoming a
martial.

real

soldier
brave
[body of soldiers.
;

Sol-feg'gio

n.

(sol-ied'jo),

[It.,

gamut.] (Mus.) System of arranging the scale by the

names do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, by

fr.

sol/a, the

taught.
-ing.]

is

[-ed

self.

and
whose

[Lat. solus, alone,

An animal

[Lat.

deavor to obtain.
action

To

3.

excite

to

to invite.

SynJ To ask; request; supplicate;

entreat; implore; importune.
So-LfelT-A'TlON,
liciting.

n.

1.

Act of

so-

So-LIC'IT-OR, n. 1. One who solicits.

2. One admitted to practice in a
court of chancery or equity.

SO-LI^IT-OR-GEN'ER-AL,

n.

A legal

officer of the crown.

[Eng.]
So-LIC'IT-Otis, a. Eager to obtain, or
anxious to avoid concerned.
SO-LIC'IT-OUS-LY, adv. Anxiously.
;

A woman who

n.

of

(30),

Uneasiness
fear of

n.

mind occasioned by the

evil or

wolf,tgo s 200ii; Orn,rue,pt;ll;

Syn.
Loneliness; seclusion ; retirement.
Retirement is a withdrawal from
general society. Solitude describes the
tact that a person is alone; seclusion,
that he is shut out from others, usually
by his own choice; loneliness, that
feels the pain and oppression of bein'"

alone.

Sol'MI-za'TION,

n.
[From the no.
Act of sol-faing.
so'lo.
[It., from
;
Lat. solus, alone.] A tune or strain,
played by a single instrument, or
sung by a single voice.
SoL'STigE, n. [Lat. solstitium, from
sical notes sol, mi.]

So'LO,

solicits.

So-Li9'l-TUDE

the desire of good.

e,

i,

2. Invitation.

So-lic'IT-ress,

living alone. 2. Not much visited

retired.
3. Single
individual.
nOne who lives alone a recluse.
Sol'I-tude (30), n. [Lat. solitudo,
fr. solus, alone.]
state of being
1.
alone. 2. Destitution of company.
lonely place.
3.
;

26

n.

pes, pedis, a foot.]

hoof is not cloven.

Sol'i-taire', n. [Fr. See Solita

RY.] A certain game which one person can play alone.
[solitary.
sollicitare,
solicitare, fr. sollicitu-*wholly moved, from Oscan sollus, Sol'1-ta-ri-ness, n. State of being
Sol'I-ta-ry,
solitarius, fr.
a.
[Lat.
whole, and citus, moved.] 1. To ask
solus, alone.] 1. Inclined to be alone
from with earnestness. 2. To en-

which singing
So-l1'9'it, v. t.

Sol'dier-y (sol'jer-), n. A collective Sol'id, a. [Lat. solidus, from, solum,

SOLE.n. [A.-S.; Lat. solea.] 1. Bot1. Having the conthe bottom.]
tom of the foot. 2. -Bottom of a
stituent parts firmly cohering. 2.
shoe or boot. 3. Bottom or lower
Not hollow or spongy dense. 3.
or, do,

talking to one's

S6l'[-ped,

o, silent

sol,

n.

sun,

pi.

and

to stand.]

sistere, stiti, to cause

Point in the ecliptic at

which the sun

9, G, soft; , S, hard} AS.;

is

furthest from the

ejist; n as ng; this

SOLSTITIAL

Sol'u-ble,

SOREL

402

#quafor, or time of the sun's entering such point.

Sol-stPtial (-stish'al), a. Relating
to, or happening at, a solstice, esp.
[solution.
the summer solstice.
Sol'U-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of
[Lat. solubilis, fr. solCapable
vere, to loosen, dissolve.]
of solution.
So-LU'TION, n. [Lat. solutio, from
1. Dissolvere, to loosen, dissolve.]
entanglement of any intricate proba.

One who soothes.

sleep.
[sleep.
i.
To predict.
Som-nam'bu-lIsm, n. A walking in Sooth'say-er, n. A prognosticator.
Som-nAm'BU-lIst, n. One who walks Sooth'say-ing, n. The foretelling
SOM-NXM'BU-LIC,

Walking

a.

in

Sojdth'er,

n.
Sooth'say, v.

in his sleep.

of events.

SoM-NJfF'ER-ous, a. [Lat. sornnifer

somnus, sleep, audferre, to bring.]
Causing or inducing sleep.
SoM-NiVl, a. [Lat. sownijicus ; somnus, sleep, and fucere, to make.]
Causing sleep.
[in bis sleep.
Som-nil'o quIst, n. One who talks
Som-njl'o-quoOs, a. [Lat. somnus,

lem or question. 2. Disintegration.

sleep, and loqui, to speak.] Apt to
3. Action by which a solid becomes
talk in sleep.
[sleep.
fluid when brought in contact with
A talking in
a fluid. 4. Preparation made by SOM-NlL'o-QUY, n.
SoM'NO-LENf 'E, In. [Lat. somnodissolving a solid in a liquid.
lentia.]
Soi/U-TfVE, a. Tending to dissolve. Som'no-len-cy, )
Sleepiness
S6lVA-bIl'I-ty, n. Ability to pay
drowsiness.
Som'NO-lent, a. Sleepy drowsy.
all just debts.
SolVa-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being Soiu'no-lent-LY, adv. In a somnolent manner.
solved.
2. Capable of being paid.
(

Soot'i-ness

SolVa-ble-ness,

n.

Quality of be-

Solve,

v.

vere.]

[-ed; -inc.] [Lat.

t.

Solv'e n-^y,
SOLV-END',

n.

n.

[debts.
Abilitv to pay all
[Lat. so'vendus, from

Solution.]

See

solvere.

sol-

To loosen or separate the

2. To clear up, as what is

1.

parts of.
obscure.

sub-

stance to be dissolved.
a.
1. Having the power
of dissolving.
2. Able to pay all
just debts.
n.
A fluid that dissolves any substance.

One who

n.

SO'MA-TOL'O-UY,?/.

solves.
[Or. <TOifjia,ad!)iJLa-

tos, body,A6-yos, discourse.] Doctrine

of the general properties of bodies.

Som'ber, )
SSm'bre,)
dusky

[From Lat. sub umbra,

under shade.]
Dull;

a,

cloudy

SOM'BROUS,

gloomy.

Gloomy

a.

somber.

SOME

(sum), a. [A.-S. sum.] 1. Consisting of a greater or less portion.

2.

4.

portion

used pronominally.

S6me'bod-y (sum'-), n. 1. A
unknown or indeterminate.

to beget. J

A male descendant, however distant.

3. Any male person spoken
of as a child. 4. Produce of any
thing. 5. Jesus Christ.
So'nant, a. [Lat. son ans, sounding.]
1. Pertaining to sound.
2. (Pron.)
Uttered with intonated or resonant
breath vocal, not surd.
2.

So-na'ta,

n.

SOM'ER-SAULT
S6m'er-set

bresaut,

fr.

(stiui'er-),

rupted

person
2.

n.
[CorFr. sou-

fr.

jupra, over, and

A leap with heels

sudden and com-

Lat.

leap.]

over head. 2.
plete change.

1. A thing unden.
termined. 2. A part
a portion,
more or less.
adv. In some degree somewhat.
S6me'time, adr 1. Once; formerly.
2. At one time or other hereafter,
[and then.
Some'TIMES, adv. At times; now
Some'what, n A certain quantity
or degree, ind^nrminate.
adv. In
some degree ot quantity.
S6me'where, adv. In one place
or another.

S6me'tk:ng,

[It

from sonare, to

position for one or two instruments.

SONG, n. [A.-S., ft-, singan, to sing.]
1. A short poem to be sung.
2. A
lay

a poem.

Song'ster,

A mere trifle.
One who siugs espe3.

n.

a bird that sings.

Song'stress, n. A female singer.
So-nI'f'er-OUS, a. Lat. sonus, sound,
and. ferre, to produce.] Producing
sound.
cially

Son'-in-law

A man

(155), n.

ried to one's daughter.

[It. sonetto,

fr.

mar-

suono,&

Lat. sonus, a sound.]

of fourteen lines.
SSn'NET-EER', n. A composer of sonusually in
nets or small poems
fr.

-EST, 142.]

consisting of, or soiled b\ soot.

[A.-S. sype, fr. sTipav to sip,
i. Something eatable
steeped in any liquid. 2. Any thing

So-no'roOs

Yielding sound
Magnificent in respect of
2.

[manner.
sound.
So-NO'ROfrs-LY, adv. In a sonorous
So-NO'ROtJS-NESS, n. Quality of being sonorous,

[son filiation.
State or character of a
SOON (28), adv. [A.-S. sona, suna.]
wil1. In a short time. 2. Readily
;

SqN'SHfP, n.

lingly.

SOOT

[A.-S.

(so"bt or stTot), n.

&

Icel.

A black substance formed by

[-ED; -ING.]
combustion.
v. t.
To foul with soot.
Soot'er-kIn,tc. [Of. Prov. Ger. suttern, to boil gently.] A kind of false
sot.]

birth.

n. [Gr. o-o^io-Tvys.]
tious or fallacious rcasoner.

cap-

S6ph'ist-er,ti.

[See supra.] (Eng.

Univrrs'nifs.)
A student advanced
beyond the first year of his residence.
So-phist'I-al, a. Pertaining to a
sophist, or embodying sophistry.
So-phist'I-AL-LY, adv. In a sophistical manner.
SO-PHlST'I-ATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To remler worthless by admixture
;

to pervert.

So-phIst'i-ATE,
So-phIst'i-ca'ted,

a.

Adulterated
not
;

genuine.

So-PHisT'i-eA'TiON, n. Adulteration
debasement^
[achdterates.
So-phIst'i-ca'tor, v.
One who
Scph'ist-ry,m. Fallacious reasoning
ScPH'o-MORE, n. [Prob. fr. Soph or
Sopliistfr, and Gr. juwpc?, foolish.]
;

One belonging to the second of the

four classes in an American college.
a.
Pertaiuing
to, or like, a
(
sophomore: inflated in style. \Amer.]
SoP'O-RiF'I-e, a. [Lat. sopor, a heavy
sleep, &n&Jacere, to make.] Causing,
or tending to cause, sleep.
n.
A
medicine to induce sleep.

Sopb'O-mor'ic,
Soph'o-m6r'I-al,

Sop'o-ROSE^^),

Sop'O-rous,

a. [Lat. soporus.]

Causing

sleep.

o,v.y, long; A,E,I,6,tJ,-,s/u?r*; cAre, fXr, ask, all,

n. [It., fr. soprano, suhighest.]

The treble the

perior,

highest female voice.

Scr'c/ER-er.

[L. Lat. sortiarius,

fr. Lat. sors, sortis, a lot, fate.]

n.

conjurer an enchanter.
Sgr'cer-ess, n. A female sorcerer.
SoR 9ER-ous, a. Relating to sorcery.
SoR'^ER-Y, n. Divination by the as:

sistance of evil spirits magic.

Sor'did, a. [Lat. sordidus.] 1. Vile
base. 2. Meanly avaricious.
Sor'did-LY, adv. Meanly; basely;
[liness.
covetously.
:

Sor'did-ness, n. Baseness niggardSore, n. [A.-S. sar.] 1. A part of

;

ruptured or bruised, so as to be
[-ER,
a.
2 An ulcer.
painful.

flesh

-EST

Tender

1.

painful. 2. Easily

pained, grieved, or vexed.

afflictive

n. [Lat.

I, e, I,

fal-

lacy designed to deceive.

[ality.

SOOTH, n. [A.-S. sodh.] Truth resom- SOOTHE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.

nus, sleep, and ambulatio, a walking
gesddhian, to soothe, flatter.] 1. To
about.] Act of walking in sleep.
to assuage.
flatter. 2. To soften

Som-nAm'bu-la'tion,

Any

eo-0ai, to play the sophist.]

Soph'ist,

(118), a.

or loud sound.
3.

given to pacify.
v. t.
[-PED;
-PING.] To steep or dip in liquor.
S5'PHt, n. See Sofi.
SoPH'I.sm, n. [Lat. <r6<f>io-fioL, fr. crotfu-

[Lat. sonorus,
sonor, a sound.] 1. Giving a clear

vocal.

taste, soak.]

^O-PRA'NO,

contempt.
fr.

n.

[-ER;
Producing, pertaining

jto,

An extended musical com-

sound.]

A rhymed poem

person of consideration.
[other.
Some'how, adv. In one waj' or an-

saltus,

sfi,

3. Not much; a lit- Son'net, n.

About; near. 5. Apart; a
sound, song,

certain.

tle.

[A.-S. sunu, Skr. sunn,

1. A male child.

(sfln), n.

Solvent,

^olVer.

Son

from

ing solvable.

sow-),

or

(scTot'y or soot'5-), a.

Sop, n.

(sc/bf-

Quality of being sooty.

Soot'y

distressing.

Severe;
1.
adv.

3.

With pain. 2. Greatly; violently.

SoR'EL, n. [Dim. of sore, a buck.]
buck of the third year.

what; ERE,

veil,

trm; pique, firm;

s6n,

SORELY
SORE'LY,a/7v.

Sore'ness,

n.

tenderness painfullness.
Sor'ghum (sor'gum), n. A genus of
caues, of which some species are used
for the manufacture of sugar.
;

So-RI'TES,

n. [Gr. o-ajpeiVrj? (sc. crvAAoyioyw)?), lit. heaped up; hence, a

heap of syllogisms.] An abridged
form of stating a series of syllogisms.
So-ROR'I-C'IDE, n. [Lat. sororicida,
fr. soror, a sister, and aedrre, to kill.]

The murder, or the murderer, of a

Sor'rel,

a. [0. Fr. sor, sore, yellowOf a yellowish or reddish brown color.

n. 1. A yellowish
or reddish brown color. 2. [A.-S. stir,
sour.] A plant having a sour juice.
S6r'RT-LY, adv. In a pitiful manner.

SoR'ROW,

[A.-S. sorg, sork, allied

to sor?.] Pain of mind produced by
the loss of any good, real or supposed, or by disappointment in the
expectation of good; regret.
n.

Syx.
Grief; sadness.
Sorroto denotes suffering of mind, from the loss of
some good, or disappointment in our expectation of good. Grief expresses a
poignant or uncontrollable degree of
sorrow, which presses down the mind
under a sense of loss. Sadness is that depression of thought and f'-eling Which is
a frequent but not invariable result of
sorrow.

v.

8orro_w.

manner.

[ful

Sor'row-ful-ly, adv. In a sorrowSor'row-ful-ness, n. State of being sorrowful

Sor'ry,

grief.

[-ER

a.

-est, 142.] [Allied

and sore.] 1. Grieved

some evil. 2. Melancholy
3. Poor
mean.

to sorrow
pained for

dismal.

S6rt,m.

[Lat. sors,sortis, a lot, part.]

kind or species. 2. Manner

1.

form.

3.

and hence, a class. Sort signifies that

which constitutes a particular lot or parnotimplying, necessarily, the idea of
affinity, but of mere assemblage.
The
two words are now used to a great extent
cel,

interchangeably.

v.

S6t'tish-ness,7i. Stupidity, especially from intoxication.

Sotto Voce

[It.]
(sot'to vo'cha).
With a restrained voice.
Sou (sob),n. ; pi. sous (sob). [Fr. sou,
sol, from Lat. solidus. See SOLDIER.]
French mone.y , and coin, worth the

20th part of a franc.

[Chin, se ou chong,
i. e., small, good quality.] A kind of
black tea.
Sough (suf) ; r.?\ [-ed -ing.] [A.-S.
seqfian, siofian, to groan. Cf. SIGH
and Sob.] To whist, e or sigh, as the
wind.
n. A buzzing or hollow murn.

mur.

&

Sought

(sawt), imp.
p. p. of Seek.
Soul, n. [A.-S. s&wel, sap}/., saul.] 1.
The spiritual, rational, and immortal
part in man. 2. The animating or
essential part. 3. Leader inspirer.
;

Any

noble manifestation of the

a man.
5. A person
Soul'less (109), a. Without a soul
4.

moral nature.

mean
Sound,
1.

3.

spiritless.

a. [-er
-est.] [A.-S. svnd.]
2. Healthy.
Entire; unbrokeu.
;

Firm

strong.

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

and place

in distinct

reduce to order.
cull.

v.

i.

1.

3.

Founded in
Heavy laid on

4.

truth weighty. 5.
with force.
6. Profound
undisturbed. 7. Free from error. 8. Legal
valid.
adv. Soundly; heartily.
n. 1. [A.-S. sund, a swimming.] Airbladder of a fish. 2. [A.-S. sund, for
swumd, fr. sivimman, to swim.] A
narrow passage of water a strait. 3.
[A.-S. sundline, a sounding line.] A
probe of any kind. 4. [0. Eng. sovn,
Lat. sonus, noise.] A sensation received by means of the ear. 5. Noise
;

without signification.
v. i.
1. To
use the lead in searching the depth
of water. 2. To make a noise. 3. To
be spread or published.
v. t. [-ED
-ING.] 1. To measure the depth of
by means of a line and plummet. 2.

To examine to test.
To utter audibly.
;

4.

To play on.
To cause to

3.
5.

be reported.

noise.

n.

A sounding-board.

making
p. a. Sonorous
n.
1.
Act of emitting
;

sound. 2. pi. Any part of the ocean

or other water where a line will reach
the bottom.

To separate
classes.
2. To
SOUND'ING-BOARD, n.
1.
A thin
To select; to
board to propagate the sound in an
1.

To be joined with

others of the same species to agree.

2. To associate.
3. To suit
to fit.
S6rt'a-ble, a. Capable of being;

sorted.

organ, violin, &c. 2. A structure

with a flat surface, over a pulpit to
give distinctness to a speaker's voice.
SouND'LY, adv. In a sound manner.
Sound'ness, n. State of being sound
freedom from error or fallacy.
Soup, n. [See Sop and Sup.] Broth,
highly seasoned.
Sour, a. [-er; -est.] [A.-S. shr.]
1. Sharp to the taste; acid; tart.
2. Coagulated, as milk
rancid. 3.
Harsh of temper. 4. Disagreeable to
the feelings.
5. Expressing discon;

Gor'tie,

n.
[Fr., from snrtir, to go
out.] The issuing of troops from a
Jbesieged place to attack the besiegers.
Sor'TI-lege, n. [Lat. sors, sortis, a
lot, and legere, to select.] A drawing
_of lots.

S5'-so,

Sot,

n.

OR, do,

Passable; tolerable.
[A.-S. sot, L. Lat. sottus,

a.

fr.

wolf, too, TOOK URN, RUE, PULL

;

E,

v.

I,

bed.

v.

To

1.

t.

acid.

unkindly.

To make harsh or
To make cross or crab1. To become acid.
2
2.

3.
i.

To become peevish or crabbed.

SOURCE,

[Fr. source, fr. sourdre,

to spring forth or up, fr. Lat. surge??,
to lift or spring up.] 1. That from
which any thing proceeds. 2. Spring
fountain-head. [See ORIGIN.]
SoUR'-ROUT, \ n. [Ger. sauej-kravtj
n.

Sour'-krout,

i.
e.,
sour-cabJ
Cabbage cut fine, and sufbage.]
fered to ferment.
Sour'ish, a. Somewhat sour.

Sour'ly, adv. In a sour manner.

Sour'ness, n. State of being sour.
Souse, n. [A modif. of sauce.] 1.
Pickle made with salt. 2. Something
pickled; esp. the ears, feet, &c, of
swine. 3. A plunging into water.
v. t. [-ED -ing.] 1. To plunge into
water. 2. To steep in pickle.
v. i.
[Cf. Ger. sausen, to rush, bluster.]
To fall suddenly, as a bird on its prey.

South,

[A.-S. sfidh, for sundk,

n.

fr.

1. Point of compass opposite to the north. 2. Any

particular land considered as opposed
to the north.
a. Lying toward the
south, or in a southern direction.
adv. Toward or from the south.
South, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
move toward the south. 2. To come
to the meridian
said of the moon.
South-east', n. The point equally
distant_from the south and east.
South-east'er-ly, ( a. Pertaining
South-east'ern, J
to, or proceeding from, the south-east.
South'er-ly (suth'er-ly ), a.
BeSoOth'ern (siith/ern),
longing
)
to, or proceeding from, the south
proceeding toward the south.
South'ern-er, n. A native of the
south or Southern States.

sunne, the sun.]

South'ern-most

(stitib/ern-most,

Furthest toward the south.

n.
1.
Motion to the
south. 2. Time at which the moon
passes the meridian.
3. Course or
distance south.
South'ron (sutb/-), n. An inhabitant of the south a southerner.
South'ward (or siitb/ard), adv. Toward the south.
n.
Southern re20), a.

Southing,

Sound'-board,
Sound'ing,

tent.

make

Dull or stupid, especially

with intemperance.
SoT'TlSH-LY, adv. Stupidly.
a.

Degree of any quality.

Out of sorts, in ill-humor; unwell.

Kind.
Kind originally deSyh".
noted things of the same family, or
bound together by some natural affinity;

habitual

drunkard.

Sot'tish,

i.
[-ED; -ING.] To feel pain
of mind in consequence of evil experienced, feared, or donfe.
S6R ? ROW-FUL,a. 1. Full of sorrow.
2. Producing sorrow.
3. Expressing

An

Chald. shoteh, foolish.]

Spu-CHONG',

sister.

ish brown.]

SOVEREIGN

[-ed; -ing.]

4.03

Grievously greatly,
State of being sore;

O, silent

C, G, soft

-e,

gions.

South-west',

Point equally

n.

tant from the south

and

South-west',
South-west'er-ly,

a.

dis-

west.

Pertaining
to, proceed-

ing from, or lying in the direction of,

the south-west.

Soufh-west'er,

n.

storm from

the south-west.

South-west'ern,

a.

In the direc-

tion of south-west, or nearly so.

(soov/neer'), n.
[Fr.]

Souvenir

'

remembrancer

A.

a keepsake.
(s6Ver-in or sttv'er-in,
[0. Fr. soverain, suverain,
22), a.
fr. Lat. svperus, upper, higher.]
1.
:

Sov'er-eign
Supreme

in

power

2. Effica-

chief.

cious in the highest degree predominant.

n.
1. A supreme ruler.
2.

G,hard; Ag

EIST

as

NG

THIS.

SOVEREIGNTY
A

scatter over.
v. i. To scatter
seed for growth.
JSow'ER, n. One who sows.
kind of sauce for fish.
SOY, n.
Spa n. A spring of mineral water
from a place of this name in Belgium.
SPACE, n. [Lat. spatium ; spatiari,

To

3.

to walk about.] 1. Extension room.

Interval between two or more obQuantity or interval of
3.
jects.
4. A small piece of metal,
time.
used to separate words or letters.
[-ed; -ING.] {Print.) To arv. t.
range the spaces in or between.
Spa'cious, a. 1. Vast in extent. 2.
Having large or ample room.
;

2.

To strike on the breech with SPA-THA'CEOCs, a. Having or rethe open hand to slap.
sembling a spathe.
SPANK'ER, n. 1. [From spank.] Af- Spathe, u. [Lat. spat/ta, Gr. airde-r}.]
span,]

ter-sail of

person.

Ample;

Widely

exten-

[tent.

sively,

Largeness of exn.
[A.-S. spadu, spad, Gr.
instrument for digv. t.
suit of cards.
2. pi.

Spa'cious-ness,

Spade,

n.

1.

o-rrdOi).]

ging.

An

To

[-ed; -ing.]

dig with a spade.

Spa-di'ceous

[Lat.
(-djsh'us), a.
spadix, spad ids, a date-brown color.]
Of a light red color.
Spa-dille', n. [Sp. espadilla, dim.

Moving with a

a.

quick, lively pace.

Span'ner,

An

n.

Eng. spaad spat.

[0.

makers.
(4), V.

t.

[-ED; -ING.]

1.

To use frugally;

To save from danger or punishment.

v. i.
To he frugal or parsimoni-

ous.
a. [-ER -est.] 1. Not abundant. 2. Parsimonious. 3. Over and
above what is necessary. 4. Held in
reserve.
5. Wanting flesh.
Spare'ness, it. Thinness leanness.
;

Spare'-r'ib, n.
Ribs of pork with
little tiesh on them.
Spar'ing, a. 1. Scarce. 2. Scanty.
3. Saving
chary.
;

Spark,
gan,

n.
[A.-S. spearca, and sprinto spring.] 1. A small particle of

fire.

2.

A small,

feeble germ.

4.

transient light. 3.

to span, join.]
horses driven together.

spannan,

pair of

[Amer.]
-king.] 1. To measure with the fingers extended. 2. To
measure to compass.
Eng.
Span'drel, n. [Eng. span,
v.

[-ned

t.

The irregular triangular

spande.]
space between the. curve of an arch
and the rectangle inclosing it.
Span'gle, n. [Prob. fr. A.-S. spannan, to span, clasp, join.] A small
v.
plate or boss of shining metal.
[-ED -ING.] To set or sprinkle
t.
[Spain.
with spangles.
Spaniard (-vard), a. A native of

Span'iel

breed

of

dog.]
A
ety of dog.

Span'ish,

little

[-ed: -ing, 140.]

v.
emit sparks. 2. To twinkle.
flash, as with sparks.
?'.

Spark'ler,

11.

One who,

spark.
1.

3.

To
To

or that

which, sparkles.

Spark'LING, jo. a. Emitting sparks.

SPAR'ROW,n. [A.-S. spearwa , speara.]
One of several species of small birds.

Spar'row-hawk,

ii.

species of

short-wiDged hawk.

Spar'ry, a. Resembling
Sparse, a. [-er;-est.]

spar.

and

Re-

Having a spathe
spathaceous. 2. Hav1.

SPAT'TER,

t.
[-ED;-ING.] [From
the root of spit.] To sprinkle with
any wet substance, as water, mud,

r.

or the like.

SPAT'TER-DXSH'ES, ii. pi. [Spatter

and dash.] Coverings for the legs.
Spat'u-la, n. [Lat. spalvla, dim. of
spatha. Cf. Spade.] A thin.broadbladed knife, for spreading plasters.
a.
Shaped like a spatula, or .like a battledoor.

Spat'u-eate,

Spav'in, n.
[From 0. H. Ger. sparu-ari, a sparrow-hawk, because it

makes a horse

raise its leg, like a

sparrow-hawk.]
A swelling in or
near some of the joints of a horse.
SpAv'injbd, a. Affected with spavin.
Spawn, v. [A.-S. spanu, spana, a
teat
0. II. Ger. spanian, to milk.]
:

1.

Eggs offish or frogs when

ejected'
v. t.
or de-

Any product cr offspring.

[-ED;-ing] 1. To produce

2.

posit,

as

fishes

their eggs.

2.

To

bring forth;- -in contempt.

v.i.
To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs.
-ing.]
Spay, v. t. [-ed
[Cf. W.
yspaddu, to geld, Gr. a-irdhwv, a
;

eunuch,
out.]
obs.);

o-Traeiv, a-nqv,

fr.

To
v.

to

draw

extirpate the ovaries of.

[spoke (spake, nearly

i.

SPOKEN; SPEAKING.]

[A.-S.

spreran, specan.] 1. To utter words

or articulate sounds. 2. To express
opinions. 3. To utter a speech or
harangue. 4. To give sound.
v. t.
1. To utter with the mouth.
2. To
declare.
3. To converse in.
4. To
accost. 5. To make known. 6. To
communicate.
[spoken.
Speak'a-ble, a.
Capable of being
Speak'er,??. 1. One who speaks. 2.
One who presides over a deliberative

assembly

a chairman.

Speak'er-ship, ii. Office of speaker.

Spear, 7i. [A.-S. spere, speore.] 1. A
long, pointed weapon a lance. 2.

[Lat. sparsus, p. p. of spargere, to scatter.] Set

or planted here

forma, form.]

there.

Sparse'LY, adv. Thinly.

SpXrse'ness, n. State of being sparse.
SPAR'TAN, a. Pertaining to Sparta

shoot, as of grass.
[-ED
v. t.
-ING.] To pierce or kill with a spear.
v. i.
To shoot into a long stem.

Spear'man

(ISO), n.
One who is
armed with a spear.
Spear'mint, n. A species of mint.
Spe'cial (spesb/al), a. [Lat. speci-

undaunted.
alis, fr species.]
1. Pertaining to,
[Gr. 0-7ra.a7u.6s, fr a-n-deip,
or constituting, a species. 2. Exdraw, convulse.] 1. An inuncommon. 3. Limtraordinary
voluntary and morbid contraction of
ited in range.
muscles. 2. A sudden, violent effort.
Syn. See Peculiar.
Relating to
1.
SPAS-MOD'IC. a.
spasm consisting in spasm. 2. Soon Spe'cial-ist (spesh'al-ist), n. One
who devotes himself to a specialty.
relaxed or exhausted.
Re- Spe'ci-al'i-ty (spSsh'!-), n. 1. A
SpXs'TTC, a
[Gr. a-rrao-TiKos.]
2. A
particular or peculiar case.
lating to spasm.
a specialty.
special occupation
Spat, imp. of Spit.
hence, hardy

n.

this
vari-

Spaniel.

a.

I,

a.

a-rrav, to

Pertaining to Spain.
n.
The language of Spain.
SpXnk, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From
A, E,

2.

SPASM,

(-vel),

[From Hhpaniola, where

was the best
n.

gay.

Lat.

Spath'ose,
SPATH'OUS,

A Speak,

showy, gay

brisk,

Ace of spades.
man. 5. A lover.
of espada, a sword.]
1.
Airy
SPAN, n. [A.-S. spann.] 1. Space Spark'ish, a.
Showy well-dressed.
from the end of the thumb to the
end of the little finger when extend- Spark'le (spark'l), n. A
ed nine inches. 2. A brief portion
of time. 3. Extent of an arch between its abutments. 4. [From A.-S.

[A.-S.
to

save. 2. To part with reluctantly;

to give up, 3. To dispense with. 4.

and

[N. Lat. spathvm.

a.

ing the characters of spar.

Cf.

Ger. spat, a splinter.]

Any
earthy mineral that breaks with regular surfaces, and has some degree
of luster. 2. [Icel. sparra.] A mast,
yard, boom, or gaff.
v. i.
[-RED
-RING.] [Cf. A.-S. spyrian, to inquire, argue, dispute.]
1. To contend with the fists to box.
2. To
dispute- to quarrel.
SPAR'A-ELE, n. [Corrupted fr. sparrow-bill^] A small nail used by shoe-

spar i an.]

Like

a. [Ger. spath, spar.]

foliated or lamellar.

Spatu'1-foem,

sembling spar in form.

2.

II.

SPARE

sheath -formed involucre.

spar,

One who spans.

1.

instrument used to tighten nuts

on screws.
Spar, n. 1.

M.

SPATH'iC,
spar

Spank'ing, p.

Spa'cious-LY, adv.

a ship or bark. 2. A stout

[Eng.] 3. Something very

large.

Ample
capacious.
implies largeness in quantity or amount,
spaas, ample room, ample resources
cious denotes wide physical extent or
space, as, a spacious hall; capacious denotes, literally, the power of holding
much, and hence wide or comprehensive, as, a capacious mind.
Syn.

SPECIALITY

404

coin of England, worth 20

shillings sterling, or about $4.84.
Sov'ER-EIGN-TYf (soVer-in- or suv'Exercise of, or right to
er-in-), n.
exercise, supreme power, [hog kind.
Sow, n. [A.-S. sugu.] Female of the
Sow, v.t. [-ed -ed, or -N -ING.]
[A.-S. sawan.] 1. To scatter, asseed.
2. To spread abroad; to propagate.
.cold

0,U, Y,lo.ng; AjSjijO,

t),

%, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

TEEM; PIQU2, FIRM;

SON.

;,

SPECIALLY
(spesh'al-), adv.
Particularly
especially
SPE'CIAL-TY (spesh'al-), n. 1. A par2.
ticular or peculiar case.
contract uuder seal
3. That which one
of
special
attention.
makes an object
[Of. obs. speSpe'cie (sp5'shy-), n.

of which light is composed, separated by a prism.

Spec'u-lar, a. Having the qualities
of a speculum or mirror.
-ING.]
SPEC'U-LAXE, V. i.
[-ED
[Lat speculari. -lalus, to spy out,
observe, fr. specere, to look.]
1. To
think philosophically or abstractly
with
the
to meditate.
2. To buy
expectation of selling at a profit.
SPEC'U-LA'TION, n. 1. Act of speculating as, (a.) Meditation; contemplation, (b.) A buying, in expectation of selling at an advance.
2. Mere theory
conjecture.
Given to, or
SPEC'U-LA-TIVE, a.
concerning, speculation theoretical.
SPEC'U-LA'TlVE-LY, adv. In a spec-

cies, coin]
Coin hard money.
GPE'cies, (spS'shdz), n. sing. &

pi.

specere, to behold.]
1.
conception subordinated to another
conception, culled a genus. 2.
Glass of beings, associated according
to attributes, or properties determined by scientific observation. 3.
fr.

Sort

>.

kind.

[Lat. species, a particular sort, and facrrc, to make];

SPE-CIF'I.

a.

Pertaining to, characterizing, or

constituting a species. 2. Definite
//.
A remedy
limited; precise.
[manner,
supposed to be infallible,

1.

Spe-cif'ic-al-ly, adv
Spec'i-fi-ca'tion, .
specifying.

2.

written

In a

specific

1.

Act of

Particular mention.
statement containing

an enumeration of particulars.

Any thiug specified.

Spc"'i-fv, v. t. [-ed;
[See Specific]

[Lat., fr. specere, to behold.]

mirror or looking-glass a reflector.
Sep. p. of Speed.
;

Sped, imp.

Speech,

A specimen

Speak.]

is

Spell'ing-book

orthography.

(27).

A book

n.

for teaching to spell and read.

SPEL'TER, n. [L. Ger. spialter.]
Pewter. \ Zinc.
SPEN'CER,n. [From a certain
Spencer.]
short over-jacket.

[See

Lord

Spend,

v.

t.

[spent

spending.]

[A.-S. spendan, fr. Lat. e.rpende re or.

dispendere, to weigh out, expend.,
dispense.] 1. To dispose of to part
with. 2. To bestow for any purpose.
To consume
3.
to waste.
4. To
pass, as time. 5. To exhaust of
strength.
v. i.
1. To make expense. 2. To be lost or wasted.
Spend'er, . One who spends.
;

Sperm' a-ce'ti,

n.
[Lat. sperma,
sperm, cetus, a whale.] A fatty matter from the head of a kind of whale.
SPER-BIAT'IC,
a.
Pertaining to,
Sper-mat'1-AL, j
orconsisting of,
semen.
1

Sper-mXt'O-CELE,

V. i. [-ED -ING, 142.]

[Eng. speech, and Lat. factre, to
To make a speech.
Speech'LESS, a. Destitute or deprived of speech dumb mute.
SPEECH'LESS-NESS, n. State of being
;

make.]

n.

[Gr. <nrpp.a.,

sperm, and kijAtj, a tuswelling of the spermatic

a-rrepfiaros ,

mor.]

SPEECH'I-FV,

a representative of the class of things to

which it belongs: as. a sjiecimen of photography.
sample is a part of the
thing itself, designed to show the quality of the whole as, a sample of sugar
or of broadcloth.

Power

1.

GUAGE.

and quality of the whole.

Syx. Sample.

[See

[Lat., fr. spectre, to

intended to exhibit

n.

n.

of speaking. 2. Words, as expressing ideas. 3. A particular language.

4. A formal discourse.
Syx.
See Hakaxgue and Lax-

To mention,

A part

behold. J
the kind

Act of naming the

2. Formation of

1.

letters

particular thing.

Spec'i-mex,

words with

4.

-ing, 142.]
as a

n.

of a word.

letters

[lates. Spendthrift, n.
One who spends
ulative manner.
money profusely a prodigal.
Spec'U-la/tor, n. One who specnSPEC'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Exercising spec- SpRM (14), n. [Gr. <mep\xa., fr. cnrei1. Animal seed.
ulation speculative.
peiv, to sow.]
2.
Spermaceti. [Colloq.] 3. Spawn.
SPE'U-LUJM, n.; pi. SPE'V-LA.

3.

The colored and other rays Spell'ing,

[Lat.]

[Lat.,

SPHINX

405

SrEciAL-LY

vessels.

Spew

(spu), v. t. or
[A.-S. speqwian.]

SPHXC'E-LA'TION,

i.

[-ed

-ing.]

To vomit.
[-ED

-ING.]
[Gr. o-^xxKeAos, gangrene.]
A becoming gangrenous; mortification.
n.

Spe'CIOUS,

[Lat. speciosus ; species,

look, appeai-ance.] Apparently right
superficially fair, just, or correct.

Syx.

a.

speechless.

Speed,

With a

fair

ap-

pearance.

1.

1.

lerity.

moving forward with

Favorable issue

2.

cesuccess.

Srx. See Haste.

Speed'i-ly, adv. In a speedy man.

{ a.
[Gr. a^v, a
wedge, and elSos,
)
likeness.]
Resembling a wedge.
SPHERE, n. [Lat. spkera. Gr. o-^aipa.]

Speie'noid,
;

spOhaste.

fr.

small
spot or blemish, extraordinary or
noteworthy. 2. A very small thing.
[-ED; -ING.]
To stain in
v. t.
spots to spot.
[A.-S. specca.)

speeded

n.

n.

[A.-S. spedan,

u-an, to succeed.] 1. To make

To prosper to succeed.
v. t. 1.
To cause to make haste. 2. To cause
to succeed. 3. To bring to a result.
4. To ruin.
Syx.
To dispatch hasten ; accelerate; hurry.

Plausible apSPE'CIOlJS-NESS, n.
pearance fair external show.

Speck,

[sped

?'.

2.

See Plausible.

Spe'cious-ly, adv.

v.

SPEEDING.]

Sphe-noid'al,

A body, every part of the surface

of which is equally distant from a
point within, called its center. 2.
An orb or star. 3. Circuit of action,
knowledge, or influence.
4. Rank
order of society.
Syx. See Globe.
v.t.
[-ed; -ING.]
To place in
a sphere.
SphEr'ic,
) a.
Pertaining to, or
Spher'ic-al, j
having the form of,
a sphere globular.
[a sphere.
Spher'IC-AL-ly, adv. In the form of
SPHE-RIC'I-TY, ii.
Quality of being
spherical roundness.
[sphere.
Spher'ICS. n. sing.
Science of the
1.

ner quickly.
[Dim of speck."] Speed'i-ness, n. Haste dispatch.
SPEED'Y, a. [-ER -EST, 142.] Swift
v. t. [-ED
a speck.
nimble rapid in motion.
-ING ] To mark with small spots of
Spell, v.t. 1. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S.
a different color.
spelian, to supply another's place.]
SPE'TA-LE, n. [Lat. spertacvlum
1. SomeTo relieve; to help. 2. [SPELLED; SPHE'ROID, n.
fr. spectare, to look at.]
[Gr. er<aipoei6'7Js,
or SPELT
SPELLING.] [A.-S. spelthing exhibited to view. 2. pi. An
spherical o-^cupa, sphere, and etSos,
lian, to relate.]
optical instrument used to correct
To read
with
form.] A body nearly spherical.
[cles.
out. 3. To tell the letters of, as a Sphe-roid'al,
some defect of vision.
a" Having the
word. 4. To write or print with the Sphe-roid'ic-AL, j
Spe'TA-CLD, a. Wearing spectaform of a spheSpec-tac'u-lar, a. Pertaining to
proper letters.
v. i. To form words
roid.
spectacles.
with the proper letters.
n.
1. ReSPHER'ULE (53), n. A li*tle sphere.
Spec-ta'tor, n. One who sees or
lief of one by another in any work.
Sphinx'.' n.
[Lat.
<^^prw?>
2. A short period a season.
beholds a witness.
[er
3. [A,sphinx, Gr. or^)iy,
^J|||3Ep
Spec-ta'tress, n. A female behoid5. spell, history, tale, speech, a magic
from a4>lyyfw, to^)
Spe-C'ter, n. [Lat. spectrum, an apcharm.] A verse repeated for its
bind tight, as if the
Spec'TRE, j pearance, fr. spectre, to
magical power hence, any charm.
throtrler.] Afnhled
An apparition; a ghost; a Spell'-bound, a. Locked up by a
look.]
monster,
which
Sphinx.
[ter
ghostly.
phantom.
spell or charm.
proposed
riddles
Spec'tral, a. Pertaining to a spec- Spell'er. n. 1. One who spells. 2.
and put to death all who were unSPEe'TRUM, n.; pi. spp.e'TRA.
A spelling-book. [Amer.]
able to solve them.
:

SpEck'le

little

(spek'l), n.

spot

DO,

wol*\TOO,TOOH;

t>RN 3 rue,

PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

9,&,

soft;

,&,hard;

As;

EXIST; NasN&; THIS.

SPHRAGISTICS
SPHRA-Gls'TlS,

n. sing.

SPlN'NER,n. One who spins.

1. To refine.
2. To imbue with spir.
Spin'ner-et, n. An organ with which
ituality.
[manner.
spiders and some insects form their SpTr'it-U-AL-ly, adv. In a spiritual
silk or webs.
Spik'it-u-ous, a. 1. Having the qualSpin'ning-jen'ny, n. A machine for
ity of spirit; active; pure.
2. Con-

[Gr. cr^pa-

The scieuce of seals.

]
n. [L&t. species, a species ; Late
Lat. spices, drugs, &c, of the same
sort.]
1. An aromatic and pungent
/ts,

a seal

SPICE,

spinning wool or cotton.

vegetable production. 2. That which

resembles spices also, a small quan-ING.] To season
v.t. [-ED
tity.
or perfume with, or as with, spice.
SPi'CER-Y, n. Spices in general.

Spi'n'ning-wheel,

[Lat. spkulum, a
Spie'u-LAR, a.
Resembling a dart.
dart.]

termination

man

SPI'RAL

SPIR'IT, n.

[Lat. spiritus, fr. spirare,

1.
Breath.
2. Life,
to breathe.]

considered independently of corporeal existences. 3 The intelligent and

immortal part of man. 4. A disembodied soul. 5. A specter a ghost.
6. Any remarkable manifestation of
life.
7. One of great activity or peculiar characteristics of mind.
8.
Temper or disposition of mind often
in the pi., animation
cheerfulness.
9. pi. Hence, a liquid produced by
distillation
esp. alcohol.
10. Intent real meaning. r. t.
[-ED
-ING.] 1. To excite to encourage.
2. To convey rapidly and secretly
Spir'it-ed,>. a. Animated; full of
spirit or fire.
[manner.
SPlR'IT-ED-LY, adv.
In a spirited

spilt
1. To

[A.-S. spillan.]

suffer to fall or run out. 2. To shed,

or suffer to be shed, as in battle.
v. i. To be shed to be lost or wasted.
BPiN,V.t. [SPUN; SPINNING.] [A.-S.
spinnan, allied to span.] 1. To draw
out and twist into threads. 2. To
extend to a great length. 3. To pro4. To twirl.
v. i.
1. To
tract,

2. To draw and
practice spinning.
twist threads. 3. To whirl, as a top.
4. To stream or issue iu a thread.
SpLn'ACH (sphVej), n. [Lat. spina,
SPIN'AGE ) a thorn, prickle
from
its pointed leaves.]
A garden plant.
Spi'nal, a. Pertaining to the spine.
Spin'dle, n. [A.-S. spindel, fr. spin1. The rod in spinnan, to spin.]
ning-wheels by which the thread is
twisted. 2. An axis or arbor.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.]
To grow in a long,
slender stalk or body.
[person.
Spin'dle-shanks, n.
tall, slender
Spine, n. [Lat. spina, a thorn, the
spine.] 1. A sharp woody process; a
I

SpTr'it-lesr,
dejected

2.

The back-bone.
)

a.

Wanting auimation

depressed.
spiritless
[or vigor.

manner.
SPIR'IT-LESS-NESS. n. Want of life
Spir'it-oDs, a. Like spirit; refined.
SP1R'IT-U-AL, a.
1.
Consisting of
incorporeal.
inspirit
2. Mental
;

'

tellectual. 3. Pertaining to the soul;

pure holy. 4. Ecclesiastical.
:

Spir'it-u-al-Ism, n. 1. State of being spiritual." 2. Doctrine that all

exists is spirit or soul.
3. A
belief in the frequent communication
of intelligence from the world of
[in spiritualism.
spirits.
SpiR'IT-U-AL-Ist, n. One who believes
Spir'it-u-al'i-ty, n. 1. State of. be-

which

n.
[L. Lat.
spinellus, fr.

Lat. spina, a thorn, prob. from its

pointed crystals.]
hardness.

Spi'R'it-less-ly, adv. In a

thorn.

Spi'nel, or SpT-nel',
fJPI-NELLE' (spi-neP),

coil,

tered with perceptible emission of

breath
said of/, v, th, &c.
Spire, n.
[Lat. spira, Gr. anelpa, a
coil, spite; Iccl. spira, pinnacle.] 1.
A winding line like the threads of a
screw. 2. A body that shoots up to a
point a steeple. 3. A stalk or blade.
;

mineral of great

Spin'et, or SpT-nt', n. [From Lat.

ing spiritual. 2. That which belongs
spina, a thorn, because its quills reto the church, or to an ecclesiastic.
semble thorns.]
An instrument of Spir'it-u-al-i-za'tion, n. Act of
spiritualizing.
music resembling a harpsichord;
now superseded by the piano-forte. Spir'it-u-al-ize v. t. [-ed -ing.]

A, E,

I,

0,U, Y, ZongV&jikljOj tJ,Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

Spit, n.

Of a

1.

SPURT.
spiral form.

2.

(30), n. [Lat. spissiliido;

Thickness of soft

[A.-S. spitu, Icel. sp'ita, a

nail, spidt, a spear.]
1. An

wooden

iron prong on which meat is roasted.

2. A point of laud running into the

Saliva. v.

sea. 3.

spira,

[Lat.

Winding like a screw.

Spi'RAL-ly, adv. In a spiral form.
SPJ'RANT, n. [Lat. sr>irans,spirantis,
breathing.]
A consonant sound ut-

small peg
[D. spijl.] 1.
to stop a hole. 2. A stake driven ina pile.
to the ground

[spilled

(89), a.

spire.]

[points.

Spill, v. t.
SPILLING.]

exhaled or inhaled.

is

a.

Pyramidical.
dense.]
substances.

fluid

&

SPiR'Y,

spissus,

difficult.

pacity of the lungs.

v. t.
i.
See

SPIRT,

SpIs'si-tude

proceedings.
Full of spiues thorny.

{or spl'ra-kl, 89), n. [Lat.

spiraculum, fr. spirare, to breathe.]
small aperture in animal and vegetable bodies, by which air or other

Having a sharp point or

Spile, n.

An unmarried wo-

SPiR'A-LE

oil.

machine Spi-Rom'e-ter. n.
breathe, and Gr.

used in legal

SPIN'Y, a. 1.
2. Perplexed

or abounding with spices.

2. Pungent; pointed.
Spi'der, n. [For spinder, fr. spin, so
named from spinning his web.] 1.
An animal that spins webs for taking
frying-pan.
its prey.
2.
[From spick, for spike.]
Spi'g'ot, n.
A peg to stop a small hole in a cask.
Spike, n. [Icel. sp'tkari, allied to Lat.
1. A sort of
spica, & point, dart.]
3.
2. An ear of g~"ain.
large nail.
A shoot, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
fasten or set with spikes.
Spike'let, n. A small spike.
SPIKE'NARD [colloq. spik'nard), n.
[See Spike and Nard.] 1. An aromatic plant. 2. A fragrant essential
to,

Spik'y, a.

ster.

sisting of refined spirit

ardent.
[Lat. spirare, to
p.erpov, measure.]
An instrument for measuring the ca;

[Lat. spiculum, die of

n.
mispicum, spica, a point, dart.]
nute, slender granule or point
Spi'cy, a. [-er; -est, 142.] I. Per-

taining

n.

for spinning, in which a wheel drives

a single spindle.
Spi-n6s'I-ty, n. State of being spiny.
Spinous, a. Full of spines thorny.
CPIW'STER, n. [From spin and the

SPICULE,

SPLENDIDLY

406

t.

[-ted

-TING.]

1. To thrust a spit through.

2. To
pierce. 3. [spjt spitting.] [A.-S.
spit tan, spsBtan.]
To eject from the
mouth, as saliva.
v.i.
To throw
out saliva from the mouth.
Spite, n. [Abbreviated from despite.]
;

Itaucorous

ill-will

malignity.

Malice. Malice denotes a spirwhich desires evil to others. Spite is

a temper which delights to express itself
in bitter and cutting language, or in low
and irritating actions.
S yx.

it

v.t.
at

[-ed:-ing.]

1.

Tobeangry

to hate. 2. To injure to thwart.

a. Filled with spite
ma;

SPlTE'FUL,

lignant; malicious.
SpIte'ful-ly, adv.

[manner.

In a

spiteful

SpIte'ful-ness,

n. State of being
spiteful malice.
Sp'it'fire, n.
A passionate person.

Spit'ter,
SpIt'tle,

n.

One who

spits.

?i.
[From. Eng. spit.] The
matter secreted by the salivary
glandsj saliva.
[spittle.

Spit-toon', n.
A vessel to receive
Splash, v. t. [-ed -ing.] Allied
to plash.]
To spatter with water, or
mud.
v. i.
To strike and dash
about water.
v. * Water, or water
and dirt thrown upon any thing.
Splash/y, a. Full of dirty water;
wet and muddy.
Splay', a. [Abbrev. fr. display.] Dis:

tvrrned outward.
n.
A foot having the
sole flattened instead of concave.

played

Splay'-foot,

SPLAY'-FOOT'ED,

Having a wide

a.

[in derision.

foot.

Splay'-mouth, n. A mouth stretched

Spleen, n. [Gr. o-rrX-qv.] 1. A glandular organ to the left of the stomach
the milt. 2. Anger; ill-humor. 3.

Melancholy.

Spleen'ish, a. Spleeny.
Spleen'y, a. 1. Peevish

fretful. 2.

Melancholy.

Splen'dent,

n. [Lat. splendens.] 1.
Shinine. 2. Illustrious.
SPLEN'DID, a. [Lat. splmdidus, fr.
Shining;
1.
splendero, to shine.]
magnifi2 Showv
very bright,
famous.
cent.
3. Illustrious
:

Splen'did-LY, adv. In a splendid

manner brightly.
;

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL,

j2r.:.I;

PIQUE FIRM
.

SPLENDOR

SPRIGHTLINESS

407

Splen'dor,

n.
1. Great brightness
Sp6n'gi-ness, n. Quality of bei^g Spot, n. [From the root of spit.] 1
A mark on a substance made by
briiliaucy. 2. Great show of richness
spongy.
foreign matter. 2. A stain on charand elegance. 3. Eminence.
Spon'ging-house, n. A bailiff'^
acter.
3. Any particular place.
SPLEN'-TI (123), a. Affected with
house to put debtors in before being
v. t.
[-ted -ting.]
spleen.
n. A person affected with
1. To distaken to jail.
color
to stain
spieen.
to blot. 2. To note
Spon'GY, a. 1. Soft and full of caviSplice, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Allied
so as to insure recognition. 3. To
ties.
2. Wet; drenched.
to split.]
tarnish, as reputation.
1. To unite as two ropes,
SPON'SAL, a. [Lat. sponsalis, from
Without a spot esp.
by interweaving.
2. To unite, by
sponsus, a betrothal.] Relating to Spot'less, a.
lapping two ends together, and bindfree from reproach or impurity.
marriage.
[Lat. sponsio, from Spot'less-ly, adv.
In a spotless
ing.
n. 1. Union of ropes by inter- SPON'SION, n.
spondere, to promise solemnly.] Act
manner.
weaving the strands. 2. Connection
Spot'less-ness, n. Freedom from
of becoming surety for another.
by means of overlapping parts.
[spotty.
spot or stain.
Splint, n. [See Splinter.] 1. A Spon'sor, n. [Lat.] 1. A surety. 2.
piece split off; a splinter. 2. A thin
A godfather or godmother.
Spot'ti-ness, n.
State of being
Full of spots.
piece of wood to protect a broken Spon'ta-ne'i-TY, n. Quality or state Spot'ty, a.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
Spous'al, a. Pertaining to a spouse,
bone when set.
of being spontaneous.
Marriage;
n.
To confine with splints, as a broken Spon-ta'ne-oDs, a. [Lat. spontaneus,
or to a marriage.
;

limb.

pieces

n.

split oif.

To

sjwnte, of free will.]

1. Proceeding from natural feeling or disposition, or from a native internal proneness or tendency.
2.
Proceeding
from internal impulse, without exfr.

thin piece of wood

or i.
[See Split.]
split or be split into long thin

Splin'ter,

v.

t.

to shiver.

SplIn'ter-y, a. Resembling spliuters.

Split, v. t. [split; splitting.]
[Icel. splita.]
1. To divide lengthto
wise
to cleave.
2. To burst
rend. 3. To separate into parts or
parties.
v. i.
1. To part asunder.
n.
1.
2 To burst with laughter.
;

A
A

crack, or longitudinal fissure. 2.

breach, as in a political party.
SplCt'ter, n. A bustle; a stir. v.
-ing.] To speak hastily
[-ejo
i.
and confusedly.
Spoil, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat. spo;

liare.]

To plunder

1.

seize

by

violence.

mar.

i.

To ruin

To

vitiate

v.

to destroy.

To

to rob. 2.

3.

to
i.

To practice plunder. 2. To be
corrupted; to decay.
n.
That
which is taken by violence pillage.
SPOIL'ER, n. 1. One who spoils; a
plunderer. 2. One who corrupts.
Spoke (20), imp. of Speak. n. [A.-S.
spaka.] 1. One of the small bars of
2. Round of a ladder.
a_ wheel.
SPOK'EN (spok'n. 20), p. p. of Speak.
SPOKES'MAN (150), n. [From speak,
spoke, and man.] One who speaks
for another.
Spo'li-ate, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
spoliate, -acum.] To plunder; to pillage.
v. i.
To practice plunder.
Spo'LI-A'TION, n. 1. Act of plunder2. Robbery in
ing; despoliation.
war, esp. at sea, under authority.
Spon-da'I, a. Pertaining to a spondee consisting of spondees.
Spon'dee, n. [Gr. o-nwSeto? (sc.
slow,
ttous), fr. <nrovSrj, a libation
1.

solemn melodies, chiefly in this mehaving been used at libations.]

A poetic foot of two long syllables.

ter,

"

Sponge

(spuuj), n.

a-TToyyta..]

1.

[Lat. spongia, Gr.

fibrous and porous

ternal force.
Syx.
Voluntary.
What is voluntary is the result of a volition, or act of
choice: it therefore implies some degree
of consideration, and may be the result
of mere reason, without excited feeling.
What is spontaneous springs wholly from
feeling by a kind of outburst of the mind
which admits of no reflection as, a spontaneous burst of applause. Hence, the
term is sometimes applied to things inanimate.
Spon-ta'ne-ous-ly, adv. 1. Of one's
own accord. 2. By its own force.

SPON-TOON',

n.
[It. spontone, from
spuntare, to break off the point.]
kind of half pike.
Spo"*ol, n. [D. spoel.] A hollow cylinder of wood, used to wind thread
on.
v. t.
[-ED ; -ING.] To wind
on_ spools.
Spoon, n. [A.-S. spOn, spoon, a chip.]
A small concave basin with a handle,
used in partaking of food.
Spoon'b'ILL, n. A wading bird, al-

the heron
so
the shape of the bill.

lied to

Spoon'ful

As much

(155), n.

as a

spoon wiU hold.

Spoon'-meat,
spoon

n.
Pood eaten with a
liquid food.

Spo-rad'io,
\a.
[Gr. o-7ropa5tSpo-RAE('I-AL, i
kos, scattered, fr.
o-neipeiv, to sow seed.]
Occurring
singly or in scattered cases
single.
Spore",
n.
[Gr. o-Tropo?, a sow;

SPOR'ULE,

in<r, seed.]

minute grains

One of the

flowerless plants
vvhich performs the function of seeds.
Sport, n. [Abbrev. fr. disport,.] 1.
That which diverts and makes mirth.
2. Contemptuous mirth.
3. A toy.
4. Diversion of the field, as fowling,
fishing, &c.
v. t. 1. To divert
to
iu

make merry used

;

retiexively.
2.
v. i. [-ED
frolic. 2. To

marine substance. 2. One who lives

on others. 3- Dough before it is knead-

To bring out iu public.

-ING.] 1. To play
to

ed. t-.r. [-ED;

-ing.]

trifle.

with a sponge.

2.

To cleanse

named from

generally in the plural.

n. [0. Fr. espous, espos, fem.
espouse, spouse, Lat. sponsus, sponsa,
from spondere, to promise solemnly.]
A married person husband or wife.
Spouse'less, a.
Destitute of a
spouse.
pipe
Spout, n. [Allied to spit.] 1.
2.
profor conducting a fluid.
jecting mouth for directing a stream
v.t. [-ED;
of a liquid poured out.
-ing.] 1. To throw out, as liquids,

nuptials

Spouse,

A
A

2. To
through a narrow orifice.
throw out. as words, with affected
1. To issue with
gravity.
v. i.
violence, as a liquid through a narrow orifice. 2. To utter a speech,
especially in a pompous manner.
Sprain, v. t. [-ed -ing.]
[O. Fr.
;

espreindre, to press, to force out, fr.

Lat. exprimere. See EXPRESS.] To
weaken or overstrain, as a joint or
muscle.
Excessive strain of
n.
the muscles or ligaments of a joint.

SprXng,

imp.

Spring.
Sprat, n.

Sprawl,

i.

Spring.

of

See

[herring.

v.

small

the
[Dan.

fish, allied to

[-ed

-ing.]

spralle, spralde, to palpitate.]

1.

To

lie with the limbs stretched out or

struggling. 2. To spread irregularly,
as vines.
Spray, n. 1. [A.-S. spree, a twig,
branch. 0. H. Ger. sprahhOn, to cut.

Cf.

Sprig.]

twig,

(b.)

(a.)

small shoot; a

Small branches

2. [A.-S.

ively.

collect-

spregan, to pour.]

Water.

Spread,

v.

[spread

t.

spread-

ing.] [A.-S. sprxdan ]

1. To extend in any direction. 2. To divulge
to publish.
3. To set and furnish
with provisions.
1. To exv. i.
tend in any or every direction. 2.
To be propagated.
n.
1. Extent;
compass. 2. Expansion of parts. 3.
A table, furnished with a meal.
SPREE, n. [Fr. sprc, a spark, spirit.]
A merry frolic a carousal.
;

SprTg,

n.

A small

[A.-S. spree.

See SPRAY.}

v. t. [-GED
Sport'ful. a. -Full of sport frolic-gtng.]
To mark or adorn with
stroy all trace of.
1. To imv. i.
Sport'lve, a. Gay frolicsome.
SprTg'gy, a. Full of sprigs, [sprigs.
bibe, as a sponge. 2. To gain or live Sport'Ive-LY, adv.
Playfullv.
SPRIGTIT (sprit), n. [Contr. fr spirit.]
by mean arts.
Sports'MAN (150), n. One who hunts,
A^pirit: a soul an apparition.
Sp6n'GER, n. 1. One who uses a
fishes, and fowls.
[sportsmen. Spright'li-ness (sprit'-), n.
Qualsponge. 2. A hanger-on.
Sports'man-shiP, n. Practice of
ity of being sprightly
liveliness.

To

I.

[some.

eiface; to de-

shoot or twig.

or. do,

wolf, too, TOOK; URNjRUE, pull;

E,

I,

G, silent

e,G,so/2V e.&Jiard; As; exist; 3 as N&; THIS.

SPRIGHTLY
Spright'ly

Spirit-like,

(sprit'-), a.

SQUARE

408
SPUME,

[Lat.

n.

spuma, from spuere,

quabbe, a dewlap.]

Fat; thick,

1.

v.
bulky. 2. Unfledged. n. 1. A >oui g
to spew.] Froth foam scum.
lively
animated.
[-ED -ING.] To froth to foam.
pigeon. 2. A person of a short, fat
[SPRUNG (formerly
i.
figure.
SPRUNG; SPRINGING.] Spu-MES'^EN^'E. n. Frothiness.
[-ed; -ING.] [Al[A.-S. springan.] 1. To leap to jump. SPUM'OUS, a. [Lat. spurn osus ; spu- Squab'ble, v. t.
ma, foam.] Consisting
Spum'y,
lied to L. Ger. kabbeln, to quarrel.]
2. To issue suddenly. 3. To tly back
of froth or scum foamy.
1. To contend for superiority.
2. To
to start. 4. To proceed to result.

or spright-like

Spring, v.
SPRANG);

i.

debate peevishly.
n.
A wrangle;
To cause to spring up or SPUN, imp. & p. p. of Spin.
See SPONGE.
a brawl a petty quarrel.
[sou.
forth. 2. To produce unexpectedly. SPJNGF,.
Spunk, n. [A.-S. sponge, a sponge, SQUAB'BLER, n.
A contentious per3. To cause to explode. 4. To burst
spon, spoon, a chip, tinder. Cf. Squad (skwod), n. [Lat. ex and qua.
to break. 5. To crack or split.
dra, a square, fr. qvatvor, four.] A
PUNK.] 1. Touchwood also, a kind
1. A leap a jump. 2. A flying back.
v.

1.

t.

An

body.
5- Any source of supply esp. a foun7. Season
6. Cause; origin.
tain.
of the year when plants begin to
3. Elastic force.

4.

elastic

vegetate.

Springe,

n.

[From spring,

v. i.]

noose or snare.

[which, springs.

Spring'er, n.
SPRING'-HALT,

One who, or that

n.

lameness in

of tinder made from a species of

2. Spirit; pluck.
fungus; punk
SpDnk'y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] Full
of spunk spirited.
SpGn'-yarn, n. A

[Colloq.]
line formed of
two or three rope-yarns twisted.
SPUR, n. [A.-S. spura..allied to spear.]
1. An instrument with sharp points,
worn on a horseman's heels, to prick
;

small party of men for drill, inspection, or service.

n.
[See supra.] 1.
body of cavalry comprising two companies or troops.
2. A detachment
of vessels under the command of
the senior officer.

Squad'ron,

Squal'id

(skwol'id), a.

Foul

dus.]

[Lat. squali[ness.

filthy.

The pro- Squa-lId'1-TY, n.

Foulness filthi[source.
4. A moun- Squal'id-ness, n.
State or quality
his legs.
tain that shoots laterally from any
of being squalid.
Spring'-head, n. A fountain or
[-ed; -ing.] [Sw.
other mountain or range. 5. Ergot. Squall, v. i.
SprL\g'i-ness, n. 1. Elasticity. 2.
v. t. [-red; -ring.] 1. To prick
sqvWa, to cry out.]
To scream or
Wetness or sponginess, as of land.
with spur.-; to incite.
2. To urge
cry violently.
SprTng'-Tide, n. 1. The tide at, or
n> 1. A loud scream
1.
or encourage to action.
v. i.
or cry. 2. A sudden and violent gust
soon after, the new and full moon.
To hasten. 2. To press forward.
of wind.
2. Time of spring.
[-ER; -EST, 142 ]
1.
SPUR'-GALL, n. A place galled or Squall'er, n. One who squalls.
SpRiNG'Y,a.
spongy.
excoriated by much using of the spur. SQUALL'w a. Abounding with squalls.
Elastic; light. 2. Wet
spurius.]
[Lat.
[-ED
SPU'RI-OUS, a.
SQUA/LOID. a. [Lat. sqvalvs, a shark,
SprInk'le (sprink/1), v. t.
1.
[Dim. of A.-S. sprengan,
Not genuine. 2. Not legitimate.
and Gr. elfios, likeness.] Resembling
-ING.]
Syn. Counterfeit; false; fictitious.
sprencan, to sprinkle.] 1. To scatter
a shark.
Falsely.
2. To Spu'RI-OUS-ly, adv.
Squa'zoR, n. [Lat.] Filthiness
in small drops or particles*.
Quality of besqualidity.
scatter on. 3. To baptize hence, to Spu'ri-oDs-ness, n.
Squa-mose' (125), a. [Lat. squav. i.
1 To perform the
ing spurious.
purify.
drops
small
or
part.
[-ED
-ING.]
[A.-S.
SQUA'MOUS,
mosus ; squaSPURN,
r.
scattering
act of
}
n.
spurnan, allied to spura, heel.] 1.
2. To rain moderately.
ma, a scale.] Covered with, or conticles.
reject
with
disdain.
scales.
scattered.
kick.
2.
To
sisting
of.
quantity
To
A small
2. To manifest Squan'der (skwon'-), v. t.
[-ed
1. To kick.
Sprink/eing, n. 1. Act of scattering
v.i.
2. A
-ing.]
disdain in rejecting any thing
n.
[0. H. Ger. svandian, sti enin small drops or particles.
2. Contemptuous treattan, fr. swindan, swintau. to vanish,
1. A kick.
small quantity.
dwindle.] To spend lavishly or prodment.
SprIt, n. [A.-S. spredt, a sprit, spear.]
[ders.
igally,
A small pole, crossing the sail of a Spurred, p. a. 1. Wearing spurs,
2. Af- Squan'der-er, n.
One who squanor having shoots like spurs.
boat diagonally.
A
SquAre (4), a. [From Lat. ex, and
[Contr. from spirit.]
fected with ergot.
Sprite, n.
[-ed -ing.] [Written
quadra, a square.]
1. Having four
[a sprit. Spurt, v. t.
spirit; an apparition.
also spirt, formed fr. 0. Eng. sprit, to
equal sides and four right angles. 2.
SPRIT'-SAIL, n. A sail extended by
[-ed;-ing.]
Forming a right angle.
3. Exactly
[A.-S.
sprout, by transposing the i and r.]
Sprout, v. i.
To shoot as a
correspondent; true; just. 4. RenTo throw out, violently, as aliquid in
speed tan, spryttan.]
gush
fair;
honest.
shoot
i.
To
out
a
equal
justice:
germinate.
n.
The
stream.
v.
in
dering
a
seed to
leaving no balance. 6. Of
stream.
n. A sudden gushing of a
5. Even
of a plant.
or
orifice
a
usual
as. a
-est.]
[Perh.
fr.
from
a
tube
jet.
greater
length
than
a.
[-ER;
liquid
Spruce,
square sail.
.
1. A figure having
spruce, or Prussia, leather, which was SPUT'TER, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [From
right
finery.
Cf.
also
Prov.
spout
To
sMcs
and
four
anroot
of
and
1.
equal
article
of
the
spit
four
an
]
emit saliva from the mouth in small
gles.
2. That which is square, or
Ger. spreuszen, to boast of.] Neat,
by
dignity.
speaking.
squares.
elegance
or
portions,
in
rapid
2.
so,
or
is
reckoned
as
nearly
without
Syn. See Finical.
To utter words hastily and indis3. An area of four sides,
tinctly.
v. t.
To utter with indiswith houses on each
.r-v. t. ovi. [-ed -ING.] Todresswith
n.
tinctness.
n. Moist matter thrown
affected neatness.
[0. Eng.
side. 4. An instrument
Pru.se, so named because it was first
out in small particles.
used to la\ out or test
square work. 5. Prodknown as a native of Prussia.] A Sput'ter-er, n. One who sputters.
applied
tree:
in
coniferous
[See
Espy.]
1.
who
Spy,
n
One
uct of a number or
certain
constantly watches the conduct of
quantity multiplied by,
the United States to the hemlock
[spruce.
others.
person
into
2.
A
sent
itself.
spruce.
an
6. Relation of ex- CoTpenter'3
which a horse suddenly twitches up

a horse. 2. Incitement.
jection on a cock's leg.

3.

SPRUCE'-BEER, n. Beer flavored with

SPRUCE'LY, adv. With affected neat-

enemy's camp

[spruce; trimness.
State of being
Spruce'NESS, n.
SPRUNG, imp.
p. p. of Spring.
Nimble: act[-er
-est.]
Spry, a.
[Prov. or Co'loq.]
ive vigorous.
An
[Dan. spyd, a spear.]
SPtlD, n.
implement for destroying weeds.

proper

ness,

&
;

and

to gain information,
secretly communicate it to the
officer.

142.]
to espy.

1.

v. t.

[-ED: -ING,

To discover at a distance
2. To examine secretly.

To search narrowly.
Spy'-glass, n. A small telescope.
SQUAB, a.
[Tcel.
qvap, soft, fat,
r.

i.

qvapa, to tremble with loose

A, 1,1, 6, U, Y,long; AjfijIjdjU,^, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

fat,

Ger.

Square.
act agreement: equaliv.t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To forn
ty.
with four equal sides and four right
angles.
2. To form to right angles.
3. To reduce to any given measure.
4. To adjust
to regulate.
5. To
make even to leave no difference or
balance. 6. To multiply by itself.

what; ere,

To

veil,

suit

TEEM;

to

fit.

Pi'QUE, fIrm;

s6n

SQUARELY
SQUARE'LY. adv.

climb,

or manner.

[square.
of being
a.
Haying the
chief sails extended by yards, suspended by the middle.
Squash (skwush), v. t. [Eng. quash,
or from 0. Fr. tscacher, esquacluer.]
To press into pulp to crush.
n. 1.
A sudden fall of a heavy, soft body.
2. [Mass. Ind. asq, pi. asquash, raw,
green; askutasquash, Tine-apple.] A
gourd-like plant and its fruit.
Squat (skwot), v. i. [-ted; -ting.]
[Of. It. quatto, squat, cowering, from
Lat. coactus. driven or urged together.] 1. To sit upon the hams or
heels. 2. To settle on another's land
without title. [Amer.].
a. 1. Sitting on the hams or heels cowering.

Square'ness, n.
Square '-rigged,

State

and

mammal
Squirt

sits close.

uttered.

[-ed; -ing.]
[Sw.
v. i.
sqvtila, to cry out.
See SQUALL.]
To cry with a shrill , prolonged sound,
shrill,
as certain animals do.
n.

and somewhat prolonged cry.

[From qualmish.]
SQUEAM'ISH, a.
Having a stomach that is easily nauheuce, nice to excess in taste.

Syx. See Fastidious.

SQUEAM'isk-LY, adv. Fastidiously.
Squeam'ish-ness, n. Fastidiousness.

Squeeze,
To

t.

oppress.

to pass.

who

To compel, or cause
To urge one's way

3.

v.

)'.

by pressing.

to pass

squeezes

n.

Act of one

compression.

n.
1. A little pipe, filled with
combustible matter a cracker. 2.
[Allied to quib.] A brief, sarcastic or
witty essay or paragraph.

SQUIB,

Squid, n. The cuttle-fish.

Squill, n. [Lat. squilla, Gr.
1.

o-kLXao..]

A lily-like plant, with a medicinal

2. A crnstaceous sea animal.

root.

Squint, a.
Askant.]

[D. schuinte, a slope.

Cf.

1. Looking obliquely. 2.
v. i.
Looking with suspicion.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To see obliquely
of
the
eves
not
axes
2. To hare the

n. 1. Act, or habit, of
2. Want of coincidence
[squints.
of the axes of the eyes.
SQUlNT'-EYE (-i), n. An eye that
SQUIRE, re. Same as Esq aire.
v. t.
[-ED
-ING.] 1. To attend as a
squire. 2. To attend as a beau, or

coincident.
squinting.

gallant.

[Colloq.]

[-ed -ing.]
or t.
[Allied to Skr. krimi, a worm.
Cf.
Swarm, v. i.,5.] 1. To move, or
cause to move, like a worm. 2. To
(18), v.

i.

lic

is

coach running from station to

[coach.

station.
(20),

n.

public

t.

StA' BAT Ma'TER.

brated Latin
these words.

Stab'ber,

re.

Sta-bil'i-ty,

[Lat.]

cele-

hymn, beginning with

One who
1.

re.

or firm.
2.
character or purpose.
stable

stabs.

a.
[Lat. stabilis, fr. stare,
to stand.]
1. Firmly established.
Steady in purpose.
n. [Lat. stabulum, fr. stare, to stand.]
build[-ed -ING.]
ing for beasts.
v. t.
To put or keep in a stable.
v. i.
To dwell or lodge in a stable.
Sta'bling, n.
Act of keeping
1.
cattle in a stable.
2.
house for

horses and cattle.

Sta'bly, adv. Fixedly

STA-A'TO,

steadily.

a.
[It.]
(Mus.)' Disconnected distinct
a direction to
perform the notes of a passage in a
short, distinct, and pointed manner.
:

Stack,
1.

n.

large

[From the root of stick.]

pile of hay or grain, &c.
;

a conical pile of muskets. 2. A number of funnels or chimneys standing

together. 3. Chimcey of a locomo[-ED;
tive or steam-vessel.
v. t.
-ING.] To make into a conical or
other pile.
Stad'DLE, re. [From the root of stead,
steady.] 1. Support of a stack of hay
or_ grain. 2. A small forest tree.

STA'DI-TTM,n.;
from Gr.

pi.

trrafitov.]

STA'DI-A. [ r at.,
A Greek measure

of length, equal to 606 feet 9 inches

English.
Stadt'hold-er (s^W-), n. [D. stad-

houdfr ; stud, a

city,

a town, and

houder, a holder.]
Formerly, the
chief magistrate of Holland.

Staff,

n.

pi.

staves

or

staffs

(in

first three senses), STAFFS (in

the last sense). [A.-S. stdf, a staff,
prop.] 1. A stick for support or defense hence, a support. 2. The five
lines and the spaces on which music
is written.
3. A pole to hoist a flag
upon. 4. [From staff, as an ensign
of authority.]
A corps of officei*s
attached to a superior officer.
Staff'-of'fi-cer. n. An officer belonging to the staff of a regiment.

or, do, wolf, too, TOOK j URN, rue,

the

pull

E,

I,

O, silent

stop.]

To

to vacillate.
2.
To begin to give way. 3- To hesitate.
v. t.
To make less steady or
1.

reel

confident.

State of being
Steadiness of

STA'BLE,

Squirm

v.

[-ed:-ixg.]

[A.-S.
cwisan, ewissan, to crush, squeeze.]
2.
1. To press between two bodies.
v.

publicly exhibited. 5. Distance between two places

of rest on a road. 6. A degree of
advancement or progress. 7. A pub-

Stage'-OACH

2.

Squeal,

where any thing

[-bed; -bing.] [From Stage'-play, n. A dramatic enterthe root of staff, stave.] 1. To wound
tainment.
with a pointed weapon. 2. To injure STA'GER, n.
1. One who has long
secretly.
To give a wound
acted on the stage of life. 2. A horse
v.i.
with a pointed weapon.
n.
A
used in drawing a stage.
thrust or wound with a pointed Stag'ger, v. i. [-ed
-ing.] [0.
weapon.
D. staggeren, fr. staken, slaecken, to

Stab,

1.

land without a title. [Amer.']

n. [Massachusetts squa,eshqua.] An Indian woman.
Squeak, v. i. [-ed:-ing.] [0. Sw.
sqvaka, to cry out, II. Ger. quieken,
to squeak, squeal.] To utter a sharp,
or to make a sharp noise.
shrill cry
n. A sharp, shrill sound suddenly

seated

[Cf.

ejected.

SQUAW,

1.

A young bull

One who squats or

One who settles on new

2.

having a bushy tail.

t.
[-ed; -ing.]

(18), v.

L. Ger. sivirtjen, to squirt, 0. Sw.

squdtta, id.] To eject out of a narrow pipe, in a stream.
To
v. i.
throw out liquid from a narrow orin.
An infice, in a rapid stream.
strument with which a liquid is

..

male of several
The male red deer. 2
castrated.
Stage,i. [0. Fr. eslage, N. Fr. ctage,
as if fr. a Lat. staticus, fr. stare, to
remain.] 1. A platform slightly elescaffold. 3.
vated. 2.
theater;
hence, also, the drama. 4. A place
n. [Tcel. steggr,

animals.]

feet.

(skwir'rel or skwur'rel), n.
[L. Lat. squirelus, dim. of Lat. sciurus, Gr. ovaoupos, from <raa, shade,
small, rodent
and ovpoi, tail.]

Short and thick.

Squat'ter,

by embracing with the hands StXg,

Squir'rel

2.

STALACTITE

409

In a square form

Stag'gers,

Apoplexy in horses

n. pi.

and other" animals.

Sta'ging, w. A structure of posts
and boards for supporting workmen,

&c,

in building.
[nant.
State of being stag[Lat. stagnans.]
1.

Stag'nan-cy, re.
Stag'nant, a.

Motionless
impure from want of
motion. 2. Not active dull.
v. i. [-ED
-ing.] [Lat.
stagnare, -natum, from stagnum,
standing water.] 1. To cea c eto flow.
2. To cease to be brisk or active.
Stag-na'tion, n.
1. Cessation of
flowing, as of a fluid. 2. State of being
;

Stag'nate,

dull.

Staid, imp.
[From stay,

&

a.
p. p. of Stay.
to stop.]
Sober
not
wild, volatile, flighty, or fanciful.
Staid'ness, n. State or quality of
;

being staid.

Stain,

[-ed -ing.] [Abbrev.

v. t.
distain.] 1. To discolor by the
application of foreign matter. 2. To
color, as wood, glass, &c. 3. To impress with figures, in colors different
from the ground. 4. To bring reproach on.
v.
1. A discoloration.
2. Taint of guilt.
3. Cause of re;

from

proach

Stain'er, n. One who stains.

Stain'LESS, a. Free from any stain.
STAIR, h. [A.-S. st&ger, fr. stigan, to
ascend.] 1. One step of a series. 2. A
series

ofsteps

usually in the

pi.

A flight of stairs with,

their supporting framework, &c.
Stake, v. [From the root of stick.]
1. A stick, pointed at one end.
2.
Martyrdom, esp. by fire. 3. That
r. t*
which is laid down as a wager.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To fasten, defend,
2. To
or mark off, with stakes.
Stair'-case.

n.

wager.

Sta-lXc'TT,
tites

a. Pertaining to stalacresembling a stalactite; stalac-

titic.

Sta-la'ttte

[From Gr.
(147), re.
crraAa/cTos, oozing out in drops.]

c, G, soft; , G, hard;

As; EIST;

Nojng; this

STALACTITIC

[Gr.

ft.

<rraka.yixa.,

that which drops, a drop.] A deposit

of earthy or calcareous matter, made
by calcareous water dropping on the
floors of caverns.
[of stalagmites.
EtXl'AG-mIt'IC, a. Having the form
(Stale, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [From A.-S.
To dissteall, Eng. stall, a stable.]
a.
charge urine
said of beasts.

[From
age.

2.

first used
), urine,
Vapid or tasteless from
Not freshly made. 3. Worn

stale (obs.

of beer.]

1.

out by use

trite;

Stale'ness,

common.

State of being stale.

Stalk (stawk), ft. [Cf. A.-S. stealc,
Steele, high, steep.] 1. Stem or main
axis of a plant. 2. Petiole, pedicel, or
peduncle of a plant.
3. Stem of a
[-ed; -ing.]
[A.-S.
(juill. it. i.
stxlcan, stealcian, from stvelc, stealc,
high.]
To walk with high, proud

v.

ft.

hesitate in speakt. To utter with

or imperfectly.
n.
De-

to stutter.

hesitation

-?..

To

stommetlan.]
ing

stammen,

stammalun,

Ger.

v.

fective utterance

a stutter.

StXm'mer-er, n. One who stammers.

Stamp, v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [0. H. Ger.
stamp/ion.]
1. To strike with the
bottom of the foot. 2. To impress

with some mark.

To imprint

3.

Stalk'er

One who

(stawk'er), n.

stalks.

(stawk'-), .
1.
horse, or a figure resembling a
horse, behind which a fowler conceals himself from the sight of game.
2. Hence, a pretense.
[stalk.
Stalk'y (stawk'y), a. Resembling a
Stall, n. [A.-S. steall, stall, a place,
station, a stable, condition, fr. the
root stal, Skr. st.'.al, to stand.] 1.

Place where a hoi-se or an ox

fed.

2.

stable.

3.

is

kept

slight

shed for the

sale of merchandise. 4.
Seat of -an ecclesiastic in the choir
of a church. v. t. [-ED; -ing.]
1. To put into a stall or stable.
2.
To plunge into mire so as not to be
able to proceed.
Stall'age, n. Rent paid for a stall.

Stall'-feed,

[-fed; -feeding.]
To feed and fatten in a stable, or on dry fodder.
Stall'ION (stal'yun), n. [FromA.-S.
steall, Eng. stall, a stable.]
A male
r.

t.

horse used for raising stock.

Stal'wart,.

[Cf. A.-S. stselweordh,

worth stealing or taking, afterward

extended to other causes of estimation.]
Brave; bold; strong.
Sta'men, n. ; Eng. pi. STA'MENg
(used only in the fourth sense) hat.
;

STAaPi-NA

the

three
senses).
[Lat. stamen, a thread,
fiber, fr. Gr. ia-ja.va.1, to stand.]
1.
A thread. 2. pi. Fixed, firm part

pi.

(in

first

3. pi. Whatever constitutes the principal strength of any

thing.
4. The male organ of flowers for furnishing the pollen.

of a body.

Stam'I-nal,

Pertaining

a.

to,

stamens or stamina.
Stam'1-nate, a. Furnished with, or
producing, stamens.

Sta-MIN'e-oOs,

a.
Consisting of, or
pertaining to, stamens.
StXm'mer, v. i; [-ed -ing.] [0. H.
;

k, E,

I,

o, u,

Stanch,

v.

t.]

prop

a small

v.

[stood; standing.]

i.

[A.-S. standan.]
1.
To remain at
rest in an erect position.
2. To be
situated. 3. To stop
to halt.
4.
To endure. 5. To be fixed, steady,
or firm. 6. To be in some particular state.
7- To continue in force.
to sustain.
v. t.
1, To endure;
;

2.

To withstand.

To abide by;

3.

to admit.
. 1. A place whereone
stands. 2. A stop; a halt. 3. An
structure erected for spectators. 4.

Something on which a thing

rests

Resistance.
n. [From Lat. extendere,
1. A staff with a
to spread out.]
is laid.

5.

flag or colors.
2. That which is established as a rule or measure of
criterion.
4.
quantity. 3. Model
A standing tree or stem. 5. An upright support.
a.
Having a fixed
or permanent value.
Stand'ING, p. a. 1. Established;
settled
permanent.
2. Stagnant.
I.
State
ft.
3. Remaining erect.
of being erect. 2. Duration continuance. 3. Power to stand. 4.
Reputation rank.
;

Stand'ish

(146), n.
stand for

m.
[A.-S. stapul, stapel,
step, prop, post, fr. stapan, to step,
go, raise.] 1. A principal production

of a country. 2. Principal element.

3. Thread or pile of wool, cotton, or
flax.
4. A loop of metal to hold a
hook.
a. Chief ; principal.

Star, n. [A.-S. steorra, Ski: stri.] 1.

One of the innumerable luminous
bodies in the heavens.
2. Figure
of a star. 3. A person of brilliant
attractive parts.
v. t. [-red ;
-RING.] To set or adorn with stars.
STAR'EOARD (colloq. star'burd), n.

and

[A.-S. steorbord,

stedran, to steer,

fr.

and

bord, a board, border.]

The
right-hand side of a ship, looking
forward.
a.
Pertaining to the
right-hand side of a ship.

a.

[A.-S.

stearc,

See Stark.] Stiff

rough.

ft.

Stand'-still,

STAN'HOPE

(colloq.

granular substance, used for

stiffening cloth.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.]
To stiffen with starch.

Star'-cham'ber,

ft.
[Either from
A.-S. steoran, to steer, govern, or

from being held in a room where certain Jewish contracts and obligations called Starrs were kept.] Ad
ancient criminal court in England.

StXn'NA-RY,

a.

(starcht),
precise; formal.

p.

a.

Stiff',

[starched.

Starcii'ed-ness, n. State of being

Starcii'ly, adv. Formally stiffly.
;

StXrch'ness,
ness.

n.

precise[starch
stiff.
Consisting of, or like,
Stiffness

Starch'y, a.
STARE, v.i. [-ed;

-ing.] [A.-S. start' an.]

To look with fixed eyes wide
v. I.
To look earnestly at.
open.
ft.
A fixed look with eyes wide
open.

tempt.

Star'-ga7/ing,

Act of observing

ft.

the stars with attention.

-est.] [A.-S. stearc,
a. [-er
strong, rough formed on the root
of Cer. starr, stiff.] 1. Stiff; strong.

Stark,

Mere sheer downright.

adv.
Wholly absolutely.
Star'less, a. Having no stars visible.
2.

Star'light

proceed a.Light
Lighted by

(-lit), h.
ing from the stars.
the stars.

Star'ling.m.
bird,

common

[See Stare.]
in Europe.

fixed point or

[Recent.]

small

[Lat.

stannum,

2.
3-

Shining like stars.

Start, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [0. Eng.
stirtf, sterte, allied to the root of stir.]
1. To move suddenly, as with a
to wince. 3.
spring.
2. To shrink
v. t.
1. To
To set out to begin.
cause to move suddenly. 2. To pro;

stop.

stan'up), n.
top

without a
light
named from Lord Stanhope.
carriage,

strong,
precise.

ft.

[From stand and STAR'RY,a. 1. Adorned with stars.

Consisting of the stars stellar.
pen and ink.

station; point of view.

long; AjiijLjOjtJjY.sWJ;

Sta'ple,

Star'ER, ft. One who stares.

or Star'-gaz'er, n. One who gazes at
the stars an astronomer
in con-

StXnd'ARD,

dish.]

tin.

StXn'nic, a.
StXn'za, n.

Starciisd

post.

Stand,

or con- STAND'-POINT,

sisting in,

[L.

Lat. stancare, fr. Lat. stagnare, to be

or make stagnant.] To stop the flowing of, as blood.
it. i.
To stop
flowing, as blood.
a. [-ER -EST.]
[From stanch, v. t., and hence, lit.
stopped.] 1. Strong and tight. 2.
Firm in principle steady.
Stan'chion (stitn'shun), n.
[See

A tin-mine
[tained from, tin.
Pertaining to, or oh
[It. stanza, lit. a stop,
fr. Lat. stans, standing.]
A combination of verses, whether like or unlike in measure.
Pertaining to
or tin-works.

Starch,

t.

Stalk'ing-horse

and

fix deeply.
4. To coin; to mintl
i. To strike the foot forcibly downward.
1. Act of stampingn.
2.
Any instrument for making impressions.
3. Mark made by stamping.
4. A thing stamped.
5. A stamped
or printed device, required by law to
be affixed to certain papers. 6. An
instrument for cutting out materials.
7. Make
form character.
StXmp'-Xct, n. An act of the British Parliament, imposing a duty on
all paper and parchment used in
the British American colonies.
STAM-PEDE', n. [From stamp.] A
sudden fright and running away of

v.

To approach under
large bodies of cattle or horses.
cover of a screen, or by stealth.
Stanch (G6) v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
steps.

to

START
n.

410

pendent cone of carbonate of lime,

resembling an icicle.
STAi/AC-TiT'ie,
a. Relating to,
STAL/Ae-TiT'ie-Ai,, J or resembling,
a stalactite.

STA-LXG'MlTE,

care, far, Ask, all, what; ere, vglL,

tin.]

im; pique, fIrm

s6n,

STARTING-POST

sally.
3. Act of setting out.
4.
[A.-S. steort, a tail, an extremity.]
A projection ; a horn a tail.

post from
which competitors in a race start.
Start'le (staxf\),v.i. [-ED -ING.]
[Dim, of start.] To shrink on feeling
v.t.
a sudden alarm.
To excite
n.

n.
A sudden
by sudden alarm.
motion or shock occasioned by an

unexpected alarm, surprise, or apprehension of danger.

Star-va'tion,

n.
Act of starving,
or state of being starved.
v. i.
[A.-S. steorfan, ste.arfian; N. H. Ger. sterben, to die.] 1.
To perish or die with cold. [Eng.]
to be very
2. To perish with hunger
indigent.
[-ED -ING.] i.
v. t.

STARVE,

To

with cold. [Eng.]

with hunger or want.
kill

Starve'ling

To

2.

STEEL

411

duce suddenly to view. 3 To bring

within pursuit.
n. 1. A sudden motion.
2. An unexpected movement

Start'ing-post,

kill

position,
3. Employment
tion.
4. Condition of life.

occupa-

first received the name of

a gross misapplication of the
term, since it means simply a store-house,
or magazine.
In England, the" name
has always been "station," or "stationhouse; " and there is now a strong tendency to adopt this in America as the

our railways

depot

only proper word.

v.t.

To

[-ED; -ING.]

place; to
[tion.

set.

Sta'TION-al, a. Pertaining to a staStA'tion-a-ry, a. 1. Not movingstable; fixed

2. Not improving.
Sta'tion-er, it. One who sells paper, pens, ink. &c.

state.]

Sta-tIs'tic,
Sta-tis'ti-al,

statistics.

STATas-Tl'ciAN

(-tish'an), n.

Articles usually

[man.

statesPertaining to

a.

per-

Hun-

son familiar with statistics.

Sta-tist'ics, ii. pi. [From Eng. statist, a statesman.] 1. A classified colment.
lection of facts, respecting the conState, n. [Lat. status, a standing,
dition of a people or class. 2. sing.
position.]
1. Circumstances or conThe science which has to do with the
collection of such facts.
dition.
2. Any community of a particular character.
1. Art of carving
3. Whole body of Stat'u-a-ry, n.
statues.
2. One who makes statues.
people united under one government.
(starv'ling), a.

pining.
n.
An animal or
gry
plant pining from want of nutri;

A commonwealth.

4.

Pomp.

5.

Syx. Situation; condition. State

generic;

the situation of a thin^

is

is its

state in reference to external objects

and

influences; its condition is its internal

state or what it is in itself considered.

v.

t.

[-ed; -ING.]

To express

the particulars of; to narrate.

Stat'ed, a. Settled; occurring at
regular times.

STAT'ED-L,f/i'. Atappointed times.

collection of statues.
STAT'UE. v. [Lat. statua. i. e., stativa effigies, from stativus. standing
3.

An image

carved out of marble or other solid substance.

Stat'U-esque' (-esk'), a.
Statuelike in character or appearance.
StaT'U-ette', n. A small statue.
still.]

STAT'URE,

[bat. statura,

ii.

statum, to stand.]
of_the body.

fr.

stare,

Natural height

StAte'-house,

n.
The building in Sta'tus,ii. [Lat.] State; condition.
which a legislature holds its sessions. Stat'U-ta-ble, a. Made by, or beState'li-ness, n. Condition of being
ing in conformity to, statute.

stately.

State'ly.

Stat'ute,
[-er;

a.

-EST,

Evincing

state or dignity.
Majestically
loftily.

142.]

adv.

State 'me nt,

2^

n.

narrative

1.

Act of stating.

x'ecital.
ii.
1. A magnifiiodging-room in a

State'-room(28),
cent room.

2.

ship's cabin.

States'man

(150).

in the arts of

ii.

A man

versed

government.

[A.-S. stedt, a place, sta-

n.

Place or room which another

bad, or might have.
Stead'fast, a.
[From stead and
1. Fast
fast. i. e., fast in place.]
fixed; firm.
2. Constant; resolute.
Stead'fast-LY, adv. In a steadfast

manner.

w..
[L. Lat. statutum fr
staluere, to set, ordain.]
An act of
the legislature of a country a positive law.
ST.XT'U-TO-RY,a. Enacted by statute.
,

[steadfast.

Ste ad'fast-ness,

State of being

n.

Stead'1-ly, adv. Firmly.

Stead'i-ness, n.
State of being
steady

firmness.

Stead'y, a.
[-er; -est, 142.]
Firm in standing or position.

1.

Constant in feeling, purpose, or pur>

v.t.
suit.
3. Constant; uniform.
[-ED
-ING, 142.] To hold or keep

firm

StA'tion-er-y, 11.
sold by stationers.
STA'TIST, n. [From
I

STEAD,
tion.]

Srif.
It is unfortunate
Depot.
that, in America, the stopping-places on

to support.

Steak,

[Icel. steik, broiled meat,

n.
steikia, to broil.
Cf. A.-S. sticce, a
piece, steak.]
slice of beef, pork,
or venison, &c, broiled or cut for
broiling.
[stole; stolen;
Steal, v. t.
STEALING.] [A.-S. stelan, st&lan.]
1. To take without right or leave. 2.

To gain or win by address or imperceptible means.

Syjs'. To filch; pilfer; purloin.
1. To practice theft.
v. i.
2. To
slip in, along, or away, un perceived.

STEAL'ER,

Stealth,

n.
n.

One who steals a

thief.

A secret or clandestine

procedure.

Stealth'i-ly, adv.
Stealth'i-ness, ii.

By

stealth.

State of being

stealthy.

Stealth'y,
Ger.
rain

[-er; -est, 142.]

a.

D_one by stealth

Steam,?i.

secret private
[A.-S. steam, stem.

st-i'nn,

sly.

Low

weather when snow or

is drifted.]
1. Vapor into which
is converted, when heated to
the boiling point. 2 Mist formed
by condensed vapor.
v. i.
[-ED
-ING.]
1. To rise or pass off in vapor. 2. To travel by the agency of
steam.
v. t.
1. To exhale.
2. To
apply steam to.
[by steam.
Steam'-BOAT, n. A vessel propelled

water

Steam'-boil'er,

n.

boiler for

generating steam.

Steam'-en'gIne, n.
An engine
stab.] 1.
moved by steam.
A thin, narrow piece of wood for a Steam'er, n. 1. A vessel propelled
cask. 2. A stanza,
v. t. [staved,
by steam. 2. A steam fire-engine.
STAVING.] From store,
or STOVE
3. A culinary vessel in which articles

Staunch, a See Stanch.

St^VE, ii [Eng. staff, Ger.

To break a hole in to
are subjected to the action of steam.
States'man-shTp, n. Qualifications
burst.
2. To push, as with a staff.
Steam'-pack/et, n. A packet or
or employments of a statesman.
3. To delay
to drive away.
vessel propelled by steam.
Stat'IC,
a.
[Gr. ora-ruco?, from Stay, v. i.
[stayed, or staid
Steam'-ship, n. A ship propelled by
StAT'I-AL,
tcn-avai, to cause to
STAYING.] [Sw. sta. to stand. Cf.
steam.
[bling, steam.
stand.] 1. Pertaining to bodies at
Lat. stare.]
1. To remain
to con- Ste AM ; Y, a.
Consisting of, or resem2. Acting
rest, or in equilibrium.
tinue in a place to stop. 2. To wait
STE'A-RINE, ii.
[Gr. ore'ap, tallow,
by mere weight.
to attend. 3. To dwell
to tarry. 4.
suet.j
One of the proximate princiThat branch of
JBt.at'ics, n. sing.
To rely; to trust.
v. t.
1.
To
ples ofanimal fat.
mechanics which relates to bodies as
withhold to restrain. 2. To delay
STE'A-TITE, ii.
[Gr. o-Teap, area/ros,
held at rest by the forces acting on
to obstruct.
3. [0. Fr. estayer, to
fat, tallow.] A soft magnesian rock
them
prop, fr. Icel. stedia, to confirm.] To
called also soap-stone.
Sta'TION, n. [Lat. statio, fr. stare,
prop; to support.
n.
1. Continu- Steed, n.
[A.-S. stcda, stedha, from
statum, to stand.] 1. Place where
ance sojourn. 2. Stand stop. 3.
stod, a stud of breeding steeds.]
A
any thing stands, or is appointed to
That which serves as a prop. 4. pi.
spirited horse for state or war.
remain for a time; esp. (a.) A stopA corset. 5. A large, strong rope, to STEEL, n. [A.-S. stel, styl, for st&hel.j
ping-place on railways, (b.) Rendezsupport a mast.
[a stay.
1. Iron combined with carbon.
2.
vous of a police force. 2. Situation
Stay '-SAIL, n. Any sail extended on
An instrument made of steel. 3.
staff, n.]

1.

or, do, wolf, too, TOGIl; URN, rue, pull; E,i, o ;

silent

c,G,so/*/ ,G,hard; As; E^ist

N.

as

ng

Tfiis.

STEELY

Hardness sternness rigor.

v. t.
[-EU -ING.] 1. To overlay, point,
:

or edge with steel.

To harden.

2.

To cause to resemble steel.

Steel'y, a. 1. Made of steel.
sembling

steel

HTEEL'YARD
loq.

2.

3.

Re-

hard; firm.

[-er

-est.]

STENCH

(66), n.

n.
stake, pole.]

[A.-S.

Descending with great in-

steelyard,

V.

t.

fr.

stin-

stink.
a bar,

Ste-nog'ra-pher,

clination precipitous.
A pren.
cipitous place, hill, or mountain.
[-ED
v. t.
-ING.]
[Ger. stippen,
to steep, dip.]
To soak in a liquid
to macerate.
[are steeped.
Steep'er, n. A vat in which things
;

[-ED -ING, 137.]

To paint or mark with stencils.

ing, &.C

(/

siedp.]

smell

ill

[Cf. A.-S. stenge,

A thin plate of metal,

or other material, on which a pattern is cut, used in painting, mark-

^ ^fe*
JrE

[A.-S. stene,

An

can, to stink.]

\r

n.

balance.

a.

oppose, or cut, as with the stem of

a vessel to make progress against,
as a current. 2. To oppose, as a stream
or moving force.

STEN'CIL,

(col-

stll'yard),

A form of
Steep,

STIBIUM

412

One

n.

skilled in

stenography.

and tojuij, a cutting.^

Science or art of cutting solids into
certain figures.
STE'RE-O-TYPE, n.
[Gr. orepeds,
firm, solid, and Ti/7ros, type.]
1. A
plate of type-metal, resembling a
page of type. 2. Art of making plates
of type-metal in imitation of pages of
type.
v. t. [-ED; -ing.] To mako
stereotype plates for. as for a book.
firm,

Ste're-o-typ'er,

Pertaining to ste-

a.

)
j

nography.

n.

One who makes

stereotype plates.

STER'lLE,a.
ren

Sten'o-grXph'ic,
Sten'o-graph'ic-AL,

solid,

[Lat. sterilis.] 1.
Barunfruitful.
2. Destitute of

ideas.

Ste-rIl'i-ty, n.
being

sterile

Quality or state of
unproductiveness.

Ste-NOG'RA-PIIY. n.
[Gr. o-revo?, Ster'ling, a. [From Easterling, the
narrow, close, and ypd<f>eiv, to write.]
name of German traders in England,
Stee'ple,w. [Cf. steep,] A tower of a
The art of writing in short-hand.
whose money was of the purest qualchurch, ending in a point a spire.
Sten-to'ri-an, a. [From Stentor, a
ity.]
1. Pertaining to the British
Stee'ple-chase, n. A race between
herald, spoken of by Homer, having
coinage. 2. Genuine; pure.
a number of horsemen, to see which
a very loud voice.] Extremely loud. Stern (14), a. [-er; -est] [A.-S.
can first reach some distant object Step, v. i.
[-ped -ping.]
Sterne, allied to 0. H. Ger. star, stiff
[A.-S.
(as a church steeple) in a straight
steppan. stapan.] 1. To advance or
1. Severe in look or manner. 2. Rigidcourse.
n. [A.-S. stearn, from
recede by moving the feet. 2. To
ly steadfast.
Steep'ly, adv. With steepncfs.
walk gravely or slowly.
v. t. 1. To
the root of steer.] 1 Hind part of
STEEP'NESS,n. State of being steep
set, as the foot.
2. To fix the foot
a vessel, or boat. 2. Hinder part of
precipitous declivity.
[bone.
of, as a mast, in its place.
any thing.
n.
1.
Steer, n [A.-S. sledr, Skr. sthourin,
An advance made by one removal of StErn'AE, a. Pertaining to the breaststhCrin, Gr. raGpo?.] A young ox.
A chase in which
the foot a pace.
2. One remove in Stern'-chase, n.
[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. steoran,
v. t.
ascending or descending. 3. Space
one vessel follows in the wake of the
stioran, to establish.]
To guide to
other
[from the stern.
passed by the foot in walking or rungovern;
applied to a vessel in the
ning. 4. A small distance. 5. Gra- StErn'-chas'er, n. A gun to fire
water.
v.
1. To direct and govdation degree. 6. Footprint trace. STERN'LY, adv. In a stern manner.
ern a vessel in its course.
2. To be
action. 8. pi. A port- Stern'ness (109), n Rigor severity.
7. Proceeding
directed and governed.
able frame-work of stairs.
Stern'-sheets, n. pi. Part of a boat
Steer'age, ?i. 1. Act or practice of STEP'-BROTH'EK, n. A brother by
between the stern and the aftermost
;

?'.

steering.
2. An apartment in a ship
for an inferior class of passengers. 8.
That by which a course is directed.
Steers/man (150), n. One who steers.
Steeve,v. i. [Cf. O.D. steve, staff.]
To make an angle with the line of a
vessel's keel
said of the bowsprit.
STEG'A-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. areyavds, covered, and ypafciv, to write.]
The art of writing in ciphers.
la. [Lat. stellaris ; sielStel'lar,
;

Stel'la-ry,

la,

ing to. or full

Pertain-

star.]

of, stars

starry.
[Lat. stellatus, set or
covered with stars Stella, a star.]
Resembling a star radiated.
SlEL-LiF'ER-ous, a. [Lat. stellifer ;
Stella, a star, and ferre, to bear.]

STEL'LATE,

a.

marriage.

'

Step'-child,

n.

Step'-daugh'ter

[riage only.

child

by mar-

(-daw'ter), n.

daughter by marriage only.

Step'-fath'er,

n.

father

by mar-

Step'-motpPer

(-mfith'er),

n.

2.

A means

Step'-sis'ter,

n.

ot

advancement.
sister by mar[riage only.

riage only.

Gr. <rrepsternu-

Act of sneezing.
1

a.

Provoking
to sneeze.

StErn'-way, n

[Russ. stepj.] One of the

vast barren plains in South-eastern
Europe and Asia.
STEr'riNG-ST5NE, n. I.
stone to
raise the feet above the water or

mud.

tntio.]

A Ster-nu'ta-to-ry,

n.

mother by marriage only.

,

[N. Lat.

The breast-bone.
STER'NU-TA'TIOV, n. [Lat.
vov.]

Ster-ntI'ta-tIve,

riage only.

Steppe

seat of rowers.
n.

Ster'num,

Movement of a ship
with her stern foremost.
[Lat. stertere, to
StER'TO-ROt"js, a.
Breathing hoarsely or heavsnore.]
ily

snoring.

STETH'O-SC'OPE, n.
breast, and criconetv,

[Gr.

<rryftos,

to examine.]
instrument used to distinguish
sounds in the human chest.

An

rr.arSteve, v. t. [From the root of stow.]

To stow,_as in a ship's hold.
Ste've-dor.e, n. One whose occuAbounding with stars.
pation is to load and unload vessels.
Stel'li-form, a. [Lat. Stella, &sta,v,
or partaking of its nature.
and forma, a form.] Like a star
Ste're-o-graph'ic, a. Delineated STEW(stu), v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [See
radiated.
plane.
Stove.]
To boil slowly and gently
a
on
To be seethed in a
Stel'lu-lar (stePyu-), a. [Lat. stel- STE'RE-OG'RA-PTTY-, n. [Gr. cnepeo^,
to seethe.
v. i.
slow, gentle manner.
n. 1. A house
lula, dim. of Stella, a star.]
Shaped
firm, solid, and ypdfciv, to write.]

Step'-SON (-stin) L .
StEr^o-ra'ceous,

son by

[Lat. stercus,
stercoris, dung.] Pertaining to dung,
a.

like little stars.

Ste-eog'ra-PHY,
post, pillar,

and

Art. of inscribing
lars.

STEM,

n.

[Gr. cmjArj, a

ypa<eii>, to write.]

characters on

n. [A.-S. stemn, stefn

pil-

allied to

the root of staff.] 1. Main body of a

tree, or other plant. 2. A little branch
bearing a fruit or flower. 3. Stock of

a family. 4. [A.-S. stefn, Icel. stqfn.]

A curved timber at the fore end of
a vessel hence, the forward part of a
vessel.
v. t. [-med; -ming.] 1. To

A, E, I,0,U,

Art of delineating the forms of solid

bodies on a plane.

STE'RE-OM'E-TRY,

[Gr. crrepe6<;.
n.
firm, solid, and p-erpov, a measure.]
Art of measuring solid bodies.
[Gr. crreped?,
STE'RE-O-SCOPE, n.
firm, solid, and aiconelv, to view.]
An optical instrument for giving to
pictures the appearance of solid
forms, as seen in nature.

Relating or
Ste're-o-scop'i*;, a.
adapted to the stereoscope.

Ste'RE-ot'o-MY,

n.

[Gr.

V -long; AjEjIjOjtfjY.wWJ/CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

crepeo?.

WHAT

for bathing, sweating, &c. 2. A house

of prostitution. 3. A dish cooked by
stewing. 4. Confusion. [ Colloq.]
[A.-S. stige(stu'ard), n.

Steward

weard, stiweard.]!. A man who manages the domestic concerns of another. 2. A waiter on board a ship.
Stew'ard-ess, n. A female waiter
[ard.
on shipboard.
Stew'ard-ship, n. Office of a stewStib'i-al, a. Like, or having the qualities of, antimony.
Stib'i-um, n. [Lat.] Antimony.

f RE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM; S6N,

STICH
St'ich

[Gr. orixos, a row,

verse or line in poetry.
n.
[A.-S. sticca, allied to stecan, stician, to stab, prick.]
1. A
small shoot of a. tree or shrub, cut
2. Any stem or branch cut for
otf.
fuel or timber. 3. Any thing shaped
like a stick.
v. I. [stuck
STICKING.] 1. To pierce to stab. 2. To
set to fix in or on.
v. i. 1. To adhere. 2. To be united closely. 3. To
(stik), n.

line.]

n. Freedom from noise,

motion, agitation, or excitement, &c.

STlLL'NESS,

Stick,

be hindered from proceeding.

To

4.

[sticky.

hesitate.

Stick'I-NESS,

Quality of being
[-ED -ING.]
v. i.

n.

Stick'le (stlk'l),
[From the practice

of piize-tightei-s,
who placed seconds with sticks to
interpose occasionally.]
To contend pertinaciously on insufficient

grounds.

StTck'ler,
Stick'y, a.

One who

n.

[-er

STOCKHOLDER

413

stickles.

-EST, 142.]

Intenacious.
.

Stil'ly
Calmly

(109), adv.
quietly.

Silently.

1.

2.

STlP'U-LA'TOR,

One who

n.

stlpo*

lates.

Stip'tjle, n.
straw.]

[Lat.
leaf-like

a stalk,
appendage at tne
stipula,

base of petioles or leaves.

Stilt, n. [0. H. Ger. stelza.] A piece
of wood constructed to raise the foot StIr (18),f. t. [-red; -ring.] [A.-S.
styrian.] 1. To change the place of
v. t.
above the ground in walking.
in any manner. 2. To bring into de[-ED; -ing.]
1. To raise on stilts.
bate. 3. To instigate
to prompt.
2. To raise by unnatural means.
v. i.
1. To move one's self.
2.
StiM'U-lant, a. Serving to stimuTo be in motion.
n. 1. Agitation;
late.
n.
That which stimulates,
2. Public commotion.
tumult
provokes, or excites.
Stim'u-late, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. STIR'RUP (stuVrup or stirrup), n.

stimulare, -latum ; stimulus, a goad.]

excite, rouse, or animate to action
or more vigorous exertion.
Stim'u-la'tion, n.
Act of stimulating, or state of being stimulated.
Stim/u-LA'tI've, a. Having the quality of stimulating.
n. That which
stimulates.
[lates.

To

One who stimupi.

STIM'U-LI.

StYji'U-la'TOR, n.

stigerap,

[A.-S.

stirap

st'igan,

to

rap, a rope.) A ring for

the foot of a rider, attached to a
strap which is fastened to the saddle.
Stitch, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.

mount, and

To form stitches
v. i.
To
2. To sew together.
n.
1. A single
practice stitching.
pass of a needle, or the loop made by

stician, to prick.] 1.
in.

clined to stick adhesive

STIM'U-LVS, n. ;
it.
2. Space between two double
3. An
[Lar.]
Stiff, a. [-er; -est.] [A.-S. sttf.]
furrows in plowed ground.
Something that rouses the
2. N ot liquid or
1. Not easily bent.
acute pain.
mind or spirits, or increases vital acfluid.
3. Not easily subdued
firm.
tion.
Stith'y, n. [Icel. stedhi.] An anvil
[Allied to stew, stow,
4. Formal in manner.
Sting, n. [A.-S. sting, stincg. Cf Stive, v. t.
Stiffen, r. t. or /. [-ED -ING.] To
Stick.] 1. A sharp-pointed weapon
To make hot and close.
stuff.]
with which certain animals are armed Sti'ver. n.
make or become stiff.
[D. stuiver.] A Dutch
( n a stiff manner.
coin, worth two cents.
Stiff'ey, a rf v
by nature for their defense. 2. Wound
STiFF'-NECK_ED(-nekt),a. Stubborn.
|X!f.
Ger. stocken, to
made by a sting. 3. Any thing that Stoak, v. t.
[dish color.
Stiff'ness, n. State of being stiff.
stop.]
gives, acute pnin. 4. Point of an epiTo choke.
Sti'fle, v. t. [-ED; -l|TG.] [Dim.
gram, or sarcasm.
[stung Stoat, n. The ermine, when of aredv. t.
stinging.]
1.
of stive.] 1. To stop the breath to
To pierce with a Stoc-cade', n. See Stockade.
choke. 2. To extinguish to quench.
sting.
Stock, n. [A.-S. stocc, a stock, stick.
2. To pain acutely.
to conceal.
1. Stem of a tree or
3.
To suppress
n.
Sting'er, n. One who, or that which,
See Stick.]
plant.
2. Something fixed, solid,
[From stiff.] 1. Joint on the hind
stings.
and senseless. 3. One who is as dull
leg of a horse next, to the flank. 2. Stin'gi-ly, adv. In a stingy manner.
and lifeless as a post. 4. The prinA disease in the knee-pan of a horse. Stin'gi-ners, n. State or quality of
;

STIG'MA,
pi.

n.

Eng.pl. STlG'MAS

2.

Any

[Gr. crxty/jia, from

to prick, brand.] 1. A brand.
mark of infamy. 3. {Bot.) The

top of the

[ma.

pistil.

Stig-mat'ic, a. Marked with a stigSTIG'MA-TIZE,r. t. [-ED; -ING.] To

set a mark of disgrace on
to brand.
STILE, n. [A.-S. stigel, ladder, fr. sti;

to ascend.]
A set of steps, for
passing a fence or wall.
STI-LET'TO, n.; pi. STI-LET'TOS.
[It., dim. of stilo, a dagger, fr. Lat
stilus, stylus a pointed instrument.]
1. A small round dagger. 2. A pointed instrument for making eyelet
holes. v.t. [-ED; -ING, 144.] To
stab with a stiletto.
Still, v. t. [-ed -ing.] 1. [A.-S.

gan,

stillan, fr. stille, still.]

To

noise, motion, or agitation

stop, as
to quiet.

[Abbrev. from distill.] To distill.

[-er; -est.] 1. Silent. 2.
Undisturbed. 3. Motionless.
adv.
1. To this time.
2. Habitually
always. 3. By an additional degree.
4. Nevertheless
sometimes used
as a conjunction. 5. After that.
n.
A vessel used in distillation.
2.

a.

Stil'la-ti'tious
stillatitius

(-ti'sh'us), a.

stilla,

[Lat.

a drop.] Falling in

drops.

Still'-born,

a.

Dead at the birth.

The class or style of

Still'-life, n.
painting which represents
flowers, dead game, &c
OR, Dp,

WOLF, too, TOOK;

being stingy.
a. [-ER; -est, 142.] [Orig.

Lat.

STI&'MA-TA.

a~rte<.v,

fruits,

Stin'gy,

eager, greedy, stimulated, fr. sting.]

Meanly avaricious niggardly.
[stank or stunk;
Stink, v. i.
stinking.]
[A.-S. stincan.]
To
emit a strong, offensive smell.
n.
A strong, offensive smell.
Stint, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S. stintan, to blunt. Cf. Stunt.] 1. To
restrain within certain limits. 2. To
n. 1. Limassign a certain task to.
it
restraint
2. Quantity
extent.
assigned.
Stipe, n. [Lat. stipes, a stock, post.]
(Bot.) (a.) Base of a frond, as of a
fern, (b.) Stalk of a pistil, (c.) Stem
of a fungus or mushroom.
STI'PEND, n. [Lat. stipendium ; stips,&
gift in small coin, and pendere, to pay
out.] Settled pay or compensation.
;

Sti-pend'I-A-ey,

n.

One who

StIp'ple,

a.

Receiving wages.

receives

[-ed

a stipend.

-ing.] [D. stipslip, stippel, a

pelen, to spot, dot
dot, spot.] To engrave by means of
dots.
n. A mode of engraving by
means of dots instead of lines.
Stip'u-late, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
stipulari, -latus, orig. to conclude a
money transaction, from stips, a gift
To make an agreein small coin.]
a.
ment to bargain to contract.
Furnished with stipules.
Stip'u-la'tion, n. 1. Act of stiput.

PULL

lating.

tlIiN,RUE,

v.

2.

E,

That which
J,

O, silent

is

stipulated.

5. Original
cipal supporting part.
progenitor; also lineage family. 6.
pi.
Mouej invested in business
,

companies
shares in joint-stock
[Amer.], or in the obligations of a

government

for

its

funded debt.

[Eng.] 7. Supply provided. 8. Domestic amimals

used, or raised,
on a farm. 9. A
stiff, wide baud
for the neck. 10.
pi.
A frame in
which the feet or
feet and hands of
criminals
were
Stocks (10).
confined. 11. pi. Frame on which
a ship rests while building.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To provide with material requisites
to store to supply.

a.

Standard; permanent.

Stock-ade',

n.

[See

Stock.] Aline

or enclosure of posts, set as a fence

v.t. [-ED:-ING.] To
or barrier.
fortify with sharpened posts fixed in
[deals in stocks.
the ground.

broker who
n.
(-duv), n.
The wild

Stock'-bro'ker,

Stock'-dove

pigeon of Europe.

Stock'-ex-change',

n.

1.

where stocks are bought and

2.

An

[Eng.]

Place
sold.

association of stock -brokers.

[without salt.
Stock'-ftsh, n. Cod dried in the sun
Stock'hold-er, n. A proprietor of
stock in any public funds.
-

C, G, soft; , S, hard; Ag;

SglST

as

NG

TfilS-

STOCKING
3TOCK'lNG,n. [From

covering for the foot and

fitting

ST6cK'-j6B'BER,n.

One who

leg.

spec-

Act or art of

n.

dealing in stocks.

[post.

Stock'-stIll, a.
Still as a fixed
Stock'y, a. [-ER -est, 142.] [From
stock.]
Thick and firm stout.
;

[Gr. o-rwtKos, from o-roa, a

porch, esp. one where Zeno taught.]
1. A disciple of the philosopher Zeno.
2. Oue n r
easily excited
an apa-

ijTO'I, n.

fc

thetic pevson.

Sto'I,
STO'I-A T

,,

a.

Unfeeling manifestto
ing indifference
:

pleasrie or pain.

manner

In the

of the Stoics.

'

[stoical.

State of being

n.

STO'l-clgM, n. 1. Opinions and maxims of the Stoics. 2. Indifference to

pleasure or pain.
STOK'ER, n. [Prov. Eng. stoke, to
stir the fire, fr. stoke, a stock, stick.]
One who tends the furnace of a locomotive or steam-engine.
STOLE, imp. of Steal. n. [Gr. cnoXrj,
dress, robe, from arikXeiv, to array.]
1. A long, loose garment. 2. A narrow band worn by Roman Catholic
deacons, bishops, and priests.
Stolen (stolu, 58), p. p. of Steal.

Stol'id,

Hope-

a.
[Lat. stolidus.]
lessly insensible or stupid.

Sto-lid'i-ty, n.
lect

c-xos,

Dullness of intel-

(stQm'ak), n.

from

[Gr. <rro/a-

a mouth, outlet.]

o-roixa,

The

principal organ of digestion.

2. Appetite. 3. Inclination
liking.
v. t. [-ed;-ing.] 1. To resent.
1.

2.

To brook.

St6m'a-cher

n.

An

orna-

n.
A medicine
of the stomach.
that strengthens the stomach and
'

Stone

2.

discharge from

the bowels.

[-ED; -ING.]
[A.-S.
i.
stupian.] 1. To bend downward and
forward. 2. To descend from rank or
dignity.
3. To come down on prey,
as a hawk; to swoop. 4. To alight
n. 1. Act of stoopfrom the wing.
2. Condescension.
3. Fall of
ing.
a bird on its prey a swoop. 4 [0.
stoepen,
with
to
sit.]
porch
D.
balustrade and seats on the sides.
[Amer.]
5. [A.-S. stoppa, a large
cup ] A vessel of liquor a flagon.

STO~OP, v.

n.
[A.-S. stored
bird.
n.
[From
the root of si
1.
A violent disturbance of the at-

ning; hence, often,

fall of rain
or
snow. 2. A civil,

contrivance by which the sounds of

a musical instrument are regulated.
4. A mark of punctuation.
Stop'-gock, n. A pipe for a fluid,
stopped by a turning-cock.

Stop'-gap,

n.

That which

1.

closes

or the

like.

To

3.

Storm'i-ness,

action.
[A.-S.
(20), n.
its

start.}

1.

1. To
varies.
v. t. [-ed;-ing.]
pelt or kill with stones. 2. To free
from stones. 3. To wall with stones.
Stone'-blind, a. Perfectly blind.
STONE'-OAL, n. Anthracite coal.
Stone'-cut'ter, n. One who cuts
or hews stones.

rage.

Beaten by storms.
Tcmpestuousness.
Storm'y, a. [-ER; -est, 142.] 1.
Agitated with furious winds; boisterous.

a.
n.

2. "Violent:

StoRTH'ING
storting,
court.]

passionate.

(stort'ing), n.

[Norw.

and tins,
fr.
The Parliament of Norway.
stor,

great,

STO'RY

[From history.] 1.
(20), n.
recital of that which has occurred ;
esp. a short narrative ; a tale.
2.

[Either frcm store, or

allied to stair.)
A set of rooms on
the same floor a loft.
v. t. [-ED
-ING, 142.] To narrate or describe.
falsehood!

3.

STO'RY-TELL'ER,n. One who tells

temporary expedient.
Stop'page, n. Act of stopping, or
stories.
Stoup, n. [See Stoop.] Basin for holy
state of being stopped.
water at the entrance of churches.
Stop'per, n.
One who, or that
which, stops; that which closes a Stout, a. [-er;-est.] [Icel. stoltr,
D. stout.] 1. Strong; vigorous; rohole in a vessel.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
bust.
2. Bold
valiant
brave. 3.
To close or secure with a stopper.
Big in stature large.
Stop'ple, n. That which stops the
Svn. Corpulent. Stout, in ourearly
mouth of a vessel a stopper.
writers, was used chiefly or wholly in
Stor'age (45), n. 1. A putting in a
the sense of strong or told: as, a flout
store.
2. Price for keeping goods in
champion, a stoul heart, a stout resistastore.
ance.^ At a later period it was used for
Sto'rax, n. [Lat.] A fragrant resin
thick-set or bud:;/: and more recently,
2.

resembling benzoin.

mass of concreted earthy or mineral Store,

2. A monument to the
matter.
dead. 3. A calculous concretion in
the kidneys or bladder. 4. Nut of a
drupe. 5. A weight which legally is
fourteen pounds, but in practice

'"*

Storm'-beat,

[-ped; -ping.]

t.

M$%?

Stork,
domestic commotion.
3. Assault on a for-ING.] To
tified place,
v. t. [-EU
attack and attempt to take by scaling the vails, &c.
1. To
v. i.
raise a tempest.
2. To blow with
violence: also, to rain, hail, snow,

[From

v.

large

political, or

Lat. stvpa,stvppa, coarse part of flax,

oakum.] 1. To close, as an aperture,
by filling. 2. To arrest the progress
of. 3. To hinder .iodi moving. 4. To
punctuate.
v. i.
To cease from
any motion or course of action.
n.
1.
Act of stopping or state of being
stopped. 2. That which stops. 3. A

Stop,

mosphere,
producing wind, rain,
snow,
hail,
or
thunder and light-

(-cher),

ment worn on the breast by women.

STO-MAH'I, a. Exciting the action
excites

without aback.

a gap.

stupidity.

St6m'AH

A small collection of
up in the field.
[A.-S. stol, allied to 0. II.
1. A seat
Ger. stellan, to put, set.]
n.

sheaves set

Sto"ol, n.

STO'HJ-AL-LY, adv.

Sto'io-al-ness,

Relating to, made of, StOrk,

STON'Y, a.
wading
abounding in. or resembling, stone.
Storm,
Sto"od, imp. of Stand.

Stook,

ulates in stocks.

Stock'-job'bing,

STOWAGE

414
A close-

stoc k.]

[Cf. A.-S. star, great, large,

n.

A great quantity or numA store-house; a magazine.

place where goods are sold.
[Amer.] 4c.pl. Articles accumulated

vast.]

ber.

1.

2.

Any

3.

for

some

object.

Syn. Shop.
The Engli-h call the
where goods are sold a shop, and

place

confine the word store to its original

meaning; viz., a warehouse or place

where goods are

stored.
Our American
application of the word store to all places,
except the lowest, where goods are sold,
marks a tendency to " scale upward " in
the use of terms, which we have in com-

especially in England, the idea has been

carried still further, so that Taylor says
in his Synonyms, " The stout man has
the proportions of an ox: he is corpulent, fat, and fleshy in relation to his
size." Few in America entirely drop
the original sense; and many who have
read Washington Irving's story of the

" Stout
that he

n.

Gentleman " never suspected

was merely si very fat man.

A strong kind of beer.

Stout'ly, adv.
Lustily;

boldly[stout

obstinately.

Stout'ness, n.
STOi r E, n. [A.-S.

Condition of being
stqfe, a stove, bath.]
An apparatus forwarming a room or
Stone'-fruit, n. Fruit whose seeds
house, or for culinary or other purmon with the French, among whom
are covered with a hard shell envelposes.
v. imp. of Stave.
boutique has, in like manner, given place
oped in the pulp a drupe.
to magasin as a place for the sale of Sto'ver, n
[0. Fr. estover, necesgoods.
Ston'er, n. 1. One who stones. 2.
All kinds of prosity, provisions.]
One who walls_with stones.
v.t.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To furvision for cattle.
Stone'j'-tijrow, n. Distance which
nish
to supply.
[-ed -ing.] [Cf. A.-S.
2, To lay up Stow, v.t.
a stone may be thrown.
against a future time. 3. To deposit
stov, a place, a fixed mansion ] 1.
Stone'-still, a. Motionless.
for preservation.
To arrange in a compact mass. 2.
Stone '-ware, n. A species of pot- Store'-house, n. A building for
To fill, by packing closely.
ter's ware.
keeping goods a ware-house.
Stow'aGe n. 1. Act of stowing. 2.
Ston'i-ness, n. Quality or state of Sto'rTed, p. a. 1. Told in a story.
Room for the reception of things.
being stony.
2. Having a history.
3. State of being laid up.

A.,

E,

I,

0,V,Y, long;

X.,E,I, 6, U,

It,

short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL XSMj PIQUE, FIRM

SON,


STRABISMUS
0Tpa/3ieiv,
twist, turn.]

n.
[Gr. <TTpa^icr,.6s ;
to squint, arpecf>eiv, to

Squinting.
v.

[-ED;

i.

STRETCHED

415

STRA-Bls'MUS,

StrXd'dle,

;;

-ING.]

vagare, to stroll about.] To wander,

as from a direct course or from company or the proper limits.
a. Wandering.
n.
Any domestic animal
that is lost.

seen. 2. Causing
[ner.
exciting curiosity.

known, heard, or
surprise

Strange'ey, adv. In a strange manStrange'ness, n. Condition of be-

ing strange reserve uncouthne3S

[From the root of stride.] To stand
Streak, n. [A.-S. strica, a line,
estrangement wonderfulness.
or walk with the legs far apart.
stroke, fr. strlcan, to go.] 1. A line
n. Stran'ger, n.
One who is strange
v. t. To stand or sit astride of.
of a different color
a stripe,
i
a foreigner a guest.
Act or position of one who straddles.
(Ship-building.) A range of planks,
STRAG'GLE,^. i. [-ED -ING.] [From StrXn'gle, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
reaching from the stem to the stern.
strangidare Gr. a-TpayyaKav, from
stray.]
To wander from the direct
1. To destroy
v.t. [-ED -ING.] To form streaks
<TTpa.yy6.kri, a halter.]
course to rove.
the life ot by stopping respiration
or stripes in to stripe.
Strag'GLER, n. One who straggles.
to suffocate
to choke. 2. To sup- Streak'y, a. Having streaks striped.
Straight (strat), a. [-er; -est.]

[A.-S. streht, p. p. of streccan, to

1. Direct; not deviating
stretch.]

or crooked. 2. According with jusadv.

Directly; in
upright.
tice
the shortest time.
;

Straight'en
-ING.]

[-ED

(strat'n), v. t.
make straight.

To

Straight'for-ward

(strat'-),

Proceeding in a straight course

a.

not

[right line.

deviating.

Straight'ly (strat'ly), adv. In a

STRAIGHT'NESS (strat'-), n. Quality
of being straight

Straight'way
mediately

Strain,

r.

rectitude.

(strat'-),

adv.

Im-

[-ed

t.

-ing.]

[0. Fr.

straindre, Lat. stringere, to draw or

tight.]
1. To draw with force
2. To exert to the utto stretch.
most. 3. To harm by over-exertion.
4. To filter.
v. i.
1. To make vion. 1.
lent efforts. 2. To be filtered.
sprain. 3.
violent effort. 2.
4.
Style.
particular portion of a tune.
inborn disposition.
5. Tendency
STRAIN'ER, re. 1. One who strains.
2. That through which any liquid
passes for purification.
Strait, a. [-er -est.] [From Lat.
strictus, drawn together, close, tight.]

bind

1.

Narrow.

2.

n. A
chiefly

ful.

sage

1.

tress

Difficult

distress-

narrow pass or pas2. Disin the pi.

One who

(-last), n.

tightly with stays.

Strait'ly, ad i'.
Strait'ness, a.

Narrowly

Current gives us
Syn".
Current.
but one idea, that of running; stream
adds the idea of this onward flow beir.g
the resr.lt of some uniform force hence
we speak of a shifting current and a

steady stream.

2. An iron plate for

timbers.
v. t. [-PEi>; -ping, 136.]
To chastise with a strap. 2. To
fasten with a strap. 3. To sharpen by
rubbing on a strap, as a razor.
Strap-pa'do, n.
[It. strappata, a
pull.]
A military punishment consisting in drawing an offender to the
top of a beam, and letting him fall.

STRAP'PING,

Tall

a.

lusty.

Stra'ta, n. pi. of Stratum.

StrXt'a-Gem, n. [Qt. (TTpa.Tfiyy)ii.o.
;

trrpciTrj-yos,

Any

[-ED

?'.

resembles

-ING.]

fluids.

To flow

1.

To emit an

2.

abundant stream.

v.

t.

To send

forth in a current or stream.

Stream'er, n. A flag a pennon.

Stream'let, n. A small stream.
connecting
Stream'y, a. 1. Abounding with

1.

scheme

v.

in a current, as a fluid or whatever

rial.

StrXn'gu-la'tion,

commander.]
1.
an enemy.

for deceiving

A
2.

artifice.

Stra-te'Gi-s,

Stra-te'gic-al,

a.

Pertaining to,
or effected by,

[egy.
n. One skilled in stratn.
Science of directing

Strat'e-gist,

StrXt'e-gy,

or being formed into layers in the

earth.

strictly.

STRXT'l-FORM,a. [Lat. stratum and

forma form.] Having the form of

State or quality of

1.

n.
1. Act of
strangling, suffocation. 2. Inordinate constriction.
[strangury.
Stran-gu'ri-ous, a. Of the nature of
STRAN'GU-RY, n. [Lat. stranguria,
Gr. arpayyovpia, fr. crrpay^, arpdyyos, a drop, and ovpelv, to make
water.]
A painful discharge of
urine, drop by drop.
StrXp, n. [Lat. stroppus, Gr.orpot^os,
from uTpi^eiv, to twist.] 1. A long,
narrow slip of leather, or other mate-

Bound
man-

1.

2. Strict in

ners or morals.

stream.]

[A.-S.

current of water or other fluid. 2.

Any thing continuously issuing from
a source. 3. Drift tendency.

[coat.
great military movements.
or tight. 3. To distress.
Strait'-jXck'et, n. A strait-waist- StrXt'i-fi-ca'tion, n. A forming

Strait'-lAced

n.

strangles.
swelling in a

n.
n.
horse"s throat.

strategy.

difficulty

v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
narrow; to confine. 2. To make tense

Strait'en,

Stream,

press.

Stran'gler,
StrXn'gles,

strata

streams.

Street,

2.

Flowing with a current.

[L. Lat. strata (sc. via),

n.

a paved way

Lat. sterner e, stratum,

or road in a town.

A way

to pave.]

Syn. - See Road.

Street'-walk'er (-wawk'-), n. A
common prostitute who offers herself to sale in the streets.
n.
[A.-S. strengdhu,
strengdh. See Strong.] 1. Capacity for exertion or endurance.
2.
Power of resisting attacks. 3. Legal
or moral force. 4. Amount or numbers of any body. 5. Vigor of style.
Intensity of the distinguishing
6.
and essential element.
Sttt. See Force.
Strengthen, v. i. or r. [-ed
-ING.] To make or grow strong or
stronger.
Strength'en-er, n. One who, or
that which, increases strength.
Stren'u-ous, a.
[Lat. strenuus.]
Eagerly pressing or urgent.
Stren'u-ous-l i , adv. Vigorously.

Strength,

StrXt'i-fy,

v. t.
[-ed; -ing, 142.] Stren'u-ous-ness, ?i.
Eagerness
[Lat. stratum and face re, to maKe.]
earnestness active zeal.
To form or deposit in strata.
Stress, n. [Abbrev. from distress.]
Strake, n. [See Streak.] 1. An STRA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. arparos,
That which bears with weight that
an army, and ypdfyziv, to write.]
which constrains pressure.
iron band by which felloes are se-

being

strait.

Strait'-waist'5at,

n.

dress

used for restraining maniacs.

cured to each other. 2. A continuous range of planks on the bottom or

sides of a vessel, from stem to stern.

Stra-mo'ni-um,

plant
n. [N. Lat.]
used in medicine as a narcotic.
StrXnd, n. [A.-S.] 1. Shore of the
2. One of the
sea, or of a lake.
[-ED
v. t. or i.
twists of a rope.

drive or run aground

To break one of the
strands of, as a rope.
StranGe, a. [-ER ; -EST.] [0. Fr.
estrange, fr. Lat. extraneus, being
without, externally.] 1. Not before

-ING.]

1.

on a shore.

To

2.

or, do, wolf, TOO,

Description of an army.
STRA'TUM (147), n. ; Lat. pi. stra'ta. [Lat.,fr. stemere, stratum, to
spread.] A layer of earth or rock.
Straw, n. [From the root of strew..]
1. Stalk of certain species of grain,
pulse, Sec. 2. A mass of such stalks.
3. Any thing proverbially worthless.
Straw'ber-ry, n. A plant and its
fruit.
[lowish color.

Stretch,

v.

t.

[-ed;-ing.] [A.-S.

1.
To extend, esp. in
To spread to expand.
out. 4. To strain. 5.
To exaggerate.
v. i.
1.
To bo
drawn out in length or hi breadth,
or both. 2. To be extended.
3. To
exaggerate. 4. To make violent efforrg

streccan.]

length.

3.

2.

To reach

n.
1. Act of stretcnin running.
ing, or state of being stretched ef;

Straw'-6l'OR, n. A delicate, yelfort.

2. Any extended portion or
Str^w'y, a. Made of, or like, straw.
division. 3. Reach or extent: a tack.
Stray, v. i.
[-ed -ing.]
1.
[0. Fr. Stretch'er, ti.
One who, or

estrayer,

TOOK; URN, rue, pull

fr.

E,

Lat. extra, without,

I,

o, silent

and

c,G,so/ii;

that which, stretches.

,&,hard; A; EIST

2.

as

A brick

or

ng; this

STREW
stone laid with

its

longer dimension

2.

frame for carrying wouuded or

(stru or stro), v. t.
[-ed;
[A.-S. strewian, stredwian,
Goth, straujan.]
1. To scatter
to
spread by scattering. 2. To cover by
scattering.
&TRl>A,n.; pi. STRI'^E. [Lat.] A

-ING.]

small channel, or thread-like line, in

the surface of a shell, ice.
I

[Lat.

a.

strinlus.]

Formed with small

channels.

STRICKEN,
Struck

(sfcrnVl), n.
to strike grain to

p. a.

instru-

level

with

tbe measure.

Strict, a. [-ER; -est.] [Lat. strictas, drawn or bound tight.] 1. Drawn

2. Tense.
tight.
3. Exact
rigorously nice.
4. Observing exact
rules
rigorous.
5. Rigidly interpreted restricted.

close

Strict points to a
Syn. Severe.
person or thins, as one that binds closely
or keeps under control, as, strict in dis-

rules ; severe marks a

readiness or disposition to inflict pain.
cipline,

strict

Strict'ly, adv.

Tightly; exactly;
rigorously.
[tion of being strict.
Strict'ness, n. Quality or condi-

Strict'ure (53),
mark censure.
;

n.
2.

Critical

1.

re-

morbid con-

traction of any passage of the body.

Stride,

v.

i.

[strid,

STRl'N'GENT, a.

n.
Severe pressure.
[Lat. stringtns, draw-

ing or binding tight.] Urgent;

ing severe requirements.

mak-

String'ER. n. 1. One who strings

or makes strings. 2. (Railways.) A STROW, v. t.
Same as STREW.
StrCck, imp. & p. p. of Strike.
longitudinal sleeper.
StrTng'-halt, n.
A convulsive Structural, a.
Pertaining
twitching of the hinder leg of a horse
spring-halt.
[stringy.
StrIng'I-ness, n.
State of being
Strin&'y, a. 1 Consisting of strings;
fibrous.

2.

Ropy

strode

STRIP,

[See

v. t.]

edifice.

[-ED; -ING.]

v.i.

[Cf.

striugr, a hostile disposition.

Icel.

To use great efforts. 2. To labor

in any kind of difficulty or distress.
Syn. To strive
contend
labor.
See Endeavor.
1.

1.

An

4.

STRUG'GLE,

n.

fr.
;

136.] [A.1. To pull or tear off,

S. strypan.)
as a covering.
2. To deprive of a
covering. 3. To bereave
v.i. To
undress.
n.
A narrow piece, comparatively long.

STRIPE,

[Lat. structura,

n.

strvere, to join together.]

1. Form
construction.
2. Arrangement of
parts. 3. Manner of organization.

viscid.

to

structure.

StrDct'ure,

Strip, v.t. [-ped; -ping,

An

StrI'ck'le

ment

and

p. p. of Strike,
smitten.

draw over a strop with a view to

sharpen.
n. [Gr. cn-potfnj, fr. <rrp#etv, to turn.]
That part of an ancient song, or dance, which was performed by turning from the right to
the left of the orchestra.
Strove, imp. of Strive..

STRO'PHE,

strings from.

StrIn'gen-cy,

dead persons.

Strew

Stri'ate
Stri'a-ted,

1. To furnish with strings.

To make tense. 3. To strip the

ING.]

in the line of direction of the wall.

8.

STUCCO

416

n.

long narrow piece of a different color from the ground.

2. A
blow with a rod or scourge.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To form with stripes.
STRl'p'LING, ft. [As if a small strip
line or

Great labor or effort.

Contention strife. 3. Agony.
Syx.
See Exdeavok.

1.

2>

StrOg'gler,
STRU'MA,n.

from the main stock.] A lad.

StrIp'pings, n. pi. The last milk
drawn from a cow at a milking.

ULA.
Stru-mose',
Stru'mous,

n.
One who struggles
[Lat.] SameasSCROF

Scrofulous

a.

having

struma.
J
[strove, striven
Strum'pet, n. [Lat. stuprata, from
[0. Fr. estriver, 0. H.
stuprare to debauch.] A prostitute.
streban.]
1. To make efforts
/

Strive, v. i.
STRIVING.]

Ger.
to use exertions
to labor hard.
2.
To struggle in opposition. 3. To contend reciprocally.

Strung, imp. &;>. p. of String.

Strut, v. i. [-ted; -ting. J [Dan.

Syk.

To emulate

slrutte.]

To walk

affectedly with

lofty, proud gait, and erect head.

n. 1. Affectation of dignity in walk-

endeavor.

STRID, STRIDDEN
STRIDING.] Striv'er, n. One who strives.
ing.
2. A brace.
1.
[A.-S. stridan, to walk about.]
Strob'ile, n. [Gr. o-Tp6/3<Ao?, from Strych'ni-A, In. [From Gr. o-rpvx<TTpe(j>eiv, to twist.]
A cone, as that Strych'nine, vos, a kind of nightof _the hop or pine.
shade.] A vegetable alkaloid, used
n. [See infra. J A long, meas- Stroke, n. [From strike.] 1.
step.
A blow.
as a medicine, but very poisonous
ured, or pompous step.
2. A sudden attack, as of disease or
when taken in excess.
[Lat. stridulus.]
StRID'U-LOUS, .
death. 3. Sound of a clock. 4. Touch Stub, n. [A.-S. stybb, steb, allied to
Making a small, harsh, creaking
of a pen or pencil. 5. A masterly
Lat. stipes.] Stump of a small tree.
sound.
effort.
6. An effort suddenly prov.t. [-BED; -BING.] 1. To grub
StrTfe, n. [See Strive ] 1. Exduced. 7. Sweep of an oar in rowing.
up by the roots. 2. To strike, as the
ertion or contention for superiority.
;

2.
To walk with long steps.
To
straddle.
v. t.
To pass over at a

Contention in battle.
Str'i-gose', . [Lat. strigosus stringzre, to scrape.] Set with stiff bristles.
Strike, v. t. [strttck; struck,
2.

[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. stracian,

fr. strican, to strike.] 1. To rub gently
with the hand. 2. To make smooth.
v.

toes, against

t.

STUB'BED

a stump or stone, &c.

Short and thick.

(60), a.

Stub'eed-ness,

n.

Strokes'man (150), n. (Rowing.)

of being stubbed.
The man who rows the aftermost oar. Stub'ble, n. [Dim.

State or quality

Stumps
Steoll, u.
[-edj-ing.] To ramof grain, left in the ground.
To touch or hit with some
ble idly or leisurely.
n,
A wan- StOb'born, a. [From stub.] 1. UnTo cause to sound by one
dering idly and leisurely
a ramble.
reasonably obstinate not to be peror more beats.
3. To let or take
Stroli/er, n. One who strolls.
suaded. 2. Enduring without comdown.
4. To impress strongly.
5.
Strong, a. [-er; -est, 82.] [A.-S.
plaint hardy.
To affect by a sudden impression. 6.
Strang,' strong, fr. the root of string.]
Syx. Obstinate. Stubborn describes
To make and ratify. 7. To level, as
1. Having great power to act or to
a high degree of obstinacy. He who is
a measure of grain, &c.
v. i.
1.
endure. 2. Violent; impetuous. 8.
obstinate is one who will not yield to the
To make a quick blow or thrust. 2.
appeals we make to his reason and his
Zealous earnestly engaged. 4. Full
To hit to dash. 3. To sound by
better feelings.
He who is stubborn
of spirit intoxicating. 5. Affecting
percussion. 4. To combine in order
frows more obstinate the more clearly
any sense forcibly. 6. Having great
is unreasonableness is exposed.
to compel an increase, or prevent a
the
power,
as
mind.
vigor or
reduction, of wages. 5. To lower a
STUB'BORN-LY adv. Obstinately.

stricken; STRIKING.]
can.)

1.

force.

2.

[A.-S. strl-

;'.

of stub.]

flag in token of respect or surrender.

ft.
1. An instrument for leveling

Act of combining and

demanding higher wages for work.
grain, &c.

Strik'er,

2.

n.

Striking,

One who

strikes.

a.

I,

0,V,Y,long; I,2S,, 0,\i,t

See Robust.
n.

Stub'born-ness

(109), n.

Obstinacy

contumacy.

fortified place.

STUB'BY,a. 1. Abounding with stubs.

STRONG'LY, adv. With strength.
Strcn'ti-a
(-shT-), n.
[From
2. Short and thick.
Strontian, in Ar- Stub'-nail, n. A short, thick nail.
STRON'TI-AN
)

Impressive.
{String, n. [A.-S.j I. A slender line
or cord. 2. A line or a series of
things.
v.t.
[STRUNG; STRING-

A, E,

Syn.

Strong 'hold,

gyleshire.] An earth of a white color.

Strop, n. [See Strap.] An instrument for sharpening razors, &c.
[-ped ; -ping, 136.] To
v. t.

short

CARE, EAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

',

StCc'co,

n.
fit., fr. O. H. Ger. stucshell, stucco.]
1.
Plaster for
walls esp., a tine kind used for in-i
ternal dec orations. 2. Work made
chi,

ERE, VEIL

T^.il

PIQUE, tflRM S6N,

;

STUCK

SUBDUE

417

v. t. [ ED
-ING, 144.]
of stucco.
To overlay with stucco.
STUCK, imp. & p. p. of Stick.
[A.-S. studuJ]
Stud, n.
1. A small
piece of timber used to support

v.

[-ED

-ing.]

To

strike
with the toe. 2. To travel over, delivering speeches for electioneering
purposes. [Ajner.]

t.

1.

Stump'y, a. Pull of stumps.

2.
A large-headed orna- Stun, v. t. [-ned -ning.] [A.-S.
beams.
An
nail.
3.
ornamental
butstunian.] 1. To make senseless with
mental
ton for a shirt. 4. [A.-S. stud. Cf.
a blow. 2. To overpower the hearcollection
Uteed.] A
cf breeding
ing of.
horses and mares or the place where Stung, imp. & p.p. of Sting.
-ding, Stunk, imp. & p. p. of Stink.
they are kept.
i\ t. [-DED
To adorn or set with studs.
Stunt, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
136.]
Stud'ding-sail, n. A light sail set
stintan, to blunt, stunt, blunt.] To
;

outside of a square sail of a vessel.

n.
[Lat. studens, studying.]
1. One engaged in study
a
scholar. 2. A bookish man.
[ing.
STUD'-HORSE, n. A horse for breedSTUD'I.D, p. a. 1. Well-considered.

hinder from growth.

Stu'dent,

Stupe,
Cf.

2.

2.

a.

Stuff.] Medicated cloth applied

a hurt or

sore.

STU'PE-FAG'TION,

1.

school.]

Given to

Diligent; attentive.

study.

Planued

3.

with study.

With study

Stu'di-ous-ly, adv.

stupefacere

[Lat.

struck

senseless,

make.]

To make

STU'Dl-oDs-NESS, n. Quality of being

STOD'Y, n. [Lat. studium, fr. sludere,

Stu-pen'dous,

To apply the mind

to.

2.

To con-

sider attentively.
n. [Prob. fr. Lat. stuppa, tow,
oakum.] 1. Material to be manufactured. 2. Cloth not made into garments. 3. Refuse or worthless matter hence, nonsense.
v. t. [-ED;

Stuff,

-ING.] 1. To fill by crowding. 2. To

thrust or crowd. 3. To fill by being
put into. 4. To fill with seasoning.
To feed gluttonously.
v. i.

STUFF'ING,

That which

Act of stustupidity.

Causing insen[which, stupefies.

One who, or tuat

STU'PE-FUER, n.
Stu'pe-fv, v. t.
[-ed

the sensibility

to study.]
1. Application to books,
to arts or science, or to any subject.
2. Thoughtful attention.
Any
3.
object of attentive consideration. 4.
room devoted to study.
1.
r. i.
To apply the mind to books or to
any subject. 2. To endeavor diligently.
v. t.
[-ED -ING, 142.] 1.

1.

a.

sibility^

[studious.

attentively.

n.

pefying. 2. Insensibility

STU'PE-F ACTIVE,

Premeditated.

Stu'di-o (147), n. [It., study,

The workshop of an artist.
Sxu'Di-ofrs,

to
|

[Lat. stupa, st-uppa, tow.

n.

-ING, 142.]
stupere, to be
and facere, to
stupid
to blunt
;

of.

a.
[Lat. stupendus.]
especially, of astonishing magnitude or elevation.
Stu-pen'dous-ly, adv. In a stu-

Astonishing

pendous manner.
n.

Quality or

state of being stupendous.

SttI'PID, a. [Lat. stupidus ]

dull

from,

instrument.] 1. An instrument for writing on waxed

tablets.
2.
Any thing
resembling the ancieut
style
as, (a.) The pin of
;

(b.) The cylindial,

drical and tapering portion of a pistil. 3 Choice

of words. 4. Mode of st le < 2 6 >presentation, in music or the fino

arts.
5. Fashion.
6. Title
official
designation.
7.
mode of reckonv.t. [-ED; -ING.] To
ing time.
give a title to in addressing.
Sy>*.
To call; name; denominate.
Styl'et, n. [Dim. of style.] A small
*'

'

dagger a stiletto.
[genteel.
a.
Highly fashionable;
STYP'TIJ, n. Something which serves
;

Styi/ish,

to arrest hemorrhage.
a.
[Gr.
a-rvuTi-Kos , fr. o"rv<f>eLv, to contract.]

Having the quality of restraining

Jaemorrhage astringent.
Su^A-BLE, a. Capable of being sued.
Sua'sion, n. [Lat. suasio.] Persua;

sion.

Sua'sive, a. Persuasive.
[suade.
Sua'so-RY, a. Able or tending to perSuAv'I-TY (swav'i-ty), n. [Lat. suavness

suavis, sweet.] Agreeablepleasantness sweetness.

;

Sub'-ac'e-tate, n. An acetate having an excess of the base.

Yery

1.

wanting in understanding.

pidity.

n. [Lat. stylus, Gr.

crruAos, a pillar, a writing

itas, fr.

Stu-pen'dous-ness,

Resulting

Style,

2.

or evincing, stu-

Syn.
See Silly.
Stu-p'Id'i-ty, n. Extreme dullness of
perception or understanding.
[ner.
Stu'PID-LY, adv. In a stupid manStu'pid-ness, n. Stupidity.
-

Stu'POR,

n. [Lat., from stupere, to be

struck senseless.] Great diminution
of sensibility numbness.
;

Stu-PRA'TION,

n.
[Lat. stuprare,
to ravish.]
Yiolation of
chastity by force.

-prat urn,

Sub-ac'id, a. Moderately acid or sour.

Sub-a'rid, a. Moderately acrid.
Sub-AL'tern (113), a. [Lat. sub, under, and alter mis, one after another.]
Subordinate; inferior.
n.
A person holding a subordinate position.
a. Succeeding by
turns successive.
[ter.
Sub-a/que-ous, a. Being under waSub-as'tral, a. Beneath the stars.
Sub'as-trin'gent, a.
Moderately

Sub'al-tEr'nate,
;

astringent.

Sub'au-di'tion

(-dish'un), n.

[Lat.

subauditio, fr. sub, under, and auused

STUR'EI-LY, adv. In a sturdy mandire, to hear.] Act of understanding
for filling^ 2. Seasoning for meat.
STUL'Tt-FY, v. t. [-ED; -ING, 142.]
something not expressed.
ner hardily stoutly.
[sturdy.
[Lat. stultu*, foolish, facer e. to make.] Stur'di-ness, n.
Quality of being SOb'-base (109), n.
Deepest pedal
1. To make a fool of.
Stur'dy, a. [-er; -est, 742.] [0. Sub'-bass,
2. To allege
stop, or the lowor prove to be insane.
Fr.| estourdi, stunned,, thoughtless,
est tones of an organ.
STUM, n.
rash. Cf. Icel. styrdr, rigid, hard.] SUB'eoM-MlT'TEE, n.
[D. stom.]
Unfermented
An under
committee.
grape-juice; must.
1. Foolishly obstinate.
2. Characv. t.
To re[servant.
S0b-dea'ON (-de'kn), n. A deacon's
new, as wine, by mixing must with it.
terized by strength or force.
Stum'ble, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Prov. Stur/geo'n (stfir'jun), n. [L. Lat. SDb'di-vide', v. t. [-ed -ing.] To
sturio, sturgip, A.-S. styria, styriga.]
Eng. stummer, to stumble.] 1. To
divide again, as what has already
trip in walkiug or running.
been divided.
2. To
A large cartilaginous fish.
err.
[-ED; -ING.] [H. Sub/di-vis'ion (-vTzh'un), n. 1. Act
3. To light by chance.
n. 1. Stut'ter, v. i.
A trip in walking or running. 2. A
Ger. stottern.]
To hesitate in utterof subdividing. 2. Part made by
blunder a failure.
subdividing.
ing words to stammer.
n. Actof
[above the tonic.
Stum'bler, n. One who stumbles.
SDb-dom'i-nant, n. The fourth tone
stuttering.
n.

1.

is

Stut'ter-er, n. One who stutters. Sub-dDct', v. t.

[Lat. subducere,
-ductum.] 1. To withdraw. 2. To
of stumbling STY f n. 1. [A.-S. sfigend, fr. stlgan,
J
or error.
subtract by arithmetical operation.
to rise.] An inflamed tumor on the
Stump. n. 1. The part of a tree reedge of the eyelid. 2. [A.-S. stige.] Sub-DU'tion, n. Act of subducting.
maining in the earth after the trunk
A pen for swine. 1, t. To shut up Sub-due', v. t. [-ed -ing, 140.]

Stum'bling-block,
Stum'bling-stone,

n.

Any

cause

is

cut

off.

Part of a limb or other

after a part is lost.

2.

body remaining
3. pi. Legs.

Colloq.]

Stump-orator, one who harangues the

populace from the stump cf a tree, or
other elevation. [Amer.]

in a sty.

Styg'i-an,

a.

[Lat. Stygius, fr. Gr.

2tv, 2-rvyos, Styx, i. e., the HateRelating to Styx, a fabled

river of hell over which the shades
of the dead passed hence, infernal.
ful.]

OR, do,

WOLF, TOO, TOOK.; URN, RUE, PULL

27

E,

I,

o silent

c, G, so/*;

[Lat. sub, under, andducere, to lead.]

To conquer permanently to over-

1.

2. To overcome by persuaor other mild means. 3. To

make mellow to break, as land.
Stn.
See Conquer.

power.
sion,

e,G,hard; As; E^IST

5 osNGj THIS;

SUBDUER
One who subdues.

SUB-DO'ER, n.
Su-BER'I, a.

[Lat. suber, the cork-

Pertaining to cork.

tree.]

418

SUBSIDY

tinguished by lofty traits. 3. Awakening or expressing the emotion of

awe, adoration, heroic resolve, &c.

nature, power, or importance, &c.

n.
One who ranks below another.
Sub-or'di-nate-ly, adv. In a subordinate manner.
SUB-OR'DI-NA'TIGN, n. 1. Act of subordinating. 2. State of being subordinate. 3. Place of rank among in-

Sub'I-ta'ne-ous, a. Sudden quick.

A grand or lofty st3le. v. t.
n.
[ed; -ING.] 1. To sublimate. 2.
SfJB-jA'CENT, a. [Lat. subjacent, lyTo dignify to ennoble.
ing under.] Being in a lower situa[ner.
Sub-l}me'ly, adv. In a sublimemantion, though not directly beneath.
;

SOb'ject,
under.]

[Lat. subjectus, lying

1. Placed or situate under.
a.

Placed under the power of an-

2.

other.

3.

Syn.

Exposed

disposed.

See Liable.

n.

1. One under the authority of

a ruler. 2. That which is brought
under any physical operation or examination that which is taken up
for discussion. 3. That of which
any thing is affirmed or predicated.
4. That in which any quality, attri;

bute,

or

stance,

v.

inheres

relation,
t.

sub-

[-ED;-ING.] 1. To
power of. 2. To
3. To make accounta-

bring under the

make

liable.

ble.
4. To cause
Sub-J'tion, n.

ing.

to undergo.

1. Act of subjectState of being subject.

2.

SUB-JET'IvE,

a.
1. Pertaining to a
subject.
2.
Pertaining to, or derived from, one's own consciousness.
Syn. See Objective.

Sub-JET'Ive-ly, adv.
to the subject.
Sub-ject'ive-ness,

n.

In relation
State of be-

ing subjective.
1.

State of be-

ing subjective.
2. That which is
treated in a subjective manner.
n.
The matter
presented for consideration.
Sub-join', v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
To
add after something else has been

SOb'JECT-mat'ter,

said or written.

SDb'JU-GATE,

t'.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

subjugare, -gatum ; sub, unand jugum, a yoke.] To subdue and bring under the absolute
[fiat,

der,

control of another.

SGb'JU-GA'TION, n.
Sub-junc'tion, n.

[gating.

Act of subju-

subjoining, or

being subjoined.

Sub-jDnc'tI've,

a.

ticas.]
1. Added to
fore said or written.

[Lat.

subjunc-

something be2. Expressing

contingency, hypothesis, or condi-

tion.
n.
The subjunctive mode.
Sub-la'tion, n. [Lat. sublalio, fr.

sublatum, to take away.]

Act of taking away.
sublollere,

SUB-LET', V.
To underlet

t.

Sub-lime'ness, n. Sublimity.
Sub-lim'i-ty, n. 1. Lofty height.

[-LET; -LETTING.]

to lease, as a lessee to
another person.
[sublimated.
Sub-lIm'a-ble, a. Capable of being
[-ED; -ING.]
SUB'LI-M ATE V. t.
[Lat. sublimare, -matum, to elevate,
fr. sublimis, high.]
1. To bring by
heat, as a solid, into the state of vapor. 2. To refine and exalt.
Sub'li-M ate , n. Product of a sublimation.
a. Vaporized by heat, and
again condensed, as solid substances.
;

feriors.
2.

Nobleness of nature or character. 3.

Feeling of astonishment and awe, at
the contemplation of what is lofty or
exalted. 4. Loftiness of sentiment or

SUB-ORN',

v. t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
subornare; sub, under, secretly, and
;

ornare, to furnish.]
take a false oath. 2.

To cau.e to
To procure by

1.

collusion.

[ing,

SBb'or-na'tion, n. Act of subornSun-ORN'ER, n. One who suborns.

indicated by these two words is the same; SDb-o'val. a. Nearly oval.
namely, a mingled emotion of aston- Sub-pce'na, n. [Lat. sub, under, t nd
ishment and awe. In speaking of the
poena, punishment.] A writ comquality which produces this emotion, we
manding the attendance in court of
call it grandeur when it springs from
what is vast in space, power, &c. we
a witness, under a penalty.
v. t.
call it sublimity when it springs from
[-ed; -ing, 144.] To serve with
what is elevated far
ordinary

style.

Syn.

Grandeur. The mental state

-.

above the

An immense

incidents of humanity.

plane is grand. The heavens are not

only grand, hut sublime (as the predominating emotion), from their immense
height.

SOb-lin/e-A'TION, n. A mark under

a word in a sentence.
[tongue.
SOb-lIn'gual, a. Situated under the
SOb-lu'nar,
a. Being beneath the
Sub'lu-na-ry,
moon terrestrial.
)

StJB'arA-RINE', a. Being, or growing,

under water, in the sea.
[scale.
SOb-me'di-ant, n. Sixth tone of the
Sub-merge', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
submergere, fr. sub, under, and merger e, mersum, to plunge.] To put
;

SDb/ject-iv'i-ty, n.

under water to plunge to drown.

SUB-MfiRSJBD^-merst/Jjrt. [See supra.]
Being or growing under water.
Sub-Mer'sion, n.
1. Act of submerging. 2. State of being putunder
water or other fluid.
;

Sub-mis'sion

(-nrish'un), n.

1.

n.

A compound of an

acid

containing oxygen and a salifiable

base, but having fewer equivalents
of the acid than of the base.
SUB-SRIBE',r. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
subscribere; sub, under, and scribere,
to write.] 1. To sign with one's own
hand to bind ones self by writing
one's name beneath. 2. To attest. 3.
To promise to give, by writing one's
name.
v. i.
1. To give consent by
signing one's name
hence, to assent. 2. To enter one's name for a
newspaper or a book, &c.
;

Sub-scr'ib'er, n. One

who

subscribes.

SUB'SCRiPT, a. Written underneath.

Sub-scrip'tion. n. 1. Act of subscribing.
2. That which
is
subscribed.

3.

Sum

subscribed.
n.
State of being

Sub'se-quence,
subsequent.

Act StJB'SE-QUENT, a. [Lat. subsequens.]

Following in time or order of place.
SOb'se-QUENT-ly, adv. In a subsequent time, manner, or position.
Sub-serve', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.

of submitting obedience. 2. State

of being submissive meekness resignation. 3. Acknowledgment of a
fault.
[submit.
Sub-mis'sive, a. Inclined or ready to
Sub-mis'sIve-ly, adv. With submission,
[submissive.
Sub-m'is'sive-NESS, n. State of being
;

writ of subpoena.

SOb'salt,

sub, under, and servire,

in subordination
or instrumentally to promote.
Sub-srv'i-ence, ) n. Use or operSub-srv'i-en-cy, { ation that pro-

subservire
to serve.]

To serve
;

[-TED; -TING.] [Lat.

submittere ; sub, under, and mittere,
motes some purpose.
to send.] 1. To yield to power, will, Sub-serv'i-ent, a.
Fitted or disor authority. 2. To leave to the disposed to subserve subordinate.
cretion or judgment of another.

Subject inferior submissive.

Syn.
v. i. 1. To yield one's person to the

SUB-MIT',

V.

t.

power, or one's opinion to the opinion, of another. 2. To yield without

Sub-side',

v.

[-ed; -ing.]

i.

[Lat.

subsidere ; sub, under, below, and sidere, to settle.] 1. To sink or fall to

the bottom. 2. To fall into a state of
quiet. 3. To descend
to sink.

murmuring.
Sub-mDl'ti-ple, n. A number or
quantity which is contained in anSyn. See Abate.
other an exact number of times.
SOb-nas'CENT, a. [Lat. subnascens.] Sub-sid'ence, n. Act of subsiding.
Growing underneath.
Sub-sid'i-a-ry (44), a. Furnishinga
Sub-6r'di-na-CY, n. [Lat. sub, under,
auxiliary.
n.
One who
subsidy
contributes aid an auxiliary.
and ordinans, arranging.] State of
;

SUB'SI-DIZE, V. t. [-ED; ING.] To

purchase the assistance of by paySUB-OR'DI-NATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. sub, under, and ordinare, -nament of a subsidy.
SiJB'Ll-MA'TiON, n. Act of sublimattum, to arrange.] 1. To place in a SOb'si-dy, n. [Lat. subsidium, orig.,
ing, or state of being sublimated.
troops stationed in reserve, fr. sublower order. 2. To subdue.
SUB-LIME', a. [-er; -est.] [Lat. Sub-or'di-nate, a.
1. Support
sidere, to sit down.]
1. Holding a
sublimis.] 1. High in place. 2. Dislower position. 2. Inferior in order,
aid. 2. Money paid by one prince or

being subordinate.

A, E,

I,

O V,Y, long; X,,I,6,U,

t

Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, XfiRM; PIQUE, FIRM s6N r
;

; ;;

SUCCULENT

SUBSIST

419

nation to another, to purchase the

service of auxiliary troops.

Sub-tr'flu-ENT, a.
Sub-ter'feu-ous, ) fluens, flowing
beneath.] Running under.
SDb'ter-fuge, n. [L. Lat. subterfugium, fr. Lat. subter, under, and

Syn.
tary

Tribute. A subsidy

a tribute

an

is

is

volun-

A subsidy is

exacted.

ally for his services

a tribute

paid to
given in acknowledgment of dependence or subjection.
;

is

SUB-SIST',

[-ED; -ING.]

[Lat.
subsistere ; sub, under, and sistere, to
stand, be fixed.] 1. To be to have
2. To continue.
3. To
existence.
To
be supported to live.
v. t.
feed
to maintain.
Sub-sist'ence, n. 1. Real being. 2.
v. i.

Means of support.
Sub-sist'ent, a. 1. Having real beInherency.

3.

[Lat. subter-

flee.] That to which a person resorts for escape or concealment

fugere, to

an evasion.

SOb'ter-ra'ne-an (124), a. [Lat.

SubterSUB'TER-RA'NE-OUS,
)
raneus ; sub, under, and terra, earth.]
)

Being under the surface of the earth.

SUB'TILE

a. [Lat. subtilis ; sub, under,

1.
slightly, and tela, a web, warp.]
Thin rare. 2. Nice fine delicate.
piercing. 4. Refined.
3. Acute
;

ing.

Inherent.

2.

Syn.

SDb'soil, n. The bed or stratum of

earth which lies immediately beneath
[of a species.
the surface soil.
SlJB-SPE'CIES (-shez), ft.
A division
SlJB'STAN^E^ft. [Lat. substantia, fr.
sub, under, and stare, to stand.] 1.
That which constitutes any thing

what
ter.

nature. 2. The characof any thing. 3. Body matEstate property.

it is

teristics
4.

Acute. In acute the image is

that of a needle's point in subtile that

of a thread spun out to extreme fineness.
Hence, he who is acute has a piercing
judgment, which enables him to discern
and discriminate with the nicest accuracy he who has a subtile intellect can
spin the finest thread of thought, and
follow out a subject in its most complicated relations. Acuteness guards against
error subtilty carries forward our investigations into tenuous and recondite
;

truths.

1. Belonging to
a.
substance actually- existing. 2. Real
true. 3. Strong stout solid. 4. Moderately wealthy.
SUB-STAN'TI-AI/I-TYf-shl-SPl-ty^ft.
State of being substantial.
Sub-stan'tial-ly, adv.
Really;
;

ceed.]

Supplying

something

place of

the

else.

SU' fE-DA'NE-UM,

pE-DA'NE-A.

SU'~
See infra.}
pi.

ft. ;

[Lat.

substitute.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

SUC-CEED', V
succedere, -r.essum ; sub, under, and
1. To folcedere, to go, to go from.]
low in order.
2. To be subsequent
or consequent.
Syn. See Follow.
v. i.
1. To come next in order.
t.

2. To come in the place of another.

3. To obtain the object desired.
Suc-ceed'er, ft. One who succeeds.

SUC-CESS',

Fa[Lat. successus.]
ft.
vorable termination of any attempt.
Resulting in, asa.
suring, or promotive of, success.
Suc-CESS'FUL-LY, adv. In a success-

SUC-^ESS'FUL,

Sub-stan'tiae,

subvertere, -versum; sub, under, and

1. To overthrow
vertere, to turn.]
from the foundation to ruin utterly.
2. To pervert, as the mind.
Sub-vrt'er, ft. One who subverts.
SuB-VERT'l-BL,E,a. Capable of being
[ordinate worker.
subverted.
SOb-work/er (-wurk'er), rA A subSuc^e-da'ne-ous, a. [See Suc-

SOb'tile-ly

(109), adv. In a subtile

manner.
[of being subtile.
SUB'TILE-NESS, ft.
State or quality
[conclusion.
ful manner.
1.
Act of Sue-CESS'FUL-NESS, ft.
SUB'TIL-I-ZA'TION, n.
Prosperous
making subtile. 2. A making so Sue-9ES'SION(-sesiyun), ft. 1. A folvolatile as to rise in steam or vapor.
lowing of things in order of time or
3.

Refinement.

place, or a series of things so follow-

[-ED -ING.] 1.
essentially.
[material parts. SUB'TIL-IZE, V. 1.
ing. 2. Line of descendants. 3. Power
To make thin or fine. 2. To refine.
SUB-STAN'TIALS, n. pi. Essential or
or right of inheritance.
1. Thinness; fine- Suc-CES'sroN-AL, (-seWun-), a. PerSUB-STAN'TI-ATE (-shl-at), V. t. SOb'til-ty, ft.
ness. 2. Refinement. 3. Cunning.
[-ED; -ING.] To establish by proof
taining to succession consecutive.
[-ER; -EST.] SU-CES'S1VE a. Following in order.
SDbt'EE (sut'l), a.
or competent evidence.
1. Sly
artful
[Contr. fr. subtile.)
StJB'STAN-Tl VE a. 1. Betokening exSuc-^es'sive-ly, adv. In a series or
cunning. 2. Cunningly devised.
2. Enduring firm.
istence real.
[ing successive.
order.
Quality Suc-9ES'sive-ness, ft.
. A noun the part of speech which SUBT'LE-NESS (sut'1-nes), ft.
State of beof being subtle.
designates something that exists.
Suc-^es'sor, ft. One who succeeds or
Sub'STAN-tive-ly, adv. 1. In sub- StJBT'LE-TY (sut'l-tj'), ft. 1. Cunfollows.
craftiness
artfulness.
2.
ning
stance. 2. As a substantive name, or
Suc-9'iNCT', a. [Lat. succinctus, gird;

;.

noun.
StJB'STI-TUTE,

Acuteness; shrewdness.

[-ED
-ING.]
[Lat. substituere, -tutum ; sub, under,
and statuere, to put.] To put in the
place of another.
n. One who, or
that which, is put in the place of anV.

t.

other.

SOb'sti-tu'tion,

n.
Act of substituting, or state of being substituted.

SUB'STt-TU'TiON-AL,

a.

Pertaining

pi.

SUB-STRA'-

to substitution.

SUB-STRA'TUM,

ft. ;

TA. [Lat. substratus, strewed under.]

That which is laid or spread under.

SBbt'ly

(sut'ly), adv.

Slyly art[consonant.
SUB-TON're, ft. A vocal or sonant
SUB-TRACT', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
subtrahere, -tractum ; sub, under, and
trahere,, to draw.] To withdraw or take
[tracts.
from the rest, as a part.
Sub-tragt'er, n. One who subSub-trac'tion, ft. The taking of a
lesser number or quantity from a
1.

ed befow, or from below, tucked up.]

Compressed into a narrow compass.

2. Delicately.

fully.

Syn.

con-

greater.

URN, RUE, PULL

e,

J,

am-

Stic'ci-Nous, a. Pertaining to, or resembling, amber.

SV'OR,V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [It. SOCcorre.re,

der,

Lat. succurrere,

and

sub,

fr.

currere, to run.]

To

un-

relieve

when in difficulty, want, or distress.

Syn. To relieve; deliver; comfort.

n.

Aid

help

assistance, especial-

ly in distress.

[cor.

SOc'COR-er, ft. One who

SiJC'CORY, n. [Corrupt,

plant

affords
fr.

suo

ckicory\

chicory.

Suc'co-tash,

n.
[Narraganset Ind.
msickquatash, corn boiled whole.j
Green maize and beans boiled to-

Brevity; con-

ft.

Suc-9'i'n'ic, a.
[Lat. suceinum,
Pertaining to amber.
ber.]

WQLF, TOO,

Briefly

[ciseness.

Suc-CINCT'ness,

Sub-tra'tive,

a. Tending, or having power, to subtract.

SOb'tra-hend', ft. Number to be
2. The subsoil.
3. Substance.
Sub-strDc'TION, ft. [Lat. substrucsubtracted from another.
tio, from sub, under, and struere, to
StJB / -TREAs/u-RY,ft. A subordinate
build.] Dnder-building foundation.
treasury or place of deposit.
SUB'STYLE, ft. A right line, on which StJB'URB,n. [Lat. suburbium ; sub, unthe style of a dial is erected.
der, near, and urbs, a city.]
Region
SUB-sOl/TO-RY. a.
[Lat. subsilire,
on the confines of any large town,
-sultum, to spring up.] Moving by
including buildings, streets, &c.
sudden leaps.
SUB-UR'BAN, a. Relating to, or being
Sub-tend', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
in, the suburbs of a city,
[variety.
subtendere, fr. sub, under, and ten- SOb'va-ri'e-ty, ft.
A subordinate
dere, to extend.]
To extend under, SUB-VER'SION, ft. Act of subverting
or be opposite to.
entire overthrow utter ruin.
Sub-tense', n. [Lat. subtendere, -ten- SUB-VER'stVE, a. Tending to subvert
sum, to stretch underneath.] A line
or overthrow and ruin.
subtending; chord.
Sub- vert', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

TCTok.

concise; compendious.

cisely,

1.

OR, DO,

Short;

Suc-^inct'ly, adv.

gether.

SOc'cu-lence, )ft.
Condition of
Su'U-len-cy,
being succulent.
SOe'CU-LENT, a.
[Lat. " sur.culentus,

o, silent; C, G,so/; , 5,

from succus,

Full of juice

juice.]

juicy.

hard; A; EXIST

as

NG THIS
;

SUCCUMB
8U-et5MB' (62), V.
[Lat. sue cumbere ;

[-ED

I.

yield

-ING.]

sub, under,

cumber*, for cubare, to

and

down.] To

lie

submit unresistiugly.

to

SULPHATE

420
SUF-FlCE

(-fiz', 65), v. i. [-ED -ING.]

[Lat. sufficere ; sub, under, and facere, to make.] To be enough.
v. t.
f

To satisfy to content.
SUF-FI'CIEN-CY (-fTsh'en-),

1. To introduce indirectly to
the thoughts.
2. To propose with

Syn. To hint; allude; insinuate.

SUG-GES'TION (sug-jest'yun or sud-

ry.]

2.

(58), a.

[0. Fr. sodain, su-

dain,soubdain, fr. Lat. subitus, sudden, fr. sub, under, secretly, and ire,
1. Coming unexpectedly. 2.
to- go.]
Hastily prepared or employed quick.
Sf/D'DEN-LY, adv. In an unexpected
;

manner.

1.

To follow up.

ecute judicially.

v.i.

2.
1.

make

1. To feel or undergo pain.

2. To
[suffered.
be injured.
SijF'FER-A-BEE, a. Capable of being

S&F'FER-A-RLE-NESS,

State

n.

quality of beins; sufferable

or

tolerable-

[manner.

ness.

of.

Suf'fer-A-bly. adv. Tn a sufferable

Suf'fer-ance, n. 1. Pain endured.
Submission. 3. Negative consent
by not forbidding.

2.

Suffuse',

v.

t.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

; sub, under, and

suffundere, -fusum

fund ere, to pour.] To overspread,

witha fluid or tincture.
n.

1.

as

Act of suffusing.

State of being suffused. 3. That

is suffused.
/
ar), n.
[Lat. saccharum, Gr. o-aKxap, aaKxa.pov,Ar. sukkar.] 1. A sweet, crystalline vegetable substance.
2. That which resembles sugar in taste or appearance,
v.t. [-ED, -ING.] To sweeten or cover with sugar.
Sug'ar-cane (shdbg/ar-), n.
The
plant from whose
juice sugar is obtained.
S UG
(shobg'ar-),
n.
A conical mass
sugar.
of refined
2.

which

Sug'ar (shdbg

&c

'AR-LOAF

SUG'AR-PLUM
(shdbg'ar-), n. A
or
small
ball
disk of candy a

Sugar-cane.

I,

0,V,Y, long; A,E,I, 6,

ar-), a.
tj,

Y, short;

Act of suggesting.

1.

diffident proposal or mention.

Hint.
hint is literally a
nod, and is the briefest mode of culling
one's attention to a subject; a saggi stion
is literally a throwing of something before the mind, a modest or delicate mode
of presenting argument or advice.
hint is usually something slight or covert, and may be merely negative in its
character; a suggestion is ordinarily intended to furnish us with some practical
" He gave me
assistance or directions.
a hint of my danger, and added some suggestions as to the means of avoiding it."

2.

Syn.

SUG-GEST'IVEfsug-jC-st'-OT-sud-jest'-),
a.
Containing a suggestion.
Su'i-CID'al (110), a. Partaking of, or
pertaining to, the crime of suicide.
Su'I-cide (92), n. [L. Lat. suicidium,
fr. Lat. sui, of one's self, and csedere,
to kill.]
1.
Self-murder.
2. One
guilty of self-murder.

SUIT, n.

[Fr. suite,

fr.

suivre, to fol-

1. Act of suing; endeavor. 2.

Courtship. 3. Prosecution of right
before any legal tribunal. 4. A retinue
company of attendants. 5.
Individuals of a series, as of rooms,
cards, &c.
6. A number of things
used together a set.
v. t.
[-ed
-ING.] 1. To fit; to adapt. 2. To

low.]

become.
agree

To

3.

please.

v.

To

i.

to accord.
a.
Capable of suiting;
likely to suit.
[prietv.
Suit'A-Ble-ness, n. Fitness; proSuit'a-bly, adv. Fitly agreeably.
Su'iTE (sweet), n. [Fr. See SUIT, n.]
;

Suit'a-ble,

connected series,
_as of objects
a set, as of rooms.
Suit'or, n. 1. One who sues; a petitioner esp. a wooer a lover. 2. One
1.

Retinue.

2.

who

prosecutes a

demand

in court.
[Lat. svlcatvs, furSUL'ga-ted, ) rowed, fr. sulcus, a
furrow.] Furrowed or grooved lon-

StJL'CATE

a.

gitudinally.

SiJLK'l-LY, adv.

Sulk'I-ness,

Sullenly morosely.
State or quality of
;

n.

being sulky.
n. pi. A sulky mood or humor.
StJLK'Y, a. [-ER; -est, 142.] [From
sulk.]
Sullen; sour; morose.
n.
[From sulky, a., from the owner's
desire of riding alone.]
A twowheeled carriage for a single person.

Sulks,

a.
[0. Eng. solein, solain,
1. Gloomy
solus, alone.]

StJl/LEN,
Lat.
dismal.
fr.

lent

2.

cross.

Gloomily angry and

Obstinate.

3.

si[ly.

Sui/een-ly, adv. Gloomily moroseStJL'LEN-NESS (109), n. State or qual;

t.
[-ED -ING, 142.] [See
1. To soil
to dirt.
2. To
tarnish.
3. To injure, as the purity
v. i.
To be soiled.
of reputation.

SiJL'LY,^.
Soil.]

A, E,

jSst'yun), n.

ity of being sullen.

S&F'FER-ER, n. One who suffers.

SDf'fer-ing, n. The bearing of pain
sweetmeat.
pain endured distress, loss, or in- Sug'ar-y (shdbg/jury incurred.

diffidence.

Suf-fu'mi-ra'TION, n. Operation of
smoking any thing; fumigation.

To prosTo peti- Suf-fu'sion,

to plead. 2. To prosecute to
legal claim.
Su'et,w. [Fr. si/,?/, Lat. sevum.] Hard
fat about the kidneys and loins.
Su'ET-Y, a. Consisting of suet.
[-ED -ING.]
StJF'FER, V. t.
[Lat.
sufferre ; sub, under, and ferre, to
bear.] 1. To feel with pain or annoyance to undergo. 2. To endure
without sinking. 3. To allow.
v.i.
tion

suffragium a vote.] Assisting.

n.
A bishop considered as an assistant
to his metropolitan.
SUF'FRAGE, n. [Lat. suffragium.] A
voice given in deciding a question, or
choosing a man for an office vote.
SUF-FU'MI-GATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
[Lat. suffumigare, -galum.; sub, under, below, and fumigare. to smoke.]
To apply fumes or smoke to the parts
:

A coming or hapn.
_pening without previous notice.
[Lat. sudor, sweat,
Su'DOR-lF'ie', a.
andfacere, to make.] Causing sweat.
n. A medicine that produces sweat.
SUDS, n. sing. [Ger. sud, a seething
Water impregsieden, to seethe.]
nated with soap.
Sue (64), v. t. [-ed -ing.] [See

Sud'den-ness,

Sew.]

SCd'den

t.

1.

n.

SUF-Fi'CIENT (-fish'ent), a.
1. Adequate to suffice.
2. Of competent
power or ability.
[Enough.
Of a character
SUF-FI'CIENT-LY (-fTsh'ent-), adv.
specified.
3. The same that.
A letter or
Su"CK,i\ t. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S. sucan.] SUF'FIX, n. [See infra.]
syllable added to the end of a word.
1. To draw up, in, or out, with the
mouth. 2. To draw milk from, with SUF-Fix', v. t. [-ED; -ing.] [Lat. sufJigere, -fixum, to fix below or on.] To
the mouth. 3. To inhale to absorb.
v. i.
add to the end, as a syllable to a word.
4. To draw in, as a whirlpool.
SUF-FL,ATE',r. t. [Lat. sufflare, -fa1. To draw by exhausting the air.
turn, from sub, under, aud fare, to
1. Act
n.
2. To draw the breast.
blow.] To inflate.
of drawing with the mouth. 2. Milk
Suf-fla/tion, n. Act of inflating.
drawn from the breast.
-ING.]
[-ED
S&ck'er, n. 1. One who, or that SUF'FO-ATE, V. t.
[Lat. sufforare, -catum; sub, under,
2. The shoot of a
which, sucks.
[at the breast.
and fauces, the throat.] To kill by
plant. 3. A fish.
stopping respiration to smother.
SUCK'LE, v. t. [-ED -IMG.] To nurse
To become choked.
v. i.
Suck'ling, n.
A child or animal
SUF'FO-eA'TiON, n. Act of suffocatnursed at the breast.
ing, or state of being suffocated.
Suc'tion, n. [Lat. sugere, suctum, to
SuF'FO-CA'TlVEja. Tending to suffo[ing.
suckj Act of sucking.
cate.
Su-to'ri-al, a. Adapted for suckSu'DA-TO-RY, a. [Lat. sudatorius.] SUF-FOS'SION, n. [Lat. suffosio.] A
digging under an undermining.
Sweating perspiring.
n. A sweatStJF'FRA-GAN, a. [Lat. suffragans, fr.
ing-bath.
of the like kind.

(sug-jgst' or sud-jest/), v.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat. suggfrere, -gessub, under, and gerere, to car-

tum;

State of being sufficient. 2. Ability

capacity. 3. Competence. 4. Ample
stock.

Su-e-eus'SION (-kush'un). n. [Lat. succussio ; sub, under, below, and quatere, to shake.] A shaking; a shake.
SUCH, a. {0. Eng. swicke, swilk, A.-S.
swelic, swilc, Goth, svaleiks, fr. sva,
so, and Idles, like.] 1. Of that kind

SUG-GEST'

Like, or containing, sugar

SOl'phate

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT: ERE, VEIL,

(45), n.

TERM

salt

formed by

PIQUE, FIRM; s6N,

];

SULPHUR
A

combustible
mineral of a yellow color brimstone.
Sul'phu-rate, a. Belonging to, or
resembling, sulphur.
[Lat.]

n.

SDl'phu-ra'tion,

n.

The subjecting

a thing: to the action of sulphur.

SUL-PHU'RE-OIJS, a.
Consisting of,
or having the qualities of, sulphur.
GOl'PHU-RET, n. A combination of
sulphur with another element.

Sul/phu-ret'ed,

a.

Containing, or

combined with, sulphur.

Pertaining
Sul-puu'rig, a.

SUPERFICIALLY

421

sulphuric acid in combination with

any base.
Sul'phur,

SUMP'TER,

[N. Fr. sommier, a

beast of burden, Lat. sagmarius, a
n.

pack-horse; sagma, a pack-saddle.

An animal that carries packs or bur-

v.

i.

To

eat the evening meal.

A small mouthful, as of liquor

a sip
[Lat. superabilis,
super, above, over.]
Capable of

Su'PER-a-ble,
fr.

a.

being overcome.

deus.

SUMPT'U-A-RY, a. [Lat.
fr. surnere, sumptum, to

sumptuarius, Su'per-a-bound',
take, spend.]

Regulating expense or expenditure.

SiJMPT'u-ous (84), a. Involving large
expense.
Syn.
Costly; splendid; magnificent.

S&mpt'U-ous-ly, adv.
uous manner.

In a sumpt[expensiveness.

v.

To be very

i.

abundant.

[enough.

Su'per-a-bun'dance, n. More than

Su'per-A-bun'dant, a. Abounding
[than

_to excess.

sufficient.

SU/PER-A-BUN'DANT-LY, adv. MorO

Su'per-add', V. t. [-ED -ING.] To
_add over and above.
Su'PER-AD-Dl'TION (-dish'un), n. 1.
;

Costliness
Sumpt'u-ous-ness, n.
Act of adding to something. 2. That
Sun, n. [A.-S. sunna, sunne, Skr.
which is added.
obtained from, sulphur.
suryr,fr. svar, heaven.] 1. The luSu/per-an-gel'ig,
a.
Superior in
Slil/PHUR-ous, a. Pertaining to, reminous orb, round which the earth
_nature or rank to the angels.
sembling, or containing, sulphur.
and planets revolve. 2. The sunSU'PER-AN'NU-ATE,
V. t. [-ED -ING.]
StJL'PHUR-Y, a. Partakiug of sulphur.
shine.
3. Whatever resembles the
[Lat. super, above, over, and annus,
SUX'TAN, n. [Ar. sultan, sulutan, fr.
[-ned -ning.] To
sun.
v. t.
a year.] To impair or disqualify by
salita, to be strong]. Emperor of the
warm_or dry in the light of the sun.
to, or

Turks.
t a sultan.
StJN'-BEAM, n. A ray of the sun.
Sul-ta'na, or Sul-ta'nA, n. Wife of SOlN'BURN, V. t.
[-BURNED, or
Sue'tan-ess, n. A sultana.
-BURNT -BURNING.] To burn or
SlJL'TRl-NESS, n. Heat with a moist
tan by the sun.
or close air.
Sun'day, ii. [Anciently dedicated to
SEjl'try, a. [-ER -est, 142.] [Corthe Sun.]
First day of the week.
Hot, close,
rupted from sweltry.]
Syx. See Sabbath.
stagnant, and oppressive.
[Lat. sum ma, from summits, SUN'DAY-SHOOL, ii.
Su"M,\ n.
A school for
highest.]
1. Aggregate of two or
religious instruction on Sunday.
more numbers, quantities, or par- SUN'DER, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S.
;

quantity of money or
substance
3. Amount
currency.
compendium. 4. Height completion.
5. A problem to be solved in arith[-MED; -MING.] 1.
metic.
V. t.
To cast up, as a column of figures.
2. To bring into a small compass.
[Ar.
{colloq. shn/mak), n.
Sy'MA
summak ; samaka, to be
Sy'MAGH
"high or tall.] A shrub of many species.
SUM'MA-RI-LY,atfi\ 1. Briefly concisely.
2. -Without delay.
ticulars.

2.

sunderian,

rate, apart.]

any manner

sundor, sunder, sepaTo disunite in almost

to part
to sever.
n.

separation into parts.

per, above, over.] 1. Grand magnificent

stately.
2. Rich elegant.
;

Showy pompous.
[ner.
Su-PERB'LY, adv. In a superb manSu'PER-GAR'GO, n.
A person in a
3.

merchanl ship, whose business is to

superintend the commercial concerns
of the voyage.
Su'per-cil'i-ous,
iosus,
pride.]

Sun'down,
Sun'dries,

Sunset.
n.
n. pi.
Many different or

small thing's.

SUN'DRY,
dor,

a.

sunder,

1.

manner.

percilious

Su'PER-ci'l'i-ous-ness, n. An overbearing manner haughtiness.

Su'per-dom'I-nant,h. (Mus.) Sixth
tone of the scale that which is next
_above the dominant.
;

[A.-S. sundrig, fr. sunseparate.]

Several;

more than one or two.

1. Summed up
reSU3f'MA-RY, a.
duced into a narrow compass. 2. Sun'feow-er, n. A plant having a
n. An abridged
large flower, with yellow rays, which
Quickly performed.
turns toward the sun.
account an abstract.
SUM-MA'TlON, n. 1. Act of summing. Sung, imp. & p. p. of Sing.
Sunk, imp. & p. p. of Sink.
2. An aggregate.
Lying at the
SfJM'MER, n. 1. [A.-S. sumor, sumer.] Sunken (sunken), a.
2.
bottobi of water sunk.
Warmest period of the year.
Destitute of sunlight.
[Fr. sommier, a rafter.] A large stone Sun'eess, a.
ar beam placed horizontally on col- SOn'light (-lit), n. Light of the sun.
[-er -est. 142.] 1. Rev. i. Sun'ny, a.
umns, piers, or posts, &c.
lating to, proceeding from, or like,
[-ED -ING.] To pass the summer.
A fallow
the sun.
2. Exposed to the sun s
Sum'mer-fXl'low, n.
jays1
made during the warm months.
First appearance,
jft.
Sum'mer-house, n. A house in a SfiN'RlsE,
SiJN'RIs-ING, }
or time of appeargarden, to be used in summer.
ance, of the sun above the horizon in
S&M'MER-SET.n. See SOME R.SET.
the morning.
Sum'mit, n. [Lat. summits, highest.]
Sun'set,
) n.
Descent of the
The top the highest point.
sun below the hoSOm'mon, v t. [ED; -IJNG.] [Lat. Sun'set-ting,
rizon
hence, evening
summonere, to give a hint, fr. sub, unLight of the sun, or
der, secretly, and monere, to warn.] SOn'shine, n.
the place where it shines.
1. To call, cite, or notify to appear.
1. Bright with the
2. To excite into action or exertion. SUN'SHIN-Y, a.
;

Su'per-em'i-nence,

sioned by excessive heat.

Sup, v. t. [-ped -ping.] [A.-S. snpan, to sip, drink. See SIP.] To take
into the mouth with the lips to sip.

wolf, TOO, TOOK; URN, rue, pull

JS, I,

O, silent

of

State

n.

being superemineut.

Su'per-em'i-nent,

Eminent

a.

in

_a superior degree.

SU'PER-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv.

In a

_superior degree of excellence.

SU'PER-ER'O-GATE,

V.

[-ED

1.

-ING.]
[Lat. supererogare, -gatum,
to spend or pay out over and above.]
_To do more than duty requires.
It.
A doing
_more than duty or necessity requires.

Su'PER-ER'O-GA'TION,

Su'per-e-rog'a-to-ry,

Per-

a.

formed to an extent not required by

duty or necessity.

SU/PER-EX'CEL-LENCE,.

Superioi

excellence.

Su/PER-EX'CEL-LENT,
in

Excellent

a.

an uncommon degree.

Su'per-fe-ta'tion, n. [Lat. super,

above, over, and fetare, to bring
forth.]
A second conception after a
prior one, and before the birth of

Syn. To convene; invite; bid.

sun's rays. 2. Bright like the sun.
the first.
SOm'mon-e r, n. One who summons. Sun'-str5ke, n. A sudden prostra- Su'per-fi'cial
tion of the physical powers, occaSuperficies.]
SDM'MONg, n. sing. ; pi. sum'MON-

OR, do,

[Lat. supercil-

a.

super cilium, an eyebrow,

Lofty with pride haugh-

fr.

Es.] 1. Command to appear at a

place named, or to attend to some
public duty. 2. A warning to appear in court at a day specified.

State of

n.

being superannuated decrepitude.

Su-PERB', a. [Lat. superbus, fr. su-

ty.
SOn'-DUAl, n. An instrument to
2.
Manifesting haughtiness
show the time of day by a shadow on
overbearing.
Su'per-cil'j-ous-ly, adv. In a sua plate, marked off for the hours.

fr.

_old age.

SU'PER-AN'NU-A/TION,

(-fish'al),

a.

[See

Lying on, or
2. Not

1.

pertaining to, the surface.

_profound shallow.
;

Su'per-fi'cial-ly

On

(-flsb/al-),

adv.

the surface only.

c, G, soft; , G, hard;

Ag

EXIST

as

NG

THIS.

SUPERFICIALNESS
Su'per-fY'cial-ness

(-fish'al-),

SUPPLICATE

422
n.

SC'per-nXt'u-ral,

[Lat.,

from super, above, over, and fades.

make, figure.] Surface exterior part
of a thing.
Su'per-fjne (110), a. Yery fine sur;

passing others in fineness.

mirac-

Su'per-struot'ure

ulous.

Syn.

ing upon something. 2. That which

is built upon some foundation.

Being beyond

a.

the powers or laws of nature

State of being superficial.

SfJ/PER-Fi'CIES (-flsh'ez), n.

Preternatural. Preternatural

and supernatural,
above or beyond nature. The dark day
which terrified all Europe nearly a century ago was preternatural ; the resurrection of the dead is supernatural.
signifies beside nature,

(53),

Any

n.

structure built on something

SU'PER-VENE',

else.

[-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. supervenire
to come over or
upon.] To come upon as something
extraneous to happen.
V.

i.

Cu'PER-FLU'I-TY, n.
1.
A greater Su/per-nat'u-RAL^Ism, n. 1. State Su'per-ven'ient, a. Coming upon
as something additional.
quantity than is wanted. 2. Some[vening.
of being supernatural
2. Doctrine
Su'per-ven'tion, it. Act of superthing beyond what is wanted.
of a supernatural agency in the mirSO'per-vis'al,
n.
Act
of
supervis
Syn.
Superabundance; excess; reacles and revelations of the Bible.
dundancy.
ing supervision.
SU'PER-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv.
In a
SU'PER-VISE', V. t.
[-ED; -ING.]
supernatural manner.
Su-pR'FLU-otJS, a. [Lat. superftmrs,
[Lat. super, over, and visere, to look
fr. superfluere, to overflow.]
More SO'per-nu'mer-a-ry, a. Exceeding
at attentively, survey.] To oversee
the number stated, prescribed, necthan is wanted or sufficient.
;

Syit

Unnecessary

In a su-

human

a.

thing beyond what

person or
necessary or

is

usual.

Su per-po-si'tion

(-zish'un), n.
1.
being placed above. 2. That which
situated above something else.
Su'PER-ROY'AL, a.
Denoting the
largest regular size of printing paper.
Su'PER-SALT, n. A salt with a greater
number of equivalents of acid than
of the base.
/

State of

being superfluous.

Su'per-hu'man,

n.

essary, or usual.

exuberant.

Su-per'flu-oOs-ly, adv.
perfluous manner.
Su-per'flu-ous-ness, n.

Above what

A
i.-!

is

divine.

SO'PER-IM-POSE', V. t. [-ED -ING.]

To lay or impose on something else.
Su'PER-lN-CUM'BENT, a. Resting on
something else.
Su'per-sXt'U-rate, v. t.
[-ED;
SU'PER-IN-DUOE', v. t. [-ED; -ING.]
-ING.] To add to beyond saturation.
To bring in, or upon, as an addition. Su'per-scribe'. v.t. [-ED; -ING.]
StJ/PER-IN-DUG'TION,??,. Act of su[Lat. super scribere.]
To write on the
;

perinducing.

top, outside, or surface

to write the

SO'PER-IN-TEND', V. t. [-ED -ING.]

address of a person on the cover of.
To have or exercise the charge and Su'PER-seRiP'TiON, n.
1. Act of
oversight of.
superscribing. 2. That which is su;

Su'per-IN-tend'en^e, In.
Care
perscribed.
Su'per-in-tend'en-cv,
and over- SfJ'PER-SEDE',
J

sight for the purDO>e of direction.

SfJ'PER-IN-TEND'ENT.

One

(110), n.

who has

the oversight and charge of

something.

Su-PE'RI-OR

(89),

a.

[Lat. superior,

compar. of superus, being above,

fr.

super, above.] 1. More elevated in

place, rank, or character, &c.
surpassing others. 2. Beyond the power
or influence of.
n. 1. One older or
more elevated in rank. 2. One who
surpasses others in excellence, or
qualities of any kind.
3. Chief of a
monastery, convent, or abbey. 4. A
small letter or figure standing near
the top of the line, as, a or 1.
Su-pe'ri-or'i-ty (89), n.
State or
quality of being superior.
Su-per'la-tive (14), a. [Lat. super;

lativus,

fr.

super, over,

and

ferre,

latum, to bear.] 1. Most eminent;

supreme. 2. Expressing the highest
degree of a quality, as among objects that are compared.
n. 1. That
which is most eminent. 2. Highest
degree of comparison.
Su-pr'LA-TiVE-LY, adv. In a superlative manner,
[ing superlative.

[-ED;

-ING.]
[Lat. supersedere, to Bit above, omit.]
1. To displace
to replace.
2. To
set aside ;_to render unnecessary.
f.

t.

Sv'PER-SE'DE-As,

[Lat., suswrit to stay propend, set aside.]

ceedings under another writ.
Su'PER-sed'ure, n. Act of super-

for direction

of overseeing

(-stTsh'un), n. [Lat.

a standing still over

hence, amazement.] 1. Ex-

superstitio, orig.

a thing

Syn.
springs

Fanaticism.
Superstition
the imagination in a
fanaticism from this same

from

Su'per-stT'tioDs

(-stlsh'us), a.

1.

Pertaining to superstition. 2. Full

of idle fancies and scruples in regard
to religion.

substantival modification

of the

infinitive mood, in Latin.

a.
1. Lying on

Su-PiNE',

the back.
2.
Inclining with exposure to the
sun. 3. Negligent
heedless.
Su-pine'ly, adv. In a supine manner carelessly.
[ing supine.
;

Sij -pine 'ness (109),

State of be-

7?.

n.
[See Soup and Sup.] A
meal taken at the close of the day.

Sup'per.

Sup'per-less, a. Wanting supper.

SUP-PLANT'. V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
;

supplantare, to trip
to

up
To

one's heels,
displace by
or to remove and take

throw down.]

stratagem

1.

the place of. 2. To undermine.

SlJP'PLAN-TA'TION, n.
Act of supplanting,

[plants.

Sup-plXnt'er, n.
SUP'ple, a. [Lat.

One who supsupplfx. bending

the knees.] 1. Easily bent. 2. Compliant
not obstinate. 3. Pending
to the humor of others.
v. t. or i.
[-ed; -ing.] To make or become

soft

and

pliant.

SDp'PLE-MENT,

[Lat. supplemenn.
tum.] Something added to a book
or paper to supply deficiencies or
correct errors.
v. t. [-ED; -ing.]
To supply by additions.

state;

faculty in a state of high-wrought and

self-confident excitement. The former
leads to weak fears or excessive scrupulosity as to outward observances; the
latter to an utter disresard of reason under the false assumption of enjoying a
direct guidance from on high.

cessive exactness or rigor in religious

opinions or practice. 2. Worship of
false gods.
3. Belief in omens and
prognostics.

gloomy

to,

or having, supervision.

Su'pi-na'tion, n.
[See Supine.]
Lying with the face upward.
SO'PINE, n.
[Lat. supinus, thrown
backward
though furnished with
substantive case-endings, it throws
itself back, as it were, on the verb.]

Su'per-stI'tion

Act

superintendence.

Su/PER-vis'OR, n. An overseer.
Su'per-vis'o-ry, a.
Pertaining

ii.

seding.

to superintend.
(-vizh'un), n.

Su'per-vIs/ion

SiJP'PLE-MENT'AL, ) a. Added to
SUP'PLE-MENT'A-RY, J supply what
is wanted
additional.
[supple.
Sup'ple-ness, n.
Quality of being
SDp'ple-to-ry, a. Supplying defi;

ciencies.

StJP'PLl-ANT.

a.

[Fr. suppliant, p.

1. AskSu-per'la-tive-ness, n. State of be- SU-PER-STI'TIOUS-LY

(-stjsh'us-).
pr. of supplier, to entreat.]
Su'per-lu'nar.
a.
Being above
ing earnestly and submissively. 2.
adv. In a superstitious manner.
Su'per-lu'na-ry,
n. A humManifesting entreaty.
the moon.
Sil'PER-STl'TIO&S-NESS (-stl'tious-),
Su-PER'NAL, a. [Lat. supernus, from
ble petitioner.
n. Superstition.
super, above.]
1. Being in a higher SU'PER-STRA'TUM, n. ; pi. SU'PER- SDp'pli-ant-ly, adv.
In a suppli[cates.
place or region. 2. Relating to things
ant manner.
STRA'TA. A stratum or layer above
_above celestial.
Sup'pli-cant, n. One who supplianother.
Su'PER-na'tant, a. [Lat. superna- Su'PER-STRUO'TlON, n. [Lat. super- SUP'PLI-CATE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
tans, swimming above.] Swimming
[Lat. supplicate, -ratum, fr. supplex,
struere, -structum ; super, over, and
or floating on the surface.
struere, to build.]
kneeling down.] 1. To seek by ear1. Act of build
)

I,

6,u, Y,long; &,,f,o,tt, y, short- ;are, far, ask, all,

what; ere,

veil, trm; pique, firm; son.


SUPPLICATION
nest petition.
v. i.
prayer.

2.

To

a petition.

One who

supplies.
t. [-ed
-ing, 142.] [Lat.
suppltre fr. sub, under, and plere, to
1.

fill.]

n.

To furnish with what

2. To serve instead of.

is

wanted.
3.
n. Sufficiency
to bring or furnish.
of things for use or want.
Sup-port', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
supporlare ; sub, under, and portare,
to carry.] 1. To keep from falling.
2. To endure 3. To keep from faint4. To furnish with the means
ing.
of livelihood. 5. To carry on
to
enable to continue. 6. To uphold
by aid or countenance. *

Syn. To

maintain; nurture; shield;

protect; forward.

n.

&c.
Capable of be-

failing, sinking,

Sup-port'a-ble,

a.

ing supported.

Sup-port'er,

One who, or that

n.

which, supports.

Sup ^os'a-ble,

or Lat. supportere, -position, fr. sub,

1. To
under, and ponere, to put.]
assume to be true. 2. To require to
exist or be true.
Syx.
To imagine conjecture; assume.

v. i.
To think to believe.
SUP'PO-si'TlON (-zish'un),^. 1. Act
of supposing. 2. That which is sup;

Sup-pos/i-ti'tious

(-tTsh'us),

Put by

[Lat. supposititius.]

a.
trick in

the place of another; spurious.

SUP-POS/l-Tl'TIOUS-LY

(-tish'us-ly"),

trickish substitution.

Sup-Pos'l-TiVE,

Implying suppo-

a.

Sup-press',

v.

[-ed

t.

-ing.] [Lat.

supprimere, -pressum, fr. sub, under,

1. To overa.xid premere, to press.]
2.
To restrain
power and crush.
from utterance or vent. 3. To retain without disclosure.
SUP-PRES'siON(-presh / un),?. 1- Act
of suppressing, or state of being supobstruc2. Concealment
pressed.
;

tion.

Tending to supa.
subduing concealing.
Sup-press'or, n. [Lat.] One who

Sup-PRESS'1've

suppresses.

gtJP'PU-RATE,

surgical operations are performed, or

medicines prepared.
[or surgery.
a.
Relating to surgeoni
StJR'GY, a. Rising in billows.
Su-PREME'LY, adv. In the highest Sur'li-ly, adv. In a surly manner.
Su'RAL,a. [Lat. sura, calf of the leg.] Sur'LI-ness, n. State of being surly.
[Fr. surlonge ; sur,
Pertaining to the calf of the leg.
SUR'LOIN, n.
Sur'base, n.
cornice on the top of
upon, and longe, loin.] Upper part
the base of a pedestal, &c.
of the loin of beef.
See Sirloin.
SUR-CHARGE' V V. t. [-ED -ING.] Sur'ly, a. [-ER -est, 142.] [From
sour.]
Gloomily morose
[Fr. surcharger.
See CHARGE ] To
1.
crabAn
2. Rough
tempestuous.
overload; to overburden.
n.
bed
excessive load or burden,
[charges. SUR-MI.SE',rc. [0. Fr. surmise, accusaSur-char'ger, n.
tion.]" The thought that something
One who surSUR'CIN-GLE (-sing-gl), n.
[Prefix
may be, on feeble or scanty evic. ;nce.
sur and cingle.]
v.t. [-ED -ING.] To imagine withA girth, which
passes over a saddle, or over any
out certain knowledge to suppose.
thing laid on a horse's back.
SUR-MOUNT', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Fr.
surmonter ; fr. sur, over, and monter,
SUR'cdAT, n. [Prefix sur and coat.]
A short coat worn over the other
1. To rise higher than.
to mount.]
garments.
2. To overcome.
3. To surpass.
Surd, a. [Lat. surdus, lit. deaf.] 1. Sur-mount'a-ble, a. Capable of
Not capable of being expressed in
being surmounted.
[mounts.
rational numbers.
2. Uttered with Stjr-mount'er, ii.
One who surA SUR'NAME, n. [Prefix sur and name.]
simple breath not sonant.
n.
quantity which cannot be expressed
1. A name added to the baptismal of
by rational numbers.
Christian name a family name. 2
Sure (shjjr), a. [-eu; -est.] [Fr.
An appellation added to the original
"s<lr.
1. Certainly
See Secure.]
knowing.
[-ED -ING.] To
2. Certain to find or re- SUR-NAME', V. t.
tain. 3. Certain not to fail.
call by an appellation added to the
original name.
Srx. Certain
unfailing
firm
secure confident positive.
stable
Sur-pass', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Fr

SUR'GIC-AL,

adv

TTi thou-t doubt.

Sure'-foot'ed (shur'-), a.
to stumble.

SURE'LY

(shijr/-),

undoubtedly

adv.

[sure.

State of being

1. Certainty;
of confidence.
Security against loss or damage.

bondsman; a bail.
Sure'ty-ship (shijr/-), n.
4.

being surety.

i.

[-ED;

-ING.]

sub, under,

and pus, puris, matter.]

To gener-

[ing pus.

ate pus.

SOp'pu-ra'tion,h. Process of form^Op'pu-ra-tive, a. Promoting sup-

Superficies, and Face.] 1. Exany thing that has

superficies
and breadth
outside. 2. Outward appearance.
SUR'FEIT, n. [0. Fr. surfait, excess,
terior part of

arrogance, crime, fr. surfaire, to augment, exaggerate, from sur, over, and
faire, to make, do, Lat. facere.] 1.
Fullness and oppression, occasioned
by excessive eating and drinking. 2.
Disgust caused by excess satiety.
v. t.
[-ed -ING.] To overfeed, and
produce sickness or uneasiness.

n. A medicine that propuration.

motes suppuration.

Sur'feit-ER,

n.

One who

surfeits.

n.
[Lat. surgere, to rise.]
A
v."i.
[-ED;-ING.] 1.
large wave.
To swell; to rise high and roll, as
waves. 2. To slip back, as a cable.
SUR'GEON (sQVjun ), n. [Contr. from

Surge,

wolf, TOO, TOOK; URN,RyE,PULL;

pass.]

[eminent degree.

surpassed.

Sur-pass'ing, p. a. Excellent in an
SUR'PLICE, n. [Fr. surplis, L. Lat.
superpellicium, from super, over, and
pelliciion, a robe of fur.]
ecclesiastical garment.

A white

SUR'PLUS, n. [Fr. surplus, from sur,

State of
over, and plus, more.] Excess beyond what is prescribed or wanted.

n. [Cf. 0. Fr. surflot, the rising

of billow upon billow.] Swell of the
sea which breaks upon the shore.
[Fr. surface.
SUR'FACE, n.
See

length

; sur, over, and jmsser, to

To go beyond in any thing.
Sur-pass'a-ble, a. Capable of being

surpasser

Not apt

Certainly

steadily.

Sure'ness (shur -), n.

SuRE'YY (shur'-), n.
2. Ground
security.
3.

V.

[Lat. supvurare -ration

OR, do,

superl. of superus, being above.]

1.
Highest in government or power. 2.
Highest, greatest, or most excellent.
3. Utmost.
[degree.

SURF

sition."

press

operation.

SUPERNATURALISM.
SUR'GEON-CY,n. Office of a surgeon.
Su-PREM'A-CY, n. State of being su- Sur'ger-y, n. [Contr. from 0. Eng.
surgeonry.} 1. Art of healing by
preme higher authority.
manual operation. 2. A place where
Su-PREME' (92), a. [Lat. supremus,

posed; hypothesis.

By

as

Sup-pos'al, n. Supposition.
Sup-pose', v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Lat.
sub, under, and pansare, to pause

adv.

Same

n.

Capable of being

a.

supposed.

Su'pra-nat'u-ral-ism,

Act of upholding or sustaining.

2. That which upholds.
3.
That which preserves from being
1.

overcome,

chirurgeon.] One who undertakes to

cure injuries of the body by manual

Being above

a.

the world.

Act of suppli-

cating humble petition or prayer;

earnest request.
SDp'PLl-A-TO-RY,a. Containing supplication
submissive.

Sup-pli'er,
SUP-PLY', v.

SURREJOIN

423

To address in Su'pra-mun'dane,
offer

SOp/PLl-CA'TiON, n.

SUR'plus-age,

1. Surplus; exn.
2.
Matter in pleading not
necessary or relevant to the case.
Sur-pris'al, n. Act of surprising, or
state of being surprised.
SUR-PRISE', V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr.

cess.

surprendre. p. p. surpris, fr. Lat. super, over, and prend'ere ,prehendere, to

1. To come on unexpectedly.
To strike with astonishment. 3.
To confuse.
n. 1. Act of surprising

take.]
2.

or state of being surprised. 2. A

moderate degree of sudden wonder.
Sur-pris'ing./>. a. Exciting surprise
wonderful astonishing.
SuR-PRig'lNG-LY, adv.
In a surprising manner or degree.
SUR'RE-BUT', v. i. [Prefix sur and
rebut.]
To reply, as a plaintiff to a
defendant's rebutter.
;

SUR'RE-BUT'"TER,

n.

The

plaintiff's

reply to a defendant's rebutter.

v. ?.
[Prefix sur and

SUR'RE-JOIN',

E,I, O, silent; C,G,so/2; ,G,hard; Ag; EXIST; N as

NG THIS
;

SURREJOINDER
]

SWAMPY

424

To

reply, as a plaintiff to a
defendant's rejoinder.
SBr/re-join'der, n. Answer of a
plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.
rejoin

SUR-REN'DER,

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE,

[Lat. suscipere,

a.

to take up, undertake, admit.]

1.

Capable of admitting any thing additional, or any change.

2. Capable
of impression
tender. 3. Having

V. I. [-ED ; -ING.] [0.

nice sensibility.
Fr. surrender ; sur, over, and rendre,
[Lat. suscipiens,
to render.] 1. To give up possession of SUS-CIP'I-ENT, a.
taking up, admitting.] Receiving
on compulsion or demand. 2. To yield
admitting.
n.
One who admits.
to any influence, passion, or power.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
v. i. To give up one's self into the Sus-PET', v. t.
suspicere, -spectum; sub, under, and
Act of surpower of another.
n.
specere, to look.]
rendering or yielding to another.
1, To imagine to
exist, or to be guilty, often upon weak
Sur-ren'der-or (127), n. One who
evidence or no evidence at all. 2. To
makes a surrender.
hold to be uncertain.
To
SUR'REP-TP" Tious (-tisb/us), a. [Lat.
v. i.
imagine guilt.
[suspected.
Done by stealth or
surreplitius .]
Sus-peT'ed-ness, n. State of being
fraud.
(-tish'us-), SUS-PEGT'ER, n.
Sur'rep-ti'tious-ly
One who suspects.
SUS-PEND', V. t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat. SUSadv. By stealth fraudulently.
[Lat. surrogare,
pendere, -pensum, from sus or subs,
SUR'RO-GATl!, n.
-gatus, to substitute, fr. sub, under,
for sub, under, and pendere, to hang.]
1.
To attach to something above.
and rngare, to ask, propose.] 1. A
;

deputy, esp. the

siastical judge.

deputy of an

An

2.

officer

eccle-

who

presides over the probate of wills.

SUR-ROUND',r. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Pre1. To inclose on

fix sur and round.]
all sides. 2. To lie or be on all sides of.
Syn. To encompass environ invest.
;

Sur-sol'id,
a number.

n. (Math.) Fifth

[Fr. surtout
(-toot'), n.
sur, ov<>r, and tout, all.] An overcoat,
esp. when long and fitting closely.
(sur-val'yongss'),
n. [b'r.] Watch; inspection.

SUR veillance
SUR-VEY'

[-ED; -ING.]
(115), V. t.
[0. Fr. surveoir, from sur, over, and
1. To inve'oir, Lat. videre, to see.]
2. To
spect, as from a high place.
view with a scrutinizing eye. 3. To
examine with reference to condition,
situation, and value. 4. To measure,
as a tract of land or a coast, &c.
SUR'VEY, n. 1. A general view. 2.
particular view esp. an official ex;

amination. 3. Act of measuring any

part of the earth's surface also, a delineation of any portion of country.
That branch of
SUR-VEY'ING, n.
mathematics which teaches the art
;

of measuring and delineating land.

n.
1. An overseer, inspector, or examiner. 2. One who
measures land. 3. ( Customs.) (a.) An
officer who ascertains the contents of
casks: a gauger. (b.) (U. S.) An officer who ascertains the weight and
quantity of goods subject to duty.
Sur-vey'OR-shIp, n. Office of a sur[another.
veyor,
Sur-viv'al, n.
living longer than
Sur- vive', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Fr.
survivre. from sur, above, beyond,
and (vivre, to live.] To live beyond,

SUR-VEY'OR,

To remain

or longer than.

v.

alive.

[outlives another.

i.

Sur-viv'or, n. One who survives or

Sur-viv'or-ship, n.
1.
State of
being a survivor. 2. Right of one
who has a joint interest in an estate,
to take the whole estate
death of the other.

Sus-cep'ti-bil'i-ty,

a.

of receiving impressions.
A, E,

1,

to depend.

3.

To cause

upon the
Capability

an army, and

follows

sells

to the troops provisions, liquors,

cigars, &c.
Sut-tee', n. [Skr. sati, f. of sat,
real, true, good.]
1.
widow who
burns herself on the funeral pile of

her husband.

The burning

2.

it-

[India.]

self.

Sut-tee'ism,

Practice

n.

of

self-

in

Hin-

immolation among widows

dostan.

Sut'ur-AL,,
seam.

Sut'ure,

a.

Relating to a suture or

sewing

from
Act of
which

sutura,

[Lat.

n.

sutum, to sew.]

suere,

1.

also, the line along

two things are sewed together a

2. Seam or joint of the bones
;

seam.

of the skull.

Su'ze-rai\,

n.
[Fr. suzerain, from
sus. above, over. See Sovereign.]
superior lord, to
fealty is

whom

due.

to cease for a time. 4 To hold in a

state undetermined.
5. To debar

Swab,

from any

cloth fastened to a handle for cleansing the mouth.v. t. [-BED; -B1NG.]

To clean with a swab.
Swab'ber, n. One who uses a swab.
Swad'dle (swod'dl), n. [A.-S. swsedhil, swedkel, a bundle, fr. swedhian,
to bind.] Clothes bound tight round
thebody.
[-ed; -ing.] To
v. t.
bind, as with a bandage; to swathe.
SWAD'DLING-BAND,
n.
A cloth

Syn.

v.

privilege.

To hang;

To cease from operation or

i.

activity

delay; intermit.

especially, to stop payment.

n.
1.
One who sus-

power of Sus-PEND'ER,

SUR-TOUT'

To make

2.

One who

pends. 2. pi. Straps for holding up

pantaloons braces.
Sus-pense', n. 1. A state of uncertainty.
2. Cessation for a time.
Sus-pen'sion, n. 1. Act of suspending, or state of being suspended
esp. temporary delay or cessation.
2. A conditional withholding, interruption, or delay.
[Suspending.
;

Sus-pen'so-ry, a. 1. Suspended. 2.
Sus-PI'CION (-pish'un), n. [Lat. suspicio.] Act of suspecting.
Syn. Jealousy; mistrust; doubt.
Sus-PI'cious(-pIsh / us),o. 1. Inclined

to suspect.
2.
Indicating suspicion.
3. Liable to suspicion.

Syn. See Jealous.

Sus-Pi'cioirs-LY (-pTsh'us), adv.

In

a suspicious manner.

righ.

Sus-TAIN', v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.

sustinere, from sus or subs, for sub,
under, and tenere, to hold.] 1. To
keep from falling; to bear. 2. To
maintain to keep alive. 3. To aid,
;

vindicate, comfort, or relieve. 4. To

endure. 5. To suffer to undergo.
Sus-tain'a-ble, a. Capable of being sustained.
Sus-tain'er, n. One who sustains.
Sfis'TE-NANCE, n.
Fr. suste[0.
nance. See Sustain.] 1. Act of
sustaining. 2. That which supports
foodj provisions.
life
Sus'ten-ta'tion, n. [Lat. sustentatio. See Sustain.] Support sustenance.
SUT'LER, n.
[0. D. soeteler, from
soetelen, to undertake low offices.]

5, U, Y, long; A, , I, 6, U, Y, short;

Swad'dling-gloth,

wrapped
j
round an infant.
Swag, v. i. [-ged -ging.] [Allied
to siving.]
To sink down by its
;

weight

Swage,

to lean.
n. A tool for

work.
a swage.

v.

SWAG'GER,
A.-S.

shaping metal

To shape by means of

t.

V. t. [-ED
-ING.] [Cf.
swegan, to make a noise, sweTo boast or brag
;

gian, to prevail.]

noisily; to bluster.
ness of manner.

SwXg'ger-er,

n.

Boastful-

n.

blusterer;

bully.

Sus-Pi'ciotJS-NESS
(-pisb/us),
n.
Quality of being suspicious.
Sijs'pi-ra'tion, n. Act of sighing.
Sus-PIRE', v. i. [Lat. suspirare, ft.
sub, under, and spirare, to breathe.]

To

1.

[From the root of sweep.]

mop. 2. A bit of sponge or

n.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

Swag'gy,
SWAIN, n.

a.

especially,
n.

Swale,

shadow.]

Hanging by

its

weight.

[A.-S. swan.] A rustic;

a country lover.
[Gael, sgail, a shade,
A tract of iow, and usu-

ally wet, land.

[Amer.]
To waste ; to sweal.
n.
[A.-S.

v.

t.

&

i.

Swal'low,

swalewe,
sivealwe.]
A small bird with a
forked tail.
v. t. [-ed -ING.] [A.S. swelgan, swilgan 0. Ger. schwalg,
the threat.] 1. To take into the stom-

ach.

To draw

2.

into

an abyss.

3.

To receive, as opinions, without examination. 4. To appropriate. 5. To

n. 1. The
exhaust. 6. To retract.
gullet or esophagus. 2. As much a,z
can be swallowed at once.
Swamp (swomp), n. [From the root of
v.
swim.] Land wet and spongy.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To plunge, or
t.
sink in a swamp, or as in a swamp
2.

To

overset, or sink, as a boat.

Swamp'y,

a.

Consisting

of,

or like, a

swamp.

ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM

s6ji,

SWAN
Swan,

SWEAT,

n. [A.-S. swat, allied to Skr.

svedas.]
1. Sensible moisture excreted from the skin. 2*. Moisture
v. i. or
issuing from any substance.

web-footlike the

n.

thick

fine,

[SWEAT

t.

of

wool mixed with

1.

Swan.

silk or cotton.

to strike. Of. to strike a bargain.]

To exchange; to barter.
n.
An
exchange barter.

Jf

showy, boastful person.

1.
Protuberance;
prominence. 2. A tumor.
5.

SWELL'lNG,

n.

SWELT'ER,
S.

V.

[-ED

i.

-ING.]

heat.

v.

[A.~

To be overTo oppress

sweltan, to perish.]

come with

Swan'-skin, n. A kind of fine flannel.

Swap, v. t. [-ped -ping.] [O.Eng.,

and decrease of the volume

crease

sound.
J

SWEATED SWEAT- Swell'-mob, n. Well-dressed thieves.

To

excrete, or cause to excrete, sensible moisture from the skin.

to drudge. 3. To emit
2. To toil
moisture, as green plants in a heap.
State of being
Sweat'1-ness, n.
[with sweat,
sweaty.
Sweat'y, a. [-ER -est, 142.] Moibt

ING.]

soft,

cloth

Swan's' - down,

SWINGLE

425

[A.-S.]

n.

A large
ed bird,

t.

with heat.

Swept, imp. & p. p. of Siveep.

Swrve, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [D.
zwerven. Cf. Swarm.] To wandei'

from any line prescribed, or from a

SWED'ISH, a. Pertaining to Sweden.
rule of duty
to deviate.
n. Language of the Swedes.
SWARD, n. [A.-S. sweard.] The Sweep, v. t. [swept sweeping.] Swift, a. [-er -est.] [A.-S. Cf.
Sweep.] 1. Moving with celerity.
grassy surface of land turf.
1.
To brush, or
v. t.
[A.-S. swapan.]
n. 1. A reel.
[-ED -ING.] To cover with sward.
2. Ready; prompt.
clean, with a broom. 2. To carry
SWARM, n. [A.-S. swearm, from the
along or off by a long stroke. 3. To
2. A small bird, like the swallow- 3.
root of Skr. swar, to sound.] 1. A
A species of lizard.
destroy or carry off many at a stroke.
.
With celerity.
large number of small animals or in4. To carry with a long swinging or Swift'ly, adv.
2. Any
sects, esp. when in motion.
dragging motion. 5. To draw or drag SwYft'ness, n. State or quality of
great number or multitude.
v. i.
being swift speed.
over. v. i. 1. To pass swiftly and
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To leave a hive in
[A.-S. sivilgan, to
violently. 2. To pass with pomp. 3. Swig,^. t. and i.
1.
swallow.] To drink by large draughts.
a body, as bees. 2. To throng togethTo move with a long reach.
n.
er. 3. To be crowded. 4. To be filled,
n. A large draught. [ Vulgar.]
Act of sweeping. 2. Compass of a
;

as with a crowd of objects. 5. [Allied

to worm.] To climb, as a tree, embracing it with the arms and legs.

Swart,
SWARTH,

[A.-S. sweart.]

a.

Being

of a dark hue tawny.

a.
State of being
;

Swarth'1-ness,
swarthy.

SWARTH'Y,

-EST, 142.]
[From swarth, or swart.] Eeing of
a dark hue or dusky complexion
black or tawny.
Swash, v. i. [Sw. swassa, to bully
Ger. schivatzm, to talk, prate.] 1.
To bluster. 2. [From wash, with
prefixed.] To dash or flow noisily as
n.
1. Impulse
of water
water.
flowing with violence. 2. A narrow
channel of water within a sand-bank,
or between that and the shore.
Swath (swawth), n. [A.-S. swadhu.]
a.

[-ER

.s

1. A band or fillet. 2. A line of grass

or grain cut down in mowing. 3. The
whole sweep of a scythe.
Swathe, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S.
swedliian, to bind.] To bind with a
swath or bandage.
n. A bandage.
SWAY,v.t. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. swegian, to prevail. Cf. SwAG.] 1. To
move or wield with the hand. 2. To
influence or direct. 3. To cause to
incline to one side.
v. i. 1. To bear
rule. 2. To have weight or influence.
3. To be drawn to one side by weight.
n. 1. Power exerted in governing.
2. Influence, weight, or authority
that inclines to one side. 3. Preponderation. 4. Swing of a weapon.
SWEAL, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
swelan, to burn slowly and without
a flame.] To melt and run down, as
the tallow of a candle.
;

Swear

(4), v. i.

[swore sworn
;

SWEARpG.]

[A.-S. swerian, allied

to swarian, to affirm.] 1. To affirm,
with an appeal to God for the truth
of what is affirmed. 2. To give evidence on oath. 3 To be profane.

t. 1. To administer an oath to.

To declare or charge upon oath.
Swear'er, n. One who swears.

v.

or- do,

wolf, too,

TO~OK.j

2.

[-ED -ING.] [A.f. t. or*.

S. swilgan, to swallow, swilian, to
wash.] To drink grossly or greedily.
7i. 1. Large draughts of liquor. 2.
Mixture of liquid substances, given

stroke or of any turning body. 3. Direction and extent of any motion not
rectilinear. 4. One who sweeps. 5. The
pole used to raise and lower a bucket.
Sweep'er, n. One who sweeps.
S
EPTNGS,n.f>/. Things collected

Sw'lLL,

WE

to swine.

Swill'er, n. One who swills.

by sweeping.
SwEEP'STAKES,n. sing, or pi. 1. The Swim, v. i. [swabi, swum swimwhole money or other things staked
ming.] [A.-S. swimrnan.] 1. To float.
or won at a horse-race. 2. One who
2. To move in water by the hands and
wiiw all.
[a great compass.
feet, or fins. 3. To be borne along by
Sweep' Y, a. Passing with speed over
a current. 4. To glide along. 5. To
;

Sweet,

Having a

1.

of sugar.

be dizzy. 6. To abound. v. t. l.-To

pass by swimming. 2. To cause to
swim or float.
. Act of swimming.
SwiM'MER, n. One who swims.
In an easy,
SwiM'MiNG-LY, adv.

[-ee; -est.]
[A.-S.
taste like that
Pleasing to any sense. 3.

a.

swSte.]

2.

salt. 4. Not changed from

n. 1.
a sound or wholesome state.
That which is sweet to the taste. 2.
That which is pleasing to any of the
senses or to the mind. 3. A darling.
Sweet'-bread, n. Pancreas of an
animal, used for food.
Sweet'-bri'er, n. A shrub of the

Fresh, not

manner, as
hence, successfully.

gliding

rose kind.

SWEET'.EN, f. t. [-ED -ING.] 1. To

make sweet to the taste. 2. To make
pleasing to the mind. 3. To make
delicate.
4. To restore to purity.
v. i. To become sweet.
Sweet'J5N-er, n. One who, or that
;

which, sweetens.

Sweet'heart,

n.
1.

[-ED

t.

swimming

mongy
pay,

[tress.

a sharper.

is

Swine,

V.

Sharper.
One who obtains
Syn.
or goods under false pretenses is
a swindler; one who cheats by sharp
practice, as in staking what he can not

Sweet'ing,

if

-ING.] [N. H.
Ger. schwindeln, to be giddy, to
cheat, from schwinden, to vanish,
dwindle.] To cheat grossly, or with
Act of dedeliberate artifice.
n.
frauding by systematic imposition.
Swin'dler, n. One who swindles.

Swi'N'DLE,

lover or missweet apple. 2.

A hog

&

n. sing.

pi.

a boar or sow

[A.-S. swbi.]
a pig.

Swine'-hrd, 7i. A keeper of swine.

Swing, v. i. [swung swinging.]
Sweet'ish, a. Somewhat sweet.
1. To move to and
[A.-S. swingan.]
Sweet'LY, adv. In a sweet manner.

darling.

Sweet'MEAT,

Fruit

n.

with sugar.

fro, as a body
2. To piactice

preserved
sweet.
J

Sweet'ness.

7i.

Quality of being
j

Swell, v. [swelled swelled

(SWOLLEN or swoLN,obsolescent);
i.

SWELLING.]

[A.-S. sivrtlan.] 1. To
grow larger, esp. by matter added
within. 2. To be driven into billows,

or float.

4.

suspended

to vibrate.

swinging. 3. To move
To be hanged.
v.t.

To cause to wave, or vibrate. 2.

To move to and fro to brandish.
1.

n.

1.

Act of swinging

vibratory

suspended, on
which any thing may swing. 3. Unrestrained liberty tendency.

motion.

2.

line

To be puffed up. 4. To be bombastSwinge, v. t. '[A -S. swingan, to

v. t. 1. To increase the size of.
swing, whip.] To beat soundly.
To aggravate. 3. To raise to arroSwTnge'ing, a. Huge. [ Vulgar.]
gance.
n.
1. Act of swelling.
2.
Gradual increase. 3. A fluctuation of SwiN'GLE, v. t. [From swing.] To
j

3-

ic.

2.

the sea after a storm

ukn, rue, pull

E,

I,

4.

o, silent

A gradual in-

'

clean, as flax,

c, G, soft; , g, hard;

by beating

EXIST

as

with a

it

NG

this.

SWINGLE-T&EE
A

SYNiERESIS

426

SYM-BOL'i, n. That branch of theology which treats of creeds.

Sym-b6l'1,
SwIn'gle-tree, n. A whiffle-tree.
a. Pertaining to, or
Swin'ish, a.
gross
Sym-bol'I-al.
Like swine
in the nature of,
Swipe, n. A sweep.
[ho-jgish.
ica, the plane tree, or button-wood
a symbol representative.
SwiP'LE (swip'l), n. Part of a flail
in England, a large mapie.
Sym-b6l'I-al-ly, adv. By signs.
Sy-cee', n. Silver in the form of Sym-bol'IS, n. sing. Same as SYMwhich strikes the grain.
small lumps, used as a currency.
BOLIC.
Swirl, n. [Icel. swirra, to whirl.]
[China.]
An eddy a whirl.
[tery
servility. Sym'bol-Ism, n. 1. A system of symbols.
A native, or Syg'o-phan-cy, n. Obsequious flat2. The science of creeds.
JiHvIss, n. dhg. & pi.
a. Per- SyCO-PHANT, n. [Gr. crv/co(/>aim)s, fr. Sym'bol-i-za'tion, n. Act of symthe people, of Switzerland.
(tvkov, a fig, and <\>aiveiv, to show.]
bolizing^
taining to Switzerland.
1.
Originally, au informer,
who Sym'bol-ize, V. i. [-EDJ-ING.] To
Switch, n. [From swing, swinge.]
2. A movsought favor by denouncing those
1. A small, flexible twig.
have a resemblance of qualities or
who exported figs contrary to law.
properties.
v.t. 1. To make repable part of a railway track, for
2. A base parasite a mean flatterer,
resentative of something. 2. To reptransferring a car to another track.
especially of great men.
resent by a symbol.
[-ED; -iing.] 1. To strike
v. t.
a.
Obsequi- Sym-bol'o-gy, n.
[Gr. o~vp.$o\ov
with a small twig or rod. 2. To turn SyG'O-phXnt'ic,
\
SY'0-phant'I-AL, \
ously flatsymbol, and Aoyos, discourse.] Art
from one railway track to another.
tering
of expressing by symbols.
parasitic.
Swi'TCM'MAN(150), n. One who tends
Sy'e-nite. n. A crystalline rock re- Sym-met'ric-al, a. Proportional or
a switch on a railway.
harmonious in its parts.
sembling granite
Swivel, n. [A.-S.
named from
Sym-mt'ri-al-ly, adv. In a symSyene, in upper Egypt.
swifan, to move
Syl-LAB'IC, a. Pertaining to, or conmetrical manner.
quickly, revolve.
1. Swivel and Chain.
sisting of, a syllable or syllables.
SYM'ME-TRJZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.]
Cf. SWIFT.]
To reduce to symmetry.
A turning ring, link, or staple. ?. A Syl-lab'I-al-LY, adv. In a syllabic manner.
SYM'ME-TRY, n. [Gr. o-vp.p.eTpCa, fr.
small cannon turning on a pivot.
<rvv, with, together, and p-erpov,
To turn on a staple, or pivot. Syl-lab'i-cate, v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
v. i.
measure.] A due proportion of the
Swob, n. & v. Same as Swab.
To form into syllables.
Syl-lab'I-ca'tion, n. Division of
several parts of a body to each other.
SYM'PA-THET're,
1. Inclined
words into syllables.
\ a.
Swoon, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S. SYL-LAB'I-FY,r. t. (-ED -ING, 142.] Sym'pa-thet'ic-al, J to,orexhibiting, sympathy. 2. Produced by symswunan, to fail in intellect, allied to
To divide into syllables.
swanian, to faint.] To sink into a SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. o-vkka$rh from
pathy.
fainting fit.
n. A fainting fit.
o~vWap.fS6.veiv, to take together.] 1. Sym'pa-thet'fg-al-ly, adv. With
swingle.
n.
sort of large knife
for cleaning flax.
:

[Gr. o-v/co^opos, the fig-mulberry, fr.

(tvkov, a fig. and fiopov, the black
mulberry; Heb. sik i mail.] A large
Eastern tree allied to the fig; in Amer-

SwobP,

An

or by sympathy.
elementary sound, or a combination of elementary sounds, uttered SYM'PA-THlZE,r. ?. [-ED; ING.] To
have a common feeling.
by a single effort of the voice. 2.
scend with closed wings from a height
Part of a written or printed word Si'M'PA-THY, n. [Gr. o-vp-TtaQeia, fr.
1.
n. A pouncing, as of
upon prey.
separated from the rest. [See Prin.
crvv, with, and tt<0o?, suffering.]
Feeling corresponding to that which
of Pron. 129.]
[and milk.
a rapacious fowl on his prey.
Syl'la-bub, n. A drink made of wine
another feels. 2. An agreement of
Swop, v. t. Same as Swap.
3. Recipaffections or inclinations.
Sword (sord), n. [A.-S. sweord, Svl'la-bus, n.; Eng. pi. SYL'LArocal influence of the parts of the
sword.]
A weapon for cutting or
BUS-es.; Lal.pl. syl'la-bi. [Lat.,
body on one another.
thrusting.
fr. the same source as syllable.]
A
Sword'-belt (sord'-), n. A belt to
compendium containing the heads
Sin. Commiseration. Sympathy is
literally q fellow-fei ling with others in
[a sword.
suspend a sword by.
of a discourse.
their viried conditions of joy or of grief.
Sword'ed (sord'ed), a. Girded with SYL'LO-G'ISM, n. [Gr. oTiAAoyia>xd?,
This term, iiov/ever, is now more comSword' - fish
a reasoning, from <rvAAoyieo-0ai, to
monly appMed to a fellow-feeling with
reckon all together, to infer.] The
(sord'-), n. A
others under affliction, and then coincides very nearly with commiserationlarge fish havlogical form of every argument, conSym-pho'ni-ous, a.
sisting of three propositions.
Agreeing in
ing the upper
Sword-fish.
sound harmonious.
Syl/lo-GIS'TIG, a. Pertaining to, or
jaw elongated
S\M'PHO-NY, . [Gr. trvH>a>via, from
consisting of, a syllogism.
into a sword -shaped process.
Sword'-knot (sord'not), n. A rib- Syl'lo-gis'tic-al-ly, adv. In the
o-vv, with, and <<ovij, a sound.] 1. A
consonance or harmony of sounds. 2.
form of a syllogism
by means of
bon tied to the hilt of a sword,
syllogisms.
An elaborate instrumental composiSwords'man (sordz'-, 150), n. One
tion for a full orchestra.
Syl'lo-gize, V. i. [-ED -ING.] To
skilled'in the use of the sword.
Sy:.i-po'si-ac, n. [See Symposium.]
Swore, imp. of Swear.
reason by syllogisms.
A conference, as of philosophers at a
Sworn, p. p. or p. a. of Swear.
Sylph, n. [Gr. criA^rj. a kind of prrub
banquet.
Swum, imp. & p. p. of Swim.
or moth.] A kind of fairy inhabiting
Swung, imp. & p. p. of Swing.
the air.
Syjt-po'si- um, n.:pl.s ym- po'^i-a
Sylph'id, n. A little or young sylph.
[L..t.
Gr. o~vp.7r6o~iov, fr. o~vv, with,
SYB'A-RITE, n. [From Sybaris,
and niveiv, to drink.] A drinking toSyl'van, n. [From Lat. sylva, a
Italy, noted for voluptuousness.]
gether a merry feast.
devoted
wood or forest.] A fabled deity of
person
a faun some- SYMP'TOM (84), ii. |Gr. o-vpurrcopia, fr.
and
the wood a satyr
to luxury
r.

(.

[-ed;

-ING.]

[Allied

To fall on with a sweepTo dev.

ing motion and seize.
to sweep.]

?'.

J3yb'a-rit'ig,

a.

ton.
n.

[Or.

o-VKap.ivo<; .]

The

mulberry-

tree.

SY'A-MORE,
A, E,

I,

n.

Luxurious wan-

Syg'a-mine,

times, a rustic.
a. 1. Forest-like
rustic. 2. Abounding in
also, rural
forests or in trees.
Sym'BOL, n. [Gr. o-vp.fioKov, & ovfi/3aAAeiv, to throw oi put together, to

pleasure.

Sycamore.

compare.] 1. Sign of something moral

or intellectual by the images or properties of natural things. 2. A siginficant letter or character.

0,U, Y,long; X,E,I, 6,U, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

to fall together.] 1. A
perceptible cha;ge which indicates
disease. 2. That which indicates the
existence of something else.
o-vfj-TriiTTeiv,

SYMP'TOM-AT're,

Pertaining to,
a.
or according to, symptoms.
Syn-jer'E-sis, n. TGr. crv.-'aipeo-is, a
taking or drawing together.] A figure
by which two vowels that are ordi-

WHAT; ERE,

VEIL, TERM, PIQUE FIRM

$

SON.

SYNAGOGICAL
narily separated are
into one syllable.

[synagogue.
Pertaining to a
SYN'A-GOGUE, n. [Gr. ovvayuyr), an
assembly, fr. o-vvayeiv, to bring together, from a-vv, with, and ayeiv, to
lead.] An assembly of Jews met for
worship, or their place of worship.
Syn'chro-nal (sink'ro-), a. Same as

Syn'a-GOG'ic-AL,

a.

Synchronous.
Syn'CHRO-NISM,
ju.6s.]

n.

TABLE-D'HOTE

427

drawn together

[Gr. <rvyxpovio-

An

1.

ecclesiastical council.

meeting or convention.
Syn-6d'I,
a.
Relating
Syn-6d'I-AL, j
transacted

2.

or
in, a

to,

synod.

By

Syn-6d'I-al-LY, adv.
thority of a synod.
SYiN'o-NYM, f n.

[See

the au-

Concurrence of two or more Syn-on'y-mize,

v.

[-ed; -ing.)

t.

To express in different words of the

same meaning.
to be simultaneous. Syn-ON'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. o-vvoiwfj.o'i ;
a.
Happening at
criiv, with, together, and bvon.a.,bvvfxa,
the same time simultaneous.
name.]
Conveying the same idea;
Syn'co-pate (stnk/o-), v. t. [-ed
pertaining to synonyms.
-Fng.] [See Syncope.] Tocontract,
Syn. Identical. If no words are
sj/nonymous except those which are idenas a word, by taking one or more
v.i.

[-ed; -ing.]

letters or syllables from the middle.

Syn/co-pa'tton, n. Contraction of
a word by taking a letter or letters
from the middle.
SYN'eo-FE, n. [Gr. a-vyKOTr-q, from

(TvyKowTeLv, to beat together.] 1. Re-

trenchment of one or more

from the middle of a word.

letters
2.

fainting.

SYN'CRE-TIgM,

. [Gr. oTryKpTjTio-fAOS,
from cmyKpTjTt^eii', to make two parties join against a third.] Attempted
union of principles or parties irreconcilably at variance with each other.
Syn'DIC, n.
[Gr. <twSiko? , helping
in a court of justice, an advocate.]

magistrate or agent
n.
A body of syndics,
or persons chosen to transact business for others an association of
persons authorized to negotiate some
business.
SYN-EC'DO-CHE. n. [Gr. crvveicSoxrj ;
<rvv, with, and e^Se^ec-flai. to receive.]
A trope by which the whole is put for
a part, 'or a part for the whole.
Syn'EC-doch'ic-al (-dok'-),a. Expressed by synecdoche.
Syn'od, n. [Gr. cnivoSos, a meeting.]

SYN'DIC-ATE,

tical in use

and meaning, so that the one

can in

all cases be substituted for the

other, we have scarcely ten such words
in our language. But the term more
properly denotes that the words i n question approach so near to each other,
that, in many or most cases, they can be

used interchangeably.

SYN-ON'Y-MOUS-LY, adv. In a synonymous manner.

[synonymous.
Syn-6n'y-my, n.
Quality of being
pi. syn-op'ses. [Gr.
avvoipis, avv, with, together, and
collection of parts so
oi/fis, view.]
arranged as to exhibit a general view

Syn-op'sis, n.;

eral view of the

whole.

SYN-TA-e'TIC,
the rules

Pertaining to,
or according to

la.

Syn-tac'tic-al,

a.

Pertaining to,
or consisting in,

synthesis.

[thesis.

shepherd in a Latin poem, published

in 1530; from Gr. crvs, swine, and
loving, a friend.]
An in</h'Aos,
fectious venereal disease.

Syph'I-lit'k;,

Pertaining to, or

a.

infected with, syphilis.

n.
The same as Siren.
Syr'i-ac, n. The ancient language of
Syria.
a.
Pertaining to Syria.
SY-RIN'GA, n. [Gr. crvpiyf crupiyyos,
a pipe, tube.] A genus of plants

Sy'ren,

also, the mock orange.

SYR'INGE, ii. [Gr. (rvpiyf, a pipe or
tube.] An instrument for injecting
[-ED
or expelling liquids.
v. t.
-ING.] To inject or cleanse by means

the

lilac

of a syringe.

Syr'up, n.
Sys'TEM, n.

See Sirup.

[Gr. (Tvcnrffia.
vat, to place together.] 1.

cruvio-ra.-

An

assem-

blage of objects arranged after some

distinct method. 2. The universe. 3.
Regular method or order. 4. The
body as a functional unity or whole.
Sys'tem-at'ic,
a.
Pertaining
I
to, or consistSys'tem-at'ic-AL,
ing in, system
methodical.
Sys'tem-at'ic-al-ly, adv.
In a
systematical manner.
Sys'tem-a-tize, v. t. [-ed; -ing. 3
To arrange methodically.

Sys'tem-A-tiz'er,

One who

n.

Syn'tax,m. [Gr. <ruvTa i? ; o~6v, vi\th.,

and rdcro-eif to put in order.] Due
,

arrangement of words in sentences,

according to established usage.
SYN'THE-s'IS, 11. ; pi. SYN'THE-SES.
[Gr. awflecris, fr. <rwri0eVai, to put
together.] 1. The putting of two or

sys-

tematizes.

avv

Sys'TO-LE,

syntax.

of,

Affording a gen-

a.

Syn-thet'ic,
Syn-thet'ic-AE,

of the whole.
Syx.
See Abridgment.

Syn-op'tic,
Syn-op'tic-al,

together. 2. Combination of separate elements of thought

into a whole.

Syn-THET'ic-al-LY, adv.
By synn.
[From Syphilus, r,

events in time.

Syn'chro-nize,
To agree in time
Syn'chro-no&s,

more things

Synony- Syph'i-lis,

mous] One of two or

in the same language
which are equivalents of each other.

Syn'o-nyme,
more words

;
:

n. [Gr. ctvo-toAtj, fr.

reAAeiv, to contract.] 1. The shorten2. The coning of a long syllable.
traction of the heart and arteries.
SYZ'Y-GY, 11. [Gr. <rvi,vyia, union.]
Point of an orbit, as of the moon, at

which
tion

it is

in conjunction or opposi-

commonly in the plural.

T,
the twentieth letter of the
English alphabet, is a simple consonant. See Prin. of Pron. 96
100.
[ladies' bonnets.
T\B, n.
A border of lace, worn in
TAb'ard, n. [W. tabar.] A sort of
tunic formerly worn over the armor.
Qab'ard-er, n.
One who wears a
tabard.
Tab'by, n. [Per. utabi, a rich, undulated silk.] 1. A waved silk, usually
watered. 2. A cat of a tabby color.
a. 1. Having a wavy appearance.
2. Brindled
diversified in color.
*. t.
[-ed -ING, 142.] To water,
or cause to look wavy by calendering.
Tab'ERNA-CLE, n. [Lat. tabernaculum, dim. of taberna, a hut, shed

T(te),

OR, DO,

A slightly built habitation a tent.

2. A portable structure for worship,
used by the Jews during the exodus.
sometimes,
3. The Jewish temple

1.

v. i.
[-E D
any place of worship.
-ING.] To dwell or reside for a time.
[Lat. tabidus.]
Tab'id, a.
Wasted
away by disease.

Tab'la-ture
a board,

(53), n.
tablet.]

[Lat. tabula,

painting on a

jvall and ceiling.

[Lat.
Ta'ble, ii.

Tableau (tab-lo'),
leaux' (tab-lozM.

condensed

ner,

WQLF, TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

in a single view
I,

O, silent

a synop-

and

manper-

[dum-book.
(27), n.

A memoran-

TABLE-D'HOTE
[Fr.,

by the eye

silent

still.

Ta'ble-book
mon

3.

See TA;

and remaining

fectly

state-

tab-

pi.

[Fr.

vivid representation esp.

the representation of some sceue by

ment which may be comprehended

rial

n.

BLE.]

persons grouped in the proper

tabula, a board,
tablet.]
1. A smooth, flat surface.
2.
slab, leaf, or flat superficies of
wood, stone, metal, or other mate-

a tablet.

:
an index. 4. An article of furniture used to eat, work, or write
v.t.
upon. 5. Fare sty le of living.
[-ed; -ing.] 1. To form into a table
to tabulate. 2. To postpone the consideration of, by a formal vote.

sis

(ta/hl-dof),
n.
landlord's table.]
comtable for guests at a French

lit.

hotel.

C, G, soft; e, G, liard;

AS$ exist

as

KG THIS
;

TABLE-LAND
Ta'blb-lXnd
Jand

flat

a plateau.

Ta'ble-spoon,

TALK

428

Elevated

(109), n.

ship.

v.

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

harness. 2. To seize to lay

TAck'ling, n. 1. Furniture of the
2. Carmasts and yards of a ship.
;

One of

n.

the lar-

ger spoons used at the table.

n.
[Dim. of table.] 1. A
small table or flat surface. 2. pi. A
kind of pocket memorandum-book.
3. A solid kind of medicinal confection a lozenge or troche.
.Ta'ble-tal,k. (-tawk), n. Conversation at table.

Tab'let,

To Taint'Ore
hold of. Take, v. t.

riage-harness.

TAT,

[Lat. tangere,

n.

taction,' to

touch.] Ready power of appreciating

and doing what is required by cir-

cumstances.

Ta'TI, a. Pertaining to tactics.

Tac-tT'cian (-t!sh / an), n. One versed
in tactics hence, an adroit manager.
Ja'bling, n. 1. A forming into ta[Gr. raKTi/ca, pi.,
bles.
2. The letting of one timber TA'TIS, n. sing.
fr. rda-a-eiv, rdrreLV, to put in order.]
into another by alternate scores or
Science and art of disposing military
projections.
and naval forces in order for battle,
Ta-boo', n
A political and religious
and performing evolutions.
prohibition among the inhabitants
:

of the islands of the Pacific hence,

a total prohibition of intercourse
with or approach to any thing.
v.
t.
[-ED; -ING, 144.]
To interdict
approach or use.
;

TA'BOR,
bUr, a

& Per. tumbur, tamA small drum.

[Ar.

n.

drum.]

n. [Cf. Tambourine.]
small, shallow drum
a tabor.
Tab'ou-REt, n.
[Fr.
from its resemblance to a drum. See Tabor.]
1. A cushioned seat without arms

Tab'o-rine,

or back.

An

2.

TAB'U-LAR,

embroidery frame.

[Lat. tabular is ; tabutable.] Having the form

of, or pertaining to, a table.
la.,

a.

a board,

Tab'u-late,

v.

t.

Lat. labulare.]
bles or synopses.
a flat surface.

Ta'A-ma-HA
North

1.

[-ed; -ING.] [L.

To reduce to ta2. To shape with

(110),

n.

tree of

n.
[Gr. to^us,
quick, and ypdfatv, to write.] Ste-

nography short-hand writing.

TAC'IT, a. [Lat. taritus, fr. tacere, to
Implied, but not exbe silent.)
;

[cation.

silent.

TXe'IT-LY, udc.
Silently
TAC'I-TURN, a. Habitually

by implinot

silent;

Silent

has reference

man
to the act: taciturn, to the habit.
may be silent from circnmstLinc.es; lie is
taciturn from disposition. The loquacious man is at times silent ; one who is
taciturn may now and then make an effort at conversation.
,

Tac'1-turn'i-ty,

n.

Habitual

si-

lence or reserve in speaking.

v. t.
[-ED -ING.]
[Allied to
take.] 1. To fasten or attach, esp. in a
slight or hasty manner, as by stitching or nailing.
2. To change the
course of, as a ship by shifting the
position of the sails and rudder. v. i.
To change the course of a ship, by
shifting the tacks and position of the
sails and rudder.
n. [D. tak.] 1. A
small, short, sharp-pointed nail. 2.
(a.) A rope to confine the foremost
lower corners of a sail, (b.) Part of
a sail to which the tack is fastened,
(c.) Course of a ship as to the position of her sails.

SiCK,

TXck'le
to take.]

(tak'l,
1.

not ta'kl), n.

A machine

for

[Allied
raising

or lowering heavy weights. 2. Weapons. 3. Rigging and apparatus of a

A. E,

I,

touching

touch.
Pertaining to touch.

O, U, Y,long; A,

22,1,

Taint.

[took; taken; tak-

ing.] [A.-S. tacan.] 1. In a more active sense, to lay hold of; to seize to
get into one's hold or possession;
often used in general senses, limited by the following complement, in
many rather idiomatic phrases. 9.
In a more passive sense, (a.) To accept, as something offered,
(b ) To
swallow, (c.) To undertake readily.
;

To submit

(d.)

to; to tolerate. (e.\

also, to under-

To admit mentally
stand

to suppose.
to receive
to bear

(/.)

To admit

1. To catch. 2. To have
To gain reception. 4. To
betake one's self to go. n
Quan-

&c.

v.

effect.

i.

3.

tity

of fish caught at one haul.

An imitation
(147), n.

Take'-off

a.

to submit to
to agree with ;
used in general
senses. 3. With prepositions, to convey, move, or remove ; to conduct ;
to transfer
to recover
to assume ;
;

TXd'pole, n. [0. Eng. tadde, now

especially, a caricature.
toad, and the root of Lat. pullus, a TAK'ER, n. One who takes.
young animal, Eng. foal.] Thejoung Tak'ing, p. a. Alluring attracting.
of a frog, in

Ta\e.\

See Tedium.
contraction of Taken.

(tan).

Taf'fer-el,
Taf'fe-ta,
Taf'fe-ty,

n.

its first state.

TM'T>i-VM,n.
n.

SeeTAFFRAiL.

[Per. taftah, i. e.,

orig., twisted, woven.]
J
fine, glossy stuff of silk.
Taff'RAIL, n. [D. tafereel, a panel,
picture, from tafel, table.]
The rail
around a ship's stern.
[molasses.
TAF'FY, n.
kind of candy made of
Tag, n. [Allied to tack.] 1.
metallic point at the end of a string.
2.
i

n.

1.

Act of gaining possession.

mind.

2. Distress of

Tal'bot,
TAL, n.

n.

quick-scented dog.

[Ar. talk.]
A soft
sian mineral, of a soapy feel.
i

Tal-COSE',
Tal'o0s,

Pertaining to, composed of, or resembling,

talc.

TALE,
1.

a.

n. [A.-S. talu,

That which

tion

Tale'-bear'er.

Taglia

v. i. To follow closely.
(tal'ya), n.
[It.]
peculiar

combination of pulleys.

Tail,

[A.-S. tsegel, tcegl,

n.

fr.

Goth.

tagl, hair.]
1. The part of an animal which terminates its body be-

hind. 2. Back, lower, or inferior part

of any thing. 3. Side of a coin opposite that which bears the effigy. 4.
Whatever resembles the tail of an animal. 5. [Fr. tailler, to cut.] Limitation
a. [See supra.]
abridgment.
_Limited abridged curtailed.

TAI'LOR,
to cut.]

[Fr. tailleur. fr. tailler,

n.

One who cuts out and makes

men's garments.
Tai't.or-ess, n. A female tailor.
TAINT, v. t. [-ED -ING.] [Fr. teindre,
;

teint, to dye, tinge, fr. Lat. tingere,

to tinge.]
1. To impregnate, as with

some extraneous matrer,

with

esp.

something odious, noxious, or poi-

with incipient putrefaction. n.

sonous. 2. To stain to sullv.

i\ i.
To be infected. 2. To be affected
:

1.

Tincture
ruption.

stain.
3.

2.

Infection

1.

cor-

blemish on reputa-

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

2.

tell.]

Enumera-

n.

offi-

Act of inform-

ing officiously.
n.
[Lat. tahntum, fr. Gr.
rdkavTov, a balance, a definite weight,
a talent, fr. r\dv, to bear.] 1. Among
the ancient Greeks, a weight (about
57 lbs. and a denomination of money
(about $1180). 2. Among the Hebrews, a weight (93f lbs.) and a denomination of monev. variously estimated at from $ 1645 to $1916. 3.
Intellectual ability, natural or acquired a special gift. See Matt. xxv.
Tal'ent-ed, a: Furnished with talents or skill.
TA'zftg, n.pl. [Lat. pi. of talis, such.]
A supply of persons from those in or
near the court-house to make up any
deficiency in the number of jurors.
Tale'man (150), n. A person called
to make up the deficiency in the
number of jurors.

Tal'ent,

Tal'is-man

[Ar. tilism, a
talashn, from Gr.
Late Gr., in-

(150), n.

magical image,

pi.

re\ea-(xa, tribute, tax,

cantation.]

1.

magical figure, to

which wonderful effects are ascribed.

Something that produces extraordinary effects a charm.
Pertaining to, or
TAL'Ig-M^N'IC, a.
2.

having the properties of, a talisman.

Talk (tawk), v. i. [-ED -ING.] [AlTo converse familiarly.
lied to tell.]
;

v.

t.

1.

To mention

tion.

6, U, Y, short;

tdian. to

One who

n.

ciously tells tales.

Tale'-bear'ing,

fr.

is told.

a number reckoned or stated.

which one runs after and touches another, then runsaway.

v. t. [-GED
-GING, 136.] 1. To fit with a point
or points. 2. To fit, as one thing to

magne-

Talck'y,

direction-card, or label.
3
Something paltry the rabble. 4. [Allied
to tack, to fasten, attach.] A play in

another.

free to converse.

Syn. Silent.

[Lat. tactilis, fr. tangere, to touch.]

Capable of being
touched or felt.
[touch.
TA-tiL'i-ty, n.
Perceptibility by
TXe'TlON, n.
[Lat. lactio.] Act of

America.

TA-HG'ra-phy,

pressed

TA'TILE,a.

TAT'U-AL,

(53), n.

1.

ERE, VEIL,

To use

for conversing. 2.
in talking. 3. To spend

TEEM

PIQUE, FIRM; SON,

TALKATIVE

TAM/BOUR-INE',
[See supra.]

2.

-),n. 1.

A loquacious

Oue who

Tame,

TANK,

with a cover.

Tan'ner, n. One who tans hides.

TAn'ner-y. n. The house and appa-

Tambourine.

[A.-S.
allied to

ure long and comparatively slender.

Stn. - Hish: lofty. High is the generic term, and is probably allied to the

to hang, as hung up. 'Tall describes

that which has a small diameter in proportion to its height: hence, we speak of
a tall man. a tall steeple, a tall mast, &c,
but not of a tall hill, or a tall house.
Lofty has a special reference to the ex-

2.

[-ER; -EST.] 1. Having lost its

native wildness accustomed to man.
a.

verb

Crushed

spiritless.

3.

Deficient

in animation.

Tame'ly, adv.

In a tame manner.

TAbie'ness,

Quality or state of

n.

being tame.

panse above us, and may be applied to

extension in breadth as well as height;
as, a lot'ty mountain, a loft)/ room. Tall is
applied only to physical objects; high
as,

n.

Tam'is,

)n.

Tam'ky,
TAmp, v.

t.

woolen cloth, often

used

for straining sauces.

[See Tap.] To fill up, as

a hole for blasting, esp. by driving

in something with frequent strokes.

.
State of being tall.
n.
[A.-S. ielg, ta'g.] 1.

Tam'per,

[-ed; -ing.]
v. ?.
modif. of temper.} To meddle
try little experiments.

Fat of certain animals, esp. those

of the sheep and ox kinds. 2. The
fat obtained from certain plants.
[-ED; -ING.]
To grease or
v. t.
smear with tallow.

[A
;

to

TAm'pi-on, n. [Fr. tampon, fr. Eng.

tap.
See Tap, n., 4.] Stopper of a
cannon, &c.

Tal'low-chasd'ler,

n. One who Tan, n.

[Prob. fr. Armor, tann, an
makes or sells tallow candles.
oak, and oak- bark, allied to Ger.
TAl'low-ish, a. Resembling tallow.
tanne, a fir.]
Bark of certain
1.
Tal'low-v, a. Having the qualities
trees, broken and used for tanning

of tallow

Tal'LY,

hides. 2. A yellowish-brown color.

v.t. [-NED; -NING.] 1. To convert into leather, as skins. 2. To
make brown by exposure to the sun.

greasy.

n.

[Fr.

a cutting,

tnille,

tally, fr. tailler, to cut.]

1.

stick

ratus for tanning.

[from, tan.
Relating to, or derived
a.

Tan'nio,
TAn'nin,

n.
[See TAN.]
The astringent principle of oak-bark, &c.
n.
[Fr. tanaisie, from Gr.
aOavao-ta. immortality.] An extremely bitter plant.
[hopes.
TAn'ta-lism, 77. A teasing with vain
Tan'ta-li-za'tion, n. Act of tantalizing^
TAn'ta-eize, v. t.
[-ed
-ing.]
[From Tantalus. See infra.] To
torment with a prospect of good that

TAN'Y,

One who tames.

Tam'er,

Tall'NESS,

Tal'low,

[-ed

t.

knot of threads, or othe.

things not easily disengaged.
i.
[0. Fr. estanc, Lat. stag
num. j A large basin or cistern.
TAnk'ARD, n. [0. Fr. Vinquart,
D. tanckaerd.] A drinking vesseL,

1.

tamian,
Skr. dam, Gr.
1. To reduce from a wild to
dafj.au.}
a domestic state to reclaim to domesticate. 2. To subdue; to conquer.

person.

lofty have a moral acceptation,

high thought, lofty aspirations.

v.

-IN^.]

talks.

Sale. a. [-er -est.] [W. ta ', talau,

to make or grow tall.] High in stat-

and

n,

drum,
shallow
with one skin,
played on with
the hand. 2. A
French dance.

Talkie R(tawk

TAPESTRY

429

in talking
n.
Familiar con1.
2. Report
verse.
rumor.
Syx. See Conversation.
Talk'a-tive (tawk'-), a. Given to
much talking loquacious.
Stn.
See Garrulous.
Talk'a-tive -ness (tawk'-),n. Quality or condition of beiDg talkative.

can not be

realized.

Syn. To disappoint. To disappoint

literally to do away what was appointed ; hence, the peculiar pain from
hopes thus dashed to the ground. To
tantalize describes a most distressing
form of disappointment, as in the case
of Tantalus, a Phrygian king in fabulous history, who was condemned to
stand up to his chin in water, with a tree
of fair fruit over his head, both of which,
as he attempted to allay his hunger or
thirst, fled from his approach. Hence, to
is

tantalize is to visit with the bitterest

disappointment,
to torment by exciting hopes or expectations which can
never be realized.
TAn'ta-mount', a. [Lat. tantus, so

much, and Eng. amount.]

Equiva-

lent in value or signification.

Tan-tiv'y, or TAn'ti-vy, adv. [From

on which notches are cut, as the
2. One thing
marks of number.
the note of a hunting-horn.] Swiftv. 7.
To become tanned.
ly
a hunting term.
v. t. [-ed
Tan'dem, flrfv. [Lat., at length.] One
made to suit another.
-INS, 142.]
To score with corresaid of horses har- TAn'trum, n. A whim or burst of
after another
ill-humor.
spondent notches to make to cor[leather is tanned.
nessed one before another.
respond.
v. i. To be fitted to suit. TANG, n.
[Icel. tangi; Gr. rayyo?, TAn'-yard, n.
An inclosure where
TAL'LY-HO, interj. & n. The huntsrancid.] 1. A strong taste, esp. of TAP, v. t. [-ped; -ping.] [Prov. Ger.
tapp, tapps r a blow, tappe, a paw,
man's cry to urge on his hounds.
something extraneous to the thing
Relish. 3. A projecting
fist.] 1. To strike with a very gentle
TAl'ly-MAN (150), n. One who keeps
itself.
2.
blow. 2. To put a new sole or heel on.
the tally.
part by means of which a thing is
Tal/mud, n. [Chald. talmfid, in[ing.
3. [A.-S. tdppan, tappian.] To pierce
secured to some other part.
struction.] The body or the book of TAn'gen-cy, n. A contact or touchso as to let out a fluid. 4. To draw
TAn'gent, >j.
the Hebrew laws, traditions, &c.
[Lat.
from in any analogous way.
v.i. To

TAL-MIJD'I,

tang ens,

Relating to, or cona.

[Talmud.
tained in, the Talmud.
TAl'mtjd-ist, n. One versed in the
Tal/MUD-ist'IC, a. Pertaining to, or
resembling, the Talmud.
TAl'on, n. [L. Lat. talo, from Lat.
talus, ankle, heel.] Claw of a fowl.
1. That
Ta'lus, n. [Lat., ankle.]
bone of the foot which articulates
with the leg. 2. The slope of a work.
Tam'a-ble,. Capable of being tamed.

Tam'A-rack,
TAm'a-rind,

n. The larch.
[Ar.
n.
tamar-hindi,
i. e., Indian date.]
(a.)
tropical
tree and its fruit which abounds with
[tree or shrub.
an acid pulp.
TAm'a-risk, n. [Lat. tamariscus.}
TAm'bour, n. [Fr. tambour, a drum.

gere,

right

A
;

vhich

line

touches a curve but

does not cut it.
a.
Touching at a single

Tangent.

c,

tangent
tangenradius
;

ad,
tial

point.

6c, arc.

TAN-GEN'TIAL, a. Per-

tangible.
!

TAn'gi-BLE,
tangere,

to

a. [Lat. tangibilis,

touch.]

1.

from

Perceptible

by the touch. 2. Readily apprehensible by the mind.

TAn'gi-bey, adv. So as to be felt
palpably.

TAn'gle,

dR,DO.-vrQLF,TOO, TCfaK; fJRN.RyE,

v.

t.

[-ED;-ING.]

[Prob.

aided to Goth, tagl, hair.] 1. To

unite or knit together confusedly.
2.

Toinsnare; to entrap.

v.i.

for cutting threads in nuts.

[A.-S. tappe, a fillet.
Cf.
narrow piece of woven
]
fabric used for strings, &c.
Ta'per, n. [A.-S. tapur, taper.] 1.

Tape, 77.
Tippet

small wax-candle or light. 2. A

gradual diminution of diameter.
a.
[Prob. from the form of a taper.]
Regularly narrowed toward the point.
v.i.
[-ED
-ing.] To become
gradually smaller toward one end.
Ta'per-ing, a. Becoming smaller in
diameter toward one end.

To TAp'es-try,

be entangled or united confusedly.

ptjll,

through which liquor is drawn. 4.

A plug for stopping a hole in a cask
A place where liquor is drawn for
drinking a bar. 6. A conical screw,

5.

taining to, or being in the direction

of, a tangent.
TAn'gi-bil'1-TY, n. Quality of being

See Tabor.] 1. A small flat drum

a tambourine. 2. A small circular
frame, for embroidery
also, embroidery in which threads of gold
and silver are worked.

touch.]

strike a gentle blow.

n. 1. A slight
blow. 2. The piece of leather used in
repairing a sole or heel. 3. [A.-S
tdppa. Cf. Tampion.] A hole or pipe

p. pr. of tan-

to

tapis,

n.

from
from Lat.

[Fr. tapisserif,,

a carpet, carpeting

E,i, o, silent; <},&,soft: ,5, hard; AS; EJIST;

N.

asNG;

THI3.

TAPE-WORM

TAUNT

430

or tapete, tapetis, carpet, tapestry.] Woven hangings of wool and

silk, often enriched with figures in
gold and silver.
Tapestry carpet, a kind of two-ply or
ingrain carpet, in which the warp or weft
is printed before weaving.

tapes,

Tar'nish,*.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

[Fr. trr-

flower or head of some plants.

v.t

[-ed.-ing; or -LED, -LING, 137.] To

adorn with tassels.
[beiug tasted.
hide.]
To diminish or destroy the Tast'a-BLE, a. Capable or worthy of
luster or the purity of.
v. i. To lose Taste, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [0. Fr. tasn. A being
ter, fr. Lat. taxare, to touch sharply,
luster to become dull.
soiled or tarnished soil blemish.
to estimate, from tangere, to touch.]
v. t. To adorn with tapestry.
Tar-pau'lin, n. [Cf. 0. Eng. pull, a
1. To try the relish or flavor of by the
sort of fine cloth, and Prov. Eng.
TAPE'-WORM (-wfirm), n. A broad,
touch of the tongue. 2. To eat a small
pauling, a covering for a cart.]
flat, many-jointed intestinal worm.
1.
quantity of.
3. To experience
to
Canvas covered with tar or a waterTXp'-HOUSE, n.
undergo. 4. To partake of; to parA house where
2. A sailor's
proof composition.
liquors are retailed.
ticipate in.
v. i. 1. Toeat or drink;
TXp'i-o'cja, n. A granular substance
painted or tarred hat hence, a sailor.
sometimes to eat or drink a little only.
Tar'ras, n. See Trass.
from the roots of a Brazilian plant.
2. To have a particular quality or
[-ed
-ing, 142.]
character. 3. To partake.
Ta'PIR, n. [Braz. tapifra.] A hoofed TXr'ry (5), t.
n. 1. Act
of tasting. 2. Sensation excited by
mammal, somewhat like a pig.
[0. Fr. larger, targier, as if fr. a Lat.
word tardicare, fr. tardare, to make
the application of a substance to the
TA'PIS (or ta-pe'), n. [Fr. See TAPslow.]
2. To
1. To stay behind.
tongue. 3. Sense by which the savor
ESTRY.] Carpeting; tapestry; fordelay. 3. To remain.
of bodies is ascertained. 4. Intellecmerly the cover of a council-table.
tual relish. 5. Nice perception critUpon the tapis, on the table, or under
Syn. To abide; continue; lodge.
ical judgment discernment. 6. Manconsideration.
n.
Stay 6top delay.
ner style. 7. A small specimen a
TXp'-room, n. A room where liquors TXr'ry (5), a. Consisting of, covered
bit.
8. A narrow ribbon.
commonly applied to
are served;
with, or like, tar.
Syn. Sensibility judgment. Some
the kitchen of a public house in TXrt, a. [A.-S. Uart, fr. tearan, to
consider taste ns a mere sensibility, and
England, where the meaner customtear, split.]
1. Sharp to the taste
others as a simple exercise of judgment
ers drink and smoke.
acid.
severe.
n.
2.' Keen
[Lat.
but a union of both is requisite to the
TXp'-root, n. The root which runs
existence of any thing which deserves
tortus, twisted, bent
because orig.
the name.
directly do wu ward.
of a twisted shape.] A species of small
TAP'STEE,, n. [From top. to pierce.]
open pie, containing jelly or conserve. Taste'FUL, a. 1. Having a high relOne who draws ale or other liquor.
TXr'tan, n.
[Fr. tiretaine, linseyish 2. Having, or showing, good taste.
TAR, n. [A.-S. te.ru, teor.] 1. A thick,
woolsey, Sp. tiritana, a thin silk, fr. TASTE'FUL-LY,arfr. With good taste.
resinous substance, obtained from
tiritar, to shiver with cold.] Woolen Taste'ful-ness, n. State or quality
pine and fir-trees, by burning the
cloth, checkered, worn in Scotland.
of being tasteful.
wood with a close, smothering heat. TXr'TAR, n.
[L. Gr. rdprapov.]
1. Taste'less, a. Having no taste infrom hia tarred
2.
A sailor
An acid concrete salt, deposited from
[tasteless.
sipid; vapid.
-ring.] To
v. t. [-red
clothes.
wines.
When it is pure, it is called Taste'less-ness, n. State of being
smear with tar.
cream of tartar.
2. A concretion Tast'er, n.
One who tastes.
Ta-rXnt'u-la, n.
which often incrusts the teeth. 3. A Tast'i-ly, adc. With good taste.
[From Taranti, in
native or inhabitant of Tartary.
Tast'y,. [-er; -est, 142.] 1. HavA species
Italy.]
Tar-ta're-an, a. Pertaining to Taring a nice perception of excellence.
of spider.
tarus; hellish.
2. Being in conformity to the princiadv.
TAR'DI-LY,
TAR-TA'RE-ous,a. 1. Consisting of or
ples of good taste.
nir, p. pr. ternissant, to tarnish, fr.
0. H. Ger. tarnjan, A.-S. dernan, to

?'.

Slowly.

like, tartar. 2.

tAR'DI-NESS,
n.
Tarantula.
Slowness lateness.
/AR'DY, a. [er -EST, 142.] [Lat.
'ardus, *low.]
1. Moving with a
slow motion. 2. Not in season late.
See Siow.
S v ir.
;

TARE,

[Cf. Frov- Eng. tare, brisk,

n.
eager.] 1. A weed growing among
plant of sevother grain. 2. (a.)
eral species, which are troublesome
weeds. 3. [Ar. tarak, thrown away,
removed.] Allowance of a certain
..weight or quantity from the weight
or quantity of a commodity sold in
a cask, chest, bag, &c.
Tar'get, n. [A.-S. targe. Cf. 0. H.
kind
Ger. zarga, frame, edge.] 1.
mark for
2.
of small shield.
[a target.
marksmen to fire at.
TXr'get-eer', n. One armed with
TXr'gum, n. [Chald. targUm, interparaphrase of the
pretation.]

Scriptures in Chaldee.
TXr'iff, n. [Ar. ta^rif, information,
explanation, definition.] (a.) A list
or table of goods with the duties or
customs to be paid for the same. (b.
[muslin.
A list of duties.

Tar-TXr'I,

a.

Relating to Tartarus.
Pertaining to, or ob-

tained from, tartar.

TXR'TAR-IZE,

[-ED
v. t.
impregnate with tartar.

TXr'TA-RUS,

-ING.]

To

Gr. TapTapo?.]
Gr. Myth. ) The place of punish(
ment for the spirits of the wicked.
TXrt'ly, adv. Sourly sharply.
TXrt'NESS, n. Quality of being tart.
n.

[Lat.

Syx

Acrimony; emrness

keen-

ness; poignancy; severity; asperity.

TXR'TRATE,n. A

formed by combining tartaric acid with a base.

salt

A hypocritical devn.
so called from the name of
the hero in a comedy of Moliere.
Tar'-wa'ter, n. A cold infusion of
tar, used as a medicine.
Task, n.
[L. Lat. tasra, taxa.
Cf.
Tax.] 1. Business or study imposed
by another 2. Business undertakTar-tuffe',
otee

ing.

3.

Burdensome employment.

[-ed; -ing.] 1.
To impose a task upon. 2. To oppress with burdens.
TAsk'er,
) n.
One who imTask'-mAs'TER,
poses a task an
4.

lesson.

v.t.

overseer.

among
I,

the mountains.

U, Y,long;

A,E,I,

ing in loose threads.

6,tJ, Y.sAorf;

v.

t.

&

[Cf. Icel. tetr,

i.

tetur, a torn garment.] To tear into,

obsolete, exor to be in, tatters;
n.
cept in the p. p.
A rag, or a
part torn and hanging.
TXt'ter-de-mXl'ion, n. [Eng. tatter, andO. Fr. maillon, long-clothes.]
[woven or knit.
A ragged fellow.
TXt'ting, n. A kind of lace edging
TXt'tle, v. i. [-ED ING.] [L. Ger.

Upper Ger.

tateln, tatern,

tattern.] 1.

prate.
2. To tell taies or secrets.
n. Idle, trifling talk prate.
Tat'tler, n. One who tattles.
Tat-too', n. 1. [D. taptoe, fr. tap,
a tap, faucet, and toe, to shut (i. e.,
the taps, or drinking-houses, shut
from the soldiers).] A beat of drum
at night, to call soldiers to quarters.
2. Indelible figures made by introducing some pigment under the skin.
-ING, 144.] [Prob. by
v. t. [-ed
reduplication of Polynesian ta, u.
To color indelibly, as the
strike.]
flesh, by pricking in dye-stuffs.
(tawt, 75), a. [From the root
'of tight.] Tightly drawn or strained.
v., imp.
p. p. of Teach.
TXUNT, V. t. [-ED -ING.] [0. Sw.
tanta, danta, to reproach, 0. D. tanTo reproach with
den, to attack.]

To

Taught

&

TXr'la-tAN, n A tain, transparent TXs'SEL, n. [Lat. taxillus, a little die.]

TXrn, n. [Icel. tibrn.} A small lake
1. A sort of pendent ornament, end5,E,

Tat'ter,

2.

Pendent

severe or insulting words.

CARE, fXr, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM; S6N

TAUNTER
Syn. To revile;

Upbraidiug words

n.

sarcastic reproach.
Taunt'er, n. One

TEETHING

431

upbraid. See

Dekide.
bitter or

n.
One who taxes.
TAx'i-der'mist, it. A person

raising a nap on cloth. 2. The bu*

of the plant, or any substitute there-

TXx'ER,

in taxidermy.

who

Having the form of a bull.

Tau'RINE, a. [Lat taurinus; taunts, a
Relating oo a bull, or to the
common ox and cow.
TAU'RUS, n. [Lat. Gr. ravpo?.] The
Bull, one of the 12 signs of the zodiac.
Taut, a. Tight. See Taught, a.
Tau-TOG', n. [PL of taut, the Indian
name.] A fish found on the coast of
bull.]

v.

for.

TAx'I-der'my,

taunts.

Tauxt'ing-ly, ouiv. Insultingly.

TAU'RI-FORM. a. [Lat. tauriformis
taurus, a bull, and forma, a form.]

[Gr. T<ts, arrangement, Sepixa, skin.] Art of preserving the ski us of animals, so as to
represent their natural appearance.
Tea, v.. [Chin, tshd, Prov. Chin, tha,
the.}
1. Leaves of a Chinese shrub,
or an infusion of them in boiling
water. 2. Any decoction, esp. when
made of the dried leaves of plants.
n,

To

[-ED; -ING, 137.]

t.

subject to the action of teasels.

TEAS'ER, n. One who, or that which,
teases.
[drinking tea, &c_
Tea'-spoon, n. A small spoon used in

Teat.w.

[A.-S.

That organ

tit, titt.}

through which milk

is

drawn from

toe breast or the udder.

Tea'-ta'BLE,

n.

tea furniture

on which

table

is set.

Tech'i-ly, adv. Touchily.

Teach, r. /. [taught teaching.] Tech'i-ness, n. Touchiness.
a.
[Gr. Texvocds, fr.
[A.-S. tsecan, to show, teach, allied TEH'NI,
re'\i^,an art.] Reto tihan, teon, to say, accuse] 1. TEH'NI-AL,
New England.
lating to, or specially appropriate to,
To impart the knowledge of to tell.
Tau'to-l6g'I-al, a.
Having the
any art, science, business, or the like.
2. To guide the studies of.
same signification.
[tautology. Teach' a-ble, a.
1.
State or
Capable of being TEH'ni-al/i-ty, n.
Tau-tol'o-gist, n.
One who uses
quality of being technical. 2. That
taught
also, readily receiving inTau-tol'o-gize, v. i. [-ED -ING.]
which is technical.
[manner.
struction,
[being^teachable.
To repeat the same thing in different Teach'a-BLE-ness, n. Quality of TEH'NI-AL-LY. adv. In a technical
words.
Tech'nics, n. sing, or pi.
Doctrine
Teach'er, n. One who teaches.
Tau-TOI/O-GY, n. [Gr. ravroXoyia ; Teach'ing, n. Act or business of
of arts in general such branches of
tclvto, the same, and Aoyos, speech.]
learning as respect the arts in the
instructing.
A repetition of the same meaning in
pi., technical terms.
[technology.
Syn. See Education.
different words.
Tea'-UP, n. A small cup for drink- TEH'NO-l6g'I-AL, a. Relating to
TeH-n6l/o-gist,
n.
who treats
One
Syn. Repetition. There may be
ing tea from.
3.

The evening meal

supper.

'

frequent repetitions (as in legal instru-

ments) which are warranted either by

necessity or convenience; but tautology
is always a fault, being a sameness of expression which adds nothing either to
the sense or the sound.

TAU'TO-PHON'ie-AL,

a.

[Gr. ravro-

ravro. the same, and c/xoi/tj,

Repeating the same sound.
Tau-toph'o-ny, n. Repetition of
the same sound.
Tav'ern, n. [Lat. taberna.] A pubfyoivos, fr.

sound.]

house' for the

travelers an inn
lic

accommodation of

a hotel.
[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S. tawian, to prepare, to taw, Goth, taujan,
;

Taw,

v.

t.

to do.] To dress and prepare in white,

as skins for gloves, &c.
n.
I. A
large marble. 2. A game at marbles.
TaWdri-ly, adv. In a tawdry manner,
[being tawdry.
Taw'dri-ness, n. State or quality of
Taw'dry, a. [-er; -est, 142 ] [Corrupt, fr. Saint Audrey, ovAuldrey, i.e.
Saint Etkelreda; originally implying,
bought at the fair of St. Audrey.]

Teak,

[Malabar

n.

Tear,

v.

t.

[tore

Very showy in
n.
a.

without taste.

colors,

A dresser of white leather.

[-er; -est, 142.]

[Fr.

ianne, p. p. of tanner, to tan.] Of a

dull yellowish - brown color, like
things tanned.
Tax, n.
[L. Lat. taxa, for Lat. taxatio, from taxare, to estimate.]
1.
charge, especially a pecuniary burden
imposed by authority. 2. A task exacted. 3. A disagreeable or burdensome duty.
Syn.
Imposts tribute; duty; assess-

ment; exaction.
v. t. [-ED; -ing.] 1. To subject
to pay a tax or taxes.
2. To assess,
as the amount of cost on actions in

court.

3.

TXx'a-ble,

To accuse.
a.

WOLF, TOO,

XO~OS.

tear-

by force to rend
moye violently.

rush with violence

to rave.

n.

to lacerate. 2.
v.

i.

To

To move or

hence, to rage

rent

fissure.

of the terms of art.

n.
[Gr. rexvv,
art, and koyos, discourse.]
1.
treatise on the useful arts.
2.

TeH-n6l'o-gy,

an

A
An

explanation of technical terms.

TECH'Y, a. [Corrupted from touchy.]
Peevish
fretful.
;

TE-TON're, a.

[Gr. TeKT0i/c./c6s,fr. tk-

a carpenter, builder.]
to building.

raiv,

Ted,

v.

t.

[-ded

Relating

-ding.] [W. teddu,

To spread,

to spread out, display.]

as new-mowed grass from the swath.

Ted'der, n. A tether. See Tether.

Te De'um.

[Lat.]
An ancient
Christian hymn
so called from
the first words, " Te Deum laudamus " We praise thee, God.
;

TE'DI-OtJS (or ted'yus),

a. [Lat. t&di-

fr. tsedium. See Tedium.] Tiresome from continuance, prolixity, or

osns,

slowness.
Syn. "Wearisome fatiguing eluggish. See Irksome.
TE'Di-ous-LY(or tJd'yus-), arft>. In a
tedious manner.
TE'DI-OUS-NESS (or ted'yus-), n.
Quality of being tedious wearisome-

ness.
Tear'er, ft. One who rends or raves.
Tear'ful, a. Abounding with tears. Te'di-um, n. [Lat. t&dium, fr. txdet,
it disgusts, wearies one.]
IrksomeTear'less, a. Free from tears.
ness wearisomeness.
Tease, v.t. (_-ed -ing.] [A.-S. tsesan. Cf. Touse.] 1. To comb or card, TEEM, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S. tyman, teman, tedmian] 1. To bring
as wool or flax. 2. To annoy by petty
;

and raillery.
To tease is literally

requests, or by jests

Syn.

To vex.

to pull or scratch,

and implies a

pro-

forth , as an animal to produce fruit j

to bear. 2. To be pregnant to con
ceive.
3. To be full or prolific
;

To produce to bring forth.

longed annoyance in respect to little
things.
Vex meant originally to seize Teem-ER, n. One who teems.
and Dear away hither and thither, and Teens, n.pl. The years of one's ago,
hence, to disturb as, to vex the ocean
beginning with thirteen and ending
with storms. This sense of the term now
v.

t.

rarely occurs; but vex

is still

a stronger

word than

Capable of being
taxed liable to be taxed.
Tax-a'tion, n. Act of laying a tax,
or of imposing taxes.

OR, DQ,

torn

ing.] [A.-S. teran, Goth, tairan.] 1.

To separate by violence to pull apart
;

Taw'er,
Taw'ny,

thelca, telclca.]

tree of the East Indies, which furnishes very excellent ship timber
also, the timber of the tree.
TEAL., n. A web-footed water -fowl,
nearly allied to the common duck.
TEAM, n. [A.-S. team, for teaharn, offspring, any thing following in a row
or team, from tedmian, teman, to
bear, teem.]
Two or more horses,
oxen, or other beasts harnessed together for drawing.
Team/ster, n. [From team and the
Jerm. ster.] One who drives a team.
Tea'-p5t, n. A vessel to serve tea in.
Tear, n.
[A.-S., Goth, tagr ; Gr.
daKpv, Scucpujua, Lat. lacrima, for 0.
Lat. dacrima.] 1. A drop of the fluid
secreted by the lachrymal gland, and
flowing from the eyes. 2. Something
in the form of a transparent drop.

tease, denoting the disturbance or anger created by minor provoca-

tions, losses, disappointments, &c.

TEA'gEL

(te'zl),

n.

[See supra.]

1.

plant which bears a bur used for

URN, RUE, PULL.

E,

I,

o, silent

with nineteen.
Tee'ter,!'. i. To ride on the ends of a
balanced board.

Teeth, n. ; pi. of Tooth.

[teeth
Teeth, v.t. [-ED -ing.] To breed
;

Teeth'ing,

n. Process

c.G.so/*; ,S,Aard/ AS; EXIST;

by which
as

first

NG; THIS

TEETOTAL
make

teeth

their

TENDER

432

way through

the

gums.

TEE-TO'TAL, a. Total. [Colloq.]

Tee-to'tum, n. A child's toy.
TEG'U-LAR, a.
[L. Lat. tegularis

Svn.

Rashness. Temerity refers to

the disposition, rashness to the act. "We

show temerity in our resolutions, conshow rashness, from
clusions, &c.
time to time, in the actions of life.

We

TEM'PER.r.

t.
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
temperare, from tempus, time, orig. a
cut
a
piece
off,
part, Gr. refivetv, to
Teg'u-ment, n. [Lat. tegumentum
cut off.] 1. To mingle in due protegere, to cover.]
A covering, esp.
portion
to modify, as by adding
of a living body, or of some organ.
some new element. 2. To soften to
Teg'u-ment'a-ry, a. Relating to, or
assuage. 3. To bring to a proper de[linden.
consisting of, teguments.
gree of hardness.
n.
1. Due mixtTEIL, n. [Lat. tilia.] The lime-tree or
ure of different qualities.
2. ConTEL'E-GRAM, n. [Gr. rijKe, afar, and
stitution of body
temperament. 3.
A
ypafx/xa, that which is written.]
Constitution of the mind, particularly
telegraph.
message sent by
with regard to the passions and affecTel'e-GRAPH, n. [Gr. -rr\\e, afar, far
tions. 4. Proneness to anger. 5. State
An apoff, and ypdfciv, to write.]
of a metal, esp. as to its hardness.
paratus for communicating intelli- Tem'per-a-ment, n. 1. Act of temgence rapidly between distant points,
pering or modifying.
2. A system
v. t.
by means of certain signals.
of compromises in the tuning of or[-ED -ING.] To convey or announce
gans, piano fortes, &c. 3. The pecul[operator.
iy telegraph.
iar physical and mental character of
Fel'e-GRAPH'ER, n. A telegraphic
an individual.
Pertaining
) a.
TEL'E-GrXph'IG,
TEM'per-ance, n. [Lat. lemperanTEL'e-grXph'ig-al, i to, or comtia.
See TEMPER.] Habitual modmunicated by, telegraph.
eration in regard to the indulgence
TEl'eor
Te-leg'ra-phist,
of the natural appetites and passions.

Pertaining
tegula, a tile.]
arranged like, tiles.

to,

or

head.
n.
Anything temporal or
secular a temporality.Tem'po-rXl'i-TY, n. 1. State of being temporary. 2. pi. Revenues of
an ecclesiastic proceeding from lauds,
tenements, tithes, &c.
Tem'po-ral-LY, adv. In a temporal
;

manner.

rarily.]

[-ED; -ING.]
V. i.
temjms, temporis, time.] To
or yield to the current of
opinion or to circumstances.
[Lat.

humor

electro-magnetism.

TEL/E PHON'IC,

Relating to the

n.

[See

a.

Temper.]

Moderate, esp. in the indulgence of

the appetites

and

Not
manner.
In a tem-

passions.
[perate

violent.

TEM'per-a-ture,?i.

Constitution;
state.
2. Degree of heat or cold.
Tem'pest, n. [Lat. tempestas, season,weather, storm, fr. tempus, time.]
1. A storm of extreme violence.
2.
Any violent tumult or commotion.

Syn.

1.

See Stokm.

rqkeo-K ottos,
viewing afar, fr. Trj\e, far, far off,
and <TKonelv, to view.] An optical instrument for viewing distant ob-

Tem-pest'u-oOs,

jects.

Tem-pest'u-ous-ness,

[Gr.

TEL'E-SOP'I,
) a.
Relating to
TEL'e-scop'ig-AL,
a telescope.
TE-LES'TIH, n. [Gr tAo?, end, and
oti'xos, line, verse.] A poem in which
J

the final letters of the lines make a

name ;
the reverse of an acrostic.

v. t. [told; telling.] [A>S. tellian, tellan.] 1. To enumerate

to count.
2. To give an account of.

Tell,

To make known to publish. 4.

To teach. 5. To find out to discover.
v. i. 1. To give an account.
2. To produce a marked effect.
lELL'ER, n. 1. One who tells. 2.
A bank officer who pays money out on
checks. 3. One appointed to count
3.

votes in a public meeting.

TELL'-TALE, a. Telling tales babbling^
n.
An officious informer.
;

TEL-LU'Ri,

[Lat. tellus, telluris,

a.

the earth.] Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the earth.

Tel-lu'ri-um,

n.

[From Lat.

tellus,

telluris, the earth.]

metal of a
silver-white color.
n.
[Lat. temeritas, fr.
temeri, rashly.]
Unreasonable con-

TE-mer-i-ty,

tempt of danger.
A, E,

I,

'6,V,Y,long; A,,S,6,

iJ,

2.

Tem'per-ate-ly, adv.
Tem'per-ate-ness, 7i. Moderation.

telephone.
n.

1.

Involving, like,
or pertaining to, a tempest stormy.
Tem-pest'u-ous-ly, adv. In a tem-

n.
time-server.
[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
(84), v. t.
tentare, temptare, intens. form of
tendere, to stretch.] 1. To try. 2.
To incite to instigate. 3. To test
to prove.
4. To lead, or endeavor to
lead, into evil.
Syn.
To allure seduce.

TEMPT

pestuous manner.
n.
State or
quality of being tempestuous.
n.
1. One of a religious
military order, who occupied an
apartment near the Temple at Jerusalem. 2. A student of law, so called
from having apartments in the
Temple at London.

TEM'plar,

TEM'PLE,.

[Lat.

templum, for tem-

pulum, as a dim. of tempus, according to

off.]

primary sense, a piece cut

An edifice for the worship

its
1.

of some deity. 2. The edifice at Jerusalem for the worship of Jehovah.

3. A church.
4. [Lat. tempora, tempus, prop, the right place, fatal spot,
from tempus, temporis, fitting or appointed time.] Portion of the head
between the forehead and ear.
TEM'plet, n.
[L. Lat. templatus,
vaulted, from Lat. templum, a small
timber.] 1. A mold used by bricklayers and masons. 2. A thin mold or
pattern used by machinists, &c. 3. A
short piece of timber under a beam.
Tem'po-ral, a. [Lat. temporalis, fr.
tempus, time.] 1. Pertaining to the
present life, or this world secular.
2. Pertaining to the temples of the

H, short;

TEMPT'A-BLE,a.
ed

Liable to be temptexposed to temptation.

Temp-ta'tion
tempting.

2.

1.
Act of
(84), n.
State of being tempted.

That which tempts allurement

TEMPT'ER, n. One who tempts.
TEN, a. 6c n. [A.-S. ten, tin, tyn, Lat
Nine and one
decern, Skr. dacan.]
3.

TEN'A-BLE

[Fr. unable, fr
(110), a.
tmir, to hold. J Capable of being
held or maintained.
TE-NA'CIOIJS, a. [Lat. tenax, tenacis,

ttnere, to hold.]
1. Apt to retain
Adhesive. 3. Obsti2.
retentive.
[firmly
nate stubborn.

fr.

Te-na'cioDs-ly, adv. Retentively,

Quality or
Te-na'cioOs-ness, n.
state of being tenacious.
Quality
n.

a.

TEM'PO-Rlz'Er,

Tem'per-ate,

[Lat. tempoLasting for a time only.

(44). a.

TEM'PO-RIZE,

telegrapher.
Science or art of
constructing, or of communicating
telegraphs.
by means of,
Te'LE-OL'O-GY (110), n. [Gr. re'Ao?.
re'Aeos, end, and Aoyos, discourse.]
Doctrine of the final causes of things.
TEL/E-PHONE, n. [Gr. rfyAe, far, and
<pb>vf), sound.]
An instrument for
reproducing articulate speech at a
distance, by the aid of electricity or

State of be-

ing temporary.

Tem'po-ra-ry

grAph'ist, n. A
Te-leg'RA-PHY, n.

manner.
In a tempo-

[rary

Tem'po-RA-rt-LY, adv.
Tem'po-ra-ri-ness, n.

TEL'E-SCOPE,

Te-nA^'i-ty,

of being

tenacious

Tenancy, n. [L. Lat. tenentia, tenantia.] A holding, or a mode of

holding, an estate

Ten'ant, n. [Fr.
1. One who has

tenure.
tenant, holding.]
the occupation of
;

lands or tenements whose title is in

v. t. [-ed;
another. 2. A dweller.
-ING.] To hold as a tenant.
tenanted
to
be
Fit
TEN'ANT-A-BLE,a.
or rented in a state of repair suitable for a tenant.
TEN'ANT-LESS.a. Having no tenants.
TEN'ANT-RY, n. The body of tenants.
TEND. v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Abbrevfr. attend.] 1. To care for the wants
of; to watch. 2. To note carefully;
to attend to. v. i. [Lat. tendere.]
1. To move in a certain direction. 2.
To be directed, as to any end or purpose. 3. To contribute.
Tend'en-CY, n. Direction or course
toward any place, object, or result.
Inclination; drift; scope; aim.
Syn.
See Disposition.

TEND'ER, n. [From tend.] 1. One

who tends another. 2. A small vessel

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE,

to attend a larger one with

provisions, &c. 3. A car attached to
a locomotive, to supply fuel and wa-

employed

ter. 4.

VE,IL,

[See

Tender,

v. t.]

An

TERM PIQUE FlRM

5

offer;

Sdi

TENDER
[-ed;
aproposal.

to stretch.^ 1. A pavilion or portable

lodge of canvas or other coarse cloth.
A
2. [Lat. tentare, to handle, feel.]
roll of lint or linen used in surgery.
[-ED: -ING.] 1. To cover
v. t.
with tents. 2. To probe.

-ING.]
v. t.
See TEND, v. i.] To
[Lat. tendere.
offer cr present for acceptance.
Ten'der, a. [-er -est.] [Fr. tendre, Lat. tener.] 1. Easily impressed,

Easily pained.
4. Easily exforgiveness,
or favor.
cited to pity,
Delicate; soft compassionate;
Syn.

broken, or injured.
3.

Weak and

2.

feeble.

humane;

[Lat. tentare, to hanfiliform process from the

head of a snail, insect, or crab, &c,
for feeling or motion.

TEN'TA-iiE,n.
dle, feel.]

pitiful.

n. A tender part of
the hind quarter of beef.
With tenderness.
State or quality of
being tender.
Benignity; humanity; benevSyn.
olence; kindness; clemency.

Ten'der-loin,

Ten-ta'u-lar,

Ten'der-lv. adv.
Ten'der-ness, n.

Ten'ta-tive,

TEn'di-NOUS,
of,

tendons

Ten'DON,

Pertaining to,orfull
sinewy.

a.

TERRIBLE

433

n. [Lat. tendere, to stretch,

A hard, insensible cord, by

is communicated from
muscle
to
a bone.
a
Ten'dril, v. [from render, prop, the
tender sprig of a plant.] A slender
spiral shoot of a plant that winds
round another body for support.
extend.]

which motion

Te-NE'BRI-ous, a. [Lat. tenebrosus ;

tenebrse, darkTen'e-broOs,
Dark; gloomy; obscure.
ness.]
Te.\'E-MENT,}i. [L.Lat. tenementum,
)

Pertaining

a.

Trying

tentare,

[Lat,

a.

Lat. tenere, to hold.]

to

stretch

on

tenters.
Ten'ter-hook, n.

A hook used in
stretching cloth on a tenter.
Tenth, a. 1. Next after the ninth. 2.
Being one of ten equal parts into
n.
1.
which any thing is divided.
One of ten equal parts. 2. Interval
between any tone and that on the
tenth degree of the staff above it.
Tenth'ly, adv. In the tenth place.
TE-NU'I-TY, n. [Lat. tenuitas ; tenuis,

thin.]

1.

Smallness

in

thinness or slenderness.

diameter
Earity

2.

Ten'u-ous, a. [Lat. tenuis, thin.] 1.

Thin slender. 2. Rare subtile.
TEN'URE,ra. [Lat. tenere, to hold.] 1.
Act or right of holding, as real estate.
be many

dwelling-

There v.iay
House.
Syx.
houses under one roof, but they are completely separated from each other by partv-walls. A tenement may be detached
by itself, or it may be part of a house divided off for the use of a distinct family.

t.
[-ED; -ING.] To name; to
denominate,
[multuousness.

TEr'ma-gan-CY, n. Turbulence tuTEr'ma-gant, n. [Orig. a supposed

deity of the Mohammedans, very vociferous in the ancient moralities.] A
boisterous, brawling woman.
a.
;

Boisterous or furious

scolding.
Term'er, n. One who has an estate
for a term of years or for life.

Consideration or service given for

the use of land. 3. Manner of holding in general.
2.

TER'MEg, n.: pi. TER'MI-TEfjS.

[Lat.] A tropical species of ant very
destructive to wood.

[bounded.

Tr'mi-na-ble, a. Capable of being

TEr'mi-nal, a.
[Lat. terminuiic .}
See Term.] Pertaining to, or forming, the end.

TEr'mi-nate

v.

t.

[-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

See Term.] 1.
To put an end to-

terminate, -natum.

To

set a limit to. 2.

Sys.

v.

To complete;

finish; end.

To be limited; to stop
To end to close.
2_.
TEr'MI-na'tion, n. 1. Act of termi1.

i.

short.

rareness.

house often, an inferior dwellinghouse rented to poor persons.

or

experimental.
TEN'TER, n. [Lat. tendere, tentnm,
A frame for stretching
to stretch.]
v. t. To
cloth, by means of hooks.
try.]

fr.

to,

in the nature of, tentacles.

sents or expresses our thoughts and feel*

ings. Hence we speak of a scientific term
(not word), and of stating things in distinct terms, &c. Still, in a looser sense, it
is used to a great extent interchangeably
with word, for variety of expression.

Limit in space or extent.

3. End in time or existence. 4. Conclusion result. 5. Ending of a word.
TEr'mi-na'tion-ae, a. Pertaining
to, or forming, a termination.
nating.

2.

TEr'MI-NER,

n.

limit, end.]

terminer, to

[Fr.

determining.

TEr'MI-nol'O-gy,?!. [Lat. terminus,

term, and Gr. Aoyos, discourse.] 1.
Tep'e-fac'tion, n. Making tepid.
The doctriue of terms a treatise on
Tep'e-fy, v. t. [-ED -ING, 14i?.]
terms. 2. The terms actually used
Ten'et, m [Lat., he holds.] Any
[Lat. tepefacere ; tepere to be tepid,
in
any business, art, science, or the
opinion, principle, or doctrine, which
and facer e, to make.] To make modlike
nomenclature.
one holds or maintains as true.
[warm luke-warm.
erately warm,
TER'Ml-NTTS,
n.; pi. TER'MI-NT.

Dogma.
See
Syx.
TEP'ID. a. [Lat. tepidus.] Moderately
[Lat.] 1. A boundary.
2. Extreme
Te-pId'I-ty,
n. Moderate warmth
Ten'fold, a. Ten times as much.
point
at
either
end of a railway.
lukewarmness.
TEN'NIS, n. [Fr. tenez, hold or take Tep'id-ness,
TEr'mite, n.; pi. TERMITES. The
A play in which a ball is contin- Te'por, n. [Lat.] Gentle heat.
it.]
;

TER'A-PHtM,

ually kept in motion.

TEN'ON,n.

[Fr.,

from

tenir, to hold.]

of a piece of wood cut for insertion into a cavity in another piece.

-ING.] To fit for inr. t. [-ED
[tenons.
sertion into a mortise.
saw for cutting
Ten'on-saw, n.
TEN*OR, n. [Lat. tenor, fr. tenere, to
hold, i. e., a holding on in a continor
1. General drift
ued course.]
course of thought purport intent.

End

The higher kind of adult

male voice, (b.) One who sings tenor.
TENSE, a. [Lat. tendere, tensus, to
2.

(a.)

stretch.]
stiffness;

Stretched;

rigid. n.

strained

to

temps,
of a verb

[Fr.

[Heb. teraphim.]
n. pi.
Household deities or images.
Teece'-ma'jor, n. [See Tierce.]
sequence of the three best cards.
TER'E-BINTII, n.
[Gr. Tepe^ivOo?.]
The turpentine-tree.
[pentine.
Ter'e-bin'thine, a. Relating to turTE-RETE', <7.
[Lat. teres, teretis,
rubbed or rounded off; terere, to
rub.] Cylindrical and slightly tapering.
Tr'GI-VER-SA'TION, n. [Lat. tergiversatio ; tergum, the back, and versare, to turn.] 1.
shift; subterfuge;
evasion. 2. Fickleness of conduct.
[Lat. termen, and ter(14), n.

Term

A bound

Lat. tempus, time.] Form

indicating the time of action.
Tense'ness, n. State of being tense.
Ten'sile, a. [Lat. tendere, tensum, to
stretch.] Capable of extension.
TEN'siON, n. [Lat. tensio, fr. tendere,
to stretch.] 1. Act of stretching or
straining. 2. State of being stretched,
or degree of being bent or strained ;
hence, strong excitement of feeling.
Tent, n. [L. Lat. tenta, prop, something stretched out, fr. Lat. tendere,

or boundary
limit. 2. Any limited time. 3. Time
during which instruction is regularly
given to students. 4. Time in which
a court is held. 5. A word or expression, esp. one peculiar to an art. 6.
pi.
Propositions stated or promises
made conditions.

OR, DO, WOLF, TOO, TOOK. URN, RUE,

28

PULL

,*

minus.]

1.

Word.
Term, signifies a word
Syn
of specific meaning, applicable to a definite class of objects. It is therefore more
.

determinate and technical than word,

which denotes an utterance that repreI,

o, silent

white ant.

Tern,

See

Termes.

therna, sea-swallow,
An aquatic fowl.
[Lat. ternarius ; terni,
three each three.] Proceeding by
threes consisting of three.
Ter'race, n. [Lat. terra, the earth.]
n.

[Icel.

maid-servant.]

TR'NA-RY,

a.
;

A raised platform of earth, supported by a bank of turf. 2. Flat

roof of a house.
v.t. [-ED; -ING]
1.

To form

into a terrace.
Terra cotta. [It.] A kind of pottery

made from fine clay hardened by heat.

Ter'ra-pin, n. A kind of tortoise.

Ter-ra'QUE-oDs, a. [Lat. terra, the

earth, and aqua, water.] Consisting
of land and water, as the earth.
Ter-rene', a. [Lat. terrenus ; terra,
the earth.]
1. Pertaining
to
earth earthy. 2. Terrestrial.

the

Ter-RES'tri-al,
1.

2.

a.

[Lat. terrestris.]

Pertaining to the earth earthly.

Representing, or consisting of, the
3. Pertaining to the present
;

earth.
state.

Ter-res'tri-al-ly, adv. After an

earthly manner.
Ter'RI-BLE, a. [Lat. terribilis.] 1

c, G, soft; , S, hard}

AgJ EJIST

N.

as

NG THIS
;

TERRIBLENESS
Adapted

to excite terror, awe, or

2. Excessive
severe.
Syn. Fearful; formidable; awful.
TER'ri-ble-ness, n. Quality or state
of being terrible.
Ter'ri-bly, adv. 1. In a manner to
excite terror. 2. Very greatly.

dread.

Ter'ri-er,
[From Lat.

n.
terra,

row.

Ter-rif'I,

a.
[Lat. terrificus; terrere, to frighten,
facere, to make.] Causing, or
adaptedto cause, terror.
Ter'ri-fy, v. t.
[-ED; -ING, 142.]
To alarm with fear to frighten.

and

TER/RI-TO'RI-al,

a.

1.

Pertaining

to territory or land.
a certain district.

2.

Limited to

[Lat. territo(110), n.
riurn, fr. terra, the earth.] 1. Extent
of land within certain limits or jurisdiction.
2.
distant tract of land
belonging to a prince or state. 3.
In the United States, a portion of the

country not yet admitted as a State

into the Union, but organized with a
separate legislature, a governor, &c.
n.
[Lat.]
See Alakm.

Ter'ror-YM,

n.

Extreme

fear.

state of impress-

ing terror.

Terse

[Lat.
[-er -est.]
(14), a.
Eletersus, rubbed or wiped off.]
gantly concise or compact.

defined
Terse
Syn.
Concise.
was
by Johnson " cleanly written," i. e., free
from blemishes, neat, or smooth. Its
present sense is compact, with smooth;

ness, grace, or elegance, as in the following lines of Whitehead:

" In eight terse lines has Phaedrus told

(So frugal were the bards of old)
tale of goats; and closed with grace,
Plan, moral, all, in that short space."
It differs from concise in not implying
Eerhaps quite as much condensation,
ut chiefly in the additional idea of
" grace or elegance."

Terse 'ly, adv

Neatly

concisely.
TErse'ness. n. Neat conciseness.
Ter'tial, n. [Lat. tertius, third, because feathers of the third row.] One
of the large feathers near the junction of the wing with the body.
TEr'TIAN, a. [Lat. tertianus ; tertius,
the third.]
Occurring every third
day.
n.
fever whose paroxysms

return every third day.

TeR'ti-a-ry

[Lat.

(-shi-, 44, 95), a.

third.]
Of
; tertius, the
the third formation, order, or rank.
Ter'ti-ate (-shi-), v. t. [-ED -ING.]
To do for the third time.
TES'SEL-LATE, V. t.
[-ED -ING.]
tertiarius

[Lat. tessellare, from tessella, a little

cube, dim. of tessera, a square piece,

Gr. TeVcrepes, four.]

to squares or checkers.

To form

in-

Tes'sel-la'tion, n. Mosaic work.

Test, n. [Lat. testa, an earthen pot.]
A, E,

I,

Means of

2.

trial. 3.

4.

A standsubstance

any unknown
constituent of a compound.
Syn. Trial. Trial is the wider term
employed

detect

to

of Christianity, &c. Testimony is strictly

the evidence of a witness given under
oath; when used figuratively or in a
wider sence, the word testimony has still
a reference to some living agent as its
author, as when we speak of doing a
thing in testimony of our affection, &c.

a searching and decisive trial. It

derived from the Latin testa, which
term was early apnlied to the Jininy-pot
or crucible, in which metals are melted
for trial and refinement. Hence, the peculiar force of the word, as indicating a
trial or criterion of the most decisive
kind.
test is
is

Tes'ti-ness, n.
Tes-tu'di-nal,

Fretfulness.

a.
Relating to, or
resembling, the tortoise.

Teh-tu'do,

n.

[Lat.,fr. testa, shell

of shell-fish. 1 1. The tortoise. 2. A

cover or screen formed by troops with
their shields held over their heads.

v. t.
[-EU -ING.] To prove the TEs'ty, a.
[-er;-est, 142.]
[0.
truth or genuineness of by experiP'r. testu, fr. teste, the head.]
Fretment, or by some fixed principle or
ful
peevish petulant.
;

standard.

Test'A-BLE.

Te te-A-tete

[Lat. testabilis.]

a.

pable of being given by

Tes- ta'ce-a

(-she-),

Tes-ta'ceans,,

ered with shells

Ca-

Marine

animals cov-

shell-fish.

a.

[Lat.

(tat'a-taf), n.
[Fr.,
to head.]
1. Private conversation.
2.
sofa for two persons, so
curved as to bring them face to face.
TETtt'ER, n. [See TEDDER.] A rope

head

will.

n. pi.

Tes-TA'CEOUS,

or chain by which a beast

testareus

is

confined

v. t. [-ED -ING.] To
for feeding.
confine, as a beast, with a rope or
chain, for feeding within certain lim;

testa,

shell.]

ing, a hard,

Ter'ri-to-ry

fr.

Any

tion.

ard of comparison.

ground after animals that bur-

Syn.

1.

and examina-

trial

A
the earth.]
dog, remarkable
forgoing into the

Ter'ROR,

TEUTONIC

434
critical

'

continuous

TES'TA-MENT,
tum,

Consisting
n.

of,

or hav-

shell.

testamen-

[Lat.

its.

be a witness, to TET'RA-CHORD, n. [Gr. rtrpd\ophov,

make one's last will.] 1. An instrufrom rerpd\op&os, four-stringed.] A
ment in writing, by which a person
series of four sounds, of which the
fr.

testari, to

gives directions as to the disposal of

his property after death a will. 2.
One of the two general divisions of
the Scriptures.
[testament.
;

TES'TA-JIEHT'AL,

Pertaining to a
Pertaining
to, or given by, a testament or will.
a.

TES'TA-MENT'A-RY,

a.

extremes, or first and

tuted a fourth.

Tet'ra-gon,

n. [Gr.

will at death.

A woman who leaves

n.
will or testament.

TES TER,.
r

gle.]

canopy, as over a
pulpit or tomb, &c. 2. Top covering
of a bed. supported by the bedstead.
3. [0. Fr. teston, from teste, head,
the head of the king being impressed
skull.]

1.

flat

on it.] An old French silver coin.

TES'Tl-LE, n. [Lat. testiculus, dim.
of testis, a testicle.] A gland which
secretes the seminal fluid in males.
n.
Act of testifying,
[mony.
Tes'ti-fi'er, n. One who gives testiTes'ti-fy, v. i.
[-ed -ING, 142.]
[Lat. testificari ; testis, a witness,
and facere, to make.] To make a
solemn declaration
to establish
some fact to give testimony.
v. t.
To bear witness to to affirm or declare solemnly, or Tinder oath.
Tes'ti-ly, adv. In a testy manner.
Tes'ti-mo'ni-al, n. A certificate in

Tes'ti-fi-ga'tion,

favor of one's character or good conduct.

a.
Relating to testimony.

Tes'ti-mo-ny (50), n.
monium, from testari,

[Lat. testito testify, at-

A solemn

declaration made
2. Affirmato establish some fact.
tion.
3. Open attestati< n.
4. Witness proof of some fact.
evidence.
Syn.
Proof
Proof is
used more frequently as to facts and
things of common occurrence. Evidence
is more generally applied to that which,
is moral or intellectual; as, the evidences
1.

test.]

O, U,Y, long; A,E, 1,6,0, t, short;

'

A plane figure,

having four angles

a.

Having four angles

or sides.

Tet'ra-he'dral,

[Lat. testa, earthen pot,

-j

//

rerpdyutvov ; rerpa ,/
four, andywi/ia, an-

Tes'tate, a. Having left a will.

a quadrangle.
Tes-TA'tor, a. A man who leaves a Te-trXg'o-NAE,
Tes-ta'trix,

consti-

last,

Having four

a.

sides.

TET'RA-HE'DRON,
[Gr. rerpa, four, and
soleSpa, seat, base.]
id figure inclosed by
four triangles.
Tetrahedron.
Te-trXm'e-ter, n. [Gr.
rerpdfj.erpo<;, from rerpa, four, and
verse conp-erpov, a measure.]
sisting of four measures, or of four

feet.

TE'TKARH,

[Gr. rerpdpxy?, ren.

Tpapxos, from rerpa, four, and apxos,
governor of the
Roman
ruler.]
A
fourth part of a province.
Te-TRARH'ATE, ) n. Fourth part
of a province unTet'rarch-y,
)
der a Roman tetrarch.
[Gr.
Te-tras'tIH (-tras'tik), n.
rerpdo~rix ov > "rerpa, four, and cti^os, averse.] A stanza of four verses.
TET'RA-STYLE, . [Gr. rerpdo-rvkov;
rerpa, four, and arvkos, column.] A
building with four columns in front.
la. ConsistTet'ra-syl-lab'I,
of
ing
Tet/ra-syl-lab'kj-al, J
four syllables.

rerpa[Gr.
n.
TET'RA-SYL'LA-BLE,
rerpa,
trvAAa^o?, of four syllables
;

four,

and

(rvAAajS^, syllable.]

word

of four syllables.

TET'TER,
Tatter.]

n.

Teu-t6n'I,

Cf.
[A.-S. teter, tetr.
cutaneous disease.
Pertaining to the
a.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VIIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM s6N,
;

TEXT
Teutons, a people of ancient Germany, or to their descendants.
n. [Lat. textus, structure, context, fr. texere, to weave, compose.]
1. A composition on which a note or

TEXT,

commentary

written.
or passage of Scripture.

Text'-book,
struction

a.

to weave.]
ing woven,

verse

A manual

n.

of in[writing.

A large hand in
[Lat. tfxtilis; texere,
Woven, or capable of be-

TEXT'-HAND,
TEX'TlLE,

2.

is

a school-book,

n.

[ing.

Tex-to'ri-al, a. Pertaining to weavTEXT'U-AL, a. Pertaining to, or contained in, the text.

Text'(J-a-rist,

One well versed

in the Scriptures.
Contained in the
2. Serving as a text.
text.
Text'URE (53), n. [Lat. textura ; texere, to weave.] 1. A fabric formed by
Text'u-a-ry,
Text'u-A-ry,

weaving

n.

a.

1.

Connection of threads or
other slender bodies interwoven. 3.
Disposition of the several parts of any
body in connection with each other.

T-HXN,
See

2.

conj.

Then.]

[A.-S. tkanne, thenne.

particle expressing

comparison.

Thane, n.

An

Anglo-Saxon dignitary,

corresponding to baron.

Thank.

[Generally in the pi.] [A.S. thane, thonc, thought, thanks,

allied to thencean, thencan, to think,
remember.] Expression of gratitude.
[-ed; -ing.]
v. t.
To express
gratitude to for a favor.
.

THANK'FUL,

a. Disposed to acknowledge kindness received grateful.

Thank'ful-LY, adv. Gratefully.
Thank/ful-ness, n. State of being
thankful.
[grateful.
;

Thank/less, a. Unthankful; unThank/less-ness, n. Ingratitude.

Thanks'giv-er, n.
One who acknowledges a kindness.

Thanks'giv-ing,

n. 1. Act of giving
2.
Public celebration of
thanks.
divine goodness, or a day set apart
therefor.
[of gratitude.

An

Thank'-of'fer-ing,

Thank'-wor'thy
serving thanks

That

(128), pi.

n.
offering
(-wiir'thy), a. De-

meritorious.

THOSE.

miracle-worker.
. Act of perform-

ing something wonderful.

{-~e.o\ -ing.]
v. i.

Thaw,

[A.-S.
thawan, Icel. thama, to consume,
digest.]
1. To melt, as ice or snow.
2. To become so warm as to melt ice
and snow.
To cause to melt,
v. t.
as ice or snow.
n. The melting of
ice or snow, &c.
(128), definite article, or definitive
word placed
a.
[A.-S. the or se.]

THE

before nouns, and before adjectives

in the comparative and superlative
degree, and used to limit or qualify
the meaning more or less definitely.
THE'AR-CHY, n. [Gr. 6eapxCa., eos,
God, and ap\eiv, to rule.] Govern-

ment by God.
THE'A-TER, n. [Gr. Oearpov, from
THE'A-TRE, ) eeaa-Oai, to see.] 1. A
I

buildiug for dramatic performances

a playhouse. 2. Any room adapted
to the exhibition of any performance
before an assembly. 3. That which
resembles a theater in form or use.
THE-AT'RIC.
Pertaining to
a.
THE-AT'Rie-AL,
a theater, or to
resembling
scenic representations
the manner of dramatic performers.
The-at'rI-al-ey, adv. In a theat[performances.
rical manner.
;

used adjectively.
Goth, thatei, contr.

2.
fr.

[A.-S.

thaia

that,

and

ei,

that.]
conjunction, introducing a
clause, as the object of the preceding
verb, or introducing a reason or purpose, and sometimes a result.
Thatch, n. [A.-S. thac, thac] Straw
or other substance used to cover roofs
[-ed;-ing.] To
or stacks.
v. t.
cover with straw, reeds, or the like.
THATCH'ER, n. One who thatches.

Thau'MA-tur'gic,

a.

Exciting won-

der.

THAU'MA-TUR'GUS,

n.

Dramatic
The-at'ric-Als, n. pi.
The'ban, n. A native or inhabitant
wise
a.
man.
of Thebes; also, a

Of, or pertaining to, Thebes.

THEE, pron. ; objective case of Thou.
Theft, n.
[A.-S. theofdh.
See

proved, and passes on to the general conclusion. " Therefore, being justified by
" So,
faith, we have peace with God."
then, faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God."

Thence,

adv. [0. Eng. thenne, or

with the termination of a genitive,
thennes, thens. Cf. supra.] 1. From
that place. 2. From that time. 3.

For that reason.

[time.

From thai
Thence'forth, adv.
Tben^e-for'warb, adv. From tha6
time onward.

THE-OC'RACY,

n.
[Gr. OeoKptnia ;
eos, God, and Kparos, strength.] 1.
Government of a state by the immediate direction of God. 2. The state
thus governed.
Pertaining
The'o-crat'ic,
) a.
The'o-crat'ic-al, j toa theocracy.
The-od'o-lite, n. [Prob. either fr.
Gr. Oedo/xai, deai/j-ai, I see, or 6e<a, I
run, and fioAixds, long.] An instrument used for the accurate measurement of angles.
THE-OG'O-NY, n. [Gr. OeoyovCa; 0e6s,
a god, and yovrj, yo^os, yeVos, race,
birth.] The generation or genealogy
of heathen deities.
THE'O-LO'Gl-AN, n.
[Gr. 0eo\6yos ;
eos, God, and Aeyeiv, to speak.]
versed
in
theology
a divine.
One well
a. Pertaining to
THE'O-LOG'IC,
theology.
The'o-log'ic-AL,
The'o-log'ic-al-ly, adv. According to the principles of theology.
The-ol/o-gy, n. Science that treats
of the existence, character, and attributes of God, his laws and government, the doctrines we are to believe,
and the duties we are to practice.
;

Thief.] Act of stealing.

THE'INE, n. A bitter principle, ob- THE-OM'A-CHY, n.
[Gr. Oeofiaxia ;
tained from tea and coffee.
A
0e6s, a god, and i^a-xn, a battle.]

THEIR

[A.-S. thara,
(12), a. pron.
thsera, prop. gen. pi. of the, se.
See

That.]

Of them;

employed

in
adjective.

fighting against the gods.

The-OP'A-thy, n. [Gr. eos, God,

and 7rd0os, suffering, violent feeling.]

the sense of a pronominal

Capacity for religious affections or
the word qualified by it is
worship.
omitted, it has the form theirs ; and The-6r'BO, n. [Fr. theorbe,It. tiorba.]
may be the subject of a verb, or the
A musical instrument made like a
object of a verb or preposition.
large lute, but with two heads.
THE'ISM, n. [Gr. eos, God.] Belief THE'O-REM, n. [Gr. 6euipnp.a, from
or acknowledgment of the existence
6euipelv, to look at.] 1. A principle
of a God.
a rule. 2. A statement of a principle
The '1ST, n. One who believes in the
to be demonstrated.
existence of a personal God.
The'o-rem-at'ic, a. Pertaining to,
The-ist'ic,
a. Relating to theor comprised in,
THE'o-REm'ie,
\
The-IST'ic-AL, f ism, or to a theist.
a theorem.
TflEM, pron. ; objective case of They.
1. Pertaining

When

[A.-S.

1.

m.,the6, sed, 1'., that.] A pronoun referring usually to something

before mentioned or understood, or
often
to something more remote
the, se,

Tovp-yos,

wonder, and epyeiv, to work.]

Thau'ma-tur'gy,

[A.-S. tkegen, thegn, then,

a servant of a king, a nobleman, a

soldier.]

THEORY

435

[Gr. 6a.vix.a-

wonder-working

T-HEME,

n. [Gr. 0e>a,fr. TifleVat, to set,

place.] 1.
subject or topic on which

one writes or speaks.

2.

short dis-

verb in its primary

state, not modified by inflections.
T-HEM-SELVEg', pron. ; pi. of Himself, Herself, or Itself.
'Men, adv. [A.-S. thonne, thanne,
thenne. Cf. THAN.] 1. At that time.
2. Soon afterward.
3. Therefore. 4.
At another time.
conj.
In that
case in consequence.
Syn. Therefore. Both these words
are used in reasoning
but therefore
sertation.

3.

takes the lead, while then is rather subordinate or incidental. Therefore states
reasons and draws inferences in form
then, to a great extent, takes the point as
;

6avfx.a,

6r, do, wolf, TOC^TCfoK*, URN, rue, pull; E,

J,

O, silent; c, &,sqft;

The'o-ret'ic,
The'o-ret'ic-al,
ing on, theory

a.

to, or

speculative.

depend2.

Un-

[theory.

practical,

The/o-ret'ic-al-ly, adv. In or by
The'o-rist, n. One given to theory.
The'o-rize', v. i. [-ED; -ING.]
form theories to speculate.

To

The'o-riz'er, n. One who theorizes.

THE'O-RY, n. [Gr. 6e<apia, fr. 0e<ope>T

1. Speculation.
2. An
to look at.]
exposition of the general principles
of any science. 3. The science distinguished from the art. 4. Philosophical explanation of phenomena.
Hypothesis.
Syn.
A hypothesis is,
literally, a supposition, and is brought
forward to account for certain phenom_

,&, hard; Ag; Exist; n as ng; this.

THEOSOPHIC
rests for its

it

a magnetic virtue in the sun and moon

theory does it by deducing them from
the known laws of gravitation.
;

The'O-SOPH'IC,

The-os'o-phist,

ft.

Pertaining

a.

Tuii'o-soPH/i-e-AL, )
'j?he-6s'o-phism, n.
a process of it.

to theosophy.

Theosophy, or

One addicted

The-(5s'0-PHY, n. [Gr. 0eo<ro$ta, fr.

eo?, God, and <ro</>6s, wise.] A direct, as distinguished from a revealed,
knowledge of God, thought to be attained by extraordinary illumination.
[Gr. 0epaa.
I

7reUTi/cos, fr.

PerOepairevetv, to serve, to heal.]

taining to the healing art curative.
;

Ther'a-peu'tigs, n.sing. That part

of medicine which respects the use
of remedies for diseases.

TfiERE

THIRST

Electricity developed by the action

of heat.

THER-MOM'E-TER,

[Gr.

n.

Oep/xr),

and /u.e'rpoi', measure.] An instrument to measure temperature.

heat,

adv.

[A.-S. thser, thcr.]

Theresa-bout', \adv. l.Nearthat

Theue'a-bouts', } place. 2. Near
that number, degree, or quantity

[afterward.
After that;
that place.

nearly.

There-aft'er,

adv.

There -at',

adv. 1. At
2. On that account.
There-by', adv. By that; by that
means in consequence of that.
There-for', adv. For that, or this.
T-HERE'FORE (theV- or tbur 7 -), conj.
& adv. [From there and for.] 1. For
that or this reason. 2. Consequently.
3. In return for this or that.
;

Syn. See Then.

There-from', adv.

From

this or

that.

[that place.
TflERE'lN-TO', adv. Into that, or
T-HERE-OF' (ther-Sff' or ther-ov', 71),
adv. Of that or this.
Trere-on', adv. On that or this.
There-out', adv. Out of that or this.
There-to', adv. To that or this.

time, or thing.

of being thievish.

1.

[Lat.]
A treasuapplied to a dictionary
or_ cyclopedia, &c.
These, pron. ; pi. of This.

THE-SAU'RUS,n.
ry

often

[Gr. flecris,
ft. ; pi. THE'SES.
1. A propTiOevcu, to place, set.]
osition which a person advances and
offers to maintain, or which is main-

THE'SIS,
fr.

tained by argument.

upon a specific theme.

THES'PI-AN, a. [From

2.

An

essay

Thespis, the

founder of the Greek drama.]

Re-

lating to tragic acting.

Pertaining to
THE-UR'GlG,
a.
theurgy.
THE-UR'GIG-AL,
THE'UR-GY,ft. [Gr. 0eovpyia ; Geo?,
God, and epyeiv, to work.] Among the

Egyptian Platonists, a supposed

abili-

by means of certain

acts, words,
the gods to impart sepowers
crets surpassing the
of reason
and to render themselves visible.
(thu), n. [A.-S. theaw.] Muscle
or strength. nerve brawn.
THEY,ro. [A.-S. tha.] The plural
of He, She, or It.
Thick, a. [-er; -est.] [A.-S. thicce.
ty,

&c,

to

move

Thew

Of.

TIGHT.]

Dense; not thin.

1.

Not transparent or clear. 3.

Close or crowded in space. 4. Measuring in general dimension other than
length. 5. Deeper from one surface
to its opposite than usual. 6. Somewhat deaf. 7. Intimate familiar.
Thickest part, or time when any
ft.
thing is thickest.
adv. 1. Fast
quick. 2. Closely. 3. To a great depth.
ThIck'sn, v. t. or ?'. [-ed; -ing.]
To make or become thick.
2.

There-1'n', adv. In that or this place,

Given to stealing

1.

2T" There is used to begin sentences,

or before a verb, without adding essentially to the meaning.

a.

2. Acting by stealth
sly
secret.
THiEV'lSH-LY^atfr. By theft.
Thiev'ish-ness, ft. State or quality

(12),

In that place.

Thiev'ish,

Pertain- Thigh (thl), n.

THER'MO-MET'RIC,
a.
[A.-S. thedh.] The
ing to, or
Ther'mo-met'ri-al,
thick, fleshy portion of the leg above
the knee.
made by means of, a thermometer.
THER'MO-SGOPE, n. [Gr. 0epja6s,hot, THILL, . [A.-S. thile, thill, allied to
Eng. deal.] A shaft of a carriage.
and o-Koirelv, to view.] Any instrument for indicating changes of tem- THlM'BLE, ft. [Prob. a dim. oUhvmb.]

perature.
to

theosophy.

THER'A-PEU'TIC,
THER'A-PEU'TIC-AL,

..

436

proof solely on the

fact that it explains the phenomena.
Theory is a deduction from established
truths, from which it follows as a necessary consequence. Hypothesis might attempt to explain the tides by assuming

ena

;,
;

Thick'en-ing,
Thick'et,

Something put

ft.

into a liquid or

mass

thicken it.
collection of trees or
to

finger,
finger.

kind of metallic cap for the

used in sewing to protect the

Any

2.

pendage or

thiuible-sh;TjeJ ap>
fixture.
n.
kind of

Thim'ble-ber/ry,
black raspberry.

Tui'M'BLE-RiG,

sleight-of-hand
trick played with three small cupa

and a ball.
Thin, a. [-NER

ft.

-NEST.] [A.-S. thynne, thin, allied to thtnian, to extend.]

1. Having little thickness.
2. Rare
not dense. 3. Not close not crowded. 4. Not full or well grown. 5.
Lean; gaunt. 6. Slight; flimsy.
adv. Not thickly or closely
in a
;

scattered state.

v.

To make

NING.]

Thine, pronominal
orig. gen. of thu or

longing to thee

ThIng,

t. or i.
"[-ned
or become thin.

[A.-S.

a.
t/tii,

thin,

thou.]

Be-

thy.

[A.-S. thing, thincg, allied

to tkingan, to become heavy.]
1.
Whatever exists or is conceived to
exist, as a separate being, whether
ft.

animate or inanimate.

2.

Any

ob-

ject viewed as merely existing.

v. i.
[thought think[A.-S. thencean, thynceav,
ing.]
thynr.an.]
To employ any of the intellectual powers except sense and

Think,

perception.

Syn.
To expect guess ; reflect
ponder; contemplate; meditate; muse;
imagine; suppose; believe. See Expect.

To imagine. 2. To plan or
To believe to consider.
One who thinks.
Thi'nk'ing, p. a. Having the faculty
V.

1.

t.

design.

3.

Think'er,

ft.

of
thought.
judgment.

Imagination

ft.

Think'ing-LY, adv. By thought.

Thin'ly, adv. In a thin, scattered

shrubs closely

set.
manner.
Somewhat thick.
Thin'ness (109), ft. State of being thin
Unto that or ThI'ck'ly, adv. In a thick condition ThIn'-skjnn.ed. a. 1. Having a thin
[being thick.
or manner.
this
thereto.
skin. 2. Sensitive; irritable.
Trere'up-on', adv. 1. Upon that ThIck'NESS, ft. Quality or state of Third (18), a. [A.-S. thridda. See
Three.] 1. Next after the second.
or this. 2. In consequence of that. Thick'set, a. 1. Close planted. 2.
Having a short, thick body.
3. Immediately.
2. Being one of three equal parts
There-w'ith' (-with' or -with', 99), Thick'-skule, ft. Dullness, or a dull
n
into which any thing is divided.
person
parts. 2.
adv. With that or this.
1. One of three equal
[A.-S. thedf, thidf,
The'ri-ac, n.
[Gr. O-qpiaKos, good Thief (149), ft.
Sixtieth part of a second. 3. (Mus.)
the/.]
One who secretly and feloniagainst the poison of animals, from
Interval of a tone and a semitone,
ously takes the goods or personal
Orjpiov, a beast.]
An ancient compoembracing three diatonic degrees of
property of another.
sition, esteemed efficacious against
the scale. 4. pi. The third part of
poison.
an estate, which the widow is entiSyn. Robber. A thief takes our
The'ri-Xc,
\ a.
Pertaining to
tled by law to enjoy during her life.
property by stealth; & robber attacks us
openly, and strips us by main force. Third'EY, adv. In the third place.
The-ri'ac-AL, [
theriac
mediciThe robber braves the laws; the thief en- ThTrst
The'ri-al,
nal.
)
(18), v. i. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S.
them.

There-un'to,

Thick'ish,

a.

adv.

Ther'MAL,

[Gr.
Oepfxai, hot
springs.] Pertaining to heat warm.
Thf.r'mo-e/leg-tb.Tc'1-ty, n. [Gr.
a.

Qepixos,

hot,

and Eng.

electricity.]

A, E, 1,5, V, Y,foftgvX,E,I,6,U,Y

theft

-ing.]

To practice

[theft.
to steal.
. Practice of stealing

THIF V'ER-Y,

sA0'-t)

deavors to evade

Thieve, r.?'. [-ed;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

thyrstan, allied to Goth, thairsnn, to

1. To experience a painful
sensation of the throat, or fauces,
for want of drink.
2. To have a

be dry.]

ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM; s6n,

THIRSTER
A

kHIrst'er, n. One who thirsts.

fHlRST'l-LY, adv. In a thirsty manner

with

thirsty

Thor'ough-bred
2.

&

twelfth. 2. Being one of thirteen

equal parts into which any thing is
divided.
n.
One of thirteen equnl
parts into which any thing is divided.
Thir'ti-eth. a. 1. Next after the
twenty-ninth. 2. Being one of thirty
equal parts into which a thing is divided.
n. One of thirty equal parts.

THiR'TY,

& n

a.

[0. "Eng.

passage through

Yery_thorough

Eng.

teasel.']

merous prickly

One

plants.

of nu-

[thistles.

This'TLY

(thls'ly), . Overgrown with

THiTH'ER,a</i\*[A.-S. thider, tkyder.
See That.] 1. To that place. 2. To

that point or result.

Srx. There

Tldther denotes motion toward a place; there denotes rest

in a place as, I am going thither, and
;

shalL

meet you

But

there.

thither lias

now become

obsolete, except in poetry,

or a style purposely conformed to the
past, and hence there has taken the place
of thither ; as. I shall go there to-morrow;
we shall go there together.

Thith'er-ward,

State
a.

Syx. Although. These words

(thawt), n.
[A.-S. theaht,
thencean, thencan, to
think.] 1. Act of thinking reflecmeditation. 2. That which is
tion
thought. 3- A small degree or quantity.
v., imp. & p. p. of Think.
Thought'ful (thawt'-), a. 1. Employed in meditation. 2. Having the
mind directed to an object. 3. Favorable to meditation.
Considerate.
Svn.
He who is ha;

bitually thoughtful rarely neglects his

duty or his true interest; he who is considerate pauses to reflect and guard him-

One who

self against error.

is

not

thoughtful by nature, if lie can be made

considerate, will usually be guarded
against serious mistakes.

a.

familiar term
the latter is employed
only in the higher kinds of style. We
are threatened with a drought ; the
;

country

is

menaced with war.

Threaten, v.

t.

[-ed

-ing.] [A.-S.

threatian, to urge, threaten.] 1. To

hold up to the expectation of evil
to menace. 2. To exhibit the appearance of something evil or unpleasant
v. i.
as approaching to.
To use
threats.
[threat.

dif-

from

tko/U,

hackneyed.

Like thread.
[See infra.] Declaration
of an intention to inflict punishment, loss, or pain, on another.
Menace. Threat is the more
Svn.

one respect; although is the

stronger and more emphatic of the two,
and is therefore usually chosen to begin
a sentence, as, " Although I have many
competitors, I still hope to succeed." See

While.

2. Trite

off.

Thread'y,
Threat, n.

fer only in

Thought

1.

However.

small twist of flax,

wool, cotton, silk, or the like, drawn
out. 2. A filament. 3. The promiv. t.
nent spiral part of a screw.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To pass a thread
2. To pass
through the eye of.
through, as a narrow channel.
Thread'bare, a. 1. Having the nap
to twist.]

worn

75), adv. & conj. [A.-S.

thch.]
1. Granting;
admit-

2.

[From Thraso,

a.

a braggart soldier in Terence's

" Eunuch. r ] Braggart boastful.
THREAD, n. [A.-S. thrsed, fr. thrawan,

Though (tho,
tliea.li,

To beat soundly.
One who thrashes

Thra-SON'I-AL,

etical style:

ting.

n.

Threat'en-ing,^.
Syn.

Three,

Indicating a

a.

See Isimixent.

[A.-S. thri, allied to

or n.
Lat. tres, Skr. tri.] Two and one.
Three'-decr/er, n. A vessel of
war, carrying guns on three decks.
Three'fold, a. Consisting of three,
or thrice repeated.
Threepence (thrip/ens),n. A small
silver coin worth three pennies.
Three'pen-ny
(thrlp/en-ny),
a.
Worth three pence only; hence,
a.

poor; mean.

Three'-ply,

a.
[From ply, a fold.]
Consisting of three distinct webs inAvrought together in weaving.
Three'sgore, a. Thrice twenty
;

n.

[A.-S. thol.] A pin in the

to confine the oar

in rowing.
n.
[A.-S. thivang, thwong,
Ir. 0. Sax. thuingan, to press, force.]
strap of leather, for fastening any

thing.

[thorax.

Tho-rac'I,

Tho'ral,
couch.]

Tho'rax

a.
Pertaining to the
[Lat. t/wrus, torus, a
a.
Pertaining to a bed.
[Gr. 0wpa.] Por(89), n.

tion of the trunk between the neck

and abdomen the chest.
;

Thought'ful-ly

n. [A.-S.]

1.

sharp,
;

Sharp pricking.
vexatious.
THOR'OUGH(thi1r/ o).rt. [A.-S. thimth,
thurh.
See THROUGH.]
Passing
through or to_the end complete.
Full of thorns.

Troublesome

2.

THOpGHT'FUL-NESS

(thawt/-),
n.
State or quality of being thoughtful.
(thawt'-), a. Lacking

or free from thought

careless.
(thawt/-), adv.
carelessly.
Thought'less-ness, n. State or

Thor'ough-base

(thur'o-), n.

wolf, TOO, XOOC j

Thought'less-ly
Without thought

quality of being thoughtless.

THOU'SAND, a or n. [A.-S thUsend,
Goth, thusundi, fr. thus, for tigus,
tnilmn, teu, and hund, hundred.]
.

xty.
n.

[Gr. OpyvuSia; dpr)-

and

vos, lamentation,

song of lamentation

a song.]
a dirge.

o>St;,
:

Thresh, v. t. See Thrash.

Thresh'er, n. A thrasher.
Thresh'OLD, n. [A.-S. threscwald^
prob. fr. threscan, to rhrash, and
wald, wood.] 1. A door-sill hence,
entrance, door. .2. Place or point of
entering or beginning; outset.
(thru), imp. of Throw.
Thrice, adv. [0. Eng. thries, from
;

Threw

Ten hundred.

three.]

Three times.

Thou'sandth, a.

[-ded -ding.] [From

1. Next after nine ThrId, f. (.
thread, v. t.] To slide through, by
hundred and ninety-nine. 2 Being one of a thousand equal parts
a narrow passage to thread.
into which anything is divided.
[From thrive.]
n. Thrift, n.
1. A
thriving state or condition. 2. SucOne of a thousand equal parts.
;

si

Thre'n'O-DY,

THOUGHT'EESS

woody

shoot from a tree or shrub a spine.

A tree or shrub armed with spines.
3. Any thing troublesome.
THORN'Y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] 1.

In

(thawt'-), adv.

a thoughtful manner.

2.

OR, do,

(thur'o-), n.

THONG,

3.

a.

Fully

(thur/o-wQrt), n.
Amedicinal plant boneset.
Those, pron. ; pi. of That.
THOU, pron. [A.-S. tlui, thu.] The
second personal pronoun, in the sing,
number
used in the solemn or po-

gunwale of a boat,

Thorn,

o-),a<^y.

Th6r'6ugh-\vort

placei

Thole,

or quality of being thorough.

Toward that

adv.

(thur'o-),

complete.

Tiior'ough-pac.ed (thur'o-pust),
Perfect in what is undertaken.

2.

Thrash'er,

entirely; completely.

tkritty,

[A.-S. thislel,

n.

(thTs'sl),

Thor'ough-ness

to

1.

n.

(thur'o-),

TH6R'ouGH-LY(thur

m., theos, f. this, n.] A pronoun or

pronominal adjective, denoting something present or near in place or time,
or something just mentioned, or just
about to be mentioned.
allied

a.

a frequented street.

Thor'ough-go'ing

A.-S. thrUig.] Three times ten.

This, pron. ; pi. these. [A.-S. thes,

THis'TLE

(thuVo-),

Ccmipletely accomplished.

Thor'ough-fare

ThIrst'y,

[-ed;-ing.] [A.-S.
v. t.
thriscan, threscan.]
1. To beat out

grain from.
grain.

Bred from the best blood, as horses.

a.
[-ER; -est, 142] 1.
Feeling a distressing sensation from
want of drink. 2. Deficient in moisture; dry; parched. 3. Having a vehement desire of any thing.
n. [A.-S. threotynp,
ThIr'TEEN a.
fr. thri, m., three, and tyn, ten, ten.]
Ten and three.
ThIr'teenth, a. 1. Next after the

ThrSsh,

a carriage.

of being

State

n.

thirst.

resentation of chords by figures

placed under the base.
(thuVo-), n. A
leather strap supporting the body of

Thor'ough-brace

thirst.

THRIFTINESS

437

rehement desire.
n.
1.
The deire or suffering occasioned by want
want and eager deof drink. 2.
sire after any thing.

Thirst'I-ness,

;;

THRALL,

n.

[A.-S.

thral,

thrall,

fr.

thrdla to serve drudge ] 1 A slave

a bondman.
2. Slavery
bondage.
Thrall'dom, n. Slavery bondRep- Thral'DOM,
age; servitude.

fJKH, RUE,

pull

JE, I,

o, silent

cess in the acquisition of property.

thrifty manner.
Thrift'i-ness, n. State or quality
of being thrifty.

ThrIft'I-ly, adv. In a

c, G, soft; , G,

hard; Ag J EIST ;

N,

as

NG THIS
;

THRIFTLESS
Thrift'less,

Not

a.

thrifty

thriving.

not

[thriftless.

Thrift'less-ness, n. State of being

ThrIft'y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] 1.
Given to, or evincing, thi-ift. 2.
Thriving by industry and frugality.
3. Growing rapidly as a plant.
,

Syn.

Frugal;

Shrill,

v.

sparing; economical.

[-ed; -in&.]

t.

[A.-S.

thyrhelian, thyrlian. See DRILL.] 1

To bore to drill. 2. To affect, as
if by something that pierces, pricks,
v. i.
or causes a tingling sensation.
1.
To penetrate esp. to cause a
tingling sensation that runs through
;

the system. 2. To feel a sharp,

n. 1. A drill.
shivering sensation.
2. A warbling
a trill. [See TRILL.]
3. A thrilling sensation.
Thrive, v. i. [-ed; -ed or -en:
-ING.] [Icel. tkr'ifa, to care, thrifuz,

to grow, flourish, A.-S. t/irajian, to

urge, allied to Eng. drive.]
1.
To

prosper by industry and good management. 2. To grow 'vigorously, as

a plant.

THRiy'ER,

Throat

One who

n.

(20),

n.

thrives.

[A.-S.

throle.]

1.

Portion of the neck anterior to the

spinal column. 2. Passage into the
lungs or the stomach.
Throb, v. i. [-bed; -bing.] [Prob.
contr.fr. throw up.] To beat forcibly,
as the heart or pulse to palpitate.
n. A strong pulsation a palpitation.
THROE, n. [A.-S. thred, chiding, afflic-

Extreme pain

tion.]

anguish

esp.,

the_ anguish of travail in childbirth.

n.
[Gr. 0p6vos, allied to
chair of state,
Bpavos, a bench.]

Throne,

commonly a royal seat.

-ING.] 1. To enthrone.

v.

t.

[-ED

2. To exalt.
[A.-S., fr. thringan, to
press]
multitude of people pressing or pressed into a close body.

Throng,

n.

Syn.

Multitude; crowd. Any great

number of persons form a multitude; a

throng is a large number of persons who
press together into a. collective body; a
crowd is a mass of persons who press
so closety together as to bring their
bodies into immediate contact.

v.

[-ed -ING.] To crowd

i. or t.
together to press, as persons.
ThrSs'tle (thros'l), n. [A.-S.] See
;

n.

TICKET

438
THU'RI-BLE

as to form one thread. 3. To overv. i.

To perturn in wrestling.
n.
form the act of casting; to cast.
2. A
1. Act of hurling or flinging.
cast of dice. 3. Distance which a
missile is or may be thrown.
Throw'er, n. One who throws.
ThrSw/ster, n. One who throws or

(30), n. [Lat. thuribulum,

thuris, frankincense.]
A
censer of metal, for burning incense.

from thus,

TllU-RlF'ER-OUS,

a.
[I,at. thurifer ;
thus, thuris, frankincense, and ferre,
to bear.] Producing frankincense.
Thu'ri-fi-ca'tion, n.
[Lat. thus,
thuris, frankincense, and facere, to
make.] Act of burning incense.
ThOrs'day, n. [Orig. consecrated to

twists silk.
[Icel. thrcm, edge, lip.]
n.

ThrDm,
1.

One of

threads.

2.

the ends of weaver^

coarse yarn.
v.

Any

thruma, to groan, thunder.]

To play rudely or monotonously on
v.
an instrument with the fingers.
t. [-MED; -MING.] 1. To insert tufts
2. To play, as an instrument,
in.
in a rude or monotonous manner.
?'.

[Icel.

THRlJSH,

n.

[A.-S.

small singing bird.

thrysce.]
2.

[From

THRUSTTlIRtJST, V. t. [THRUST
ING.] [Icel. thrista, to force, urge.]
To push with force to drive or impel.
v. i. To attack with a pointed
weapon.
n. 1. A violent push. 2.
Outward pressure, as of an arch
against its abutments.
;

TmrOst'er. n. One who thrusts.

Thug, n. [Hind, thag, a deceiver,
robber.] One of a Hindoo sect who
practiced murder stealthily and from
religious motives.
(thum), n. [A.-S. thuma or
tkHma.] The short, thick finger of
[-ED -ING.; 1.
the hand.
v. t.

Thumb

2.

To

wear with the thumb or the

soil

or

name

worn

of an ornament
in the breastplate of the Jewish

high

priest.

ThDmp,

n.
[An onomatopoeia.] Sudden fall of a heavy weight or the
sound made by it.
[-ed;
v. t.
-ING.] To strike or beat with something thick or heavy, -^v. i.
To
strike or fall with a heavy blow.

machine for spin- THGN'DER, n. [A.-S. thunor, thunder.]

The sound which follows lightning wool, cotton. &c.
1.

Thrush.

Throt'TLE,
To choke

n. [Dim. of throat.]

v.t.ovi.

windpipe.

to strangle

The

[-ed; -ing.]

to suffocate.
(throb, 21), prep. [A.-S.
thurh, thuruh.]
1. From end to end
of, or from side to side of.
2. Ey
;

Through
weans
1

4.

of.

adv.

1.

other.

Over the whole extent

3.

of.

ning. 2. Auy loud noise.

nunciation published.
v. i.

3.
'

De-

[-ED

-ING.] 1. To rattle or roar, as an explosion of electricity. 2. To make a

loud noise of some continuance.
To emit with noise and terror.
v. t.
Thun'DER-BOLT, n. 1. A shaft of

lightning. 2. Ecclesiastical denunFrom beginning to end.

fulmination.
ciation
From one end or side to the
ThOn'der-clap, n. Sudden report
2. From beginning to end.
;

Through-out'
through

Quite
adv. In

(thro~o-), prep.

in every part of.

of an explosion of electricity.
Thun'der-ER,. One who thunders.

n.
A shower
accompanied with thunder.
n.
A storm with
lightning and thunder.
twist, turn, throw.] 1. To fling or cast
Struck
in any manner to propel. 2. To twist Thun'der-strDck, p. a.
dumb with amazement astonished.
two or more filaments of, as silk, so

Thun'der-shower.

every part

Throw,

v.

t.

[threw; thrown;

THROWING.]

[A.-S.

thrawan, to

ThDn'der-storm,

I, E,

I,

0,V,Y, long; A,E,I,6,

t),

, short;

[A.-S. ihweorh, thweoi

Of. Queer.]
Across something else transverse.
v.t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. Tomoveacross.
2. To cross, as a purpose
hence, to
frustrate.
n.
Seat of a boat on
a.

athwart.

which the rowers

[ship.

sit.

Thwart'-ships, adv.

Across
[Abbrev. fr. thine.]
thee, or belonging to thee.

T^av ','pron

THYME

the

Of

(tun), n.

Lat. tlnjmuw

thymus, Gr. Gvfxov, #i'/uos, fr. 0i5eii>. to

sacrifice, to smell.]
pungent aroniatic plant.
[th\me; fragrant.
Thym'Y (tlm'y), a. Abounding in
THY'ROID, a. [Gr. flvpeoeto^s, shieldshaped. J Resembling a shield.
|

An

Thy-self', pron.

emphasized

lorm of Thou.
Tl-A'RA,n. [Gr. tv1. A sort of
hat with a high
crown, worn by the

dpa.]

fingers.

(thQm'skru), n.
A
screw having the head flattened in
the direction of its length.
ThOmb'-STALL (thum'-), n. A kind
of thimble of iron or leather, for
protecting the thumb.
THUM'MlM,7\.pl. [See URIM.] Per-

ThOmb'-screw

fections;

oblique,

throat.

To handle awkwardly.

A THWART,

1.

thrust.]

Minute ulcers in the mouth and

Thor, the god of thunder.]

Fifth
day of the week.
[A.-S.] 1. In this or that
manner. 2. To this degree so.
Thwack, v. t. [-eu; -ing.] [A.-S.
thaccian, to touch gently, to stroke.]
To strike with something flat or
heavy.
n. A heavy blow a thump.

TUS, adv.

ancient
Persians.
2. The pope's triple

crown
TlB'l-A, v.

[Lat.]

The shin-bone.
TiB'I-AL, a.

Per-,
taining to the large
Tiara (2).
bone of the leg. 2.
Pertaining to a pipe or flute.
1l, n. [See infra.] An habitual convulsive motion of some of the muscles of the face.
1.

Tic-douloureux

(tTk'do~o-loo-

[Fr., fr. tic, a knack, and

douloureux, painful.] Neuralgia in
the face.
TICK, v. 1. [Prob. abbrev. fr. ticket.]

rob'), n.

Credit; trust. 2. [Fr. tique, D.teek.]

A little insect that infests sheep,
dogs, cows, &c. 3. [Lat. theca, case,
Cover or case of a bed.
Gr. 07jK7).]
4. A. kind of cloth, for making such
5. The beat of a watch or
a cover.
6. Any small mark to direct
clock.
attention. v. i. [-ED -ING.] 1.
;

To go on

make a
clock

credit.

2.

To

trust.

3.

To

small noise, as a watch or

[ing.
to click.
TIck'en, n. Cloth for bed-ticks tickTIck'ET, n. [For sticket, fr 0. Fr. esticquetle, a label, ticket, small pointed piece of wood, fr. L. Ger. stikke,
a tack, peg.]
small piece of paper
serving as a notice, certificate, or
;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL*

TRM PIQUE FIRM;

J

SON,

439
cask holding
one third of a pipe, or 42 wine gallons. 2. A certain thrust in fencing.
tins, the third.]

making
TlCK'LE

[From

n.

tick.]

Cloth for

bed-ticks.
V.

(tlk'l),

[-ED; -ING.]

t.

[Dim. of tick, to beat, pat.]

1. To
touch lightly, so as to cause a pecul2. To please
iar thrilling sensation.
slight gratification.
v. i.
To
feel, or to excite the sensation of, tit-

by

illation.

TlCK'LER,

One who

n.

tickles.

TlCK'LISH,

a.
1. Easily tickled.
2.
Liable to totter and fall at the slightest touch.
3. Critical.
Tick'lish-ness, n. State or quality
of being ticklish.
TlD'AL, a. Pertaining to tides ; periodically rising and falling.
[sel.
TiD'BlT, n.
delicate or tender niorTlDE, n. [A.-S. tirj, for tlhadh, time.]
1. The alternate rising and falling

[Fr.]
n.
The third estate, or commonalty ;
so called as inferior to the nobles and
clergy.
[France.]
Tiff, n. [Allied to tip, with reference
to pouring liquor from one vessel in1.
to another.]
small draught of
liquor.
2. A fit of peevishness.
T'If'fa-ny, n. [Cf. 0. Fr. tiffe, ornament.] A species of gauze.
Tl'GER,n. [Or. tiypis.]

n.

lock situated be-

tweeu an entrance-basin and a canal,

harbor, or river.

Tidej'-man

(150), n.

An

officer

TlDE'-WAlT'ER,

An

n.

officer

who

watches the landing nf goods.

Tl'Dl-LY, adi: With neat simplicity.
Ti'DI-ness, n. State of being tidy.
Tl'DiNGg, n. pi. [A.-S. tlrlian, to happen. Eng. betide, fr. tide.] Account
of what has taken place, and was
not before known.
Syn.

News. The

term news denotes recentintelli^ence from any quarter; the term tidings denotes intelligence
expected from a particular quarter,

showing what

lias

there betidea.

may

[-er; -est, 142.]

tide, time.]

neat
V.

Arranged in gooi order

cleanly.

[From

n.

cover for the

sofa, &c.

t.

[TIED

TYING,

TlGHT'-EN (flt'n),
To draw tighter

1'.

Tight'ly

(tTt'ly),

maimer;

closely.

Tight'ness

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

to straighten.

In a tight

adv.

n. Quality or condition of being

closeness
tight
_compactness.
[taloous.
Tights (tits), n. pi- Close-fitting panTl'GRESS, n. The female of the tiger.
(tit'-),

[Armor, tick, a housekeeper,

a house.]
1. A countryman or clown. 2. [Icel. tik.] A
dog a cur.
n.

farmer,

proper

Trunk of a

2.

tree.

3.

A
for

To

fr. ti,

kind of

Time,

n.
[A.-S. tima, for tlhama, fr.
tlhan, to say.] 1. A particular period

or part of duration. 2. An opportunity.

3. Duration of one's life.
Age period. 5. Repetition: 6. pi.
State of things at a particular period.
7- The present life.
8. Measure of
-ing.]
sounds; tone.
v. t. [-ed
1. To adapt to the occasion.
2. To
regulate as to time.
3. To ascertain the time or rate of.
Time'-keep'er, n. A clock or watch.
TlME'LI-NESS, n. Seasonableness.
4.

TIME'LY,
Early

in

[-er; -est, 142.] Being

time; seasonable.
adv.

a.

good

in

good season.

Time'-piece, n. A clock or watch.

Time'-sErv/er, n. One who suits his
TlL'BU-RY, n. [Prob. fr. Tilbvryfort,
opinions and manners to the times.
in Essex, Eng.] A two-wheeled car- TlME'-sfiRvaNG, a.
Obsequiously
;

riage, without a top or cover.

[Lat. tegula, fr. tegere,
n.
cover.] 1.
plate of slate-stone
of baked clay, for covering roofs,
hat.
for floors, drains, &c. 2.

TILE,

complying with
to

times, or the

or
or

er.

v.

J. [-EP -ING.] To cover with tiles.

Tii/er, n.
1. A man who lays tiles.
2. A doorkeeper at a masonic lodge.
TILL, n. [A.-S. tilian, to prepay, provide^ compute.] A money-box in a

141.] [A.-S.
tian.]
1. To

tygan. contr. tyan,

fasten with a band or cord and knot.
2. To knit
to complicate.
3. To
constrain to restrain
to confine.
n. 1. A knot; fastening. 2. Bond
obligation, moral or legal.
3. An
equality in numbers, as of votes, &c.
4. A beam, rod, or the like, for holding two bodies or
parts together.
5.

Wood

1.

for buildings or for tools, utensils,

of tamburo, a tabor.]
drum or tabor.

-est.] [0. Eng.

close to the body. 4. Parsimonious.

[Colloq.]
5. Somewhat intoxicated.

We

back of a chair, arms of a

TIE,

Bengal Tiger.

[-er

(tit), a.

a.

wood, building.]

furnish with timber.

tight, p. p. ottie, to bind.]

1. Compact. 2. Not leaky close. 3. Fitting

be curious to hear the news; we are

always anxious for tidings.

TI'DY,

n. One who tilts,

[culture.
Tilth, n. State of being tilled
TlLT'-HAM/MER, n. A heavy hammer in iron-works a trip-hammer.
TlM'BER, n. [A.-S. timbor, timber,

TlLT'ER.

Tim'bered,/?. a. 1. Furnished with

timber. 2. Wooded.
TlM'BREL, n. [It. tamburello, dim.

A,

n.

smaller.

Tike,

carnivorous
animal
resembling
the
tiger,
but

who

remains on board of a merchant ship

till the goods are landed.

Inclination forward.
v. t. [A.S.
tealtrian. tealtian, to waver.]
1. To
raise one end of.
2. To point or
thrust, as a lance. 3. To hammer or
forge with a tilt-hammer.
v. i. 1. To
run, or ride, and thrust with a lance.
2. To lean
to fall, as on one side.

single squared stick of wood

building.
r. t.
[-ED,; -ING.]

_Asia.

Ti'ger Xt,

Tight

6.

&c.

found in Southern |

stream

Tide'-lock,

and

fierce

rapacious animal

of the waters of the ocean, &c. 2.

Stream current.
3. Tendency of
causes, influences, or events.
v. t.
or i. To drive with the tide or

1.

Tiers-eta rfte-erz'a/ta'),

TIMOROUSLY

TICKING
distinguishing token of something.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To distinguish
by, or furnish with, a ticket.

Tick'ing,

prep.

n.

the

humors

of

spirit

of

men

in

the

pow-

An

obsequious compliance
with the spirit of the times, cr the
humors of men in power.
Syn. Temporizing. Both these
words are applied to the conduct of one

who

adapts himself servilely to times

and

seasons.
time-server is rather
and a temporizer, passive. One
whose policy is time-serving comes forward to act upon principles or opinions

active,

prob. ace.
To the time
that is, to

which may promote his advancement,one who is temporizing yields to the cur-

[-ED
the time specified.
v. t.
-ING.]
[A.-S. tilian, teolian. Cf.
Toil.]
To plow and prepare for
seed to cultivate.
Till'a-ble, a. Capable of being tilled.
TlLL'AGE,rc. 1. Operation or art of

TTme'-ta'ble, n. A tabular statement of the time when something is

shop.
of til,
of.

2.

till,

[A.-S.

an end.]

Up

til,

1.

to the time

tilling.

2.

place tilled.

rent of public sentiment or prejudice,

and shrinks from a course of action
which might injure him with others.
The former is dishonest; the latter is
weak; and both are contemptible.

to take place.

TtM/lD, a. [Lat. timidiis.] Wanting

2.
TlLL'ER, n. 1. A husbandman.
courage to meet danger afraid.
The bar used to turn a rudder. 3.
Syn. Fearful; timorous; cowardly.
The shoot of a plant, springing from
nifying that they
[-ed;-ING.] To Tl-MID'I-TY, n. Want of courage.
the root.
v. i.
are to be closely united in performput forth new shoots from the root TlM'ID-LY, adv. Without courage.
ance.
TlM'lST, n. A performer spoken of
of the original stalk
Tl'ER, n. 1. One who ties. 2. A child's TILT, n. [A.-S. teld, geteld, fr. teldan,
with reference to his ability to keep
apron, covering the breast.
good time.
1. A covering
to cover, shut in.]
TIER (tor), v. [A.-S. tier, rank, heap,
2. TlM'O-ROUS, a.
[L. Lat. timorosus,
overhead an awning a tent.
attire.] A row or rank, esp. when two
from Lat. timor, fear.] Fearful of
Cloth covering of a cart. 3. A thrust,
or more are placed one above another.
danger timid.
as with a lance. 4. A sportive comTierce {or terss), n. [From Lat. terbat on horseback. 5. A tilt-hammer. TlM'o-ROiJS-LY, adv. Fearfully.

curved line over

or under notes, sig-

OR, do,

wqlf,TOO,TO"OK;

t)RN,

RUE, PULL; E,i,

O, silent; q,G,soft;

e,G,hard; A; EXIST; N as NG

THIS

TIMOROUSNESS
TlM'O-ROUS-NESS,
TiM'o-THY,

Tim'O-thy-grass,

[From Tim-

n.

othy Hanson.]

kind of grass prized for fodder.

TIN, n. [A.-S.] 1. A well-known white
metal. 2. Thin plates of iron covered
v. t. [-NED -ning.J To
with tin.
cover with tin or tinned iron.
TlNG'AL, n.
[Malay, tingkal, Per.
tinkar, tinkal.]
Crude borax.

TInct'URE

(53), n.

[Lat. tinciura,

fr.

tingere, to dye.] 1. A tinge or shade

of color.
2. One of the metals,
colors, or furs used in armory.
3.
A spirit containing medicinal substances in solution. 4. Slight taste
or quality added to any thing.
v. t.
[ED; -ING.] 1. To tinge; to impregnate with some extraneous matter.
2. To imbue the mind of.
TlN'DER, n. [A.-S. tender, tynder, fr.
tendan, iindan, to kindle.] Something very inflammable, used for
kindling fire.
[tinder is kept.
TIN'DER-BOX, n. A box in which

TINE, n. [A.-S. tind, a prickle, tindas,

a harrow.] Tooth or spike, as of a
fork; a prong.

[leaf.

TlN'-FOIL, n. Tin reduced to a thin

TING, n. [An onomatopoeia.] A sharp
sound, as of a bell

Tl\GE,f.

t.

a tinkling.

[TINGED; TINGEING,

[Lat. tingere.]

140.]

To imbue or

impregnate with something foreign

esp., to color slightly.

slight
n.
degree of some color, taste, or the

infused into something else.

TJN'GLE, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Dim.
of ting.] To feel a thrilling pain or
a slight pricking sensation.
TInk'ER, n. [From the tinkling noise
he makes.] A mender of metal ware.
v. t.
To mend, as metal wares;
hence, generally, to mend.
like,

TInk/le (tlnk'l), v. i. [Allied to tingle.]

1. To make small, sharp sounds, as
by striking on metal. 2. To resound
with a small, sharp sound.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] To cause to clink.
n.
A small, sharp, metallic sound.
Tin'man (150), n. A manufacturer
;

of,

or dealer in, tin ware.

Tin'ner,
TfN'NY, a.

n.

One who works

[ware.
in tin

Pertaining to, consisting

of, or like, tin.
[with tin.
TIn'-plate, n.
Sheet-iron coated
TIn'sel, n. [Fr. etincelle, a spark,
Lat. scintilla.] 1. A shining material
used for ornament. 2. Something
shining and gaudy, of little value. 3.
A kind of lace. v. t. [-ED, -ING
;

or -led, -LING, 137-]

Toadornwith

cheap but showy ornaments.

[Fr. teinte. leint, from Lat.
tinctus, p. p. of tingere; to dye.]
slight coloring distinct from
the
principal color.
v. t. [-ED; -ING ]
To give a slight coloring to ; to tinge.
TIn'tin-nab'u-la-ry. a. [Lat. tin-

TiNT,rc.

tinnabulum, a little bell.] Having

or making the sound of a bell.
TIn'tin-nab'u-la'tion, n. A tinkling sound, as of a bell.
Ti'ny, a. [-ER; -est, 142.] [Prob. a
dim. of thin, Dan. tynd.] Very small.
A, E,

I,

TOAST

440

Timidity.

n.

TIP, n. [Icel. typpi.] Extremity of

v. t. [-PED
any thing small end.
-PING.] 1. To form a point on to
cover the end of. 2. [L. Ger. tippen.]
To tap. 3. To give to. [Eng.] 4. To
v. i. To fall on
lower one end of.
or toward one side to fall headlong.
TlP'PET, n. [A.-S. tappet; t'dppe, tape.]
A narrow covering for the neck.
TlP'PLE, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Dim.
of tip.] To drink spirituous or strong
liquors habitually, esp., without absolute drunkenness.
v. t. To drink,
as strong liquors, in excess.

TlT'IL-LATE,V.

Tip'pler, n. One who tipples.

TiP'STAFF, n. A constable.
TlP'SY,a. [Cf. Tipple.] 1. Fuddled;

To call by title; to name; to entitle.

Ti'tle-page, n. The page of a book

partially intoxicated.

2.

Staggering.

TiP'TOE,n. End of the toe or toes..

Tip'-tSp, n. Highest or utmost de-

a.
Very excellent perfect.
[Fr., fr. titer, to draw.]
strain of invective
a series of
violent declamation.
Tire, . [See Tier.] 1. A row or
rank. 2. A head-dress. 3. Attire.
4.
child's apron, covering the
breast; a tier. [See TIER.] 5.
hoop of iron for a wheel.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. terian, tirian,
to vex, irritate, teorian, to weary, fr.
te.ran,
to tear.]
To exhaust the

gree.

TI-RADE', n.

strength
Syn.

of,

v.

by

toil.

jade

weary

fatigue

Sec Jade.

harass.

To

i.

1.

To become weary.

2. [Fr.

draw or pull.] To seize

tear prey, as a bird does.
tirer, to

TIRE'SOME,

a.

aud

Exhausting

the

dious.

Tire'some-ness,

n. Quality or state
[a theater.
dresser in
(150), n.
Tir'ing-room, n. Room where players dress for the stage.
TIS'SUE (flsh'shu), n. [Fr. tissu, fr.
tisser, tistre, to weave.]
1. Cloth

of being tiresome.

interwoven with gold or silver. 2.

The texture of anatomical elements
of which any part of the body

is

composed. 3. A connected series.

[-ED; -ING, 144.] To form

v.t.

tissue of; to interweave.

TIt, n. [Cf. Icel. tita, a tender thing.]
1.

small horse. 2. [Cf. Eng. TEAT

A small bird; a

and Titmouse.]
titmouse.

Tl-TA'Ni-UM, n.

[So called from the

Titans, giants of the Greek mythology.] A metal of a deep-blue color.
TIt'b'j't, n.
See Tidbit.

Tith'a-ble, a. Subject
ment of tithes.

to the pay-

[A.-S. teodha, the tenth.]

Tenth part of any thing, esp. of the
increase from the profits of land and
stock.
v.t. [-ed;-ing.] To tax
to the amount of a tenth.
Tith'ing, n. Act of taking tithe;
_that which is taken as tithe a tithe.
TrFH'lNG-MAN (150), n. 1. An under
constable. 2.
parish officer elected to enforce the observance of the

Sabbath.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

To

tickle.

pleasurable sensation.
(tl'tl), n. [Lat. titulvs.] 1. An
inscription, esp. one in the beginning

TI'tle

of a book, containing the subject of

the work. 2. An appellation of dignity or distinction.
3. A just cause
of exclusive possession right. 4. Instrument which is evidence of a right.
;

Syn.

v.t.

See Epithet,

Name.

[-ED; -fNG.] [Lat. titvlare]

which contains

Tit'mouse

its title.

[From

n.

(150),

tit,

small, and A.-S. inase, a titmouse.]

A small perching bird.
TIt'ter, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [Cf. Icel.
titra, to tremble, N. 11. Ger. ziltern,
to tremble. See DIDDER.] To laugh
with the tongue striking against the
root of the upper teeth.
n. A restrained laugh.
TIt'tle,?!. [Dim. of tit, small.] A
small particle a jot an iota.
TlT'TLE-TAT'TLE, n. [A reduplication of tattle.]
Idle, trifling talk.
TIt'U-lar, a. [See Title.] Existing
in name only
nominal.
:

TlT'U-LAR-LY, adv. Nominally.

TlT'u-LA-RY, n. A person invested
with a title, in virtue of which he
holds an office.
a.
Consisting in,

or_

pertaining to, a

title.

(me'sis), n.
[Gr.
refj.veiv, to cut.] A figure

compound word

r/u-rjo-i?,

fr.

by which a

separated, by the
intervention of one or more words.
TO (128), prep. [A.-S. to.] 1. It indicates approach and arrival
also,
motion or tendency without arrival.
2. It indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, condition, aim,
or any thing capable of being regarded as a limit to movement or action.
ESP- To is also used as the sign of the
infinitive; and it is used adverbially to
modify the sense of verbs.
is

TOAD

(20), n. [A.-S. tadie, tadige.]

reptile, having a warty body.

jmall

Toad'-eat'er, w. [From an old

practice among mountebanks' boys
of eating toads (supposed to be pois-

onous), that their masters might

have an opportunity of pretending
to effect a cure.] A fawning, obsequious parasite a toady.
Toad'-stool, n. A mushroom; a
fungous plant.
;

TOAD'Y,

TOAD-EATER.] A

[See

n.

v. t.
a sycophant.
To fawn upon
[-ED -ING, 142.]
with mean sycophancy.
Toast, v. t. [-ed -iNG.],[Lat. torrere,
tostum, to parch.] 1. To dry and
scorch by the heat,, 2. To warm
To' drink to the
3.
thoroughly.
n.
1.
health of, or in honor of.
formerBread dried and scorched
ly thought to be a great delicacy
when put into liquor. 2. The name of
any person, in honor of whom health

toad-eater

TI-FHE, n.

O, V, Y, long; X, E,I, O, U, Y, short;

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

l.

-latum.]

TME'SIS

strength or patience; fatiguing; te-

TIRE'-WOM^AN

titiilare,

TIt'il-la'tion,/?. 1. Act of tickling,

or state of being tickled. 2. Any

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM

SON..

TOASTER

TONNAGE

441

any thing commemo- Toil's6me, a. Laborious.

rated in a similar way.
Toil'some-ness, n. Laboriousness.
Toast'ER, n. 1. One who toasts. 2. Toise, n. [Fr.] A fathom in France,

drunk

is

An

also,

instrument for toasting.

Toast'-mas'TER,

or^about 6.39459 English

One who,

n.

at

public dinners, announces the toasts.

jn Hungary.

To'SIN,

n. [Fr., fr. 0. Fr. toquer, to

touch, strike, and sein, seint, a bell.]

An
TOD,

alarm-bell.
n. [Icel. toddi,& piece of a thing.

a little branch.] 1. A bush a

thick shrub. 2. Twenty-eight pounds
of wool.
To-day', n. The present day.
adv.
On this day.
tota,

Syn.

a souvenir.

Sign;

note; symbol; badge.

Told, imp. & p. p.

Tole,^. t. [-ED;
by a

to call
some bait.
toll,

TOL'ER-A-BLE,

Co

a.

[Lat.

allure

by

tolerabilis.]

Capable of being endured sup2. Moderately good.

1.

portable.

TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS,

State

11.

of

[manner.

being tolerable.

T6l'er-a-bly, adv. In a tolerable

ToD'DLE, v. i. [Allied to totter, dad- Tol'er-ANCE, n. Toleration.
die, and topple.] To walk with short Tol'er-ant, a. [Lat. tolerans.] Forsteps, as a child.
n.
[Hind, iari, juice of the

Tod'DY,

palmyra

vulgarly toddy.] 1.
A spirituous liquor prepared from various kinds of palm in the East Indies. 2. Spirit and water sweetened.
To-do', 71. Bustle stir ado.
TOE, n. [A.-S. toh, to.] 1. One of the
small members at the extremity of
the foot. 2. The member of a beast's
foot corresponding to the toe in man.
tree,

v.

t.

[-ED; ing, 140.] To touch

or reach with the toes.

To'GA.

n. [Lat. tegere, to cover.]

The

garment worn by the

ancient Romans.
To'GA-TED, a. [Lat. togatus, from
To'ged,
toga.} Dressed in a
)
gown wearing a gown.
loose outer

To-Seth'er, adv.

[A.-S.'togddere,
fr. gador, at
once. Cf. Gather.] 1. In the same
place. 2. In the same time. 3. In company unitedly. 4. In or into union.
ToG'ger-y, n. [0. Eng. toge, a toga,
gown.] Clothes articles of dress.
ToG'GLE, n. [Cf. tag-, and Ger. stockel,
a little stick.] A small wooden pin
e.,at gadert, together,

i.

tapering toward both ends with a

groove around its center.

TOG'GLE-JOINT.

["l^-^J^r-

n.
An elbow-like joint.
Toil, v. i. [-ed;I

-ING.]
lian,
1.

A.-S. teotilian.

Till.]
st.

i^^^^h)

L_J

Labor;

[Fr. toilrs, pi. toils, nets,fr. toile,

cloth, fr. Lat. tela, any woven stuff.]
net or snare.
TOIL'ER, n. One who toils.
TOI'LET, n. [Fr. toilette, from toile,
cloth, linen.] 1.
dressing-table.
2. Mode of dressing
attire dress.

A
;

OR do, wqlf, TOO, TO~OK

fjRN,

[A.-S.

11.

fr.

toll,

Gr. Te'Aos, a

toll.] 1. A tax or fee for passing

over a bridge or on a highway. 2.
Portion of grain taken by a miller as
a compensation for grinding.
v. t.
or i. [-ED -ing.] [Cf. W. tol, tolo,
a loud sound.] To sound, as a bell,
with strokes uniformly repeated at
intervals.
n.
The sounding of a
bell with strokes slowly and uniform-

tax,

Toll'booth,

n.
prison.
Toll'-bridge, n.

[From

bridge where

paid for passing

_toll is

and

toll

booth.]

Toll'-house,

11.

by a receiver of

TOLL'MAN

it.

house occupied

tolls.

[toll.

(150), . One who collects

resin, or oleo-resin, first

To-LU', n. A
brought from Santiago de Tolu, in
N.ew Granada.

TOM'A-HAWK.

n.

"A kind

war -hatchet
used
by the
American Inof

v.

TOMB

(toom), n. [Gr. tvjujSo?.] 1. A

grave. 2. A vault for the reception
of the dead. 3. A tombstone.
v. t.
[-ED -ing.] To place in a tomb

to inter.
Tqmb'less (toom'-), a.

[a

tomb.

Destitute of

TOM'BOY,. [From Tom. for Thomas,

]

Tomb'stone

rude, romping

(toom''-),

ii.

stone erected over a grave.

rue, pyLL

E,

I,

o, silent

adv.
present day.

On

after the presthe day after the

Tom'pi-on, n. See Tampion.

Tom'tit, or Tom- tit', n. [VromTom9
for Thomas, and tit.] The titmouse.
Ton, n. [Fr. See Tone.] Prevail-

TON

(tun),?/.. [See

TUN.]

I.

The weight

of 2240 pounds. In the U. S. commonly estimated at 2000 pounds, this

being sometimes called the short ton.
2. Forty cubic feet,
by which the
burden of a ship is estimated.
Syn.
Tun. The spelling ton has
long been appropriated to the dry measure, and tun to the wet measure, denoting a large cask, and also a certain
measure for liquors, which varies in
different countries. This distinction is
a convenient one, and is now generally

prevalent.

Tone,

n. [Gr. toVos, a straining, raising of the #voice, tone, accent, fr.

retVeiv, to stretch.] 1. Sound, or the
character of a sound. 2. Modulation
of the voice. 3. A whining style of
speaking. 4. A sound considered as
to pitch.
5. The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in
the diatonic scale. 6. Healthy state
of the system. 7. General or prevailing character or style, as of
morals, manners, &c. 8. Prevailing
color of a picture.
v. t.
[-ED
-ING.] 1. To utter with an affected
tone. 2. To tune.

Tone'less,

Tongs,

n.

Having no tone.
[A.-S. tange.] An in-

a.

jjI.

fire

or heated

metals.

Tongue

tunge, O.
Lat. dingua, afterward lingua.]
1.
The instrument of taste, and, in man,
of articulation. 2. Speech discourse.
3. A language, or a nation, as distinguished by language. 4. Something
considered as resembling an animal's
(tung), n.

[A.-S.

tongue.

Syn ^- See Language.

v. t. [-ED
-ing.] To modify with
the tongue in playing the flute, &c.
TONGUJBD (tungd), a. Having a
tongue.
[tongue.

Ton'ig,

Tomahawks.
TO-MA'TO,
or
To-MA'TO. n. [Of American origin.]
A plant and its fruit

and hoy

Day

to speak free)", from whatever cause.

a.
[See Tone.] 1. Relating
to tones or sounds.
2. Increasing

bury

ponderous volume
n.

Tongue'less (tBng'-), a. Having no

TONGUE'-TIED (tuug'tid), a. Unable

t.

[-ED -ING.] To
cut or kill with
a tomahawk.

to

To-mor'row,

strument fjr handling

\y repeated.

dians.

See

To labor; to work hard.

Labor with pain and fatigue.

2.

TOLL,

To ggie-joint.

[Ind.]

Lahor imdrudgery.
plies strenuous exertion, but not necessarily such as overtasks the faculties;
toil denotes a severity of labor which is
painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at
least, work which wearies or disgusts
from its minuteness or dull uniformity.
Syn.

bearing: indulgent.
-ING.] [Lat.
V. t. [-ED
tolerare, -ratum, fr. the root tol,
to bear.] To suffer to be or to be
done without hindrance.
TOL'ER-A'TION, n. Act of tolerating
allowance of that which is not wholly
approved.

TOL'ER-ATE,

n.
full-grown male cat
[Gr. tojuos, a piece cut off,

ing fashion.

of Tell.
-ing.] [Prob.fr.

bell.]

n.

a volume.]

ent.

n.
[A.-S. t&con, tacun, fr.
1. Someto teach, show.]
thing intended or supposed to represent or indicate something else. 2. A

memorial

Tome,
book.

feet.

To-KA Y', n. A wine produced at Tokay

TO-BAC'CO, n. [Ind. tabaco. pipe in To'KJSN,

which the Indians smoked the plant,
tsecan,
transferred to the herb itself.] A
plant or its leaves, used for smoking
and chewing, and in snuff.
To-BA'0-njst. n. A dealer in, or a
manufacturer of, tobacco.

T6m'AT,

girl.

memorial

strength, or the tone of the animal

system.
n.
1. A medicine thai
gives vigor to the system.
2. (Mit.\
Key-tone, or first tone of the scale.*
TO-NIGHT' (-nit/), 11. The present
night.
adv. On this night.
TON'NAGE (tun'naj, 45), n. [From
ton.]
1. Weight cf goods carried in
a boat or ship. 2. The cubical content of a ship or ships in tons. 3.
duty or impost on ships, estimated
per ton. 4. Whole amount of ship-

ping estimated by tons.

c, G, soft; , G, hard;

AS

EJIST

NosNG; this

TONSIL

TORY

442

TbN'siL,n. [Lat. tonsillse, pi.] One

to top off, to empty at one draught.]
of two glands in the throat.
To drink spirituous liquors to excess.
Ton'sile, a. [Lat. tonsdis ; londere, To'PER, n. A drunkard a sot.
to clip.]
Capable of being clipped.
Top'-gal'lant, a. Situa&d between
Ton-so'ri-al, a.
the topmast and the royal mast.
[Lat. tonsorius.]
Pertaining to a barber, or to shaving. TOP'-HEAV'Y, a. Having the upper
Ton'SURE (ton'shyr), n. [See supra.}
part too heavy for the lower.
Act of shaving the crown of the To'PHET, n. [Heb. tdphet, literally, a
place to be spit upon.] A place southhead or the state of being shorn.
east of Jerusalem, where fires were
SJon-tine' (-ten'), n [From its incontinually kept to burn dead bodventor, -Tonti, an Italian.] An an;

nuity or survivorship, or a loan.

litoo, adv. [A.-S. to.) 1. More than
enough. 2. Likewise also.

ies

hence,

T6p'i-A-ry, a. [Lat. lopiarhis, belonging to ornamental gardening.] Shaped

Sy^. See Likewise.
by cutting^.
Top'io, n. [Gr. tottlko.. See infra.]
TOOK (27), imp. of Take.
Subject of any distinct portion of a
TOOL, n. [A.-S. tol. for tawil, fr. tadiscourse, argument, or literary comwian, to make, prepare.] 1. Any inposition also, a matter treated of a
strument, used in the manual arts
point a head.
an implement. 2. A person used as
ToP'ic-AL, a. [Gr. totti/cos; toVos, a
an instrument by another person.
[-ED; -ING-.] To shape, form,
place, topic]
1. Pertaining to a
v.t.
place local. 2. Pertaining to, or conor finish with a tool.
sisting of, a topic or topics.
[ner.
ToOT,r. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Oer. tuten,
tuten, to blow the horn.] To make a Top'I-AL-LY', adv. In a topical manpeculiar noise by contact of the ToP'-KNOT (-not), n. A crest of feathers, or an ornamental knot, on the
tongue with the upper gum.
;

TOOTH (150),

n. [A.-S. tOdh, pi. tedh,

allied to Skr. danta, fr. dang dag to
1. One of the small bones atbite.]
tached to the jaws for chewing food.
2. Taste
palate. 3. Any projection
,

resembling the tooth of an animal.

v.t. [-ED; -ING-.] 1. To furnish
with teeth. 2. To indent.
TOOTH'ACHE (-ak), n. Pain in the

[extracts teeth.
One who
v.
Having
(tCotht), p. a.
teeth or jags.
Tooth'-edge, ii. Sensation excited
teeth.

Tooth'-braw'er,

Toothed

by grating sounds, and by the touch

of keen acids.

TOOTH'LESS, a. Having no teeth.

TOOTH'-PlCK, n. An instrument for
cleaning the teeth.

TOOTH'SOME,
Top,

Grateful

a.

[A.-S.]

n.

Highest part

n.

The second mast, or

upper eud,
2. Utmost
3. Highest

[From L. Lat. lornare, to turn.] A

tempest distinguished by a whirling,
progressive motion
a hurricane.
;

TOR-PE'DO,

n. ; pi. TOR-PE'DOES.
torpere. to be stiff or numb!'
1.
species of ray, having electric
power.
2. An engine for blowing
up ships. 3.
small pellet, which ex[Lat.,

fr.

plodes

when thrown on a hard

Tor'PID,

Top'most, a. Uppermost.
To-pog'ra-pher, n. One

TOR-PiD'i-TY,
Tor'pid-ness,

Tor'pi-tude,

Numbness;

n.
n.

1.

topography.

dull-

Stateof being

'orpid numbness.
sluggishness.
;

Dullness
n. [Lat.] 1- Loss of motion,
or of the power of motion. 2. Dullness sluggishness.
Tor'POR-jf'jc-, a. JL.at. torpor and
facere, to make.] Tending to produce
2.

"

Tor'por,
;

torpor.

Operation of

n.

torrefying, orstate of being torrefied.

[-ED

-ING, 142.]
; torrer* , to dry by
facere, to make.]
1. To
To roast, as metallic ores.
ToR'RENT, n. [Lat. torrents, torrenlis,
fr. torrms, burning, boiling.]
1. A
V. t.
[Lat. lorrefarere

skilled in

object.

[Lat torpidus.} 1. Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb. 2. Dull;
stupid sluggish inactive.
[ness.
a.

TOR'RE-FY,

that next above the lower mast.

heat, and
parch. 2.

TOP'O-GRAPH'IC,
a. Pertaining
T6p'o-graph'I-al, J
to topography descriptive of a place.
violent stream. 2.' A strong current.
Top'o-graph'ic-al-ly, adv. In a Tor'RID, a.
[Lat.
torridus.]
1.
)

topographical manner.

TO-POG'RA-PHY,
fr.

Parched

. [Gr. TOnoypa&a,
and ypafyeiv, to de-

T07ros*a place,

Exact and scientific delineaand description in minute detail

of any place or region.
Top'ping,/;. a. 1. Kising above surpassing. 2. Proud.
TOP'PLE, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Dim.
of top.] To fall forward to pitch or
scribe.]

tion

sail

the topmast.
T6p'SY-TUR'VY,rt//f.

or side.

Tor're-fac'tion,

head.

Top'mast,

tumble down.
Top'-sail, n.

1.

the
edge,
;

n.
One who tor
Tor-ment'or,
ments or tortures.
Torn, p. p. of Tear.
TOR-NA'DO, n. ; pi. TOR-NA'DOES.

hell.

TOR-MENT ER,

degree.

in the turf.}

rank.
4. A platform, surrounding
the head of the
5.
lower mast.
[Up. Ger. top/.] A

ward

extended across
Tops, or heads,

upside down.
Toque (tok),
\n. [Fr.] A kind
TO-QUET' (to-ka'),
of head-dress.
I

n.

crooked.]

which an
TOR'TILE,

Any wrong
action will

or injury for

lie.

a.
[Lat. tortilis, fr. torquere, to twist.] Twisted wreathed.
;

With the head down-

Torch,

dried with heat. 2. Violently hot.

n. [Lat. torquere, torsi, torturn, to twist.] Turning or twisting.
Tor^so, n. ; Eng. pi. tor'sos Il.pt.
TOR' si'. [It. torso, fr. Gr. 0upcros, a
straight staff, a stalk.] Trunk of a
statue, mutilated of head and limbs.
Tort, n. [From Lat. tortus, twisted,

TOR'siON,

[Fr. torche, fr.

Lat. tor-

ToR'Tlous,a. [From

tort.]

Injurious;

done wrongfully.
[From Lat.
TOR'TIVE, a.

tis),n.

tortus,

Twisted; wreathed.

twisted.]

Tor'TOISE

(tor'-

[0. Fr.,

Top
quere, tortinn, to twist, because it is
from tortis, tortwisted like a rope.] A light formed
[-PED -PING.]
tisse,
crooked,
of some combustible substance, to be
2. To predoniifrom Lat. tortus,
1. To be eminent,
Tortoise,
r. t
carried in the hand.
twisted,
crooknate. 3. To rise above others.
2. To rise Topch'-light (-lit), n. Light of a
from its crooked feet.] A rep1. To cover on the top.
ed
J:orch, or of torches.
ti'e inclosed in a scaly or horny case.
above or to the top of. 3. To take
Tore, imp. of Tear.
off the top or upper part of.
TORT'U-oiJs, a. [Lat. tortuosux ; tor1. Twisted;
3o'PARH, v. [Gr. TOTT-apx*}?, from To-REU'TPe, a. [Gr. ropevriKos, betus, twisted, crooked.]
longing to work in relief.] Highly finwinding. 2. Wrong deceitful.
T07ro?, a place, and apxeii/, to rule.]
ished
applied to figures in hard TORT'URE (53), n. [Lat. tortnra; toryhe principal man in a place.
wood, ivory, &c.
lo'PAR-CHY, n. A small state, conquere, tor turn, to twist, torture.] ExTor'ment, n. [Lat. tormentum, prop,
sisting of a few cities or towns.
anguish of body or
treme pain
an instrument with which any thing
v. t. [-ED: -ING]
3?Q'PAZ, n.
[Gr. T07rao?, tottcL^lov,
mind; torment.
is turned or twisted, fr. torquere, to
prob. fr. Skr. tapus, fire, the sun.]
To put to torture to pain extremely.
turn, to twist.]
1. Extreme pain; T6rt'UR-ER, n.
One who tortures.
A yellowish mineral, highly valued
anguish. 2. That which gives pain.
as a gem.
To'RVS,n. [Lat., protuberance.] A
Top'-boots, n. pi. Boots with bright- TOR-MENT', v. t. [-ed: -ING.] 1. To
large molding used in the bases of
put to extreme pain. 2. To distress
^olumns.
colored leather around the top.
to afflict. 3. To tease
Tope,i>. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Cf.O. Eng.
to vex.
To'RY, n. [Said to be an Ir. word,dechild's toy.

v.

(,Xmit.).
;

A, e,

i,

o,v,y, long; A, ,1,6,0,

y, short;

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, trm;

P'fQUE,

fTrm SOW,
;

TORYISM

TRACTILITY

443

noting a robber or a savage, or fr. toree/give me (your money).] 1. A member of the conservative party in England. 2. One who, in the time of the
Anier. Revolution, favored the claims
of Great Britain agaiust the colonies.
[ries.
a. Relatiug to the tories.
_

To'RY-lsM,

n.
Principles of the toioss (21), V. t. [-ED; -ING.] [W.
losiaw, tosio.] 1. To throw with the

ToOgh'NESS

Quality of

(tufnes), n.

being tough.

Tou-PEE',
(toft-pa7 ),

Tou-pet'
a

tuft.]
lock of hair.
'top,

n.

1.

2.

[Fr. toupet,
dim. of 0. Fr.

Tour

(tobr), n. [Fr., fr. Gr. Topi/os, a

turner's chisel, a circle.] 1. A journey in a circuit. 2. Any thing done
successively , or by regular order.

to rise
1.

i.

with a jerk.

[drunkard.

namal.]

dent in a town.
[Local, Amer.]

Town'-clerk,

3.

An

n.

township.
officer

who

keeps the records of a town.

A curl or artificial TOWN'-CRVER, n. A public crier.

Town'-hall, n. A public hall for
A small wig.

to throw upward. 2. To cause

circuit
jaunt.
Syn. Excursion
See Joukney.
and fall. 3. To agitate.
v.
To roll and tumble. 2. To be Tour'ist, n. One who makes a tour.
tossed.
n. A throwing upward, or TOUR'MA-LJNE, n.
[Ce\ lonese tour-

hand

mineral of a black color.

transacting the business of a town.

Town'-iiouse,

n.

The house

1.

for

transacting public town business. 2.

A house in town.
Town'ship, n. Territory of a town.
Towns'man (150), ii. An inhabitant
of the same town with another.
Town'-talk (-tawk), n. Common
talk of a place subject of common
conversation.
[toxicology.
T6x'i-0-log'I-AL, a. Relating to
;

Toss'pot, n. A toper an habitual Tour'na-MEiNT (tfrr'na-), n.

[See
Tost, imp. & p.p. of Toss.
Tourne Y.] A mock-fight or military
Tox'i-eoL'o-yy, n.
To'tal, a. [Lat. totus, all, whole.]
[Gr. to^ikov,
sport on horseback.
poison, and Adyo<r, a discourse.] The
1. Full
complete.
2. Not divided.
ToOr'ney, v. i. [From the root of
science which treats of poisons.
turn ] To perform tournaments
to

Syn.

"Whole; entire; integral.

tilt.

n.

n.

Toy,

tournament.

[amount. Tour'ni-QUET, n. [Fr.,from tovrner,

The whole.
To-tal'I-ty, a. The whole sum or
t> turn.]
A surgical instrument or
To'TAL-LY, rirlv. Wholly; entirely.
bandage, used to check hemorrhage.

Tote,

v. t. [-ed; -inc. J [Said to be

of African origin ] To carry or bear.
[Southern States.]

ToT'TER,

v.

[-eb;-ing.]

i.

[Allied

Prov. Ger. dattern, dottern, to

tremble, shake, Eng. titter, didder.]
1. To shake so as to threaten a fall.
to

To reel
TOU'CAN, .
2.

to lean.
[Sp.
S. American tuca,
bird of tropical America.
[-ed;-ing.J [Fr. tou-

&

tidcan.]
A
TofiCH, v. t.
cher*
Cf. Goth, tj/can, to touch;
Lat. tangere, orig. tagere.] 1. To extend the hand or foot, &c, so a3 to
come in contact with. 2. To reach
to attain to. 3. To relate to. 4. To
;

speak

of,

gently or

deal with,

or

To meddle or interfere
with. 6. To affect.
7. To make an
1. To be in
impression on.
v. i.
contact. 2. To treat any thing slightslightly.

5.

ly in discourse. n.
The

1.

sense of feeling. 3.

Contact.

2.

Power of ex-

4. A stroke
5.
hence, animadversion censure.
A small quantity intermixed a little.
TOUCH'A-BLE, a. Capable of being

citing the affectious.

touched

tangible.
Touch '-hole, n.
;

arm, by which

n.

Decayed wood,
(IoDch'-\vo~o:d, n.
used like a match for taking tire from
[cible.
a spark.
TOLr CH'Y,rt. Peevish; irritable; irasTofJGH (tuf). a. [-ER; -EST.] [A.-S.
Flexible brittleness. 2. Not
firm strong. 3. Seeasily broken
vere violent.
To&GH'N (tuf'n), v. t. or*. [-ED
-ING.] To make or grow tough, or
1.

tougher.

Tough'ey
OR, DO,

&

I.

(tuf If), adv.

WOLF, TOO,

[manner.
In a tough

TO^OK.

fjRN,

i.

Tease.] To pull

TOU'SLE
To put

[L. Ger. thsen. Cf.

to haul to tear.
t. [Dim. of touse.]
;

show.] A
plaything.
v.i. [-ED; -ING.] To
trifle
to play
to wanton.
[sold.
Toy'-shop, n. A shop where toys are
TRACE, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Fr. tracer, fr. Lat. trahere, tractus, to draw.]
2. To draw or de1. To walk over.
lineate with marks.
3. To follow by
footsteps, or some mark that has
;

(tou'zlj.r.

been

into disorder; to tumble.

any thing passing

TOW,v.t.

[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S. tcohan, teon, to lead, draw.]

To drag
through the water by a rope.
n.
[A.-S. taw, tow.] Coarse broken part

^)f flax or

Towage,

hemp.

n.

left.

A mark

1.
;

left

by

a footprint.

2.

appearance of any thing

visible

when

the thing itself no longer

exists.
3. One of the two straps or
ropes by which a vehicle is drawn
left

by horses.
Act of towing.

1.

ii.

2.

Price paid for towing.

[traced.

Trace'a-ble, a. Capable of being

Tra/cer, ii. One who traces.
Tra'cer-y, n The subdivisions of

TO'WARD (to'ard), {prep.

[A.-S.
TO'WARDS (to'ardz),
tZweard tugroined vaults, &c.
weardes. See To and "WARD.] 1. In Tra'che-a (tra/ke-a),
,

the direction of. 2. With respect to

adv.
regarding. 3. Nearly about.
T
at hand.
JS ear
TO'WARD (t5'ward), a. [A.-S. toweard.] Ready to do or learn apt.
;

To'ward-li-ness

n.
(to ; ward-),'
docility.
To'WARD-LY (to'ward-), a. Ready to
apt docile.
jlo or learn
To'ward-ness (to' ward-), n.
To-

_Quality of being toward

TOWEL,

Irritability.

Affecting; movConcerning.
prep.
1. A variety of
schist, used for ascertaining the purity of gold and silver by the streak
impressed on the stone. 2. Any test
or criterion.

toll.]

v.

n.

towing other
n.
a.

[Fr.,

TOUSE,

Tent of any fire_wardliness.

communicated Tow'-boat,

ing; pathetic.

TofrCH'-STONE,

(tuor'iu7ur'), n.

1. Turn:
from tourner, to turn.]
contour figure. 2. A bustle for expanding a lady's skirt.

fire is

to the powder.

ToDch'I-ness,
TOUCH'ING, p.

TOURNURE

steamer used for

vessels.

H. Ger. duahilla,
dwahilla, from dwahan, to wash.]
A cloth used for wiping the hands,
and for other purposes.
Tow'ER, n. [A.-S. ton, Lat. turn's ]
1.
A lofty building much higher
than broad. 2. A citadel a fortress.
v.i. [-ED; -ING.] To be lofty;
hence, to soar.
TOW'ER-ING, p. a.
1. Very high
n.

[0.

elevated.

2.

Tow'ER-Y,

a.

Extreme; violent.
Adorned or defended

bv towers.

Tow'-lIne,

small hawser, to

tow a ship, &c.

[A.-S. ff/n,inclosure, house,
town, tynan, to inclose, shut.] 1. A
collection of houses larjrer than a
village in Eng., one having a regular market. 2. The inhabitants resi;

E,

J,

O, silent

[N. Lat.

n.

Gr. rpaxeia

(sc.

apTr]pCa),

windpipe.

Track,

[D. trech. trek, a drawing,

ii.

trec.ken, trekke.n, to
left

draw.] 1.

A mark

by something that has passed

along; trace; vestige; footprint. 2.

A beaten path. 3. Permanent way
of a railroad, v. t.
[-ED; -ING
To follow when guided by a trace, or
by footsteps.
[as of a boat.
Track/age, n. A drawing or towing,
(

Track/less,

Having no track.
a.
[Lat. trahere, trac.tum, to
A region, or space, of indefinite exttnt.
2.
short treatise,
especially one on practical religion.
TrXct'a-bil/i-ty, n.
Quality or
state of being tractable
docility.
TR\T'A-BLE, a. [Lat. traclabilis ;
tracwre, to handle, treat ]
Capable
of being easily led, taught, or man-

Tract,

draw.]

n.

1.

doci'e.

TR \T'A-BLE-NESS,
beina: tractable.

Town, n.

RUE, PULL

trachea;

from Tpaxus, rough.] The windpipe.

TRA'HE-OT'0-MV, ll. [Gr. rpaX ela,
windpipe, and -riixveiv, to cut.] Operation of making an opening into the

aged
n.

ornament,

11.
[D. toot, attire,
allied to toogen, toon, to

TrXct'a-BLY, adv.
Tract'jle, a. [Lat.

11.

Quality of

[manner.
In a tractable
trahere, tractum,

to draw.]
Capable of being drawn
out in length ductile.
:

Trac-tIl/i-ty,

n.

Ductility.

C,G,sq/i; e,G,/iOfrf; ASj EIST; N.OSNG; THIS

TRACTION
TrX'T10N,

to draw.]
of being drawn.
Serving to draw.
That which draws, or
isused for drawing.

TRlT'ivE,a.
TrXT'or, n.

TRADE,

n.
[Fr. traite, fr. trailer, to
handle, trade, Lat. traetare.] 1. Business of buying and selling for money.

Mechanical employment. 3. Business pursued.

4. Men engaged in
the same occupation.
occupation; comSyn. Business
merce; traffic.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.] To barter, or
to buy and sell to traffic to bargain.
v. t.
To sell or exchange.
Trade'-mark, n. A distinguishing
mark or device used by a manufacturer on his goods or labels.
Trad'er, n. One engaged in trade
2.

amerchant.

[for booksellers.

An

TRADE'-SALE,

n.

Tradesman

(150),

trades

auction by and

One who

n.

TRANSCEND

444

n. [Lat. trahere, tractum,

Act of drawing, or state

senting some signal action having a

fatal issue.

2.

fatal

and mournful

event.

Pertaining to tragcalamitous
edy
]
mournful.
[manner.
Trag'ic-al-LY, adv. In a tragical
Trag'ic-al-ness, n. Quality of being tragical sadness.
Trag'I-OM'E-dy, n. A composition
partaking "both of tragedy and coma.

edy.

Trag'i-OM'[,

Partaking
\a.
Trag'i-6m'I-ai,, )
of a mixture
of grave and comic scenes.
Trail, v. t.
[Norm.
[-ed; -ing.]
Fr. trailler, to search after, Fr. trailler, tiraiUer, to trail a fishing-line
D. treiltn, to draw with a rope, to
tow.] 1. To hunt by the track.
2.
;

To draw along the ground.

3. To
carry, as a fire-arm, with the breech
near the ground.
v. i. To be drawn
out in length.
n.
1. Scent left on

TRADES/-UN'ION, n. A combination
among workmen for maintaining
their rights and privileges.
TRADE'- WIND, n.
A wind which Train, v.t.
trahinare,
blows fr. the same quarter through-

out the year,

of great advantage to

navigators and "to trade.

Tra-di'tion (-dish'un), n. [Lat. traditio, fr. tradere, trad i turn, to give
up, transmit.] 1. Delivery. 2. Transmission of opinions, practices, a&d
customs, from father to son. 3.
Knowledge or belief transmitted
without the aid of written memorials.
Tra-di'tion-al (-dlsh'un-), a. Pertaining to, or derived from tradition
Tra-di'tion-al-lv (-dish'un-), adv.
,

[-ed;-ing.]
[L. Lat.
trainare, fr. Lat. trahere,
to draw.] 1. To draw along to trail.
2. To entice
to allure.
3. To exercise
to discipline.
4. To break,
tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen.
5. To lead or direct, and form
;

to a wall.
is

n.

1.

or enticement.

fice,

or tralatum. See TRANSFER.] Metaphorical figurative.

n. [See TRAIN, and cf. 0. Ger
tram, a beam.] 1. A coal wagon used
ed
in some parts of England. 2. One
of the rails of a tram-road.
TrXm'mel, n. [L. Lat. tramallum,
tramela, a net for taking fish.] 1.
kind of long net.
2. Shackles for
regulating the motions of a horse.
3. Whatever impedes activity, progress, or freedom.
4. A hook for
hanging other vessels over the fire.
;

TraG'I,
TrXg'I-al,

the ground by an animal pursued. 2.

Any thing drawn behind in long undulations a train. 3. Entrails of a
fowl, especially of game.

a shopkeeper.

tralatitius, fr. transferre, translation

TrXm,

V.t.

[-ED,-ING; or -LEO, -LING,

confine to hamper.

To

137]

Tra-mon'tane,

or

TrXm'on-tane,

tram ontano, from Lat. trans,

across, and mons, mountain.] Being
bevond the mountain foreign.
TkAmp. v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Icel.
trampa, Ger. trappen.]
To tread
a.

[It.

and repeatedly.
wander or stroll.
n.
forcibly

v.i.

To

1.
footfoot-traveler.
Tramp'er, n.
stroller
a vagrant.
TRAM'PLE, v. t. [-ED;-1NG.] [Ger.
trampeln, fr. trampen.
See supra.}
1. To tread under foot; especially

journey.

2.

with contempt or scorn.

trate

2.

To

pros-

by treading.

Tram'pler, n. One who tramples.

Tram'-ROAD, n. A road laid with
Tram'-way,
narrow tracks of
iron, &c, for wagons.
Persuasion, arti- Trance, n.
[Lat. transitu.*, a passage, fr. transire, to pass over.
2. That which
A
1

drawn along in the rear of or

after

something. 3. A retinue. 4. A succession of connected things a series.

5. Process
course.
6. A line of
gunpowder, to lead fire to a charge.
7. A continuous line of carriages on
arailroad.
[of militia.
;

state in which the soul seems to have

passed out of the body an ecstasy.
TRAN'QUIL (trank-'wil), a [Lat. tranquillus.] Quiet calm undisturbed.
;

Tran'quil-Tze
TrXn'quil-lize

(trank'wil-), v.

t.

By tradition.
[al.
[-ED; -ING.] To
Tra-dT'tion-a-ry (44), a. Traditionrender tranquil to calm.
Tra-di'tion-er (-dish'un-), n. One Train'- band, n. A band or company Tran'quil-iz'er,
One who
n.
Tra-di'tion-ist j
Tran'QUIL-liz'ER,
tranquilizes.
who adheres to Train'er, n. One who trains.
tradition.
TrAin'-oil, n. [Allied to Ger. thrdne, Tran-qui'l'li-ty, .. [Lat. tranquilTra-duce', v. t. [-ED; -TNG.] [Lat.
a tear, drop.]
litas.] State or quality of being tranOil from the blubber
)

tradur.ere, to lead along, esp. as a

spectacle, to di-grace, from trans,
across, over, and ducere, to lead.] To

v.

defame; slan-

about sluttishly or

(tr.lt),

n.

[Fr.

Lat. tractus,

to draw.] 1. A stroke.
feature or peculiarity.
[0. Fr. tralteur, tradittur, Lat. traditor, fr. tradere, to give
up, betray.]
1. One guilty of treason.
2. A betrajer.
[trays.
Trai'tor-ess, n.
woman who beTRAl'TOR-oOs, a. 1. Guilty of treason
treacherous
perfidious.
2.
Consisting in treason.

from trahere,
Tra-du'cer, it. One who traduces.
TRA-DU'T[ON, n. 1. Derivation from
2._ A marked
one of the same kind. 2. Transmis- TRAI'TOR, n.
sion from one to another; tradition;
also, a translation.
3. Conveyance
transportation.
;

Traf'FI,

v.

i.

[-ed

-ING, 135.] [L.

traffigarr.] To barter
:

Lat. traficare,
to trade.
v.t

To exchange
n.
Commerce; trade.
fic.
Traf'FICK-ER, n. A trader.

TRAG'A-ANTH,

n.

in traf-

[Gr. rpa.yaKa.v0a,

from rpdyos, a he-goat, and a.Kai>6a.

a thorn.]
The concrete juice of
several plants.

[actress
tragic actor or
Tpayr/Sia, lit. a
tragedies being
a goat was sac-

a calm

[manner.

state.

Tran'quil-ly, adv.
Tran'quil-ness. n.

Tn a tranquil
State or quality

of being tranquil.

TRANS-AT',

thoughtlessly.

Trait

der.

quil

[Ger.' trapsen, trappwalk noisily.] To

i.

sen, to tread or

walk or run

misrepresent willfully.

Syn. To calumniate;

or fat of whales.

Traipse,

Trai'tor-oDs-ness, n. Treachery.
TRAI'TRESS, n. A female traitor.
TRA-JEGT', v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
trajicere, -jeetum, fr. trans, across,
To throw or
to throw.]
cast through.
Tra-JE'tion, n.
A throwing or
casting through or across.

and jacere,

v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

-actum; trans, across,
through, and agere, to lead, act.] To
do to perform; to manage,
v. i.
To conduct matters.

transigere,

Trans-A'tion, n.
1. Management
of any affair. 2. That which is done.

Proceeding.
Syn.
A transaction is
something already done and completed;
a proceeding ia either something which

now going: on, or, if ended, is still contemplated with reference to its progress
or successive stages. The proceedings &t
the trial of Lord Russell were marked by
deep injustice, and they led to a transaction, in his beheading, of flagrant enormity.

is

Trans-Xct'OR,

n.

One who transacts.

[Lat. transalpiTrans-alp'i'ne, a.
mis ; trans, beyond, and Alpinus,
Alpine.] Being beyond the Alps in
goat-song, either fr.
[the Atlantic.
regard to Rome.
orig. exhibited when
Tra-JECT'o-RY, n.
Curve which a
Trans'AT-lAn'TIC,^. Being beyond
moving body describes in space.
rificed, or because a goat was the
[Lat. Tran-scend', v. t. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
prize.]
1. A dramatic poem repre- TRAL/A-Ti'Tlorrs (-tish'us), a.

Tra-Ge'di-an,
TRAG'E-DY, n.

n.

[fir.

A, E,

I,

6, v,y, longs A,,I, 6,

tJ,

Y, short,-

cAre, far, ask, all,

what

ere, veil, irm; pique, fIrm; son,

TRANSCENDENCE
transce.ndere

and scandere,
to excel

TRANSOM

Transitive verb, one which is or may

change in the personal appearance of
be followed by an object.
our Savioron the mount.
[-ED; -ING.] Tran'si-to-ri-ness, n. Speedy de
V. t.

trans, beyond, over

to climb.] To surpass

TRANS-FIG'URE,

Tran-scend'ence,

Superior

Tran-s<?end'en- y

transjigurare

[Lat.
over,

trans,

across,

1.

Tran-s^end'ent,

Very

1.

excel-

2.
Kantlent surpassing others.
ian Philosophy.) Transcending the
bounds of human knowledge.
SrXn'scend-ent'AL. a. 1. Supereminent.
2.
Pertaining to that
which can be determined a priori, in
principles
the
fundamental
regard to
of all human knowledge.
;

Syn. Empirical. These terms, with

the corresponding nouns, transcendentalism and empiricism, are of comparatively recent origin. Empirical refers to
knowledge which is gained by the experience of actual phenomena, without reference to the principles or laws to which
they are to be referred, or by which they
are to be explained. Transcendental has
reference to those beliefs or principles
which are not derived from experience,
and yet are absolutely necessary to make
experience possible or useful.

TrXn'scend-ent'al-Tsm, n. A going beyond empiricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental

human

knowledge.

TrXn's^end-ent'al-ist, n.
One
who believes in transcendentalism.
TrXn'SCEnd-ent'al-ly, adv. In a
very

or

excellent

manner.

Tran-s^end'ent-ly,

In a

adv,

transcendent manner.

Tran-s^end'ent-ness,

a.

or unusual excellence.
TRAN-SRIBE', V. t. [-ED

Superior

v. t. [-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
-fixum ; trans, across,
through and figer to fi x ] To pierce
through.
[-ed; -ing.]
Trans-form', v. t.

Trans-fIx',

transfigere,
,

transformare

[Lat.
over,

across,

trans,

and formare, to form.] To

change the form or substance of.
Act of
TrXns'for-MA'tion, n.
transforming, or state of being trans-

formed

metamorphosis.

Trans-form'ing,

p. a. Effecting, or
able to effect, a change of form or
state.

Trans-fue',

v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

transfundere, -fusum ; trans, over,
across, and fundere, to pour.] 1. To
pour out of one vessel into another.
2. To transfer, or cause to pass from
[ing transfused.
one to another.
Trans-fus'i-ble, a. Capable of beTRANS-FU'"glON, n. A transfusing, or
pouring from one into another.
Trans-gress', V. t. [-ED -ING.]
transgredi, -gressus; trans,
[Lat.
across, and gradi, to pass.] To overpass or break, as a law, civil or
To offend by violatmoral.
v. i.
ing a law.
Trans-gres'SION (-gresh/un), n. 1.
Act of transgressing. 2. Fault of-

-ING.]

fense.

Trans-gress'ive

a.

Disposed

See

Tranship.

to
faulty culpable.
n. One who breaks
a sinner.

transgress

Trans-gress'or,
a law
Tran-shIp',
;

v.

Tran'sIent

A copy of any kind an imitation.

Tran-sRHP'tion, n. Act of tran-

t.

(-shent), a.

siens, going or passing

[Lat. tranover.]
1.

Passing over, as it were, or away

not stahence, of short duration

scribing.

TrXn'sept, n. [Lat. trans,

and septum, an inclosure.]

tionary.

across,

part
of a church projecting at right angles
to the body in a cruciform church,
one of the arms of the cross. .
;

2.

Hasty

TrXn'sient-ly

one place or person to another.

To make over the

In

adv.

for a short time.

TrXn'sient-ness (-shent-), n.
of being transient.
Tran-sil'i-en^e, \n.
[Lat.

passage

See

TRANSFER.

To render into
to interpret.
Trans-la'tion, n. 1. Act of translating. 2. State of being translated.
version.
3. That which is translated
TRANS-LAT'OR,n. One who translates.
Trans'lo-ca'tion, n. [Lat. trans,
across, and locatio, a placing.] Removal of things reciprocally to each
other's places.
[parency.
Trans-lu'cen-^y, n. Partial transTrans-LU'CENT, a.
[Lat. translucens, p. pr. of translucere, to shine
through.] Transmitting rays of light
without permitting objects to be distinctly seen.
Syn.
Transparent.
thing :a
translucent when it merely admits the
Sassage of light without enabling us to
2.
;

istinguish objects through it; it is transparent when we can clearly discern objects placed on the other side of it. Glass,
water, &c, are transparent; ground
glass, horn, &c, are translucent.

Trans'MA-rine',

State
tranpr.
over.]

p.

leap across or from thing to thing.

[Lat. transitus, fr. tranto go over.] 1. Act of passing
through or of causing to pass con-

TrXn'SIT, n.

transma.

[Lat.

a.

rinus ; trans, beyond, and marinus^

marine.] Being beyond the sea.
Trans'mi-grant, a. Migrating.
TrXns'mi-grate, v. i. [-ed; -ing.]
[Lat. transmigrare., -gratum; trans,
across, and migrare, to migrate.] To
pass from one country, body, or
state, into another.
TrXns'mi-gra'tion, n. Act of transmigrating.
Trans-mis'si-ble a.
Capable of
being transmitted.
Trans-mis'sion (-nnWun),^. Act of
transmitting, or state of being transmitted,
[transmitted.
Trans-mis'sive, a. Capable of being
,

v.

t.

[-ted

-ting.]

transmitter

trans, across,
;
mittere, to send.] 1. To
send from one person or place to another. 2. To suffer to pass through.
Trans-MIT'ter, n. One who trans[ing transmitted.
mits,
Trans-MIT'ti-ble, a. Capable of be[Lat.

over,

2.

possession or con-

To remove.

another_ language

Trans-mit',

momentary.

(-shent-),

[-RED -RING.] [Lat.

trans/err e ; trans, over, across, and TRAN-SIL'I-EN-CY, )
siliens,
ferre, to bear.] 1. To convey from
of transilire, to leap across or
t.

transferre, -latum.
1.

[Lat. transcriber e ; trans across, over,

and scribere, to write.] To write
over again to copy.
Tran-scrib'er, n.
copyist.
TRAN'seRIPT, n. [Lat. transcriptum.
written copy. 2.
See supra.} 1.

TRANS-FER',*\

parture or evanescence.

and figurare, to form, shape.] Tran'si-to-ry (50), a. Continuing

only for a short time.
To change the outward appearance
Syn. See Fleeting.
2. To change to
of; to transform.
Trans-late', v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.
something glorious.

excellence

supereminence.

transcendental

445

to exceed.

principles of

and

Trans-mut'A-ble,

a.

Capable of be-

ing transmitted.

Trans-MUT'a-BLY, adv.

In a transmutable manner.
conveyance TrXns'mu-ta'TION, n. Act of transwhich is
muting, or state of being transthrough a country. 3. Passage of a
Trans-FER'a-ble, a. 1. Capable of
muted.
heavenly body over the meridian of
being transferred or conveyed. 2.
[-ed
-ing.^
a place. 4. Passage of a smaller Trans-mute', v. t.
Negotiable, as a note, &c.
[Lat. transmutare ; trans, across, and
body across the disk of a larger.
'.TrXns'fer-ee', n. One to whom a TRAN-SI'TION (-sizh'un or -zish'un,
mutare, to change.] To change from
transfer is made.
one nature, form, or substance, into
[Lat. transitio.] A passing
109), n.
TrXns'fer-en^e, n. Act of transanother.
[mutes.
from one place, state, or subject, to
ferring transfer.
[a transfer.
Trans-MUT'ER, n. One who transanother change.
trol of.

sire,

TRANS'FER,n.
or

1. Act of transferring,
transferred. 2. That
transferred.

of being

veyance.

2.

line of

'

Trans-fEr'rer, n. One who makes Tran-si'tion-al (-sizh'un- or -zlsh'- TrXn's6m, n. [Lat. trans, across,
Trans-fr'ri-ble, a.
Same as
and sumere, sumptum, to take. Cf.
un-), a.
Containing or denoting

Transferable.
Trans-fig'u-ra'tion,
of form

OR. DO,

transition.

n.
change
especially, the supernatural

TrXn'si-tIve,

Effected
a.
ference of signification.

WOLF, TOO, TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

je, /,

o, silent

by

trans-

Lat. transenna, a rope, noose, L. Lat.

a lattice, window.] 1. (Arch.) (a.) A
crossbar in a window, (b.)
linte)

$,&,soft; .5, hard; AJ EIST

gasN&;

THIS.

;
,
;

TRANSPARENCY

446

over a door. 2. A beam across the

stern-post of a ship.
n.
1. Quality or
state of being transparent.
2. That
which is transparent esp. a picture
on thin cloth, porcelain, or the like.

Trans-pAr'en-cy,

converted into the body and blood of

Christ.

trans,
a.
[Lat.
across, through, and parere, parens,
to appear.] Transmitting rays of
light, so that bodies can be distinctly

seen through.

See

Translucent.
Trans-pAr'ent-ly, adv. In a
Syn.

trans[parency.

parent manner.

Trans-pAr'ent-NESS,
Tran-spIc'u-oijs,

Trans-

n.
[Lat.

a.

transpi-

or look through.] Trans-

cere, to see

Act or process

n.

TRAN-SUDE',^.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

trans, across, through, and sudare, to
sweat.] To pass through the pores or
i.

interstices of texture.
[ing across.
a.
Running or lyTRANS-vfiRSE', a. [Lat. transvertere,
transversus, to turn or direct across.]
Lying across, or in a crosswise direction,
[an ellipse.
TrXns'verse, n. The longer axis of

Trans-ver'sal,

Trans-verse'ly, adv.

In a trans-

verse manner.
TrXp, n. [A.-S.

trappe.]

treppe,

1.

contrivance that shuts suddenly,

used for taking game. 2. An ambush a stratagem.
3. pi. Goods

Cutaneous

n.

exhalation.

Trans-pire',

v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat.

trans, across, through, and spirare,
to breathe.] To emit through the
pores.
v. i.
1. To pass off in insensible perspiration.
2. To become
public.

4. [Sw. trapp, fr. trappa,

because often occurring in
large masses, rising above one another.] A heavy, igneous rock, of a

furniture.
stairs,

Tra-pXn^nER, n. One who insnares.

Trap'-door, n. A door, as in a floor,
which shuts

2.

[Gr. rpane^iov, a little

irregular
table,
an
four-sided figure.]
A

plane figure contained

under four right lines,
of which no two are Trapezium,

Act of

1.

of

being

[ecstatic.

TRANS-PORT'TNG,p.
Trans-pos_'al,

n.

a.

Passionate;

v.

t.

[-ed;

n.

[Gr. Tpane^tov, and

plane, four-sided

catch animals.

trasverso, Lat.

[It.

transversus, p. p. of transvertere,, to
turn or direct across.] Lying across.
n.
Any thing that traverses or

crosses.
[-ed;-ing.] 1. To
v.t.
lay in across direction
to cross. 2.
To thwart to obstruct. 3. To wander over. 4. To pass over and view.
6. To deny formally.
v. i.
1. To
;

use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction, as iu fencing.

2. To turn, as on a pivot.
TrXv'ers-er, n. One who, or that
which, traverses.
TrXv'erse-sail'ing, n. The meth-

fr. Lat. tra, trans, across, over,

vestire, to clothe.]
A burlesque
translation or imitation.
v. t. [-ED
To translate so as to
-ING, 142.]
render ridiculous.
Trawl, n. A long line, having short
lines with baited hooks attached to
it, used for catching certain fish.
v. i.
To take fish with a trawl.
Trawl'er, n. One who trawls.
Trawl'-net, n.
A drag-net to
catch fish that live near the bottom.
TrAy, n. [Same as trough, differently
written.]
A waiter or salver.
Like a traitor
TREACH'ER-oiJS. a.

guise,

and

'

treachery;

betraying

[Iy.

TREACH'ER-OfJS-LY, adv.

PerfidiQUS-

Treach'er-oOs-ness. n. Perfidy.
TREACH'ER-Y, n. [Fr. tricherie, a
cheating, trickery. See Trick.] "Violation of allegiance, or of faith and
confidence.

TrXsh, n.

To change the

trees, and the like.

TrXsh'y, a. [-ER; -est,

TrXns'po-sPtion-al

a.

n. pi.
Ornaments esp. TREA'CLE, n. [Gr. 6r)piaKov, an antiornaments put on horses.
dote against poisonous bites, fr. 6-q[See Thrash.] That which
piov, a wild beast.] A viscid, uncrys-

TrXp'pings,
-ing.]

place or order of.

(-zish/un), n. Act
of transposing, or state of being
transposed.

Capable of be-

a.

ing traversed or denied.

TrXv'ERSE,

figure, having two of the opposite

sides parallel to each other.
TrXp'per, n. One who sets traps to

[Lat. transponere, -positum ; trans,

across, and ponere, to put, place.]

TrXns'po-sI'tion

Account

One who
any way.

trust.

shape.]

etfios,

Act of transposing,

or stateof being transposed.

Trans-pose',

1(137), n.
travels iu
)

TrXv'ers-a-ble,

involving

parallel.

TrXp'E-ZOID,
n.

State

a valve.

Capable of

being transported.
transporting.
transported.

like

Tra-PEZE', . A trapezium.
Tra-pe'zi-um, n. ; Eng. pi. tra-pe'ZI-UM
Lat. pi. TRA-PE'ZI-A.

TrXns'por-ta'tion,

agem.

sentenced to exile.
a.

Trans-port'a-ble,

Trav'el-er
TrXv'el-ler

od of finding the resulting course

and distance from a series of different
shorter courses and distances passed
over by a ship.
-NING.] To TrXv'es-TY, a. [Fr. trnvestir, to dis-

n.
to catch by stratagem.
[Fr. trappe, a trap, and pan, a piece
snare ; a stratof string, noose.]

insnare

Act of

transplanting, or state of being transplanted,

[plants.
Trans-plXnt'er, n. One who transTRANS-PORT',1". t. [-ED -ING.] [Lat.
transportare ; trans, across, and^ortare, to carry.]
1. To carry or convey from one place to another. 2.
To carry iDto banishment. . 3. To
ravish with pleasure.
TrXns'port, n. 1. Carriage conveyance. 2. A ship or vessel employed for transporting. 3. Ecstasy
rapture. 4. A convict transported or

fiorn

2. pi.

other place.
n.

t.

v.
greenish-black or grayish color.
t.
[-ped -ping.] 1. To catch in

Trans-plXnt', v. t. [-ed; -TNG.]

a trfip. 2. To insnare.
To remove and plant or settle in an- TRA-pXN', V. t. [-NED

TrXNS'PLAN-TX'TION,

v.

topl'tce; a journey.

of a journpy.

of transuding.

parent.

TrXns'pi-RA'TION,

TREASON
to journey.
To journej over
n. Act of traveling
place
1.

Tran'su-da'TION,

Trans-pArTSNT,

is

worthless

especially loppings of

142.]

Like

molasses.

ping; gait.

waste

worthless.

1.

n. [Prob. allied to Fr. terrasse,

fr. Lat. terra, earth.]
1.

volcanic earth, used as a cement.

A coarse sort of mortar, durable in
water.

tion.

2.

earth-work,

Relating to, or involving, transposi-

sugar

To set the foot. 2. To walk or go.

2.
1. To step or walk on.
n.
1. A
To crush under the foot.
step or stepping. 2. Manner of step-

trash

TrXss,

(-zish'un-), a.

tallizable sirup of

Tread, v. i. [trod; trod, trodden; TREADING. [A.-S. tredan.]

v.t.

Trans-ship', v. t. To transfer from

Tread'er, n- One who treads.
Tread'le (tred/1), n. The part of a
one ship or other conveyance to an- TRAU-mXt'I, a.
[Gr. rpav^anico?
other,
loom, or other machine, which i3
fr. Tpav(t.a, a wound.] Pertaining, or
[shipping.
Frans-ship'ment, n. Act of transn. A medimoved by the foot.
applied, to wounds.
TrXn'sub-stXn'ti-ate (-shi-, 91),.v.
Tread'- mill, n. A mill worked by
cine useful in the cure of wounds.
t. [-ED
-TNG.] [L. Lat. transubstan- TrXv'ail (42), ij. i. [-ed;-ing.] [Fr.
persons treading on steps on a wide
tiare, -atum, from Lat. trans, across,
wheel. It is used as a punishment.
travailler, to labor, toil, torment.] 1.

over,

and substantia, substance.] To

shi-),

n.

substance.

1.

A
2.

pangs of childbirth.

(-stan'-

i,

toil.

2.

change into another TRXv'EL,

-LING, 137.]

The doctrine that the

bread and wine in the eucharist

A, e,

pain. 2. To suffer the

n. 1. Severe
Parturition.
V. i.
[-ED, -ING or -LED,

To labor with

change into another substance.

TrXn'sub-stXn'ti-X'tion

o, u. Y, long; A, ,

1,

6,

tJ,

is

[A different form and

use of travail.] To go in any manner

Y, short;

cAre, fAr, Ask, ALL,

WHAT

Trea'son,

n.
[0. Fr. tra'ison, tra'isson, Lat. traditio, fr. tradere, to give
up, betray.] The offense of attempting to overthrow or betray the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance.

ERE, VEIL, TERM PIQUE, FIRM SON

;

TREASONABLE
Tuea'son-a-ble,
or consisting

of,

a.

State or

n.

quality of being treasonable.

TREASURE

(trezh'ur),re. [Gr. 6r)o-avpos, from Be, root of rtdevai, to put,

place.] 1. Wealth accumulated. 2.
great quantity collected for use. 3.

That which

very
-ING.]
lay up_; to hoard.
v.

[-EC

t.

is

Treas'ur-er

much
To

TREL'LIS,

valued.

collect

and

rious purposes.
v.i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
tremulus, trembling, fr. tremere, to
tremble.] 1. To shake involuntarily,
2.
as with fear or cold
to shiver.
To totter. 3. To quaver, as sound.
Trem'bler, n. One who trembles.

One

n.

(trezh'jjr-),

treasury.

[Lat. tremendvs,
that is, to be trembled at, fearful.]
Such as may astonish or terrify by
its magnitude or violence.

Treas'ure-trove
treasure,

(rrezh'ur-),
re.
and 0. Fr. trove,

Terrible;

Syn.

dreadful; awful.

Any money, &c, Tre-men'dous-ly, adv. In a tremendous manner.

found hidden, the owner of which is
Tre'mor, or Trem'or, re. [Lat., fr.
not known.
tremere, to tremble.]
An involunTrea'ur-y (trezh'ur-y), re. 1. A

TREAT,

v.

t.

[-ED; -ing.]

[Fr. traiter,

Lat. tractare, to handle, treat.] 1.

To manage to use. 2. To handle,
in writing or speaking. 3. To entertain with food or drink. 4. To subv.i.
1. To
ject to the action of.
2. To come to terms of
discourse.
accommodation.
3. To give an entertainment.
re.
1. An entertainment gi/en as an expression of re2. Something which affords
gard.
pleasure.
Trea'tIse, re.
written discussion or
explanation on a particular subject.
TREAT'MENT, re. 1. Manner in which
a subject is treated.
2. Manner of
using behavior toward a person.
TREA'TY, n. [Yr.tra.it6. See TREAT.]
2.
1. Negotiation.
formal agreement, league, or contract between
two or more independent nations or
sovereigns.
Treb'le (treb'l), a. [0. Fr. See
fr.

Triple.]

Threefold triple. 2.
(b.) Playing or
(a.) Acute; sharp,
singing the highest part.
re.
The
part usually sung by women sopra[-ed; -ing.] To
no. v. t. or
1.

?'.

tary trembling or shaking.

[Lat. tremulus, fr.
tremere, to tremble.] Shaking shivering quivering.
Trem'U-lous-ly, adv. In a tremulous manner.
[tremulous.
Trem'u-lous-ness, n. State of being
Trench (66), v. t. [-ed; -ing. J
[Prob. fr. Lat. truncare, to cut off.]
To dig, as a ditch, or a channel for
water.
v. i. To encroach. See Intrench. n. A long, narrow cut
in the earth a ditch.
Trench'ant, a. [0. Fr. trenchant,
See sup. pr. of trancher, trencher.
pra.]
2. Un1. Cutting; sharp.
sparing; severe.

TREM'U-LOUS,rt.

Trench'er,

n.

eater

large wooden plate.

great
(150), n.

TRENCH'ER-MAN

a gormandizer.

[A.-S. treow, tre.]

re.
large
plant, woody, branched, and peren[-D; -ing, 144.] To
v. t.
nial.
cause to ascend a tree.
[trees.
Tree'-frog, re. A frog which climbs
TREE 'NAIL (commonly jrron. trBn'[Tree and nail.}
nel), n.
Along,
wooden pin, for fastening the planks
[frog.
of a ship to the timbers.
Tree'-toad, re. Same as Tree

Tre'foil,

re.

trifolium,
three, and

fr.

[Lat.

:^AY

tre.s.

folium

a leaf.] 1. A plant
of many species,
including the white clover, red clo2. An ornament of three
ver, &c.
cusps in a circle.
TREIL'LAGE, n. [Fr. treillage. See
infra.} Rail-work for supporting espaliers, &c.

6r, do,

a trespass

re.

One who commit.J

a transgressor a sinner.
[Gr. rpi'xa, threefold, because formed by interlacing threo
pieces.]
braid or curl of hair; c

TRESS,

re.

ringlet

Tres'tle

(treVl), re.
[D. driestal, a
tripod, from drie, three, and stal, a
place, stall.]
frame or support for
any thing.
Tres'tle-board (treVl-), re. A
board used by architects, draughtsmen, &c, for drawing designs upon.
Tret, re. [Norm. Fr. trett, draught,
from Lat. trahere, to draw.] An allowance in weight for waste or refuse
matter, after tare is deducted.
Trev'et, re. [From Lat. tripes, tripedis, having three feet.]
A sto^l or

bv three legs.
[0. Fr. trei, trois, three.]
three at cards, or dice.
Tri'a-ble a. Fit, possible, or liable,
other thing supported

TREY (tra), re.

to be tried.

TRI'AD,
rpe2<;,

[Gr. Tpid?, TpidSos, from

three.]
Three objects united.
re.

TRi'AL.re. [See Try.] 1. Act of trying or testing in any manner. 2.

That which tries, afflicts, or tempts
to evil.. 3. State of being tried.

Syk. See Test.

TrI'an-gle,
re.
triangu-

[Lat.

A plow for
lum, from tres,
opening land
three, and angitto a greater depth than usual.
v.
lus, corner.]
A
t.
To plow with deep furrows.
figure
bounded
Trend, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Orig, to
by three lines,
bend round, from Dan. & Sw. trind,
and containing
round.] To have a particular directhree angles.
tion; to run.
n.
Inclination in a Tri'an-gled,

Trnch'-plow,
TRENCH'-PLOUGH,

n.

particular direction

TREN'DLE,

tendency.

[A.-S. trendel, tryndel,

n.
circle, ring.
;

ber or quantity.

Tres'pass-er,

See
a trundle.

TREND.]

n.
[L. Lat. trentale, from
trenta, Lat. triginta, thirty.]
An
office for the dead, consisting of 30
masses rehearsed for 30 days.
Tre-pan', n. 1. [L. Lat. trepanum,
from Gr. rpviravov, a borer, auger.]
cylindrical saw for perforating the^
v\t.
skull.
2.
snare a trapan.

TRI-AN'GU-LAR,
a. Having three L

Triangles.

little

wheel
make or become threefold.
TREB'LY, adv. With a threefold num- TREN'TAL,

Tree,

to violate any known rule

of duty.
re.
1. Any offense done
to another.
2. Any violation of a
known rule of duty.

offense

a.

trouve, found.]

place where public revenues or any

collected funds are deposited and
kept. 2.
repository of abundance.

Trem'BLE,

Tre-men'doDs,

whe^has the care of a treasure or a

[From

1. To pass unlawfully over

tbe boundary line of another's land.
To intrude. 3. To commit any

pass.]

[Fr. treillis, fr. treille,

fr. Lat. trichila, a bower, arbor.]
frame of lattice- work, used for van.

treason.

TREA'gON-A-BLE-NEss,

TRIBRACH

447

Pertaining to,

angles.

TrI-an/gu-la/TION,

Men-

re.

suration

by a

obtuse-angled triangle
5, scalene

se-

triangle. 1,2, and

5, are also aeuteangled triangles.

ries of triangles.

Tri'arch-y,

re.

[Gr. Tpiapxta

'

equilateral triangle ; 2, isosceles

triangle
.3, rightangled triangle: 4,

rpi
and apxn, sovereignty.]
by three persons.

Tri'bal,

a.

Government

Belonging to a

tribe.

[-NED -NIN&.] 1. To perforate with TRIBE, re. [Lat. tribus, orig. a third
To
a trepan. 2. [See TRAPAN.]
part of the Roman people, afterward
;

insnare

to trapan.

TRE-PHINE', re.
or
[Dim. of trepan.] An instrument for
trepanning.
v. t. [-~ed; -INGc.] To
perforate with a trephine.

Tre-phine',

tribe.]
1. A family, race, or series
of generations from the same progenitor. 2. Any division or class of persons or things.

TRIB'LET, re. [Fr. triboulet.] A gold*

Trep'I-da/tion, n. [Lat. trepidatio,
smith's tool for making rings.
from trepidare, to hurry with alarm, TRI-BOM'E-TER, re.
[Gr. rpifieiv, to
to tremble.]
An involuntary tremAn inrub, and p.erpov, measure.]

bling a state of terror.

strument to ascertain the degree of
Syi*. Tremor agitation fear.
friction in rubbing surfaces.
Tresspass, v. i.
[-ed -ing.]
TRI'BRAH,
re.
[Gr. Tpij3paxvs, from
[0.
Fr. trespasser, transpasser, from Lat.
rpi and /3poxvs, short.] A poetic foot
trans, across, over, and passare, to
of three short syllables.

wolf, TOO, TO"bit$ Orn, rue, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent

c, G, soft; , 5, hard;

A EXIST
,

N.

as

ng

this.


TRIBULATION
TrTb'u-LA'TION,

448

[Lat. tribulatio.]

n.

Severe affliction.

Tri-bu'nal,

[Lat., fr. tribunus,

n.

tribute.] 1. Seat of a judge in court.

court of justice.
[Lat. tribunus, prop,
n.
chief of a tribe (tribus).]
1. (Rom.
2.

TrIb'une,

A magistrate

chosen by the
2. An elevated place in a
legislative assembly for a speaker.

Antiq.)
people.

Trib'une-shIp,

Office of

ii.

atribuue.

'I'RlB'u-Ni'TlAii (-nlsh'al), a. Pertaining to, or suiting, a tribune.

Trib'u-ta-ry, a. 1. Paying tribute
to another. 2. Paid in tribute. 3.
Contributing.
n. One who pays

tribute.

Trxb'ute,

n.
[Lat. tributum, from
tribuere, to bestow, pay.]
1.
tax
paid by one prince or nation to an-

other.

TRICE,

2.

v.

personal contribution.

To

[Ger. trisse, brace.]

t.

haul by means of a rope.

n. [Perh.
fr. thrice, while one can count three.]
An instant a moment.
;

TRI-CEN'NI-AL,

[Lat. tricennalis,
fr. triginta, thirty and annus, year.]
a.

TRIPP,

three, thrice, and fallow.]

To plow the third time before sowing.
TRI'FID, a. [Lat. Irijidus ; tri, three,
thrice, and Jindere, fidi, to split.]
Divided half way into three parts.
TrI'fle, v. i. [-ed; -ING.] [0. D.
To act or talk
treyfelen, to trifle.]
with levity or folly.
v. t. To spend
n.
in vanity
to dissipate.
1.
[Prefix

tri,

value or importance.
dish of sweetmeats and cake,

thing of
2.

little

with syllabub.

TrI'fler, n. One who trifles.

TRI'FLING, p. Being of small value
or importance

trivial.

[ner.

TrI'fling-ly, adv. In a trifling man[Lat. tri, and/oTRl-FO'LI-ATE, a.

lium, leaf.] Having three leaves.
[Lat. triformis; tri,
TRI'FORM, a.
tris, three, thrice, and forma, form.]
Having a triple form.
TrIg, v. t. [A.-S. thrycran, to stay, tarry.] To stop, as a wheel, by placing
something under it.
a.
[Allied to
trick, to decorate.]
Trim neat.
TrTg'ger, h. [From trig.] 1. A catch

Consisting of, or occurring once in,

hold a wheel. 2. Catch of firearms, used to loose the lock for stiik-

thirty years.

ing

TRI-H1'NA,

n.

made

of hair.]
found in the

muscles of animals.

TRICK,

n.
[D. trek, a pull, or drawing, a trick 0. Fr. tricher, trecher, to
trick.]
1. Artifice; a sly procedure.
;

peculiarity. 3.

The whole num-

ber of cards played in one round.

v.t. 1. [-ED; -ING.]
To deceive;

to cheat. 2. [Cf. W. treciaw, to furnish, equip.] To dress to decorate.

v. i.
To live by fraud.
TrTck'er-y, n. Artifice; stratagem.
Trick'ish, a.
Given to tricks knavish,
[trickish.
TrIck'ish-ness, n.
State of being
TRICK'LE (trik'l), v. i. [-ED -ING.]
[Cf. Dribble.]
To flow in a small,
gentle stream.
Trick'ster, n.
deceiver a cheat.
Trick'y, a. Given to tricks knavish.
Tri'c6l-or, n.
[Lat. tri and color.]

three-colored flag.

TRl-eOR'po-RAL,
TRI-COR'PO-RATE,

a.

[Lat. tricorHaving
for.]

three bodies.

Tri-cus'pid,

[Lat. tricuspid, -cus-

a.

pidis; tri, three, thrice, and cuspis,

apoint.] Having three points.

TRI'DENT,
-dentis,

tooth.]

n.

[Lat.

tridens, v

tri, and dens,

scepter or spear

from

with three prongs.

^Eri'dent,
a.
I

Having

three teeth

a.

[Lat. trien-

Sri-dent'ate,

n.
One who
TrI'fXl-LOW, v. t.
A.,

E,

I,

O,

ii,

tries.

[-ED

Y, long; A,E,I,

-ING.]

6,0,$,

(110), a.

angles or corners

trum, firm, strong.

See infra.]

ing in good order, or

made ready

v.

for

I.

ate between parties.

n.
1. Dress ;
gear. 2. State or condition. 3. State
of a ship or of her cargo, ballast, &c.
TRIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. rpi>Tpos ; Tpl,
Tpis, three, thrice, and p.irpov, measure.]
A division of veri-e, consisting of three measures.
Tri-met'ric-al, a.
Consisting of
three poetical measures.
TrTm'ly, adv. Nicely in good order.
Trim'mer, n. One who trims.
TrIm'ming, n. That which serves to
;

trim

ornamental appendages.

esp.

n.

State of being trim.

[Lat. trinus, trini, three

Threefold.

TRINE,

^
Having three

triangular.

Pertaining
J
to, or performed by, trigonometry.
1

n.
Aspect of planets 120
apart, or one third of the zodiac.
n.
[Fr., of Celtic origin.]
A little square ornament in building.
TrIn'I-ta'ri-an, a. Pertaining to the
Trinity.
n.
One who believes the
doctrine of the Trinity.

Trin'gle,

Triglyphs.

Trig/o-no-met'ric,
TrIg'o-no-met'ric-al,

Be-

[-MED; -MING.] [A.-S.

trymian, trymman, to prepare, make
strong.] 1. To put in order
toadjust.
2. To dress; to adorn.
3. To
clip or lop.
4. To dress, as timber;
to make smooth.
5. To balance or
adjust, as a ship.
v.i.
To fluctuuse.

each.]

of the Doric column.

TRtG'o-NAL.

a.

Trin'i-ta'ri-an-Isjsm, n.

Doctrine of

Trinitarians.

TRlG/O-NOM'E-TRY, n.
[Lat. trinitas, fr. trini,
[Gr. Tpiyto- TrIn'1-ty, n
vov, a triangle, and (j-erpov, measure.]
three each.] The union of three perThat branch of mathematics which
treats of triangles.
n.
[Gr. Tpl, rpi's, three,
thrice, and ypajfy-q, a writing.] Three
letters with but one sound.
[sides.

Tri'GRAPH,

sons in one Godhead.

[Perh. orig. tricket, fr.
n.
Prov. Eng. trick, trig, elegant, neat]
1. A small ornament, as a jewel.
2.
A thing of little value.

TrInk'et,

Tri-he'dral, a. Having three equal Tri-no'mi-al, n. [Gr. Tpl, rpi's, three,

Tri-he'dron, n. [Gr. rpi, Tpis, three,
thrice, and vo/u.17, distribution.]
A
thrice, and eSpa, a seat, base.]
quantity consisting of three terms.
A
.

figure of three equal sides.

TrIj'u-goGs,

TrI-ju'gous,

or

a.

[Lat. trijugus, threefold, fr. tri, tris,

three, thrice, and jugum, a yoke.]
In three pairs.
Tri-LAT'er-AL, a.
[Lat. trilaterus;
tri, tris, three, thrice, and latus, side.]

TRI'O, or Tri'o, n. [It., fr. Lat. tres,

three.]
1. Three persons acting to*
gether. 2. (Mus.) A composition for
three parts.
Trip,?;, i. [-ped; -ping.] [Ger. trippen, trippeln, Goth, trimpan.] 1.
To move nimbly. 2. To make a false

Having three sides.

Tri-lit'er-al, a.
[Lat.
tri,
tris,
three, thrice, and litera, letter.] Con-

step.
err.

sisting of three letters.

v. t. [-ED
-ING.] [D. trillen,
to tremble, to shake.
Cf. Thrill.]
To utter with a quavering to shake.
v. i. To flow in a small stream.
n. A quaver of the voice in singing,
or of the sound of an instrument.
TrIll'ION (-yun), n.
[Lat. tri, and
Eng. million.]
According to the
Eng. notation, a million involved
to the third power, or the number
represented by a unit with 18 ciphers
annexed according to the Fr. notation, a unit with 12 ciphers annexed.

from the bottom, by its cable.

1. A brief journey or voyage.

:iium, space of three years; Tritri, tris, three, thrice, and an- dent.
nus, year.]
1.
Continuing
three years. 2. Happening once in
every three years.
[years
Tri-EN'ni-al-ly, adv. Once in three

TRI'ER,

TptyAix^os, from Tpl,

Tpis, three, thrice,and
ykvfyeiv, to carve.] An
ornament in the frieze

TrIll,

or prongs.

Sri-en'ni-ae,

[Gr.

n.

rpi's,

Trim'ness,
Tri'nal, a.

fire.

TR1-HI'NJE. Tri'glyph,

pi.

[Gr. rpi'xivos, hairy,

An animal parasite

2.

to

three, thrice, and \o

Having three lobes.
/36s, a ltfbe.]
TRI-LOC'U-LAR, a.
[Lat. tri, iris
three, thrice, and loculus, a little
place.]
Having three cells.
TRIM, a.
[-MER -MEST.] [A.-S.
[Gr. Tpl,

Tri-lo'bate, or Tri'lo-bate,

short;

a.

To commit an offense to
1. To cause to take a
To loose, as the anchor,

3.

v. t.
false step. 2.

n.
2.

false step a misstep. 3.

slight erstroke by which
ror ; a failure. 4.
;

a wrestler supplantshis antagonist

TrIp'ar-tite, or Tri-part'ite,

a.

[Lat. tripartitus; tri, tris, three,

thrice, and partitus, divided.] 1. Di2. Made bevided into three parts.
tween three parties.
diTrIp'ar-tI'tion (-tish'un), n.
vision by threes.
TRIPE, n. [Fr. tripe, 0. D. tripe.] The
large stomach of ruminating ani
mals, prepared for food.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, FIRM s6N,
;

TRIPEDAL
TRIP'E-DAL,
tris,

[Lat. triperlalis ; tri,

thrice, and pes, a foot.]

a.

three,

Having three feet.

Tri-pr'son-al, a.

TROUBLESOMELY

449
that the Father, Son. antf Holy Spirit
are three distinct Gods.
One who holds to
ii.
[theism.
Tri theism.
TRi'THE-isT're, a. Pertaining to triTrit'u-ra-bee, a. Capable of being
ground down to a fine powder.
[-ED
-ING.]
TRIT'U-RATE, V. t.
[Lat. triturare, -ratum, to thrash.]
To rub to a very fine powder, [ing.

Tri'the-ist,
[Lat tri, and
Consisting of

persona, a person.]
three persons.

*N,!^ 0f *

TR6B' D
TROG'LO-DYTE,.

[Gr. TpwyAoSvTijs ;
TpwyArj, cavern, and dveiv, to enter .j
A dweller in a subterraneous cave.
Troll, .t\ t.
[-ed; -ing.] [Ger.
trollen, YV. troliaic]
1. To roll; to
turn. 2. To sing the parts of in succession.
v. i. 1. To roll; to run

TrI-per'son-Xl'i-ty, n.
Existence
of three persons in one Godhead.
TRI-PET'AL-OITS, a.
[Gr. rpi, rpi?,
about
2. To fish by drawing the
three, thrice, and Tre'raAoj', a leaf.]
hook through the water.
Having three petals.
TRIT'U-RA'TION, n. Act of trituratTrip'-ham'mer, n. A heavy hammer, Tri'UMPH, 11. [Lat. triumphus, allied Trol'lop, ii. [From troll, to roll, to
stroll.] A nlattern
a slut.
raised or tripped by projecting teeth,
to Gr. 0pt'a^)3os, a procession in honor of Bacchus.] 1. {Rom. Antiq.) TROM'BONE, n. [It. augm. of tromba,
on a revolving shaft.
a trumpet.] A deep-toned brass inTRIPH'thong (trlf- or trip'-),?!. [Gr.
1. A magnificent ceremonial in honor
strument of the trumpet kind.
of a victorious general. 2. Exultation
rpi, rpi's, three, thrice, and fyOoyyq,
;

voice, sound.]
1. A combination of
three vowels in a single syllable,
forming a simple or compound sound.
2.

trigraph.

Triph-th5n'GAL
a. Of,

[Lat. triplex, from

tri, tris, three, thrice, and pit care, to
(trip'l), a.

fold.]
2.

v.

Consisting of three united.

1.

Three times repeated treble.

t.
[-ED; -ING.] To make thrice
;

as much
Triplet,

(trif- or trip-, 82),

or pertaining to, a triphthong,

TRIP'LE

for success. 3. Victory.

v. i. [-ED
-ING.] 1. To celebrate victory with
pomp or exultation. 2. To obtain
victory
to prevail.
Tri-umph'al, a. Relating to, indicating, or in honor of, a triumph.

to treble.n. [From triple.]

Three

TRI- UMPH'ANT, a.

Rejoicing for, or
celebrating, victory. 2. Victorious.
1.

Tri-UMPH'ant-LY, adv.
umphant manner.

In a

tri-

Tri-um'vir, n.; Lot. pi. TRI-UM f ri-Rl ; Eng.pl. TRI-UM'VIRS. [Lat.,

fr. tres, gen. trium, three, and vir, a
man.] One cf three men united in

Tromp,

[See

ii.

Trump.]

blowing

apparatus.

TROOP,

[Fr. troupe, prob. fr. Lat.

turba, acrowd, troop.] 1. Amultitude.
2. pi. Soldiers taken collectively. 8.
small body of cavalry, light-horse, or
dragoons.
[-ED; -ING.] 1.
v. i.
n.

To come or gather in crowds. 2. To

march on.
Troop'er, n. A horse-soldier.
TROPE, n. [Gr. rpoTros, fr. rpiireiv, to
turn.] Use of a word or expression
in a different sense from that which

properly belongs to it.

rhvming together.
Trip'li-cate, a.
ojfice.
Made thrice as
[umvirate. TRO'PHY, n. [Gr. Tpo7nxiov, strictly a
monument of the enemy's defeat, fr.
n. A third paper or thing Tri-ijm'vi-ral, a. Relating to a trimuch.
of the same kind.
Tri-um'VI-RATE, n. Government by
rpoirq, a turn, a rout] Any memoTrip'li-ca'tion, n. Act of tripling,
rial
three in coalition.
of victory.
Tri'une, a. [Lat. tri, three, andunus, Trop'io, n. [Gr. Tpon-tKos, (sc. kwcAo?,
or state of being tripled.
Tri-PL1C'I-TY n. State of being triple.
fr. TpeVeiv, to turn.]
one.] Being three in one
an epi1. One of the
TRI'POD, n. [Gr. Tpurovs, rpiTroSos ;
two small circles that bound the sun's
thet used to express the unity of the
greatest declination from the equaGodhead in a trinity of persons.
rpi. rpi?, three, thrice, and ttous. ttotor. 2. (pi.) The regions between or
86s, a foot.] Any utensil supported TRI-U'NI-TY, n. Trinity.
Triv'et, n. See Trevet.
on three feet.
near the tropics.
TrIp'o-li, n. An earttiy substance Triv'1-AL, a.
[Lat. trivialis, prop, TROP'l-AL,a. 1. Being within, or incident to, the tropics. 2. Figurative.
(orig. from Tripoli), used in polishing.
that which is in, or belongs to, the
TRi'POS (147), n. [Of uncertain etycross-roads or public streets hence, Tro-POL'O-GY, ii.
[Gr. rpoTros, a
common, from trivium,s, cross-road,
trope, Aoyos, discourse.] A rhetorical
mology.] A university examination
[Campublic street.] Of little importance
mode of speech, including tropes.
of candidates for honors.
bridge, Eng.]
[-ted -ting.]
inconsiderable trifling.
[ner. Trot, v. i.
[Fr.
Trip'per, n. One who trips.
Triv'i-al-ly, adv. In a trivial mantrotter, Ger. trotten, W. trotiaiu.] To
Trip'ping, n. 1. Act of one who Triv'I-al-ness, ii. State or quality
move faster than in walking.
v. t.
trips.
2. The loosing of an anchor
To cause to trot.
n. Pace of a quadof being trivial.
from the ground by its cable or buoy- TrI'-WEEK'ly, a. Performed or apruped when he lifts one fore foot and
TRiP'PING-LY, adv. Nimbly, [rope.
pearing three times a week.
the hind foot of the opposite side at
TRIP'TOTE. n. [Gr. rpirrrwrov ; rpi, TRO'CAR, ii.
[Fr. trocar, or trois
the same time.
quarts, i. e., three quarters, fr. trois, Troth, n. [An oLl form of truth.] 1.
Tpts, three, thrice, and 7ttcot6s, falling.] A noun having three casts only.
three, and quart, a fourth;
from
Faith; fidelity. 2. Truth; veracity.
verses

TRl'REME,
three,

n.

[Lat. triremis
oar.]

and remus, an

; tri, tris,

galley

with three ranks of oars on a side.

TRI-SET'. v. t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
tri, three, thrice, and secare, sectum,
to cut ] To cut into tnree equal parts.
Tri-se'tion, n. Division of a thing
into three equal parts.

triangular point.] A surgical instrument.

TRO-HA'l,
\a.
Pertaining to,
Tro-HA'I-al, J
or consisting of,
its

trochees.

Tro'ohe

(tro'kee), n.

[Gr.

Tris'YL-Lab'IO,
la. [Gr. Tpurv'ATRIS'YL-LAB'IC-AL,
Aa/Sos; rpi,
three, thrice, and trvXXafir). a sylla-

Tpoxos,
rpe\eiv,
to run.]
A medicine in a circular
cake, to be dissolved in the mouth.
TRO'HEE,?j. [Gr. rpoxcuos, (sc. 7rovs),
fr. rpoxaios, running.] A poetic foot

Consisting of three syllables.

Tri-syl'la-ble, n. A word consisting of three syllables.
Trite, a. [Lat. tritus, p. p. of terere,
to rub] Used until po common as to
have lost its novelty and interest.
Trite'ly, adv. In a trite manner.
TRITE'NESS, n. Quality of being trite.

of two S) llables, the first long and

the second short, or the first accented
and the second unaccented.
TRO-GHlL'ies, n. sing. [Gr. rpoxiKCa,
a cylinder revolving on its own axis,
fr. rpexeiv, to run.]
The science of
rotary motion.
TroH'le-a, n. [Lat.] See Tro-

TRI'THE-ISM,

chilics.] A pulley-like cartilage.

TROD, imp. of Tread.

ble.]

thrice,

OR, DO,

and

n. [Prefix
theism.]

tri, tris,

three,

The opinion

any thing round, a wheel, fr.

WQLF. TOO.TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

29

JB, 7,

O, silent

Trot'ter,
2.

n.

1.

A beast

that trots.

sheep's foot.

TROU'BA-DOUR/

(110), n. [Fr. troubadour, fr. trouver, to find, invent.] One

of a school of poets who formerly

flourished in the south of France.
(trub'l), v. t. [-ed ; -ing.]
[From Lat. turbare, to disturb, turba,
a disorder, tumult, crowd.] 1. To agitate.
2. To give disturbance or distress to.
n. [From Lat. turbula, a
disorderly group, diminutive of turba, a crowd.] 1. The state of being
troubled. 2. That which gives dis^
turbance or annoyance.
Troub'ler, n. One who troubles.
TROliB'LE-soME, a. Giving trouble.

TroOb'le

Uneasy; perplexing; harassSyn.

ing; annoying; wearisome; importunate.

Troub'le-some-ly,

adv.

So as to

give trouble.

9,G,SO/*; ,G,hard; A; EJIST; NfliNG,; THISv.

TROUBLESOMENESS
Troub'le-s6me-ness,

State or

n.

quality of being troublesome.

a. Full of trouble agitated; afflicted.
Though (trawf, 21), n. [A.-S. trog. Cf.
Tray.]
long, hollow vessel, or
narrow receptacle, or depression.
TROUNCE,!', t. [-ED; -ing.] [0. Fr.
troncer, to cut.]
To punish or beat
severely.
Tr
(troop), n. [Fr. See Troop.]
company esp. of performers in a
play or opera.
*#Trou'er, n. pi. [0. Fr. trousses,
breeches worn by pages, fr. trousse,

TroDb'lous,

oupe

^^

trosse, a bundle, a truss.] A loose

lower garment worn by males.
Syn. Pantaloons. In the United
States, the original word trousers is almost laid aside, the term being only applied to the loose garment of sailors or
laborers, while pantaloons is used in all
other cases. The English adhere to the
old term in respect equally to the dress
of gentlemen and all others, making

use than we do of the word

pantaloons in speaking of this part of
the dress.

much

less

Trousse au (troo'so'),

n. [Fr., from
trousse, a bundle.]
The collective
lighter equipments of a bride.
TROUT, n. [A.-S. truht, Lat. tructa,
tructus, fr. Gr. tpomcttjs, a sea-fish
with sharp teeth, from Tpwyeii/, to

gnaw.]

TRO'VER,
find.]

fresh-water

TRY

450
TRUCK'LE,

wheel.]

[Dim. of trvrlc,
small wheel or caster.

[A.-S. trucian, to fail diminish.]

To yield obsequiously to the will of
another; to submit.
Truck/le-BED, n. A bed that runs
11. i.

Trun'dle-bed, n. A low bed on

ou wheels, and may be pushed under Trunk, n. [Lat. truncus.] 1. Stem
another.
or body of a tree. 2. Body of an
TrDck'man (150), n. One who conanimal, apart from the l'mbs. 3.
veys goods on a truck.
Main body of any thing.
4.
ProTru'cu-lence, In. 1. Ferociousboscis of an elephant. 5. A chest
Tru'U-len-CY,
ness.
2. Tercovered with leather or hide, for con)

ribleness of countenance.
[Lat. trucu(110), a.
lentus, fr. trux, wild, fierce.]
1.
Fierce savage. 2. Of ferocious aspect.
3. Cruel
ruthless.
Trudge, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [Allied to

TRU'eu-LENT

tread.]

travel

To go on foot.
or march with labor.

TROW

Trow'er>,

n. pi.

Troy,

Same

True,

loyal.

S._

exact.

Genuine

TRUE'-BLUE,
and fidelity

a.
;

Faithful

2.

pure

real.

Of inflexible honesty

alluding

to the

once

celebrated true or Coventry blue.

n.

TROY'-WEJGHT

(-wat), )
to have its
Troyes, in France.] A weight
of 12 ounces to the pound, used for
weighing gold, silver, jewels, &c.
Tru'an-cy, n. Act of playing, or state
of being, truant.
Tru'ant, n. [0. Fr., a vagrant, beggar of Celtic origin.] An idler, esp.

name fr.

a pupil who absents himself from

a. Idle, and shirking duty.
school.

stump

cere.

True'lOve'-knot

Truf'FLE

(trn/fl), n.

tuber.]

Tru'ism,

n.

An undoubted

[See

See

A knob

Trunk-hose,

1. A bundle, as of straw.
apparatus used in cases of
3. The rope or iron used to
keep the center of a yard to the
mast. 4. A framed assemblage of
timbers.
v. t. [-ed; -ing.] 1. To
bind close. 2. To skewer, as a fowl.
Trust, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [Icel.
2.

treysta. to confide, confirm, traustr,

faithful, firm
0. Sax. trdstian, to
console.]
1. To confide in ; to rely
on. 2. To believe ; to credit. 3. To
commit, as to one's care to intrust.
;

or self-

[fact.
;

in

[Fr. trompe, Lat. tuba;

trumba, drum.] A trumpet. 2.
A winning card.
[-ed; -ING.] 1. To take with

tingent. 4.
to one.

Triumph.]

v. i.
To be confident, as of something present or future.
n. 1 Reliance on, or confidence in, another.
2. Credit given
belief.
3. Dependence upon something future or con-

and

According to truth

An

hernia.

evident truth."

Icel.

trunk

or
tree.

on each side of a cannon, &c, serving to support it on the carriage.

TRUSS, n. [Fr. trousse, from trousser,
to pack, pack up, fr. Lat. torquere,

mushroom

Trull, n.
Trollop
[See
Troll.] A strumpet.

TRUNK

[0. Fr. trufle,

kind of
found buried in the soil.
Lat.

of

to twist.]

True'-born, a. Of genuine birth.

True'-heart'ed, a. Honest; sin-

(-yun),

n. [0. Fr. trognon,

or pattern;

n.

tree-nail.

a.
[-er -est, 140.]
[A.-S.
treorve, triwe, faithful.
Cf. TROW.]
1. Conformable to fact, or to a rule

Trou- TRJJ'ly, adv.

[Said TRUMP, n. 1.

as

formerly worn.

Trun'nel,

To Trunn'ion

2.

1.

(-nCt), n. A comknot
an emblem of interwoven affectfon.
[truth.
True'ness, n. Quality of being true
An action True'-Pen'ny, n. An honest fellow.

session of any goods, (b.)

to recover damages against one who
found and would not restore goods.
(tro), v. i.
[A.-S. tredwian,
.
treowan.] To believe to think.
fTROW'EL, n. [Lat. trulla, dim. of
trua, a ladle.]
mason's or a gardener's tool.
[SERS.

Large

[0. Fr. trover, truver, to

(Law.) (a.) The gaining pos-

n.

taining clothes, &c.

Trunk'-hose,

plicated

fish.

wheels. 2. To cause to roll.

v. i,
[-ed: -ing.] [A.-S. tryndfled, made
round, fr. tryndel, a sphere, a circle.]
1. To roll, as on little wheels.
2. To
roll, as a hoop.
[little wheels.

n.

That which

committed

is

TRUST-EE', n. One to whom property

is legally committed in trust.
a trump card. 2. [Fr. tromper.] To
3. To impose unfairly
trick.
to Trust'ful, n. Full of trust trusting.
obtrude.
TrOst'i-LY, adv. Faithfully; honTrump'er-y, . [Fr. tromperie, deestly,
[ness.
Worthless but showy matter
TrDst'I-ness, n. Fidelity; faithfulceit.]
v.

t.

hence, rubbish.
a.
Worthless or
deceptive in character.

Trust'worth-y
Worthy

of trust

(-wur/thy),
o.
trusty reliable.
;

Eng. trewis, trewse, fr. Trump'et, n. [See Trump.] A wind TRUST'Y, a. [-er -E&T, 142.] 1. Fit
0*. H. Ger. triwa, triuwa, faith, cominstrument of music. v. t. [-ED
to be confided in reliable.
2.
Not
pact.
See True.] 1. A temporary
To publish by sound of
-ING.]
liable to fall
strong.
cessation of hostilities.
2.
trumpet to proclaim.
TRUTH, n. ;pl. TRUTHS (99) 1. The
Short
quiet.
[lates a truce. TrOmp'et-er, n. 1. One who sounds
quality of being true. 2. Real state
Truce'-break/er, n. One who vioa trumpet. 2.* One who proclaims,
of things reality. 3. An established
Trock, v. t. or i. [-ed -ING.] [Fr.
publishes, or denounces.
principle, fixed law, or the like.
troquer.]
To barter.
TRUNC'ATE, V. t. [-EDJ-ING.] [Lat. TRUTH'FyL, a. Veracious reliable.
n.
1. Exchange of commodities barter. 2.
truncate, -catum, fr. truncus, trunk Truth'ful-LY, adv. In a truthful
Commodities appropriate to barter
a.
manner.
[truthful.
of a tree.] To cutoff; to maim.
hence, small commodities, and someTruth'ful-ness, n. State of being
Appearing as if cut off at the tip.
times, luggage. [Colloq.]
n. [Gr. Trun-ca'tion, n. Act of truncating, Try, v. t.
[-ed; -ing. 142.] [Fr.
1. A small, solid
or state of being truncated.
trier, to cull, to pick out, as if from
rpoxos, a wheel.]
wheel. 2. A low carriage for heavy TrOn'cheon (trun'shun), n.
[Fr.
a Lat. word tritare, fr. terere, tritum,
articles.
3. A frame with wheels,
troncon,
Fr. tronchon, fr. Lat.
to rub, bruise, grind.] 1. To prove;
&c. to carry one end of a locomotive
thyrsus, a stalk, stem, staff.] 1. A
to
to test. 2. To refine, as metals
or car. 4. A small wooden cap at
club. 2. A staff of command.
melt out, as tallow, lard, &c. 3. To
the summit of a mast, &c.
Trun'dle, n. 1. A little wheel. 2. A
subject to severe trial. 4. To exTrOck'age, n. 1. Exchange barter.
amine judicially. 6. To experience.
low cart with small wooden wheels.
2. Pay for conveyance on a truck.
6. To essay.
v. t. 1. To roll, as a thing on little

TRUCE,

n.

[0.

A, ,

i,

o,u, Y,long; A,,I s 6jti,Y,sAor/ cAre, fr, ask, all,

what; ere,

veil,

TERM; pique, fIrm;

s6n,

TRYING
the
generic, to attempt is the specific, term.
may be indifferent as to the result
of a tr-ml, but we rarely attempt any
thing without a desire to succeed.
- v. i. To endeavor
to attempt.
Try'ING, p. a. Adapted to try setry

is

We

vere

An

n.
appointed meeting, or
a place for such meeting.
TUB, n. [D. tobbe ; 0. II. Ger. zuipar,
fr. zivi, two, and beran, to bear.] An
open wooden vessel for various do-

mestic purposes.

Tube,

cylinder; a pipe

Tu'ber,

n.

hollow

a duct a conduit.
a hump, knob.] A
;

[Lat.,
root, as the potato.
Tu'BER-OLE, n. [Lat. tuberculum,
dim. of tuber.]
small mass, or

fleshy,

rounded

Tu-bEr'U-LAR, a. Having tubercles.

TUBE'RO?E, or TU'BER-OSE, n. [Lat.
tuberosum, tuberous.]
A beautiful
plant with a tuberous root.
n.
State of being
tuberous.

Tu'ber-os'I-TY,

TU'BER-OUS,

tuberosus.]
[Lat.
a.
full of, tubers.
n.
mateseries of tubes
rial for tubes.
Tu'bu-lar,
[From Lat. tubua.
TO'BU-LATE,
lus, dim. of tubus, a
tube.] Consisting of a pipe fistular.
Tu'BULE, n. A small tube,
Tu-bu'li-form/, a. [Lat. tubulus, a

Covered with, or

tube, and forma, form.] Having

form of a small tube.
Resembling, or in
a.
the form of, a tube.
Tuck, n. [W. twca, a kind of knife,
twc, a cut, or chip. See infra.] 1.
A long, narrow sword. 2. A horiv. t.
zontal fold in a garment.
[-ED -ING.] [H. Ger. zucken, to
draw with a short and quick motion.]
little

_the

Tu'bu-loDs,

1.

To

fold under.

2.

To

inclose

by

pushing the clothes closely around.

TDck'er,

"where

small, thin piece of

n.
the dress for covering the breast.
Tues'day (tuz'dy), n. [A.-S. Tiwes-

friable stone.
TUFT, n. [Fr. touff'e, for touppe, Prov.
Fr. touffecte, Icel. toppr, a curl, tuft
collection of small,
of hair.] 1.

v.

%.

cordant musical sounds.

;

it

silk lace.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.] [0. H.
Ger. tumilGn, tumOn, A.-S. tumbian.]
;

TU'NI, n. [Lat. tunica.] 1. (Antiq.,

An under-garment worn by both

2. A natural covering
sexes.
aa
integument.
1. To roll about by turning one way
and the other. 2. To be precipitated. T0'NI-LE, n. [Lat. tunicula, dim. dJ
tunica, & tunic] A natural covering.
v. t.
1. To turn over for examiAn instrument
nation to precipitate.
2. To dis- Tun'ing-fork, n.
;

n.
;

TUM'BLER,
2.

n.

rolling over

glass.

4.

for ascertaining the pitch of tunes.

fall.

One who tumbles.

1.

Part of a lock.

3.

drinking

variety of pigeon.

5.

sort of dog.

TiJM'BREL,
TDm'bril,

71.
[0. Fr. tomberel, fr.
tomber, to tumble.] 1.
)
ducking-stool. 2. A rough cart.
3. A military wagon.
4. A kind of
cage for keeping food for sheep.
Tu'me-fag'tion, n. Act or process
of swelling.

Tu'me-fy,

TuN'NAGE,n. See Tonnage.

TDn'nel, n. [From tun.] 1. A

ves-

with a tube at one end, for trans2. An arch or passage under ground for railways, &c.
[-ed; -ing, 137.] 1. To
v. t.
form into a tunnel. 2. To make an
opening for passage through or under, as a mountain or river.
sel

ferring liquors.

ovi. [-ED -ING, 142.]

[Lat. tumef/icere ; tumere, to swell,
and facere, to make.] To swell; to
puff up
to distend.
Tu'MID, a. [Lat. tumidus, fr. tumere,
to swell.] 1. Swelled or distended.
v.

t.

TUN'NY,

n.
[Gr. 0wvos, 0wo?, from
Bvvetv, to rush or dart along.]
fish
of the mackerel family.
TUR'BAN, n. [0. Eng. turband, tulibant, from Per. dulband, from dulai,

double, and band, a bandage.] A

head-dress, consisting of a cap and a
sash wound about the cap.
2. Protuberant.
TtJR'BA-RY, n. [L. Lat. turbaria, from
3. Bombastic.
Tu-mid'i-ty, In. State or quality of
Lat. turba, turf.] 1. A right of digTu'mid-ness,
being tumid.
ging turf on another man's land. 2.
TO'MOR, n. [Lat., from tumere, to
Ground where turf is dug.
swell.]
A morbid swelling on any TUR'BID, a. [Lat. turbidus, fr. turba,
part of the body
tumult, disturbance.] Roiled mudTump, n. [W. twmp, twm, a round
dy thick.
[being turbid.
heap.] A little hillock a knoll.
Tur'bid-ness, n. State or quality of
[-ed -ING.] To form a mass TUR'Bl-NATE,
v. t.
\a. [Lat. turbinatus,
TUR'BI-NA'TED, } fr. turbo, turbinis,
of earth round, as a plant.
Tu'MU-LAR, a.
[Lat. tumulus, a
a whirl, top.] Shaped like a top or
mound.] Formed or being in a heap.
cone inverted.
Tu'MULT, n. [Lat. tumultus, fr. tu- Tur'bi-na'tion, n. Act of spinning
mere, to swell.]
1. Commotion, or
or whirling, as a top.
agitation of a multitude, usually ac- Tur'bine, n.
[Lat. turbo, turbinis,
companied with great noise. 2. High
that which whirls round.]
A horiexcitement.
zontal water-wheel, with a series of
curved floats upon the periphery.
Syn.
Uproar
disturbance ; dis;

order

confusion

TUR'BOT,

hubbub.

Tu-mult'u-A-RI-ly, adv.
multuary manner.
Tiw, the god of war, and

dag, fr.
dag, a day.] Third day of the week.
Tu'fA, or Tu'FA, n. [It. tufo, soft,
sandy stone.]
A soft porous or

To put

Tune'ful, a. Melodious musical.

Unmusical.
[Fr. from Tulle, in France, TuNE'LESS,a.
TUN'ER, n. One who tunes.
A
kind
of
was first made.]

flower.
Tulle , n.

aggregation of diseased matter.

Tub'ing,

turb.

tubus.]

[Lat.

n.

ducbend, a turban
from its shape.]
bulbous plant, and its beautiful

TDm'ble,

afflictive.

Tryst,

TURGESCENCY
in tune.
To form ac

451

Syn. To attempt. To

Tu-MULT'U-A-RY

(44), a.

by, or producing,

Tu-MiJLT'u-ous,a.

In a tu-

[Fr. turbot, AY. torbiot.]

n.

nearly circular.
n. Quality of being
turbulent a disturbed state.
flat fish,

Tur'bu-lence,
Attended

TfjR'BU-LENT,

a. tumult.

Conducted with
Greatly agitated. 3. Tur1.

tumult. 2.
bulent violent.

fr.

motion.
tion.

a.

turba, disorder.]
3.

2.

[Lat. turbulentus,
1. In violent com-

Disposed to insubordina-

Producing commotion.

Tu-MULT'u-OUS-LY, adv. In a tuSyn. Disturbed agitated; tumultuous riotous.

multuous or disorderly manner.
2. A TU-MULT'U-OUS-NESS, n. Commotion. Tur'bu-lent-ly, adv.
flexible things in a bunch.
In a turbutu'mu-li.
[-ED; -ING.] To Tv'mu-lus, n. ; pi.
u. t.
lent manner
tumultuously.
cluster
[Lat., a mound.]
An artificial hill- TU-REEN', n. [From Fr. terrine, from
separate into, or adorn with, tufts.
ock, especially one raised over an
terre, earth.] A large, deep vessel for
TOft'Y, a. Growing in tufts.
ancient grave.
soup, at table.
TDg.u. t. or*', [-ged; -GING,] [A.-S.
tedhan, teon (p. p. togen), tedgan, to TUN,n. [A.-S. tunne .] 1. Alargecask. Turf. n. ; pi. TURFg.
[A.-S., allied
2. A measure for liquids, consisting
pull, draw.]
To pull or draw with
toGael. tarp, a clod.] 1. Upper stra;

n.

1. A pull with the

A steam-vessel to
drawing-strap, of a

v.
tum of earth filled with roots sward.
of two pipes or four hogsheads.
[-NED
t.
-NING.] To put into
2. Peat.
3. Horse-racing.
v. t.
tuns or casks.
[-ED -ING.] To cover with turf. '
TUN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being tuned; TfJRF'Y, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] Aboundharness.
Tu-I'TION (-lsh'un), n. [Lat. tuitio,
hence, musical tuneful.
ing with turf.
from tueri, to see, watch.] 1. Guar- TUNE, n. [A different spelling of tone.] Tur'gent, a. [Lat. turgevs, swelling.]
1. A rhythmical, melodious series of
dianship. 2. Instruction. 3. Money
1. Swelling.
2. Bombastic.
musical tones
a melody. 2. Pitch TUR-GES'CENCE,
paid for instruction, [ing to tuition.
71. 1. ActofswellTu-I'TION-A-RY (-Tsh'un-^a. Pertainof the voice or an instrument. 3. Tur-ges'9EN-9Y, )
ing, or state of
Order concord.
Tu'lip, n.
[Turk. & Per. tulbend,
v. t. [-ED -ING.]
being swelled. 2. Pompousness.

great effort.

utmost

'

tow

effort.

ships.

3.

2.

OR, DO,

WQLF, TOO, TOOK URN, RUE, PULL

J

E,

I,

O, silent

<?,

G, soft; , g, hard; Ag;

EIST

NosNS; THIS

TURGID
a. [Lat. turgidus, from turgere, to swell.] 1. Distended beyond
the natural state ; bloated. 2. Swell-

Syn. Tumid
Tur-gid'i-ty,
TUR'GID-NESS,

bombastic.

pompous

inflated.

State or quality

n.

of being turgid.

platform, for turning locomotives,

and the like.

TUR'PEN-TINE,

n. [Lat. terebinthinus,

of the turpentine-tree. See TEREBINTH.] An oleo-resinous substance,

from several species of trees.
TUR'PI-TUDE (53), n. [Lat. turpitudo;
Inherent baseturpis, foul, base.]
ness of principle, words, or actions.

Sur'key, n. [Erroneously thought

to have come orig. from Turkey.] A Tur-quois'

large fowl, a native of America.

QCOrk'ish, a.
Relating to Turkey or
'

[TURQUOIS.

the Turks.

Tur-kois/

(-keez',

TUR'MER-IC

Same as
n.
[N. Lat. terra-

38),

(123), n.

merita, turnierica.] An East Indian

plant and its root, used for dyeing.
TUR'MOIL, n. [From turn and moil,
to labor.] Harassing labor; trouble.
Turn, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [Gr. Topvos,
a turner's chisel, ropveveiv, to turn,
to work with a lathe; A.-S. tyrnan,
;

to turn.] 1. To form in a lathe. 2.

To give form to. 3. To cause to reTo cause to present a
volve.
4..
different side. 5. To give another direction or tendency to. 6. To use or
employ. 7. To alter to transform.
1. To have a circular mov. i.
To
2.
to change position.
tion

(-koiz' or -keez', 38), n.

it came first from
[Fr. turquoise. ;

also, to

ing; a brief walk. 5. Incidental ocpur6. Occasion

casion or deed.
;

pose.

7_.

Form

shape

n.
One
his party or principles

fashion.
forsakes

who

TfjRN'-COAT,

a renegade.

A bluish green mineral.

A cooper's tool.

Turkey.]
TijR'REL,,n.

Tur'ret,

n.
[0. Fr. tourette, dim.
of tower, tower.] A small eminence
or spire attached to a building.
TUR'RET-ED,/. a. Having turrets.
TUR'TLE (tiir'tl), n. 1. [A.-S. turtle,
Lat. turlur, dim.
turturilla.] A gal-

linaceous bird

dove.

corrupted
toise.]

toise

sea-toroften ap-

woolen

stuff.

Twee'dle,

v.

To handle

I.

hence, to coax

Twee'zers.,

n. pi.

lightly;

to allure.
[0. Eng. twerze,

a surgeon's box of instruments,

fr.

etui, a case.]
Small pincers
used to pluck out hairs, &c.

Fr.

Twelfth,

a.
The ordinal of twelve
One of twelve equal parts.
(-nit), n.
The

n.

Twelfth'-night

&

a.

n.

[A.-S.

tivelf

n.

-lif,

year,

n.

A shilling

ster-

times twenty.

Twen'ti-eth,

n.

a.

Ordinal of twenty.

One of twenty equal

parts.
n.
[A.-S. Uvcntig,
twentig, fr. ticegen, two, and tig, a
decade.] Twice ten.

TWEN'TY,
Twice,

animals.

&

a.

adv.

times.
(tuskt),

(101),

about twenty-four cents.

a. & v.
Twelve

ling, or

ed tooth of certain

Tusked

pull with a sudden jerk and

twist.
n.
A sharp pinch or jerk.
n.
A light, twilled cotton or

Twelve'score,

[A.-S. tusc,
long, poiut-

The

and

Tweed,

Twelve'-pence,

TURTLE.

a.

n.

idly.

or twelve calendar months.

tortoise.

n.
See
Pertaining to one of the orders of architecture.
TUSH, interj.
Indicating check, rebuke,
or contempt.

tux.]

Tattle.] To

much and

Twelve'month

any kind of

plied to

[See

i.

[A.-S. twiraan, to
v. t.
twitch, pull. See Twitch.] To pinch

TUR'TLE-DOVE,
Tus'CAN,

v.

to talk

Goth, tvalif, from tva, two, and

ten.]
Two and ten a dozen.

prate

Tweak,

of ,the twelfth day after

Christmas, or Epiphany.

tor-

fr.

Twat'tle,

Twelve,

[Prob.

2.

that made by a stretched string suddenly pulled and let go. 2. A nasal
sound of the voice.

evening

called also turtle-

to depend. 3. To be changed
become by changes. 4. To
become acid; to sour. n. 1. Act
2. Change of direction.
of turning.
4. A wind- TOsk,
3. Change; alteration.

hinge

TWINGE

452

TUR'GID,

ing in style or language

;;

2.

[Cf.

Furnished with tusks. Tuscan Order.

Thrice.]

1.

Two

Doubly.

Twi'fXl-l5w,

a.

[-ed
-ing.]
[A.-S. twi, two, and Eng. fallow.]
To plow a second time
said of
v.

i.

TURN'ER, n. One who turns; esp. T0s'SLE,ra. [See Tousle andTousE.]

A struggle; a conflict. v. i. [-ED;
land that is fallowed.
one who forms articles with a lathe.
-ing.] To struggle to scuffle.
TURN'ER-Y, n. Art of fashioning solid
Twig, n. [A.-S. twig, from twi, twig,
bodies by means of a lathe.
TUT, interj.
Be still;
two, i. e.,& bisection of the trunk.]
an exclamation used for checking or rebuking.
TURN'ING, n. 1. A winding: flexure.
A small shoot of a tree or shrub.
Tu'TE-LAGE, n. [Lat. tutela, protec- Twig'gy, a. Abounding with twigs.
2. Deviation from the proper course.
tion.]
TURN'ING-POINT, n. Point on which
1. Guardianship. 2. State of Twi'LIGHT (-lit), n.
[A.-S. twednbeing under a guardian.
a question turns, and which decides
leoht, i. e., doubtful light, fr. tweona,
Tu'te-lar, \a.
a case.
Guardian; prodoubt, fr. twi, two, and led/it, light.]
TfJR'NiP, n. [Perh. fr. W. turn, round, TU'TE-LA-RY,
tecting.
The faint light before sunrise and
a.
and meipen, maip, a turnip, A.-S. Tu'TOR, n. [Lat. tutor, fr. tueri, to
after sunset.
1. Shaded; obwatch, defend.]
A plant and its
nape, Lat. napus.]
One who watches
scure. 2. Seen or done by twilight.
over, or has the care of, another
bulbous edible root.
Twill, v. t. [See Quill.] To weave,
specifically, (a.) A private or public
Turn'key (148), n. One who has
so as to produce diagonal lines on
;

charge of the keys of a prison.

Turn'-out

(147), n.

1.

track on a railroad; 2.

TURN'PIKE,
2.

A short side
An equipage.

turnstile. [Obs.]
n. 1.
toll-gate, or gate set across a
turnpike-road.
v. t.
3.

road.

teacher. (6.)

An instructor of a

lower

rank than a

professor.

[-ED

-ING.] 1.
or care of

v.

t.

To have the guardianship

to teach

to instruct.

2.

To treat with authority or severity.

Tu'tor-age, n. Office of a tutor.

[-ED -tng.]
To form in the man- Tl"'TOR-ESS, n. A female tutor.
Tu-to'ri-AL. a. Belonging to, or exner of a turnpike-road.
ercised by, a tutor.
n.
A road on
:

Turn'pike-road,

which_toll-gates are established.

[Fr. tournesol, from
n.
tourner, to turn, and Lat. sol.] A
heliotrope.

Turn'SOLE,
Turn'spit,

n.

One

who

turns a spit;
hence, a menial.

TURN'STlLE,

n.

A
i,

large

d.

[See

?'.

weak and

Silly talk

Turnstile.

Twad'dler, n.
Twain, a. or n.

manner.

[A.-S. twegen, twa,

Two.
v.

i.

-ing.] [Cf. Tang,

zwang, constraint,
the sound of a tense

[-ed

6,tj,Y, short;

1.

twi, two.]
1. To twist
to form by twisting. 2. To
v. i.
1. To
to entwine.
unite closely. 2. To wind to bend.
n.
[D. twijn, Icel. tvinni, a
1. A
See supra.]
double thread.

twinan,

together

One who twaddles.

string suddenly pulled.

v. t.
To
make to sound, as a tense string.
n.

1,% } 1,

Tattle.] To

silly

gabble.

3, and Ger.
force.] To make

revolving

E.I, 5,tj, Y,long;

n.

Twang,

A
n.

talk in a

two.]

revolving frame in
a footpath.

Turn'-ta'ble,

Twad'dle,

the surface.
n.
1. An appearance
of diagonal lines in textile fabrics.
A fabric with a twill.
[A.-S. twin, double; twi,
Twin, n.
two. Cf. Twine.] l.One of two produced at a birth. 2. pi. A constellation and sign of the zodiac.
a. Being one of two born at a birth, or of
a pair much resembling one another.
Twine, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
2.

harsh, quick sound, like

embrace

fr.

twist.

round.

Twinge,

2.

3.
v.

Act of twining or winding

A
t.

small cord or string.

[-ed; -ing.] [Allied

and twang.] 1. To pinch.

To torment with pinching or sharp

to tweak,
2.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE. YELL, TERMj PIQUE, FIRM; S6lf

TWINKLE
pains.

ULCERATE

453

v. i.
To have a sudden, TvKE,n. [See Tike, 2.] A dog, or
2. A
one who is as contemptible as a dog.
sharp pain.
n.
1. A pinch.
local
pain.
TYM'BAL, ii. [Gr. tv^.ito.vov, fr. tvttdarting,
TWINK'LE (twlnk'l), V. i. [-ED -ING.]
tslv, to beat.] A kind of kettle-drum.
1. To wink.
[A.-S. Uvindian.]
2. TYM'PAN, n. [Gr. TVfx-rvavov, a kettledrum, a door-panel.] 1. A panel.
To sparkle to flash at intervals.
2. A frame on which the blank sheets
Twink'le, In. 1. A quick motion
TwInk'ling, \ of the eye a wink.
are put for printing.
[Gr. rvftiiavov, a
a moment. 3. TYM'PA-NUM, n.
2. Time of a wink

1.
kettle-drum, panel of a door.]
Middle portion of the ear, or the
membrane separating it from the exthwiril, a churn-staff, a flail.
Cf.
ternal passage. 2. Panel of a door.
Thwart, Quirl.] To move and
turn rapidly with the fingers.
v. i. TYM'PA-NY, n.
[Gr. rufjuravias, from
A flatuA
Tv/x-rravov, a kettle-drum.]
To revolve with velocity.
n.
lent distention of the belly.
rapid circular motion; a whirling.
[-ED -ING.] [A.-S., TYPE, n. [Gr. rviros, from tvittscv, to
TwIst, V. t.
beat, strike.] 1. Mark or impression
cloth of double thread, fr. twi, two.]
of something stamp. 2. Kind sort.
1. To contort.
2. To pervert. 3. To
3. Aggregate of characteristic qualwreathe to wind. 4. To unite by
ities the representative. 4. A token
winding one thread or strand round
To be contorted or
a sign.
5. (a.) A letter or other
another.
v. i.
character for printing from,
(b.)
united by winding round each other.
Types collectively.
n. 1. A contortion; a bending. 2.
Form given in twisting. 3. That which
GO" The types which compose an ordinary book-font consist of Roman
[twists.
is formed by twisting.
CAPITALS, small capitals, and
TWIST'ER, n. One who, or that which,
lower-case letters, and Italic CAPTwit, v. t. [-ted -ting.] [A.-S. dtITALS and lower-case letters, with acwitan, to blame, from at, at, to, and
companying figures, points, and reference-marks.
Besides the ordinary
To vex
witan, to know, reproach.]
Roman and Italic, the most imporby reminding of a fault or defect, &c.
tant varieties of face are
Twitch, r. t. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S.twicin eitslfsj), or 3Slacfc Setter,
cian.]
To pull with a sudden jerk
to snatch.
n. A pull with a jerk.

Scintillation

TWlRL

a sparkling.
[-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.

(18), V.

t.

TwiT'TER,r.

[-ed;-ing.] [O.H.
1.
Ger. zivizarGn. Cf. TITTER.]
t.

twrsan,

dwi.\

two, Lat. duo, Gr. Svo, Skr.

One and

one.

Two'-edged

(to"o/-ejd), a.
sides.

an edge on both

Two'fold
tiplied

(too'-), a.

adv.

by two.

trod,

2.

(to~o/-), a. 1. Having
Used with both hands.

(too 7 -), n. A small English coin equivalent to two pennies.

,

Two'-PLY

(tc~o / -), a.

Old

GOTHIC.

Style,

Type'-found'er,

ii.

One who man-

ufactures type.

used fur making type.

Double; mul- Ty'PHCID, a. [Gr. tv<>woV, fr. tv<os,
stupor from fever, and elSo<;, likeIn a double

Two'-hand'ed
two hands.

Antique,

Full-face,

TYPE'-MET'AL (-met'al or -met'l), n.

Having
A compound of lead and antimony,

Two'-PENCE

Woven double

by incorporating two sets of threads

of the warp and two sets of the weft.

Typ'1-al-ness,
ity of

ness. ]_Pertaining to, or like, typhus.

Ty-phoon', n.
[Lat. typlw'n, Gr.
rvcjiiav, a violent whirlwind.]
viotornado
in
the
Chinese seas.
Jent
Ty'phus, n. [Gr. tv(/)os, smoke, stupor from fever, fr.Tu<f>e/, to smoke ]

continuous fever attended with

great prostration.

State or qual-

n.

being typical.

TYP'I-FY,

V.

[-ED

t.

[Gr. Timos, type,

-ING, 142.]

and Lat. facere,

to

make.] To represent by an image, or

resemblance.

Ty-pog'ra-pher, or Ty-pog'rapher, ii. A printe^

Typ'o-graph'k:, or Ty'po- a. Pergraph-i,
taining
TYPjO-GRAPH'ie-AL,
or f to tyTy'po-graph'ic-al,
pograJ
~)

phy-

Ti P'0-GRAPH'l-AL-LY,
graph'I-al-ly, adv.
r

TY'PO-

or

By means

of type.

Ty-pog'ra-phy, or Ty-pog'ra-phy,
n.
[Gr. twos, type, and ypdfyeiv, to
Art of printing.

write.]

TY-RAN'Nre,
Ty-RAN'nI-al,
ly severe in

Pertaining to
unjust-

a.

a tyrant
)
government.

Ty-ran'NI-al-ly, adv. In a tyrannical manner.

Ty-ran'ni-cide, ii. [From Lat. lyrannus, a tyrant, and exdere, to
kill.]

Act' of killing a tyrant.

tyrant.

1.

One who kills a

TYR'AN-NIZE, v.
Tyr'an-nous,

[A.-S.

act the tyrant

power.

To make a succession of small, tremulous, inteimitted noises. 2. To have

a slight trembling of the nerves.
n. 1. A small, intermitted noise. 2.
A slight trembling of the nerves.

Two (t(Fo), a. & n.

Typ'I,
a.
[Gr. tvttikos, from
Typ'I-al,
twos, type.] Representing something by a form, model,
or resemblance figurative.
Typ'I- al-ly adv. In a typical manner figuratively

rannical

TYR'AN-NY,
Tyrant.]

2.

[-ed; -ing.] To

i.

to exercise arbitrary

Like a tyrant

a.

ty-

arbitrary.
ti.
[Gr.

rvpavvCa. See
1. Arbitrary or despotic
exercise of power. 2. Cruel government or discipline.
TY'RANT, n. [Gr. Tvpavvos, orig. an
absolute sovereign, afterward a cruel
2. A
ruler.]
1. An absolute ruler.
despotic ruler
a cruel master.
Tyr'i-an, a. 1. Relating to Tyre. 2.
Being of a purple color, like a celebrated dye formerly prepared at Tyre.
;

Ty'ro,

n.

pi.

ty'ros.

[Lat. tiro.]

A
A

beginner in learning; a novice.

person imperfectly acquainted
with a subject.
Tzar (zar), n. The emperor of Rus1.

2.

sia.

See

Czar.

tTG'LY,

a.

[-ER

U.
U(yo~o) is the

twenty-first letter

and

the fifth vowel in the English

alphabet. See Principle-'! of Pronun_ ciation, 29-34, and 52, 53.
[Lat. ubi, where.]
U-BI'E-TY, n.
The state of being in a place local
;

relation.

'Existing every

fj-BIQ'UI-TA-RY,
U-BlQ'ui-TOUS,
_ omuipresent.

fj-BIQ'UI-TY, n.

[Lat. ubique, every

OR,

a.

where at once

DO,wpLF,TOO,TOOIij

fjRN,

where.] Existence in all places at

the same time omnipresence.
[A.-S. ilder, ildr, Skr.
n.
dd/iar.] The gland of a female mam;

Cd'DER,

_ mal in which milk

U-DOM'E-TER,
moist, and Gr.
A rain-gauge.

ii.

secreted.
[Lat. udus, wet,

is

(jLerpov,

a measure.]

&g'li-ness, n. 1. Want of beauty.

2. Turpitude of mind.
3. Ill-nature

rue, pull

crossness.
;

E,

I,

o, silent

-EST, 142.]

[A.-S.

egle, egele, troublesome, hateful.] 1.

Offensive to the sight. 2. Ill-natured cross-grained.
U-KASE', 11. [Russ. iikas, fr. Jcasatj, to
show, say.] In Russia, an imperial
order, having the force of law.
tTL'^'ER, n. [Lat. ulcus, ulceris.] A
continuous sore discharging pus.
th/CER-ATE, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] To
become ulcerous.
v. t.
[Lat. tdce;

q,&,sojl; ,&,hard; A; EIST;

as

ng; this

ULCERATION
make ulcerous.
UVcer-a'tion, n
of an ulcer.

2.

UNANSWERABLE

454
BLES and Nombles.]

To

rare, -ratum, fr. ulcus, ulcer.]

unchecked,

uncircumcised, unclouded,
uncompounded, unconjined, uncongealed,
unconquered, unconstrained, uncultivated, undecided, undefended, undefiled,
undeserved, undesigned, undigested, undiminished, undimmed, undisguised, undisturbed, uneducated, unemployed, unenlightened, unexhausted, unexplained,
unexjjlored, unjathomed, unforeseen, unJulfilled, unfurnished, unguarded, unguessed, unharmed unheeded, unhelped,
unhonored, unimj/eached, uninclosed,
uninhabited, uninspired, unleavened, unlettered, unloved, unmarried, unmasked,
unmatched, unmingled, unmitigated, unmixed, unmoved, unnerved, unnoticed,
unobserved, unobstructed, unornamented,
unperceived, unpolished, unpracticed,
unpremeditated,
unprepared, unprotected, unprovoked, unpunished, unread,

Entrails of

a deer.

An

fjM'BRAGE,

The forming

1.

ulcer.

1.

Bl'cer-ous, a. 1. Having the nature of an ulcer. 2. Affected with

umbra, a shade.]
Shade, or that which affords a

shade.
offense

n. [Lat.

2.
Suspicion
resentment.

of

injury

ulcers.
UM-BRA'GEOtJS, a.
[Lat. umbra, a
U-liG'I-nous, a. [Lat. uliginosus, fr.
shade.] 1. Forming a shade.
2.
uligo, moisture.]
Shady; shaded.
Oozy; slimy.
tfo/LAGE, n.
State or
[Prob. fr. D. vullen, to Um-bra'geous ness, n.
quality of being umbrageous.
fill.]
What a cask wants of bein
[Lat. umbra, a
full.
[the fore-arm.]JflftjM-BREL'LA, n.
UL'nar, a. Relating to the bones of
See Umbel.]
A concave
shade.
Ul-TE'RI-OR, a. [Lat., compar. of idportable screen from the sun, or
ler, that is beyond.]
1.
from rain or snow.
Situated
beyond. 2. Remoter; more distant. fJM'Pl-RAGE, n. 1. Eight of an umtfl/Tl-MATE (45), a. [L. Lat. ultimapire to decide.
2. Decision of an

ii

extreme, fr. Lat. ultimus,

furthest, last.] 1. Furthest; most remote. 2. Last in a train of progression. 3. Incapable of further analysis.
tus, last,

Syn.

See Final.
;

[N.

n.

Lat.]

final proposition or condition.

UL'TI-MO,n.

[Lat. (sc.

mense), in

the last month.] The last month

preceding the present.
fjL'TRA, a.
[Lat., fr. ulter, that is
beyond or on the other side.] Disposed to go beyond others radical.
n.
One who advocates extreme
measures.
tri/TRA-IsM, n.
Principles of men
who advocate extreme measures.
E'L'TRA-IST, n. A radical.

tjL/TRA-MA-RINE', a.
[Lat. ultra,
beyond, and marinus, marine.] Sitn.
uated or being beyond the sea.
[So called because it was originally
brought/roTn beyond the sea, or from
Asia.]
A bluepigment.
tjL'TRA-lVlON'TANE, a. [Lat. ultra,
beyond, and montanus, belonging to
Being beyond the
a mountain.]
mountains, or Alps.
fjL'TRA-MON'TA-Ni.sM, n. The principles of those who maintain extreme views as to the Pope's supremacy
so used by those living

north of the Alps.

fjL'U-LA'TION, n. [Lat. ululatio.] A
howl, as of the wolf or dog.
Om'BEL, . [Lat. umbella, dim. of
umbia. shade.]
A kind of flower
cluster, as in the carrot.

fjM'BEL-LAR, a.
having the form
fjM'BEL-LATE,

Cm'bel-la'ted,
to,

Pertaining to, or
of,
)

an umbel.

a.

Bearing

um-

bels; pertaining
or resembling, an umbel.
)

UM'BEL-LIF'ER-OIJR,
bella audferre, to
umbels.

Cm'BER,
where

n.

it

is

[Lat. umbear.] Bearing

a.

[From Umbria, in Italy,

said to have been first

obtained.] An ocherous ore of iron,

used as a pigment.
Um-bil'I,
) a.
[Lat. umbilicus,
Um-Bil'I-al, i
Perthe navel.]
taining to the navel.
fjM'BLEs (unVblz), n. pi. [See HUMA.,

satisfied,

[0. Eng. impier, umnompeyr, fr. Fr. impair,

nompair, uneven, i. e., a third.] A
third person, to whose decision a

pier, also

controversy

fjL'TI-MATE V. t. & i. [-ED -1NG.]

To come or bring to an end.
tjL'Tl-MATE-LY, adv. Finally.

Ul'ti-ma'tum,

unreconciled, unrefined, unrelated, unrepresented, unresisted, unrewarded, ununscathed, unsettled, unshared,

unsheltered, unshod, unshorn, unskilled,
unsolicitr,/, unsought, unstinted, unstudied, unsullied, unsurpassed, unsvsj ected,
vntasted, untaught, unterrified, untried,
untutored unvaried, unwarranted, unwedded, unwept, and the like. (3.) To
present participles which come from
intransitive verbs, or are themselves employed as adjectives, to mark the absence of the activity, disposition, or condition implied by the participle; as unaccommodating, unaspiring, unavailing,
unblenching, uncalculating, unchanging,

umpire.
fJM'PlRE, n.

is referred.
See Judge.
fjN.
[A.-S. un, allied to Gr. av, a,
Skr. an, a, Lat. in.] A negative
prefix which may be attached at will
to almost any English adjective, or
participle used adjectively, while it
is also attached to less numerous
classes of nouns and verbs.
As the

Syn.

former class of words

in extent,

is

uncomplaining, unconsuming, unconvincing, undeserving, undiminisliing, undiscerning, undoulting, unedifying, unenvying, unfading, unfaltering, unflinching,
ungrudging, unheeding, uninteresting,
uninviting, unloving, unmoving, unobserving, unoffending, unpi tying, unpleusing, unquestioning, unrejaning, unresisting, unresting, unsearching, unseeing,
unshrinking, unsuspecting, unsympathizing, unvarying, unwavering, and the like.

unlimited

and such compounds may

be formed by any writer or speaker

from almost all the adjectives and
participles in the language, very
many of them will be omitted from
this Dictionary, more especially such
as are negations of the simple word,

Un-a'ble

and are explained by prefixing a not

having

to the latter
also, derivatives of
these words in ly and ness. A pretty
full list of these words is subjoined.

edge,

Un

prefixed to

or to
adjectives, to denote the absence of the
quality designated by the adjective as,
unaccordant, unalterable, unambitious,
unanxious, vn appreciable, unapproachable, unartificial, unattainable, unbearable, unbroiherly, uncandid, uncanonical, unchangeable, uncheerful, unclassical, uncommercial, uncongenial, uncordial, uncourtly, indefinable, undemocratic, undesirable, undevout, undistingvishable, undutiful, unendurable, unEnglish, unenviable, uneventful, unfamiliar, unfeminine, vnfraternal, ungenial,ungenteel, ungentle, un gentlemanly,
ungrammatical, unimportant uninhabitable, unintelligible, unjustifiable, unkingly, unmaidenly, unmanageable, unmeet,
unmelodious, unmindjxd, unmotherly,
unmusical, unobservant, unpardonable,
unpatriotic, unphilanlhropic, unphilosophic, un poetic, unpronounceable, unquenchable, unrational, unremvnerative,
is

adjectives,

words used adjectively;

as, (1.)

To

unromantic,

unsalable,

uncatis factory,

unscholarly, unscientific, Unselfish,

un-

(-a'bl), a. Not able

not
sufficient strength, knowl;

skill,

or the

like.

tjN'AC-CEPT'A-BLE, a. Not acceptable not welcome displeasing.

fjN'A-6M'PLlSHjeD (-plisht), a. 1.
Not performed. 2. Not refined by
:

culture.

thv'AC-eouNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not responsible. 2. Not to be accounted

for

inexplicable.

thv'AC-COUNT'A-BLY, adv. In an unaccountable manner.

TjN / AD-vTs'A-BLE, a. Not advisable;
inexpedient.
a.
1. Not advised;
not discreet. 2. Rash inconsiderate.
TJn'ad-vis'ed-ly, adv. Without due

tjN'AD-vigD',

consideration.

n'af-feT'ed.

a.

a.

Not amiable; un-

unwarlike, unwatchful, unweary, unwelcome, unwomanly, unworldly, and the

U-NAN'I-MOtJS,

lovely

fr.

what

units, one,

Of one mind

care, far, Ask, all,

Agreement in

opinion or determination.

like.

E, i,o,u, y, long ,-X,E,I, 6, u, , short;

affected

Un-A'mi-a-ble,

ill-natured.
IKna-nim'i-ty, n.

unabated, unabridged, unaccented, unadorned, unadulterated, unaided, unaltered, unanswered, unappreciated, unarmed, unasked, unassisted, unattempted,
unattended, unbaptized, unbiased, unbleached, unbought, uncalled, unchanged,

Not

serviceable, un substantial, unsuspicious,

untenable, unthankful, untidy, unrocal,

(2.) To past passive participles, to

indicate the ahsence of the condition
or state expressed by the participle as,

1.

or moved. 2. Not affected or artisimple: natural.

tWAF-FECT'ED-LY, adv. In an un[mixed pure.
affected manner.
tjN'AL-LOY-ED', a. Not alloyed unficial

unanimus,
and animus, mind.] 1.
harmonious. 2- With
[Lat.

a.

the agreement of

all.

U-nXn'i-mous-ly, adv.
mous manner.

Un-an'swer-a-ble
.

swerable

In a unani-

Not an.
not capable of refutation.
(-ser-), .

ere, veil, term; pique, firm; s6n,

UNANSWERABLY
Un-Xn'swer-a-bly

(-an'ser-), adv.

In a manner Dot to be answered.

Un-apt', a. Not apt; dull; unskillunsuitable.
UN-APT'LY, adv.
ful

[ner.

UNDERMOST

455
pound

or a foot, fr. uncia, an ounce,

inch.] Pertaining to letters of a large
compounded between the capital
and smaller characters.
n. An un-

size,

Un-6v'er

(-kBVer), v. t. 1. To take
the cover from to lay open. 2. To
take off the hat or cap of.
v. i. To
take off the hat.
UNe'TION, n. [Lat. unctio,fv.ungere.

In an unapt mancial letter.

to anoint.] 1. Act of anointing. 2.
UN' as-sum'ing, a. Not assuming; Un-civ'il, a. Not civil not courteous.
An ointment. 3. That quality which
not bold humble modest.
Syn. Uncourteous; impolite; rude.
Un'a-void'a-ble, a.
1. Incapable Un-ciVil-IzeD, a.
excites
strong devotion
religious
civilized;
Not
fervor and tenderness.
of being made null or void. 2. Nenot reclaimed from savage life.
inevitable.
UNGT'u-os'l-TY.
n.
or
quality
cessary
State
Un-civ'il-ly, adv.
In an uncivil
UVa-VOID'a-BLY, adv. Necessarily.
of being unctuous.
manner rudely.
tJN'A-WARE', a. Not aware without Un-lAsp', v. t. To open or loose, as Ungt'u-ous, a- [L. Lat. unctuosus,
fr. Lat. unctus, an ointment.]
thought inattentive.
Fat;
what is clasped.
oily
greasy.
thv'A-WARE',
adv. Without previ- Un'LE (urjk'l), a. [From Lat. avunNot daunted not
fjN'A-WAREg',
ous design or prepculus, a maternal uncle.] A father's Un-daunt'ed, a.
to be subdued or depressed by fear.
aration suddenly.
or mother's brother.
Un-BAR', v. t. To unfasten to open. Un-ceean', a. 1. Not clean; foul;
Syn. Bold; fearless; brave intrepid.
UN'BE-eOM'lNG, a. Not becoming;
2. Ceremonially or morally
dirty.
;

unsuitable

indecent

indecorous.

tTN'BE-KNOWN'f-non/), n. Unknown.
Un/be-lief', .. 1. Incredulity. 2.
Skepticism infidelity.
See Di sbelief.
Syn.
;

Un

be-liev*er,!.

person.

Syn.

2.

An incredulous

1.

skeptic

an

a.

v.

To open,

t.

closed hand.

as the

[disclose.
open. 2. To

Incredulous.

palpably true

a. Not common
not
hence remarkable strange.

Un-om'mon,
usual

Un-BEND', v. t. 1. To make straight.

Syn. Hare; scarce; infrequent.
2. To set at ease for a time
to relax.
Un-OM'mon-ly, adv. In an uncom3. To unfasten from the yards and
mon
manner or degree.
stays, as sails.
UN-BEND'ING, p. a. 1. Not suffering Un-com'mon-ness (109), n. Rareness
;

flexure.

2.

Unyielding

of occurrence

inflexible.

infrequency.

UN-BIND', V. t. [-BOUND -BINDING.] Un-coM'pro-mis'ing, a. Not admitting of compromise obstinate.

To untie to loose.
Cn'GON-cErn', a. Want of concern
2.
1. Not blest.
Un-blest', a.
from solicitude.
freedom
^
Wretched; unhappy.
Un-bolt', v. t. To remove a bolt C'N^eoN-CERN.ED', a. Not concerned
feeling no solicitude
easy in mind.
from to open.
Un-Born' (126), a. Not born still UN/CON-CERN'ED-EY, /v. In an un;

to appear

concerned manner

future.

Un-bq'som,

v.

t.

To

disclose freely

UN'DE-CEIVE',

v.

To

t.

from de-

free

obvious.

In an Un'de-nI'a-bly, adv. In an undeniable manner.

uncomfortable manner.

1.

undecim,

[Lat.

n.

ymvia. an angle.]

figure of eleven angles.

Un-6m'fort-a-bly, adv.

2. Infidel.

Un-deg'a-gon,
eleven, and Gr.

Un-close', v. t. 1. To
ception cheat, fallacy, or mistake.
LT N-OM'FORT-A-BLE,rt. 1. NotcomNot deniable;
affording no comfort. 2. fjN/DE-Ni'A-BLE, a.
fortable
Giving uneasiness.

infidel.

See Ixfidel.

UN'be-liev'ing,

impure.

UN-CLiNCH',

without anxiety.

fjN'^ON-DI'TlON-AL (-dlsh'un-), a.
Not conditional or limited absolute.

UN'DER,

prep. [A.-S. under, allied to

Skr. antar.] 1. In a lower position
with respect to beneath below. 2.
In a state of subjection or inferiority.
adv. In a lower or subordinate
condition.
a. Lower in rank or de;

gree

subject.

Un'der-brlsh,
trees

To bid

t.

or offer

Shrubs and small

growing beneath large trees.
n.

ttN'DER-GLOTHES
pi.

than,

[less

tjN'DER-BiD', v.

-kloz),

(colloq.

tl.

Clothes worn under the others.

UN'DER-euR'RENavi. A current below the surface of water.

tjN'DER-DO', V. t. or i. [-DID -DONE
-doing.]' To do less than is requi;

site.

Un/der-go', V. t. [-WENT -GONE

Civgon-di'tion-al-ly (-disb/un-),
-GOING.] To bear to pass through
adv. Without conditions.
to suffer.
Un-6n'scion-a-ble, af^L. Notcon- tJN'DER-GRAD'U-ATE,n. A student
strained.
scionable unreasonable.^" 2. Enorin college, who has not taken his
Un-braid', v. t. To undo, as a braid
mous; vast.
[sonably.
first degree.
to disentangle.
Un-gon'scion-A-BLY,
adv. Unrea- tjr N'DER-GROtiND, a.
T.eing below
Un-bri'dled, p. a. Loosed, as from
UN-GON'SCIOUS, a. 1. Not conscious
the surfaceof the ground.
the bridle unrestrained.
not having consciousness. 2. Imper- Un'der-growtii, n.
Shrubs or
Un-bur'den, v. t. 1. To relieve from
ceptible.
small trees growing among large
a burden. 2. To throw off, as a burUn-con'scious-ly, adv. In an untrees.
den.
conscious manner.
Un'der-hand,
) a.
Secret clanUN-CfiR'TATN,rc. 1. Not certain not
State of fjN'DER-HAND'ED, )
positively known.
2. Not to be de- UN -eoN'scious-NESS, n.
destine.
being
unconscious.
certain
having
UN'DER-LAY',
V.
t.
[-LAID;
-LAY3.
Not
pended upon.
Not
ING.] To lay beneath.
knowledge. 4. Not sure of the direc- Un-gon'sti-tu'tion-al, a.
agreeable
to
the
constitution,
conor
t.
UN'der-let',
v.
To
let
below
the
tion or the result.
trary to it.
value, or at second hand.
UN-CER'TAiN-TY, n. 1. Quality or
UN/CON-VERT'ED,
Not
converted
a.
2.
SomeUN'DER-LIE',
t.
[^AY;
-LAIN;
uncertain.
V.
state of being
not regenerate sinful impenitent.
-lying.]
1. To lie under.
thing unknown or undetermined.
2. To
form the foundation of.
rpN-CHAIN', v. t. To free from chains Un-GOUP'LE, v. t. To set loose; to
v. i.
To
[uncivil.
disjoin.
lie belowor under.
or confinement.
Un'der-line', v. t. To mark a lino
Un-char'i-ta-ble, a. Not charita- Un-gourt'e-oOs, a. Not courteous
;

to reveal in confidence.

Un-bound'ed,

a.

Having no bound

unlimited in extent

infinite

unre-

ble: severe in judging: censorious.

Un-chaste', a. Not chaste Jewd.
UN-HRls'TlAN(-krIst/.yan),a. 1. Not
2. Contrary to
Christian
infidel.
Christianity
unbecoming a Chris[church.
tian,
Un-church', v. t. To expel from a
:

Un-couth' (-kobthO,

a.

[A.-S.

vn-

below, as words.

rftdh, fr. vv, not. and tfldh, known.] Un'der-ling, n.

An
Having awkward manners
not Un'der-mine', v. t.
;

pleasing in appearance.
Unfamiliar; strange;
Syn.
awkward; clumsy.

the earth beneath

odd

[or agent.
inferior person
1.

To excavate
2. To

to sap.

remove the foundation or support of

[mines.
by clandestine means.
Un-couth'ly, adv. In an uncouth UN'DER-JYlTN'ER, n. Onewho underUN'cial (fin'shal), a. [Lat. uncialis,
manner.
[oddness. thv'DER-MOST, a. Lowest in place,
amounting to the 12th part of a Un-gouth'ness, n.
Awkwardness
rank, or state.
;

6r,do,wolf,TOO,xo"C)KJ URN, rue, PULL; e,

I,

o, silent;

C,G,

soft;

,&,kard; Ag; EIST;

jasNG;

thisl

UNDERNEATH

UNGODLINESS

456

UVdERor
NfiATH', adv. or prep. [A.-S. under,
under, and neodhan, beneath, downward.] Beneath below.

Cn'DER-NEATH',

t^N'DER-WRlT'ER

An

(-rit'er, 110), n.

insurer.
-zin'-), p.
artless.

Sincere; upright;

a.

UN-FAIR'(4),a. Not fair; disingenuous dishonest partial.

Un-fAir'ly, adv. In an unfair or
unjust manner.
;

ttN'DE-siGN'lNG (-sm'-, or

tfN'DER-PlN'NlNG, n. The stones on Un-dine' (-deen'), n. [From Lat. ttn- Un-fAir'ness, n.

being unfair.
da, a wave.] One of a class of fabled
which a building rests.

A subordinate
n,
a clandestine scheme.

Un'der-plot,
plot

ttN'DER-RATE',
the value

v.

To

I.

rate below

[under.

to undervalue.

th^DER-RUN',

v.

t.

tjN'DER-scoRE',

v.

t.

To run or pass
To draw a mark

UNDERSELL',

Not
Un-dis'ci-plIn.ed, a.
[-DID -DONE
UN-DO', V. t.

V.

[-SOLD

t.

said of a water-

State or quality of

Not observant of
promises, vows, allegiance, or duty.

disci-

a.

take to pieces.
;

3.

To bring

to pov-

Un-fAith'ful-ness,

to ruin.

ed

Quality of

n.

being unfaithful.

n.
One who undoes.
UN-DONE' (-dun'), p. p. of Undo.
TJN-DOUBT'ED(-dout / -),a. Not doubt-

-SELL- Un-do'er,

ING.] To sell cheaper than.

tJN'DER-SHOT, a. Moved by water
passing beneath
wheel.

Un-faith'ful,

raw.

-DOSyn. Perfidious: treacherous; disloyal.

ING.] 1, To reverse, as what has Un-faith'ful-ly, adx\ In violation
been done. 2. To loose to open to
of promises, vows, or duty.
;

erty

or line under.

[plined

water-spirits.

indubitable

Un-doubt'ed-ly

Un-fas'TN
to unfix

(-1'as'n), v.

loose;

to untie.

Un-fath'om-a-ble,

indisputable.

a.
Not to be
line of ordinary

sounded with a
adv.

(-dout'-),

To

t.

length.

Without doubt indubitably.

Un-fa'vor-a-ble, a. Not favorable;
Un'der-sign' (-sin'), v. t. To write
Un-dress', v. t. To divest of clothes
not disposed or adapted to counone's name at the foot or end of.
to strip.
[-stood
On'der-stand', v. t.
tenance or support.
1. A loose, negligent Un-fa'vor-a-bly, adv.
-standing.] 1. To have just and fJN'DRESS, n.
Unpropiti;

adequate ideas of; to apprehend the

meaning of. 2. To have information
4. To
of.
3. To suppose to mean.
imply.
Syn. To comprehend.
stand

is

lect; to

brace

it

in all

its

2.

and dependen-

cies.
It is easy to understand that there
a God, but impossible to comprehend
the vastness of his existence, wisdom,
and power.
is

Authorized habitual dress

and soldiers, but not full

ously
ity.

a.

Not due

1.

to wave.
n. 1.
2.
tion or vibration.

fro, up and down, or from side

to side, in any fluid medium.
fjN'DU-LA-TO-RY (50), a. Moving in

to

understand; intellectual faculty.

Syn. See Sense.

Un'der-state', v. t.

To

state less

A waving moA motion to

and

ner

excessively.

Un-Earth',

An in-

(110), n.

UN-EARTH'LY,

ferior agent.
;

n. A current of water
below, in a different direction.
1. To value
v. t.
2. To esteem
below the real worth.

Cn'der-tow,

ftN'DER-VAL'UE,

to despise.

t?N/DER-WENT', imp. of Undergo.

UN'DER-WORK'
[-WORKED,

Incapable of failure certain.

a.
1. Not even
not lev2. Not of equal length.
3. Not exactly divisible by two
odd.
Un-E'VN-NESS (109), n. Quality of
being uneven want of uniformity.
ror. 2.

Un-e'vjen,
el

rough.

Small trees that

grow among larger

ones.
(-wurk'),

tTN / EX-AM'PL.ED, a. Having no example without precedent.

;

TJn/ex-cep'tion-a-ble, a. Not lia-wrought;

ble to any exception or objection.
or
-working.] To do like work at Un'EX-CEP'tion-A-BLY, adv. In an
unexceptionable manner.
a less price than,
t?N'DER-WRlTE' (un'der-rlt'), v. t. ttN'EX-PECT'ED, a. Not expected;
coming without warning sudden.
[-WROTE -WRITTEN -WRITING.]
2.
tfN'EX-PET'ED-LY. adv. Suddenly.
to subscribe.
1. To write under
To set one's name to, as a policy of UN-FAlL'lNG,p. a. Not failing not
;

insurance.
I, e,

i,

Not

(-iin'isht), a.

fin-

t.

[-ted; -ting.]

unsuitable.

1. To make
To disqualify.
Not properly un-

2.

Un-fit'ly, adv.

liable to fail.

6, u, y, long; X,,I,6,u, , short;

v. Quality of being unof suitable powers or quali-

want

fications.

n.

Unsuitable
undutiful.

Unsuitable; inexpedient; inSyn.

competent.

v.

fit;

from

free

loose from
restraint.

imperfect; incomplete.
a. Not fit
unqualified; im-

Un-fold',

drive or

lightly

sensibil-

To

1.

(-iil'yal), a.

UN-FlN'iSHjBD

draw

To

Un'der-wood,

To

2.

to a son or child

to bring to light.
a. Not terrestrial ; su-

v. t.

from the eavth

tjN'DER-TAKE', V. t. [-TOOK -TAKpernatural preternatural.

EN -TAKING.] 1. To engage in Un-ea'si-ly, adv. With uneasiness
to attempt. 2. To covenant or conor pain.
v.i. To prom- Un-ea'si-ness, n. Want of ease distract to perform.
quiet perturbation.
ise
to be bound.
tTN'DER-TAK'ER, n. One who under- Un-ea'sy, a.
1. Not easy
restless;
disturbed.
2. Not easy in manner
takes, especially one who takes the
stiff.
3. Cramping
disagreeable.
charge of funerals.
fJN'DER-TAK'iNG, n. Any business UN-END'ING, a. Everlasting eternal.
1. Not equal; not
or project whicli a person engages in. Un-e'qual, a.
fJN'DER-TEN'ANT, ii. The tenant of
matched. 2. Not uniform not reg-[natetone.
ular,
[different degrees.
a tenant.
ttai'DER-TONE, n. A low or subordi- TJN-E'QUAL-LY, adv. Not equally in
UN-ERR'JNG,a.
1. Incapable of erCn'DER-to'ok', imp. of Undertake.
;

Void of

1.

t.

suitably.
the manner of waves.
Un-du'ly, adv. In an undue man- Un-FJT'ness.

strongly than the truth will bear.

Ovn'der-strap'PER

v.

proper.

formed by another.
n. 1. An agreeof opinion or feeling. 2. Power

fetters.

Un-fil'ial

tfN'DU-LA'TlON,

ment

Un-fet'ter,

brate

a.

Hard-hearted.

2.

move backward and forward, or up

ished
v. i.
To vi- Un-f/t',
and down, as waves.

v. i. I. To have the use of the intellectual faculties.

2. To be in-

thv'DER-sfAND'lNG,

unkindly.

Un-feel'ing,

not yet owing. 2. Not agreeable to a rule or

standard, or to duty excessive.
[-ED; -1NG.]
tfN'DU-LATE, V. t.
[From Lat. undula, a little wave.] To

Un-due',

To undersimply to receive into the intelcomprehend, a subject is to emrelations

dress.

of officers
uniform.

To open the folds

To lay open to view.
a. Not fortunate
unlucky unhappy.
UN fort'u-nate-ly, adv. In an
v.

1.

t.

of; to expand. 2.

Un-fort'u-nate,

unfortunate

mam

Un-found'ed,
tion

baseless

er.

Having no founda-

a.

vain.

Un-fre'Q_uent, a. Not frequent not

;

happening

often.

Cn/fre-QUENT'ed^.

Rarely visited.
Un-friend'li-ness, ii.
Quality of
being unfriendly.

Un-friend'ly, a. 1. Not friendly

hostile.
2. Not favorable.
Un-frtjit'ful, a. Not fruitful bar;

ren

unproductive.

Un-frtjit'ful-ness,

n. Barrenness

unproductiveness.

Un-fOrl'. v.
UN-GAIN'LY,

[state.

To

loose from a furled

a.
[A.-S. vngsegne, ungengne, of no effect, vain.] Not ext.

pert or dexterous
couth.

Un-gen'er-ous,
illiberal

a.

igr;oble

awkward

un-

Not generous;
unkind.

Un-GEN'er-oOs-ly, adv.

In an un-

generous manner.

UN-&IRD', v. t. [-GIRDED, or -GIRT

-girding.] To loose from a girdle
or band to unbind.
Un-god'li-ness, n. Impiety disregard of God and his commands.
;

care, far, ask, all, what; ere, veil, trm; pique, fIrm s6n.
;

UNGODLY
;

wildly.

Un-GRACE'ful,

Not graceful;
wanting beauty and elegance awkward _
Un-GRACE'FUL-LY, adv. Awkwardly.
Un-gra'cioOs, a.
Not gracious
without good-will
offensive
una.

pleasing

unacceptable.

Un-grate'ful,
not thankful.

a.
2.

1.

Not grateful;

[Lat. ungulatus, fr.

1. Shaped like a
2. Having hoofs.
a.

ungula, a hoof.]
hoof.

v.

t.

To profane.
Awkwardly

clumsily.

Not handsome
3-

illiberal.

(-han'sum),
;

homely.

2.

a.

1.

Unfair

Uncivil impolite.
(-han'suni-), adv.
;

Un-hand'some-l*

In an unhandsome manner.
Un-hand'y, a. 1. Not handy; not
;

awkward.

2.

(1).

one

and sonans, sound-

One who

believes that

God

exists only in one person.

a.
Pertaining to Unitarians, or to their
[Unitarians.
_ doctrines.
U'nj-ta'RI-an-Ism, n. Doctrines of
U-NITE', V. t. t-ED -ING.]
[Lat
unire, -itum, from unus, one.] 1. To
put together or join, as two or more
constituents to cause to adhere. 2
To join by a legal or moral bond.
v. i. 1. To become one
to coalesce.
;

[Lat. uniformis,

from

the same kind, by which persons who

belong to the same body are assimin.
1. Resemblance
2. Conformity
to itself at all times.
to a pattern or rule. 3. Consistency
:

sameness. 4. Similitude between the

[tion.
_ parts of a whole.
U'NI-FORM'LY, adv. Without variaU'NI-FYT, V. t. [-ED; -ING,142.] [Lat.
unus, one, and facere, to make.] To
cause to be one to view as one.

Not to be
Un'iivi-peach'a-ble, a.
impeached irreproachable.
Un-in'ter-est-ed, a. 1. Not interhaving nothing at stake. 2.
ested
Not having the mind or the passions
;

2. To act in concert.
U-nit'ed-ly, adv. With union.
U'NI-TY, n. [Lat. unitus, from unus,

one.]

1.

Agreement

_ lated.

U'ni-form'i-TY,

State of being one.

2.
uniformity. 3. Any defi;

nite quantity, or aggregate of quantities or magnitudes, taken as one.

4. One o* the principles by which a
uniform tenor of story and propriety
of representation are preserved. 5.
A combination of parts such as con_ stitutes a kind of symmetry of style.
U'ni-valve, n.
mollusk whose
_ shell is composed of a single piece.
U'NI-VALVE,
[Lat., unus,
) n.
U'NI-VALVED,
one, and valva,
J
U'ni-valv'u-lar, ) a valve.] Hav_ ing one valve only.

U'NI-VER3'AL,

a.
1. Unlimited. .2.
Total whole. 3. Comprising all the
_ particulars.
U'ni-vErs'al-'ism, n. Belief that all
_ rupted continuous.
UN'ION (yun'yun), n. [Lat. unio, fr. _men will be saved.
unus, one.]
1. Act of uniting, or
U'ni-vers'al-ist, n. One who holds
state of being united. 2. Agreement
_ that all men will be saved.
harmony. 3. Something formed by U'NI-VER-sal'1-ty, n. State or quala combination of parts or members
_ ity of being universal.
a consolidated body. 4. Upper and U'ni-vers'al-ly, adv. With exteninner corner of an ensign.
_ sion to the whole.
[Lat. universum, fr
Syn. Unity. Union is the act of U'NI-VERSE, n.
unus, one, and vertere, to turn, i. e.,
bringing two or more things together so
as to make but one. Unity is a state of
combined into one whole.] All cresimple oneness, either of essence, as the
ated things viewed as constituting
unity of God, or of action, feeling:, &c,
_ one system or whole the world.
as unity of design, of affection, &e. Tlwis,

engaged.

Not con- Un-in'ter-rupt'ed,

venient.

a.

Not

inter-

Un-hap'pi-ly, adv.
Unfortunately.
Un-hap'pi-ness, n. State or quality
of being unhappy.
Un-h\P'PY, a. 1. Not happy un;

fortunate unlucky. 2. In a degree

miserable. 3. Marked by infelicity.
Distressed
afflicted
calamSyn.
itous
wretched.
fjN'HAR.-}l6'Ni-ous, a.
Not harmonious inharmonious.
Un-har'ness, v. t. 1. To strip of
harness. 2. To disarm.
UN-HE ALTH'FUL-NESS, n. Insalubriousness; unwholesomeness.
Un-health'I-ly, adv. In an unhealthy manner.
Un-health'i-ness, n. Quality or
condition of being unhealthy.
Un-health'y,(i. 1. Wanting health
unsound.
2. Unfavorable to the
preservation of health. 3. Insalubrious unwholesome. 4. Morbid.
:

'

_ ures.
U'Ni-FI-el'TION, n.
Unicorn
Act of unifying, or
_ state of being unified.
a.

[Lat. unus,

a.

unity.]

UN-HAND'SOME

dexterous

horn.] 1. A fabulous animal with

one horn. 2. An
animal of some unknown kind, so
called in the Script-

U'Nl-FORM,

Being in unison.
n.
[Lat. unilum, from unus,
one.]_ A single thing or person one.
U'NI-TA'RI-AN, n. [From Lat. unitas,

_ ing.]
U'NIT,

2. Conforming to
ner, or degree.
one rule or mode. 3. Consistent with
dress of
n.
itself at all times.

Un-hal'l5w,

unicornuus; unus,
one, and cornu, a

1.
unus, one, and forma, form.]
Having always the same form, man-

grateful manner.
(-gwent), n. [Lat. unguentum, from unguere, to anoint.] A soft
composition used as a topical remedy,
as for sores, burns, &c. ointment.
UN-GUIC'U-LATE, a. [From Lat. unguiculus, dim. of unguis, a nail or
claw.] Having claws.

Un-hand'i-ly, adv.

UNKNIT
U-Nls'O-NANT,
U-nis'O-nous,

[Lat.

dis-

UN'GUENT

tJN'GU-LATE,

U'NI-ORN.n.

In an un-

Unpleasiug

agreeable.

Un-g-rate'ful-ly, adv.

457

0"n~god'ly, a.
Not godly wicked
impious; sinful.
5Jn-g6v'ern-a-ble a. Not capable
of being governed licentious wild
}Jn-g6v'ern-a-bly, a. Without restraint

we may speak

of effecting a union of inshall result in a perfect

unity of labor and interest in securing a
given object.
terests

which

U'NI-VER'SI-TY. n. [Lat. universitas,

from universus, universal.] A universal school, in which are taught
all branches of learning, or theology,

medicine, law, and the sciences and

A supporter of union,
arts.
especially of a federal union, as that
U-NiVo-eAL, a. [Lat. univocus, fr.
_ of the United States.
units, one, and vox, a voice, word.]
UN'ION -jack, n. A small flag con1. Having one meaning only.
taining onlv the union.
2.
Having unison of sound.
U-nip'a-rous, a. [Lat. tmus, one, and
1. Not heard
Un-heard', a
parere, to bring forth.]
1. Acting contrary to
2,
Producing Un-jDst', a.
Not known by fame obscure.
the standard of right established by
one at a birth
Un-hinge', v. t. 1. To take from the U-NIQUE' (yij-neek'), a. [Fr. Lat.
the divine law. 2. Contrary to jus tieo
hinges. 2. To displace. 3. To renand right.
unirus, from unus, one.]
Without
[ner.
der unstable.
[unholy.
a like or equal unmatched.
n. Un-jOst'ly, adv. Tn an unjust man.,
Un-ho'li-ness, n. Quality of being _ Something unequaled.
Un-kind', a. Wanting in kindness;
Un-ho'ly, a. Not holy; profane; U'NI-SON, n.
cruel harsh.
[Lat. units, one, and
wicked impious.
UN-KlND'LY,n. 1. Not kind unkind.
Harmony
Sonus, a sound.]
1.
Un-horse', v. t. To throw from a
2. Unnatural.
agreement.
2.
An accordance or
3. Unfavorable.
horse to cause to dismount.
adv.
coincidence of sounds.
a.
1.
1. In an unkindly manner;
Un-house', v. t. To dislodge; hence,
without affection
Sounding alone.
2. Sounded tocruelly. 2. Unto deprive of shelter.
naturally,
gether.
[unkind.
Un-hOrt', a. Not hurt; safe and U-Nis'o-NANCE, n.
Accordance of Un-kind'ness, n.
Quality of being
sound.
Un-knIt' (-nitf, 109), v. t. [-knit,
sounds.

UN'lON-lST, v.

OR, DO,

WOLF, TOO, SOOtt;

fjRN,

rue, PULL,;

-E, I,

O, silent

C, &,soft; , G, hard;

Ag\ EXIST

jfajNft; THIS.

UNLACE
Or

-KNITTED

UNSHIP

458

Incapable of Un-rav'el (137), v. t. 1. To disen

being mistaken or misunderstood.
tangle. 2. To unfold
to solve.
3
UN-MOOR', v. t. 1. To cause to ride
To throw iuto di- order to confuse.
with a single anchor. 2. To loose Un-read'Y, a.
Not ready or pre[muzzle from.
pared awkward clumsy.
from anchorage.
Un-mDz'zle, v. t. To remove a UN-RE'AL,rt. Not real unsubstantial.
Un-NAT'U-RAL (109), a. Not natural Un-rea'son-a-ble (-rS'zn-), a. 1.
Exceeding the bounds tw reason. 2.
contrary to the laws of nature or to
Immoderate exorbitart inordinate.
natural feelings.
Un-nXt'u-ral-LY, adv. In an un- Un-re a's on-a -BEE-NESS, n. State or
quaHtylof being unreasonable.
natural manner.
Un-nec'es-sa-ri-ly, adv. Without Un-rea'son-A-bly, adv. In an unreasonable manner.
necessity
needlessly.
UN're-mIt'ting, a. Not relaxing for
Un-NEC'es-sa-ry, a. Not necessary
a time incessant.
not required by the circumstances

To UN'MIS-tak'a-ble,

-KNITTING.]

;;

a.

separate, as threads that are kuit.

v. t.
1.
To loose from
lacing.
2. To loose the dress of.

Un-lace',

Un-LADE',

-LADEN

[-LADED; -LADED,
-LADING.] To unload to

V.

t.

discharge.

[the latch.

Un-latch',

To open by lifting
Not lawful illegal.
Bn-laWful-LY, adv. In violation

v. i.
Un-law'ful, a.

of law or right; illegally.

Un-law'ful-ness,
to law

Contrariety

n.

illegality.

Un-learn'ed,

-,

a.

1.

of the case

Un're-srv.ed', a. 1. Not reserved or

retained.
2. Not withheld in part

needless.
Un-neigh'bor-ly (-na'bur-), a. Not
suitable to the duties of a neighbor.
;

Un-less', conj. [Prefix vn and less.]

Knot; supposing that not.
Syn. Except Except and unless Un-nrve'

full

Not

like

dissimilar

diverse.

UN-LlKE'LY,

a.

Not

1.

likely

im-

probable. 2. Likely to fail unpromadv. Improbably.

ising.
Un-like'ness, v. Want of resem[ber from
blance dissimilitude.
Un-LIM'ber, r. t. To detach the liinUn-LIM'it-ed, a. 1. Boundless. 2.
;

Undefined

indefinite.
[to

strained,

UN-LOAD',
UN-LOCK',

3.

v.

v.

t.

re-

disburden.

Un-pop'u-lar,

Want of loveDestitute of the

attract love
disa-

which

n.

not successful.

2.

In-

auspicious.

perilous

precedent or example

Un-prej'u-dioed

novel

dist-), a.

men.
Un-matv'ly, a.

of
de-

man;

1.

effeminate.

Unsuitable to a

Not

Un-man'ner-ly,
ill-bred

a.

Not mannerly

rude in behavior.
strip of a mask or

Un-mAsk'. r. t. To
of any disguise.

Un-mea\'ing,
meaning

1.
Destitute of
a.
or signification. 2. Not in-

v.

t.

To draw

the screws from.

scruples

Making no Un-seal',

Having

a.

no

unprincipled.

To break the seal of;

pretense modest.
to open, as what is sealed.
UN-PRiN'ci-PLED.a. Having no good Un-sarch'a-ble, a. Not searcha.

v.

t.

moral principles:

able

profligate.

fJN/pRO-DUCTiVE,

mysterious.
a.

1.

Not

in the

proper season or time. 2. Not suited

to the time or occasion.
Un-sea'son-a-bly, adv. Not seasonably not in due time.
Un-seat', v. t.
To throw from, or
deprive of, a seat.

inscrutable

Un-sea'son-a-ble,

a.
1.
Not productive
barren. 2. Not producing
profit or interest, as capital.
3. Not

Bringing no

useless.

Un-pr5f'it-A-bly, adv.
Without
without any good ef- Un-sea'worth-y
profit or gain

(-wfir'fM), a. Not
*
for a sea voyage.
[coming.
a.
Not seemly or beIT>: sfen', a.
Not reen invisible.

fect or advantage.

fit

Not affording a

Un-SEEM'ly,

favorable prospect of success or good.

a.
Not prosperous; unfortunate.

Un-set'tle,

a.

Un-qualT-fi ed,

Not

modified

absolute

v.

Not

i.

To move

or loosen

re-

To become unfixe 1.

Un-shack'le

(-shak'l). v. t. Tolooso
restraint.
To draw from
v. t.

from shackles or

unconditional.
a.

t.

to unfix.
Syn. To disconcert; displace;
move; confuse; disorder.

accomplishments.
2.
Not having
taken the requisite oath.
3. Not

Un-ques'tion-a-ble,

v.

from a fix^d state

qualified
not having the requisite talents o*
a. 1.

questioned or doubted

dicating intelligence.

taste-

(-skrp/),

Un-SRU'pu-lous,

Not worthy of Un-pros'per-oOs,

2.

a noble mind.

dangerous

Not savory

a.

Un-SREW

new.

UN-PRdM'is-iNG,

prive of

safe

hazardous.

less; insipid.

prejudiced free from undue bias or

prepossession impartial.

profit
1.

take the
from the

V. t. [-SAID -saying.] To
recant or recall to retract.

UN-MAN', r. .J. [-NED; -NING.]

To emasculate. 2. To deprive
3. To
courage and fortitude.

Not

a.

UN-SAY',

n. State of being
a. Having no

producing any effect.

UN-MAKE', V. t. [-MADE -MAKING.]
To destroy the form and qualities of; Un-prof'it-a-ble, a.
to deprive of being.

1. To
v. t.
2. To throw

Un-sa'vor-y,

[unpopular.

the people.

Gn'pre-tend'ing,

Un-lOck'I-ly, adv. In an unlucky

manner.
Un-lOck'I-NESS, n. A being unlucky.
1.
Not lucky; unUN-LUCK'Y, a.

Un-safe',

Un-prec'e-dent-ed,

saddle.

Un-poP'u-lXr'i-ty,

calm

bulent; refractory.

a.
Not popular not
having the public favor disliked by

ruffled

disposed to violate law.

Syn. Ungovernable; licentious; tur-

or

State
quality of being unpleasant.

Not

Disregarding restraint

a.

In an un- Un-sad'dle,

n.

a.

quiet.

saddle from.

fliness.

tranquil

pleasant manner.

Un-pleas'ant-ness,

f-rT'ehus-), n.

Un-ru'ly,

To open, in general

UN-LOVE'Lt-NESS,
UN-LOVE'LY, a.

fortunate

trary to the rules or usages of parliament or of legislative bodies.

Un-pin', v. t. To unfasten, as what
[pleasing.
is held together by pins.
Un-pleas'ant, a. Not pleasant dis-

Un-FLEAS'ANT-LY, adv.

Not

Quality of being unrighteous.

a.
Not ripe not mature.
Un-roll', v. t. To open, as what is
rolled or convolved.

Un-rIpe',

Having no
a.
unmatched.
a.
Con- Un-rDf'fled.

(-rl'chus) a. 1.

Un-right'eoOs-ness

Un-par'lia-MENt'a-ry,

To take the load from

t.

to lay open.

qualities
greeable.

Not

unequal

To

parallel

Free open frank!

of rest or repose.
solve or explain.
;

t.

righteous evil wicked. 2. Contrary

to law and equity.

Un-par'al-leled,

v.

Un-r"ight'eoOs

setting aside some specified

"
thing, as, "Unless we eat, we shall die ;
that is, if we take away the fact or supposition of our eating, the certain result
is death.

3.

Want

Un-ri'd'dle,

a.waij or

entire.
n.

Un-rEst',

To deprive of
(109), v. t.
nerve or force to enfeeble.
were formerly confounded, as, " I will
not let thee go except thou bless me." In Un-os'ten-ta'tioOs, a. Not ostenpresent usage, except has always refertatious
not making show and paence to some general fact, rule, &c, of
[packed.
rade modest.
which the speaker goes on to state an
To open, as thing3
" exception," as, " none can enter except UN-PACK', v. t.
by permission." Unless has reference to Un-pal'at-a-ble, a. Not palatable
some result as affected by our taking
offensive to the taste nauseous.

a.

Ignorant illiterate.
2. Not gained by study.
3.
Not suitable to a learned man.

Un-like',

Un-sheathe',

to be

the sheath or scabbard, as a sword.

indubitable

certain.
1.
Un-mEr'CI-ful, a. Not merciful
[doubt. Un-ship', v. t.
To take out of a
Un-Qus'TION-a-bly, adv. Without
cruel inhuman.
ship. 2. To remove, as any part or
Un-mer'ci-ful-ly, adv. Without UN-QUI'ET, a. Not quiet restless
implement, from the place where it
I

mercy or tenderness
A, E,

lf

uneasy

cruelly.

5, U. Y, long,- X, E,I, 6,

tJ,

$, short;

agitated

disturbed.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

is fitted.

WHAT ERE,
;

VIL, TSJS PIQUE, *IRM

S6N,

;;

UNSIGHTLY
Un-sight'ly

disagreeable to the eye

sightly
ugly.

Un-skill'ful,
a.
Not skillful
Un-skil'ful, ( clumsy bungling.
UN-SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. Awkwardi

Un-skil'fitl-ness,

ness.
Un-so'CIA-ble (-s5'sha-bl), a. Not
sociable averse to society reserved.
)

Un-so'cia-bly, adv. In an unsociable manner.

TJn-sound', a. 1. Not sound defective.
2.
Infirm
sickly.
3. Not
orthodox. 4. Not close not com;

pact.

Erroneous

5.

Un-sound'ness,

deceitful.

Quality or state

n.

of being unsound.

[al

profuse.

UN-SPAR'ING, a. Not sparing liberUn-speak'a-ble, a. Incapable of

;

being uttered.
Syx.
Inexpressible

;;

UPTURN

459

Not

a.

(-sit'-),

;;

Un-twIst', v. t. or i. To separate UP-BRAID', v. t. [-ED -ING.] [A.-8L

upgebredan, to upbraid, reproach,
and open, as threads twisted.
from up, up, and gebredan, bredan,
Un-U'u-al (-yu'zhu-), a. Not usual
to braid, twist.] 1. To charge with
uncommon rare.
something wrong or disgraceful. 2.
Un-u'su-al-ly (-yu/zhu-), adv. Not
commonly rarely.
To reprove severely.
Syn. To reproach; blame; censure.
Un-Ot'ter-a-ble, a. Incapable of
being uttered inexpressible.
Up-braid'er, n. One who upbraids.
UN- vail', v. t. To remove a vail from. Up-heav'al, n. Act of upheaving.
Un-var'nishjbd (-var'nisht), a. 1. Up-heave', v. t. To heave up from
Not overlaid with varnish. 2. Not
beneath.
[cult.
artfully embellished
plain.
Up'hill, a. 1. Ascending. 2. DiffiUn-v^il', v.t. To remove a veil from
Up-hold', v. t. [-held -holding.]
1. To lift on high.
2. To support
to uncover.
Un-wa'ri-ly (89), adv. In an unto maintain.
3. To countenance.
wary or careless manner heedlessly. Up-hold'er, n. One who, or tnat
Un-wa'ri-ness, n.
which, upholds.
Carelessness
Up-hol'ster, v. t. To cover anew
heedlessness.
;

Un-war'rant-A-BLE
unutterable

ineffable.

andrepair, as furniture.

(-wor'rant-). a.
justifiable
ille-

Indefensible
not
gal improper.

Up-hol'ster-er

Un-speak'a-bly, adv. Inexpressibly. Un-wa'ry (89), a. Not vigilant against

Un-spot'ted, a. Not spotted; free
danger not cautious.
Un-wea'ri.ed (89), a. Not wearied
from moral stain immaculate.
Un-stead'i-ly, adv. In an unsteady
or persistent indefatigable.
UN- well', a. Not in good health
manner.
Un-STEAE"I-ness, n. Inconstancy
somewhat ill.
want of firmness irresolution.
Un-whole'some (-hoFsum), a. Not
wholesome unfavorable to health.
Un-stead'y, a. Not steady not
Un-wield'y, a.
constant mutable.
Unmanageable
bulky ponderous.
Un-stop', v. t. To free from a stopUn-will'ing, a. Not willing disinple or from obstruction
to open.
t.
[-strung;
clined reluctant.
Un-strIng', v.
-STRINGING.]
1.
To deprive of Un-wIll'ing-ly, adv. In an unwilling manner reluctantly.
strings.
2.
To loosen. 3. To take
Un-wTll'ing-ness, n. Disinclinafrom a string.
tion; reluctance.
Un'suc-cess'ful, a. Not successful
Un-wind', v. t. [-wound -windnotfortunate unhappy.
Un-suit'a-ble, a. 1. Not suitable;
ing.] 1. To wind off. 2. To disentangle.
unfit.
2. Unbecoming; improper.
v. i.
To be capable of beUn-TAN'gle, v. t. To disentangle.
ing unwound.
UN-TEACH', V. t. [-TAUGHT p. pr. UN-wigE', a. Not wise; defective in
wisdom indiscreet.
-TEACHING.] To cause to forget,
[manner.
UN-WISE'LY, adv.
as what has been taught.
In an unwise
Un-think'ing, a. Thoughtless.
Un-wit'ting-ly, adv. Without conUn-thread', v. t. To take out a
sciousness ignorantly.
;

UN-WONT'ED(-wfint'-), a. 1. Unaccustomed
unused.
UN-TIE', v. t. [-TIED; -TYING.] To
2. Unusual
infrequent rare.
loosen, as a knot to free from any
thread from.

fastening to unbind.
UN-TIL', prep. conj.
unte. See TILL.] To

Un-wor'thi-ly

[Goth, und,
as far as.
Un-time'ly, a. Not timely premature unseasonable.
T$N'TO,prep. [Goth. unte. See UNTILjmd TO.] To. See To.
Un-told', a. 1. Not told; not related.
2. Not counted.
;

till

(-wuVthi-),

adv.

Notaccdrding to desert.

Un-wor'thi-ness
Want of worth or

Furniture

n.

(20),

supplied by upholsterers.

fjP'LAND, n. High land ground elevated above meadows and intervals.

;

a.

1. High in situation.
2. Pertaining to uplands.
v. t. To lift or raise aloft.

UP-LiFT',

UP-ON',prf;?. [From up and on.] On;

in all the senses of that word.
UP'PER, a. ; comp. of Uv.
[A.-S.
ufor, higher, fr. ufa, above.] Further up, literally or figuratively
higher in situation superior.
ttP'PER-MOST, a. Highest in situation, position, rank, or power, &c.
fjP'PiSH, a. [From up.] Proud arrogant putting on airs.

Up-raise',

Up-rear',

Up'right

v.

To

t.

to

raise;

lift

up.

(Qp'rTt). a.

In an

1.

erect

position
perpendicular. 2. Adhering or conformable to rectitude
honest just.
n. Something stand[right manner.
w ing erect,
fjp'RlGHT-LY (-rlt-), adv. In an upr P'RIGHT-NESS (-rit-), n. 1. Perpendicular erection erectness.
2. Integrity
honesty.
;

(-wur'thi-),
merit.

n.

Up-rise',

Un-wor'thy

(-wfir'-), a. 1. Not worthy undeserving wanting merit. 2.

Worthless base. 3. Unbecoming.
Un-wrap' (-rapO, v. t. To open, as
what is wrapped.
;

Up-hol'ster-y

(20), n. [A corruption of upholder, and formerly also

written upholster, upholdster.] One
who furnishes houses with furniture,
beds, curtains, &c.

v.

i.

To

^ -rising.]

-risen;

[-rose;

up

rise

to get up.

C'P'ROAR, n. [D. uproer, fr. op, upp,

up, and D. roeren, A.-S. hrcran, to
stir.]
Great tumult
bustle and
;

clamor.

Un-to'ward, a. 1. Froward per- Un-writ't.en (-rTt'tn), a. 1. Not UP-ROAR'l-ous, a. Making, or

ungraceful.
verse. 2. Awkward
written verbal. 2. Blank.
companied by, a great uproar.
Un-to'ward-ly, adv. Perversely.
Un-yield'ing, a.
Not yielding; UP-ROOT', v. t. To tear up by
;

a.

Perverse

froward

ac-

awkward.

stiffj

firm

roots

obstinate.

tho

to eradicate.

Un-to'ward-ness, n. Perverseness. TIn-yoke', v. t. To loose from a voke. Up-ROUSE', v. t. To rouse from sleep.
Un-trav'eled,
[-SET
-SETTING.]
a.
1. Not trav- UP, adv.
[A.-S.]
Aloft; on high; UP-SET'"^ V. t.
Un- TRAVELLED, .-led
To overturn or overthrow.
not trodtoward or in a higher place; in a
(

den by passengers.

2.

Having never

seen foreign countries.

a.
1. Not true

UN- TRUE',

Inconstant

false

Un-tru'ly, adv.
Un-truth', n.

false.

2.

disloyal.

Not

truly

2.

falsely.

1.
Contrariety to
truth; falsehood: want of veracity.

false assertion.

UN-twine',

higher position above.

n. A state
prep.
of elevation or prosperity.
From a lower to a higher place on
_ or along at the top of.
U'PAS, n. [Malay, upas, poison.] An
East Indian tree, the secretions of
which are poisonous.

To separate, as
v. t.
that which winds or clasps.

tfp'SET, n. An overturn.
[sion.
fjp'SHOT, n.
Final issue
conclutJP'siDE,n. The upper side the part
that is uppermost.
[ly.
Up-START',i>. i. To spring up suddenUP'START, n. One suddenly arisen
from low life to wealth, power, or
honor.

UP-BEAR', v. t. [-BORE -BORNE

-BEARING.] To bear up to raise Up-turn',
throw up
aloft.

6r.do,wqlf, TOO, TOOK; urn, rue, PULL;

E,

I,

O, silent

v.

$,Gr,soft; ,5, hard,- A;

t.

To

direct

EpsT;

N.

as

upward

ng

to

this.

UPWARD
OP'ward,

a.

Directed to a higher
adv.

1.

Toward a high

toward the
er place
3.
2. In the upper parts.
Yet more, indefinitely.
U-RA'NI-UM, n.
[N. Lat., from Gr.
ovpavos, heaven, or from Uranus,
the planet.] A metal of a reddish;

source.

_ brown color.

U'RA-NOG'RA-PHY,
ypatj>Ca

n.

[Gr. ovpavo-

heaven, and ypd-

ovpavos,

(peiv, to describe.]

description of

_ the heavens.

U'RA-NOL'O-GY, 11.
heaven, and Aoyos,

[Gr. ovpavos,
A
discourse.]

on the heavens and

treatise

the

_ heavenly

bodies.
U'RA-NUS,n. [Lat., the father of
Saturn.] One of the primary planets.
Or'BAN, a. [Lat. urbanus, fr. urbs, a
Belonging to a city.
city.]
UR-BANE', a. [See supra.] Courteous
refined.
polite
in manners
;

Ur-BAN'I-ty,

ii.

of manners.
Politeness
Syn.

Or'CHIN,

Civility or courtesy
;

affability

courtesy.

[0. Eng. hirchen, Fr.

hcrisson, 0. Fr. erigon, iregon, from
Lat. ericius, equiv. to erinaceus.] 1.

n.

hedgehog.

rough

2.

child

a pert or

little fellow.

U-RE'TER, n.
Tr\p, same as

[N. Lat., fr. Gr. ovprjovpr)6pa, the passage of

One of the excretory

the urine.]
ducts of the kidney.

UR'SU-LiNE,

[urethra.
discharged.
Pertaining to the
U-RE'THRAL, a.
Urge, v. t. [-ed; -ING.] [Lat. urgere.] 1. To press to push to force
onward. 2. To ply with motives, arguments, or persuasion. 3. To follow
closely.
4. To press upon attention.
is

Syn.

To

incite;

impel; instigate;

stimulate; encourage.

UR'GEN-CY,
tion.

1. Earnest solicitan.
Pressure of necessity.

2.

UR'GENT,
pressing

[Lat. urgens.] Urging;

[manner.
besetting.

a.
:

One of an order of

n.

nuns, so called from St. Ursula.

Os, pron. pi. [A.-S. us.] Objective
_ case of We.
Us/A-BLE, a. Capable of being used.

Us/AGE,

n.
[L. Lat. usagium, from
Lat. usus, use, usage.]
1. Act or

mode of using treatment. 2. Longcontinued practice

habitual use.
3. Customary use, as of a word in
_ a particular sense.
Ug'ANCE, n. Time allowed in certain
countries for the payment of a bill
_ of exchange.
;

Use,
1.

11.
[Lat. usus, from uti, to use.]
Act of employing any thing ap

plication
employment.
2.
Occasion to employ. 3. Usefulness util;

Customary employment

4.

ity.

_ usage

UE

t.

that service into a particular channel.

"We use words to express our general
meaning; we employ certain technical
terms in reference to a given subject.
Use'fi.jl,, a.
Producing
_ ficial profitable.

good

USE'FUL-LY, adv. In auseful manner.

Use'ful-ness, ii. State or quality of
being useful.
Syn. See Utility.
;

answering no valuable

purpose.
Fruitless
Syn.
speak of an attempt,

ineffectual.
&c., ns useless

>.

of urine.

CJ'RIN-A'TOR, n. [Lat., from urinari,

_ to plunge under water.] A diver.

U'rIne,

[Lat. urina, Gr. ovpov.

allied to Skr. van', water,] The fluid
n.

secreted by the kidneys.

n.
[Lat. urna.]
A vessel of various forms, usually largest iu the

URN,

middle, employed for different purposes.

v. t. To inclose in an urn.
a.
[Lat. ur.ms, a bear,
and, forma, form.] In the shape of
a bear.
UR'SINE, a. [Lat. icrsinus, fr. vrsus, a
bear.] Relating to, or like, a bear.

Cr'si-form,

A, ,

I,

o,u, Y.tong; A, E,I, 6,

ti,

"We
when

there are in it inherent difficulties which

forbid the hope of success; us fruitless

when

it fails, not from any such'difficulbut from some unexpected hindrance or calamity arising to frustrate it.
It is useless to attempt any thing without
adequate means; and even when we do
possess them, our efforts are often fruitIneffectual nearly resembles fruitless.
less, but implies a failure of a less hope-

ties,

less character; as, after several ineffect-

Use'less-ness,

n.

profit.

State or quality

to introduce strangers, &c. 2. An

assistant to the preceptor of a school.
[-ED; -ING.] To introduce,
v. t.
as an usher or forerunner to foreis

run.

fjs'QUE-BAUGH

(-baw), w.
[Ir. uisge
kind
water of life.]

fJST'ION (ust'yun), n. [Lat. ustio, fr.

urere, to burn.]
Act of burning
_ state of being burned.

Us'U-AL (yu/zhjj-), a. [Lat. usualis.]

Such as occurs in ordinary practice

customary; ordinary; frequent.

tJg'u-AL-LY (yu'zhjj-), adv. Commonly

customarily

U'su-eXP'TION,

, short;

v.

(-zhu'ri-),
2.

vsurpare, contr. fr.

to seize to one's own
use,

and

a.

1.

Practi-

Partaking of usury.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]
[Lat.
usurapere, i. e.,
use, from usus,
;

rapere, to seize.]

To

seize

and hold in possession by force or

_ without right.
U'sur-pa'tion, n. Act of usurping,
or state of being usurped.
U-sURP'ER, n. One who usurps.
U'U-RY (yu/zhu-), 11. [Lat. usura, fr.
uti, to use.]

1.

Interest, or practice
[Obs.] 2. Ille-

of taking interest.

U-ten'sil(113), n. [Lat. ustensile, fr.

uti, usus, to use.] An instrument or
vessel used in domestic and farming

U'TER-lNE, a. [Lat. uterinus ; uterus,

the womb.]
1.
Pertaining to the
womb. 2. Born of the same mother,
but by adifferent father.
U-TiL/i-TA'Ri-AN (89), a. Consisting
in, or

pertaining to, utility, or to

utilitarianism
One who holds
n.
the doctrine of utilitarianism.
U-TIl/i-ta'ri-AN-Tsm, n. 1. The doctrine that the greatest happiness of
the greatest number should be the
end and aim of all social and political institutions.
2. Doctrine that

utility is the sole standard of virtue.

U-Ti'L'i-TY, n. [Lat. utilitas ,fr. utilis,
useful.]
State or quality of being
useful production of good.
;

_ of being useless.

Us'ER, n. One who uses.

Csh'er, n. [From 0. Fr. tw, uis, a
door.] 1. An officer whose business it

beatha, I. e.,
of yvhiskey.

U-sOrp',

_ business.

Having no use; un-

a.

gal interest.

ual efforts, I at last succeeded.

UR'GENT-LY, adv.
Tn an urgent
U'RIM, n. [Ileb. vrim, pi. of ur, Use'less-ly, adv. Without

flame, fire.] A part of the breastplate of the high-priest among the

[urine.
_ ancient Jews.
U'RIN-AL, ii. A vessel for containing
U'RIN-A-RY, a. Pertaining to urine.
U'RIN-ATE, v. i. To discharge urine.
"O'RIN-A/TiVE, a. Provoking the flow

bene-

mam, by use, and capere, to take.]

Acquisition of the title or right to
property by undisputed possession of
_ it for a certain term.
U'su-FROT, n. [Lat. usufructus, fr.
usus, use, tmdfructus, fruit.] Right
of using and enjoying the profits of a
thing belonging to another, without
_ impairing the substance.
U/su-FuueT'u-A-RY n. A person who
has the use of property and reaps
the profits of it.
a.
Of, or pertaining to, or being in the nature of,
_ a usufruct.
Ug'u-RER (yu/zhu-),?!. One who lends
money at a rate of interest beyond
that established by law.

cing usury.

[-EDJ-iNG.] [Lat.
uti, usus, to use.]
1. To make use
of; to put to a purpose.
2. To behave toward to treat. 3. To praccustomarily.
habituate.
tice
4. To
Syn. Employ. We use a thing,
when we derive from it some enjoyment
or service. "We employ it when we turn

serviceable

usucaptum, to acquire by long use

U-su'ri-ous

custom.

(VJJZ), V.

U-RE'THRA, n. [Gr. ovprjOpa, fr. ovpelv, to make water.] Canal by which Use'less,
the urine

UTOPIA

460

place.

UP'WARD,
UP'WARDg,

;;

n.

ordinarily.
[Lat. usucaptre,

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

what

Usefulness. Usefulness is AnSyn.

glo-Saxon, and utility is Latin: and
hence the former Is used chiefly of things
in the concrete, while the latter is employed more in a general and abstract
sense. Thus, we speak of the utility of
an invention, and the usefulness of the
tiling invented; of the utility of an institution, and the usefulness of an indiStill, the words are, in many
vidual.
cases, used interchangeably.
V. t.
[-ED -ING.] To
turn to profitable account or use.
a. [A.-S. utemost, utemestt
from ute, ut, out, and truest, mest,
1. Most distant; extreme;
most.]
last. 2. Being in the greatest degree.
The most that can be.
n.
U-TO'PI-A, n. [Gr. ov, not, and toVos,
a place.] 1. An imaginary island,
represented by Sir Thomas More, as
enjoying the greatest perfection in

U'TIL-IZE,

UT'MOST,

ERE, VEIL, TERM; PIQUE, firm; s6n,


UTOPIAN
&c.

politics, laws,

2.

[fanciful.

Ideal;

chimerical;
U'TRI-LE, n.
[Lat. utriculus, dim.
of uter, utris, a bag, skin.] A little
bag or bladder a little cell.
thr'TER.rt.
[A.-S. titter, Uter, exterior, fr. (it, ute, out.] 1. Outer. [Obs.]
a.

2.

3. Mere
entire
[-ED; -ING.] [See suTo put in circulation as

Complete

quite.
pra.]

total.

v.t.
1.

To give expression to
to speak.

money.

2.

publish

VALLEY

461

place of ideal

perfection.

U-TO'PI-AN,

to

tfa'TER-A-BLE,

U'VE-oOs,

a.
[Lat. uva, a bunch of
_ grapes, a grape.] Resembling a grape.
n.
[N. Lat., dim. of Lat
sale
expression prouva, a grape.]
The fleshy conical
nunciation.
body depending from the middle of
fJT'TER-ER, n. One who utters.
the lower border of the soft palate.
fJT'TER-LY, adv. To the full extent
Ux-O'Ri-ofJS (89), a.
[Lat. uxorius,
from uxor, a wife.] Excessively and
to the greatest degree possible fully
perfectly^ totally.
foolishly fond of a wife.
t^T'TER-MOST, a. Extreme being in Ux-O'Rl-ous-LY, adv. With fond ox
the furthest, greatest, or highest
servile submission to a wife.
degree.
n. Extremest thing or de- Ux-o'ri-ous-ness, n.
Excessive and
gree possible.
foolish fondness for a wife.

Capable of being

a.

uttered or expressed.

fJT'TER-ANCE.

n.
circulation

Act of uttering

U'ru-LA,

V.
the twenty -second letter of
the English alphabet, represents

V(ve),

a uniform consonant sound.

See
Principle s of Pronunciation, 101.
Va'AN-9Y, n. 1. Emptiness hence ,-

Yag'A-Bond,

[Lat.

a.

vagabnndus, Yale, 71.

between

vagari, to stroll about.]

Strolling wandering.
n. One who wanders from place to place, having no
certain dwelling a vagrant.
Vag'a-bond'age, ) n. Condition of
fr.

[Cf.

Valley.] Low ground

hills.

VXL'E-Dre'TION,

[Lat. valedicere,
farewell.

n.

-dictum, to say farewell.]

VXl'e-di-to'ri-an, n. One who

idleness.
leisure
2. Empty space
pronounces a valedictory address.
vacuity a chasm. 3. A post un- VXg'a-bond'ism, \
a vagabond; a VXl'e-dI'to-ry, a. Bidding fareYXg'a-bond'ry, ) state of wanfilled
an unoccupied office.
well.
n. A farewell address at comVA'ANT, a.
[Lat. vacans, p. pr. of
dering about in idleness.
mencement in American colleges.
vacare, to be empty, to be free from YA-GA'RY, n.
[Lat. vagari, to stroll VXl'en-tine, n. A sweetheart chosen,
1. Empty; not filled.
2.
about.] A wandering of the thoughts;
labor.]
or a love-letter sent, on St. Valentine's
Unemployed unoccupied.
a wild freak a whim.
3. Not
day x the 14th of February.
occupied with an incumbent. 4. Not VXG'l-NAL,a.[Lat. vagina, a sheath.] Va-le'ri-an, n. [Either fs. some one
;

occupied with study or reflection.

Empty. A

Svx.

empty
an empty

thing

is

when

there is nothing in it; as,

room. Vacant adds the ideaof a thing's
having been previously filled, or intended to be tilled or occupied; as, a vacant
seat at the table, &c.

Va'cate,

v.

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

[Lat.

vacare, -cation, to be empty.] 1. To

leave empty. 2. To annul to make
void.
Ya-A'TION, n. [Lat. vacatio.
See
supra.] 1. The act of vacating.
2.
Intermission of a stated employment,
;

procedure, or office

YX-e'91-NATE,
'

rest.

[-Ei> -iNG.l [Lat.

vaccinus, belonging to a cow vacca,
w.

t.

To inoculate with the cow-

a cow.]
pox.

YX/l-NA'TION,

n. Act, art, or practice of vaccinating.

[nates.
VXcNpi-NA'TOR, n. One who vacciYXc'^ine ( vak/sin or vak'sin), a. Pertaining to cows, or to vaccination.
[-ED; -ING.]
VX^'IL-late, v. i.
[Lat. vacillare, -latum.] 1. To move

one way and the other

To fluctuate

in

mind

to reel.

2.

or opinion.

Relating to, or like, a sheath.

YA'gran-^y, n. State of wandering
without a settled home.
Ya'grant, a. [Norm. Fr. vagarant,
0. Fr. vagant, fr. vaguer, to stray,
Lat. vagari.]
1. Moving without
certain direction.
2.
Wandering
from place to place without any settled habitation.
n.
An idle wanderer a vagabond.
[manner.

2.

Fluctua-

Ya-U'i-ty,

[Lat. vacuitas.]

n.

1.

Emptiness. 2. Space unfilled or unoccupied void vacuum.

VXTj-fJM, n. [Lat., fr. vacuus.] Space
devoid of all matter or body.
Va'de-me'cum, n. [Lat., go with
me.]
A book or other thing that a
person carries with him as a constant
:

companion.
6r, do,

YXl'et

(val'et or val'a), n. [Fr. valet,

L. Lat. vasletus, varieties, vassus. Cf.

Varlet and Vassal.] A servant
who attends on a gentleman.

Valet de chamhre (va'la de shi'br).

[Fr.] A body servant.
adv.
In a vagrant
VXl/e-tu/di-na'ri-an,
a. [Lat. val~
YAGUE (vag), a. [-ER -EST.] [Lat.
etudinarius, fr. valere, to be strong
vagus.] 1. Unsettled; undetermined.
or
well.] Of infirm health
seeking
2. Proceeding from no known auto recover health.
71. A sickly perthority,
[manner.
son
one
seeking
to
recover
health.
Vague'ly (vagly"), adv. In a vague
Yague'nss (vag'nes), n. Quality or VXl'e-tu'di-na-ry (44), a. Infirm ;
sickly.
n. An infirm person.
condition of being vague.
[Fr. vaillant, Lat. vaU
Yail,, n. [Written also veil.] A con- VXl'iant, a.
ens, p. pr. of valere, to be strong.]
cealing screen.
v. t. [From 0. Eng.
1. Intrepid in danger
courageous
avail, to let down, fr. Lat. ad, to, and
brave. 2. Performed with valor.
vallis, valley.]
To lower in token of
YAl'iant-ly', adv. In a valiant maninferiority, reverence, or submission.
ner bravely heroically.
Yain, a. [-ER;-EST.] [Lat. vanus.]
;

Having no

real substance, value,

or importance. 2. Destitute of force
1.

or efficiency.

3.

Elated with

conceit, or with things

tion of mind.

Lat. valere, to

self-

more showy

See

reeling, or staggering.

fr.

be powerful, on account of its medicinal virtues.] A plant, one species

of which is used in medicine.

Ya'grant-ly,

Fluctuate.
than valuable.
VX^'il-la'tion, n.
1. A wavering, Vain-glo'ri-ous,
Syn.

called Valerius, or

a.

Yain to excess

of one's own achievements boastful.

Vain-glo'ry, n. Excessive vanity
;

excited by one's own performances.

Yain'ly, adv. Without effect proud;

ly

idly

VXl'ance,
valaunt,

foolishly.
n.
[From

Norm. French

avalant, descending,
See VAIL,.] Hanging drapery for a bed, a couch, or a
window, &c.
v.t.
[-ED -ING.]
To furnish with a valance.
Fr.

hanging down.

wqlf, too. TOOK; rn,rue,pt;ll

VXl'id,

a. [Lat. validus, fr. valere, to

1. Having sufficient
be strong.]
strength founded in truth. 2. Executed with the proper formalities.
Va-lid'i-ty, n. 1. Quality of being
valid power to convince. 2. Legal
strength or force.
Va-lise', n. [From a hypoth. Lat.
valitia, vidulitia, from vidulus, a
leathern trunk, knapsack.] A small
sack or case, for clothing, &c.
VAL-la'TION, n. [Lat. vallum, ram;

part,

fr.

VXl'LEY

vallus, palisade.] A rampart

(148), n. [Lat. vallis, valles.l
inclosed between ranges oi

The space

mountains.

hills or

E,i, o, silent; 9,G,so/i;

?,

Syn. Vale;
5, Iwtrd;

dale; dell; dingle; hollow.

Ag; ejistj jfosNG; this

VALOR
vXl'OR,

personal bravery.
Syn. Courage bravery 5 boldness;
fearlessness. See Heroism.
VAl'OR-OUS, a. Possessing or exhibger

VASCULAR

462

be strong.]
Strength of mind in regard to dann. [Lat. valere, to

who march

Troops
army.

Va-nIl'lA,

of an

in front

n. [N. Lat., fr. Lat. vagi-

na, because its seeds are in little

pods ] A genus of plants remarkable
for a delicate and agreeable odor.

[-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

[manner. VAn'ish, v. i.
vanescere, evanescere, from vanus,
VAl'OR-oOs-LY, adv. In a valorous
empty, vain ] 1. To be lost to view
VAl'U-a-ble, a. 1. Having value or
to disappear gradually.
2. To pass
worth. 2. Deserving esteem; preaway.
n. Closing portion of a sylcious costly.
n. A thing of value.
lable, or of a vocal element.
VAl/U-a'TION, n. 1. The act of valuing, or of setting a price appraise- VAn'i-ty, . [Lat. vanitas.] 1 Want
of substance to satisfy desire.
2.
ment. 2. Value set upon a thing.
Empty pride; ostentation. 3. Any
VAl/UE, n. [0. Fr.,from valoir, p. p.
thing visionary, or unsubstantial.
valu, to be worth, fr. Lat. valere.]
1. Property or properties of a thing
Syn. Egotism emptiness self-suf
ficiency; ostentation. See Pride.
which render it useful
2. Precise
VAn'quish (vank'wish), v. t. [-ED
signification.
3. Estimated worth
-ING.]
[Fr. vnincre, pret. vainquis,
amount obtainable in exchange.
Lat. vincere.] 1. To subdue in batv.t. [-ed;-ing.] 1. To estimate the
iting valor.

worth of; to appraise. 2. To rate at

a high price to have in high esteem
Syn. To compute; rate; esteem; re;

Bpect; regard; prize.

VAl/ue-less,

VAlv'ate,

a.

a.

Having no worth.

Resembling or serving

1.

esp.

One who van-

n.

ing only in one direction.

a. Pertaining to, or con-

taining, jpalves
VAMP, n. [Abbrev. fr. Fr. avant-pied
The upper
forefoot and vamp.]
leather of a shoe.
v. t. [-ED ; -ING.]
To piece with a new part to repair.
VAMP'ER, n. One who vamps.
VAM'PIRE, n. [Ger.
D. vampir.] 1.
dead person superstitiously believed to wander about the earth doing every kind of mischief to the living. 2. An extortioner. 3.
large
species of bat.
VAm'pir-ism, n. 1. Belief in the existence of vampires. 2. Practice of
',

&

extortion

[Abbrev. fr. van-guard.]

front of an army, or the front
line of a fleet. 2. [Lat. vannus.] A
fan for cleansing grain. 3. A large,
light, covered wagon.
VAn'-GOU'ri-er, n. [Fr. avantcourrier, fr. avant, before, and courrier,
a runner.]
A light-armed soldier
sent before an army to beat the road.
YAn'dal, n. 1. One of a barbarous
horde that invaded Rome in the 5th
century. 2. One who is ignorant and
barbarous.
Van-dAl'ig, a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Vandals barbarous.
VAn'dal-IM, n. Spirit or conduct of
Vandals hostility to the arts and
n.

being vanquished.

quishes a conqueror a victor.

a door.]
a folding door. 2 VAn'tage,
n.
[See Adan aperture, open- VAN'TAGE-GROUND, ) VANTAGE.]

VALV'U-LAR,

VAN,
The

to

Syn. To overcome; confute; silence.

See Conquer.
VAn'quish-a-ble, a.
Capable of

[Lat. valva, leaf of

door

A lid or cover to

any contest

tle.
2. To defeat in
refute in argument.

VAn'quish-er,

as a valve.

VAlve, n.

1.

Superior or more favorable situation

or opportunity.

VAp'id,

a. [Lat. vapidus, lit. having

emitted steam or vapor, fr. vapor,
steam.]
Having lost its life and
spirit.

Va-pid'i-ty,
VAp'id ness,

Va'por,

n.

n.

being vapid

want of life or

[Lat.]

Any

1.

spirit.

substance

in the gaseous or aeriform state. 2.

Any visible diffused substance floating in the atmosphere, as smoke or
fog.
3 Something unsubstantial or
fleeting. 4. (pi.)

fections

Hypochondriacal af[-ED;
v. i.

dejection.

-ING.] 1. To pass off in fumes to be

exhaled. 2. To boast vainly ; to brag.
VAp'o-ra-bTl'i-ty, n. Quality of
being vaporable.
VAp'o-ra-ble, a. Capable of being
converted into vapor.
Va'por-bath, n. Application of vapor to the body in a close place.
Va'por-er, n. A braggart.
VAp'O-rif'IG, a. [Lat. vapor, vapor,
and/acere, to make.] Forming into
vapor.
[manner.
Va'POR-ING-LY, adv. In a boasting
Va'por-Ish, a. Full of vapors ; affected by hysterics.
;

VAp'o-ri-za'tion,
mationof vapor.

n.

Artificial for-

VAp'or-ize (110), v. t. [-ED -ING.]

To convert into vapor by heat.
v.
literature.
To pass off in vapor.
Van-dyke', n. An indented and scol- Va'POR-oOs, a. 1. Full of vapors.
loped cape for the neck formerly Va'por-y,
2. Windy flatulent.
worn by women.
[ing variable.
3. Unreal
vain.
;

?'.

VANE,n.
/ana,

[A.-S. fana, banner, Goth.

cloth.]
1.
contrivance to

show which way the wind blows. 2.

Thin, membranous part of a feather.

VXN'-GUARD,

n. [Fr. avant-garde, fr.

avant, before, and garde, guard.]

I, g,

I,

Quality of be-

Va/ri-a-bYl'i-ty, n.

V A'RI-A-BEE

a.

[Lat. variabilis.]

Capable of alteration in any

2. Liable to change.

1.

man-

ner.

Syn. Changeable mutable; fickle;

unsteady; inconstant.

6, u, Y,long; A,E,1, 6, 0,y, short;

cAre, far, Ask,

all,,

n.

a.

in-

Va'ri-A-bly, adv. Changeably.

VA'Rl-ANCE,n. 1. Change of condi
tion.

A disagreement

2.

or incon-

sistency between two parts of the

same legal proceeding, which, to b
effectual, ought to agree together. 3.
Dissension.
Va'ri-a'tion, n. 1. A partial change
in the form, position, state, or qualities of the same thing.
2. Amount
or rate of change

Syn. Change ; vicissitude

alteration; diversity.
VXR'I-GOSE (125),
VAr'I-GOUS,
J
enlarged,^ veins.
Va'ri-e-gate, v.

a.

variety;

[See supra ]
Preteruafcurally

t.

[-ed; -ING]

[Lat. variegare, -gatum, fr. van us,

various, and agere, to move, make.]
To diversify in external appearance.
Va'ri-e-ga'tion, n. Act of variegating or state of being variegated diversity of colors.
Va-ri'e-ty, n. 1. Intermixture or
succession of different things. 2.
number of different things. 3. Something varying from others of the
same general kind.
Syn. Diversity. A man has a variety of employments when he does
many things which are not a mere repetition of the same act; he has a diversity
of employments when the several acts
performed are unlike each other, that is,
diverse. In most cases, where there is
variety there will be more or less of diversity, but not always.
;

Va'ri-o-loid', or VAr'i-o-loid', n.
[L. Lat. variola, the small-pox, fr.
Lat. varius, various, and Gr eloo?,
form.] The small-pox as modified
by previous inoculation or vaccina[small-pox.
tion,
VA-Rl'O-EOfis, a. Pertaining to the
Va'ri-6'rum. [Lat., (with notes) of
various persons.] Containing notes
by different persons.
VA'Rl-otrs, o. [Lat. varius ] 1. Dif2.
Changeable
ferent
diverse.
uncertain. 3. Diversified.
;

VA'Rl-ous-LY, adv. In various ways.

Var'let,

n.

vallet, fr.

[0. Fr. varht, vaslel,

lad, page, ser-

W. gwas, a

;
a scoundrel.
n. [See infra.] 1 A viscid,
glossy liquid. 2. Glossy appearance.

vant.]

low fellow

Var'nish,

[-ED;
Outside show.
v. t.
-ING.] [Fr. vernir, vernisser, as if
fr. a Lat. vitrinire, to glaze, fr. vitrum, glass.] 1. To lay varnish on.
2. To give a fair coloring or external
aspect to ; to gloss to palliate.
VSR'NISH-ER, n. One who varnishes.
Va'ry (89), v.t. [-ed; -ing, 14* J
3.

[Lat. variare, fr. varius, various.] 1.

To alter in form, appearance, substance, or position 2. To exchangeto alternate. 3. To diversify. v. 1.
2.
1. To be altered in any manner.
To differ. 3. To deviate. 4. To
disagree.
[Lat. vasculum, a
VAs'U-ear, a.

what ere, veil, TESMj pique,

;

may

quantity which

crease or decrease.
2. A shifting
trade-wind.
[aptness to vary.
Va'ri-a-ble-ness, n. Liableness or

fIrm; s6n,

VASCULARITY
small Tessel, dim. of vas, vessel.]
Relating to, or consisting of, the vessels of animal or vegetable bodies.
Yas'U-l,Xr'I-t*-, n. State or quality of being vascular.
Vase (m Eng. commonly vaz), n. [Lat

vas, vasum.]

ves-

of various forms
and materials.
VXs'sal, n.
[L. Lat.
vasallus,
vassallus,

W.

One who holds land

a superior, and
vows fidelity to him. 2.
Vas'sal-age,. 1. State of being a
1.

of

Dependence

2.

slavery.

Vast,

[-er; -est.] [Lat. vastus,

empty, waste, vast.]
1. Being of
great extent. 2. Very great in numbers or amount. 3. Very great in
force or importance.
Syn. Enormous huge immense.
n. A waste region.

[It. vedetta, for ven.

as if from vedere, to see, Lat.
videre, but really fr. veglia, Lat. vigilia, watch.]
mounted sentinel.
Veer, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [Fr. virer.]
To change direction to turn. v. t+
To direct to a different course.

Vel'lum,

Veg'e-ta-ble,

Ve-loc'i-ty,

VAS-TA'TlON,n.

[Lat. vegetabilis,
enlivening, fr. vegetare, to enliven.]
Relating to, or consisting of, plants.
An organized
n.
[See infra.]
body destitute of sense and volun[table.
tary motion a plant.
Veg'e-tal, a. Pertaining to a vegeVeg'e-ta'ri-an (89), n. One who
;

holds that vegetables are the only

proper food for man.
a.
Pertaining to vegetarianism.

n. Theory and
practice of living solely on vegeta-

VEG'E-TA'Rl-AN-lgM,

Va-tic'I-nal,

VE'HE-MENT,

Pertaining to, or
containing, prophecy.
a.

nari, -natus,

fr.

&

v.

t.
i. [Lat. vaticivates, a prophet.] To

prophesy.
*.

Prediction

prophecy.

Vaude'ville

(vod'vil), n.
[Fr.,
Vau-de-vire, a village in Normandy.] 1. A kind of song of a lively
character.
2. A theatrical piece,
intermingled with light or satirical
songs.
Vault, n. [L.
Lat. volta, vofr.

luta,

from

Lat.

volu-

volvere,

tum, to roll,
turn about.
1. An arched
arched
Vault
apartment, especially a cell a cellar. 3. A leap or
bound.
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
cover with a vault to arch.
2. To

mount by

leaping.
v. i.
1. To
leap; to jump. 2. To exhibit feats
of tumbling or leaping.

VAULT'ER, n. One who vaults.

VXUNT, v. i. [-ED; -ING-.] [Fr. vantar, L. Lat. vanitare, fr. Lat. vanus,
vain.]
To boast; to brag.
v.t.
To boast of.
n.
vain display of

what one

vehemens.]

[Lat.

a.

1. Acting with great force.

eager, urgent, or fervent.

Syn. Furious;

2.

Very

violent; impetuous;

is,

Ve'he-ment-ly,

or has, or has done.

One who vaunts.
Fr. veel, vedel, Lat.

n.
[0.

OR, DO, WOLF, TOO,

Ve-loc'i-PEDE, n. [Lat. velox, swift,

and pes, pedis, a foot.] A light roadcarriage for a single person, who
propels it by his feet.
[Lat. velodtas.] 1.
n.
Quickness of motion speed rapidity.
2. Rate of motion.
Vel'vet, n. [0. Eng. veluet, L. Lat.
velluetum, vellutum. from Lat. vil

is

conveyance.
munication.

or

shaggy

lus,

vehiculum

ve-

Ve'nal,
to

be

a.
[Lat. venalis, fr. venire,
sold.]
To be bought or ob-

money

sale.

as,

a venal press.

Ve-nal'i-ty,
being venal

State or quality of

n.

mercenariness.

VEN'A-RY,

a.
[L. Lat. venarius, fr.
Lat. venari, to hunt.] Relating to

hunting.

Vend,

v.

[-ED; -ing.]

t.

der e.] To sell.

Vend-ee', n. One

to

[Lat.

whom

ven-

a thing

State of being

vendible or salable.

a.

Pertaining to,
or serving as, a

ity

vendibilis.]
salable.

-ing.] 1. To cover
with a veil. 2. To hide to conceal.
VEIN, n. [Lat. vena.] 1. A vessel
which receives the blood from the
capillaries, and returns it to the
heart. 2. A small rib of the framework of leaves, &c. 3. A seam or
layer, intersecting a rock or stratum. 4. A streak in wood, or marble, &c. 5. A current a course. 6.
Tendency or turn of mind humor.
v.t. To form or mark with veins.
Veined, ) a. Full of veins streaked
variegated.
VilN'Y,
VEL'LI-ATE, V. t. & i. [-ED -ING.]
;

Ca-

State or qual-

of being vendible.

Vend'or,
vender

[See

n.

Vender.]

seller.

Ven-due',

n.
[0. Fr. vendue, from
vendre, to sell.] Public sale to the

highest bidder

Ve-neer',

v.

t.

an auction.
[-ED -ing.] [From
;

Fr. fournir, to furnish.]

lay with a thin layer of
decoration.
n.
A thin

See Vail.

[-ed

held for

Syn. Mercenary. One is mercenary who is either actually a hireling (as,

mercenary soldiers, a mercenary judge,
&c), or is governed by a sordid love of
gain hence, we spealc of mercenary motives, a mercenary marriage, &c.
Venal
goes further, and supposes an actual
purchase, which places a person or thing
wholly in the power of the purchaser

That in which Vend'i-ble, a. [Lat.

may be carried a
pable of being sold
Instrument of com- Vend'i-ble-ness, n.

v.t.

having a

stuff

Vend'i-bil'i-ty, n.
;

vehicle.
VEJL, n. [Lat. velum, a sail, covering, curtain, fr. vehere, to bear, car1. Something to intercept the
ry.]
view a screen to protect the face.
2.
cover a disguise.
.

hair.]

short shag of silk on the surface.

n.
Cloth made of
cotton, in imitation of velvet.
VEl'vet-y, a. Made of, or like, velvet soft.

VEL/VET-EEN',

2.

VE-Hlfu-LAR,
Ve-HI'u-la-ry,

Syn

[Lat.
here, to carry.]
1.

any thing

ment.

is vended or sold.
[seller.
In a vehe- Vend'er, n.
One who vends a

adv.

ment manner.
Ve'hi-cle, n.

An

Vaunt'ER,
VEAL,n.

roof or ceiling.
2.

i. [-ed; -ing.] [Lat.

vegetare, -taturn, to enliven, fr. vegetus, animated.]
1.
To grow, as
plants to sprout. 2. To do nothing
but eat jind grow.
Veg'e-ta'tion, n. 1. A vegetable
growth. 2. Sum of vegetable life.
Veg'E-ta'tive, a. Growing, or having the power of growing, as plants.
Ve'he-MENCE, n. 1. Quality of being vehement impetuosity. 2. Violent ardor animated fervor.

passionate; ardent.

VA-Tlc'I-NA'TION,

move

[Fr. velin, fr. Lat. viu

fine kind of parch-

n.

ulus, a calf.]

tained for

bles.

Veg'e-tate.-u.

a.

[Lat. vastatio, from

vastare, to lay waste.]
laying
waste devastation.
[degree.
Vast'ly, adv. To a vast extent or
Vast'ness, n. Enormous magnitude,
amount, or importance.
Vast'y, a. Immense vast.
VAT, n. [A.-S. fat, fat]
large
cask-like receptacle.
Vat 'I -e IDE, n. [Lat. vates, a prophet,
and cze/Iere, to kill.] The murder, or
the murderer, of a prophet.

Va-tic'i-nate,

gwasawl,

[Lat. vellicare, -catum.]

To
spasmodically; to twitch.

of the face.

erature of the Hindoos.

Ve-dette',

serving, fr. gwas, a

youth, page, servant.]

vassal.
a.

dim. of vitulus, a calf.]

Flesh of a calf dressed for food.

vitellus,

Ve/da, or Ve'da, n. [Skr. veda, Vel'li-ca'tion, n. Convulsive motion of a muscular fiber, especially
knowledge.] The ancient sacred lit-

letta,

sel,

from

VENERATION

463

To overwood for

leaf of a
superior material for overlaying an

inferior one.

TOOK; URN, RUE, PULL

E,

I,

O, silent; C, G, soft;

Ve-neer'ing,

n. Act or art of overlaying a coarse or inferior wood with

thin leaves of a superior material, or
the covering thus laid on.

Ven'er-a-ble, a. [Lat. venerabilis.]

1. Worthy of veneration or reverence. 2. Rendered sacred by asso[manner.
In a venerable
[-ED -ING.] [Lat.
ve.nerari, -ratus.]
To regard with
respect and reverence.
[with awe.
Ven'er-a/tion, n. Respect mingled
ciations,

Ven'er-a-BLY, adv.
VEN'ER-ATE,1>.

t.

,&,hard; A; EIST

NaslNG; THIS.

VENERATOR
[Lat. venereus,

(89), d.

Ven-tr!l/o-quIm,

tercourse. 2. [Fr. venerie, from 0.

Fr. vener, veneir, Lat. venari, to
hunt.] Act or exercise of hunting.
"VE'NE-sEf'TlON, n.
[Lat. vena, a
Act of
vein, and sectio, a cutting.]
opening a vein for letting blood.
Ve-ne'tian, a. Pertaining to Venice.
native of Venice.
n.
VENGE'ANCE, n. [Lat. vindicare, to

VEN-TRtL'o-QUJST,

Avenge.] Punishment

avenge. See

inflicted in return for injury or ofoften, passionate revenge.

iense

Venge'FUL,
Ve'ni-al,

Vindictive.

a.

venia,
forgiveness.]
Capable of being for[nial.
given excusable.
Ve'NI-al-ness, n. State of being veVe-ni're, or Ve-nI're Fa'ci-as
a.

[Lat. venialis,

fr.

[Lat., cause to come.]

(fa'shi-as), n.

A writ

to cause a number of qualipersons to appear in court to

serve as jurors.
VEN'i-son (or ven'zn), n. [0. Fr. fr.
Lat. venatio, hunting.] Flesh of deer,
hares, and certain birds called game
in the United States, applied exclusively to the flesh of deer.
fied

Ven'om,

n.

Poison.

venenum.]

[Lat.

2. Spite

1.

Act or art of

n.

speaking in such a manner that the

voice appears to come from
tant or different place.

prac-

tices ventriloquism.

[Lat. ventriloquus, fr. venter, the belly, and

loqui, to speak.]
Speaking so that
the sound appears to come from a
a.

place remote.

VENT'URE,n.

[See

Adventure.]

1.

An

undertaking of chance or danger

a hazard. 2. Chance; contingency. 3.
Thing put to hazard a risk.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To have the courage
or presumption to do, undertake, or
say something. 2. To run a hazard
or risk.
v. t. 1. To risk. 2. To put
or send on a venture or chance.

Vent'UR-er. n. One who hazards.

VENT'URE-SOME,a. Inclined to venture venturous.
Syn. Bold; dazing; intrepid.
VENT'UR-oOs, a. Daring bold adventurous,
[boldly.
VENT'UR-OUS-EY, adv.
Daringly
;

VEN'UE,n.

(Law.) The place where

an action is laid.
VE'NUS, n. 1. Goddess. of female
beauty and of love. 2. One of the
planets.
a.

[Lat. verax, veracis,

Lat. venenosus, fr. venenum, poison.]

poisonous. 2.
1.
Full of venom

verus, true.] 1. Habitually disposed to speak truth truthful. 2.

Characterized by truth.
Ve-rAc'i-ty, n. Habitual observance
of truth truthfulness.

Noxious

Ve-rXn'dA

Syn.

fr.

See Poison.

Ven'OM-oOs,

a.

Eng. venemous

[0.

malignant.

Ven'om-ous-ly, adv.

Poisonously
spitefully.
[being venomous.
Vn'om-ous-ness, n. Quality of
Ve'nous, a. [Lat. venosus ; vena, a
vein.]
Pertaining to, or contained
in, a vein or veins.
Vent, n. [Prob. from Fr. vent, wind.]
1.
A hole, or passage for air or any
esp., the opening at
fluid to escape
the breech of a fire-arm. 2. Opportunity of escape from confinement or
[-ED;
privacy; emission.
v. t.
-ING.] 1. To let out at a small ap;

n.
[Skr. waranda, Per.
baramadan, from Per. bar, up, and

(-tek'), n. [Fr., ft.

verd, vert, green, and antique, ancient.]
1.
green incrustation on
ancient coins, brass or copper, pro-

duced by the action of time.

hellebore.] A veg)
etable alkaloid, acrid and poisonous.
VERB (14), n. [Lat. vtrbum, a word,
verb.] A word expressing being,
action, or the suffering of action.
VER'BAL, a. [Lat. verbalis; verbum, a
word.] 1. Spoken oral not writ-

Ve-ra'trine,

Dealing with words rather

3. Having word answering to word
literal.
4.
De2.

than things.

2.

mottled-green marble.

VER'DER-ER,

[L. Lat. viridarius,

n.
fr. Lat. viridis, green.] An officer of
the king's forests.
VEr'djct, n. [L. Lat. verdictum, fr.
Lat. vere, truly, and dictum, a say-

ing a word.] 1. Decision or answer

of a jury in any cause committed to
them. 2. Decision judgment.
Ver'di-gris (-grees), n. [A corrupt,
of N. Lat. viride seris, green of brass.]
;

An

acetate of copper.

VER'DI-TER,

n.

An

e.,

VERD'URE

verd-de-terre,

[Fr.

earth green.]
pigment.

i.

azure-blue

[Fr., fr. verd, Lat.

viridis, green ]
Greenness ; freshness of vegetation,
[ure.
VErd'ur-OUS, a. Covered with verd[Fr. ; Lat. virga, fr.
(14), n.
virere, to be green.]
1.
kind of
(53), n.

VErge

rod or mace.

2. Shaft of a column.
Spindle of a watch-balance. 4.
Compass or extent of the king's
court. 5. [See VERGE, v. i.] Extreme
side or end of any thing of some
length.
%.i.
[-ED -ing.] [Lat.
3.

1. To bend
to slope.
To border upon to approach.

vergere.]

2.

Vr'ger,. [Fr., fr. verge, a rod.] 1

One who carries a verge or emblem
of

2.

office.

ctmadah, p. p. of amadan, to come.]

A kind of open portico.
VER'a-tri'nA, n.
[Lat. veratrum,

ten.

a.
[Lat. viridans. grow*
ing green.] 1. Covered with growing
plants
green
fresh.
2. Ignorant
of the ways of the world.

some dis- VerD'-AN-TJQUE'

One who

n.

Ven-tril'o-quoDs,

Ve-RA'cioOs,

malice.

commu- VER'DANT,

cavities of the heart which

nicate with the auricles.

Venus, the goddess of love.] Pertaining to sexual love.

VEN'ER-Y, n. 1. [Lat. Venus, Veneris,
goddess of love.] Sexual love or infr.

VERMICULAR

464

VfiN'ER-A'TOR.n. One who venerates.

Ve-ne're-al

Beadle of a cathedral

church.

[verified.

Ver'i-fPa-ble.

a.
Capable of being
VER'i-Fi-eA'TiON,n. Act of verifying;

state of being verified confirmation.

VER'I-FI_'ER, n. One who verifies.
VER'I-FY, v. t. [-ED -ING, 142.] [L.
Lat. veriftcare ; Lat. verus, true, and
facere, to make.] 1. To prove to be
true; to confirm. 2. To establish
the authenticity of.
Ver'i-ly, adv. 1. In truth in fact. 2.
With great confidence.
;

VER'I-sTm'i-lar,

a. [Lat. verisimilis,

erture. 2. To suffer to escape.

fr. verus, true, and similis, like, simiVEN'TI-DtteT. n. [From Lat. ventus,
rived directly from a verb,
[orally.
lar.] Having the appearance of truth.
wind, and ductus, a leading, con- VER'BAL-IM,n. Something expressed VERa-sl-MJL'l-TUDE, n. Appearance
duit.]
A passage for ventilating Ver'BAL-ly, adv. By words spoken
of truth likelihood.
;

apartments.

VEN'TI-LATE,

[-ED; -ING.]
V. t.
[Lat. ventilare, -latum; ventulus, a
slight wind.] 1. To fan ; to expose to
the free passage of air. 2. To sift and
examine; to expose to discussion.
VEn'ti-la'tion, n.
Act of ventilating, or state of being ventilated ;
free exposure to air.

orally.
2. Word for word.
VER-BA'TiM,adv. [L. Lat.]

VER'I-TA-BLE, a.
"Word

[Lat. Veritas, truth.]

Agreeable to truth or to fact

Ver'I-ta-bey, adv. Really

real.

truly.
word in the same words.
Ver-be'na, n. [L. & N. Lat. ver- Ver'I-ty, n. [Lat. Veritas.] 1. Consonance to fact. 2. A true assertion
bena., vervain.]
A genus of plants
or tenet.
VER'BER-A'TION, n. [Lat. verberatio.]
Syn. Truth; certainty; reality.
Act of beating, or striking blows.
Ver'BI-AGE, n. [See VERB.] Supera- VEr'jui^e, n. [Fr. verjus, ft. verd,
Sour
vert, green, and jus, juice.]
bundance of words verbosity.
Ven'ti-la'tor, n. A contrivance for VER-BOSE', a. [Lat. verbosus ; verbum,
juice of crab-apples, unripe grapes,
drawing off foul air, and introducing
and the like.
a word.] Using or containing more
that which is fresh and pure.
Ver'me, n. pi. [Lat.] Worms.
words than are necessary.
Ten'tral, a. [Lat. ventralis; venter, Ver-bos'i-ty, n. Quality of being Ver/mi-<?el'li (-chel'li or -sePH), n.

the belly.]

Belonging to the belly.

Ven'TRI-LE,

n.

[Lat.

ventriculus,

dim. of venter, the belly.] A cavity

of the animal body
esp. one of two
;

A. E.

I.

for

verbose; wordiness.
n. 1. Quality or condition of being verdant greenness. 2.
Rawness inexperience

VR'DAN-9Y,

O, U, Y,long; A, ,I,6.tt,Y, short;

[It. pi. of vermicello, strictly, a little

wheat paste, made into
slender, worm-like form.
VER-Ml'u-liAR, a. [N. Lat. vermicu-

worm.]

cARE,FAR, Ask, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEU,, TfiRM; PIQUE, fIrm; s6n

VERMICULATE
,

worm, and forma, form.] Having

the shape of a worm.
VEr'mi-fuge, n. [From Lat. vermis,
a worm and fugere, to flee.] A medi,

cine that expels worms.

(-mil / yun), n. [L. Lat.
verm ilium, from Lat. vermiculus, a
little worm, esp. that which furnishes

VER-MIL'ION

the scarlet color.] 1. Red sulphuret

2.
Coor sulphide of mercury.
chineal. 3. A beautiful red color,
VEr'MIN, n. pi. [From Lat. vermis, a
worm.] Petty noxious little animals
or insects, as rats, mice, grubs, &c.
V R'MI-NA'TION, n. 1. Generation of
vermin. 2. A griping of the bowels.

VER'min-oDs,
min.

a.

Infested

1.

by

ver-

Caused by vermin.

2.

VER-MiP'A-ROUS, a.
worm, and parere,

YETO

465

vermiculus a little worm.]

Pertaining to, or resembling, the
motiou of a worm.
VER-MT'U-LATE, V. t. [-ED -ING.]
To form, by inlaying which resembles the tracks of worms.
T^p-Mffyu-LA'TION, n. Act or operation of moving in the form of a worm
or of forming so as to resemble the
motion of a worm.
Ver-mTcu-lous, a. Containing, or
resembling, worms.
Ver'MI-form, a. [Lat. vermis, a
can's, fr.

[Lat. vermis, a
to bring forth.]

quently, to be engaged in a thing.]

Acquainted

skilled

colorj

color,

a.

[Lat.

to

Ver'si-FI-ca'tion,

n.

practice of versifying

i.

One who makes

[-ED; -ING,

142.]
[Lat. versificare ; versus, a verse, and
facere, to make.] To make verses.
1. To relate in verse.
v. t.
2. To
turn into verse.
VEr'sion, n. [N. Lat. versio, fr. Lat.
vertere, to turn, translate.]
1. Act
of translating. 2.
translation.
Verst, n. [Russ. verstd.]
Russian
v.

measure of length of 1501 feet.

VER'SUS,prep. [Lat.] Against.
[Fr. vert, green.]

n.

1.

(Eng.

Forest Law.) Every thing that bears

2. A green color.
leaf.
VEr'te-ber, n. A vertebra.

a green

Ver'te-bra,
BRJii.

A joint

[Lat.,

n.

from

ver'tepi.
vertere, to turn.]

of the back-bone.

VEr'te-brae, a

Pertaining to the
joints of the spine or back-bone.
VEr'te-brate, n. An animal having an internal jointed skeleton.

a.

any kind.

2.

structure

made

to

on the water, for purposes of

commerce or war. 3. Any tube or canal in which the blood or other fluid
float

[verses.

n.

VEr'si-fy,

VERT,

[Lat. vespertinus.)
Relating to, or being in, the evening.
Ves'sel,, n. [Lat. vascellum, dim. of
vas, a vessel.] 1.
hollow dish of

Act, art, or
metrical com-

position,

VEr'si-fPer,

Catholic

church.

Ves'per-tine,

change, and
Having various colors.

versare,

Roman

the

in

service,

practiced.

Vers'er, n. A versifier.
VEr'si-coi/or (-kul'ur),
VEr'si-col'gr-ED (-kul'urd),
versicolor

is

contained, secreted, or circulated.

Vest,

garment, vest,
garment, vasjan, to
outer garment, or

[Lat. vestis, a

n.

Goth, vasti,
clothe.]

1.

An

any outer covering. 2.

v. t.
[-ed;-ing.]

waistcoat.

1. To clothe
with, or as with, a garment. 2. To
put in possession to furnish.
v. i.
To descend to take effect, as a right.
VES'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to Vesta,
a virgin goddess of fire among the
Romans. 2. Pure; chaste.
n. A
virgin consecrated to Vesta.
VEST'ED,p.a. Not in a state of contingency fixed.
[vestibule.
Ves-tib'u-lar, a. Pertaining to a
VES'TI-BULE, n. [Lat. vestibulum.}
An antechamber between the hall
and the outer doors a porch.
Syn.
Hall; passage
A vestibule is
a small apartment within the doors of a
building; a hall is the first large apartment beyond the vestibule, and, in this
country, is usually long and narrow,
serving as a passage to the several apartments.

Having a back-bone.
a.
Producing worms.
VER-MlV'O-ROGs, a. [Lat vermis, a VEr'tex, n.; Eng. pl_. vEr'tex-es
Lat. pi. VER'Tl-pES. [Lat., prop, Ves'tige,
worm, and vorare, to devour.] Feed;

ing on worms.

VER-NA'U-LAR,

[Lat. vernaculus,
native, fr. verna, a slave born in his
Belongmaster's house, a native.]
ing to the country of one's birth
One's mother tongue,
native.
n.
a.

or native language.

VEr'nal,

[Lat.

a.
2.

vernalis,

fr.

Belonging
Belonging to youth.

spring

vernis,
spring.

1.

ver,
to

n. [From the inventor.] A

short graduated scale for measuring
parts of the smallest spaces of a
graduated instrument.
Ve-RON'I-GA, n. [From Santa Veronica,* who, according to an old
legend, as Christ was carrying the

VER'NIER,

that which turns on or about itself.]

Top, summit, or crown, especially of
the head.
VER'Ti-AE, a. 1. At the vertex directly overhead, or in the zenith. 2.
;

Upright plumb.
Vr'ti-al-ly, adv.
VER-TIC'IL-LATE, a.

[manner.
In a vertical

[N. Lat. verti-

See Vertex.]
in a ring or whorl.
cillatus.

Arranged

a.
[Lat. vertiginovertigo, giddiness.] 1. Turning round rotary. 2. Giddy; dizzy.
fr.

[Lat. vestigium.']

Mark

supposes something'

left behind, while a

trace is a mere indication that something has beSn present or is present as,
traces of former population
a trace of
poison in a given substance.
;

VEst'ing,

Ver-tig'I-nous,
sus,

n.

of the foot left on the earth a track

or footstep sign.
Syn.
Trace.
Vestige is literally a
foot-print a trace is something drawn
out in a line. Vestige, therefore, always

Cloth for vests.

n.
[Lat. vestimentum,
to clothe.]
garment a

n.

VEST'MENT,
fr. vestire,

^ress

a robe.

VER-TiG'I-NOUS-NESS, n. Giddiness. VES'TRY, n. [Lat. vestiarium ; vestis,

VEr'ti-GO, n. [Lat., from vertere, to
a garment.] 1. A room in a church,
turn.] Dizziness or swimming of the
in which the sacerdotal vestments,
head giddiness.
[plant.
&c, are kept. 2. (Episcopal Church.)
[See Verbena.] A
A committee which manages the temcross, wiped his face with a cloth, Ver'vain, n.
[Lat. verax, true, veraporal concerns of a parish.
which received au impression of his Ver'y, a.
A portrait of our
cious.]
True; real; actual.
countenance.]
adv. VEST'URE (53), n. [From Lat. vestire
In a high degree exceedingly.
Saviour on handkerchiefs.
to clothe.]
A garment a robe
Ver's A-TILE a. [Lat versatilis ; ver- Ves'I-gant, n. [-ed -ING.] [Lat.
clothing dress apparel vestment
;

turn around.] 1. Liable to

be turned in opinion. 2. Turning
with ease from one thing to another.
3. Capable of revolving.
changeable
unSyx. Variable
sare, to

vesica, a blister.]
plication,

blistering ap[blisters.

habit; covering; envelope.

[Lat. vicia, 0. H. Ger.
n.

Vetch,

A leguminous plant.
Ves'i-A-to-ry, n. A blistering plas- Vet'er-an, a. [Lat. veteranus ; vetus,
ter.
a. Having a power to blister.
old.] Long exercised in any thing.
steady fickle.
Ves'i-LE, n. [Lat. vesicula, dim. of
n.
One long exercised in any service
A bladder-like
or art, particularly in war.
Vr/sa-til/i-ty, n. State or quality
vesica, a bladder.]
a cell. Vet'er-t-na'ri-an, n. [Lat. veteriof being versatile aptness to change.
vessel a membranous cavity
narius, fr. veterinarius, belonging to
\erse (14), n. [Lat. versus, a furrow, Ve-sig'u-lar, a. 1. Pertaining to,
beasts of burden fr. vehere, to carry.]
row, line, fr. vertere, to turn.] 1. A
or consisting of, vesicles. 2. Full of
line consisting of a certain number
interstices hollow.
One skilled in the diseases of cattle.
of long and short syllables, metrical- Ve-sic'u-late, a. Full of bladders; Vet'er-i-na-ry, or. Pertaining to the
3. A short
vesicular.
art of healing the diseases of domesly disposed. 2. Poetry.
division of any composition, espe- VES'PER, n. 1. [Lat. vesper, evening,
tic animals.
;

VES'l-CA'TlONjjt.

Process of raising

tvicce.]

cially of the Bible.

(vSrst),^. a.
p. p. of versari, to

VERS.ED

[Lat. versatus,

turn about

fre-

evening star, allied to Gr. eoTrepo?,

The evening star Venus
ea-nepa.]
;

hence, the evening.

6R,DO, wpLF,TOO,T0"bKv fJRN,RyE,Pr/LL-, E,

I,

o, silent

2.
;

pi.

Evening

c,G,sq/i:/

Ve'to,

n.

pi.

ve'toes.

[Lat. veto,

1. The power possessed

I forbid.]
by the executive of negativing a bill

,&,hard; A; EXIST; NasNG; THIS.

VEX
;

legislative
also, the

act of exercising this power.

authoritative prohibition.

[-ED

2.

v.

Any
t.

To withhold

-ING, 144.]

as-

sent to, especially to a bill for a law.

? EX, v. t. [-ED -ING-.] [Lat. vexare,
orig. to shake or toss, in carrying.]
;

To make angry by

1.

tions to irritate. 2.
disquiet to agitate.
Syn. See Tease.
;

provocaTo disturb to
little

Vex-A'tion,

VIGOR

466

which has passed the

branch of the government

another. 3. Performed or suffered

[tion.
in the place of another.
Vi-ca'ri-ous-ly, adv. By substituVlCE, n. [Lat. vitium.] 1. A defect;
a fault. 2. A moral fault especially,
immoral conduct or habit.
Crime sin iniquity fault
Syn.
;

wickedness.

another in any struggle

who conquers in war.

Vfe'TOR-INE

esp.

one

[tippet.

(-een'), n.

lady's fur

Vl-TO'RI-o0s, a. [Lat. victoriosus.]

1. Having conquered or overcome aa
enemy. 2. Producing conquest. 3.
Indicating victory.

See Crime.

Syn. Conquering; vanquishn.

3. An instrument consisting of two

jaws, closing by a screw, for holding
work.
[Lat. vice, in the place of.]
A prefix denoting one who acts in the
place of another, or who is second in
rank or authority.
[of.
VI' pE, prep. In the place of instead

umphant;

successful.

In a victoVl-TO'Rl-ous-LY, adv.
[ing victorious.,
rious manner,
Vie-TO'Rl-ous-NESS, n. State of beVl'TO-RY,n. [Lat. victoria.] Defeat
of an enemy in battle, or of an antag-

Act of vexing, or
state of being vexed.
2. Cause of
trouble. 3. A harassing by law a
onist in contest conquest triumph.
VIce'-ad'mi-ral, n.
(Navy.) The VICT'UAL ( vlt'l), V. t. [-ED, -ING or
vexing, as by a malicious suit.
second officer in command.
Syn. See Chagrin.
-LED, -ling, 137.] To supply with
VIce'-ad'mi-ral-ty, n. Office of a
provisions for subsistence.
VEX-a'TIOUS, a. 1. Causing vexation
vice-admiral.
n.

1.

or disquiet. 2. Distressing
ing. 3. Full of vexation.

Afflictive

Syn.

harass-

provoking

troub-

Quality of
n.
being vexatious, or of giving trouble

and disquiet.
Vex'ing-ly, adv.

So as to vex.
Vl'A, adv. [Lat., ablative of via, way.]
the

way

of.

[Fr. viable, fr. vie, life,

living.
n.
[Lat. via, a way, duc-

a.

Vi'a-dOct,

Capable of

tus, a leading.] A structure for carrying a railway across a valley or river.

Vl'AL, n. [See PHIAL.] A small bottle,
V.t. [-ED, -ING; or -LED, -LING.
To put into a vial or vials.
137.]
VI'AND, n. [L. Lat. vianda, vivanda,
vivenda, from Lat. vivere, to live.]
chiefly in the pi.
Food victuals
VT-AT'I, a. [Lat. vidtticus, from via,
a way.] Pertaining to a journey.
Vi-at'i-CUM, n. [Lat., fr. via, a way.]
1. Provisions for a journey.
2. The
communion given to dying persons.

Vl'BRATE,

v. i.
[-ed;-ing.] [Lat.
vibrare, -bratum.] 1. To move to and
fro, or from side to side.
2. To pro-

n.
n.

One acting
Office of

for

a vice-

deputed power.

Vice-Ge'rent

An

(89), n.

officer de-

puted to exercise the powers of another.

Having, or exercising,
a.

delegated power.

Vi^e'-pres'i-dent, n.
An officer
next inrank below a president.
Yice'-re'gal, a.
Pertaining to a
viceroy or vice-royalty.

VlCE'ROY,

[Fr. vice-roi, from Fr.

n.
Lat. vice, in the place of, and Fr.
A governor who
a king.]
rules as the king's substitute.
Vice-roy'al-ty, I n. Dignity, office,
Vkje'roy-siiip, j
or jurisdiction
of a viceroy.
Vic/i-nage, n.
[Lat. vicinus, neighboring, a neighbor, fr. virus, a row
of houses.] Places adjoining or near;

&

roi, roy,

neighborhood.
VIc'I-NAL, a. [Lat. vicinqlis.] Near.
Vl-C1N'I-TY, n.
[Lat. vicinitas.]
1.
Nearness proximity. 2. That which
is near, or not remote
near place.
Syn.
See Neighborhood.
;

(vlt'l-er), n.

visions.

con.>ul.

"VTce-ge'ren-CY,
gerent

Vex-a'tious-ness,

By

Vice'-con'sul,
the

So as to give

trouble or annoyance.

Lat. vita.]

VlCT'UAL-ER

An officer VIct'ual-ler who

n.

next in rank to a chancellor.

lesome; teasing.

Vex-a'tioOs-ly, adv.

Vl'A-BLE,

VlCE'-CHAN'CEL-LOR,

1.

furnishes

One

pro-

One who keeps a house

2.

of entertainment.

VlcT'UALg

(vit'lz). n. pi [L.Lat.v/ctwdia, from Lat. victual is, belonging

to nourishment, fr. vivere, victum,

Food for human beings, pre-

to live.]

pared for eating provisions.

[Lat.]
v. imper.
See.
VI-DEL'l-pET, adv.
[Lat., contr.
fr. v id ere licet, i. e., it is easy to see,
one may see.]
To wit namely;
;

Vi'DE.

abbreviated, viz.
Vie,?;, i. [vied vying, 141.] [A.-S.
;

wigian, tviggan, to contend, fight.]

To strive for superiority to contend.
View(vu), v. t. [-ED -ING.] [From
the n.] 1. To look at with attention
to inspect to explore. 2. To survey
;

intellectually; to consider.
n. [Fr.
vue , fr. veoir, voir, to see.] 1. Act of

seeing
3.

survey.

2.

Mental survey.

Reach of the sight power of seeThat which is seen or beheld.

A sketch. 6. That which is kept
;

ing. 4.
5.

in sight, as object, or intention.

One who views.
n.
(vu'les), a.
Not to be
viewed invisible.
VlG'IL, n. [Lat. vigilia ; vigil, awake,
watchful.] 1. Sleeplessness watch.
2. Watching for religious exercises.

Viewer (viVor),
Viewless
;

duce a vibratory effect. 3. To pass Vl'CIOUS (vish'us), a. [Lat. vitiosus,

1. Characterized
fr. vitium, vice.]
from one state to another.
v. t.
3. Evening before any feast, or a reby vice or defects. 2. Addicted to
1. To brandish
to swing.
2. To
principles
corrupt
in
or conligious service then performed.
vice
measure by moving to and fro.
State or quality of
duct. 3. Not genuine or pure. 4. Vig'i-lance n.
Yi'bra-tile a. Adapted to, or used
vigilant
forbearance of sleep.
well
tamed
or
broken.
being
Not
in, vibratory motion.
In a
Syn. Watchfulness; caution; guard.
Vi-bra'tion, n. Act of vibrating, or vTcious-LY (vish'us-), adv.
vicious manner.
VlG'I-LANT, a. [Lat. vigilans, watchstate of being vibrated quick moVi'cioDs-ness (vish'us-), n. State or
ing.] Attentive to discover and avoid
tion to and fro
oscillation.
;

Vl'BRA-TO-RY

1. Consisting
(50), a.
2. Causing to vibrate.

in vibration.
Vic'ar, n. [See

Vicarious.] Incum-

bent of an appropriated benefice.

VIc'ar-age, n. 1. Benefice c a vicar.
2. Residence of a vicar.
VI-CA'RI-AL, a. Pertaining tc
vicar

delegated

VI-A'RI-ATE,
power, as a

a.

Having delegated

quality of being vicious.

danger, or to provide for safety.

Syn.
Corruptness; wickedness; immorality; profligacy; unruliness.

Vi-cis'si-tude
tudo

change

vicis,
;

(53), n.

[Lat. vicissi~

change.]

alternation.

Regular
Mutation,

1.

2.

human affairs.
Victim, n. [Lat. victima, a

Wakeful

beast of

A living being sacrificed.

watchful

circum-

In a

vigilant

manner

watchfully.

Vignette

(vin-yeV or vTn'yet), n.
from vigne, a vine.] 1.
consisting of
leaves and tendrils, used in Gothic
2. A small wood-cut
architecture.
or engraving, not inclosed within a
[Fr. vignette

as in

sacrifice.] 1.

Syn.
spect.

ViG'l-LANT-LY, adv.

A running ornament

vicar.
Office or
n.
2.
A person or thing destroyed in the
oversight of a vicar.
pursuit of an object. 3. A dupe
a
Vl-A'RI-ous, a. [Lat. vicarius, from
gull.
definite border.
vicis, change, turn, office of one per- Vl'TIM-IZE, V. t.
[-ED -ING.] Tc VIg'OR, n. [Lat.] 1. Active strength of
son as assumed by another ]
1.
make a victim of. [ Colloq.]
body or mind intellectual force. 2.
Pertaining to a vicar deputed dele- VICTOR, n. [Lat., fr. vincere, to conStrength or force in animal or vegegated.
2. Acting or suffering for
quer.] One who gets the better of
efficacy.
table nature. 3. Energy
;

A, E,

I,

O, U,

Y long;

jLl 1i i i i

6 3 U,

, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL, TERM} PIQUE, FIRM S6N,
;

VIGOROUS
a.

VIn'ai-grette',

Exhibiting

vinaigre, vinegar.]

VlG'OR-OUS,

1. Possessing vigor.
strength, either of
powerful.
VlG'OR-OUS-LY, adv.
In a vigorous
[ing vigorous.
manner.
VlG'OR-OUS-NESS, n.
Quality ot'beVlLE,a.
[-ER -est.] [Lat. vilis.]
1. Low
despicable. 2. Morally base
or impure.
VlLE'LY (1u9), ailc. 1. Basely mean-

2.

body or mind

VIRILITY

467

small box, or

of union a tie.
"VlN-DE'MI-AL, a. [Lat. vindemialis,
Pertaining
fr. vindtmia, a vintage.]
;

[vindicated.

to a vintage.

2. In a cowardly manner.
ly.
Vile'ness, n.
Quality of being vile.
VlL'l-FPER, n. One who vilifies.

from

[Fr.,

n.

bottle, for aromatic vinegar, or smell'

[querable.
ing-salts.
VlN'CI-BLE, a. [Lat. vincibilis.] ConVijy-e'u-LUM, n. ; pi. riNe'u-zA.
bond
[Lat., fr. vincire, to bind.]

Vin'di-a-ble
VlN'DI-ATE,V.

2. Inor state of being violated.

fringement transgression. 3. Contemptuous treatment of
sacred
things. 4. Ravishment rape.
Yi'O-LA'TOR, n. One who violates.
Vl'o-LEN^E, n. [Lat. violentia.] 1
Highly excited action, whether physical or moral. 2. Injury done to thai
which is entitled to respect. 3. Ravishment rape.
Syn.
Vehemence outrage violation infraction; infringement.
;

Capable of being
Vi'o-lent, a. 1. Moving or acting
t. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.
excited by
with physical strength
vindicate, -catum.]
1. To prove to
VIl'i-fy, v. t. [-ED -ing. 142.] [Lat.
strong feeling or passion. 2. Combe just or valid.
2. To support or
vilificare ; vilis, vile, and facere, to
mitting outrage.
maintain as true, against denial, cenmake.]
To attempt to degrade by
sure, or objections. 3. To maintain
furious impetuous ;
Syn. Fierce
slander.
passionate; severe; extreme; unnatural.
Syn. To debase; defame; revile;
by overthrowing enemies.
abuse traduce; vituperate.
Vi'o-lent-LY, adv.
In a violent
Syn. To assert; defend; justify.
Vil'lA (147), n.
A country[Lat.]
manner.
seat or
residence, usually of
a Vin'di-ca'tion, n. Act of vindicat- Vl'o-LET,n. [Lat. viola.] 1. A plant
ing, or state of being vindicated
wealthy person.
and flower of many species. 2. One
claim defense.
[From Lat. villa.] A
Vil'LAGe, rc.
of the seven primary colors of the
small inhabited place
an assem- VIn'di-ca'tI've, a. Tending to vindisolar spectrum.
a. Dark blue, in[cates.
cate,
blage of houses, less than a town or
clining to red.
Vin'di-ca/tor, n.
One who vindi- VPo-lin', n.
city.
tSp. See Viol.] (Mus.)
Syn. Hamlet; town city. In Eng- VlN'Dl-A-TO-RY (50), a. 1. Tending
An instrument with four strings,
2. Inflicting punishto vindicate.
land, a hamlet denotes a collection of
played with a bow a fiddle.
houses too small to have a parish church.
ment avenging.
A village has a church, hut no market. VlN-Dle'TlVE, a. [Lat. v indicia, re- VPO-LiN'IST, n. A player on a violin.
Vl'OL-lST, n. A player on the viol.
A town has both a market and a church
Giveu to re- VFO-LON-CEL'LrsT, n.
venge, punishment.]
or churches. A city is, in the legal seni.e,
One who
venge revengeful.
an incorporated borough town, which is,
plays on the violoncello.
,

a.

or has been, the place of a bishop's see.

It is hardly necessary to say, that the last
three words have a different acceptation
in the United States.

Vil'la-ger,

An

n.

inhabitant of a

village.

Vil'lain,

n. [0. Fr.

L. Lat. villanus,

a village, Lat a farm.] 1.

tenant of the lowest class
a bondman. 2. A vile, wicked person a deliberate scoundrel.

fr. villa,

A feudal

Vil'LAIN-ous

(156), a.

1.

Suited

to,

Vi'l'LAN-ous
or like, a villain. 2.
Proceeding from extreme depravity.

VlN-Bl'TlVE-LY, adv. Revengefully. Viv o-LON-CEL'LO (-chel'lo

Revengeful
Vin-DI'tive-NESS, n.
n. [It., dim. of violone, a

or-sel'lo),
bass-viol.]

temper.

A bass-viol of four strings.

Vine, n. [Lat. vinea, a vine.] 1. The Violone (ve'o-lo'na), n. [It.] The
2. A
plant that produces grapes.
largest instrument of the bass-viol
climbing or trailing plant.

VIne'-dress'er,

One who

n.

kind.
culti-

vates vines.
Vin'e-gar, n. [Fr. vinaigre, fr. vin,
wine, and aigre, sour.] An acid liquor obtained from wine, cider, beer,
and the like, by acetous fermenta-

[vines.

tion,

Vl'PER,

[Lat. vi-

n.

1. One of a
family of poisonous
snakes. 2. A malignant person.
VI'PER-INE, a. Pertaining to a viper,
or to vipers.

pera.]

Viper,

VlN'ER-Y, n.
A structure for rearing
meau mischievous.
[of a viper.
VIl'lain-ous ly, mlv. In a vil- VlNE'YARD (vin'yard), n. A planta- Vi'per-ous, a. Having the qualities
tion of vines producing grapes.
Vil'lan-oOs-ly, lainous manner.
Vl-RA'GO, n. ; pi. VI-RA/GOES. [Lat.
VlL'LAIN-Y (156), n.
1.
Extreme VT'nous, a. [Lat. vinosus.] Having
virago, fr. vir, a man.] 1. A female
the qualities of, or relating to, wine.
Vjl'lan-y
depravity
atrocious
warrior. 2. A bold, impudent, tur[From vine.]
1.
wickedness. 2. A deed of deep de- VlNT'AGE (45), n.
bulentwoman a termagant.
3.

Sorry

Produce, in grapes or in wine, of the

vine for the season.
2. Time of
gathering grapes.
[vintage.
servile tenure of
Vint'a-ger,
who
gathers the
n.
One
lands.
[Usually written villenage.]
VlNT'NER, n. [0. Eng. vintener, Lat.
Vil'lan-oDs, a. See VILLAINOUS.
pravity.

Vil'lan aGe,

n.
State of a villain

[See

Villain.]

VlR'E-LAY, n. [Fr. virelai, fr. virer, to

turn, and lai, a lay.] An ancient
French song, wholly in two rhymes.
virescens,
Vi-RES'CENT, a.
[Lat.
growing green.]
Slightly green

vinitor.]
One who deals in wine.
Vil'lan-y, n. See Villainy.
greenish.
VlL-LAT'ie, a. [Lat. villaticus, from VlN'Y, a. Belonging to, or abounding VIR'GIN (18),

Pertaining
villa a country-house.]
to a village.
[Lat. villus, shaggy
VlL'LI, n. pi.
hair.]
tions.

1.

Minute papillary

eleva-

2. Fine hairs.
v"IL-LOSE' (125), a. [Lat. villosus.]
I

VlL'LOUS,

1.

nappy.

2.

velvety.
VIm'I-nal, a.
[Lat; vimen, a pliant
Pertaining to, consisting of,
twig.]
or producing, twigs.
[Lat. vimineus.]
VI-min'e-ous, a
Made of, or producing, twigs.
[Lat. vinaceus, fr.
Vr-NA'CEOUS, a.
vinum, wine.] Belonging to wine or

grapes

fr.

Vl'OL, n.

[It. viola, L. Lat. vitula.]

stringed musical instrument.

An

Vl'O-LA,

n.
bling the violin.

instrument resem[violated.

Vi'o-la-ble, a.
Capable of beiug
Abounding or Vi'o-la'ceous, a. [Lat. violaceus.]

covered with fine hairs

Downy

in, vines.

Jtesembling violets in color.

[-ED -ING.]
V. t.

Vl'O-LATE,

[Lat.

violare, -latum, fr. vis, force.] 1. To

treat in a violent manner. 2. To do
violence to, as to any thing that

should be respected.
rape on to outrage.

3.

n. [Lat. virgo, virginis,

vivere, to be green.] A woman

who has

preserved her chastity; a

a. 1. Chaste; pure; unMaidenly modest.
Vir-GIn'i-ty, n. State of a virgin;

maiden.
dented.

2.

maidenhood.

Vir'go, n. [Lat., a virgin.] A sign

and constellation of the zodiac.
VI-rId'i-ty,

n.

injure; disturb; interrupt;

infringe; transgress; profane; debauch.

OR, do, wpLF,TO~O,T00iS.j URN, rue, pull; e,i, o,

Act of violating

silent; c, G, soft;

Vl-RIL'I-TY, or Vl-RIL'I-TY

Manhood manly character.

;

1.

viriditas\

culine.

Syn. To

Vl'o-LA'TION, n.

[Lat.

Vir'id-ness,
Greenness verdure.
Vl'RlLE, or VlR'lLE, a. [Lat. virilis,
from vir, a man.] 1. Pertaining to
To commit
a man, or to the mate sex. 2. Masn.

1.

2.

Power

Nosng;

this.

of procreation.

,G,hard; Ag; exist;

VIRTU
VlR-TU',

[It.

art or antiquity.

VlRT'U-AL,

a. [L. L&t.virtvalis, from

Lat. virtus, strength, power.] Being
in essence or effect, not in fact.

VIrt'u-al-LY, adv.

VIVIFICAL

468

virtu, virtue. See

Virtue.] 1.
love of the fine arts
a taste for curiosities. 2. Objects of
n.

In

efficacy or

instrument for griping and holding VY'TI-ATE (vish'T-at, 95), v. t. [-ED;

things, closed by a screw.
-ING.]
[Lat. vitiare, -alum, from
vitium, a fault, vice.] 1. To make
Vise (ve'za'), n. [Fr. vise, from Lat.
visus, seen.]
An indorsement made
vicious or imperfect. 2. To cause to
fail of effect, wholly or in part
by police officers of certain European
countries, on a passport, denoting
Syn. To corrupt; deprave defile;
pollute; taint; contaminate.
that it has been examined, and that
the person who bears it is permitted VPti-A'tion (vish'T-a'shun), n. Act
;

to proceed.

effectonly.

VlRT'UE

(18), n. [Lat. virtus, strength,

courage, virtue, fr. vir, a man.] 1.
efficacy.
quality
strength
Active
uprightness. 3.
2. Moral excellence
Female_chastity virginity purity.

VISE (ve-za'), v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To

examine and indorse, as a passport.

VIr/tu-o'so, n. ; ^Eng. pi. yiR TUo'sos It. pi. VIR'TU-O'SI.] [It.]

to see.]
1. Perceivable by the eye.
conspicuous.
2. Noticeable
Vis'I -BEE-NESS, n. Visibility.
VIs'I-BLY, adv. Noticeably; clearly.

One

skilled in the fine arts, in antiquities, curiosities, &c.

TiRT'u-oDs, a. Possessing or exhib[manner.
iting virtue.

YIrt'u-ous-ly, adv. In a virtuous

Virt'u-ous-ness, n. State or character of being virtuous.
) n. 1. Quality of being
V'lR'u -lence
VlR'U-LEN-CY,
virulent
injurious
poisonousncss. 2. Extreme
activity
bitterness or malignity.
Malignancy acrimony ranSyn
,

venom;

cor;

spite.

VlR'y-EENT,a!. [Lat. vindentus.] 1.

Extremely poisonous or venomous.
2. Very bitrer in enmity.
Svn. Malignant: venomous; poisonous; rancorous; bitter; spiteful.

Vir'u-lent-ly, adv.

a. [Lat. visibilis, fr. videre,

Yls'ION (vlzh'un),

n.

[Lat. visio,

fr.

videre, to see.]
1. Act or faculty of
seeing; sight. 2. An object of sight.

In a virulent

[Lat., a slimy liquid, poi-

1. Contagious or poisonous
matter, as of specific ulcers, &c. 2.
Spirit, aim or drift, of any thing in-

son.]

jurious.

Vis/age

[L. Lat. visagium,

(45), n.
Lat. visits, a seeing, a look.] Face,
countenance, or look of a person.
Vls-A-^ris (viz'a-ve'), n. [Fr., face to
face.] 1. One who is face to face with
fr.

another. 2. A carriage in which two

persons sit face to face.
V1's'ce-rA, n. pi. [Lat.] The contents
of the abdomen bowels
Vis'cer-al, a. Pertaining to the viscera, or entrails.
VlS'CER-ATE, V. t. [-ED; -TNG.] To
deprive of the viscera to embowel.

being vicious corrupt state.

VlT'RE-otJS, a. [Lat. vitreus, from vttrum, glass.] 1. Pertaining to, derived from, or consisting of, glass. 2.
Resembling glass.
;

VlT'RE-ous-NESS.

n. State or quality

of being vitreous.

[glass.

V'I-tres'CENT, a. Tending to become

VJ't / ri-fa'tion, n. Act, process, or
operation of vitrifying.

An apparition; a phantom. 4. Vit'RI-fi'a-ble, a. Capable of beSomething imaginary.

ing vitrified.
Vis'ion-a-ry (vizh'un-), a. 1. Affected Vit'ri-form, a. [Lat. vitrum, glass,
by phantoms given to reverie. 2.
and forma, form.] Having the form
3.

Existing in imagination only.

Syn.
Fanciful
fantastic
unreal.

or appearance of glass.
VIT'RI-FY, V. t.
[-ED; -ING,

See Fanciful.

[Lat. vitrum, glass,

One whose imagination is

disturbed.
2. One who forms im-

make.]

n.

1.

practicable schemes.
Vis/it, v. t. [-ed; -ING.]

go to

{tare, fr. visere, to

[Lat. via-

see, to visit.]

To go or come to see; to attend.

2. To inspect
to. examine.
3. To
appear before or judge.
To
v. i.
keep up the interchange of civilities
and salutations. -n. 1. Act r>f go;

fusion.

[N. Lat. vitriolum, fr.

Lat. vitrum, glass from its translucency.] A soluble sulphate of any
one of the_ metals.
VlT'RI-C-LATE,f. t. [-ED; -ING.]
To convert into a vitriol.
VitVri-ol'ic, a.
Pertaining to, or
;

obtained from,

vitriol.

ing to see a person. 2. Official or

formal inspection examination.
VIs'it-a-ble, a. Liable or subject to
be visited or inspected.

Vit'ri-ol-ize,
ViT'U-LINE, a.

Vis'it-ant, n. One who visits.

Vis/IT-A'TION, n. 1. Act of visiting,

VI-tu'per-ate,

or the state of being visited. 2. Communication of divine favor and goodness, or, more usually, of divine
wrath and vengeance.

who

142.]

and facere, to
To convert into glass by
v. i.
To become glass.

Vit'ri-ol, n.

1.

manner.
VI'rus, n.

Vis/I-BIL'I-TY, n. State or quality of

being visible.

Yis/I-BLE,

of vitiating, or state of being vitiated; corruption; invalidation.

(vTsh'I-), n. Quality of

VPti-6s'i-ty

v.

rare,

-ratum

To

t.

vitriolate.
; vit-

[Lat. vitulinus

Pertaining to a calf,

ulus, a calf.]
or to veal.

v.

[Lat.

t.

vitupe-

vilivm, a fault, and

parare, to prepare.]
To
with abuse to censure.

overwhelm

Yi-tu'per-a'tion,
vere censure

Abuse

n.

se-

blame.

Yi-TtJ'PER-A TlvE.a. Abusive.

Vi^it-o'ri-al, a. Belonging to a ju- Vi-va'cious, n. (Lat. vivax, vivacis,
Sprightly in
from vivere, to live.]
dicial visitor or superintendent.
Vis'OR, or Vl'gOR, n. [From Lat. vitemper or conduct.
Syn. Active gay merry.
dere, to see.] 1. Part of a helmet, perforated for seeing through. 2. A mask Vl-VA'ciofis-NESS, n. SprightlinesB
VlS'^lD, a. [Lat. viscidus, fr. viscum,
of temper or
used to disguise. 3. The forepiece of Vi-VAC'i-ty,
)
the mistletoe, bird-lime (made from
behavior.
a cap.
Syn. See Liveliness.
mistletoe-berries).] Sticking
adher- VIs'ta (147), n. [It., sight, view.] A
[Lat. vivarium,
ing glutinous.
view between intervening objects, as Vl-vI'RI-UM, ) n.
Yls-cio'l-TY, n.
fr. vivus, alive.] A
1. Glutinousness
trees
hence, the trees or other Vl'VA-RY,
J
stickiness.
2. That which is viscid.
place for keeping or raising living
things that form an avenue.
VlS-eos'l-TY, n. [L. Lat. viscositas.] YIs'U-AL (vizh'yj-al), a. [L. Lat. visuanimals.
Quality of being viscous viscidity.
[Lat. vividus, fr. vivere,
alis, fr. Lat. visus, a seeing, sight.] ViV'lD, a.
VlS'-eouNT (vi'kount), n. [O.JFr. vis1. Exhibiting the appearto live.]
Relating to sight used in sight.
comte, vicomte, L. Lat. vicecomes, Vl'TAL, a. [Lat. vitalis, fr. vita, life]
ance of life or freshness animated.
fr. Lat. vice, and comes, a compan2. Forming brilliant images, or paint1. Relating to life.
2. Contributing
ion, L. Lat., a count.] A nobleman
ing in lively colors.
or necessary to life. 3. Containing life.
next in rank below an earl also, his
4. Being that on which life depends.
Syn. Clear bright strong striking; lively quick; active.
title.
[Eng.]
5. Very necessary.
Syn. Essential; immediate; absolute. Viv'ID-ey, adv. In a vivid manner.
Vis'OUNT-ess (vl'kount-), n. The
1. Life; sprightlilady of a viscount a peeress of the Vi-tal'i-ty, n. State or quality of Viv'ID-NESS, n.
Strength of coloring
fourth order.
2.
ness.
being vital principle of life.
VTs'-eous, a. [Lat. viscosus, fr. viscum, Vi'tal-ly, adv. 1. So as to give life.
brightness.
\a. [Lat. vivificus ; vibird-lime.] Adhesive
Vi-viF'l,
sticky glu_2. Essentially.
tinous.
Vi'tals, n. pi. Parts of animal bodies Vl-VIF'I-AL, j vus, alive, and facere,
Vise, n. [Fr. vis, a screw, vise.] An
Giving life reviving.
essential to life.
to make.]
Vis'lT-OR, n. One

visits.

I, E,

I,

0,tJ, Y,long; A,

,1,6, V,, short

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

TERM

PIQUE, FIRM;

S6lf,

-;

VIVIFICATION
YIVI fi-A'tion, n. Act of vivifying, or state of beiug vivified.
Viv'I-FI-e'A'TIVE, a. Able to vivify.
Viv'i-fy, v. t. [-ED -ing, 142.] [See
Vivificate.] To endue with life
to animate.
Vl-VlP'A-ROUS, a.
[Lat. viviparous,
;

fir.

and

parere, to bear,
Producing young in a

vivus, alive,

bring forth.]
living state.

[A.-S. Jixen, a she-fox.]

ill-tempered woman.
a.
Having the qualities
of a vixen.
w.

A cross,

PIx'EN-LY,

Y"iZ'IER(viz'yer),orYl-ZIER', n. [Ar.
wezir, wazir, prop, a bearer of burdens.]
A councilor of state iu Turkey and other oriental couutries.

Vo'A-BLE,i.

Yoice'less, a. Having no voice.

YOID, a. [0. Fr. void, vuid, fr. Lat.
;

[L. Lat. vocab-

ularium. See supra.]

1.
list or
collection of words arranged in alphabetical order and explained. 2.
Sum or stock of words employed.
Vo'AL, a. [Lat. vocalis, from vox,
voice.]
1.
Having a voiw. 2. Uttered or modulated by tne voice. 3.
Pertaining to a vowel or voice-sound.
Yo-AL'i, a. Consisting of the voice,
or vowel sounds.
Yo'AL-iST, n.
A singer, or vocal
musician.
[cal.
Vo-CAl/I-TY, n. Quality of being voYo/AL-I-ZA'TIOX, n. 1. Act of vocalizing.
2.
Formation of vocal

from

(voPte'zhur'), n. [Fr.,
light in-

voltiger, to vault.]

fantry soldier.

Voi/u-Bli/l-TY,

of being voluble.

vacancy.

ing

Vol'u-ble,

[Lat. volans.]

a.

Nimble

1.

Yol'ume
1.

roll

a book
is

Yoi/a-til'I-TY,

n.

in one cover. 3. Dimencompass. 4. Power or quan-

tity _of voice or tone.

VO-lu'MI-noDs,

evaporate.
2. Great sprightlir>ess
mutability.
Syn.
Lightness ; giddiness ; liveliness. See Levity.

or

a.

Consisting of

1.

many

coils or complications. 2. Consisting of many volumes or books.

3. Having written much.

Yol/un-ta-ri-ly, adv. In a volun-

Act or

n.

fr.

or scroll. [Obs.] 2. Hence,

esp., so much of a work as

bound up

sions

Disposition to exhale
1.

Voe/a-tii/i-za'tion,

[Lat. volumen, lit.

volvere, to roll.]

(53), n.

a thing rolled up,

passing into the aeriform state. 2.

Lively
gay
hence, fickle apt to
;

vol-

ner.

change.

Voi/a-tile-ness,

Fly-

1.

active.
Y6l/A-TIL,E, a.
[Lat. volalilis ; volar e, to fly.]
1. Capable of easily
2.

[Lat. volubilis

a.

volutum, to roll, turn round.]

Easily rolling or turning apt to
roll.
2. Of rapid speech
fluent.
V6i/u-BLYr adv. In a voluble manvere,

[voids.

current.

State or quality

n.

tary

process ofvolatiliziug.

manner

spontaneously.

Y6L'A-TIL-IZE,r.. [-ED; -ING.] To Y61/UN-TA-RY (44), a. [Lat. voluntarius, from voluntas, will, choice.]
render volatile to cause to exhale.
1. Proceeding from the will.
2. Of
YOL,-AN'ie, a. 1.
j

pounds.

Pertaining to vol-

care, to call.]
1. Call; summons;
esp., designation to a particular state

or profession.

Destined or appro-

2.

employment.

Syn. Calling

Vo'A-TIVE

trade

destination.

a.
[Lat. vocativus, fr.
vocare, to call.] Relating to, or used
in, calling or address.
n. The case
in which a word is put when the person or thing is addressed.
YO-^IF'ER-ATE, V. i. [-ED; -ING.]
[Lat. vociferare, -ratum ; vox, vocis,
voice, and ferre, to bear.] To cry
out with vehemence.
v. t.
To ut,

ter with a loud voice.

Yo-CIF'ER-A'TION,

n.

[cry.

violent out-

Exclamation; clamor; bawling.

Vo-cif'er-oqs, a.
outcry clamorous
:

Yogue

Making a loud
noisy.
[From O.
:

(vog), n.
H. Ger.
wogon, to move.] Temporary mode
or custom
popular reception.
Voice, n. [Lat. vox, vocis.] 1. Sound
uttered by the mouth
utterance.
;

Distinctive character or quality

of tone. 3. Language expression.
Opinion or choice expressed.
5.
A particular form of a verb or mode
2.

4.

or,

Voltigeur

VO'AL-IZE, V. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1.

canoes. 2. Produced by, or affected
To form into voice. 2. To practice
by the heat of, a volcano.
singing on the vowel sounds.
YOL-A'NO, ft. : pi. VOL-A'NOES.
To'i'AL-LY, adv. With voice.
[It., fr. Lat. Vulcanus, Vulcan, the
^ 0-A'TlON, n. [Lat. vocatio, fr. vogod of fire.] A mountain from which

Syn

Electricity de-

n.

(44),

veloped "by the chemical action between metals and different liquids
galvanism.

emptiness.
1. To quit;
to leave. 2. To throw, emit, or send
out. 3. To render of no validity
[voided.
to annul.
Void'a-ble, a.
Capable of being
YOID'ANCE, n. 1. Act of emptying
ejection.
2. State of being void;

Yo'LANT,

Vo-AB'u-LA-RV,n.

Yol'ta-ism

n. An empty space;
v.t. [-ED; -ING.]

Yoid'er, n. One who, or that which,

YOID'NESS, n. State of being void.

priate

action.

a term

a name.

[Fr. volee, fr. vo-

widowed, deprived' of.] 1.

not occupied.
2. Destitute free.
3. Having no incumbent. 4. Having no legal or binding force. 5. Unsubstantial vain.
Syn.
Empty; devoid; wanting; unfurnished; unsupplied.
viduus,

Vacant

(148), n.

ter, to fly.]
1. A discharge of many
small arms at once. 2. A burst or
emissiou of many things at once.
[-ED; -ing.] To discharge
v.t.
with a volley.
v. i.
To be discharged in a volley.
VOL-TA'I, a. Pertaining to vo'uu,OT
to electricity developed by chemicai

[Lat. vocabulum, fr.

vox, vocis, a voice, word.]
word
:

Voi/LEY

[-ED;
v.t.
of inflecting verbs.
-ING.] To fit for producing the proper sounds
to regulate the tone of.

VTvi-sec'tion, n. [Lat. vivus, alive,

and seclio, a cutting.] Dissection
of an animal wbile alive.

VdCen,

VOMIT

469

lava, steam, sulphureous gases, &c,

are ejected.
VOLE,n. |jFr.,fr. voter, to steal, to
steal away, fr. Lat. involare, to fly
at, to seize.]
A deal at cards that

draws

all

the tricks.

VoLEE(\o'W),n.

flight.]

rapid flight of notes.

Vo-li'tion

(-lish'un), n.

Lat.

[L.

volitio, from Lat. volo, to will, be

willing.]
1. Act of willing; exercise of the will. 2. Power of willing.

Choice. Clioice

Syx.

volition, Latin.

is

Saxon, and

The former

is

the fa-

miliar, and the latter the scientific,

term for the same state of the will; viz.,
an "elective preference.'
we
have " made up our minds " to a thing,

When

i.

e.,

have a

settled state of choice rethat state is called an imma-

specting it,
nent volition ; when we put forth any
particular act of choice, that act is called
an emanant, or executive, or imperative,
volition. When an immanent, or settled
state of choice, is one which controls or
governs a series of actions, we call that
state a predominant volition; while we
give the name of subordinate volitions' to
those particular acts of choice which
carry into effect the object sought for
by the governing or " predominant volition."

I,

o, silent

Vol/un-TEER', n. One who serves of

his own free will.
a. Entering into

service of free will composed of volunteers.

v. t. [-ed -ing.] To offer
or bestow voluntarily.
v. i. To enter into any service of one's free will.
Yo-lupt'u-A-ry, n. [Lat. voluptuarius, from voluptas, pleasure.]
One
who makes his own bodily enjoyments his chief care.

Syn.

Sensualist;

epicure.

YO-LUPT'U-oiJS,

a.
[Lat. voluptuosus.] 1. Ministering to sensual gratification ; sensual.
2. Given to lux-

ury and sensual pleasure.

Yo-lupt'u-ous-ly, ado. In a voluptuous manner luxuriously.
Yo-lupt'u-oOs-ness, n.
State or
:

quality of being voluptuous.

Yo-LUTE',n.

[Lat. volvere, volutitm,

to roll.] A kind of spiral scroll, used
in the Ionic and Composite capitals.
Vom'IT, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [Lat.

vomere, vomitum.]
To eject the
contents of the stomach by tho
mouth to puke. v. t. 1. To throw
;

do.wqlf, too, TOOK Urn, rue, pull E,

;

[Fr.,

own accord spontaneous.

Done by design
intended. 4.
Subject to the will.
5. Endowed
with the power of willing. 6. Free;
gratuitous.
n.
A piece played by
a musician, often extern porarily, according to his fancy especially at the
opening of church service.
his or its

3.

c, G, soft; , G, hard;

A; EXIST

nosNG;

this.

VOMITION
up

to puke.
hollow place.
;

2.

n.

To
1.

from the stomach.

An

2.

Vo-MI'TION

(-mish/un),
power of vomiting.

Vom'I-tIve,

Vo-MPTO,

emetic.

Act or

n.

[emetic.

Causing to vomit

a.

WADE

470

from any
Matter ejected

eject

To sup- VtfL'AN-lTE,n. A hard black com.

pound of India rubber and sul-

maintain by affirmations.

3.

port to establish.
To declare; affirm;
Syx.

attest;

con-

firm; asseverate; aver; protest; assure.

v.

To bear witness

i.

testimony or

to give

full attestation.

phur.

VtJL'CAN-IZE.f. t. [-ED; -ING.] To

change the properties of, as India
rubber, by causing it to combine

with sulphur.
VOMIT.] The VOUCH-EE', n. One called into court
VOl'GAR, a. [Lat. vulgaris ; vulgus,
to make good a warranty of title.
Vouch'er, n. 1. One who gives witthe common people.] 1. Pertaining
V6m'I-TO-RY, a.
ness.
2. A paper, or document to
to the mass of people
An emetic. 2. A
emetic.
n.
1.
commoi
vouch the truth of accounts, or to
hence, in general use. 2. Relating
principal door of a large huilding, as
establish facts of any kind.
to the common people or to common
of an amphitheater.
life
plebeian. 3. Lacking refineVo-RA/cioDs, a. [Lat. vorax, voracis, Vouch'er (127), n. One who calls
in another to establish
ment rustic boorish offensive to
Greedy for Vouch'OR,
fr. vorare, to devour.]
[Sp. See

n.

worst form.
Procuring vomiting

yellow fever in

its

very hungry.
Syn. Ravenous; rapacious; greedy.
Vo-RA'CIOUS-LY, adv. Itavenously.
Vo-ra'cious-ness, n. Quality of
being voraVo-RAC'I-TY,
\
cious greediness of appetite.
Vo-RAG'l-NOUS,a. [Lat. voraginosus ;
vorago, abyss, gulf.] Full of gulfs.
eating

VOR'TEX,
Lat.

pi.

Eng. pi. VOR'TEX-ES

V0R'TI-pE^. [Lat. vortex,
n.

to turn.]
of any fluid

motion

whirling
a whirlpool. 2.
1.

fr. vorte.re,

whirlwind.

V6r'ti-cal,

Pertaining to, or
a.
a vortex in form or motion.

like,

VO'TA-RESS,

[See

a.

VOTARY,

n.]

female votary.

Vq'TA-RisT, n.
Vo'TA-RY, a.

votary.

[Lat. vovere, votus, to

vow, devote.]
Consecrated by, or
consequent on, a vow
devoted
promised.

n.

One devoted, or en-

gaged by a vow or promise.

n.
[Lat. votum, a vow, wish,
1. Wish
fr. vovere, votum, to vow.]

Vote,

or choice expressed in some received

way

suffrage.

2.

That by which

expressed in elections,
&c. 3. Expression of will by a mai.
[-ED
-ING.]
jority.
v.
To
express the mind, will, or preference.
v. t.
1.
To choose by suffrage
To enact, establish, or
to elect.
2.
grant, by a vote.
[titled to vote.
Vot'ER, n. One who votes, or is enpreference

is

Vo'TlVE, a. [Lat.
vow devoted.
Vo'tTve-ey, adv.
;

VOUCH,

v.

t.

Fr. voucher,
1.

To

call

votivvs.] Given by
[ner by vow.
In a votive man-

[-ED; -ING.]
fr.

on

[Norm.

Lat. vorare, to call.]

to witness. 2. To

his warranty of

good

title.

taste.

Syn. Ordinary mean; rustic.

[-ED; -ING.]
[From vouch, and safe, to vouch or
n.
The common people.
answer for safety.] 1. To permit to VuL'GAR-TgM, n. A vulgar phrase or
expression.
be done without danger. 2. To condescend to grant.
v. i.
To conde- Vul-gar'i-ty, n. State or quality

VOUCHSAFE',

V.

t.

scend

to deign.
[Lat. votum, fr. vovere, von.
tum. to vow.] 1.
solemn promise
to God, or to some deity. 2.
promise of fidelity, v. t.
'[-ED; -ING.]
;

VOW,

of being vulgar.

VUL'GAR-IZE, V. t. [-ED;-ING.] To
make vulgar.
Vul'gar-ly, adv. 1. In a vulgar
manner commonly. 2. Rudely
;

clownishly.
To give or consecrate by a solemn
VCl'gate (45),
promise. 2. To assert solemnly.
v. i.
usual, common
To make a vow, or solemn
1.

[Lat. vvlgatus,
so called from its

common

promise.

Vowel,

[Lat. voralis,
n.
vocis, a voice, sound.]
1.

from vox,

An

utter-

ance of the voice through a more

open position of the organs than that
with which a consonant is uttered.
2.
A letter representing such a
Pertaining to a vowel
sound.
a.

use in the Roman Catholic

An ancient Latin version
of the Scriptures.
a.
Pertaining
to the old Latin version of the

Church.]

Scriptures.

Vl.l/ner-a-bTl'1-ty,

n.

State

of

being vulnerable.

ViJL'NER-A-BLE, a. [Lat. vulnerabilis;

vulnerare. to wound.] Capable of
being wounded, or of being affected
voy;

vocal.

VOY'AGE

n.

(colloq. voij), n.

[Fr.

age, from Lat. viaticum, travelingmoney, provision for a journey.] A

passing by sea or water from one
place or country to another.
v. i.
[-ED -ING.] To take a voyage to
sail or pass by water.

Voyageur

[Fr.
(vwo'ya/zhfir'), n.
A traveler
fr. voyager, to travel.]
the Canadian name of a class of
men employed in transporting goods
to and from the remote stations at

the north-west.

injuriously.

VUL'NER-A-RY,
VUL'P'iNE,

VBl^can-i-za'tion,

n.

Art or pro-

cess of vulcanizing.

vulpes,

Relating to, or resembling,

fox.]

the fox

Useful in

[Lat. vulpinus

a.

VULT'URE

craftv.
(53),

[Lat. vu/tur.]

.
ra-

pacious bird allied

to the hawks and
the owls.

Vul-ca'NI-an, a. Pertaining to Vul- VfjLT'UR-INE,

can, or to works in iron or other VnLT'UR-ofts,
metal.

[Lat. vnlnerarivs,

a.

from vulnus, a wound.]

healing^ wounds.

n.

Per|
taining to, or resembling, the vulture ;
rapacious.

Vulture.

w.

(double ii), the twenty-third

letter of the alphabet, takes

form and name from the repetition of a V, this being the form of
ihe Roman capital letter which we
call U.
See Principles of Pronunciation, 100-103.
tVAB'BEE (wob/bl), V. 7. [-ED -ING.]
To move staggeringly from one side
its

to the other
said of a turning
body.
n.
A hobbling, unequal
motion, as of a wheel.

A f E.

I;

YfACK/E, n.
[Ger.
wacke, 0. H.
Ger. waggo, a kind of stone, flint,
pebble.]
basalt.

rock

nearly

to

allied

Wad'dle

Wad

&

(wod), n. [D.
Ger. watte, allied to A.-S. wxd, garment, clothing.]
little mass
esp. of some soft
material for stopping the charge of
powder in a gun.
v. t. [-DED;

terials used for wads.

2. Sheets or
carded cotton used for stuffing gar-

ments

-DfNG.] 1. To form into a wad, or into

wadding. 2. To crowd a wad into.
n.
1. A wad, or the ma-

Wad'ding,

O.V,Y, long; i,EjI, 6, U, Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

(wod'dl), v. i. [-ED; -ING.]

[A.-S. wadlian, to wander, fr. wadan,
to go.] To walk like a duck, or like
a very fat person.
Wade, v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
wadan, allied to Lat. vadere, to go.]

To walk through any substance

that yields to the feet, as water. 2.
To move or pass with difficulty.

1.

ERE, VEIL, TERM,* PIQUE, FTRM s6N,

;

WADER
v

To pass

t.

in

or through a liquid.

Wab'er,

(wod'y), n.
[Ar. wadi, a
Chanvalley, river,* river -chaunel.]

nel of a water-course, which

except in the rainy season.

is

Waffle.]

[See

n.

dry

A
A

1.

thin cake or leaf of hour, &c. 2.

thin leaf-like bread, used by the RoCatholics in the eucharist.
3.
A thin leaf of paste, used in sealing
letters, &c.
v. t. [-ED -ING.] To
seal with a wafer.
Waf'fle (woffl), n. [N. II. Ger.
waffel, L. Ger. & D. wafel.] A soft

man

indented cake baked in an ironuten

sil

on coals
(6i, i\

[-ed; -ing.]

t.

[Allied

To bear through to convey

through water or air.

To float; swim; fly.

Syn.
To pass in a buoyant mediv. i.
to waff.]

um

n.

to float.

made

signal

by moving something.

Waft'age, n

Conveyance through

[wafts.
a buoyant medium.
Waft'er, n. One who, or that which,
WXg, v. t. [-GED; -GING.] [A.-S.

wegan, wagian,

move,

carry,

to

wag.] To move one way and the

other w'th quick turns.
v. i. 1. To
move one way and the other. 2. To
be in action to move to stir.
n. A
ludicrous fellow a humorist a wit.
:

Wage.

v.

t.

[-ed; -ing]

icager, gagrr,

[0.

pledge
2.

to stake

To venture

to bet

to wager.

To carry on as a

3.

n. That for which one labors

stipulated

WA'GER,

pavment

for service.
[See supra.] 1. Some-

n.

thing deposited or hazarded, on the

event of a contest: a bet; a stake.
2.

That on which bets are

laid.

v.

[-ED; -ING.] To hazard on the

issue of a contest, %c.
to bet.
t.

Wa'GER-er,
Wa'Ges, >/.

who

wagers.
[Plural in termination,
but singular in signification. See
WAGE. ] A compensation given to a
hired person for his or her services.
Syn. Hire; stipend; salary; pay.
n.

WXg'ger-y, n.
Sarcasm in good
humor pleasantry.
WAG'GISH, a. 1. Roguish in merriment or good humor. 2. Done, made,
;

or laid in sport.

Syn. Sportive; merry; droll.

Wag'GISH-LY, adv. In sport.
Wag'gish-ness, n. State or quality
of being waggish.
v. t. or i.
[-ed: -ing.]
[Dim. of wag.] To reel or move from
side to side
to waddle.

"Wag'gle,

WAG'ON,

[A.-S. wagev, w'ctgn, allied to Skr. vah< Lat. vehere, to bear,

carry.] A four-wheeled carriage, used
for carrying persons or freight.
Wag'on-'aGe, n.
Money paid for
carriage in a wagon.

or, do,

or

wagon.
[From waive, wave.] 1.
n.
Goods found of which the owner is
not known. 2. That which comes
along, as it were, by chance.
WALL,*.*, [-ed; -ing.] [lcel. vtila,
to lament, Ir. waill.]
To lament;
to bewail; to grieve over.
v. i. To
express sorrow audibly

Wain,

n.

wolf, TobjTOOKj

fjRN,

to weep.
wsen,w'agn,ivagen.
1. A wagon.
2. A

[A.-S.

n.

Wagon.]

See

constellation.

Wain'sOT,

wagen-schot, a

[D.

ti.

A wooden lining of apart-

clapboard. J

ments, made in panels.

v. t. [-E D
-ing.] To line with boards or paneiwork.
WAIN'sOT-ING, n. 1. A covering
with boards in panel.
2. Material
used to wainscot a house, or the
wainscot as a whole.

Waist,

[A.-S. ivdstin, form, stature, Goth, vakstus, from vaksjan, to

\grow, to wax.] 1. Part of the hu-

n.

man body

immediately below the

2. Part of a ship between the
quarter-deck and forecastle.
Waist'BAND, n. The band or upper
part of breeches or drawers.
WAlST'LOTH, n. A covering of canvas or tarpauling for the hammocks,
stowed on the gangways, in the waist
of a ship.
WXlST'OAT (cnllnrj. wes'kut), n. A
short garment, without sleeves, worn
under the coat, covering the waist.
ribs.

Syn. See Ve;

promise,

pledge,

to

Fr.

engagement, fr. Goth, varli, A.-S.

wertd toe//, a pledge, promise.] 1. To

war.

One who conducts

n.

drives a

Wad'Y

Waft

WXg'ON-er,

One who, or that which, Waif,

n.

wades.

Wa'FER,

WALTZ

471

by walking

or cross

Wait,

t.

[-ED; -ing.] [0.

II. Ger.
keep, watch.]
To stay
in expectation to remain stationary
till the arrival of some person or
event.
to await.
v. t. To stay for
n. pi. Musicians who perform at
night or in the early morning.
Wait'er, n. 1. An attendant. 2. A
salver a server, &c.

v.

i.

iva/itcn, to

WAfT'ING-MAID,

Wait'jng-wot.i'an,

n.

A female
servant who

up claim

[-ed

t.

To

1.

to.

2.

-ing.]
[See
relinquish
to give
;

To throw away

to

reject.

Act of waiving.
Wake, v. i. [-ed -ing"] [A.-S.
wacan, ivacian.] 1. To watch; not
n.

to sleep.

To hold a night

revel.
to cease to sleep.
3. To awake
v.
t.
1. To rouse from sleep. 2. To put
3. To bring to
in motion or action.
2.

4 To watch with at
again.
n. 1. Act
night, as a dead body.
of waking.
2. State of forbearing
life

3.

The

sitting

up of persons

with a dead bodv? 4. Track left by

a vessel in the water.
Wake'ful, a. Indisposed to sleep
watchful.
;

Wake'ful-n::ss, n. Indisposition
want of sleep.
sleep

to

[-ed;
Wak'en, v.
Wake.] To wake to
i.

To

v.

t.

ridge or streak above the surface

of cioth, &c. 3. One of the strong
planks extending along a ship's sides.
v. t.
To mark with wales.
fVALK (wawk), v. i. [-ED; -ING.^
[A.-S. wealcan, to roll, turn, revolve.] 1. To advance by steps at a
slower or faster rate, but without
running. 2. To go on the feet for

exercise or amusement.
duct one's self.
v. t.

3.
1.

To conTo pass

through or upon. 2. To lead, drive,

or ride with a slow pace.
n. 1. Act
of walking. 2. Manner of wa"~ : ng
gait.
3. Place or distance walked
over. 4. A place in which animals
may graze. 5. Frequented track;
sphere. 6. Conduct
behavior.
Syx. Carriage; way; path; range.

WALK'ER(wawk'-),

Onewho walks.
(wawk'-), n.
A
hand in walking

n.

Walk'ing-staff
staff carried in the

a cane.

Wall,

n.
[A.-S., allied to Lat. vallum.] 1. A solid and permanent inclosing fence. 2. One of the upright
inclosing parts of a building or room.

3. pi. Fortifications in general.

v.
t.
[-ED; -ING.] To inclose, defend,
or fill with a wall, or with walls.
( woPlet), n.
[Fr. mallette,

WAL'LET

of mall?, a mail, a
trunk, fr. 0. H. Ger. malha, wallet,
Gr. juoAyo?, an ox-hide.]
1. A bag
or knapsack. 2. A pocket-book for
keeping money about the person.
Wall'-eye (wawl/I), n. 1. An eye
in which the iris is of a very light
gray color. 2. An eye in which the
white is very large and distorted.
WALL'-EYED, a. Having a wall-eve.
WALL'-FLOW'ER, n. An evergreen
plant, which grows in old walls, &cWall'-frutt, n. Fruit which, to be
ripened, must be planted against a
ma'ette, dim.

wall.
i. [-ED; -TNG.] [Formed
on A.-S. weallan, wellan, to boil or
bubble, Eng. to well.] To boil with
a continued bubbling.
v. t.
To
[Prov or
beat soundly
to flog.

1.

-ing.]
[See
cease to sleep.

To rouse from

sleep.

excite to action or motion.

rue, pull; E,

I,

o, silent; q,G,soft;

Colloq.]

Wal'low,

[-ed; -ing.] [0.

Eng. ivalwe, A.-S. wealnwian, allied

2.

v.

i.

1.
to Skr. valg, to move one's self.]
To roll one's self about, as in mire.
To live in filch or gross vice.
Wal'l6w-er, n. One who wallows.
[A.-S. wealhhnut, a
Wal'NUT, ii.
Welsh or foreign nut, from tvealh, a
foreigner, a Welshman, and hnut, rnut-tree, and its fruit.
nut.]

2.

WAL'RUS (woPrus), n.
[D.
wnlri/s, fr. the

root of u'hale,

and

ros,

horse.]

WAIV'ER,

sleep.

[A.-S. walu, a mark o>

n.
stripes, Goth, valus, a rod, staff.] 1.
Mark of a rod or whip on flesh. 2.

WAL'LOP,t\

attends'a lady.

Waive, v.
Wave.]

Wale,

An

aquatic mammal,
resembling the seal.

Waltz

Walrus.

(wawlts), n.

,&,hard; As; E^IST;

[Ger.

as

ng

walzer,
;

T-HIS.

WAMBLE

WARY

472

from walzen, to roll, revolve, dance.]

whirl.]
1. To sing in a vibratory
A dance performed by two persons
manner to trill. 2. To carol. 3.
with a whirling motion also, a piece
v. i.
1. To
To cause to quaver.
of music for this dance.
2. To
v. i.
be quavered or modulated.
[-ED;-ING.] To dance a waltz.
n.
sing in a trilliug manner.
A
Wam'ble (wom'bl), v. i. [-ED -ing.]
quavering modulation of the voice.
[Dan. vammel, squeamish, fastidi- War'bler, n.
One who, or that
[war.
which, warbles a songster.
ous.] To be disturbed with nausea.
Wam'PUM (wom'pum)?!. [Ind.,from War'-cry, h. A cry or signal used in
[-ed; -ing.]
wompi, white.] Small beads made Ward, v. t.
[A.-S.
weardian, to keep, allied to werian,
of shells, used by the North American
werigan, to defend.
Indians as money, and also wrought
See GUARD.]
into belts, &c, as an ornament.
1. To guard.
2. To defend; to pro;

wann, wan,
orig., worn out by toil, fr. winnan,
to labor.]
Having a pale or sickly
[A.-S.

hue.

WAND (wond),

n.

vandus.]

WAN'DER

[Icel.

small stick

(wonder),

vdndr, Goth.
a rod.
;

v.

[-ED

i.

-ING.] [A.-S. wandrian, wandorian

vendan, to change, to go,

to wend.] 1. To ramble here and
there. 2. To go away, or astray
to
stray to err. 3. To be delirious.
allied to

Syn. To roam; rove; range;

stroll.

Wan'der-er,

n.
One who wanders.
Wane,-u.?'. [-ed; -ing.] [X.-S.wanian, woman, fr. wan.
See WAN.]
1. To be diminished
to decrease.
2. To decline; to fail.
n.
1.
Decrease of the illuminated part of the
;

moon.

Decline

2.

Wan'ness

failure.

sallow, dead,
[pale hue.
a.
Somewhat wan of a
[Allied to wane.]
v. i.
1. To
be deficient or lacking. 2. Not to be
present. 3. To omit ; to neglect.
(109), n.

pale color; paleness.

Wan'nish,

WANT,

v.

[-ED

t.

-ING.]

To be with-

1.

to lack. 2. To have occasion

to need. 3. To wish for to desire.
4. To be lacking in respect of.

out
for

n.

1. Lack of what is needed

or desired. 2. Destitution; poverty.
3. A thing of which the loss is felt.

Syn. See Indigence.

Want'ING, p. a. 1. Absent;
cient.

2.

Wan'ton,

defi-

Deficient.
a. [W. gwantan, variable,

wanton.] 1. Moving or flying

loosely
hence, wandering in gayety
or sport. 2. Running to excess. 3.
fickle,

Luxuriant
overgrown.
4. Not
turned or formed with regularity. 5.
;

Licentious

n.

dissolute

lewd person.

unchaste.
v.

[-ED;

i.

tect.

To fend

3.

off;

to repel.

ly

n.

supra.]

for

AVARD'EN-RY,

ness

1.

Gentle heat.
2. A
S. Earnest-

enthusiasm.

Warn,

v. t. [ed; -ing.] [A.-S. war*

nian, allied to Eng. ware, wary.] 1.
To give previous notice to to admonish hence, to notify by author;

To caution.
WARN'ER,
n.
One who warns.
Wt arn'ing, n. 1. Caution against
ity.

2.

danger

admonition.

Previous

2.

notice.

Warp, v.

[-ed;-ing.] [A.-S. weor-

i.

pan, iverpan,

to throw, to cast.]

1.

To be twisted out of a straight direction, as a board.

2. To deviate
to
swerve.
v.t.
1. To twist out of
shape.
2. To pervert.
3. To tow
;

with a

line attached to buoys, to anor the like.

n.
1.
The
threads that run lengthwise in the
loom.
2. A towing-line.
3. State
of being warped or twisted.

Ward'jEIV-ship, diction of a warden.

Wa.wti'erji.
1. A keeper
a guard.
2. A truucheon or stall' of command.

chors,

WARD'ROBE,

n. 1. A portable closet
for wear' ng apparel. 2. Wearing apparel in jjeneral.
Ward'room, n.
room occupied as

n.

n.

In a w;rm manner.

adv.

state of excited interest.

Office or juris-

n.

covered pan
ignited coals.

Warmth,

a guardian.

warming a bed with

Warm'ly,

Guardian and

[See

keeper

i.

animated.

1.

Warden,

[-ed;-ing.]

t.

v.

WARM'ing-pan,

n.

Act of guarding. 2. One whose

business is to guard. 3. State of being under guard or guardianship
custody. 4. Means of guarding; defense; protection.
5. A defensive
motion or position in fencing. 6. A
person under the care of a guardian.
7. A certain division of a town or
city.
8. A division of a hospital. 9.
A ridge of metal in a lock.

1. To heat modTo make engaged or earn1. To become moderateheated.

2. To become ardent or

v.

est.

(won), a.

erately. 2.

WAN

;;

WAR'RANT

(wor'rant), v. t.
[-ED;
-ING.]
[0. Fr. ivarantir, garantir,
guarantir, to warrant, O. H. Ger.

ivercn.]
1. To make secure.
2. To
justify. 3. To declare with assurance.
4. To secure to; to assure.
n.
1.

[A.-S.
warn.] Article of merchandise esp.
in the plural, goods commodities.
'HOUSE, n.
storehouse for

That which warrants or authorizes

a commission. 2. A precept authorizing an officer to arrest an offender.
security.
3 Guaranty
4. That
which attests a voucher.
War'RANT-a-bee, a. Authorized;

a mess-room by the commissioned

officers of a war-vessel.
n. 1. Office of a keeper
guardianship. 2. State of being under a guardian pupilage.

Ward'ship,

WARE,f.

See

t.

WEAR. n.

Ware

goods.
deposit in a warehouse. 2. To place
in custom-house stores, to be kept
until duties are paid.
WAre'house-man (150), n. 1. One

keeps a warehouse. 2. One who

keeps a wholesale shop for woolen
goods. [Eng.]
Wares, n.pl. See Ware.

who

War'FARE,

n.

[War and

fare, to go,

Military service war

Contest struggle.
n.
horse used in
a charger.

to pass.]

1.

hostilities.

2.

War'-horse,
;

justifiable.

Ware'houe,t.j. [-ed;-ing.] l.To

war

W AR'RANT-A-BLE-NESS,
T

Quality

of being warrantable.
adv.

War'rant- a-blv,
War'ran-tee',

whom

Justifiably.
The person to

n.

land or other thing

is

war-

ranted.

War'rant-er,

n.

One who warrants,

or legally empowers.

[rants.

War'rant-or
War'ran-ty,

(127), n.
n.
1.

One who war-

covenant of

security a promise or stipulation

deed. 2. Warrant guarantee.
;

WAR'REN,

by

To warrant

t.

v.

to guaranty.

[From A.-S. warian,

n.

To rove and ramble with- Wa'ri-ly (4, 89), adv.

to beware, guard, defend.] An inIn a wary
to revel. 2. To sport
manner cautiously.
closed place for keeping rabbits,
Wa'ri-ness, n. Prudent care to forebeasts, fowls, or fish.
Wan'ton-ly, adv. In a wanton manWar'rior (wor'yur or wor'ri-ur), n.
see and guard against evil.
-ING.]

1.

out restraint

lasciviously.

ner; loosely; sportively.

Wan'ton-ness(109),

Quality of
n.
being wanton.
War, n. [0. Eng. & A.-S. we?re, from
0. H. Ger. werran, to confound,
mix.]
1. A state of opposition or
contest.
2. A contest between nations or states, carried on by force.
The profession of arms.
v. i.
[-RED -ring, 136.] 1. To contend.

3.

2.

To carry on

War'ble,

v.

t.

hostilities.

[-ED

wirbeln, to turn,

A. E,

I,

-ING.]

to warble

O, U, Y, long;

&

EA 6,

Syn.
Caution
watchfulness ; circumspection; foresight; care; vigilance.

War'like,

a.

1.

Fit for

war;

dis-

posed for war. 2. Relating to war.

Syn.
See Martial.
Warm, a. [-er;-est.] [A.-S. wearm,
Goth, varms, allied to Skr. gharma,
heat.]
1. Having moderate heat;
not cold.
2. Subject to heat.
3.
Not cool, indifferent, lukewarm, or

[Ger.

the like. 4. Vehement; excited.

Syn. Ardent; zealous; fervent; cor-

Eng.

dial; furious.

0",

Y, short ;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

[See

n.

A man

engaged in warf

[A.-S. weart.]

1.

A small,

hard excrescence on the skin. 2.

hardened protuberance on plants.
WART'Y, a. Having, or being of the
nature of,_warts.

War'-whoop
and whoop.]

(-hobp), n. [From war

shout uttered by In-

dians in war.

Wa'ry

(4, 89), a.

[From ware
See

WHAT

War.]

a soldier.

Wart,

ERE, Vj2IL a

[-er -est, 142.]

taking notice,
;

(obs.),

Aware.]
T.EP.2I;

Carefully watching

PIQUE, FIRM SON,

;

WAS
;

Wash,

[-ed -ma.] [A.-S. wasv. t.

can, wacsan.} 1. To scrub or cleanse
with water, &c. 2. To wet; hence,
to overflow or dash against.
3. To
overlay with a thin coat of metal.
v. i. To perform the act of ablution,
or of cleansing with water.
n.
1.

Act of washing.
2. Quantity of
clothes washed at once.
3. A piece
of ground washed by the sea or a
4. Waste liquor, food, &c,
river.
from a kitchen. 5. That with which
any thing is washed, smeared, tinted,
or coated, &c, upon the surface.
Wash'-ball, n. A ball of soap.
Wash'-board, ?i. 1. A board on

which clothes are rubbed

in being
washed.
2. A board skirting the
wall next to the floor mop -board.
;

(wosh'er),

One who

1.

re.

washes. 2. A ring of metal, leather,

or the like, used to relieve friction, or
secure tightness of joints.

Wash'er-wom'an

(150),

A wom-

re.

an who washes
WASH'IXG, n.

clothes for hire.

1. Act of one who
washes. 2. Clothes washed.
Wash'-leath'er (wosh'-), n. Split
sheep -skin dressed with oil.
Wash'y (wosh'y), a. 1. Watery;

damp.

Lacking substance

2.

WASP, n.

weak.

[A.-S. icdsp, ivaps, wesp, Lat.

vespa.] An insect capable of stinging

severely.
[fling affront.

Wasp'ish, a. Quick to resent a triWASP'ISH-LY, adv. Petulantly.

Wasp'ish-ness, n. State or quality
of being waspish

Was 'sail

irritability.

(wos'sil, 42), n.

be in health.]

iial,

1.

[A.-S. wesroistering

liquor composed of
wine or ale, sugar, roasted apples,
&c. 3. A song sung at a festive
gathering.
v. i.
To hold a festive
occasion to carouse.
Waste , v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
wislan, allied to Lat. vastare.] 1.
To devastate to desolate to destroy.
2. To impair gradually.
3.
To employ or expend prodigally.
festivity.

2.

Stis-. To squander; dissipate; lavish.

v.
dle.

To be diminished

i.

to dwin-

Devastated; stripped;
hence, uncultivated dreary dismal.
a.

1.

Lying unused valueless worthless.

n. 1. Act of wasting. 2. Uncultivated or wi'd country
desert.
3. Worthless remnant refuse.
Waste'-book, n
A book in which
rough first entries of business transactions are made.
2.

Wast'er,

Watch,

Waste'ful,
property.

a.
2.

&c,

Destructive

1.

to

Waste'ful-ly, adv.
Waste'ful-ness, n.
ing wasteful

thin

4. A division of the night. 5small timepiece for the pocket. 6.

Naut.) Time for watching, or being
(
on duty, usually 4 hours.
v. i.
-ED -ING-.] 1. To be or keep awake.
2. To be vigilant
to keep guard. 3.
To remain awake with any one as
nurse or attendant.
v. t. 1.
To
keep in view. 2. To tend to guard.
Watch'-dog, n. A dog kept to guard
premises or property.
Watch'er, n. One who watches,
especially with the sick at night.
Watch'ful, a. Careful to observe.
Syn. Vigilant; attentive cautious;

man.

Watcii'-house,

house in
placed. 2.
place for keeping persons Mho are
under temporary arrest a lock-up.
Watch'man (150), re. One set to
watch a sentinel a guard.
Watch'-tow'er, n.
tower on
which a sentinel is placed.
(-wQrd), n.
word
used as a signal by which a friend is

which a watch or guard

Wa'ter-man

Watch'-word

known from an enemy a pass-word.

WA'TER, re. [A.-S. water, Skr. uda,
;

the sea, und, to flow.] 1. The fl\uid

which descends from the clouds in
rain.
2. A body of water, standing.
or flowing. 3. One of various liquid
secretions, esp. urine.
4. Luster of
a diamond.
v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
1. To wet with water.
2. To supply
with water for drink. 3. To wet and
calendar, as cloth.
v. i.
1.
To
shed water. 2. To take in water.
Wa'ter-ART, n. A cart bearing
water for sprinkling streets.
WA'TER-CEM'ENT, or Wa'TER-OEment', re. A cement that hardens
under water.
Wa'ter-clos/et, n. A privy, often
with a contrivance for introducing a
st; earn of water to cleanse it.
.

Wa'ter-OL'or (-kul'ur), re. A color

ground with water and gum or size.
Wa'ter-gourse, n. 1. A stream of
water. 2. A channel or canal for
the conveyance of water.
WA'TER-efJRE, n. System of treating
diseases with water: hydropathv.

Wa'ter-fall,
cataract.

2.

cascade; a
female head-dress.

11.

1.

Wa'TER-GAUGE.

n.
An instrument
measuring or ascertaining the
depth or quantity of water.

for

horizontal line

A boatman

(150), n.

n.

A mark

1.

indi-

cating the height to which water has

risen.
2. A device wrought into paper during the manufacture.
Wa'ter mel'on, re. A plant, and
its pulpy, juicy fruit.
[water.

Wa'ter-mill, n. A mill moved by

Wa'ter-pot, n. A vessel for holding or conveying water.

Wa'ter-pow'er, n. A fall of water

which may be used to drive machinery

a source of power from

water.

Wa'TER-PROOF,

a. So firm and compact as not to admit water.

Wa'ter-ram,

A machine by

n.

means of which water

is raised by
of a larger stream

momentum

the

than the one which

raised.

is

WA'TER-ROT,

[-TED; -TING.]
V. t.
by steeping in water.
Wa'ter-shed, n. A range of high
land between two river-basins, and
discharging its waters into them from

To

rot

opposite directions.

WA'TER-SOAK,

V.

soak in water.

WA

[-ED; -ING.] To

t.

je -^s^:^^--~-^t^Bi^

T E R spout, n.
A phenome- JE-;
'

r W=jp^:^

the ifh^ -.
nature of a Jlji
of

noil

-*&'":."

>

~-

"t -J|

=-

whirlwind
usually ob- ^L
served over f
the sea.

WA

'

TE

TIGHT(-tTt),

Water-spout.

So tight
as not to admit water
Wa'ter - wheel,
Any wheel
n.
a.

for propelling

not leaky.

ma-

chinery or other
purposes, that is

made

to rotate

the direct
of water.

by

action

of being watery.

Wa'ter-ing-place, n. 1. A place
where water may be obtained, as for

prodigality.
n.
pipe for convey-

a ship. 2.
place to which people
resort for mineral water, or for bath
ing, &c.

and the

like.

wolf, too, 20<?; Orn, rue, pull E,

;

I,

o, silent

a ferryman.

n.

Wa'ier-mark,

is

formed

supposed to be drawn about a ship's

bottom at the surface of the water.
Wa'ter-loggjed, a. Rendered logiike, heavy, or clumsy in movement,
from beiug filled with water.

State or qual1.

level

fragrant, flowers.

Wa'ter-line,

Vigilantly.

re.

The

n.

by the surface of still water.

Wa'ter-LIL/y,?!. An aquatic plant,
with beautiful, and usually very

ity of being watchful.

State or qual-

n.

being waterish.

ity of

Wa'ter-lev'el,

observant; circumspect; wakeful.

WATCH'FUL-LY, adv.
Watch'ful-ness, n.

Resembling water,

a.

watery.

Wa'ter-ish-ness,

Lavishly.
Quality of be-

ing off waste water,

or, do,

WA'TER-Ish,

Expending property, Wa'ter-gru/el, n. A liquid food,

composed of water and meal boiled.
Wa'ter-1-ness, re. State or quality

without necessity or use.

Svx. Lavish; prodigal; extravagant.

Waste'-pipe,

n. One who wastes.

n. [A.-S. wdece. See WAKE.]

Forbearance of sleep. 2. One who

watches, or those who watch
a
guard. 3. Post or office of a watch1.

Wash'er

WATER-WHEEL

473

against deception, artifices, and danger prudent circumspect.

Was. Past tense of the verb To be.

U n dershot- wheel.

c, G, soft; , , hard;

AS J EISI

Breast-wheel.
;

as

NG

THIS.

iVATER-WORKS
WVTER-WORKS

(-wfirks^n.

WEATHER-BOARD

474
Hy- WAY,

pi.

n.

weg, from wegan,

[A.-S.

moving

to

tom to a deprivation of the breast.

2. To alienate, as the affections.
Wean'ling, n. One newly weaned

draulic machines; works by which

a supply of water is furnished for
useful or ornamental purposes.
Wa'ter-y, a. 1. Resembling water

move.]

thin <r transparent. 2. Abounding

in thin, insipid fluid. 3. Abounding
with, or consisting of, water.
Wat'TLE, n. [Allied to withe.] 1.
A twig or flexible rod hence, a hur2. The fleshy excrescence undle.
der the throa*, of a cock or turkey.
1. To bind
[-ED; -ing.]
v. t.
with twigs. 2. To interweave, as
twigs to plat.
Waul, f. i. [-ed -ins.] [Allied to
wail.] To cry as a cat.

Manner; method. 7. Habitual

fensive combat.
method of life or action. 8. pi. The Weap'on-less.o. Having no weapon.
timbers on which a ship is launched. WeAr (4), v. t.
[wore worn

WAVE,
gan,

n.
to

1.

move.]

An advancing

1.

passage.

2.

or path. 3. Distance interval. 4. Course, or direction of motion.

Means; scheme; device.
5.
;

Syn.

Way

highway; road.

n.

of passengers

list

in a public vehicle, or of the bag-

gage or goods transported by it.

2. Vibration propafrom particle to particle Way'fAr-ER, n. A traveler.
through a body or elastic medium. AVAY'FAR-ING,rt. Traveling; passing.
WAY'LAY, V. t. [-LAID; -LAYING.]
4. Undu3. Inequality of surface.
[From way and lay.] To lie in wait
lating streak of luster on watered
for, esp. with a view to seize, rob,
motion.
cloth.
5. An undulating
gated

Billow

Syn.

surge

breaker

ine-

or slay.

A mark

quality; unevenness.

Way'-mark,

[-ed; -ing.] 1. To move

a wave to undulate.
2. To
be moved, as a signal.
v. t.
1. To

Way'-sta'tion.

v.
like

i.

raise into inequalities.

To move

2.

one way and the other to brandish.

3. To beckon.
4. [Norm. Fr. weywe.r

0.

guever, guesver, to
wafian, to hesi-

Fr.

Of. A.-S.

To put

tate.]

off; to relinquish, as

a right or privilege.

n.

to guide in

traveling.
n. An intermediate
station on a railroad.
WAY'WARD, a. [A.-S. it'cTU-rirdlare,

wantonly

abandon.

waepen, waspun.]
offensive or de-

Street;

generic, denoting any line for passage

or conveyance; a hi(/hwaj/ is literally
one raised for the sake of* dryness and
convenience in traveling; a road is,
strictly, a way for horses and carriages;
a street is, etymologically, a paved way,
as early made in towns and cities; hence,
the word is distinctively applied to roads
or highways in compact settlements.
is

swell of water.

Weap'on, n. [A.-S.
An instrument of

6.

w&g, weg, from we- Way'-bill,

[A.-S.

Road

one's

wea, woe, evil.] Liking

froward perverse.

own way

WAY'WARD-LY,

adv.

AVay'ward-ness,

Perversely.

Quality ot be-

n.

[A.-S. werian,ivemn,
to carry to wear, as arms or clothes.]
,

To carry

upon the person

2. To have an appearTo consume, waste, or
diminish, by use.
4. To cause by
friction. 5. To affect by degrees. 6.
[Cf. Ware.]
To put on another
1.

or bear

to have on.

ance

of.

3.

tack, as a ship, by turning her

round, with the stern to the wind.

Syn. To waste:

v. ?'. 1. To suffer use; to bear the

consequences of use. 2. To be wasted
by slow degrees.
r\. 1. Act of wearing, or state of being worn. 2. The
thing worn style of dress.
Wear, n. [A.-S. wser, wr, an in-

closure, a fish-pond, fr. v.arav, warian, to defend, protect.] 1. A dam

in a river. 2. A fence of stakes or
twigs for catching fish.
WeAr'er, n. One who wears.

Wea'ri-ly

In a weary

adv.

(89),

manner.

Wea'ri-ness
weary or

(89), n.

tired
fatigue.
;

Wea'ri-some,

I.

bear: spend; veer.

strength

ing wayward.
We, pron. ; pi. of

WEARING.]

a.

State of being
exhaustion of

Causing weariness.

Syn. - Irksome tiresome tedious

Weak, a. [-er -est.] [A.-S. war,
Wave'less, a. Free from waves.
fatiguing; annoying; vexatious.
from tvican, to yield, totter.] 1.
Wave'let, n. A little wave ripple.
Wea'ri-s6me-LY,
adv. In a weariWanting physical strength. 2. Not
Wave'-of'fer-ing, n. An offering
;

in the Jewish services by waving the

object toward the 4 cardinal points.

WA'VER,r.?'. [-ED;-ing.]

[A.-S.

ua-

Jian, to totter, hesitate. Cf. Wave,

V. t.] 1. To play or move to and fro.
2. To be unsettled in opinion.

Syn. To fluctuate

reel

vacillate.

Fluctuate.
Wa'VER-ER,)!. One who wavers.
See

WAV'Y,

Rising in waves.
Playing to and fro undulating.
a.

1.

2.

WAX,

n.
[A.-S. weax, wax.]
1. A
fatty substance, produced by bees.
thick secretion in the ear. 3.
2.
composition for sealing letters,

&c. 4. A composition used by shoemakers for rubbing their thread.

[-ed; -ed, or -en; -ing.]
v.t.
v.
To smear or rub with wax.
1. To increase in
[A.-S. wcaxan.]
2. To pass from one
size
to grow.
?'.

state to another.

WXx'-can'dle,

n.

candle

made

of wax.
(w&kst/), n. A thread
pointed with a bristle and covered
with shoemaker's wax, used in sewing leather.
WAx'.EN, a. Made of, or resembling,

WXX22D'-END

wax.

wax

(-wurk), n.

which, weakens.

Weax'ling, n. A weak
WEAK'LY, adv. Feebly

creature.
;

with

little

strength.
a. [-ER -EST, 142.] Not
sjrong of constitution infirm.
Weak'ness, n. 1. State or quality
want of physical
of being weak
strength. 2. Want of intellectual,
moral, logical, or physical strength.
Feebleness: debility; languor;
Syn.
;

WAx'y,

a.

sive

soft

Resembling wax;
;

hence, yielding

wax,

imbecility; frailty; faintness.

Weal, n.
Well.]

[A.-S. icela,

xvsela.

A sound, healthy,
prosperous state prosperity.

See
or

AVE ALT H,

[0.

H. Ger. welitha,
Large posses-

WEAL.]

money, goods, or land.

sions of

Syn.

n.

See

riches.

Riches

Wealth'1-ly,

opulence.
Richly.
Sta*^ of being

affluence

adv.

WE A lth'i-ness,

n.

ness

a.

WEAN.r.

rich.

t. [-ed;-ing.] [A.-. weniax,io accustom, wean.], I. To accus-

1,1, 0,U, Y,long; i,"a,I 3 6,rj, Y, Short;

Tiresome-

n.

tediousness.

WeA'ry

-EST, 142.]
[A.-S. wcrig.] 1. Having the strength
exhausted by toil. 2- Causing weari[-ER;

(89), a.

ness.

Syn.

some

v.

Tired
irksome

fatigued; jaded
wearisome.

;
;

tire-

[-ed; -ing, 142.] 1. To re2. To make

duce the strength of.
impatient by continuance. 3. To harass by any thing irksome.
t.

Syn. To

jade tire
See Jade.

dispirit.

Wea'sand,

fatigue

fag

The

[A.-S. wsesend.]

n.

windpipe.

Wea'sel,

n. [A.-

S. we.sle.]

A small

quadruped, remarkable for its

slender form and
Weasel.

it> agility

WEATil'ER,n.

[A.-S. weder, allied to

Skr. w&, to blow.] The atmosphere

with respect to its state as regards
heat or cold, wetness or dryness,
v. t.
clearness or cloudiness, &c.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To expose to the

2 To sail
To endure

air.

[-ER; -est, 142.]

Having great wealth opulent af-

fluent

adhe-

some manner.

Wea'ri-some-ness,

Work made Wealth'y,

especially, figures of
in imitation of real beings.

Avealthy.

Wax'-work
of

possessing, or manifesting, intellectual,

logical,
moral, or political
strength, vigor, or the like.
Feeble; infirm; frail; soft;
Syn.
small; unwise; foolish; inconclusive.
WEAK'UN, r. (. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
make weak; to enfeeble. 2. To reduce in strength or spirit.
Weak'N-er, n. He who, or that

3.

to the windward of.

to resist.
Worn by
a.

WEATH'ER-BEAT'EN,

exposure to the weather.

Weath'er-board,
of a ship which

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VEIL,

is

n.

USBM PIQUE
J

1.

That

side

toward the wind.

,

j'tRM

SON

WEATHER-BOUND

WELSH

475

A board extending

from the ridge

to the eave3, and forming a close
junction between the shingling of a

mourning
garb.
[-ED; -ING.]
1. To
v. t.
free from noxious plants. 2. To take

roof and the side of the building bev. t. To nail boards upon
neath.
so as to lap one over another, in order to exclude rain or snow.

away, as noxious plants.

Weed'v, a. [-ER -est, 142] Relat-

2.

Weath'er-bound,

Delayed by

a.

bad weather.

Weath'er-gock,

n.

A vane;

1.

often in the figure of a cock. 2. A

fickle, inconstant person.
WEATfi'ER-GAGE, n. Position of a
ship, to the windward of another
hence, a position of advantage.

Weath'er-glass,
to indicate

An instrument

changes of weather.

Weat-h'er-mold'ing,

Weath'er-mould'ING,

doors or windows, to throw off the

Weath'er-wjse,

a. Skillful in foreseeing the state of the weather.

[wove woven, or
v. t.
;

WOVE WEAVING.]

[A.-S. wefnn,
Skr. toap.] 1. To unite, as threads,
so as to form a texture, or by close
;

connection or intermixture. 2. To
form, as cloth,
by interlacing
threads hence, to form into a fabric.
Weav'er, n. One who weaves.
\V*ea'ZN, a. [Cf. WlZEiN.] Thin
sharp pinched.
WEB, n. [A.-S. wehb. See WEAVE.]
;

1.

That which

A cobweb.

3.

is

woven texture.
film on the eye.
;

Membrane uniting

the toes of

2.

4.

many

water-fowl.

Web'bed,

Having the toes united

by a membrane.
Web'BING, h. A strong narrow fabric
of hemp, for suspenders, straps, &c.
a.

(150), n. A foot the toes

of which are connected by a membrane. _

WEB'-FOOT

Web'-FOOT'ed,

Having webbed

a.

Wed,

[-ded -DING.] [A.-S.

v. t.
weddian, to promise, to marry.] 1.
To marry. 2. To join in marriage.
3. To connect indissolubly or strongly.
v. i. To contract matrimony.
Wed'ded, a. Pertaining to wedlock
;

or marriage.

Wed'ding,
festivities

Nuptial ceremony or
n.
marriage nuptials.
;

Wedge, n. [A.-S. wecg, ivacg.]

A piece of metal, or other
hard material, sloping to a
thin edge at one end, for
[-ED
splitting, &c.
v. t.
-ING.]
1.
To drive as a
wedge is driven. 2. To fast- Wedge.
en with a wedge, or with wedges.

Wed'lock,

n. [A.-S.

wedlar, a pledge,

wedd, a pledge, and lac, an

Marriage matrimony.

ing.]

offer-

Wednes'day

(wenz'dy), n.
[From
Woden, or Odin, the highest god of
the Germans and Scandinavians.]
Fourth day of the week.
WEED, . 1. [A.-S. wedd, wiod.] Any
useless or troublesome plant. 2. [A.S.

wxd

ing to, or consisting of, or full of,

weeds.
Week, n. [A.-S. weoce, wice.] A pe[but Sunday.
riod of seven days.
Week'-day, n. Any day of the week
WEEK'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to a week,
or to week-days. 2. Happening, or
n. A publicadone, once a week.
tion issued once in a week.
adv.
Once a week.
Ween, v. i. [A.-S. ivcnan, wsenan.]
To think to imagine.

Weep,

v.

[wept; weeping.]

i.

[A.-S. lucpan. Cf. WHOOP.] 1. To

shed tears to cry. 2. To lament. 3.
To run in drops. 4. To drip to be
very wet. 5. To droop.
v. t. 1. To
lament to bewail. 2. To shed, as
tears, or as if tears.
Weep'er, n. Onewho weeps.
Weep'ing-wil/low, n. A species
of willow with very long, slender,
;

Goth, vidan, to bind.]

garment. 3. An article of dress
H

fr.

and drooping branches.

Wee'v/L,

[A.-S. wifel, wibil,

n.

al-

to ivefan, to weave.]
A small
destructive insect of the beetle tribe.
Weft, n. [A.-S., fr. wefan, to weave.]
The woof of cloth.
Weigh (wa), r. t. [-ed;-ING.] [A.-S.
wegan, to bear, move, weigh, allied
to Lat. vehrre, to carry, Skr. ra" ]
1. To raise, so that it hangs in the
air.
2. To ascertain the weight of.
lied

cuma, a welcome guest, wilcume, interj. fr. wil, for wel, well, and cuman,
,

to come.] 1. Received with gladness.

Grateful pleasing. 3. Free to enjoy gratuitously.
n. Kind reception.
v. t.
[-ed; -ing.]
To salute
with kindness, as a new comer; to
entertain hospitably and cheerfully.
2.

Wel'OM-er,

One who welcomes.

)i.

&

Weld,

v. t. [-ed; -ing.]
[Ger.
D.
iveUen. Cf. Wield.] To press or beat
into permanent union, as two pieces
of iron when heated almost to fusion.
n.
Joint made by welding.
Wel'FARE, n. [From well and fare,
to go, to be in any state.]
Welldoing or well-being in any respect
enjoyment of the common blessings
of life.
Syn.
Prosperity; happiness.
Wel/kin, n. [A.-S. woken, welcn,
cloud, sky, Skr. valahaka, a cloud.]
The sky.
WELL, n. [A.-S., fr. tveallan, to boil.]
1. A spring; a fountain. 2. A source.
3. A cylindrical hole sunk into the
earth till it reaches water. 4. Any
inclosure similar to this. 5. An excavation in the earth in mining.
v. i.
[-ed;-ing.] To issue forth,
as water from the earth to spring.
adv. [A.-S. wela, wel.] 1. In a
good or proper manner. 2. Suitably abundantly
fully
adequate-

ly,

4.

Favorably

b.

Considerably.

BEST.]

Good

1.

cumstances.

2.

advantageously.
a. [BETTER;

in condition or cirBeing in health

not sick. 3. Being in favor.

To counterbalance. 4. To take by
weight. 5. To ponder in the mind.
Syx. Fortunate; convenient;
vantageous; happy.
2. To
v. i. 1. To have weight.
be considered as important. 3. To Well'a-day, interj. [Corrupted
A.-S. walawa, from wa, woe, lu,
bear heavily.
n.
A certain quanoh, and wa, woe.] Alas!
tity estimated by weight.
3.

Weigh'a-ble

Capable of

(wa'-), a.

being weighed.

WElGH'ER.(wa

feet.

ft.

grief;

A cornice over

n.

rain.

Weave,

worn in token of

Weight

importance. 4. A graduated standard of

heaviness. 5. Something heavy. 6.
A definite mass oi metal, used for ascertaining the weight of other bodies.
v. t. [-ed; -ING.] To load with
a weight or weights.
WEIGHT'I-LY (wat'-), adv. 1. Ponderously. 2. With force or impres3.

Pressure;

(wat'-), n. State or
quality of being weighty.
WlJIGHT'Y (wat'y), a. [-ER: -EST,
1.

Having weight

Important

heavy.
adapted to convince.

Syx. Ponderous;

forcible;

2.

momen-

Wear

1.
dam in
n.
[See
]
fence of stakes or twigs
a river. 2.
See
in a stream for taking fish.

Wear.
a. [A.-S.

wyrd,

fate, fortune.]

1. Skilled in witchcraft.

natural

unearthly.
Wei/6me (wel'kum), a.

6r,do,wqlf,too,took; Arn, rue, pvll

Born of a

a.

pros-

respect-

able family.

Well'-bred,

a. Polite; cultivated;

refined.

Well'-fa'vored,

Handsome;

a.

pleasing to the eye.

[tain.

Well'-head,
Well'-hole,

n.
spring or fouun. The open space in
the middle of a staircase, beyond thn

ends of the

stairs.

Well'-mAn'NERED,

a.

Polite-,

well-bred_.

Well'-mean'ing,

2.

Super-

Having a good

a.

i,

ed

kind

o,silent;

a.

Rightly intend-

friendly.

Well'-nigh

(-nT),

adv.

Almost

nearly.

WELL'-SPOK/.EN,a.
or kindly.

2.

Speaking well
Spoken with propriety.
n.

1.

fountain;?

source of continual supply.

Well'-sweep, h. A long pole bal
anced upon a post and used to raise
a bucket from a well.
WELL'- w'iSH'E R, n. One who wishes

another

well.

Welsh,

e,

Well'-meant,

Well'-sprTng,

tous; efficacious.

Weir,

Weird,

Well'-born,

intention.

siveness.

Weight'i-ness
142.]

Welfare;

n.

fr.

lo,

perity.

er),n. Onewho weighs.

(wat), n. [See Weigh.] 1.
Quality df being heavy gravity. 2.
Quantity of matter as estimated by
/

the balance.

Well'-be'ing,

ad-

[A.-S. wil-

c,g,

a.
Relating to Wales, or
inhabitants.
n. sing, or pi.

soft; -e,G,/iard;

as; e$istj

ij

m ng

its
1.

this

WELSH-RABBIT
sing. The language of Wales.
The natives of Wales.

Welsh'-rab'bit,.

[Corrupted fr.
Welsk rare-bit.] Cheese melted and
spread on toasted bread.
WELT, n. [Prob. from W. gwald, a
hem, a welt, fr. gwaliaw, to inclose.]
A kind cf hem or edging on a gar[-ED
ment or on a shoe.
v. t.
-ING.] To furnish with a welt.
WfiL'TER, l'. i. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
weltan, wdltan, to roll, to welter,
Icel. velta, Goth, valljan, valvjan.)
1. To wallow
to tumble about, esp.

in any thing

foul.

To

2.

rise

and

Wen,'m. [A.-S. xoenn.] A kind of

mor, without inflammation.

Wench,

tu-

n.

Wench'er,

n.
A lewd man.
-ing.] [A.-S. wenv. i. [-ed
dan, to turn, to go.] To go to pass.

Wend,

v.

I.

Wen'ny,

To

direct

to betake.

Having the nature of a

a.

wen.

Went,

Were

West'ER-LV,

Being toward or
in the west. 2. Moving from the
adv. Tending or going
westward.
toward the west.
a.

1.

West'ern,

a.
Situated in, or moving toward, the west.
West'ward, adv. Toward the west.
Fest'WARD-ey, adv. In a direction
toward the west.
Wet, a. [-ter; -test.] [A.-S. wset,
Containing water or
tveaht.]
1.
moisture. 2. Very damp; rainy.
n. 1. Water moisture in considerable degree. 2. Rainy or misty weath;

er.

v.t.

[WET; WETTING.] To

fill or moisten with water or other

[tratedram.
liquid.

WETK'ER,
moisture

[A.-S. wedher.]

n.

WET'NESS,

cas-

1. State of being wet

moist
humidity.
2.

n.

state of the atmosphere.

n. A nurse

Wet'-nurse,

who

a child not her own.

[-ed; -ing.] [From
v. t.
thwack.] To strike with a heavy or
resounding blow.
n.
A smart,
resounding blow.

hival.l

n.

[A.-S.
class

e,

i,

Whap'per.

n.
Something uncomlarge of the kind;
applied
especially to a bold lie.
(hworf), n. ; pi. properly
WHARFS, but
is
also
used. [A.-S. hwearf, iiwarf, fr. hvoeormound extending
fan, to turn.]
into the water, for landing goods a

o, u, v,long;

monly

Wharf

WHARVE

a pier.

AYharf'age,

Fee paid for the use

n.

Wharf'in-ger.

[From wharfing.]
Keeper or proprietor of a wharf.

What

n.

[A.-S. hwat, al-

(hwot), pron.

An

interrogative pronoun, used with reference to

lied to Lat. quid.]

1.

How

remarkable
how great
used exclamatively. 3. How;
used adverbially.
4. How strange a thing
used ininanimate objects.

2.

dependently. 5. A compound relative, equivalent to that which, or to

the
Whatever;
which.
6.
used indefinitely. 7. In part; partly.
What-EVer, pron. Being this or
that all that.
What'-not, n. [From the abbreviated phrase ivhat not, used at the
c^ise of an enumeration
hence,
substantively, a miscellany, a variety.]
A piece of furniture, having
shelves for books, ornaments, &c.
Wh^t'so-ev'er, a. AVhatever.
Wheal, n. [A.-S. hwcle, putrefac.

tion.

Cf.

Wheat,

Wale.]

n.

wale.
[A.-S. hwsete, allied to

hwlt, white.] A plant and its seed,

which furnishes a white flour for

Whale

Wheat'.en,

[A.-S. hwseten.]

a.

Made

of wheat.

Whee'DLE

tr,

wheel.

-ING.]
[Cf.
poor, to beg.]

words.

2.

Syx. To

Wheel,

-S.

[-ED;
wddlian, to be
v.

t.

1. To entice by
To gain by flattery.
flatter;

soft

on wheels.

ing on wheels.

man who makes

to

rotating disk or
2.

Any

v. i.
[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.
hweosan, to hiss, whiz ] To breathe

hard, and with an audible sound.

n.
[A.-S. hwylca, a varicose
vein, hylca, a bend.]
1. An inequality on the surface. 2. A stripe

Whelk,

or streak. 3. A mollusk having a

one-valved, spiral shell.
. r. [-ed ; -ing.] [Cf. A.-S.

Whelm,

for-welman, to overwhelm, to suffocate.]

1. To cover with water or
other fluid. 2. To immerse deeply
to overburden.
;

Whelp,

Wheel and

Axle,
used for punA, wheel; B,
criminals,
(c.)
ax e
circular frame having handles on the rim, used in steering a ship, (d.) (Pottery.) A wooden
disk revolving horizontally, on which
the clay is shaped.
3.
turn or
revolution; rotation.
v.t. [-ED;
-ING.]
1. To convey on wheels. 2.
To cause to revolve.
v. i.
1. To
revolve to rotate. 2. To go round
in a circuit.
Wheel'bar-row, n.
light car-

merly

y, short;

The

1.

young of the canine species, and of

beasts of prey a puppy a cub. 2.
A child. v. i. [-ED -ING.] To

bring forth young, as the female of

the canine species, &c.
When, adv. [A.-S. hwenne.] 1. At
what time
used interrogatively
or relatively. 2. While; whereas.
Whence, adv. [0. Eng. whennes.
ivhens, with the term, of a genitive.]

From what

place
from what or
source, origin, antecedent,
interrogatively or rela-

which
&c.

used

tively.

WHENCE'SO-EV'ER,
conj.
From what

relative adv. or
place, cause, or
source soever.
When-e /'er, relative adv. or conj.

At whatever

time.

When'so-ev'er,

adv.

relative

or

Whenever.

conj.

adv. [A.-S. hwar, hwdr.]

1.
At what place
in what situation
used interrogatively. 2. At
used relatively 3. To
which place
what or which place whither
(4),

used interrogatively and

See

relatively.

Whitheb.
)

adv.

1.

where;

About
near

what or which place used inter2. Conrogatively and relatively.

cerning which. [The word is often
:

used colloquially as a noun.]

1.
Considering
conj.
2. The case being in
that
since.
truth that.
Where-at', adv. At what.
Where-by', adv. By which by what.
WHERE'FORE, adv. [From where
and for.] 1. For which reason. 2.
For what reason; why.
1.
In which;
-in', adv.
;

(b.)

for-

hwelp.]

[A.-S.

n.

Where-as',

instrument having a
similar form; as, (a.)

A spinning-wheel,
An instrument

(hweel'rlt), n.

wheels.

Wheeze,

Where'a-bout',
Where'a-bouts',

coax; cajole.

n.

circular frame.

Paddle-box of steamers.
n.
1. Act of conveying
2. Convenience for pass-

Wheel'wright

Syx.

[A.-S. hiveol, allied

Goth, valvjan, to roll.]

1.

2.

Wheel'ing,

(hwe'dl),

'

a,j S, 6,

riage, with one wheel, rolled by a

single person.
Wheel'-house, n. 1. A small house
on deck, containing the steering-

WHERE

of Mammals, and
family of Cetaceans.
I,

A man em-

n.

(150),

ployed in the whale-fishery.

n.
A ship or a person employed in the whale-fishery.

Whal'er,

A marine

animal of the

firm, elastic sub-

ishing

suckles

Whack,

Whale,

stance taken from the upper jaw of

the right whale.

Whale'man

Wend ; now used as

the preterit of Go.
Wept, imp. & p. p. of Weep.
(wer, 57), imp. ind. pi. & imp.
subj. sing. & pi. of Be.
WERST, n. See VERST.
WEST,n. [A.-S.] 1. Point or quarter where the sun sets.
2. A region
toward the sunsetting.
a.
1. Situated in the direction of the setting
sun relating to the west. 2. Coining from the west.
adv. To or at
the westward.
imp. of

n.

of a wharf.

[Cf. A.-S. wencle, a maid,

a daughter.] 1. A low, vicious young
woman a strumpet. 2. A negress.
To
[Amer.]
[-ED ; -ING.]
v.i.
frequent the company of women of
ill fame.

WHALE'BONE,

mole

as waves.

fall,

WHEREOF

476
2. pi.

care, far, ask, all,

what

Where

used relatively.

2.

In what ; used

interrogatively.

Where'in-to', adv.

1. Into which.
Into what.
(hwer-Sfl7 or hwer-ov'),
adv. 1. Of which;
used relatively.
2.

Where-of'

used indefinitely.
Of what
used interrogatively.
Of what

2.

3.

ere, veil, xEEJC; pique, firm; s6n,

and supporter of the

American Revolution. 3. One of a

as a cord, rope, &c, with other

cords. 4. To take or move by a sud-

WHEREON

WHISK

477

WHERE-ON'. adv. On which.

Where'so-ev'er, adv. Wherever.

2.

friend

WHERETO',

adv. 1. To which. 2.
political party in the United States
To what to what. end.
from about 1829 to 1853.
Where'up-on', adv.
Upon which Whig'ger-y, n. The principles of
Whig'gism,
a whig.
in consequence of which.
Wher-ev'er (146), adv. At what- Whig'gish, a. Pertaining to, or par;

bly.

n.

taking of the principles

Where-wi'th',
adv.

(99),

TThere-with' While,

or

With which;
With what

1.

relatively.

2.

used
used

interrogatively.

Where'Vitm-al',

Same

adv.

as

Wherewith!
Wher'ry,

long, narrow, shallow boat, sharp at

both ends for fast rowing or sailing.
t.
[-ted -ting, 136.] [A.1. To
S. hwettan, ft*, hwtit, sharp.]
rub in order to sharpen. 2. To stimulate.
3. To excite
to provoke.
n. 1. Act of sharpening by friction.

Whet, v.

2.

Something that stimulates the ap-

petite.

WHETH'ER,

pron. [A.-S. hwddher.]

Which of two. [Antiquated.'] conj.
Used to introduce the first of two
or more alternative clauses, the other
or others being connected by or, or
by or whether.
Whet'stone n. A stone for sharp-

ening edged instruments by

Whew,

n.

friction.

half-formed
astonishment,

or interj.
expressing

whistle,
scorn, or dislike.

Whey

[A.-S. hwseg.

(hwa), n.

Cf.

WHIG.]

The watery part of milk,

separated in making cheese.

WHEY'EY

(hwa'y), a. Partaking of,

or resembling, whey.
pron. [0. Eng. whilke, A.-S.
hwylic, hivylc, Goth, hveleiks, fr. hv,

WHICH,
to

whom, and

Though.
Both these words
Syn".
are used in comparing things or drawing parallels between them but though
also implies contrast, which while does
not. For instance, we may say, ' While
I admire his courage, I honor him for
his self-command;" and "Though I admire his courage, 1 detest his ferocity."
While might, indeed, be used in both
cases; but if we mean distinctly to imply a contrast, we must use though.
;

to ferry

[Allied

n.

During the time

2. In which case.

1.

as long as.

Space of

hwil.]

[A.-S.

n.

adv.

time.

that

whigs.

of,

leiks, like.]

1.

An

in-

terrogative pronoun, signifying who,

or what one of a number, sort, or the
like. 2.
relative, used for all objects
excepting persons. 3. A compound
relative, standing for that which,
those which, the
which, &c.

v.t.
[-ed; -ing.] To cause to
pass pleasantly to spend or pass.
adv. [A.-S. hwilum, hivilon.]
Formerly of old.
Whilst, adv. Same as While
Whim, n. [Tcel. hvini, a quick movement.] A fancy capricious notion.
Syn.
Freak.
A freak is literally a
sudden start or change of place, and
hence denotes some particular actwhich
;

WhI'LOM,

hasty or fanciful, perhaps humorous

or childish; a whim is dictated by caprice, and usually implies a state of
mind more or less permanent. The
young are apt to have their freaks, and
the old to indulge themselves in whims.

is

WHIM'PER,
cry with

v.

[-ED; -ING.] To
i.
low, whining, broken

Whim'ey, n. A whim a freak.

WHIM'S>AL, a. 1. Full of whims
;

having odd fancies.

curious odd.
Syn. Quaint

Singular

2.

freakish

fanciful; fantastical.

capricious;

See Quaint.
State or
quality of bej

si-al'I-ty, \n.

WHiM'si-eAL-NESS,
ing whimsical

In a whim-

manner.

air.

v.

puff out.

WhIf'FLE,

t.

2.

v.

[-ed; -ING.]
1. To
To convey by a puff.
i. [-ED
-ING.] [A.-S
;

wseflan, wsiflian, to babble, to whiffle.]

To waver or shake, as if moved
by gusts of wind to be fickle and
;

unsteady.

WhTf'fler, n. One who whiffles.

Whif'fle-tree, n.
The bar

to

fastened for draught.

WhIg,

n.

[From

tvhig,

whey, which

the Scottish Covenanters used to

drink, and hence a name given to
them or fr. Scot, whiggamore, one
who drives horses, contr. to whig.
In 1648, a party of these people
marched to Edinburgh to oppose the
king hence the name was given to
the party opposed to the court.] 1.
One of a political party in England.
,

6r, do,

tone of mean complaint.

WhIn'er, n. One who whines.
Whin'ny, v. i. [-ED -ING,
[From the root of whine.] To
the sound of a horse.
a horse; a. neigh.

Whin'-stone,
stone

keeps the hounds from wander-

Whip'ple-tree

tree.] The bar

n.

[Cf.

Whiffle

which the

to

n.

applied

n.

v.

utter

Cry of

Whip'-poor-will,

An American

n.

from its note.

A saw for dividing
commonly worked
lengthwise,
timber
by two persons.
bird, so called
n.

Whip's *w,

Whip'-staff
which

the

(149),

n.

rudder

is

A bar by
turned
a
;

tiller.

-ping.]

the thread.

E,

which

[-red -ring, 136.]

hweorfan, to turn.] To whirl

(18), v.

[A.-S.

nim-

i.

A buzzing
n.
round with noise.
sound produced by rapid or whirling
motion.
18), v.

t.

[-ED -ing.]
;

See supra.]
to whirl.
rapidly.
2. To

[Icel. hvirfla,

To turn round

remove quickly with a revolving mo1. To be turned round

tion.
v. i.

rapidly
hastily.

Any

to

n.

gyrate.

2.

To move

Rapid rotation.

1.

thing that

is

2.

turned with ve-

locity.

n. Any thing moved

with a whirl in order to strike hard.
n.
The knee-pan.
Whirl'I-GIG', n. [From whirl and

Whirl'-bXt,

Whirl'- bone,

child's

toy,

spun around

a wheel on an axis.
A vortex or gulf
n.
in which the water moves round in
a circle.

Whirl'pool,

rapid, sweeping motion. 2. A small

of grass, straw, or the like
hence, a brush or small besom. 3. A
[-ed -ing.]
v. t.
kind of tippet.
1. To sweep or agitate with a light,
rapid motion^ 2. To move with a
To
quick, sweeping motion.
v.i.
move nimbly and with velocity-

bunch

[-ped

t.

[A.-S.

n. [From whip.]
ble little fellow.
WhIp'-stock, n. The rod to
the lash of a whip is fastened.

Whirl' wind, n. A violent wind

moving in a circle round its axis.
Trap or greenby miners to any WhIsk, n. [0. H. Ger. wise] 1. A

hweopian.] 1. To strike or punish

with any thing lithe
to lash
to
flog.
2. To form into gathers by
overcasting a rolled edge and draw-

up

traces,

of a harness are fastened.

like

fied rock.

ing

who

gig.]

142.]

kind of dark-colored, hard, unstrati-

Whip,

WQLF,TO0 T0t>Es URN, RUE, pull

9

leguminous
Gorse
furze.
2.
plant, having yellow flowers.
WhIne,<-.i.
[-ed; -ing.]
[A.-S.
wanian, cwanian, to mourn, howl.]
To utter a plaintive, long-drawn cry ;
hence, to complain in a mean, unn.
nasal puerile
manly way.

which the traces of a carriage are

or driver of

ing.
2. One who enforces the discipline of a party.
diminuWhip'per-snap'PER, n.
tive, insignificant person. [Collou.]
Whip'ping-post, n.
post to which
offenders are tied to be whipped.

1.

\pron.
WHICH-Ev'ER,
Whether Whim'wham, n. [From whim by reWhich'so-ev'er, one or the other.
duplication.] A whim or whimsey.
Whiff, n. [Cf. Icel. veifa, to shake, Whin, n.
[W. chwyn, weeds.] 1.
whirl.]
A sudden expulsion of air
from the mouth
a quick puff of

A coachman,

Whirl (hwM,

whimsicalness.

Whim'si-AL-ly, adv.
sical

2.

carriage.
3 A small tackle with ?,
single rope, to hoist lignt bodies.
Wh1p'-6rd, n. A hard-twisted o:.'
braided cord for making lashes.
WhIp'graft, v. t. [-ed; -ing.] To
graft by cutting the scion and stock
in a sloping direction, so as to fit
each other, and by inserting a tongue
on the scion into a slit in the stock.
WhTp'per, n. 1. One who whips. 2.
One who raises coal with a tackle
from a ship's hold.
huntsman
Whip'per-Tn 7 n. 1.

WhIr

tion.

To move nim-

An instrument for
&c, or for correc

Whip'ster,

voice.

Whim

1.

driving horses,

ever place.

v.i.

den motion.

I,

o, silent

3.
:

To

overlay,

c,G,

soft;

,5,hard; Agj EglST; H as NG; this

WHISKER
WhIsk'ER,

Whist,
still.

certain game at cards

interj.
close attention.

requiring

Be

mute;

a. [Cf. IIist.] Silent;

n.

still

hush.

Whis'tle

[-ED;
(hwis'sl), v. t.
[A.-S. hwistlan, to whisper.]

-ING.]

WICKED

478

[Usually in the pi.] 1.

That part of the beard which grows
on the sides of the face. 2. The long,
projecting hairs at the sides of the
mouth of a cat, &c.
WH1SK/ER.ED, a. Having whiskers.
WhIs'ky,
n.
[Corrupted fr. usqueWhis'key, ) baugh.) A spirit distilled from barley, wheat, rye, or
maize.
Whis'per, v. i. [-ED -ING.] [A.-S.
1. To
hwisprian.
Cf. Whistle.]
utter words without sonant breath.
2. To make a low, sibilant sound.
v. t.
1. To utter in a low, and not
vocal, tone.
2.
To address iu a
1. A low, soft, sibiwhisper.
n.
lant voice. 2. A cautious or timorous speech.
Whis'per-er, n. One who whispers.
n.

WhITE'ness,

n. 1. State or quality
2. Paleness.
3.
of being white.
Purity cleanness.
WhItes, n. pi
disease of women.
White'-smith, n. 1. One who works
2.
worker in iron
in tinned iron.
who finishes or polishes the work.
White'wash, n.
wash or liquid
composition for whitening something, esp. the plaster of walls.
v.

Syn.

t..

To cover with
composition. 2. To

[-ED; -ING.]

1.

a white liquid
give a fair external appearance

WHlTE'WASH-ER,

to.

One who white-

n.

washes.

Whith'er,

adv.

[A.-S.

hwader,

complete

undivided

healthy; sound.
1. The entire thing. 2. A regular
combination of parts a e-ystein.
Syn. Totality; aggregate; gross.

n.

All

Whole'ness

State of being whole, entire, or sound.

(hoi'-), n. Sale of goods
by the piece or large quantity.
a,
1. Buying and selling by the quantity.
2. Pertaining to trade by the
quantity.
Whole's6me (hol'sum,20),a. [-ER;
-est.]
1.
Tending to promote
health. 2. Favorable to morals, religion, or prosperity.
(hoi'-), n.

Wholesale

To what place used

Syn. Salubrious sound salutary;
useful; kindly.
To what or which
place
used relatively. 3. To what Wh5le's6me-ly (hoP-), adv.
In
point or degree whereto.
a wholesome manner salubriously.
hwider.]

1.

interrogatively. 2.
;

Syn.
Where.
Whither is now, to a
great extent, obsolete, except in poetry,
or in compositions of a grave and serious
character. Where has taken its place, as
in the question, " Where are you going? "

WhTth'er-SO-EV'ER, adv. To what-

Whole'some-ness

(hol'sum-),

n.

Quality of being wholesome.

Whol'ly (hol'y, 20), adv. 1. Entirely
completely
perfectly.
2.
;

Totally.

Whom

Who.

(hobm), pron.

Objective of
(hobm'-), pron. Objective of Whosoever.
Whoop (hoop), v. i. [-ed -ing.] [A...
S. hwOpan, to cry out.]
To utter a
loud cry; to shout; to hoot.
n.
A shout of pursuit or cf war a

Whom'SO-EV'er

To utter a kind of musical sound,

ever place.
esp. by pressing the breath through Whit'ing, n.
1.

[From

white.]

I.

a small orifice formed by the lips. 2.

sea-fish, allied to the cod. 2. Pure
1. To form
To sound shrill.
ground ch.*ik.
v. t.
or modulate by whistling.
2. To WHIT'ISH, a.
Somewhat white.
send or call by a whistle.
n 1. A Whit'ish-ness, n. Quality of being
halloo.
sharp, shrill sound, made by forcing
whitish.
the breath through the compressed Whit'leath-er, n.
1.
Leather WHo"bP'lNG--eoUGH
(hcTop'inglips, or a similar sound in whatever
kawf), n. A convulsive cough, enddressed with alum, salt, &c. 2. A
ing with a sonorous inspiration or
way produced. 2. An instrument
tough, white ligament on the neck
whoop.
producing a sound like that deof quadrupeds.
scribed.
Whit'low, n. [From white and low, Whore (hor), n. [A.-S. hore.] A
Whis'tler (hiws'ler), n. One who
woman who practices unlawful sexflame, fire.] Au inflammation of the
whistles.
ual commerce with men, esp. one
fingers or toes, terminating usually
Whit (hwit), n. [A.-S. wiht, a creatwho does it for hire.
v. i.
[-ED
in suppuration.
See Wight.] Tbe Whit'sun-day WhwhVsn-),w.[From
-ING.] To have unlawful sexual
ure, a thing.
smallest part or particle imaginable
commerce.
WhIt'sun-TIDE
white and Sunused adverbially.
a bit a jot
day, or tide.] The seventh Sunday Whore'dom (hor'-), n. 1. Practice
White, a. [-er; -est.] [A.-S. hwit.]
after Easter
so called, because, in
of unlawful commerce with the other
1. Having the color of pure snow.
sex; lewdness. 2. (Script.) Idolatry.
the primitive church, newly baptized
2. Pale pallid. 3. Pure
clean free
persons appeared at church in white WHORL (hwurl or hworl), n. [Allied
from blemish. 4. Gray, as the effect
1.
An arrangement of
garments.
to whirl.]
of age.
fortunate
leaves or flowers, &c, around a
5. Innocent
Whit'tle, n. 1. [A.-S. hwitle, a little
happy; favorable;
knife.]
stem, in the same plane with each
A knife. 2. [A.-S. hwitel,
other. 2. A turn of the spire of a
a cloak. See White.] A grayish,
BQf* White lead, a carbonate of lead,
much used in painting, and for other
coarse blanket worn by west countryunivalve shell.

purposes. White swelling, a strumous

inflammation of the synovial membranes of the knee-joint;
applied also
to a lingering, chronic tumor, of almost
any kind. White wine, any wine of a
light,clear, transparent color, aa Madeira,

sherry, &c.

Syn. Snowy

pure

n.
1. The color of
strictly a composition
2. Something
colors.

unblemished.

pure snow;
of

all

the

having the

women, over the shoulders. [Eng.]

[-ed; -ING.] To pare the
v. t.
surface of with a small knife.
v.i.
To cut a piece of wood with a

Whort'le-ber'ry

knife.

Whose'so-E v'er (h6"oz

WHlz,

v.

Wheeze
hissing

[-zed;

i.

-ZING.]

and Hiss.]

sound, like a

ball

humming

Whoa (hwo),

interj.

White'-liVered,

Who-EV'er

(hob-), pron.

feeble

a.

Having a

cowardly.

White'-meat,

n. 1. Meats made of
milk, butter, cheese, eggs, &c. 2.
Young or delicate flesh, as poultry,
rabbits, &c.

Whit'en, v. t.
make or turn
i, E,

I,

or i. [-ED; -ING.] To
white to bleach.

5,u. V,long;

flying

air.
n. A hissing or
sound.
(hob), pron. sing, or pi.
[A.-S.
hwa, hwa.] What or which person
or persons
used relatively or in-

through the

Who

pale look

[Cf.

terrogatively.

See

Ho.

(hoi,

20),

(hwfirt'l-),

wyrt, herb, root.]

n.

A shrub,

small, round, edible berry;

the huckleberry.
/

-), pron.

Pos-

sessive of Whosoever.
(hob'-), pron.
Any
person whatever that.
adv. [A.-S. hwy, hw, hu, why,
instrumental form of hwa, hwtit,
who, what.] 1. For what cause,
reason , or purpose
used inter2. For which reason or
rogatively.
cause;
used relatively. 3. Reason
used as a
or cause for which
compound relative.
Wick, n. [A.-S. weoca, wecca.]

Why,

a.

[A.-S.

ask, all,

cotton cord, which draws up the oil,

melted tallow or wax, or other ma
terial used for illumination, to be

hal,

healthy, sound, whole.] 1. Containing the total amount or number. 2.

Not defective or imperfect. 3. Unimpaired uninjured. 4. Being in a
state of health and soundness.

X s ,l,6, 0, t, short; care, far,

its

Any one

without exception.

Wh5le

and

To make a Who'so-EV'er

color of snow. 3. One of the white

v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
race of men.
make white to whiten.
White'-bait, n. A very small, delicate fish of the herring kind.
;

[Cf. A.-S.

burned.

WIck/ed

WHAT; ERE,

[Prob. from A.-S.

(60), a.
wiccian, to bewitch, because crimes

VEIL,

lRM i PIQUE

FIRM; s6n,

;;
;

WICKEDLY
were attributed to witchcraft.] Evil
in principle or practice contrary to
the moral law addicted to vice.
Syn. Sinful criminal; immoral;
unholy; ungodly. See Iniquitous.
;

Wick'ed-ly, adv. In a wicked manner

viciously.

Wick'ed-ness,

n.
1. State or qual2.
wicked
ity of being wicked.
thing or act.

Made
[See WlTHY.]
of, or covered with, twigs or osiers.
n. A small twig or osier.
WlCK'ET, n. [0. Fr. wiket, guischet,
from A.-S. wic, recess, port.] 1. A
small gate or door, esp. when formgateing part of a larger one. 2.
like frame-work of rods, in playing
[wicks are made.
cricket.
Wick'ING, n.
Material of which
Wide, a. [-er;-est.] [A.-S. wid.]
1. Having a great extent every way
extensive spacious. 2. Having considerable distance between the sides
broad; not narrow. 3. Of a certain

WlCK'ER, a

measure between the

mote

sides.

Re-

4.

adv. To a distance.

distant.

WlDE'LY,

adv.

To a wide degree

1.

extensively.
2. Very much
far
to a great degree.
WlD'EN, v. t. or i. [-ED -ING.] To
make or grow wide or wider.
WIDE 'ness, n. Quality or state of
;

being wide

WlD'GEON

width.
[Fr, vingeon,
water-fowl of the duck
;

(wlj'un), n.

gingeon.]
group.

WId'OW,

breadth

widuwe

[A.-S.

Skr.

vidhava, fr. vi, without, and dhava,

husband.] A woman whose husband
[-ED; -1NG.] 1.
v. t.
is dead.
To bereave of a husband. 2. To

make desolate
Wid'6w-er, n.
is

to bereave.

A man

Wid'ow-hcTod,

Width

(108), n.

side

breadth.

Wield,

whose wife

[widow.
State of being a

dead.

n.

Extent from

t.

side to

to control.

Wife

1.

[A.-S. w\f.]

(149), n.

The law-

ful consort of a man.

State of a wife.
n.
or like a wife.

Wild-goose chase, the

mestic animals.
pursuit of something as unlikely to be
caught as a wild goose.
Syn.
Savage; desert; uncivilized;
ungoverned; inconstant; loose; irregu-

lar; disorderly.

n.

An

uninhabited and uncultivated region; a desert.

WlL'DER, V. t. [-ED;-ING.] [Eng.
wild.] To cause to lose the way to
;

bewilder.

Wil'der-ness,

n.

wide, barren plain

or a
a des-

forest

a waste

ert.

WTld'-fire,

composition of
inflammable materials, very hard to
[keeper.
quench.
n.

Wild'GRave,

tality

forest-

[being wild.
State or quality of

n.

Rudeness:

savageness

bru-

irregularity; alienation.

Wile,

head

In a wild condition

or manner.

WIld'ness,

n.

A wild crab-apple.

Wild'ing, n.
Wild'ly, adv.

[A.-S. wile.

n.

Guile.]

Cf.

trick or stratagem practiced for

insnaring or deception.
a.
See WILLFUL.
Wi'Ll-NESS, n. Guile; craft.
Will, n. [A.-S. willa, wille. See the
v.] 1. Power of choosing. 2. Choice

WIL'FUL.

which
decree

made a volition.
a command. 4. Strong

is
;

3.

wish.

That which

is strongly wished or
Legal declaration of a
person, as to how he would have his
property disposed of after his death
This verb has
v. t.
testament.
an irregular and a regular form. 1.
[Irregular, imp. WOULD.] (a.) To

5.

[-ed

-ing.] [A.-S.
wealdan, to rule.] 1. To use with full
command or power. 2. To employ
v.

a.
[-er -est.] [A.-S. wild.] WfLL'lNG-NESS, n. Quality of being
willing free choice.
Living in a state of nature not
tamed. 2. Growing or produced Wil'low, n. [A.-S. wilig.] 1. A tree
of many species. 2. A machine in
without culture. 3. Desert not inwhich cotton is opened and cleansed.
habited. 4. Ferocious rude. 5. Not
To open and cleanse, as
v. t.
submitted to restraint, training, or
cotton, by means of a willow.
regulation. 6. Exposed to the wind
and sea. 7. Indicating strong emo- Wil'low-y, a. 1. Abounding with
willows. 2. Pliant drooping.
tion or bewilderment.
A machine for opening,
Kl"~ Wild- is prefixed to the names of Wil'ly, n.
many plants, to distinguish them from
and cleansing wool, similar to the
such of the name as are cultivated.
willow used in cotton manufactures.
Wild cat, an animal of the cat family, Wilt,
[-ed -ing.] [A modif.
v. i.
stronger and fiercer than the domestic
of 0. Eng. welk, to fade, wither, fr.
cat, very destructive to the smaller do-

Wild,

Syn.

n.

WIND-GALL

479

desired.

6.

To

lose freshness
to droop. [Amer.]

A.-S. hwile, lean.]

and become flaccid

v.

To make

t.

flaccid, as

a green

plant.

WlL'Y,

[-ER; -EST, 142.]

mischievously artful.

a.

of wiles

Syn.
See

Full

Insidious; sly; crafty; subtle.

Cunning.

WIm'ble. n.
Gimlet.] A

[0.

D. wimpel.

v.

gimlet.

To bore or

-ING.]

See

[-ed

t.

pierce, as with a

wimble.

Wim'ple,

[M. H. Ger. wimpel, a

n.

covering laid in
Cf. Gimp.]
folds over the neck, chin, and sides
of the face, worn by women.
Win, v. t. [won; winning.] [A.-S.
winnan, to strive, fight, gain.] 1vail.

To gain in competition or contest.

To allure to kindness. 3. To gain
v. i. To
over to one's side or party.

2.

gain the victory.

Wince,

v.

[-ed; -ing.]

i.

[Cf. A.-S.

wincian, to bend one's self, to nod.]

1.
To shrink to flinch to start
back. 2. To kick or flounce.
;

WINCH

(66), n.

[A.-S. wince.]

crank-handle. 2.
by a crank -handle

Wind,

n.

[A.-S.

1.

An

axle turned
a windlass.

Lat. ventus, Skr.

1. Air in
wata, fr. w&, to blow.]
motion with any degree of velocity.
2. Breath modulated by the lungs and
vocal organs, or by an instrument.

4. Flatu3. Power of respiration.

5.
point of the compass ;
lence.
esp., one of the cardinal points.
[-ed; -ing.] 1. To winnow ;
v. t.
tc ventilate. 2. To perceive by the
scent.

wish to desire, (b.) As an auxiliary, Wind, v. t. [wound winding.] 1,

[From wind, pron. wind.] To sound
used to denote futurity dependent on
the subject of the verb. 2. [Regular.
by blowing. 2. [A.-S. windan.] To
WILLING.]
(a.)
To
orWILLED;
turn, esp. about something fixed
artificial
(b.)
dain
to decree,
To give by
to coil to twist. 3. To regulate to
head.
v.i.
1.
v.i. 1.
testament; to bequeath.
govern. 4. To insinuate.
Wight (wit), n. [ A.-S. wiht. wuht,
To exercise an act of volition. 2. To
To turn completely or repeatedly.
Cf. Aught.]
a creature, animal.
determine.
To
circular
direction.
2. To have a
3.
be disposed. 3.
used chiefly in
A being a person
WlLL'FUL (146), a. Governed by the
To meander.
irony or burlesque.
Wil'ful J will without yielding to Wind'age, n. Difference between the
n.
WlG'WAM,
diameter of the bore of a gun and
reason.
[Algonquin
Syn. Obstinate perverse stubborn.
that of the shot fired from it.
" his
wek,
Obstinately
WiND'BOUND, a.
Prevented from
Will'ful-ly, adv.
house; " with
stubbornly.
sailing by a contrary wind.
Wil'ful-LY,
possessive and
WIll'ful-ness, n. Quality of be- WlND'ER, n. One who, or that which,
locative affixes,

WIfe'hood,

WIfe'ly, a. Becoming
WIG, n. [An abbrev. of

periwig.] An
covering of hair for the

wekou - om
" in his
their)

house

ing willful.
Wil'ful-ness,
WTll'ing, a. [From will, v. t.]

ut,

"

by

or, do, wolf, TOO,

mind

inclined

chosen.
Will'ing-ly, adv.
of choice

XOOS j URN, RUE, PULL

1.

having the
disposed. 2. Received

Free to do or grant

the
Wigwam.
English to wigwarn.] An Indian cabin or hut
contr.

winds.

(or

I,

n.

With

o, silent

free will.

c G,
,

soft

Fruit blown off

1.

from a'tree by the wind.

2.

An un-

expected gain.

Wind'-gall,

e,

Wind'fall,

.
the fetlock joint of

, G, hard;

Ag

exist

soft

tumor on

a horse.
{J

as

ng

this-

WIND-GUN
WInd'-gun,

discharged by
compressed air.
[being windv.
Wind'i-ness, n. State or quality of
WInd'ING.to. 1. A turn or turning
a bend. 2. A call by the boatswain's
;

Wind'ing-SHEET,

w.

sheet in

wind as,

fr.

Wind'less, a. Having no wind.

WlND'MILL, TO. A
mill turned by
the wjnd.

WTn'dow, to.

WIng'ed

(60), p.

with wings.

or disable a

a.

Furnished

1.

Swift; rapid.

2.

Empty

airy.

win, Lat. vinum,

[A.-S.

The expres8ed v
and usually the fermented juice of
Foii/os.] 1.

2.

similar liquor, from

3. Intoxication.

other kinds of fruit.

WIne'-bib'ber,
wine.

n.

One who drinks

[which wine

is drank.
A small glass in
(-mezh'ur), ra. The
measure by which wines and other
spirits are sold.
WlNE'-PRESS, to. A place where, or
an engine by which, wine is pressed
from grapes.
WlNG, n. [Icel. vangr, wing, rings,
agitation, fanning.]
1. One of two
anterior limbs of a fowl.
2. Any
similar instrument used for flying.
3. Passage by flying; flight.
4.
Motive of flight.
5. That which
agitates the air, as a wing does. 6.

WIne'-glass,

in the wing.
WIng'less, a. Having

3.

no wings.

shutting the eye.

WIn'ner,

One who

n.

Win'ning,;?.

wins.

Attracting; adapted
charming.
to.
Sum
gained by success in competition or
a.

to gain favor

n.

WlNE'-MEAs/URE

v. t. [-ed -ing.]
[A.-S.
windwian^ awindwian, to fan.] 1.
To separate chaff from by wind. 2.
To sift for separating falsehood from
;

To fan.
WI.\'s6ME(wTn / sum),a. [-ER; -EST.]
[A.-S. toynsvm, from wynn, joy.]
truth.

3.

Cheerful

WlN'TER,

light-hearted.
[Prob. allied to wind,

n.

the windy season of the

cold season of the year.
-ing.] To pass the winv. i. [-ED
ter.
v. t.
To keep or feed during
the winter.

because
year.]

it is

The

An

to.

aromatic

evergreen, having Dright red berries.

[-ED; -ING.]
'v.
v.
To kill by the cold of winter.
Win'ter-y, a.
Suitable to, or resembling, winter.
WIn'try, a. Same as Wintery.
Wipe, v. t. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S. wlpian, to wrap up, to cuddle one's
self up.]
1. To rub with something
soft for cleaning
to clean by rubbing.
2. To remove by rubbing.
to.
1. Act of rubbing for cleaning.

WlN'TER-KlLL,

2.

blow

n.

hit.

1.

One who

wipes.

2.

Something used

for wiping.
n. [A.-S. wir.]
even thread
of metal,
v. t. [-ED ; -ING.] 1. To
bind with wire. 2. To put on a wire.

Wire,

An

Wire'-BRIdGe,

to.

bridge

pended on cables made of

Wire'-draw, v. t.
-drawn; -drawing.]

sus-

wires.,

1.

To form,

by drawing it
through a hole. 2. To draw or spin
out to great length.
WIre'-draw'er, to. One who draws
metal into wire.
as metal, into wire,

Wire'-pull'er,

works, horn-works, and the like,

(c.) Right
or left division of an
army, regiment, &c. (d.) That part
of the hold or orlop of a vessel
which is nearest the sides; also,
one of the extremities of a fleet.
v. t.
[-ED; -ING.] 1. To furnish

the wires, as of a puppet hence, one

operates by secret means.
WlRE'-WORM (-warm), to. The hard,
slender larve of certain beetles.
WlR'I-NESS, to. State of being wiry.
WlR'Y, a. 1. Made of wire like wire.
2. Tough; sinewy.
Wis, v. t. [imp. k,p. p. wist.] [A.-S.
wisian, to instruct, show, govern.

to.

One who

dition.

Godliness
piety.
Prudence. Wisdom has been

3.

Syn.

defined to be the " use of the best means

for attaining the best ends," and in this
sense implies the union of high mental
and moral excellence. Prudence, is of a
more negative character; it rather consists in avoiding danger than in taking
decisive measures for the accomplishment of an object. Sir Robert Walpole
was in many respects a prudent statesman, but he was far from being a wise
one. Burke has remarked thatprurfewce,
when carried too far, degenerates into a
" reptile virtue," which is the more dangerous for the plausible appearance it
wears.

WTE,a.

[-ER

edge

learned.

of knowledge
ing soundly.

-EST.]

allied to wit, v.

[A.-S. ivis,

Having knowlMaking due use

discerning and judg>
1.

i.]

2.

3.

Versed in art or sci5. Dictated

Godly pious.
or guided by wisdom.

ence.

4.

Syn.

Sage

sagacious

judicious.

GUISE.]
mode.

[A.-S. wise. Cf.

to.

of being or acting

Way

133" Wise is often used in composition,

as in likewise, lengthwise, &c.

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WTse'a-RE

(-a-ker) n.
[Ger. weissager, a prophet, fr. weise, wise, and
sagen, to say.] One who makes undue pretensions to wisdom.
Wise'ly, adv. Prudently judiciously
discreetly
with wisdom.
;

Wish,

[-ed; -ing.] [A.-S. wyscan, Skr. wantch.] 1. To have a desire.

2. To be disposed or inclined.
v.

i.

v.
2.

t.
1. To desire; to long forTo frame or express desires con-

cerning.

Desire;

1.

to.

WHAT

longing.

Expression of desire petition in3. A thing desired.

WlSH'-BONE, . The forked bone in
front of the breast-bone in birds.
2.

vocation.

WTsh'ER, . One who wishes.

WiSH'FUL, a. 1. Having desire,
ardent desire.

or

Showing desire.
In a wishful

2.

Wish'ful-ly, adv.
manner.

WTsh'y-wash'y,

a.

Without

force

or solidity also, very weak, when

said of liquor.
WIsp, to.
[Icel. visk.
See WHISK.]
A small bundle of straw, hay, or the
WIst, imp. & p. p. of Wis.
[like.
WfST'FUI,, a.
[From wist, imp. of
wis.] Eagerly attentive engrossed;
hence, sometimes wishful.
;

pulls

who

I, E, 0,fj, Y,long; A,iJ,X,6,U,Y,s/i0r*;

[Obs. or poet.]

i.]

[-drew

side-piece; as, (a.) A side-building, less than the main edifice, (b.)
(Fort. )
The longer side of crown-

v.

To know. 2. To think to suppose

W7s/d6m,to. [A.-S. wisdom, fr. wis,
wise, and the term, dom, from dom,
doom, judgment, power.] 1. Quality
of being wise; knowledge, and the
capacity to make due use of it sagacity. 2. Acquired knowledge eru-

WIn'ter-green,

WTp'er,

WIT,

See

Case covering the

to.

wing of a coleopterous insect.

Wing'y, a. Having wings rapid
Wink, v. i. [-ED -ing.] [A.-S. wincian.] 1. To close and open the eyelids quickly.
2. To give a hint by a
motion of the eyelids.
3. To connive at any thing to avoid taking
notice.
to.
1. Act of closing the
eyelids quickly. 2. A bint given by

WIn'now,

eye.] 1. An opening in a building

for the admission
Windmill.
of light and air.
2. The sash that ^oses the opening.
3.
A Jattice or casement.
WInd'pipe,to. The passage for the
breathto and from the lungs.
WInd'row (wTn'ro), n. A row or line
of hay raked together.
WInd'ward, n. The point from
which the wind blows.
a. Situated
toward the point from which the
wind blows.
adv. In the direction
from which the wind blows.
WlND'Y, a. [-ER -est, 142.] 1. Consisting of wind. 2. Windward.
3.
Tempestuous boisterous. 4. Flatu-

much

To wound

3.

of.

content.

[Icel.

vindauga,
window, lit. wind-

grapes.

wing

by

Windlass.
winden,
to
wind, and as, axis.] A cylinder or
roller for raising weights, turned by
a crank or lever.

5.

flight.

To transport

2.

[Apparently
from ivind &vA
lace ; but cf.

lent.

wings.

Wing'-shell,

which a corpse
is wrapped.
WllND'LASS, TO.

Wine, to.
MoWc Gr

with

Wounded

whistle.

D.

WISTFUL

480

A gun

to.

Wist'ful-ly, aav%

in

-wistful

manner.
[A.-S. witan.]
To know,now used only in the infinitive to
wit, a phrase equivalent to namely,
that is to say.
to. [A.-S. witt,wit.\
sense. 2.
men1. Mind intellect
tal faculty. 3. Association of objects
not usually connected, so as to produce a pleasant surprise; also, the

Wit,?;,

i.

ERE, VEIL, T&ML 5 PIQUE, FIRM; S6N,

WITCH
;

ing sayings.

Humor. Wit

formerly meant
genius, and now denotes the power of
seizing on some thought or occurrence,
and, by a sudden turn, presenting it under aspects wholly new and unexpected
apparently natural and admissible, if
not perfectly just, and bearing on the
subject, or the parties concerned, with a
" What
laughable keenness and force.
J want," said a pompous orator, aiming

common

at his antagonist, " is

sense."

" Exactly.
was the whispered reply.
The pleasure we find in icit arises from
the ingenuity of the turn, the sudden
surprise it brings, and the patness of
its application to the case, in the new
and ludicrous relations thus flashed upon the view. Humor is a quality more
congenial than icit to the English mind.
It consists primarily in taking up the
peculiarities of a humorist, and drawing
them out, so that we enjoy a hearty,
good-natured laugh at the unconscious
development he makes of his whims and
oddities.
From this original sense, the
term has been widened to embrace other
sources of kindly mirth of the same general character, 'in a well-known caricature upon English reserve, an Oxford
student is represented as standingon the
brink of a river, greatly agitated at the
sight of a drowning man, and crying
out, "O that I had been introduced to
this gentleman, that I might save his
life!"
The "Silent Wsnnan " of Ben
Johnson is one of the most humorous
productions, in the original sense of the
term, which we have in our language,
'

WTtch,

[A.-S. ivicce, wiglere, enchanter; allied to wig:, holy.] 1. One

given to the black art a sorceress.
n.

A charming woman.

2.

-ING

To bewitch

WiTCH'RAFT,
witches

n.

sorcery

v.

[-ED

t.

to enchant.

1.
;

Practices of

enchantments.

2.

Power more than natural.

WlTCH'ER-Y,n. 1. Sorcery enchantment witchcraft. 2. Fascination.

WlTCH'lNG, a. Suited to enchantment or witchcraft.
;

widhdhe, a withy, twisted rod.]

slender twig. 2. A band

consisting of a twig or twigs twisted.
WiTH'ER, v. i. [-ED; -ING.] [A.-S.
wyderu, withering, dryness, gewytherod, withered, orig. dried by the
weather or air.] i. To lose freshness to dry.
2. To pine away, as
to
animal bodies.
3. To perish
1. To cause to
pass away.
v. t.
2. To cause
fade and become dry.
to languish, perish, or pass away.
WlTH'ERS, n. pi. [Ger. widerrist, fr.
wider, against, and rist, elevation,
Ridge
withers, fir. the root of rise.]
between a horse's shoulder-bones.
With'er-w rung (-rung), a. Injured
or hurtin the withers.

draw back to cause

To recall or retract.
To quit a company or place
;

away.

to

to

2.

v.

to

To retire;

ing,

go

t.
;

[See

n.

a wolf.

WOLFS'-BA.NE,n.

A poisonous plant.

n. A drawAct of with-

WOL'VER-'lNE',

WOL'VER-ENE',

and
One who

attests, an instrument.
gives testimony.
v. t.
-ING.J 1. To see or have direct cognizance of.
2. To give testimony to. 3. To see the execution
of, as ah instrument, and subscribe
it for the purpose of establishing its
authenticity.
Stx.
To behold; testify; attest;

certify; depose.

A carnivorous mammal.
WOM'AN (150), n. [A.-S. wifmann,
wimann, fr. wif, woman, wife, and
mann, a man.] 1. A female, esp.
an,

2.

Syn.

[-ER -EST, 142.]

good at repartee.

Acute

smart

facetious; satirical;

a worn

Womb

pi.

,-

WON

&

Emotion

;xcited by something new,

strange, great, and not well understood ; su rprise
astonishment. 2

That which excites surprise; a

prodigy.- v.i. [-ed;-ing.] 1. To
be affected by surprise or admiration.
2.

To

feel

doubt and curiosity.

a. Adapted to excite-

W6n'der-ful,
;

arch

wonder
Syn

E,

of Wife.

derful

[From wise and the

n.

term, ard.]

PTJLL

exciting surprise.
Amazing astonishing
See Marvelous.
;

prising.
[From wife.] [-ED
To marry
said of a man. W6n'der-ful-ly, adv.

Wives, n.
Wtz'ARD,

wolf.too, 200B.J fJRNjRUE,

\n.

vo"om), n.
[A.-S.]
1. The
uterus -)f a female. 2. The place
where a ay thing is produced.
3.
Any cavj "ly containing any thing.
(wiin ', imp.
p. p. of Win.
Won'der, n. [A.-S. wunder.] 1.

humorous.

Wive, v.t.or i.
-ING.]

sharp

A magician

I,

o, silent

G, soft; ,

sur-

In a won-

manner.

Won'der-ment,

a conjurer

<?,

race.

WpJl'i N-LY, a. Becoming a woman

femin ne.
adv. In the manner of

Pos-

human

n.
State, character,
or collective qualities of a woman.
Wom'an-Ish, a. Suitable to a woman ;
ha ing the qualities of a woman.
Woai \n-kind, n. The female sex;
race of females of the human kind.

n. [A.-S., knowing, fr. witan, to know.] A man who knows his

wife's infidelity, and submits to it.
a.

adult female, of the

female servant.

Wom'an-hood,

WIt'tol,

sessing wit

Wolf.

[From wolf, prob. because it was

thought to have wolfish qualities.]

n.

a.

tion of,

[-ED

de-

a. Like

to resist.

5.

allied

carnivor-

very

[-STOOD;

Made

a.

WlT'LESS,

2.

or

Wolf'ish,

\V miE.J
A withe.
of withes like a witae.
1. Destitute of understanding. 2. Indiscreet, [smartness.
WIt'ling, n. A pretender to wit or
Wit'ness, n. [A.-S. wltnes, fr. witan, to know.] 1. Attestation of a
fact
testimony. 2. That which furnishes evidence. 3. One who beholds
or has personal knowledge of any
thing. 4. One who sees the execu-

WiTH'Y.

WITHE

OR, do,

V.

To oppose

plain, or

wulf

structive.

of withdraw[iog-room.

drawing, or state of being withdrawn withdrawal.

[A.-S. widhig,
(with), n.
;

Anything

-standing.]

animal.

ravenous

WlTH-STAND',

i.

r7lTH-DRAv.<lNG-ROOM,
n.

ous

2.

[A.-S.
(wulf), n.
to Lat. vulpes, a fox.] 1.

On

1.

forest.

open country.

or at the
outside of. 2. Out of the limits or
reach of be\ond. 3. Not with independently of. 4. Unless
except.
adv.
Not on the inside not
within out of doors externally.

WlT'TY,

With-draw'ment,

prep.

Wolf

retreat; recede.

WlTH-DRAW'AL, n. Act

A wood

WITH-OUT',

go

away.
Syn.

2.

away

v. i.
To bear testimony.
Wit'ti-CISM, n. A phrase affectedly
witty an attempt at wit.
WlT'Tl-LY, adv. With wit.
[witty.
Wit'ti-ness, n.
Quality of being
[-drew; Wit'ting-ly, adv.
[See WIT.]
1. To take
Knowingly.

-drawn -drawing.]

miserable.

t.

Wretched

In the limits or compass of.

3. Inside the reach or influence of.
adv.
1. In the inner part
inwardly internally. 2. In the house.
of.

means.
5. Correspondence
comparison. 6. Close succession.
WlTH-AL', adv. [with and all.] With
prep. With;
the rest; likewise.
following the object of a verb.
;

[A.-S. toidh, raid, with,

Cf. A.-S. mid, midli,

v.

Thin sharp pinched.

n.
[A.-S. wad.]
An herbaceous plant, or a blue coloring matter
[heavy calamity.
derived from it.
WOE, n. [A.-S. wa.] Grief; misery,
WOE'-BE-GONE', a. [Eng. woe, and
0. Eng. begone, visited, happened to,
from be, prefix, and gone.]
Overwhelmed with woe.
Wo'ful, la. 1. Full of woe; sorWoe'ful, } rowful unhappy. 2.
Bringing calamity or distress.
3.

With-draw',

en]

Woad,

adv. 1. Sorrowfully.
WO'FUL-LY,
WlTH-HOLD', V. t. [-HELD -HELD WOE'FUL-LY, J 2. Wretchedly miserably.
or -holden; -holding.]
1. To
Wo'ful-ness,
n. Quality of being
hold back to restrain. 2. To retaiu
Woe'ful-NESS, j woeful misery.
not to grant.
With -in', prep. I. In the inner part Wold,m. [A.-S.] [See Wood.] 1.

ment

[From A.-S. wis(wlz'n), a.

7iian, to grow dry, wesan, to weak-

2.

WIz'i'N

against.
Grer. ?nit, with.] With denotes or expresses,
1. Nearness: connection;
intercourse. 2. Situation or estimatreatment by.
tion among
3.
Friendship or assistance. 4. Instruat,

a sorcerer.
a.
1. Enchanting.
Haunted by wizards.

1.

A flexible,

WITH, prep.

WONDERMENT

481

power of readily combining objects

in such a manner. 4. A person of
eminent sense, knowledge, or genius
one distinguished for bright or amusStx.

n.

Surprise; won-

der.
<5,

hard,-

L\

3psT; NosNS;

this.

WONDROUS
a.
Such as may
and astonishment.

Wonderful

excite

strange; marvelous; prodigious; admirable.

Syn.

adv.

Wondrously

WORM

marvelously.

The

weave.]

warp

threads that cross the

in weaving.

Wool

[A.-S.
(27), w.
villus, veltus.]

Lat.

wull, allied to

That

1.

soft,

curled hair which grows on sheep

and some other animals. 2. Short,

W6n'drous-ly, adv. In a wonderthick, crisped hair, as of a negro.
ful manner or degree.
[-ED; -ING.]
[D.
Won't. A colloquial contraction of WOOLD, V. t.
woll not, for will not.
(wunt). a. [For woned, from
to dwell, A.-S. wunian.]
Accustomed; habituated. n. Cus-

WONT

won (obs.),

woelen.] To wind a rope round, as

a mast or yard, when made of two
or more pieces, at the place where

they have been scarfed.

habit. v. i. [wont wont, YVool'en,

WONTED; wonting.] To be ac- YVo~bL'LEN,

tom
or

482

WdN'DROUS,
surprise

customed or habituated to be used.

W6nt'ed, a. Accustomed; custom;

ary.

Woo,

[-ED; -ing, 144.] [A.-S.

. t.
wugian, from wug, ivd, a bending.]

rary, or naval engineering, as docks

bridges, embankments, trenches, &c.
Management; treatment. 5. pi
External performances, as
( Theol. )
a ground of justification.
4.

Labor

Syn.

employment

(wfirk'a-bl), a.

Wo~ol'-gath'er-ing,

Work'-fel'low

Indulgence in idle exercise of the imagination

vagary.

A bag

(wfirk'-), n.

for

holding instruments or materials for

needle-work.

Work'-box

Capable

of being worked.

Work'-bAg

\a. 1. Made or consisting of wool. 2. Pertainn. Cloth made of wool.

Wool'en-drA'per, n. A dealer in
[the wool.
woolen goods.
Wool'fell, n. A fell, or skin, with
)

ing to wool.

toil

occupation: production; achievement.

Work'A-Ble

A box

(wfirk'-). n.

for

instruments or materials for work.

Work'-day (wfirk'-),
as Working-day.
Work'er (wfirk'er),
works

n.

&

Same

a.

One who

n.

a laborer.

One
engaged in the same work with anTo solicit in love to court. 2.
v.i.
other.
To invite with importunity.
Wool'-grow'er, n. One who raises Work'-house (wfirk'-), n. 1. A
To make love.
sheep for the production of wool.
house in which idle and vicious per
Wood, n. [A.-S. wudu, wood, a wood,
State of being
sons are confined to labor. 2. A
weald, wald, a wood.] 1. A large Wo"bl/L,I-NESS, n.
woolly.
house where the town poor are maincollection of trees a forest. 2. Hard
tained at the public expense, and
substance of trees timber. 3. Trees Wo~ol'ly, a. [-ER; -EST, 142.] Con1.

77.

(wGrk'-), n.

v. t.
cut or sawed for the lire.
To get supplies of
[-ED -ING.]
;

wood

for.

v.

i.

To take

in sup-

wood.
Wo~OD'BiNE,i. [wood, and bind.] 1.
A climbing plant having flowers of
plies of

great fragrance
2.

the honey-suckle.

An ornamental woody

vine, called

also Virginia creeper.

Wo"od'chuck, n.
the root of sow
or hog.]

[From wood, and

Word (wfird),

Wo"OD'-RAFT, n Skill and practice

in shooting and other sports in the
woods.

Word'i-ness

with wood.
WbOD'JEN (wdbd'n), a. 1. Made of
wood. 2. Clumsy awkward.
Wood'-house n. A house or shed
[trees.
to keep wood in.
Wood'lXnd, n. Land covered with
;

n.

(150),

[Eng.]
One who cuts

officer.

A species of lark.
A forest
1.
n.
2. A sportsman.

dowu

n.

trees.

fabled goddess

a dryad.

Wo"od'peck-er,

n.

scansorial

bird which pecks holes in the wood

[dove.
or bark of trees for insects.
(-un), n. The ringWood'-reeve, n. The overseer of
a wood. [Eng.]
Wood'-sREW (-skru), n. An iron
screw furnished with a sharp thread,
for insertion in

wood.

Abounding with, or consisting of, wood

ligneous.
Woo'ER, n. One who wooes.
Woof, n. [From A.-S. wefan, to
a.

i,

ulary

o, u, y, long; A, E,

i,

(wfird'-), n.

vocab-

a dictionary.
State or

n.

quality of being wordy.

[pression.

WORD'ING (ward -), n. Style of exWord'y (wurd'y), a. [-ER -est,

ver142.] 1. Using many words
bose. 2. Containing many words.
WORE, imp. of Wear.
7

Work (wurk),
WROUGHT
;

v.

[worked

i.

WORKING.]

or

[A.-S.

weorcan.]
1.
To exert
one's self for a purpose
to labor.
2. To operate; to act; to perform.
4.
3. To have effect or influence.
To carry on business. 5. To move
heavily to strain to labor. 6. To

wyrcan,

proceed with difficulty. 7. To ferment, as a liquid. 8. To operate on

the bowels, as a cathartic.
v. t. 1.
To labor or operate upon. 2. To
accomplish to effect.
3.
To produce by slow degrees.
4. To manage to lead. 5. To embroider. 6. To
direct the action of to manage. 7. To
cause to ferment.
1. Exertion
n.
of strength. 2. That on which one is
at work. 3. Result of labor product;
specifically,
(a. A composition
a
book, (b.)pl. Structures in civil, mill

6, u, y, short;

Work'shop

coming a work-

cAre, far, ask, all,

what

n.
A shop
is carried on
(wurk'-), n. A table

(wfirk'-),

where any manufacture

Work'-ta/ble

for holding work, esp. needle-work.

Work'-wom'an (wfirk'-, 150), n. A

woman who performs any work.

WORLD

n.

(wfirld),

world.]

(wfird'-),

Wo"od'-pig'eon

A, e,

(wfirk'-, 150), n.
workespecially, a skillful artificer.
(wfirk'-), a. Be-

Word'-book

Wo^od'y,

dis-

[wood.
*P"o"bD'-OUT'TER, n. One who cuts
Supplied or covered
WOOD'ED, a.

an engraving.

day

festi-

2.

declaration promise. 6.
Dispute. 7- A brief remark or observation. 8. The Scriptures.
Syn.
See Term.
[-ed;-ing.]
To express
v. t.
in words.

An engraving on
n.
wood, or an impression from such

of the woods

er

Work'man-like
Work'man-ey

[A.-S.

n.

Wo~bD'-CUT,

3.

Work'man

Woodchuck.

bird of the snipe family.

Wood'nymph,

performed as

is

tinguished from the Sabbath, a

val, or a holiday.

word, allied
man, esp., a skillful one skillful.
The spoken, Work'man-ship (wGrk'-), n. 1. Skill
written, or printed s.gn of a concepof a workman manner of making
tion. 2. Talk discourse. 3. Account
any thing. 2. That which is made
tidings.
Signal
command. 5.
4.
or produced manufacture.

Statement

WoOD'OCK,tt.

WOOD'MAN

(wGrk'-), n.

on which work

of

Wood'-lark,

Work'ing-day

dent mammal,

provided with labor.

1. A pack or bag
n.
2.
of wool weighing 240 pounds.
Any thing bulky without weight.
Wool'-sack, n. A sack or bag of
wool esp. one used as the seat of
the lord chancellor of England in
the House of Lords.
[in wool.
Wool'-sta'pler, n. One who deals

to Lat. ver-b-um.]

ro-

a species
marmot.

sisting of, or resembling, wool.

Wo"ol'-pAck,

1.

[A.-S. weorold,

The earth aDd

Human

its

inhabi-

tants.
2.
affairs also, state
of existence. 3. The creation; universe. 4. Any heavenly body, regarded

as inhabited.
ety.
7.

5.

Human

life

or soci-

6. The human race

mankind
The wicked part of mankind. 8
;

great multitude or quantity.

(vvfirld'-), n. Quality

World'li-ness

of being worldly.

World'LING

(wfirld'-), n.

One who

is devoted to this world and its enjoyments.

WORED'LY(wurld'ly),. 1. Relating
human. 2. Secular ;
to the world
devoted to this lite and its enjoyadv. In a worldly manner.
ments.
;

WORM

(wurm, 34), n. [A.-S. wurm,

1.
allied to Lat. vermis.]
small, creeping animal or rep-

worm,

Any

2.

tile.

Animals which

pi.

live

3. Any thing
resembling a worm esp.,
a small, worm -like ligament under a
dog's tongue. 4. Remorse of conscience.
v. i.
[-ED; -ING.] To
work slowly, gradually, and secretly.
v. t. 1. To effect, remove, or drive.
&c.,by slow and secret means. 2.

in

the

intestines

spiral, or

ere, veil, trm pique, fTrm son,

;

WORM-EATEN
To cut the ligament,

of, as a dog.
(wQrrn'-),a. Gnawed

by worms.

WORM'-FENCE

zigzag
fence, made by placing the ends of
the rails upon each other.
(wftrnV-), n.

Worm'wood

(wurm'-),

[A.-S.

worgen,

[A.-S.

ici/rsa,

Wors'.e.\"

v.

To make

t.

WORS'ER(wurss'er),

a. Worse. [Rare.]
(wfirM, n. [Orig., the state
of worth or worthiness, fr. worth,
and the termination ship.] 1. A title
of honor given to certain magis2. Religious revereuce
trates, &c.
and homage. 3. Idolatry of lovers.
Adoration; reverence; devoStn.

Wor'ship

tion; veneration: "Honor; respect.

V.t.
137.]

[-ED. -ING; or -PED, -PING,

1. To honor.
2. To pay di-

v.
vine honors to; to adore.
To perform acts of adoration.

perform religious

Wor'ship-er
WOR'SHIP-PER
Wor'ship-ful

1.

i.

To

2.

service.

One

(wGr'ship-), n.

who worships.

(wfir'ship-), a.

En-

worship or high respect.

(wflr'ship-), adv.
In a worshipful manner.

titled to

Wor'ship-ful-LY
IVORST (wurst),

a.

stiperl.

of Worse.

Bad, evil, or perni[See Worse.]

n.
cious, in the highest degree.

That which

is

most bad or

evil.

v.

t.
[-ED -ING.] To get the better
to overthrow.
of; to defeat
[From
WORST'ED (wust'ed), n.
Worsted, in England.] Well-twisted
yarn, spun of long-staple wool.
Wort' (wflrt). n. [A.-S. tvyrU wirt,
:

used
A

an herb
compounds,
2.
plant of the cabbage kind. 3. [A.-

herb, root.]

1.

plant

wert, must.]
New
beer unfermeuted, or in the act of
S.

wirt, iveort,

fermentation.
(wQrth), v.

Worth

[A.-S. weor-

t.

dhan, to become, be, happen.] To

as, woe loorth the
be to betide
n. [A.-S. iceorrih, wurdk.] 1.
day.
That quality of a thing which renders
;

equivalent in
it valuable or useful
exchange. 2. Value of moral or per;

sonal qualities.
Syn.
Desert

eminence
6r, do,

merit

virtue

price

[-ER

n.

142.] 1. Having worth or excellence

possessing merit. 2. Equal in excellence, value or dignity to entitled to.
Deserving; meritorious; exStn.
cellent: equivalent; valuable; virtuous;
estimable; suitable.

A man

?i.

excellence

:
;

(wood), imp. of Will.

(wolmd

wownd,

or

40), n.

cut, stab, bruise,

Injury hurt
damage, v. t. [-ED; -ING.] To
hurt by violence to injure hence,
imp. & p.
to hurt the feelings of.
2.

p. of 117/!^/.

Wove,

imp. of Weave.
of Weave.
n.
[Cf. Ar. warak, a

Woven, p. p.
Wrack (rak),

leat of a tree.]
(rith),?;.

marine plant.

Wraith

[Prob. corrupted
swarlk, apparition of one
about to die, fr. sivarth, gloomy.] An
apparition of a person seen before
death, or a little after.
fr. sivairlli,

Wran'GLE

v.

(ra-ng'gl),

i.

[-ED;

-ING.] [L. Ger. ivrangen, to wrestle,

A.-S. u-ringan, to wring, strain,
press.] To dispute angrily to brawl
to altercate.
n. An angry dispute
a noisy quarrel.
Bickering; brawl; jangle; conStnj
controversy. See Altkecatiox.
test
Wran'gler (nmg'gler), n. One who
wrangles.
Senior wrangler (Cambridge University, Eng.),the student who passes the
best examination in mathematics in the

senate-house.
(rap), v.

Wrap

t.

[-ped

-ping.]

To fold
1.
[Prob. allied to warp.]
together. 2. To envelop completely
tolufold. 3. To conceal by envelop;

rate.

ing

to hide.

Wrap'per

One who,

n.

(rap'per),

or that which, wraps specifically a

loose outer garment.
(riith
in Eng. rawth), n.
See Wroth, a.]
[A -S. wrsedh.
1. Violent anger. 2. Just punishment,
of an offense or crime.
Stn.
Fury; rage: ire vengeance
indignation; resentment; passion.
WRATH'FUL (rath'-), a. 1. Full of
wrath; very angry. 2. Springing
from, or expressing, wrath.
Wrath'ful-LY (rath'-), adv. In a
wrathful manner.
,

Wrath

wolf. too, T.QO&J urn, rue, pull

JB, /,

(reeth), n.

to inflict. _

WREATHS.

pi.

[Seeinfra.] 1. Something twisted o'

curled. 2. A garland a chaplet.
(reeth, v. t.) [-ed: -Ibn f

Wreathe

[A.-S. wredhan. See Writhe.] 1. 3

twist to convolve. 2. To surrouul
with an}' thing twisted to encircle,
3. To twine or twist about, [curled.
Wreath'Y (r5th'y), a. Twisted;
;

n.

wraJc,

[I).

damaged,

wreck.] 1. Destruction ;
ruin. 2. Destruction or injury of a
vessel at sea. 3. Ruins of a ship. 4.
Remains of any thiug ruined.
v. t.
[-ED -ING.] 1. To destroy, disable,
or damaire, as a vessel at sea. 2. To
bring ruin upon to destroy.

brittle,

Wreck'er

i.

[Co.'loql

of eminent worth.

[A.-S. ivat, present tense

of icitan, to know.] To know; to
be aware. [ Obs. or antiquated.]
03 It is used also as the imp. of the
obs. verb Wcct, to know.
v,

geance or passion

WRECK (rek),

-EST,

in

chiefly

(wGrth'-),
Quaiitv of being worthless.

[A.-S. wund.] 1.
rent, or the like.

to deteriorate.

mean.

WORTH'LESS-NESS

Would
Wound

evil or bad.

(wiirss'n),

Destitute
(wfirth'-), a.
having no value, exceldignity,
or
the
like.
lence,
Undeserving; valueless; useSvn.

(wfir'thy), a.

angry.

t.
[-ed; -ing.}
To execute in ven-

Worth/less

a. Yery
(reek), v.

Wreak

WREATH

or quality of being worthy.

Wot,

compar. of weorr, perverse, bad.]

Bad, in a higher degree in poorer
In a
more sick.
adv.
health

manner more

In a
State

a.

Wor'thi-ly (wGr'thi-), adv.

worthy manner deservedly.
Wor'thi-ness (wfir'thi-), n.

Wor'yhy

Wrath'Y,

[A.-S. wrecan.]

(wGrss),

3.

in value to. 2. DeHaving estate to the

'

Worse

serving of.
value of.

less; vile; bare;

p. of Wear.
One who worries.
n.
[-ed; -ING, 142. J [D.
v. t.
iintrgen, to strangle.] 1. To

harass with importunity, or with

care and anxiety to trouble. 2. To
harass by pursuit and barking. 3. To
v. i.
tear or mangle with the teeth.
To express undue care and anxiety.
n.
A state of disturbance from
care and anxiety.

Equal

1.

W6 R'RI-ER,

WOR'RY,

a.

of worth

Worn, p.

formerly
wermod.} A bitter plant
supposed to be fatal to worms.
WORM'Y (wQnn'y), a. [-er; -est,
Containing a worm abound142.]
ing with worms.
:

WRIGGLER

483

worm,

called a

from under the tongue

WORM'-EAT'N

worse

(rek'er), .

1.

One who

causes a wreck. 2. One who searches

for the wrecks of vessels.
(rek'-). n.
A perto take charge
of goods, &c, thrown on shore after
a shipwreck.

WRECK'-Mis'TER

son appointed by law

WREN(ren),n.

[A.-S.

wrenna,wrxn-

na, prob. allied to wrxne, lascivious.]

bird.

Wrench (rench, 66), v.

t. [-ed ;-ing.]
[A.-S. wrencan, to deceive, allied to
wringau, to wring.] 1. To wrest or
twist by violence.
2. To strain
to

sprain.
n.
1.
violent twist, or
Wrench (3).
pull with twisting.
2. A sprain.
3. An instrument for
exerting a twisting straiu.
Wrest (rest) v. t. [-ed -ing] [A.S. wrsestan. Cf. Wrist.] 1. To pull
away by violent wringing or twisting to extort. 2. To pervert grossly ;
to distort.
n. Violent pulling and
twisting distortion.
Wrest'er (rest'- ), n. One who wrests.
;

WRES'TLE

(res'l), v.

[-ED; -ING.]

i.

[A.-S. wrxstlian, allied to wrsestan,

to wrest.] 1. To grapple, as two persons, each striving- to throw the other
down. 2. To struggle to strive to

contend.

two

n.

to see

which

struggle between
throw the other.

will

Wres'TLER

(res'ler), n.
One who
wrestles, or is skillful in wrestling.
(retch), n.
[A.-S. wrecca,
ivracca, an exile, a wretch, wr'dc,
wrdec, exiled, wretched.] 1, A miserable person. 2. One sunk in vice or
degradation a villain a rascal.
1.
(retch'ed, 60), a.

Wretch

WRETCH'ED

Yery miserable
tion or distress.
poor or mean.

WRETCH'ED-LY

sunk
2.

in deep
Worthless

(retch'-), adv.

afflic;

very

In*

wretched manner.

Wretch'ed-ness

(retch'ed-nes), <u

Quality or state of being wretched.

-ING.]
(rig'gl), v. i. [-ED
[Allied to A.-S. icrigian. to bend,
follow, ivrixlian, ivrixlan, to change.]
To move the body to and fro with
v.t. To move by
short motions.
[gles.
twisting and squirming.

WRIG'GLE

Wrig'GLER

o, silent; c, G, soft; ,<z,hard;

(rig'-), n.

One who wrig-

Agj EXIST; N as NG; this-

WRIGHT
Wright (rlt),

wyrcan, to work.]

workman

I
'

chiefly in compounds.

[wrung wring-

Wring

(ring), v. t.
ing.] [A.-S. wringan. Cf.

letters,

nat which, rings

esp.- an instrufor wringing water from clothes
that have been washed.

[A.-S. wrincle,

(rink'l), v.

small
by the
of any

shrinking or contraction
smooth substance
a crease.
2.
Roughness; unevenness. 3. A whim.
[CoHoq.]
v. t. [-ED; -ING.] 1. To
contract into furrows and prominences to corrugate. 2. To make
'
rough or uneven.
v. i. To shrink
into furrows and ridges.

tort to pervert.
be distorted.
;

Wrist

(rist),

[A.-S., allied to

n.

wrxs-

tan, to wrest, twist.] Joint connecting the hand and arm.

WRIST'BAND (rlstA), n. That part of
a shirt-sleeve which covers the wrist.

WRIT

(rlt),

which

is

n.

[From

written

the Scriptures.

ivrite.]

applied

2.

1.

That

esp. to

(Law.) Instruc-

v.

i.

To

twist

to

(rlt/ing), n. 1. Act of forming letters with a pen, &c. 2. Any

thing written or expressed in letters.

Writ'ing-mas'ter (rlt'ing-),??. One

who teaches penmanship.
Writ'ing-PA'PER (rTfing-), n. Paper
fitted for writing

upon.

unjustly.

unjust; unfair.

Wrong'ful-ly

(rong'fnl-ty), adv.
Injuriously; unjustly.
(rong'hrd-),
a.
Wrong in opinion or principle per-

Wrong'head-ed

verse,

[amiss.

WRONG'LY (rfing'ly), adv.

Wrong'ness (rong'-), n.

Unjustly
Quality or
;

state of being wrong.

Wrote
Wroth

(-rot, 20), imp. of Write.

(rawth), a.
[Cf. Wrath.]
Full of wrath angry , incensed.
(rawtj, imp.
p. p. of

(rong, 21), a. [A.-S. wrang,

wrong, injury, allied to wring.] 1.
Not suitable to an end or object. 2.
right.

3.

Wrought

&

Work.

Wrung

imp.

(rung),

&

p.

p.

of

Wring.

Wry (rl), a. [Cf. Goth,

Eng. writhe.]

vraiqvs, oblique,

Turned

1.

to

one side;

twisted
distorted. 2. Deviating from
the right direction.
Wry'neck (rF-), n. 1. A twisted or
distorted neck. 2. A small bird allied
;

Wrong

Not morally

That which is not right; any

injury done to another a trespass.
adv. Not rightly; amiss; morally
ill; erroneously.
v. t. [-ed
-ing.]
1. To treat with injustice; to deprive
of some right. 2. To impute evil to

Writ'ing

or figures, as representatives

WRiT'ER(rlt'er), n. 1. One who writes,

or has written ascribe. 2. An author.
Writhe (rTth), v. t. [-ed; -ing.] [A.5. wrid/ian, to wreathe, writhe.]
1
To twist with violence. 2. To dis-

wringan, to wring.] 1.
ridge or furrow, formed

of ideas.

ment

n.

WRONG'-Dp'ER (rong'do"b'er), n. One

who injures another, or does wrong.
To Wrong'ful (rong'fyl),a. Injurious;

To communicate by letter. 3.
compose or produce, as an author.
4. To make known by writing
to
record.
To form characters,
v. i.

One who, or

fr.

tnn, Goth, frits, a stroke, dash, letter.]

1. To inscribe, as legible charto engrave to transcribe. 2.

manently fastened.

Wrink'le

issued from the

proper authority and directed to the

acters

by shipwrights to secure the planks

against the timbers till they are per(ring'er). n.

an

seal, in

Wrong.] Write
[wrote writ or
written; writing.] [A.-S. wrl;

Wki'ng'er

under

tions in writing,
epistolary form,

sheiitf or other officer.

(rlt),v, t.

To twist and compress; to turn

and strain with violence. 2. To pain
to distress. 3. To extract by twisting
and compressing.
Wri'ng'-eolt (ring'-), n. A bolt used
1.

YANKEE

484

wyrgtn, from
An artificer a

[A.-S.

n.

Not accord-

ing to truth.

Syn.
Injurious"; unjust ; faulty
incorrect; erroneous; unsuitable.

tothe woodpecker.

Wry'ness (rl'-), n.
Wych'-ELM, n. A

State of being wry.

variety of the elm,

a native of Great Britain.

X.
the twenty-fourth letter of
the English alphabet, at the end
of words has the sound of ks ; in
the middle, the sound of ks, or sometimes of gz; at the beginning, the
sound of z. See Principles of Pronunciation, 104.

X(eks),

XAN'THie

(zan'-), a. [Gr. jjavOos, yellow.] 1. Tending toward a yellow color or toward scarlet or orange. 2. Relating to a certain heavy, oily, fluid
acid.
XXn'thine (zan'-), n. [Gr. av06?, yel,

low.]

The yellow insoluble coloring

matter contained in certain plants

aud

flowers.
(ze'bek), n. [Sp. xabeque jabeque, fr. Ar. sumbfik, a small ship.]

XE'BEC

A small, three-masted
XlPH'OID

(zii'oid), a.

Ya'ger

(zi-),

n.

One who

practices xylography.

YACHT'ING

O, V, Y, long;

Xy-log'ra-pher

Sailing on
(yoking), n.
pleasure excursions in a yacht.
(yaw'ger), n. [N.* H. Ger.ja-

a hunter, fr. jage.n, to chase.]

One belonging to a body of light infantry armed with rifles.
Yam, n. [West Ind. ihame..] A large,
esculent tuber or root of a genus of
tropical climbing plants.
Yan'kee, n
[Said to be a corrupt
ger,

,Ij 6, O, t, short;

Belong-

a.

ing to xylography.

Xy-log'ra-phy

(zV-), n.

[Gr. |uAop,

wood, and -ypd^etv, to engrave, write.]

Act or art of cutting figures in wood

[Gr. li^oeiSrys

a sword, and elSos, form.] Resembling a sword ensiform.

XY'LO-GRAPH (zi'lo-), n. An engraving on wcod, or the impression from
such an engraving.
t-tyos.

of words or syllables, it is a consonant element. In the middle and at

the end of words, it is a vowel.
See
Prin. of Pron. 35, 30, 54, 55, 105.
YACHT(yot), n. [D.jagt,fv.jagt,jarht,
a chase, hunting.] Alight and elegantly furnished sea-going vessel for
pleasure trips, racing, and the like.
I,

used in

the Mediterranean Sea.

is the twenty -fifth letter of

Y(wi)
the alphabet. At the beginning

A, E,

vessel,

Xy'lo-GrXph'I (zi'lo-),
Xy'lo-graph'I-al (zT'lo-),

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

wood engraving.

Xy-loph'a-goOs
</>dyo5,

and

eating

(zT'-), a.

wood

(f>ayelv, to eat.]

[Gr. vAo-

uA.ov, wood,
Eating or feed-

ing on wood.

XYS'TER

(zis'ter), n. [Gr. fro-rqp, a

scraper.] A surgeon's instrument for
scraping bones.

Ind. pron. of English, or of the Fr.

Anglais. According to Dr. Wm. Gordon, it was a cant word in Cambridge, Mass., as early as 1713, meaning excellent. He supposes that it
was at length taken u p in other parts
of the country, and applied to New
Englanders generally, as a term of
slight reproach.
Cf. Scot, yankie, a
sharp, clever, and rather bold wom-

ERE, VEIL, lEHMj PIQUE, FIRM; S6N

YARD
A

citizen of
citizen of the

stick,

measure.

YULE

485

New England

gesan, jesan, to ferment.] Foam of

beer or other liquor in fermentation
[yeast.
used for raising dough.

also
Northern States
a
a cant name, applied by foreigners to
all inhabitants of the United States.
Yard, n. [A.-S. geard, gerd, a rod,
an.]

Icel. giro'/, osier.]

admit to be true to concede.

permit to grant.
;

ply.

Yelk,

1.

A measure

of leugth, three feet, or

thirty-six inches. 2. A long, slender
piece of timber, suspended upon the
mast, by which a sail is extended. 3.
A
hideous outcry.
[A.-S. geard, hedge, allied to gyrdan,
[-er;-est.]
[A.-S.
to gird.] A small, inclosed place in Yel'low, a.
gelu, geolu, allied to Lat. giivus, gilfront of or around a building.
Yard'- arm, n. Either half of a ship's
bus.]
Being of the color of gold.
yard, fr the center or mast to the end.
Yellow fever, a malignant fever of warm
YXRD'-STICK, n. A stick three feet
climates, with yellowness of the skin.
long, used as a measure of leugth.
n.
A bright golden color.
Yarn, n. [A.-S. geani.] 1. Woolen Yel'low- bIrd, n. A small, brightthread; also, thread of cotton, flax,
yellow bird, common in the United
or hemp. 2. A story spun out by a
States.
sailor for the amusement of his comYel'low-'Ish, a. Somewhat yellow.
panions
[Collo!/. or humorous.]
Yel'lovv-ish-ness, n.
State or
YAR'ROW, n [A.-S. geanve.] A plant, Yel'low-ness,
quality of
)
of a strong odor and pungent taste.
being_ somewhat yellow.
Yat'a-GHan (110), n. [Turk, yata- Yel'lo w, n. 1. A disease of the bile
gan.] A long Turkish dagger.
in horses, cattle, and sheep; jaunYaw, v. i. [-ED -ing.] [See Yew,
dice.
2. A disease of peach-trees.
1. To rise in blisters, as boilv. i.]
Yelp, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S. giling cane-juice. 2. [Prov. Ger. gagen,
pan, to boast, gealp, a loud sound, a
to rock.]
To steer out of the line of
clang.]
To utter a sharp, quick cry,
her course, as a ship.
as a hound.

v.

n. [D jol. Of. Jolly-boat.]

small ship's-boat, usually rowed
To cry
oars.
v. i.

Yawl,,

[-ed; -ing.]
[A.-S.
ganian.] 1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness or
dullness to gape. 2. To open wide.
n. 1.
Act of one who yawns; a
gaping. 2. An openiug wide.*
Yaws, n. [African yaw, a raspberry.]
A disease characterized by contagious
tumors which resemble raspberries.
v.

i.

Y-cleped'
named.
Ye, pron.

(i-Klept'), p. p.

Called

&

its revolution around the sun.

In
common usage, the year consists of
365 days, and every fourth year of
366. 2. pi. Age, or old age.

Year'-book

(27),

book of facts and

1.

A reference-

statistics

published

yearly.
2. A book containing annual reports of law cases in England.
YEAR'LING, n. A young animal one

Being a year old.

YEar'ly, a. 1. Happening, or coming, every year annual. 2. Lasting,
or accomplished in, a year.
adv.
Annually once a year from year
a.

to year.

Yearn

(14), v. i. [-ed; -ing.] [A.-S.

geornian, fr. georn, desirous, Goth
gairnjan, to desire.]
To be filled
with earnest desire to long.
Yeast, n.
[A.-S. gist,- 0. H. Ger.
;

YEAST.

See

n.

Yes'ter,

a. [A -S. gistran, adv., yesterday, Goth, gistra, allied to Skr.

kyas.] Last next before the present.
Yes'tejr-day, n. The day last past.
adv. On the day last past.
:

Amount

yielded

product.

to yield, or

That which connects or binds

frame by which two oxen are
2. A frame worn
an ox-yoke, or
shaped like one. 3. A mark of serv-

1.

esp. the

fastened together.
on the neck like
ituoie

hence, slavery

Two animals yoked

bondage.

together.

4.

r.

t.

[-ED; -ing.] 1. To put a yoke on;

to join in a yoke. 2. To couple. 3.
To enslave to bring into bondage.
;

Yoke'-fel'LOW,
Yoke'mate,

n.

An associate
or companion;

especially, a partner in marriage.

(yoikory6k,20), n. [SeeYELK.]

Yolk

The yelk or yellow part of an

egg.

Yon, a. &
Yon'DER,

adv. Yonder.
adv. [A.-S. geond, geonda,
there.]
At a distance within view.
a.
Being at a distance within
view, or conceived of as within view.
Yore, adv. [From A.-S. gedra, gere,
formerly, allied to gear, ger, a year.]
In time long past long since.
YOU (yii), pron. [A.-S. eow. Cf. YE.]
The pronoun of the second person,
in the nominative or objective case.

Young,

[-ek,
-est, 82.]
[A.-S.
allied to Lat. juvenis,

a.

geong, iung,
Skr. yuwan.]

Not long born

1.

not

2. Being
old or mature juvenile.
in the first part of growth. 3. Inexperienced; ignorant.
n.
The
offspring of animals.
;

inative plurnl of the second person.

(or ye), adv. [A.-S. g-f.a, in, Goth.
Yes ay truly it is so.
Yean, v.. t.
i. [-ed
-ing.1 [A.-S.
eanian.]
To bring forth young, as
a sheep.
Yean'ling, h. [From i/m.]
lamb.
YEAR, n. [A.-S gear, ger, Goth, jer.]
1. Period occupied by the earth in

year old.

3.

[A.-S. geoc, ioc, allied

(20), n.
to Lat. jugum, Gr. fuyot/, Skr. yuga.]

Yea

jro.'J

ble class
a freeholder. 2. An officer
in_ the king's household. [Eng.]
Yeo'man-ry, n. The collective body
of yeomen or freeholders.
YERK, v. t. [-ed -ING.] [See JERK.]
To strike suddenly; to jerk.
v.i.
1. To kick.
2. To move with a jerk.
n.
sudden or quick motion.
YES, ado [A.-S. gese, fr. gea, yes, indeed, and se, i. e., si, let it be.] Ay
yea
a word expressing affirmation.

Nom- Yest,

[A.-S. ge, Goth, jus.]

fr.

pref. ge,

OR, do,

[0. Eng. yeman,

(150), n.
man, and ye, yes, i. e., the
and signifying servant.] 1. A
common man, of the most respecta-

perh.

to yell.

Yawn,

Yeo'man

by four or six
out like a dog

>

To submit. 2. To comTo give way not to oppose.

YOKE

To

Yielding,/?, a. Inclined
to give way or comply.

produce

1.

i.

n.

To

exhitii
bear
emit; allow; resign; surrender.

Ye AST' Y,

Frothy; foamy, like

a.
[A.-S. geoleca, allied to
n.
geolu, yellow. J Yellow part of an egg.
Yell, v. i. [-ed -ing.] [A.-S. gillan,gellan, allied to A.-S. gulan, to
sing.]
To cry out or scream as with
agony or horror.
sharp, loud,
n.

6.

Syn.

YOUNG'ISH,

Somewhat young.
YotJNG'LING, n. A young person or
young animal.
[lad.
Young'ster, n. A young person; a
Younk'er, n. A young person a
a.

[Colloq.]
possessive pron. Belonging, or
relating, to you
of you.

stripling.

Your,

Your-self' (149), pron. Your own

Yes'ter-night' (-nit/), n.
Last
person.
night.
adv. On the last night.
Youth, n. ; pi. youths, sometimes
Yest'y, a. See Yeasty.
[X.-S."geogudh, iiigtidk;
'YOUTH.
Yet, adv. [A.-S. get, giet.] 1. In ad-

dition
time.
time.

besides

Up

3.

Even;

4.

Nevertheless

at least.

S. eow,
yiv.]

n.

[A.-

iw,

W.

An

conj.

v.

Youth'ful-ness,

[-ed;

2.

To

give

up

WOLF, TOO. TOOK.; Orn, rue, PULL E,

;

To

I,

to

make

In a youthful
State of being

n.

[From

Ytterby, a

quarry

in Sweden.] A fine, white powder,

an oxide of yttrium.
Yt'tri-UM, n. A rare grayish-black
metal.
Yule, n. [A.-S. g6ol,giul, itol, November, or the beginning of December.]
.

Yew.

expended or invested.
;

7i.

youthful.

YT'TRI-A,

return
is

adv.

manner.

afford.
in
for what

YOUTH'FUL-LY,

-ING.]
[A.-S.
geld an,
gild an,
to pay, yield] 1.
to
To furnish
give

childhood to manhood. 3. A young

man. 4. Young persons collectively.
a.
1. Young.
2. Relating, or suitable to, the first part of
life
juvenile fresh vigorous.

ever-

t.

yongth,
youngtk.
See
1. State of being young
2. The part of life from

Youth'ful,

green tree allied

to the pines.

Yield,

YOUNG.]
juvenility.

however.

Syn. See However.

YEW (yij),

Eng.

O.

2. At the same
or at the present

still.

to,

over

o, silent

to.

4.

3.

To

Christmas.

9,G,so/<; ,G,hard; A; EXIST;

NoiNS;

THIS.

ZYMOTIC

486

the twenty-sixth letter of the

alphabet, is merely a vocal s. See
Prin. of Pron., 10*5, 107Zaf'fer, n. [Allied to sapphire.] Impux-e oxide of cobalt.
Zam'bo, n. ; pi. zXm'bos.
[See
SAMBO.] Child of a mulatto and a
negro, or of an Indian and a negro.
Za'NY, n. [It. zanni, orig. the same
merry
as Giovanni, John, i. e
John.] A merry-andrew a buffoon.
Zax, n. [A.-S. seax, sex, kuife.] An
instrument for cutting slate.
Zeal, n. [Gr. rjAos, zeal, jealousy.]
Passionate ardor in the pursuit of
any thing.

Z(ze),

ZEAL/OT, n. [Gr.
zeal.]
One who

c^Acoti)?, fr. rjAos,

is full of zeal, or
a fanatic.
ZEAI/OIJS, a. Filled with zeal warmly engaged in behalf of an object.
Syn. Eager; earnest; fervent; hearty.
Zeaj/ohs-ly, adv. With zeal.

over-zealous

State or
quality of being zealous.
n.

n.
[Of
African origin.]
A quadruped of

agrees with a nearer word, is referred

also to another more remote.
a.
Having short, sharp
turns.
n. [Ger. zickzaek, fr. zacke,
a dentil, tooth.] Something that has
-GING.]
short turns.
v. t. [-GED
To form with short turns.
Zinc, n. [Ger. zink, prob. allied to
zinn, tin.] A metal of a brilliant
white color, with a shade of blue.
ZrN-ciF'ER-oiJS, la. [Eug. zinc, and
ZfNK-lF'ER-oDs, j
Lat. ferre, to
bear.] Containing zinc.
[on zinc.

ZtG'ZAG,

1.

n.

The oxide of

[Heb. zii/yCn, orig. a hill.]

Jerusalem, where was the
The theocracy or

hill in

royal residence. 2.
church of God.

ZlR'GON,

[Cingalese.]

n.

mineral.

zecckino.

An

gltiSlCUCOS

letter
Z.
Zebu.
[Obs., or nearly so.]
Zed'o-a-ry, n. [Ar. djadivar.]

medicinal substance obtained in the

East Indies.
ZEM'i:v-DAR'(110),n. [Per. zemindar,

(sc.

from

kAo?),

The

[zemindar.

Jurisdiction of a
n.
[Per., interpretation, i. e.,

fr.

1.

Zend,

2.

of the Avesta, or sacred text.] An

ancient Persian dialect.
Ze'nith, n. [Abbrev. fr. Ar. semt-urras, way of the head, vertical place.]
1. Point in the heavens which is directly overhead. 2. Greatest height.
'

Seph'yr,

n.

[Gr. e'4>vpo?,

darkness, west.]
_poetically,

Ze'RO,

11.

any

fr.

6^>os,

The west wind

[Ar. gafrvn, cifrun,

n.
[Gr. o-xicttos, split, cleft, fr.
vxi.eiv , to split, cleave.]
1.
piece
of orange or lemon peel, or the fine

I,

A
A

Zodiac.

comprises

t)RN,

or

[Gr. gioov, an anidiscourse.]

That
part of natural history which treats
of animals.
Zo-on'o-my, v. [Gi. wov, an animal, and vd/izos, a law.] The laws or
the science of amnial life.

ZO-OPH'A-GoDs,

a.

a.

WeariDg

Zones

(2).

One who

n.

de-

scribes animals.
}
I

a.

Pertaining
to the de-

scription of animals.
[Gr. wov, an anto write.] A description of animals, their forms and
habits.

Zo-6g'ra-phy, n.
imal, and ypafyeiv,

ZO'O-PHVTE,

[Gr.

11.

fa6<])VTOV

wov, an animal, and ijivrov. plant.]

One of a certain division of animals
applied to simple polyps, and to
compound individuals consisting of
many pchps united, as in most
_corals also, often applied to sponges.

animals

a.

Pertaining

One who

to

dissects

a comparative anatomist.
11. [Gr. >ov, an animal,

Zo-oT'O-MY,
and Tony, a

cutting.]

The anatomy

of animals.

Zouave

(zwiiv or zoo-ay'), n.
[From
the Ar. Zovaova, a tribe in Algeria.]

1. One of an active and hardy body

of soldiers in the French service,
originally Arabs, but now Frenchmen who wear the Arab dress. 2.
One of a body of soldiers who adopt
the dress and drill of the Zouaves.
Zounds, interj. [Contr. from God's

[It. zvfolo, fr. zufolare, to whistle, flute.]

or flageolet.
ZU-MOL'O-GY, n. See ZYMOLOGY.
Zu-mom'e-ter, n. See Zymometer.
ZYG'o-MAT'ie, a. [Gr. gvyotfia, the
cheek-bone, fr. vyov, a joke.] Pertaining to the cheek-bone.
Zy'MO-log'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to
zymology.
[zjmology.
)

11.

little flute

the fermen tation of liquors, or the

_doctrine of fermentation.
( 11. [Gr. v>7),ferZy'MO-sim'e-ter, ) n.ent, v>wo-is.

a zone or zones.

Zo-6g'ra-pher,

o</>a"yos

Zy-mom'e-ter,

circumference.

ZON.ED,

[Gr.

<Jo>oi/,an animal, and^ayeij/, to eat.]

_Feeding on animals.

ZY-MOL'o-GlST, n.
One skilled in
ZY-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. v/unj, ferment,
and Ao-yos, discourse.] A treatise on

*,,

earth, with respect

to latitude and temperature. 3. Circuit;

fermentation, and /xtTpov, measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the
degree of fermentation and heat occasioned by mixing different liquids.
ZY-MOT'ifc', a.
[Gr. tjvfiovv, to ferment.] 1. Relating to, or caused by,
2.
Denoting, or perfermentation.
taining to. any epidemic, endemic,
sporadic affection
contagious, or
which is produced by some morbific
principle acting on the system like a
ferment.

CARE. FAR, ASK, ALL, WHAT; ERE, VF,IL, TjEEM; PIQUE, FIRM S6N
RUE. pull ,j, o, silent'; c,G, soft; ,&,hard; A; E^ISTj n; as NG; this

O, U, Yjons;; ,,*, 6,U, Y, short:

wqlf, too, TOOIij

to,

girdle
a belt.
division of the

Zo/o-graph'i,
empty, Zo'o-graph'I-al,

Zest,

or, do,

Zo-ol'o-gy, n.
mal, and Aoyos,

gojwvvai, to gird,]

soft, gentle breeze.

a cipher.]
Cipher; nothing; point
from which graduation commences.

A, E,

Zuf'fo-lo,
ZU'FO-LO,

It
constellations.

Zem'in-da-ry,
n.

One versed

wounds.] An exclamation formerly

used as an oath.

KV-

68101/,

dim. of o>ov, an
animal.]
An imaginary belt in the
heavens,
in
the
middle of which is
the
ecliptic,
or
sun's apparent path

thetwelve
from zemhi, land, and dar, holding.] Zo-di'ag-al, a.
Pertaining
A landholder under the government,
being within, the zodiac.
with the right of underletting the Zone, n. [Gr. giovn,

[India.]

zinc,

ZIR-0'NI-A, n. An oxide of zirconium a white powder.

Zo'di-a, n.
[Gr.

Italian gold coin

a sequia.
ZED, ii. [Gr. fira.]

land.

{JVrrtiy,

which an adjective or verb, which

Zl'ON, n.

(zj'kin),

[It.

Proceeding by inquiry.
[Gr. gevyna, from evyA figure by
vvvat, to yoke, join.]
n.

ZlNe'-WHlTE,

ca, nearly as
Zebra.
_large as a horse.
Ze'bu.ti. [The native Ind. name.]
small
ruminant
mammal of the
bovine tribe.

Sequin.]

[Gr. ^Vrrrrri/cos

a.

[zoology.

Pertaining to
in the
natural history of animals.
a.

to seek.]

ZEUG'MA,

ZlNG'OUS,
'

Southern Afri-

Cf.

ZE-TET're,

of animals.

Zo'o-log'I-al,
Zo-ol'o-gist n.

zinc in the style of wood-cuts.

pera. Pertaining to zinc
taining to the positive pole of a galvanic battery.
[used as a pigment.

Ze'bra,

n.

ZO-oi/A-TRY, n. [Gr. giaov, an animal, and Aarpei'a, service.] Worship

Zing-og'ra-pher, ii. An engraver Zo'o-tom'I-al,

Zing-og'ra-phy, n. [Eng. zinc, and
zootomy.
Gr. ypafyeiv, to write.] Engraving on Zo-ot'O-mist, n.

Zeal'ous-ness,

Ze'ohjn

oil in it used as a relish.

2. Something that gives or enhances a pleasant taste, or the taste itself; hence,
keen enjoyment.
v.t. [-ED -ING.]
To give a relish or flavor to.

PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
OF

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES,

RULES
FOR PRONOUNCING THE VOWELS AND CONSONANTS OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.

1.

Rules for the Towels.

Any vowel at the end of an accented syllable, and

e,

9. Ch has the sound of k, but it is

consonant at the beginning of a word

silent before

a mute

as, Chtho'nia, pro-

nounced Tho'ni-a.
10. T, s, and c, before m, ie, ii, to, iu, and eu, preceded
immediately by the accent, in Latin words, as in English,
the final vowels of the first syllables have the same sound change into sh and zh. But when the t follows s, t, or z, or
as the corresponding vowels in the first syllables of the when the accent falls on the first of the vowels following,
the consonant preserves its pure sound
as. Sal-lus'ti-us,
English words pa'per, ce'dar, si'lent, co'lon, du'ty.

and u, at the end of an unaccented syllable, have the

long English sound as, Cw'to, Ce'crops, Di'do, So'lon,
Cu'mse, Me-lis'sa, Mo-los'sus, Tu-lin'gi ; in which words
o,

ending an unaccented syllable has the sound of a Brut'ti-i, Mil-ti'a-des, &c. T in the termination tion also
in fa' t her or in last ; as, Ga-bi'na, A-re'ne, pronounced retains its original sound as, The-o-do'ti-on.

2.

11. <S has, in general, the sound of s in this. Final s

has the long sound, as preceded by e, or a liquid, has the sound of z.
12. Initial x has the sound of z.
To'mi. At the end of initial unaccented syllables it varies,
13. Initial ph before a mute is silent as, Phthi'a, prosomewhat indefinitely, between i long, as I-u'lus, and i
Initial p before s is silent
as, Psy'clie,
short- (like i in pin), as in I-ta'li-a. In all other cases i nounced Tlii'a.
ending an unaccented syllable has its short sound, as in pronounced Sy'ke. Initial p before t is silent as, Ptol-emsR'us,
pronounced
Tol-e-mx'us.
pin.
14. At the beginning of words we frequently find the
4. Yis pronounced as i would be in the same situation.
5. 2E and ae. are pronounced as e would be in the same uncombinable consonants mn, tin, &c. as, Mne-mos'y-ne,
Tmo'lus, &c. These are to be pronounced with the first
situation.
6. If a syllable end in a consonant, the vowel has the consonant mute, as if written Ne-mos'y-ne, Mo'lus, &c.
short English sound; as, Bal'bus, Del'pki, Cin'na, Mos'Remark. 1. The termination eus, derived from the
cfius, Tus'cns, in which the vowels have the same sounds
as in the English words mariner, sel'dom, din'ner, scoffer, third detbnsion of Greek contracts in ev?, although usually
made
a single syllable in poetry, is resolved into two syllamus'ter.
bles in the Table.
This is also done by Walker and TrolException.
in final es is pronounced as in the falope is defended by Labbe and Carr and may be conceded
miliar proper name An'des (an'deez).
to the exigencies of poetry. The other syllabication, by which
Rl'LES FOR THE CONSONANTS.
eus has the sound of use as in the noun abuse, is also given
If. C before e, i, y, m, and a, is pronounced like s; be- and should be followed in pronunciation in all ordinary cases.
Gah-bi'nah, Ah-re'ne.

3. I ending a

final

syllable

fore a, o,

and

and before consonants,

2. The names in Italics are the Anglicized forms of the

as Ce'a,
classical names above them.
Each for himself must judge
Cii'mx.
followed by e, has whether to adhere to the classical pronunciation or not.
like

Cic'e-ro, Cy'prus,Cze'sar,Cceni-a, Ca'to, Co'cles,

G before

8.
y. m,cz, or another g
the sound of j ; before a, o, and u, and before consonants
ether than g, as above excepted, the hard sound, as in the
e,

?',

English words gave, gone ; as, Ge'lo, Gi-gan'tes, Gy-gse'us,

Ag'ger, Ga'bi-i, Gor'gi-ash Sa-gun'tum.

3. Diacritical marks are used,

in this

Vocabulary, to

in-

dicate the soft sounds of c, g, and 5, in some cases, as in Ag 'i-da'li-a, JE-ge'ri-a, A-ehil'les; also when n has the sountf

of ng, as in An'eho-ae.
87

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.

488
The abbreviations Pw.,

F., K., Pe.,

L., B., For., Sch., W., AT.,

and

Fac,

C, The

S., Py.,

Fr., stand, respectively,

Passow, Freund, KLotz,

Pape, Facciolati, Smith, Pauly, Can, Labbe, Btschoff
Mutter, Forbiger, Sckeller, Walker, Midler, and Frijlink.

for the following authorities, viz.,

A-cro fa-tus ,Py.L.

C. Py.

M.

A-ban'tes, 6
Ab'an-ti'a-deg, 6
A-ban'ti-as, 10
A-ban'tis
Ab'a-ris

Metapontus,
M-ne'is

Ac'ti-um, 10

iE'qui
iEr'o-pus, a

iE-o'li-a
iE-ol'i-dea,

life.

moun-

tain, C.

A-er'o-pus

Ad-nie'te

Ad-me'tus, C.

iEs'ehi-ne.; ,

Ab'a-tos
[CA-do'nis
iEs'chy-lus
Ab'da-lon'i-mus, S. Ad' ra-myt-te'um, or iE-so'pus
(JE'sop)
Ab'da-lon'y-mus
Ad'ra-inyt-ti'um
Ab-de'ra
Ad'ra-myt'ti-um
^-to'li-a
W. C. M.
A'bi-a
A'fer
Ad'ra-na, the Oder. Af'ii-ca
A'bi-i
Ab'i-la
A-dra'na, B. M. Af'ri-ca'nus
W.
Ab'o-bri'ca
Af'ri-cum
A-boec'ri-tus
Ad'ras-ti'a
A-bon'i-tei'hos
Ad'ras-ti'i Cam'pi
Ab'ra-da'tes., 6, C. A-dras'tus
W.
A'dri-an-op'o-lis

A-broc'o-mas[ S". W. A'dri-a'nus

A-bron'y-hus, C. A'dri-af i-cum
A-brot'o-nura
Ad'ri-me'tum

A-by'dus
Ab'y-la

Ac'a-de'mi-a

Ac'a-mas
A-can'thus

Al'ci-da-me'a
Al'ei-da'mus, Pe.
Al-ci'de!, 6

Al-cim'e-de
A-nail'car
Al-cim'e-don
Am'nii-a'nus
Al-cim'e-nei, 6
A' in or
Al'ci-mus
Am-phic'ra-tej, 6
Al-cin'o-us
Am-phic'tv-on,
Al'ci-phron, C. W.
Pw. Fr.
[6

An-dro'."e-us

An-drog'y-nsB
An-droui'a-th*1

An-drom'e-da
An'dro-ni'cus
An-droph'a-gi
An-dros'the-neg, 6
An'gli-a, L.
An-gli'a, W.
An'i-ce'tus
A-nic'i-us.lO.S.W:

An'ni-bal
An-tae'us
An-tag'o-ras
An-tal'ci-das

An-te'nor
An'te-ros

An-the'don
An'the-mis

Ag'a-tho

Al-cith'o-e

Am'phic-ty 'o-ne^

Alc-mae'on
Alc-rne'na
Al-cy'o-ne

(Am-pliic'ty-ons) An'thes-pho'ri-a
An'thes-te'ri-a, S.
Am'phi-ge-ui'a

Al'cy-o'ne-us, or
Al-cy'o-neus
A-lec'to
A-lec'tor
A-lec'try-on

Am-phin'o-mus
Am-phi'on

Ag'a-thon
[S. Ag'e-la'us

jEd'u

A-4e'nor
2E-e'ta, 2E-e'tas, or Ag'e-san'der
A-e'si-as, 10,

Pw.

W.

Am-phil'o-ehus

iE-gse'um

Ac'ci-a, 10

2E-ga'le-um

Cam'pus

A'ce

2E-ge'ri-a
JE-ges'ta
2E'e-us, or

Al'e-man'ni,
Al'e-ma'ni

and

A-le'si-a, 10,

-F.

JE-ga'le-os

A-ges'i-la'us
Ag'e-sip'o-lis
A'gis
A-cer'a-tus, C. S.
Ag-la'i-a (ag-la'ya)
A-cer'rae
Ag-te/us, K. Pi). S.
Ae'e-si'neg, 6
iE'geus
Ag'la-us, C.i-.M.
A-ces'te, 6
M'i,'\-\\'i\,,an island. Ag-nod'i-ce,
A-ehae'a
2E-giI'i-a, a demus
Pe. Sch. S. W.
A-ehae'i
in Attica, S.
Ag'no-di'ce, K.
A-ebaem'e-nej, 6
iE-sH'na
Ag'no-ni'a
Ah'ae-men'i-de>,
^Eg'i-ne'tes, 6
Ag-non'i-de_:,6
A-eha'i-a (a-ka'ya) iE-gi'ra
Ag'o-ra
A-eha'tei,6
.E-is'thus
Ag'o-ran'o-mi

An'lhe-us
[W
An'thro-poph'a-gi,
An-thvl'la

An'ti-cle'a
Am-phip'o-lis
An-tify-ra
Am'phis-bse'na
Am'phi-the- s'trum An-tig'e-neg, 6

Ac'ar-na'ni-a
A-cas'tus

Ah'e-lo'us

Am'a-zo'ni-us [S.
Am'bi-a-ti'nus, K.
Am'bi-at'i-nus,
Am-bi'o-rix [Fac.
Ani-bra'ci-a, 10
Am-bro'nes, 6
A-me'ri-a
A-mes'tra-tus
A-mes'tris

An-dab'a-tae
An-dop'i-deg, 6
An-dre'as
An'dri-a
An'dro-cle'a
An'dro-cieg, 6

A-gath'o-cle^, 6

W. A-ga'?e

JE-e'tei, 6

An-co'na

A-maz'o-nei, 6
(Am'a-znns)

Al-cim'ahus

de;, 6
Ag'a-nip'pe
Ag'a-re'ni

An-ci'le

Ani'a-zo'ni-a

Al-cid'a-uias
,

Am'a-ryl'lis

Am'a-ryn'thus
A-ma'sis

A-ma'zon
(Am'a-zon)

Al-ces'te, or
Al-ces'tis
Al'ci-bi'a-de^ , 6

Ag'a-me'de? 6

An-ehi'a-lus

An-ehim'o-lus
An-ehi'se^, 6

A-mas'trus
A-ma'ta

Al-can'der
Al-ce'nor

Ag'a-mem'non
Ag'a-memnon'i-

Am'al-thse'ft

Am'al-the'um
A-mar'a-cus

A-mas'tris

Al-ca3'us

um

Ad'u-at'u-ci

A-las'tor
Al ba'ni, or
Al-ben'ses, 6
Al-ba'ni-a
Al-bi'ni
Al'bi-on

Al-bu'ne-a

Ag'a-ris'ta
or Ad'ra-myt-ti'- Ag'a-tha
A-ga'thi-as, and
Ad'u-at'i-ci, or
Ag'a-thi'as

Ab'ys-si'ni, L. W. .a5-ac/i-de>, 6
[W. iE'a-cus
Ac'a-cal'lis
Ac'a-ce'si-us,10, S. ^E-an'ti-de*, 6,
A-ca'ci-us, 10, S.
.flS-di'le* ,6

Al'a-man'ni

(Al'a-ric)

iE'o-lus

Ad-her'bal

A-bru'po-lis, [S.W.
Ab'u-li'te^, 6, Py.

Rules of Pronunciation. The figure

example, appended to Abantes, refers to Rule 6,
which shows that the vowel in the last syllable has its
long English sound.
6, for

A-la'ni
Al'a-ri'cus

Ac-tae'a
Ac-tae'oa
Ac-tae'us
Ac'ti-a, 10
A-cu'si-la'us

A'bas

which follow certain words in the Vocabulary

,of Corinth, Al'a-ma'ni, or

A-crop'o-lis

Ab'a-lus,

figures

refer to corresponding

Am-phit'ry-on

An-tig'o-ne
An-tig'o-nus

Am-phi fry -o- ni 'a-

An'ti-lib'a-nus

A-le'i-us (a-le'yus) Am'phi-tri't

d ei ,6
W. A-myn'tas
A-myn'tor
Al'eu-a'dae. W.

An-til'o-thus

An-tim'a-chus
An-tin'o-us
An-ti'o-ehus

A'gra

Al'ex-an'der
A-nab'a-sis
(An'^'-orA)
Al'ex-an'dra
An'a-ehar'sis
An-ti'o-pe
A-lex'an-dri'a
A-na'cre-on
(Al'ex-an'dri-a)
[The established An-tip'a-ros
[W.
English pro- An-tip'a-ter
A-lex'an-dri'na
nunciation is An-tip'a-tris, L. C
A-lex'an-drop'o-lis
An-tiph'a-tes., 6
A-nac're-on .]
A-lex'as
An-tiph'i-lus
An'a-dy-om'e-ne
A-lex'is

Ag'ra-gas

Al'^i-dum

Ah'e-ron

iE'gon

A^h'il-le'is

A-hi'vi
Ac'i-eho'ri-us

iE'gos Pot'a-mi, or A-grau'li-a, S. W.

Pot'a-mos
A'gri-a'ne^, 6
iE'gus
A-gric'o-la

Af'i-da'li-a
A-cil'i-a

iE-gu'sa
m-yy'ti-i, 10

A-grip'pa
Ag'rip-pi'na

Ac-mon'i-de^, 6

jE'li-a

Ac'o-ris

iE'li-a'nus

A'gri-us
Ag'ro-las

Al'o-pe
A-lop'e-ce
Al'phe-si-boe'us

A'cra
A-cra'tus

^E'li-us
iE-mil'i-a

A'gron

Al-phe'us

A-hen'o-bar'bus

Ac'ri-doph'a-gi

An'ax-ip'o-lis

A-cris'i-o-ne'us
A-cris'i-us
A-cri'tas

iEm'i-li-a'nus
iE-mil'i-us
^E-ne'a-dae
iE-ne^-des., 6

Al-pi'nus
Al'si-um, 10
Al-thaB'a

A-nax'is

Al-thaem'e-neg, 6

An-ca^us

A'ly-at'tes

An-hi'a-la, or

A'cron

^-ne'aSj of Troy.

A'i-do'ne-us, or
A'i-do'neus, or
A-id'o-neus
A'ius (a'yus) Locu'ti-us, 10

An'a-phe
A-na'pus

Al'i-men'tus
Al'li-a

An'ax-ag'o-ras
W. An'ax-an'der

An'ti-phon
An'ti-phus
An-tip'o-deg, 6

An-tip'o-lis
Al-lob'ro-ie,6, [
Al-lu'ci-us, 10, S. An'ax-an'dri-de-;, 6 An-tis'the-neg,
An'ti-uni, 10
An'ax-e'nor

A-'ys'sus

A-nax'i-da'mus
A-nax'i-la'us

A-nax'i-man'der
An'ax-im'e-nes, 6

An-hi'a-lo

An-to'ni-a
An'to-ni'nus
An-to'ni-us
A-nu'bis

Anx'ur
A'on
Ap'a-tu'ri-a
A-pel'la
A-pel'leg, 6

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.

Ap'en-ni'nus
(Ap'en-nines)
Aph'ro-dis'i-a, 10
Apb'ro-di'te, or
Apb'ro-di'ta

A'ri-o-vis'tus

A-ris'ba
Ar'is-tse'us
Ar'is-tag'o-ras

Ar'is-tar'ehus

A-pic'i-us, 10

A'pis
A-pol'li-na'reg, 6

A-poPlo
A-poPPo-do'rus
Ap'ol-Po'ni-a

Ap'ol-km'i-deg, 6
Ap'ol-lo'ni-us
Ap-pPa-de^, 6

Ap'pi-a'nus
(Ap'pi-an)
Ap'pi-a YPa

A-ris'te-as
Ar'is-tPdeg, 6
Ar'is-tip'pus
A-ris'to-bu'lus
A-ris'to-cleg, 6 [S.
Ar'is-toc'ra-tes, 6,
A-ris'to-de'nius
A-ris'ro-gi'ton
Ar'is-toui'a-^be
Ar'is-toin'a-etaus

As-ter'o-pe, or
As'te-ro-pe'a
As-trae'a
As- tree' us
As-tu'reg, 6, C. S.
As-ty'a-geg, 6
As-ty'a-nax [S. L.

As-tyd'a-mas,
As'ty-da-niPa

Av'en-ti'nus
A-ver'nus, or

A-ver'na
A-vi'tus
A-zo'tus

Py.

B.

As'ty-lus
As-ty'lus, Pe.

As'ty-me-du'sa
As-tyrPo-me
As-ty'o-be, or

Bab'i-lua, S.

489

Ber'v-tus, see Fac.

Be-ry'tus, Fr. K.
Bi-a'nor
[Pw. L.
Bi-bac'u-lus
Bi-brac'te
Bib'u-lus
Bi'frons

Aux-e y si-a, 10

W.

Bac'eha-ua'li-a
Bae-than'teg, 6

Ar'is-tonPe-neg, 6
A-ris'ton
Ar'is-topb'a-neg, 6
A-ris'to-phon
Ar'is-tot'e-le>, 6
Ar'is-tox'e-nus
A'tax
A-rPus, or A'ri-as, A'te

Bi'on
Bi-saPtae
Bi-thyn'i-a

Ca'i-e'ta

Bi-tu^ri-geg, 6

Ca'i-us (ka'yus)

Blau-du'si-a, 10

CaPa-ber

BleuPmy-eg, 6

Ca-la'bri-a

Bo-ad'i-ce'a
Bo-a'gri-us

CaPa-is
Ca-la'nus,

Ca-i'cus

K.Pw.L.M.C.

Aq'ui-lo

; also, a place Bo-diPni, S. W.

Bo'e-dro'mi-a, C.
in Lesbos.
S.
Bac'ehi-us, a Roman gladiator. Boe-o'ti-a, 10
Bac-chyPi-de-, 6, Bo-e'thi-us
Bo'i-i
Py. s. w.
Bo'la
Bac'tri-a'na, or
Bol'bi-ti'num
Bac / tri-a'num

A-quPnas

Bast'i-ca

Bo-miPcar

Ba-go'as
Bag'ra-da, and
Bag'ra-das

Bom'o-ni'cae
Bo-no'ni-a
Bo're-as
Bo-rys'the-neg, 6
Brach-ma'riaB

Ap'pi-i

Fo'rum

A-prPlis
Ap'u-le'i-a (-le'ya)
Ap'u-le'i-us (-yus)
A-pu'li-a
Aq'ui-te'i-a (-le'ya)

ple

a river, C.
Ath'a-ma'neg, 6
A-rPus, or A'ri-us, Ath'a-mas
the heretic, Fr.
Atb-'a-na'si-us, 10
Aq'ui-ta'ni-a
Ar-me'ni-a
A-the y na
A-rab'i-cus
Ar-niiiPi-us
A-the'nae
Ar-mor'i-cae
Ath'e-nas'um
A-raeb'ne
A-ra'tus
Ar-no'bi-us
Ath'e-nag'o-ras
Ar'ba-ce:,6
Ar-pPnuni
A-the7 ue
Ar-be'la
Ar'ri-a'nus, Py. S A-the'ni-o, or
A-the'ui-on
Ar'be la, or Ar'be- Ar'sa-ceg, 6, F.
Fac. M.S. C. K. A-then'o-dc'rus
le, in Sicily.
Ar-ca'di-a
Ar-sa'ceg, Py. S. A'thos
Ar-ces'i-la'us

Ar-sap'i-dae

A-til'i-a

Ar'ebe-la'us
Ar'ehi-as
Ar'-ehi-da-mi'a

Ar'sa-mo-sa'ta, Py.
K. M. Fr.
Ar'sa-mos'a-ta, C.
Ar-sirPo-e
[S.
Ar'ta-ba'nus
Ar'ta-ba-za'neg . 0,
Ar'ta-vas'deg, 6
Ar'tax-erx'e-, 6
Ar/te-mi-do'rus
Ar'te-mis
Ar'te-mis'i-a, 10
Ar'te-niis'i-tuii, 10
Ar'te-niou
A'rurig
Ar-va'leg, 6
Ar-ver'ni
A'ry-an'deg, 6

A-til'i-us

Ar'chi-da'mus
Ar-ehiPo-chus
Ar^ebi-me'deg. 6
Ar'ehi-pePa-gus
Ar-hip'pus

Ar-ch

jn'teg, 6

Ar-ehy'tas
Arc-tu'rus
Ar'de-a
Ar'e-mor'i-ca
A-re'o-pa-gPtae
A're-op'a-gus
A're-op'o-lis
Ar'e-ta
ir'e-tae'us
Ar'e-taph'i-la
Ar'e-tas

As-caPa-phus

Ar'e-thu'sa

As'ca-lon, or
As'ca-lo
As-ca'ni-us

A're-us, or

As-cle'pi-e'a, or

A'reus

At/re-ba'teg,
C.

A-treb'a-te-,

A'tre-us, or

A'treus
A-tri'dae

At'ro-pos
At'ta-lus
At'ti-ca
At/ti-cus
At-tiPi-us
Au-fe'i-a (-fe'ya)
Au-fid'i-us
,

Au-ge'a^
Au'gu-re-. 6
Au'gus-ti'nus
(Au-g us' tine, An-

Ar'go-nau'tae
(Ar'go-nauts)
A'ri-ad'De
A'ri-ae'us
A-rip'i-a, 10

As-pa'si-a, 10
As-pa'si-us, 10

Ar-gPvi
Ar-gol'i-cus
Ar'go-lis

Ar'i-cPna
Ar'i-uia'zeg, 6,

A-rinPi-num

<S.

Au-re'li-us

Au-ro'ra
As/pa-thPneg,6,TF. Au'run'ci
As-path'i-neg, S. Au-so'ni-a
As'phal-tPteg, 6
Au'spi-ceg, 6

A-ri'o-bar-za'neg, 6, As-syr'i-a
Fr. Fac. S. L. As-tar'te
A'ri-o-ba r'za-neg, As-te'ri-a
As-te'ri-on
1, K. Py.
A-rPon
As-te'ji-US

F.

K.For.Py.S.M.

As-co'ui-us
gus' tin, and
As'dru-bal [C. Pe.
A us' tin)
As'i-ne, Fr. K. Py. Au-gus'tu-lus
A-sPne, Fac.
Au-gus'tus
A-sirPi-us
Au'lis
A-so'pus
Au-re/ li-a'nus
As-pam'i-tbreg, 6
(Au-re'li-an)

Ar'gip-pae'i

L.

6,

W.

Au-gi'as, or

Ar-gPa

A'trax

Au'ga

As-cle'pi-Pa
As'cle-pPa-deg 6
As-cle'pi-o-do'rus

Ar-gas'us

At-lan'teg, 6
At-lan'ti-deg, 6
A-tos'sa

Bai'ae (ba'ye)

Bal-bi'nus

(Brah'mavs)
Braeh-ma'nes, 6

Ba'le-a'reg, 6

Bar'a-thrum

Cae-nPna
Cae'nis
Cae're
Cae'gar
Cass'a-re'a
Cae-sa'ri-o
Caes'a-ro-du'nuiii

Bac-^bPa-dae
Bac-^hi'uin, a tem- Boc'^bo-ris

As'ty-o-ehi'a
As-tvpb/i-lus
As'y-ehis, S. W.
At/a-lan'ta
At/a-ran'teg,
A-tar'ga-tis

Cae'nae

Bar'ba-ri
Bar-ba/ri-a
Bar-bos 7 tbe-neg, 6

Bran'hi-dae

CaPa-nus, S. Py.
CaPau-re'a, and
CaPau-ri'a
Ca-lau'ri-a
Ca'le
Cal-e-do'ni-a
Ca-le'nus
CaPe-ti
Ca-lid'i-us, S. W.
Ca-lig'u-la
CaPli-as, Py. S. W.
CaPli-cles, 6
Cal-lic'ra-teg, 6
CaPli-crat'i-das

CaPlim / a-bus
Cal-li'0-pe

Bras'i-das

CaPli-o-pe'a
CaPli-pa-ti'ra

Brau'rou

CaPli-phon

Bar-cas'l
Bar-dyl'lis
Bar-gu'si-i, 10

Bri-a^e-us, or

Cal-lip'o-lis

Brig / an-ti'uus

Cal-lir/bo-e
Cal-lis'the-neg, 6

Ba'ri-um

Bri-se'is

Cal-lis'to

Bri'a-reus

Bri-tan'Di
Bas'i-le'a. or
Bas'i-li'a,
name (Bril'ons)
of a city (Ba- Bri-tan'oi-a
sel),

Cal-lis'tra-tus
Cal-lix'e-na

Cal-pur'ni-us
[ W.
CaPu-sid'i-us, S.

a goddess, Bri-tan'ni-cus

and an

island. Brit'o-mar'tis
Ba-siPi-a (Easel), Brix-el'lum
S.
BruCte-ri
Bas'i-li'dae
Brun-du'si-um, 10
Bas'i-li'deg, 6
Bru'ti-i, 10, or
Ba-siPi-us,
and Brut'ti-i
Bas'i-li'us
( St. Bru'tus
Basil)
Bu-cepb'a-lus
Ro- Bu-coPi-ca
Bas'i-li'os, a

man

name, For. Bu'pha-gus

Bas^i-lus (also St.

Basil)
Bas-sar'i-deg, 6
Bas-tar'nae, and
Bas-ter'uaa
Ba-ta'vi
Ba-ta'vi-a

Bat/ra-cho'my-oma'ebi-a
Bau'cis
Beb'ry-ceg, and
Be-bry'ceg, 6

BePgi-um

Bel-lo-'na

Bel-lov'a-ci

Be'lon
Au-toch^ho-neg, 6 Be'lus
Au-toi'y-cus
Ben'e-Ten'tum

Au-tom'e-don

Ber'e-ni'ce

Ber'o-e
Be-ro'sus

Ca-lyp'so
Cam'a-ri'na, or
Cam'a-ri'ne

Cam-by 'seg, 6
Cam'e-ri'num
Cam'e-ri'nus
Ca-miPla
Ca-miPlus
Ca-mi/ro
Ca-moe'nae

Cam-pa'ni-a

Pw. Cam-pas' pe
Ca'na

Bu'zy-ges, Fr. W. Ca-na'ri-i

By/blis
Can'da-ce
By-za'ci-um, 10
Can-dau'leg, 6
By-zan'ti-um, 10
Ca-neph'o-ri
Ca-nic'u-la'regjG
Ca-nid'i-a
Ca-nid'i-us, S. W.
Ca-nin'i-us
Ca'ni-us, 5.

S.W. Ca-bPra

Bel-ler'o-phon

Au-tonVe-neg, 6
Au-ton'o-e

Bu'tes^
Bu-tor'i-dej, 6

Bu'zv-geg, K.

CaPy-don

C.

BePgi-ca
BePi-sa'ri-us,

Bu-si'ris

CaPy-ce

Can'ta-bri
Can-ta'bri-a
Can't.ha-rus

Cad-me'a
Ca?-ciPi-us
Cae-ci'na
Caec'u-lua

Can'ti-um, 10
Ca-nu'si-um, 10
Ca-pePla
Ca-pe'na
Cap'e-tus

Cas'li-us

Cap'i-to

Ca-du'ce-us, 10
,

Ca-no'pus

Ca-bPri
Ca'ca
Ca'eus

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.

490
Cap'i-to-li'nus

Oap'i-to'li-um
Cap'pa-do'ci-a, 10
Ca'pre-ae

Cen-tu'ri-a
Ceph'al-le'ni-a

Cepb/a-lus
Ce'phe-us, or

Cap'u-a

Ce-phis'o-do'rus
CeplPi-sod'o-tus

Car'a-cal'la

Ce-phPsus, or

Ca-rac'ta-cus
Ca-rau'si-us, 10.

Ce-phis'sus
Cer'a-mi'cus
Cer'a-sua
Ce-rau'ni-a
Ce-rau'ni-i
Cer'be-rus
Cer'cy-on

W.

Car-cPnus
Car'di-a, Py. ft
Ca'reg, 6
Ca'ri-a

Ca-rPnae

Chrys'os-tom)
Chry-soth'e-mis

Cic'e-ro
Cic'o-neg, 6

10
Cim / bri-cu8
Cim-me'ri-i
Ci-lic'i-a,

Cim-me'ri-um

CPmon
Cin'cin-na'tus
Cin'e-as
Cin-get'o-rix
Ci'nyps, and

Car-me'lus
Car'mel)
(

Ce-rin'thus
Ce-the'gus

Car'men-ta'leg, 6
Car-ne'a-deg, 6
Car-nu'teg, 6

Ce'us
Ce'yx
C'hae're-as

Car'pa-thus

^hae-re'mon

Ci-vi'lis

Ca'ry-at'i-deg ,6, pi. haPy.-bon,

Ca-rys'tus
Cas'i-li'num
Ca'si-us, 10

Cas7 pi-i
Cas'pi-um

Cle'mens

Cas'si-ve-lau'nus

and

Cha-riPlus
Cha-ris'i-a, 10

accepted English pronuncia-

Cha'rops,

Cat'i-Une)
(
Ca'to

-Gha-ryb'dis

Ca-tuPlus

^hau'bi, and

Ce'beg,6

Ce-cPna

and

Char'o-peg, 6

is

the

Cle-op'a-tris
Cle-os'tra-tus

Clep'sy-dra
Clin'i-as,
Cli'o

K. W.

Cyr'si-lus

Cyprus
Cy-the'ra
3
[

Co'tys
Co-tyt'to

Cran'a-us

Cra'non

Crem'e-ra

Cre-mo'na
Cre'on

D.

Cri-the'is
Cri'to

Ghe'ops

Clos'li-a

Crit'o-bu'lus

Dau'a-us
Da-nu'bi-us
(Dan'vbe)

Cher-sid'a-mas

Clu'a-ci'na

Dapb'ne-pbo'riCrit'o-la'us
ft W,
Cro-by'zi, Py. Sch.
Croc'o-di-lop'o-lis
Dai-dan'i-deg, (

-GhePo-ni'tis

-ehePo-noph'a-gi

[W. Gher'so-tie'sus, or
Gher'ro-ne'sus

Che-rus'ci
Chi-mae/ra
-GhPos

Clu-si'ni

Clym/e-ne

Dan'a-e
Dan'a-i
Da-na'i-deg, 6

Clym'e-ne'i-deg, 6

Crce'sus

Dar'da-nus

ClynVe-nus

Da'rr-us, or

Ce-lae'no
Ce'Ier

hlo'e
blo/rfs

Coc-ce'i-us
(-se'yus)

CePe-reg, 6
Ce'le-us

Gho'as-peg, 6

Co/cle;^

Cte-sib'i-us,

-Ghcer'i-lus

Co-cy'tus

Ctes'i-phon, 14

CePti-be'ri
Cel-tos'cy-thae

eho-roe'bus

Co-drop'o-lis

Chro/nos

Co'drus

Cu'ma, or Cn'maa
Cu-pPdo

Cen'ehre-ae
Cen-ehre'is
Cen-so'res, 6
Cen'so-ri'nus
Cen-tau'ri
Cen-tro'neg, 6
Cen-tuuPvi-ri

Chry'sa

CceFe-syr'i-a, and
Coel / o-syr'i-a

hPron

yhry-sa'or
Chrys'a-or, C.
Ghry-se'is
Chry'seg, 6
Ghry-sip'pus

Ghry-sog'o-nus

Clyt'em-nes'tra
Coc'a-lus

S.

W.

D:i ri'us

Dat'a-piier'neg
Dau'lis

Dau'ni-a
De-cap'o-liR
De'ci-ns, 10
De-cu'ri-o
De-i'a-ni'ra

De-id'a-mi'a

Co'hors

Cu'reg, 6
Cu-re'teg, 6
Cu'ri-a

Col-la'ti-a, 10

Cu'ri-a'ti-i,

CoVla-ti'nus

Cu'ri-o

Col-li/na
Co-lo'nse

Cu-ri'o-so-li'tae

De'li-us
De'los

Cur'ti-us, 10

Del-pbic/o-la

De-i'o-ceg, 6
De'i-ot'a-rus

10

(Di'an)

Dic-tanVnum
Dic-ta'tor
Did'i-us

Di'do

Di'o-cle'tian

Di-og'e-neg, 6

Cli'tus
Clo'a-ci'na

he-lo'ne

[The established
English pronunis
Di-

ciation
an'a.]

DPo-do'rus

Cli-tum/nus

Cli-tar'chus
Cli-ton'/a-^hus

Di-a'na

DPo-cle'ti-a'nus

Daemon

Clis'the-neg, 6

t^ha-u'ci
hePi-do'ni-ae

Di-a-mas'ti-go'sis

Di-es'pi-ter
Di-noc'ra-teg, 6

Dal -ma' ti -a, 10

Dal-mat'i-cus
Dam'as-ce'ne
Da-mas'cus
Dam'o-cleg, 6

Crat'y-lus

Di-a'lis

Cyz'i-cum

Da'ci-a
Dac'ty-li
Dsed'a-la
Dasd'a-lus
Dae'raon

Crat'e-rus
Cra'teg. 6
Cra'tbis
Cra-ti'nus

Der'ce-tis

Der-to'na
Deu-ca'li-on
Di-ag'o-ras

Cyth'e-re'a

W. Cyz'i-cus

Cos-su'ti-i, 10, S.
Cot'i-so
Cot'ti-83

Cro/phi
Cro-to'na
Crus'tu-me'ri-a, or
Crus'tu-nie'ri-um
Cte'si-as, 10, 14

Ce-cro'pi-a
Ce-crop'i-dae
Ce'crops

Cyr'il)

Cre-opb'i-lus
Cre-u'sa
Cri-mi'sus
Cris-pi'nus

(Shau'ci

Ce-bre'ni-a, Sc/i.

[This

tion.]

)ha-ron / das

Cav'a-reg, 6
Ca-ys'ter, or
Ca-ys'trus

C.

Fr

W.
Char/mi-deg, 6
-Ghar-mPo-ne

Cat'i-li'na

Cau-co'neg^
Cau'di-um
Cau'nus

Pw.

K. M. Py.

Cle'o-pa'tra, F.

Cat'a-na

Cau'ca-sus

Cle-op'a-tra,

Cor'v-don

Char'i-teg,
Ghar'i-ton, Py. C.

Tons -eha'ron

Cat'u-lus

Clem'ent)
Cle'o-buMus
Ole-om'bro-tus
Cle-om/e-neg, 6
(

{Shar'i-la'us,

Cas'si-ter'i-deg,
Cas'si-us, 10

Cas-ta'li-a, or
Cas-ta'li-us

!ha'oa
t'ha'reg, 6

Con' stan-tine)

Cyn'o-su'ra
Co'pi-a
Cyn'o-sure)
(
Cor'bu-lo
Cyn'thi-a
[nus Cyn'thi-us
Cor-cy'ra
Cor'cy-ra, Avie- Cyp'ri-a'nus
Cor'du-ba
Cyp'ri-an)
Co-rin'na
Cy'pms
Co-rin'thus
Cyp'se-lus
CCri-o-la'nus
Cyr'e-na'i-ci
Co-ri'o-li
Cy-re'De
Cor-ne'li-a
Cy-riPlus
(

Cor'ni-ger
Cor'o-ne'a, or
Cor'o-ni'a
Cor'si-ca
Cor-vi'nus
Cor'y-ban'teg,

Clau'di-op'o-lis

Cla-zom'e-nae
Cle-an'theg, 6

W.

Cas'si-o-do'rus, 10
Cas-sPo-pe, or
Cas'si-o-pe'a,10

Clau'di-a
Clau'di-a'nus
Clau'di-an
(

Py.W. Clau'di-us

tJhar'i-cleg, 6, ft

Cas-san'der
Cas-san'dra

Cla'rus, or Cla'ros

ChaPy-bo-ni'tis
Cha-o'ni-a

[C.W

DePphi-cus

Cyn'o-ceph'a-laa
Cyn'o-sar'geg, 6

no'ple)

Sch. ft
Cin'y-ras
Cir-cen'seg Lu'di
Cis'se-us, or
Cis'seus
Ci-thae'ron

Cy-a'ne-ae

Cy'a-ne

Con'stan-ti'nus

Cin'y-phus,

Ce're-a'li-a
Ce'reg, 6

Ghaer'o-ne'a
{Shal-ce'don
ChaPce-do'ni-a
Car-tha'go
^hal-dae'a
Car'thage)
Car-yiPi-us, ft W. haPy-beg, 6

Cu-ru'lis

CoPo-phon

Ca-rPnus

Car-thag'i-ni-en'se

Co-lo'ne
Co-lo'ni-a

Del-phin/i-um, ft
Dem'a-des, 6
Co-los'sus
Cy-ax^-reg, Py. W.
Fac. W.
Col'u-mel'la
[lis Oyb'e-le
De-ma' de, 6
Co-luni'nae Her'cu- Cyc'la-deg, 6
Fr. K. Py. Pw.
Co-ma'na
Cy-clo'peg, 6
,
DenVa-ra'tus
Corn'mo-dus
De-me'tri-as
( Cy' clops)
Cyd'i-as, S, Sch
(Vmus
De-me'tri-us
Con-cor'di-a
Cyd'o-ne'a
DenVo-ce'deg, 6
Co/non
Cy'raa, or Cy'mae
De-mo ch/a-reg, 6
Con-stan 'ti-a, 10
Cyn'as-gi'rus
De-moc'ri-tus
Con-stan' ti-nop'o- Cyn'e-as
De-moph'o-on
lis
Cy-ne'teg, 6
De-mos'tbe-neg, 6
Con-stan'
tiCyn'i-ci
Der'ce-to,
or
(

Cib'a-lae

Ce-phis'i-a, 10

Cap'ri-corn)
lap'ro-ti'na
(

Chry-sos'to-mus

t'htho'ni-a, 14

Ce'pheus

^ap'ri-cornus

ft

De-iph/o-bus

DPo-me'de
DPo-me'deg, 6
(Di'o-med)
Di-o'ne
DPo-nae'a
Di'o-nys'5-a, 10
Di'o-ny-si'a-deg, 6

DPo-ny-sip'o-lis
DPo-nys'i-us, 10

Di'o-phan'tus
Di'os-cor'i-deg, 6

Py. ft
DPos-cu'ri
Di-os'po-lis
Dip'o-Iis
Dis-cor'di-a
Div'i-ti'a-cus

Div'o-du'rum
Do-do'na
Do-don'i-deg, 6

DoPa-bePla
DoPo-peg, 6
Do-mit'i-a, 10

Do-mi t'i-a'nus,
Do-mi' tian)

10

Do-na'tus
Do'reg, 6
Do'ri-on
Dor'y-lae'um
Dra'co
Drep'a-na. o?

Drep'a-num
Dru'i-dae

(Dru'ids)

Dry 'a -de*,

6,

(Dry' ads)
Dry'o-peg, 6
Du-iPli-us

Du-lieh'ium

Dum/no-rix

Fac

[W

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.

Glau'cua

Faus-ti'na
E-rig'o-nus^ man. Faus'tu-lus
Er'i-go'nus, a river. Fav'o-ri'nus
E-rin'nys
Fe'ci-a'le* 6
E-rig'o-ne

E.

EJa'o-ra'cum
Py. Fac. L. For. E'ris
Er'i-sieb'tbon
B. Sch.
E'ros
Eb'u-ro'ne*, 6
E-ros'tra-tus
Eb'u-sus
Er'y-ci'na
E-bu'sus
Ec-bat'a-na, 5. W. Er'y-man'tbus
Er'y-the'a, or
E-sbid'na
Er'y-tbi'a
E-ehin'a-de^, 6
Er'v-tbrae
E-ebi'on

E'eho

E'ryx

E-des'sa, or
E-de / sa

Es-quil'i-ae

Fe-lip'i-tas
Fe-ra'li-a

Fer'en-ti'num
Fe-re'fcri-us

Fi-de'na, or
Fi-de'nae
Fi'des, 6

Fla-min'i-a
Fla'vi-a
Flo-ra'li-a
Flo-ren'ti-a, 10
(Flor'ence)
Flo'ri-a'nus
Fon-te'i-us (-yus)

Es'qui-li'nus

Ilepb'aes-ti'aja/es- Ho-ra'ti-us 10

Gor'di-a'nus
( Gor'di-an)
Gor'di-us
Gor'gi-as
Gor'go-nes, 6
Gor-ty'na, and
Gor-ty'ne
Go'tbi
(Goths)
Gra-di'vus
Grje'ci-a, 10
Gra-ni'cus
Gra'ti-SB, 10
Gra'ti-a'nus, 10
Gy'a-rus, and
Gy/a-ros

tival.

K.

Gym-na'si-um 10

E-tru'ri-a
E-lae'a
El'a-gab'u-lus [W. E-trus'ci

For-tu'na

Gym-nos'o-pbis'tae

Fo'rum

E-le'i

El'e-phan'tis

Eu-boe'a
Eu-bo'i-cus
Eu-bu'li-deg, 6
Eu-bu'lus
Eu-cli'de-, 6
Eu-do'ci-a,

&

El'eu-sin'i-a

Eu-er'ge-tse

Eu-ge'ni-us

E-leu'sis
E-leu'tbe-rae
El'eu-the'ri-a

Eu'me-nc;, G
/
me-ni'a
Eu-men'i-de-, 6
Eu'pa-tor
Eu'pha-e;, 6

Ga'bi-i

El'y-ma'ia
E-lys'i-um, 10

Eu-phor'bus

Gal'a-tse
Gal'a-te'a

Eui-ped'o-cle^, 6

Eu-pbra'nor

En-cei'a-dus

Eu-phra'te^, 6
Eu-phros'y-ne

El'pi-ni'ce

Ea-dym'i-oa
E-nip'e-us, or

E-ni'peus
En'ni-us
En-teFlus

E-nyo
E'os
E-pam/i-non'das
E-pe'us
Epb'i-al'te^, 6
Eph'o-ri

Epb'y-ra
Ep'i-ehar'mus
Ep'ic-te'tus
Ep'i-cu-re'i
(Ep'i-cu-re'ans)

Ep'i-cu'rus
Ep'i-dau'ri-a
Ep'i-dau'rus
E-pig'o-ni
Ep'i-men'i-def, 6
Ep'i-me'tbe-us, or
Ep'i-me'theus
Ep'i-pba-ne'a
E-piph'a-ne^, 6
E-pi'rus
Ep'o-red'o-rix

Eu-pbo'ri-on

Ily-ae'i-a (-je'yL)

Hj

"

Hyni'e-naa'us
Ily-uiet'tus

Hyp'a-nis
Hyp'er-bo're-i, and
Hy-per'bo-re'i
Hvp'e-ri'deg, 6, or
Hy-per'i-deg
Ilyp'e-ri'on

(Hy-pe'ri-on)
Ilyp'erm-nes'tra
Hyp-sic'ra-teg, 6
Hyp-sip'y-le
Hyr-ca'ni-a
Hy-ri'e-us, or

Hyr'i-eus
Hys-tas'peg, 6

Har-py'i-ae (-ye)
( Har'pies)

lle-si'o-dus
( He'si-od)

Ha-rus'pex
Has'dru-bal
lle'be

He-si'o-ue
Hes-pe'ri-a
Hes-per'i-de^, 6

He'brus

Hes'pe-rus

Hec'a-tae'us

He-ayb / i-us

Gan-gar'i-dae

Hec 7 a-te

Gan'y-me'des, 6
Gan'y-mp^le)
Gar-'a-man'te^, 6
Gar-ga'nua
Gar-ga'rus

Hec^-ba

He-tru'ri-a
Hi-ber'ni-a

Gal'li-cus
Gal'li-e'nus
Gal-lip'o-lis
GaKlo-grae'ci-a, 10

He-ge'mon, and

I.
I-ac'ehus
I-al'y-sus

I-am'be
I-am'bli-cbas
Fa-pyg'i-a
I-ar'bas
I'a-sis

I-ax'ar-teg, 6
I-be'ri
I-be'ri-a

I-be'rus
Ib'y-cus
I-ca'ri-a
I-ca'ri-us
Ic 7 a-rus

Hi'e-ro

I-ce'ni, For. W.
Isb'tby-opb'a-gi

Heg/e-sip'pus

Hi-er'o-cle^O

I-cil'i-ua

Eu-rys'tbeus
Eu'ry-tus
[on. Ge^la

llel'e-na

I-co'ni-um
I'da

Eu-se'bi-a, a wom- Gel'li-us

Eu/se-bi'a, a city.
Ge'lo or Ge'lon
Eu-se'bi-us
Gem'i ni
Eu-sta'thi-us, 5. W. Ge-ne'va, 17. L. Fr,
Eu-ter'pe
K. Sch. M.
Eu-thyc'ra-te*, 6
Gen'e-va, For.

He-li'a-deg, 6
Hel'i-ce

Hi/e-ron'y-ruus
(Jer'ome)
Hi'e-ro-sol'y-ma
(Je-ru 1 sa-lem)

Eu-tro'pi-us

Ge'ni-ns

Hip'pa-sus

Eux-i'nus Pon'tus
E-vad'ne
E-van'der

6en'u-a

l.
HVli-op'o-lis
He'li-os
Hel-le'nej, 6

Hip 7 pi- us
Hip'po-cen-tau'ri
Hip-poc'ra-tei, 6
Hip'po-cre'ue

Eu-rys'fche-us

or

Ge-or'gi-ca
(

Ge.or'gics)

F.

E^a-to
Er^a-tos'the-ne^, 6
Er'e-bus
E-reeb'the-us, or
E-reeh'tbeus

Fa'bi-i
Fa-bric'i-us, 10
Fges'u-lae
Fa-le'ri-a

E-re/tri-a

Fa-ler'nus

Er'ieh-tho'ni-us
E-rid'a-nus

Fau'na
Fau/nuS

Ger-ma / ni-*.
Ger'ma

Heg'e-mon
IleFe-nus

HeFi-con
He'li-o-do'rus

Hi'e-rap'o-lis

Hi-la'ri-us
(Hil'a-ry)

Hi-mil'co
Ile'li-o-gab'a-lus,
He'li-o-ga-ba'lus, Hip-par' ehus

HePles-pou'tus

Ger-go'vi-a

E-quirl-a
Eq'ui-te*, 6
Er'a-sis'tra-tus

Gal'i-lae'a
( Gal'i-lee)
Gal'li-a

Eu-ry'a-lus
Eu-ryd'a-tuas
Eu-ryd'i-ce
Eu-ryin'e-don
Eu-rys'tbe-neg, 6

Iler-mog'e-nei, 6

Ga-bi'nus
Gardes, 6
Gad'i-ta'nus

Ga-le'sus

Eu/rus

Si'nus

Ha'dri-a'nus
(Hn'dri-an)
Pe. S.
Ha'dri-at'i-cum
Her-mun/du-ri
Hse / mo-ni-a
K. Fac. For. F.
Hal-cy'o-ae
He-ro'deg, 6
HaKi-car-nas'sus
Her'od)
Ha'lys
Ham'a-dry'a-de-, 6 He-ro'di-a'nus
(He-ro'di-an)
Ham' a-dry-ads)
(
He-rod'o-tus
Ha-inil'car
Ile'roa
Han'ni-bal
ller'o-op'o-lis
Har-mo'di-us
lle-ropb'i-la
Har'pa-gus,
Ile-roph'i-lua
Py. C. W.
llor-siFi-a
Har-pal'y-ce
ller'u-li
Har-poc'ra-te^, 6

Ga-le'ri-us

Eu'po-lis
Eu-rip'i-deg, 6

Her-mi/o-ne
Her'mi-ou'i-cus

Her'mo-la'us
Her'nio-ti'mus
Her'mun-du'ri,

Ga-le'nus
(Ga'len)

Eu-ri'pus
Eu-ro'pa
Eu'ro-pge'us
Eu-ro'tas

Hy-enip'sal

Her'mo-do'rus

H.

Fu'ri-ae
Fu'ries)
(

G.

Eu

Her-cyn/i-a
He-ren'ni-us
Her-mapb'ro-di'tus
Her'me-si'a-nax

Her-moc'ra-te^, 6

Fu-ga'li-a
Ful'vi-us

10,

Hy'drus

Her-mip'pus

W.

El'eu-si'nus

E'lis

10

Fris'i-i,

Hyd'ra-o'teg,

Iler-cu'le-urii

He^mi-as

(Jy-iip'pus

Hy'dra

Her/cu-les, 6

Her-mi'as

For'mi-as

<S.

Hor-ten'si-us, 10

Hy'a-cin'thus
Hy'a-deg, 6

Hy'bla
Her'cu-la'ne-um
Hy-dar'neg, 6
Her/cu-la-ne'um, Hy-das/peg, C

E-te'o-cleg, 6
E'don
E-do'ne*, 6, Tkra- E-te'o-clus
cians
E-te'si-ae, 10

El'a-phe-bo'li-a,
El'a-te'a
E'le-a
E-lec'tra
E-lec'trv-on

(Hor'ace)

He-ph^s'ti-on, 10
Her'a-cle'a
Her'a-cli'dae
Her'a-cli'tus

BLel-lo'tia

He-lo'rus
(
Ger-man/i-c^^,
He'los
Ger-ma'ni-i, a Per- HeAo'tse, and
sian people, S.
He-lo'tef 6
(He'lots orHel'Ge'ry-on, and
ots)
Ge-ry'o-nes, 6
Hel-Te'ti-i, 10
Ge'ta
HeKvi-i
Ge'tae
Gi-gan'tej, 6
He-phaes'ti-a, 5, c
Glau-co/pis
town.
^

Hip-'pi-as

Hip'po-da-mi'a
Hip-pol 7 y-te
Hip-pol'y-tus
Hip'po-mol'gi
Hip-po'nax

I'das

I-dom'e-neus
Id'u-me'a
Tl'i-a

I-li'a-cus
Tl'i-as
I-li'o-ne, or
I-li'o-na
I-lis'sus
Il'i-tby'i-a (-ya?

Il'i-um, or Il'i-oo.
11-lyr'i-a

Il-lvr'i-cum
Iin'a-us

I-ma'us,
Im'bros
IiVa-ehns

His-pa'ni-a

I-nar'i-me

His-ti'ae-o'tis

Ho-me'rus
Ho'mer)

In'ci-ta'tus
In'di-ge'teg,
ple.

H6-ra'ti-ajA0

I'BO

a peo-

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.

492
I-no'pua
In'ta-pher'nei, 6

La-be'ri-us
La'bi-e'nua

In'ter-am'na

Lab'y-rin'tbua

Lep'ti-neg, 6

Vo
Laf'e-dae'raon
Fo-\aa, or Fo-la'ua Lag'e-dae-mo'cM ,or
I'on
I-o'ni-a
I'o-pe
Ipb'i-clua, or
Ipb'i-cleg, 6
I-phic'ra-teg, 6
Ipb'i-ge-ni'a
I'phia
Ipb'i-tua
Ir'e-nae'us
1-re'ne
I-sje'us
I-aau/ri-a
Ia'i-do'rua

M.

Le'the
Leu'caa
Leu'ce
Leu-cip'pus

Ma-ca're-us, or
Mac'a-reus

Lap'e-daem 'o-neg Leu'con

La^'e-rie-mo'- Leu-co'tbe-a
(
Leu-coth'o-e
ni-ans)
Lex-o'vi-i
Li-ba'ni-us, S.

Ma-ca'ri-a

Ma^'e-do

Ma-eha'on
Ma'cri-a'nus

Me-lan'thi-us

Mne-moa'y-ne, 14

Ma-cri'iius
Ma-cro'bi-i

Me-lan'tbua

Ma-cro'bi-us
Mae-an'der
Mae-ce'naa
Maen'a-lua

Me'le-a'ger, K. F.
S. Sclu
Me-le'a-ger, C.

Mnea'the-us, or
Mnee'theua, 14
Mo-dea'tua

Mae-on'i-de;, G
Mae-o'tia Pa^ua

Me'le-ag'ri-deg, 6
Me'leg, 6
Mel'e-sig'e-neg, 6
Mel'i-boe'us
Me-iia'aa

Ma'cjer

La'don

Li-ber'tas

Lae'li-a'nua

Lib'i-ti'na

Lae'li-ua
La-er'teji, 6

Lib'y-a
Li'ehaa

Laea-tryg'o-neg, 6
Lae-vi'nua

Li-cin'i-a
Li-ciiyi-us

La'gua

Li^'i-nua

I'sis

La'ia

Li-ga'ri-ua

la-me'ne

La/ mi-a

W. Maf'e-don'i-cus

Lig'u-reg, G
Lam'pe-ti'a, a city. Li-gu'ri-a
Lil'y-bae'um
Is-me'nus, son of Lam / pe-to
Apollo
Lam-prid/i-ua M'- Lin'go-neg, 6
Lip'a-ra
Ia'me-nus, a Chian
li-us
Li'ria
I-aoc'ra-teg , 6
Lam'pro-cleg, 6
lath'mi-a (lat/mi-a) Lamp'aa-cus, and Lif/y-er'aaa
ls-me'iii-as

Lamp'aa-ebum
La'mus

Ia'tri-a
I-ta'li-a
(It'a-ly)

Lan'go-bar'di

I-taM-cus

La-nu'vi-um

It/a-lua

La-oc'o-on
La-od'a-mi'a

Itb'a-ca
Ith'o-mae'a

Lit'y-er'seg, 6

Liv'i-us

Liyiy)
Lo'cri
Lo-cua'ta
(

La-od'i-ce'a

Lon-din'i-um
Lou-gim'a-nua
Lon-gi'nus

It/u-rae'a

La-oin'e-don

Ftys

La-oin'e-don-ti'adae
Lap'i-thae
La-reu'ti-a, 10
La' res, 6
Lar'ti-ua, 10, S. W.

Lon'go-bar'di
(Lorn' bards)
Lor/gu-la

Lat/e-ra'nua
Lat'er-an)
(
La-te'ri-um
La'ti-a'lis, 10

Luc-ce'i-us (-yus)
Lu'ce-reg, 6
Lu-ci-a'nus, 10
Lu'ci-fer

Ja-co'bua
(James)
Jap'e-tua
Jo-se'phua

La-ti'ni

Lu-cil'i-us

La-ti'nua
La'ti-um, 10

Lu-ci'na

Lat'o-bri'gi

Lu-cre'ti-a, 10
Lu-cre'ti-us, 10

Jo'vi-a'nua
(Jo'vi-an)
Ju-das'a

La-t<yna

Lu-cuPlua

Lau'aua

Lug-du'num

La-ver'na

(Ly'ons)
Lu-per'cal

I-u'lua
Ix-i'on
ix'i-on'i-deg.

Ju-gur'tha
Ju'li-a'nua
(Ju'li-an)
Ju'li-i
Ju'li-op'o-lis

Ju'li-us
Ju'ni-a

Ju'no
Ju'pi-ter
Jua-tin'i-a'nus
(Jus-tin'i-an)
Jua-ti'nua
(Jus' tin)
Ju've-na'lis
(Ju've-nal)

Ju-ver'na

La-vin'i-a
La-vin'i-ura, or

La-vi'num
Le-an'der
Leb'a-de'a
Leb'e-dua, or
Leb'e-doa

Le-chae'um
Le'da
Le-dae'a
Lel'e-geg, 6
Le'lex

Lu-ca/m-a
Lu-ca/ nus
Lu'can
(

Lu'per-ca'li-a
Lu'ai-ta'ni-a
Lu-ta/ti-us, 10
Lu-te'ti-a, 10

Ly-ca'on
Lya'a-o'iii-a
Lyc'i-a, 10

Lyp'i-das
Ly-cis'cua
Lyc'o-me'deg, 6

Mag-uen'ti-us, 10
Mag-ne'ai-a, 10

Ma'go
Ma-har'bal
Ma'i-a (ma'ya)
Ma-jes'taa

Me'laa

Fac.

MoeMa
Moe/ai-a, 10
Mo-loa^si

Mo-loa'aua

Mo'inua

Mo'na
Mo-nas'aeg, 6

Mo-ne'ta

Me^i-ta, orSlel'i-te Mon'i-ma

Mon-ta'nua
Me'li-us
Mon'y-ehua
Me'loa

Ma-mer'cus

Mel-pom'e-ne

Mop'si-um, 10

Mam'er-ti'ni
Ma-mil/i-ua

Mem/mi-a

Mor'i-ni

Ma-m u^i-us

Mem-phi'tis

Mor^phe-us, or

Man-c^ous

Me-naFcaa

Man/e-tbo

Men'a-lip'pe

Mor'pbeua
Mo'sa

Ma-nil'i-ua

Me-nan'der

Moa^v-noe'ci

Man-aue'tua
Man'tu-a
Mar'a-thon

Me-nec'ra-te-*, 6

MuFci-ber

Meire-de'mua

Mu-na'ti-ua, 10

MeD'e-la'ua
Me-ne'ni-us
Me'nea, G
Me-nes'the-ua, or
Me-nes'tbeus

Mu-nych'i-a

Mar/cel-li'nua
Mar'ci-a'na, 10
Mai'ci-a'LHis, 10

(Mar'ci-an)

Mein'mi-u.^

Mo-ri'iii, For.

Mu-ras'na
Mu-sae'ua
Mu'ti-na
Mu-'ti-nes, 6, S.

Mar'ci-ua, 10

Me-nip'pua

Mu-ti'nua

Mar'co-mau'ui

Me-noe'ce-ua
Me-noe'te-;, 6
Mer-cu'ri-ua
(Mer'cu-ry)
Me-ri/o-nei, 6
Mer'o-e

Mu'ti-us, 10
Myc'a-Ie
My-ce'nae

Mar-do'ni-ua
Mar-^i/tegjG
Ma'ri-am'ne
Ma'ri-ua
Mar-mar/i-dae

Ma'ro
Mar'o-ne'a, and
Mar'o-ni'a
Mar-pe'isi-a, 10
Mar-pe'aua

Mar-ru'vi-um, or

Mar-ru/bi-um
Mar'ay-aa, 10

Mer'o-pe
Me'ropa

Mes^-me'de^, 6

My'ron

Mea^-po-ta'mi-a

Myr^ti-lua
My-a^el'lus
Mya'i-a, 10
Myt/i-le'ne

Mes-sa'ia
Mea-aa-li'na
Mea-sa'pi-a
Mes-ae'ne, or

Mar'ti-a'lis, 10

Mea-Wna

(Mar' ti -al)

Me^a-pon'tum

Mas'i-nia'aa
Maa-aag/e-tae
Mas / si-cus
Mas-sil'i-a
Ma-tra'li-a
Mat-ti'a-ci

Myc'o-nua, and
My-co'nus
Myg-do'ni-a
My-ri'na
Myr-mid'o-ne* 6

N.

Me-tau'rua
Me-tel'li

Me-tbo'ne
Me-tiFi-i
Me'tia
Me^ti-ua, 10

Nab'ar-za'neg,
Nab'a-tbae'a
Na'bis
Nse'ni-a
Nae'vi-ua

Ly/con
Lyc'o-phron

Mau'ri

Me'ton

Mau'ri-ta'ni-a

Lem'o-vi'ceg, 6
Le-niov'i-cei

Ly-co'ris

Met/ro-cle.;, 6
Met'ro-do'rua

Lem'u-reg, G
Len'tu-lus

Lyd'i-a
Lyn'ceus, or

Mau-ao'lua
Ma-vo^ti-a, 10
Max-en'ti-ua, 10
Max'im-i-a'nua

Le-on'i-das

Lyn'ce-us
Ly-san'der
Lys'i-as, 10

Max'i-mi'nus
(Max'i-min)

Mi-le'si-i,

Ly-sim'a-ebi'a, or

Max/i-mus
Me-de'a

Mit-ti'a-deg, 6
Mil'vi-ua

Nas-si'ca
Na'aid-i-e'nus
Na-aid'i-ua

Me'di-a
Me'di-o-la'num

Mim-ner'mus
Mia'ci-us, 10

Nau'cra-teg, 6

Le-ma'nua

Le'oa-ti'ni

Le-on'ti-um, 10
Le-os'the-neg, 6
Le'o-tv^h'i-deg, 6

Lab'da-cus
La'be-o

Mi 7 iioa

Min'o-tau'rus
Meg'a-cleg, 6, Py.S, Min-tur'nae
Me-gae'ra
Mi-nu'ci-ua, 10
Meg'a-le
Mi-ae/num
Meg'a-ra
Mi-ae'nua
Me-gas'the-nes, 6 Mi'thraa
Mitb'ri-da'tes, 6
Mith'ro-bar-za'neg,
Mel'a-nip'pi-aeg, 6 Mit'y-le'nse
Me^a-nip'pua
Mit'y-le'ne

Lib'a-nua
Leb'a-non)
Li'ber

Is'i-dore)

Mi-ner'va

Me-du^a

Ma-ced'o-neg, 6
Ma^'e-do'ni-ans ) Me-gis^ti-aa
(
Me-lani'pus

Laeh'e-aia
La-cin'i-um
La-co'ni-a, and
La-con'i-ca
Lac-tan'ti-us, 10

Me'don
Meg'a-by'aus

Lep'i-dus
Le-pca/ti-i, 10

Ly-cur'gus

Lys^-ma'ehi-a
Ly-sim'a-ebus
Ly-sip'pua

(Max-im' i-an)

Me-tu'lum
Me-zen'ti-ug, 10
Mi-cip'sa

Mi'daa
10

Mi-le'tua

Na-i'a-deg, 6
Na-is'aua
Naph'i-lua, Py.
Nar'bo-nen'aia
Nar-cia'aus
Nar'ni-a
Na-rj'9'i-a,

10

Na'ao

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.

Nor-ba'nus
Nor'i-cum
No'tus
No'vi-o-du'num
No'vi-om'a-gum, or

Nau'cra-tis

Nax'os
Ne-se'ra
Ne-al'ces, 6
Ne-ap'o-lis

Ne-ar^hus

No'vi-oni'a-gua

Nu'ma

Ne-crop'o-lis
Nec-tan / a-bis

O-pil'i-ua
O-pini'l-us

Pal'lan-te'um

O'pis

Pal-my'ra
Pa-mi'sus

Pal-le'ne

Op'pi-a
Op-pi-a'nus
Op'pi-an)
Op'pi-us
Op'ti-mus

Pam/i-sus, For.

Nu-man'ti-a, 10
Neo/ta-ue'bus ,K. F. Nu-me'ni-us, W. S. Or-bil-l-us
Nec-tan'e-bua,
Nu / me-ri-a'nus
Or'ca-dei, 6
Fac. S. Py.
Nu-mid'i-a
Or-ebom'e-num
Nu'mi-tor
Ne'le-us, or
Or-^boiu/e-nus
NuQ 7 di-na
Ne'leua
Or'do-vi'ces, C.
Ne-mae'a, and
Nyc'te-us, or
Or-dov'i-ce* G
Ne'me-a, games
Nyc'teus
O-re'a-degjG
Ne'me-a, town and Nym-pbid'i-us
O're-ads)
(
river
N3r/ sa
O-res'teg, 6
Ne'me-si-a'nus, 10 Ny-sse / ua
Or'es-te'um
Nem'e-sis
Or'es-ti'dae
Or-get'o-rix, S. Py.
Ne'o-bu'le
Ne'o-caes-a-re'a
Or'gi-a
Ne'o-clej, 6
O-rib'a-sus
Or'i-cum, or
Ne'op-tol'e-mus
Neph'e-le
O'a-sia
Or'i-cus
Ne'pos
O-a'sis, Py.
O'ri-eng
Ne'po-ti-a'ntis, 10
O-ax'us
O-rig'e-neg, 6
Nep'tu-na'li-a
O'ce-an'i-deg 6,
(Or'i-gen)
Nep-tu'nua
and Oce-a-nit/i- O-ri'on
(Nep'tune)
deg
Or'me-nus
-oe'a-iius
Ne-re'i-de*, 6
O-ro-deg, 6
(Ne> re-ids)
O^'e-lum
O-rce'teg, 6
O'cbus
O-ron'tej, 6
Ne're-us, or
Ne'reua
Oc-ta'vi-a
O-ro'si-ua, 10
Ne'ro
Oc'ta-vi-a'nus
Or'phe-us, or
,

O.

Oc-ta'vi-ua
O-cyp'e-te
O-cyr'o-e
Od'e-na'tua,
O-des'sus

Ner'vi-i
Nes-to'ri-ua
Ni-pse'a, or Ni-ce'a
Ni-cag'o-ras

Ni-can'der
Ni-ca'nor

Nic'o-da'mus
^Ti-cod'a-mua,

Pw.
Nic'o-de'mua
Nic'o-do'rua

CE'neus

Nic'o-la'us

Nic'o-me'de^, 6
Nic/o-me-di'a, or
Nic'o-me-de'a
Ni-cop / o-lis
Ni-cos'tra-tua
Ni'ger
Ni-gid'i-ua
Nil'e-us, or
Ni'leus

O-lym'pi-a
0-lym'pi-as
O -1 y m' pi-o-do'rus
O-lym'pi-us

Nin'y-aa
Ni'o-be
Ni-pba'teg, 6
Nis'i-bis

Ni-sy'rus
'

O-lym'pua
O-lyn'thus
Om'pha-le
Om/pba-lus
On'e-sic'ri-tua

Ni-to'cris
Noc'ti-lu'ca

O-nes'i-mus
On'o-mac'ri-tus

Nom'a-deg, 6

On'o-mar'ehus
On'o-sanMer

No-ni'ua

O'tho

PaCo-rus

CE-nom'a-tis, Pw.
Pa-co'rus, an
(En'o-nia'us, K.
Egyptian king.
(E-no'ne
Pac-to'lus
(E-no ; tri-a
Pa-cu'vi-us
Og/y-ges, 6
Pa'dus
O-gyg'i-a
Pa-du'sa
O-il'e-us, or
Pae'an
O-i'leua
Pae'o-neg, 6
Ol'bi-a
Pse'sos
Ol'li-us
Pag'a-sae, or

Ni-com'a-^hus

F. Py.

O-si'ria

O-do'a-cer, C.
O-thry/a-deg, 6
Od'o-a'cer, W. S. O-vid'i31.
(Ov'it
Ox'us
Od'ys-se'a
Od'ys-sey)
Ox'y-ryn^ebus
(
CE'a-grua
(E-a'grus
(Eb'a-lus, 5
<E-ba-reg, 6, Pw.
CE-eha'li-a
(Ec'u-me'ni-us, 5
Pa-ca'ti-a'nps, 10
(Ed'i-pua, 5
Pa-bynus, and
(E'ne-us, or
Pa-^hy'num

Ni-ce'teg, 6
Ni^e-te'ri-a
Ni^i-as, 10
Ni-co^b'a-reg, 6
Ni-coc'ra-teg, 6
Ni-co'cre-on

O'rus
W. S. Os'ebo-pbo'ri-a

O-de'um

Ni-ca'tor
M-ce'tas, or

Nit'i-ob'ri-ges, 6,
10, C
Nit/i-o-bri'geg,

Orpheus
Or-tyg'i-a

Pag'a-sa
Pa-lae'mon
Pa-laeph'a-tus, 5
Pa-lees' te, 5
Pal'aes-ti'na

Pal'a-me'deg, 6

Pam'me-neg, 6
Pam'phi-lus
Pam-phy^i-a
Pa-nae'ti-us, 10

Pe^theu.?
-

Pan-ath/e-nse'a

Pan^a-rua
r an-i3i ou

Pe-r33 a
Per-dic'cas
Pe-ren'Dis
7

Pan-do/ra
Pan/dro-sos
Pan-gse'us

Pan / liel-le'ne2,

Pa'ni-o'ni-um
Pan-no'ni-a

Pan^-pe, or -pe'a
Pa-nor'mus

Per'ga-niua
Pe'ri-an'der
Perd-cleg, 6

Phi-lip/pi
Pbi-lis'cus
Pbi-lic'ti-on

Pbi'lo
PhiPo-cleg, 6
Phi-loc'ra-teg,

Phil/o-de'muci
Phil'o-la'us

Phi-loFo-gus
Phi-loni'bro-tus
Phil/o-me'la
Phi-lon/i-de, 6
Phi-lop'a-tor

Pbil'o-poe'men
Phi-los'tra-tus
Phi-lo'taa

Pe-ril'lua
Phi-lo'tis
Per'i-pa-tet'i-ci
Phi-lox'e-nua
(Per'a-pa-tet'ics) Pbir^e-us, or

Per'o-e

Phi'tieus
Phin'ti-as, 10

Per-sa3 / us

Pan'the-on, or

Per-seph'o-ne

Pble'gon

Per-sep'o-lia
Per'se-us, or

Pho-gae'a
Pbo'ci-on, 10
Pbo'cia

Pan-tbe 7 ^!
Pa'phi-a, or
Pa'pbi-e
Papb'la-go'ni-a

Pa'phos
Pa'pbus
Pa'pi-as
Pa-pin'i-a'nus

(Pa-pin 1 i-an)

Per'seua

Pa-raet/a-^ee, 5

Par/ee-to'ni-um
Pa'rpn-ta'U-a
Pa'ris

Pbo-cyl'I-deg, 6

Per'ti-nax

Phoe^be

Pe-ru'ai-a, 10
Pe-tiVi-us
Pet'o-ai'ris

Phoe-ni/ce, or
Pboe-mc'i-a, 10

Pe-trse'a
Pe-tre'i-us (-yus)

Pe-tro^i-us
Peu-ces'teg, 6 Phse-a'ci-a, 10

Pha3 / don
10
Phae'dra
Par-men/i-deg, 6
Par-me'ni-o, C. S. Phse'drua
Pba/e-thon
Par-nas'sus
PbaPa-cri'na
Pa-ro'pus
Pba-lan'tbus
Par-rha'si-us, 10

Pa-ris'i-i,

Par-the'ni-ae,

and

Par-the^i-i
Par-the'ni-us

Par/the-non
Par-then'o-pe
Par/thi-a
Pa-rys'a-tis
Pa-sar'ga-dae

Pa-sipb'a-e
Pas'si-e'nus, 10

Pbtbi-o^tia, 14

Fac. K.
PhaPli-ca
Pha-lo ; re
Pha-nae'ua
Pbar'na-ba'zua

Pby'le
PbyFli-us

W.

S.

Pat 7 a-la Phar'na-ceg, 6

Pha'roa
Phar-sa'li-a
Pa-ta'Ti-um

Pal-la'di-um

Pe-lop'i-das

Phe'mi-ua
Pber'e-ti'ma
Phid'i-aa
Pbi-dip'pi-deg, 6

PbiFa-del-pbi'a
(

S.

nymph.
Pi'e-tas
Pi-la'tus
(Pi'late)

Phe'ron

PeFo-pi'a

Pi-e'ri-a
Pi'e-ri'a, or
Pi'e-re'a,

Pha-ae / lia

Pe-las/gi
Pe-las'gi-o'tis
Pe'le-us, or

Pal'la-deg, 6

W.

Pi-ce'num

Pi-er'i-deg, 6

Pba/sia
Phe'ge-us, or
Pbe'geus,

Pal'i-nu'rus

Pi-a'li-a,

Pi^en-ti'ni

Pbar-sa'lus, or
Phar-sa'los

Pat/ro-clua
Pau-li'nus
Pau-sa'ni-aa
Ped'a-sus
Peg'a-sua

Pe'leus

Phryx'us

Pby'a
Pbal'e-rua, a com- Phy'cua
panion of Jason Phyl'a-ce

Pat'a-le, or

Pat'i-zi'thes. 6
Pat/ro-cles,~6

Phoe'nix
Pbol'o-e
Pbor'mi-o
Pbo-ro'ne-ua, or
Pho-ro'neus
Pho-ti'nua
Phra-a'teg, 6
Pbra-or'teg, 6
Pbron'i-ma, W. Py
Pbryg'i-a
Phryn'i-^hus
Pbry'nis

PhaFa-ria
Pba-Ie'ron

Pat'a-ra

Pa-teT'cu-lus

Pho/cus

Per'si-a, 10
Per'si-us, 10

Pe'tra

Pa-pir'i-us
Par'a-di'sus

(3

Pbiyoc-te'te^tf

Pan-thCa

Pe-li'a-deg, 6
Pe'li-as
Pe-li'deg, 6
Pe'li-on
Pel-le'ne
Pel'o-pe'a, or

Pal'a-ti'nus
Pa-la'ti-um, 10
Pa'leg, 6
Pa-liFi-a

Pen-tel'i-cua
Pea^tbe-si-le'a, 10
Pen'the-us, or

Pan'a-ce'a

493

Pel/o-pon-ne'sua
Pe'lops
Pe-lo'rua
Pe-lu/si-um, 10
Pe-na'tes, 6
Pe-nel/o-pe
Pe-ne'ua

Pi'e-rua

Pi-na'ri-us

Pin'da-rus
(Pin'dar)
Pi-re'ne
Pi-rith/o-us
Pi-san'der
Pi-sau'rus

Phil'a-del'phi-a) Pi-sid'i-a

Pbil'a-del'phus
Phi'lse
Phi-lse/ni
Phil/e-tae'rus
Phi-le'tas

Phi-li'nus
Pbil/ip-pe^

Pis'is-trat'i-daB
Pia'is-trat'i-deg,

Pi-sis'tra-tus
Pi-tho'le-on, C.
Pifthe-ua, or

Pit'theus
Pla-cen'ti-a, 10

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.

494
Pla-cid'i-a,

W.

Pri-am'i-deg, 6

S.

Pla-na'si-a, 10

PrPa-mus

Pian-cPna

Pri'am)
Pri-a'pus
(

Pla-tae'a
Pla-tae'ae

Quir'i-na'li-a
Quir'i-na'lis

Sa'li-i

Sal-lus'ti-us, 10
(Sal'lust)
Sa-lo'ine
Sa-lo'na, or
Sa-lo'naB

Qui-rPnus
Qui-rPtes, 6

Pris'ci-a'nus, 10
(Pris'cian)

Pla'to
Plau'ti-a'nus, 10

Pro'bus,
Pro'cas

Plau'tus

M.

Sal'o-ni'na
Sal'o-ni'ous
SaKvid-i-e'aus,

R.

Ple'ia-deg (ple'ya-) Pro'cleg, 6

or Ple-i'a-d, 6 Proc'on -iie'sus
Ple-Po-ne
Pro-co'pi-us
Plin'i-us
Pro-crus'tes, 6
(Plin'y)
Proc'u-le'i-us
Plis'the-nes, 6
(-yus)
Plis-tPnus, Pw. W. Proc'u-lus'
Plis-to'a-nax, or
Pro'cy-on (-shi-on)
Plis-to'nax
Prod'i-cus
Plot/i-nop'o-li3
Pro-me'the-us, or

Rhad'a-marPthus

Plo-tPnus
Plu-tar'ebus

Pro-me'theus
ProD/o-mus

Rhae'ti, or Rae'ti
Rbae'ti-a, 10

Pro-per'ti-us, 10
Pro-poiPtis
Pro-ser'pi-na
( Proper-pine)

Rhe'a
Rhe'gi-um
Rhe'nus

(Plu'tarek)

Plu'to
Poeg'i-le,

PoPe-mon
Po'li-or-ce'tes, 6

Pro-tes'i-la'us
Pro'te-us, or

Po-lPteg, 6
Pol-len'ti-a, 10

PoPli-o
Po'ly-ae'nus
Po-lyb'i-us
(PoL'y-carp)

PoPy-cleg, 6

Po-lyd'a-mas
PoFy-dec'leg 6

Sa'mi-a

Re-iniPri-a

Sam-nPtae
Sam -nP teg, 6

Re'inus

PoPy-do'rus
PoPyg-no'tus
PoPy-hym'ni-a, or
Po-lym/ni-a
PoPym-nes'tor
PoPy-nPces, 6

Sam'o-thra'ci-a,

Rho'dus

San-ga'ri-us
San'to-neg, 6

Piboe'tus

Rho'sus
Rhox-a'ne, or
Rox-a'ne

Pot/i-dae'a
Pot/ni-aa
Prae-nes'te
Prae'tor

Prat/Pnas, W. S.
Prax-it'e-le?. 6

Sep-tim'i-us
Seq'ua-ni
Se-ra'pis

Sar-din'i-a

Se're-ni-a'nus
Se'reg, 6

Spar'ta-cus

Ser'gi-us
Se-ri'pbus,

Spar-ta'ui, or

Ser-to'ri-us
Ser-viPi-a

Se-re^a

S.
Sa-b3'i
Sa-bel'li

So-zom'e-nus
(Soz'o mm)

Spar'ti-a'tae, 10
Spar'ti-a'nus, 10
Speu-sip'pus
Spho'dri-as, L. W.
Spitb/rf-da'teg, 6
Spo-le'tum
Spor'a-deg, 6
Spu'ri-us

Ser-ra'nus

Sat/ur-nPnus
Sa-tur'nus

Se-sos^ris
Se^a-bis
Se-ve'rus
Sex'ti-a, 10
Sex-tiPi-us
Si-byPla
Si-canPbri

Sat'y-rus

Si-ca/ni,

Sa'vus
Sax^o-neg, 6

Si-^has/us

Sta'tor

Si^i-nus

Steph'a-nus

Sat'ur-na'li-a

Sa-tur'ni-a

Sta'bi-ae

Sta-gPra
Sta'i-us (sta'yus)
Sta-siCra-teg, 6
Sta-tiPi-us

and

Sta-ti'ra
Sta'ti-us, 10

Sic'a-ni

Sic/o-rus

S^as'Ta
S^aeT'o-la

Pyr'e-naB'us
Py-thag'o-ras

Stes'i-la'us,

Sca-man'der

Sic'u-li
Si9 / y-on(sisb / i

Scan'di-na'vi-a
Scap'u-la

Sid'o-nis, or
Si-do' nis

on)

Si-ge'um
Scau'rus
S^ed^-sus, W. Pw. Si-la'nus
Si-le'nus
ScePe-ra'tus

Stra'bo

Sa-bePlus
Sa-bi^i

Py'tbon

Sab^-ra

SpPnis

Pytb'o-nis'sa

Sa^33

Sfi-o'ne

Sag'a-ris

S^i-pi'a-daa
S^ip'i-o

Sim'i-lis

Sfi'ron
Sco'pas

Sim'o-is
Si-mon'i-deg, 6
Sim-plic'i-us, 10
Sin'o-e

Qua'di
Quaes-to'reg, 6

Sab^a-ta

Sa-gifta
Sa-gun'tum, or

Sa-gun^us

Sehe'di-a, S.
Spi/a-thos

Stra'to, or Stra'ton
Strat'o-cleg, 6

SiPi-us
Si-hPreg, 6

Strat/o-nPce
Stroph'a-deg, 6

SiPu-reg
Sil-va'nus

Sim'mi-as,

and

Sa'is

Scor-dis/ci,

SaPa-mi'na
SaPa-mis

Scor-dis^ae
Scri-bo/ni-a
Scri-bo'ni-us

Sa-la'pi-a
Qui-e'tus
Quinc'ti-us, 10
Sa-la'pi-ae
Quin/de-cim'vi-ri
Sa-las'si
Quin'quen-na'les, 6 Sa-le'i-us (-le'yus)
Quin'til-i-a'nus
SaPen-ti'ni
Sa'li-a, W. Fac
%Quin~til'i-an)

W.

S^yl-lae'um
S9y'ro8
Sfy'thse
S^yth'i-a
Syy-thop'o-lis

SPnon
Si-no/pe
Sip'y-lus
Si-re'negjG
( Si'rens)
SPris
Sir'mi-o

Sw.

Ste-sim'bro-tus
Sthen'e-le
Sthen'e-lus
StiPi-cho
Sto'i-ci (Sto'ics)

PytiPi-a
Pyth'i-as
Pyth'i-us

Q.
.

Sos'the-neg, G
Sos'tra-tng
Sot'a-dfg, 6
Softer

Sa-ran'ges, 6
Sar'da-na-pa'lus

Ru'tu-pse

Pyr'e-nae'i

Pos'i-do'ni-us

Pos-thu'mi-us
Pot'a-mus

So-sip'a-ter
So-sis'tra-tus

Sep-tem / vi-ri

Sat/ra-pe'ni

Pyr'a-mus

So'phron
Sopli'ro-nis'cus
So-rac'tes, 6, and
So-rac'te

Se-na'tus
Sen^e-ca

Rox^-la'ni

Ru-tiW-us
Ru^u-li

Sopb'o-nis'ba

So'si-a. 10
Sem/no-neg, 6, also So-sib4-us
Sem-no'neg
So-sic'ra-teg
bem-pro'ni-a
So-sig'e-neg, 6
Sem-pro'ni-us
So'si-i, 10

Sa'son
Sa-tas'pe,6 [W. S. Ser-viPi-us
Sat'i-bar-za'neg, 6 Ser'vi-us

Py'theus

Pop-liCo-la
Pop-pae'a
Por/ci-a, 10
Por-serPna, or
Por'se-na
Pos'i-de'uni

For.
Sel-la'si-a, 10
Sem'e-le
Se-mir'a-mis

So'phax
Soph'o-cle*^

Sa'por
Sa^a-ce'De

Sat'ri-cum
Sat'u-ra

Sop'a-ter

(Se-leu'ci-a)
Se-leu'cis
Se-li'nus

Ros'ci-us, 10

PyttPe-as
Pytb/e-us, or

PoiPti-us, 10
Po-piPi-us

Sol'y-ma

Ro-ma'ni
RonPu-lus

Ptol^e-ma-e'um,
14
Ptol'e-mae'us, 14
Ptol'e-my)
(
PtoPe-ma'is, 14

Pu-te'o-li

PotPti-cus

So'lon

Se-le'ne
Sel'eu-ci'a, or

PtoPe-mae'um, 14

Pom-pe'i-a (-pe'ya) Pyg-ma'li-on

Pom/pe-i-a'nus
PyPa-deg, 6

Pon-tPna

Se-ja'nus

Sar'si-na

Po-mo'na

(Pom'pey)
Pom-piPi-us
Pom-po'ni-us

So-lPnus

Rig'o-du'lum, K.

(Pol'y-pkeme)
Po-lyx'o
Po-me'ti-a, or
Po-me'ti-i, 10

(-pe-ya'nus)
Pom-pe'i-i (-pCyi)
Pom-pe'i-us (-yus)

Se'gu-si-a'ni, 10

Rhyn'da-cus

K.

Ru'bi-con, and
Ru'bi-co
Ru-bi'go
Pub-lic'o-la
Ru'gi-i
Pub'li-us
Pul-ehe'ri-a. S. W. Ru-piPi-us
Pu/ni-cum BePlum Rus'ti-cus, S. Py.
PiPpi-e'nus, <S. W. Ru-te'ni

PoPy-pe'moa
PoPy-per'bon
PoPy-pbe'mus

Soc'ra-teg, 6
Soe'mi-as, S.

Psyche, 14

14,

Smin'theus

Seg'on-tPa-ci
Se-go'vi-a

Sar'ma-taa
Sar-ma'ti-a, 10
Sa'ron
Sar-pe'don

W.

Smi^lax''
Smin'the-us, or

Sel'i-iius,

10
San'cho-ni'a-thon
San^ho-ni-a'thon, Sch.
San'dro-cot'tus

Rhi-phse'i

Rhoe'bus
Rhoe-te'um

Sam'nites)

Sa-mos'a-ta
Sam'o-thra'ce, or

Rhod'o-pe

Prox'e-nus

Se-du'ni
Se-du'si-i, 10
Se-ge'ti-a, 10

SePeu-ce'a

Sa'mos

Rhe'sus

Rhox'o-la'ni
Rhu-te'ni, and
Ru-tbe'ni, C.
PsanPme-tPehus,

Pol'y-do'ra

Sa'rue

ReuPu-lus

Rho-do'pis

Pryt/a-ne'um
PsauPa-the, 14
Psam-met/i-ebus
14, C. L.

Pol'y-cle'tus

SanPa-rPa

Re-giPlrj
Reg'u-lus

Pro'teus
Pro-tog'e-neg, 6
Pru-derPti-us, 10
PnPsi-as., 10
Pryt'a-neg, 6

PoPy-car'pus

Ra-bir'i-us
S. W.
Ra-ini'seg, 6, C. W, SaPvi-us
Re-giPia
Sa-ma'ri-a, F. S.

Se-bas'te
Si-sam'neg, 6
Seb'as-te'a, or
Sis'i gam'bis, or
Seb'ai-ti'a
Sis'y -gam'bis
Seb'e-da
[L. C. Sis^y-phus
Seb / en-ny'tU8
Si-taPces

Stry'mon
Stu-be'ra, K.

Sch.

Stym-pha'lus
Su-bUc'i-us, 10

Su-bur'ra
Su'cro
Su-es'sa
Sues'so-neg, 6, or
Sues-so'neg
Sue-to'iii-us

Sue'Ti

SuPo-neg, 6
For. W.
Sui-o'neg,

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES,

Sul-pifi-a, or
Sul-pic'i-a, 10
Su'o-ve-tau-ril'i-a

W. L.

Su'sa-na,

Syb'a-ri'ta
(Syb'a-rite)

Sy'e-ne
Sy-en'rie-sis

Sym'ma-ehus

Ten'e-dos
Te'neg,6
Ten'ty-ra

Triq'ue-tra
Tris'me-gis'tus

Tbra'ci-a, 10
Thrace)
(
Thra'so
Tbras'y-bu'lus

Te'os, or
Te'i-os
Te-ren'ti-a, lJ
Te-ren'ti-us, 10
Ter'ence)
(
Te / re-us, or

Triton
Tri-vi/cum

Thra-syl'ius

Tro'a-deg, 6
Tro'as
Trog-lod'y-tse
Trog'lo-dy'tae,
For.

Thras'y-me'nus
Tbu-cyd'i-deg, 6
Thu'le
Tbu'ri-i

495

V i-le'ri-a'nus
Vi-tel'li-us
Va-le'ri-an)
Vi-tru'vi-us
(
Va-le'ri-us
Vit-u-la
Van-da'li-i, W. Sch Yog'e-sus
1
Vo-^sus, For.
( Van dais)
Vaii-gi/o-nes,, 6
Vol / a-ter'ra
Van'ni-us
Vo-log'e-seg, 6,
Va-ra'tieg, 6
Vol-tin / i-a
W.
S.
Vo-lu'bi-lis, E.
Var-dag'i
Vo-lum'na
"Va/rus
Vo-lum'ni-a

iyr'a-cu'sae

Ter'i-da/teg, 6

Tby'a-deg, 6
Thy'a-ti'ra
Tny-es'teg, 6
Tny-moe'teg, 6

(Syr'a-cus^)
Sy'ros

Te-ri'o-li

Ti-be'ri-as

Tro^ja
Troy)
(

Ter'ine-rus

Tib'e-ri'nus

Tro-pbo'ni-us

Ter'rni-na'li-a

Tru-eu'tum

Ter'mi-nus

Tib'e-ris
Ti-be'ri-us

Vas'co-nes, 6
Vas-co' nei,Strabo
Vat'i-ca'nus
[Fac.
( Vat'i-can)
Vec-to'neg, 6, C.

Terp-sieb'o-re

Ti-buWus

Ter'tul-li-a'nus

Ti'bur

Tryph'i-o-do'rua
Try-pho'sa
Tu-be'ro

Ve-ge'tius, 10

To-ma'nus

a river
Ti-fe'r'num
Tig'el-ii'nus

Tu-is'to, or

Ve'i-i (ve'yi)

Vo-no'neg, 6

Ve-la'brum

Vo'ti-e'tius,

Vul-ca'nus

Ti-gel'li-us

Tul-li'o-la

Ve-li'trae
Vel-le'i-us Pa-ter'

cu-lus
Tul'li-us
Ve-na/frum
(Tul'ly)
Tu^nis, or Tu/nes^ Ven'e-di
Ven'e-ti
Tu'ro-neg, 6
Ve-ne'ti-a, 10
Tur'pi-o

Sym-pleg'a-deg, 6

Te'reus

Sy-ne'si-us,10,S.Z.. Ter-ges'te,

?y'phax

and

Ter-ges'tuni

Ti-ci'nus,

Ter-tul'li-an)

Ta-au'teg, 6

Te'thys

Ta'ebos
Ta<j'i-tus

Te-trap'o-lis
Tet'ri-cus

Taen'a-rus, 5

Teu'cer

Ti-gra'neg, 6

Ta'gus

Teu'to-ni, and
Teu'to-neg, 6

Tig'u-ri'ni

Tha-be'na, K.

Ti-mae'a

Tain'e-sis
C

Thames)

Tan'a-gra,

C.

L.

PyTa-na'gra

Tigris

[W. Ti-ruae'us
Tha-las'si-us,^^. Ti-mag'e-neg, 6
Ti-ma'vus
Tba'leg, 6
Tha'is

Tan'a-is
Tan'a-quil
Tan'ta-lus

Tha-li'a

Ta-prob'a-ne
Ta-ren' turn, or
Ta-ren'tus

Tha<si-us, 10

( Tar'quin)
Tar'ra-ci'na
Tar'ta-rus
Ta'ti-a'nus, 10
(Ta'tian)

Ta'ti-en'seg, 6, 10
Ta'ti-us, 10

Tau'ri-ca
Tau'ro-inin'i-um

Tau'rus

Tba'sos
Tba'sus
The-a'ao
Tbe-ar'i-das, S.

W.

Tbe'bas

The'o-do'ra
Tne'o-do-re'tus
Tbe-od'o-ri'cus
Tke-od'o-ric)

The'o-do'rus

Tyeb'i-us

Ti-mo'the-us
Ti'pbys
Ti-resi-as, 10

Tyd'e-us, or

Tir'i-da'te,

Ti-tho'nus
Ti-tin^-us

The'on
The-oph'a-neg, 6

Tec-tos'a-geg, 6, or Tbe-opb'i-lus
The'o-phras'tus
Tec-tos'a-gae

Tyr-tae'us

Tit/y-us

Ty'rus

Tox-ic'ra-te^w.
Traeb'a-lus
Traeb'o-ni'tis
Traj'a-nop'o-lis

Tra-ja'nus
Tra'jan)

The'o-ti'mus

Te'i-us (te'yus)

Tbe'ox-e'ni-a, S. W. Tre-ba'ti-us, 10
Tbe-raru'e-neg, 6
Tre-bel'li-a'nus
Ther-mo'don
Tre'bi-a
Tber-mop'y-lje
Tre-bo'ni-us
Tber-sil'o-hus
Trev'e-ri, or

Te-leb'o-as
Tel'e-cles, 6
Tel'e-cli'deg, 6

Te-leg'o-nus

Trev'i-ri
Tri-a'ri-us

Tel'e-pbus

Tber-si'teg, 6
The-se'is
The'se-us, or

Tel'e-si-ni'cus
Tel'e-si'nus

The'seus
Thes-moth'e-tse

Tri / as-ti'ni

TeUe/aas

Thes-pi'a

Tri-den'tum
TriFo-li'nus

Te-los

Thes-sa'li-a
Thes'sa-lo-ni'ca

Tel-phu'sa

Thes'sa-lus

Tem'e-nus

Thesis

Tri-na'cri-a, or
Trin'a-cris

Tem'e-sa, or

Thir'mi-da, Fac.M. Trin'o-ban'teg, 6

Te-lem/a-ehus

W.

Tem'e-se
Teneh-te'ri

S.

Tho'as

Tyr'i-da'teg, 6
Tiri dates.

Ti'tus

Te'e-a

Tel'a-mon

Ty-ran'ni-on

Tit'y-rusl

Tor-qua'tus

Te'a-rus

Ty'phon

Tyr-rhe'ni
Tyr-rbe / num
Tyr-rbe'nus

To-ryne

Tri-baPJi

U.
U-cal/e-gon
Ul'pi-a'nus
( Ul'pi-an)
U-lys'se.5,6

Xe-nod'o-ehus
Xe-nopb'a-neg, 6
Xe-nopb/i-lus

Ves-pa'si-a'nus, 10
( Ves-pa'si-an)

Xen'o-pbon
Xy'ehus

Ves-ti'iii

Ves-ti'nus
Ves'vi-us
Vet'e-ra

Zab'a-tus

Vet/ti-us
Ve-tu'ri-a
Ve-tu'ri-us

Za-leu'cus

Ve'tus

Za-moIx / is

Za-cyn^hus

Vi-a'drus, Sch.
Vi'a-drus, M.
Vi-bid'i-a, S.
Vi-bid'i-us, 5.

W. Ze^o

W.
W.

Vib'i-us

Vi'bo

Ze-no'bi-a
ZeiVo-do'rus
Ze-nod'o-tus
Zeph'y-rus
(Zeph'yr)
Ze-ryn'thus

Um bri-a

Yi-bul'li-us

U-ra / ni-a
U-ra'nus

Vi'ca

U'ti-ca

Vi-ce^ti-a,

Ux-el'lo-du'num

Vic-to'ri-a

Zeux'is

Ux'i-i (uk'shl-i)
W. S. Sch.

Vic-tCri-us

Zi-poe'teg,

V-

Tri-gem/i-na

Trip-toye-mus

Sch. W.
Xen-'o-da'mus
Xe-nod'i-ce

Ve^us
see Ves-ta'leg,
Ves-ta'li-a

Tri-cip'i-ti'nus

Trip'o-li3

Xe-nod'a-mus,

w.

Ver'u-la'nus

Ty-pho'eus

PCta

Vi-ceu'ti-a, 10

Val / en-tin / i-a'nus

( Val'en-tin'i-an)
Ya-le'ri-a

Ze-tbeg, 6, or
Ze^tus

Zeux'i-da'mus

10

Vim'i-na'lis
[L. Zo'i-lus
Vin-cen'ti-us, 10,5". Zo'no-ras,
Via-dePi-ci
[S.
L. W. S. M.
Vin-dic'i-us, 10, W.
Zo-na'ras, Py.
Vip-sa'ni-a, 5. Sch. Zo-pyr'i on, W. .

Zop'y-rus

Vir-^il'i-us
Vfrtgil)
(

Va'leng

10

Vul'can)

Xe-ni-'a-des , 6
Xe'ni-us, C. S. W.
Xen'o-cle'a
Xc^o-cleg, 6
Xe-noc'ra-teg, 6

Tyn-da'rus
[W. Ver/tum-na'li-a
Tyn'ni-ebus, Pw. Ver-tum/nus
Ty-pbo'e-us, or

Xan'thi-ca
Xan-tbip'pe
Xe-nag'o-ras

Ven'ice)

"Ve-ro'na
Ver'o-ni'ca, L.
Ver'ri-us

Tyn-da'ris

Vo-lum/nus
Vo-lu'pi-a
Vol'u-se'nus, 5. W.
Vo-lu'si-us, 10

X.

Ver^-tas
Yer'o-man'du-i

Ty'deus
Ty'di-dej, 6
Tyn-dar'i-des, 6

Ti-ryn'tbus
Ti-sam/e-nus

The-od'o-ta
The-od'o-tus

Ty'a-nae'us

Vo-lum'ni-us

Vecao-neg, K. F. VoPu-sus
For. S.
Vo'lux

Ve'rius
Ve-nu'si-a, 10
Veiycin-get'o-rix
Ver-gil'i-a
Ver-gin/i-us

Ty'a-na

Ti'mon

The'o-do'si-us, 10

Te-a'num

Tuiai-a

Tu'ti-a, 10

Theb'a-is, C. Fac.
The-ba'is, K. F. Ti-sipb'o-ne
Tbe'inis
[M. Tis'sa-pber'neg, 6
Ti-ta/neg, 6
Them'i-son
Tbe-mis'to-cleg, 6 Ti-ta/ni-a
Ti-ta'nus
The'o-cleg, 6
Tbe-oc'ri-tus
( TV tan)
Titb'e-nid'i-a
The'o-dec'teg, .6

Ta-yg'e-te, or
Ta'y-ge'ta
Ta-yg'e-tus, or
Ta-yg'e-ta

[M.

Tu-is^o

Tus'cu-ia'num
Tus'cu-lum

Tim'o-cle'a

Tbam'y-ris, S. C.L. Ti-mo'cre-on

Ti-ino'le-on
Thap'sa-cus

Tar-pe'i-a (-ya)
Tar-pe'i-us ( -yus)
Tar-quin'i-a
Tar-quin'i-i
Tar-quin'i-us

Tel'li-as,

Tro'gus Pom-pe'i-

us (-yus)
Tro'i-lus

Vir-gin/i-a
Yir'i-a'tbus
Vi-sig'o-thse,
Vis'tu-la

Zor'o-as'treg, 6
( Zo'ro-as'ter)

Zos'i-mus

&.

Zyg'i-i

see

Zy-gop'o-Us

PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
OF

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES

The following Vocabulary contains a careful selection of
such Scripture names as present any difficulty of pronunciation but classical names occurring in the Scriptures,
and given in the preceding vocabulary of Greek and Latin
names, are for the most part omitted. That mode of pronunciation which is deemed to be best supported, is given
first, and any other pronunciation which has, to any con;

of present and reputable

subjoined as an alternative mode. The names

siderable extent, the sanction

usage,

is

1. That, in* words of two syllables, the accent is uniformly on the first.
2. That, in words of two syllables in which the accented
vowel is separated from the next syllable by only one consonant or by a consonant digraph, the consonant or the
digraph goes to the following syllable as, A' din, Jo'tkam.
3. That ch always has the sound of k.
4. That g is always hard, as in go.
with or without a pre5. That every final i forming
;

a distinct syllable, has its long sound;

and marked in ceding consonant
accordance with the system of notation employed in the pre- as in A'l, Ab'dl.
vious part of this work. The consulter will not, therefore,
6. That the terminations ites and enes (as in Gil'e-adrequire any Rules to guide him to a correct pronunciation ites, Gad 1 a-r enes, &c.) are pronounced in one syllable.
of the names here given, but with reference to those which
7. That in other respects Scripture names usually foUow
are omitted, it wiU be well for him to remember,
the analogy of Latin pronunciation. See p. 487.

have been accented, divided into

syllables,

A.

A-bl-jah

A^h'me-tha

A-bl'jam

A-eh'sa

Ab'i-le'ne

Xc/i-pha (as'i-fa)
Ac/i-tho (as'i-tho)

A'a-lar

A-bim'a-el

Aa'ron (a'ron)

A-bim /e-leh

Ab-a-eiie

A-bin'a-dab
Ab'i-ner
A-bin'o-am

A-bad'don
AVa-di'as
Ab'a-na
Ab'a-rim
Ab'de-el

Ab-dFas
or

A'bel-beth-ma'a-

hah
A'bel-ma/im

Ag'a-ba
Xg'a-bGs
Ag'a-renes/

Ad'a-T'ah

Ag'e-e

A-ho/ah

A-da/li-a

A-ho'hlte
A-ho'lah

Al-phae'us, or Al-

Ad'a-mi

A-haVah

A-ho'li-Sb

Ab'i-se'I

Xd'a-sa
Xd'be-el
Xd'i-da

A-haVhel

A-hCH-bah

Al'ta-ne'us
Al-tAs>hith

A'di-el

Ab'i-sfiin
Ab'i-tal

A-blsh'a-lom
Ab'i-shu'a
Ab'i-shur

A-hu'ma-i

A-has'u-e'rus

A-hu'zam

Xd'i-na
Xd'i-no or A-dl'no
Ad'i-nus
Ad'i-tha'im

A-ha'va

A-huz'zath

A'ha-zl'ah

A'T

A-hFah
A-hi'ain

A-T'ah, or A/jah
A-I'ath

Am'a-rl'ah
Am'a-rl'as

Am'a-sa

ma'na

Ad'la-I

A-hFan

A-T/ja

A-bFud

Ad'ma-tha

A'hi-e'zer

Ay 'a- Ion

A-do'nl-be'zek
A-don'i-can
Ad'o-nl'jah

A-hl'hud

A-bl'dah
Ab'i-d&n
A'bi-el, or
_ A-bi'el

A'bi-e'zer
Ab'i-ha'il

A-bl'hu
A-bl'hud
a, e,

i,

Ad

o-ni'ram
A-do'nl-ze'dek
/

A-do'i-a

Ad'o-ra'im

Xeh'bor

A-do'ram
A-dram'me-l Seh

o, Q, y,

am

A-don'i-kam

A-ha/i-us
A'ehi-aeh'a-rus
A-^hi'as
A'ehi-or
A-^hl'tob

long; 5,

A-mSd'a-tha
A-mad'a-thus
Am'a-lek
Am'a-na, or A-

A'ho-lib'a-mah

A-haVba-i

A-bl'tub

Ab'sa-lom
A-bu'bus
A^/a-tan
Ae'ea-ron
A-^el'da-ma
A-eha/ia (-ya)

phe'us

A-has'a-i

A'bra-ham

A-bi'a-saph
A-bl'a-thar

Al-mo'dad

A-bl'ron

A/bel-mlz'ra-Tm

A'M-al'bon

Al'lon-baeh'uth
Al'mon-dib'latha'im
Al'na-thSn

Ag-ge'us
A-grip'pa

A'bel-shit'tim
A-bi'a

A/Jbel-me-ho'lah

A-11'ah
A-li'an

Ad'a-mah

A-bish/a-I

A-bed'-ne-go',
A-bed'ne-go

A-eu'a
Ad'a-dah

A-hish'a-har
A-hl'shar
A-hith'o-phel
A-hl'tub
Ah'lai

A-bPram
Ab'i-shSg

Ab'di-el

A-his'a-maeh

A-du'el
A'e-dFas
iE'ne-as

Xd'ra-myt'ti-um

A-hi'jah

A-hT'kam

A-hm'o-am
A-hFo
A-hl'ra

A-hl'ram
;

A-la'meth
A-lam'me-leeh
Al'a-moth
Al^i-mus
Al'e-ma

A-him'e-leeh
A-hi'moth
A-hin'a-dab

A'dri-el

care, far, ask, all,

Am'a-the'is

A'in
A-I'rus
Xj'a-lSn

A-hi'lud
A-hTm / a-Sz
A-hii'man

A'dri-a

e, t, o, ti, f, short

(aj'al-on) A-mas'a-i
Aij'e-leth Sha'har A-mas^a-I
(aj'e-lSth)
Am'a-sl'ah

Xl'e-me'th,

fere, vgil,

A-mit/tai

A-miz/a-bSd
Am'mi-doi

Am-mFhud

meth
;

A-mnVa-dab

orA-W- Am'mi-el

Al'ej-an'dri-a

wh^t

Am'a-thTs
Am'a-zl'ah
A-med'a-tha

tSrm

Am-mTn'a-dSb

pi'que, firm; sdn,

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.

Am-muFa-dTb

A-rell

AnFmi-shad'da-I
Ani-miz'a-bad

Ar'e-op'a-gTte
Ar'e-op'a-gus
Ar'e-tas (Ur. 'Aperas)

AnFo-rlte
Am-phlp'o-lis
AnFpli-as

Am'ra-phel

Bak/buk-I'ah

A-tar'ga-tis

A-re'us
A'ri-a-ra'theg
A-rTd'a-I

At'a-roth

Balaam

At'e-re-zl'as

or Ba'la-am
Bal'a-dan

(ba'lam),

BaPa-mo

Ath'a-rl'as
Ath'e-no'bi-tis
Ath'lai

Ba-las^-mus
Bal-au'us

Ber'e-^hl'ah

Bo'a-ner'geg

Be-rPah

Boch'e-rjj

An'a-ha'rath

A-rTd'a-tha

At'i-pha

A-rFeh

At'tai
At'ta-11'a
At'ta-lus

Ban-na'ia
Ba-rab'bas
Bar'a-^hel

At-thar'a-teg

Bar'a-ehi'ab.

A-na'nl

A-ris'a-I

An'a-nFah
An'a-nFas

Ar'is-tar'^hus
Arls-to-bu'lus

Au'gi-a

A-nan'i-el

Ar'ma-ged'don
Ar-mo'nl

Au-te'as
Ay'a-ran
Av'a-ron

Ar'i-ma-the'a
A'ri-oeh

An'a-thoth

An'dro-nF^us
An'e-toth'Ite

A'ni-am
An'na-Ss
An-niFus,
nu-Qs

(ath-thar'a-teez)

Ar-phax'ad
or An'-

An'ti-llb'a-nus

An'ti-oeh
An'ti-o-chFa
An-tFo-hTs
An-tFo-ehus
An'ti-pas
An-tlp'a-ter

Ar'sanjSg
Ar'sa-reth

Ba'ru^h

Beth'-a'pam

A.-za/phi-6n

Bar-zll'la-i

Beth'-a'ven

faFa-moi'a-lus
al-de/a
SFi-tas

A-

za're-el

B e fch'-az'ma- veth

Bas^a-ma

Beth'-ba'rab

aFva-ry

Bash'e-math

Beth'-ba'sl
Beth'-bir'e-T
Betb'-dlb/latha'im
Beth'-e'den
Beth'-e'inek
Be-the^'da
Beth'-e'zel
Beth'-ga'der

'a ; naan (ka'nan,

or ka'na-an

Bas'ta-i

A-za'zel

Bath'-shS'ba, or
Bath'she-ba

Az'a-zFah
Az-baz'a-reth
A-ze'kah
Az'e-phu'rith

Bath'-shvj'a.

Batb'za^b-a-rl'as
Bav/a-T

A-ze'tas

Be'a-li'ab.

A-zFa

B5'a-16th

Beb'a-I

As'e-nath

Be-^ho'ratb.

A-sS'rer

A-zo'tus

Be-e/ti-leth

Beth'-jes'l-moth

Az'ri-el

Bed'a-I'ah
Be-d5/iah(-ya)

BethMeb'a-oth
Car^he-mish
Beth'-le/bem, and Ca-re/ah

Bd'el-I'a-da

Betb/le-hem
Beth-lo'mon
Beth'-ma'a-^hah
BCth'-mar'ea-both
Beth'-me'on

Be'an

Ash'be-a
Ash'the-naz
AslFer
Ash'i-ma
Ash'ke-lon
AslFke-naz
AstFpe-naz

Az'ri-kam
A-zu{bah
Az'u-ran

Ba'al
Ba'al-ah
Ba'al-ath

Ap'pa-im

Ba'a-le

Ap'phi-a (5f fi-a)

As'i-bl'as
A'si-el

Ap'phus (affus)
Ap'pi-I Fo'rum

As'i-pha
As'ke-lon

Aq/ui-la

As'ma-veth
Ag'mo-de'us

Be-ePsa-rus
Be'el-teth'mus
Be-el'ze-bub
Be'er
Be-e'rah
Be'er-e'lim

B.

A-p6Flos
Ash'te-moh
A-p6Fly-6n (or a- AslFto-reth
poFyon)
Ash'ur

Be-e'rT
Bd'er-la-hai'-roi

Cas'leii

Cas'lu-him

Be^e-moth

Beth'-sa'i-da,

Cen^e-be'ua

Ba'al-im

Bel'e-mtts

yes'a-re'a

Ba'a-lis

B3'li-al

Beth'-sa'mos
Bethz-she'an
BCth'-she'mesh
Beth / -tap'pu-ab

Bel-shSz'zar
Be-na'iah (-ya)
Bert'e-be'rak

A'ram-zo'bah
AVa-rat

As-saFi-moth
As'sa-nFas

Ba/a-sha
Ba'a-si'ah

Ben/-ha'il

Ar'a-rSth
A-ra'theg

As'sa-re'nioth
As-shy 'rim
As'si-de'ang
As'su-e'rus
As'ta-roth
As-ty'a-geg

Ba^ehi-deg
Bac-^hu'rus

Ben'-ba'nan

Ba-bu'mus
Ba-hu'rim
Bak-b5k/kar

too, took; urn, rue, pull

Ben'e-ja'a-kan

Ben'-ha'dad

Ba-^e'nor
Ba-go'as
Bag'o-i
Ba-ha/rum-Tte

8a

Ca-slph'i-a

Ba/al-I

Bel'ma-im

or, do, wolf,

Car/pha-sal'a-ma
far'she-na

Ce'dron
CeFlan

Ba'a-nah

Car-ma/ni-ang
Car'na-im
f'ar'ni-on

Ba/al-ba'mon
Ba/al-ba'nan

Ba/al-ze'bub

A-syn'cri-tus
At/a-rah

S'ri-a

Beth'-phe'let
Beth'-ra'pha,
Beth'-re'hob

Ba'a-al'as
Ba'a-ra
Ba/a-se'iah (-ya)

A-sBp'pim

(-do'sbi-a)

Ca^a-ba'^i-on
Car'tba-mis

-Ca-thiFa

As-phar'a-stlg
As'sa-bl'as

Cap/pa-do'ci-a

Beth'pba-ge

As-nap'per
As'pa-tha
As'ri-el

Bfth'-nirn'rah
Beth-o'ron
Beth'-pa'let
Bgth'-pe'or

Caph'to-rim.

Be-e'roth
Be'er-sh5 / ba, or
Be-er'sbe-ba
Be-esh'te-rah

Ar'a-bat-tha'ne
(ar'a-bath-tha'ne)
Ar'a-bat-tFne
Ar'a-dfis
[im
A/ram-na/ha-ra/-

Are-tu'rus

^a-pben'a-tba

Ca-pM/ra
CSph^ho-rim

Be'shor

Ash'ta-roth

AVehe-la'us
Ar-h!p7 pus

a-per / na-Qm
Gaph'ar-sal'a-ma

A-zFza
Az'ma-veth

AslFri-el

Ar-bo'na-T

ClFnaan-Tte
(-nan-or-na-an-)
tan'da-^e

A'zi-el

A-zFe-i

As'e-bi'a

Ap'ol-loph'a-neg

estine)

Cal-lis/the-neg

Beth'-ga'mul
Beth'-ha^'ge-rem
Bethz-ha'ran
Beth'-hog'lah
Bgtb'-ho'ron

As^ea-lon
A-s5'as
A-seb'e-bFa

Ap'ol-lo'ni-a
Ap'ol-lo'ni-us

A-rau'nah
Ar-be'la(m Pal-

(^aes'a-re'a

Ca-Fnan (KcuVap)

Bas'a-lotb

Az / a-rT'as

A-peFleg

Ar'a-bah

B'ar'ti-me'us

As'a-hel

An'to-thite

AplFseg

Betb'-ar'a-bah

Az'a-nl'ah

As'a-hFah
As'a-Fah

A-pa'me

A-pher'ra

ea'ia-phas (-ya-fas]

Bar-thoFo-mew

Bas'i-lis

An'to-thite

A-phFah

ad/mi-el

Betb/^'noth
Betb x a-ny

Az'a-rFah

As'a-na

A-phe/kah

Bet^-ne

As'a-el

A-sar'e-el
As'a-re'lah
As-baz'a-reth

A-phe^e-ma

Ba-ri'ah
Bar'na-bas

Bar'ta-eus

A-z&r'e-el, or

An'to-thPjah

Buk-kFah

Be-ro^bah
Ber/o-thid
Ber-re'tho
Ber-zG'lus
Bes / o-d5'iah (-ya)

Bar'a-ehT'as

Az'a-el
Az'a-S'lus
Az'a-11'ah

Az'a-ra

An-to'ni-a

A-phar'sa^h-Ttes
A-ph'ar'sathhltes
A-phar'sites

Bo/chim'
[dan Bo'oz
Be-ro'da^h -bal'a- Bot'o-ra

Beth-ab'a-ra
Beth'-a'nath

A-riFmah

An-tlp'a-tris

Biz-joth/jah

Ba-ro'dis
Bar'sa-bas

Ar'te-mas
Ar'u-both
As'a-dPas

Bi-thyn^i-a

Be-rFTtes
Ber-ni'^e

Bar-hQ/mlte

Au-ra'nus

Ar'o-dl
Ar'o-er

Bl-thFah

AttFa-lFah

An'a-Fah
An'a-klm
.An'a-mim
A-nanFme-leeh

A'ri-el

Mace,

ix. 4.

[nu-I
Bin-nu'i, or Bin'BiVza-Yith.

Be-rS'a, 2 Mace.
xiii. 4; Acts xvii.
10, 13, and xx. 4.

Ath'a-I'ah

Bal-tba'sar
Ban'a-I'as

An'a-el

497
BTn'e-a

Ber'a-I'ah
Be're-a, 1

e, i, o,

silent
;

Chal-de^a

[lah
Be-ii'-

BTg'tha-na

Chem'a-rimg
Che-na'a-nah
^hgn'a-ni

Big'ra-I

BTFe-am
Bil'ga-

hard; ag

Cha're-a

Char'ran
Chas'e-ba
^hed/or-la'o-mer
CheFci-as (-shT-as)
he-liFbai

Be-zSl'e-el

q, g, soft; e, g,

Chae're-as

Chan'nu-ne'us
Beth 'u-ll'a, or Be- Char'a-ath'a-lar
Char'a-ta
thii'li-a
Char'a-shim
Be-to'li-tis
Char'che-mish
Bet/o-mSs'tham

Ben/ - BFa-tas

Bgn'-zo'heth
Bgr'a-^hah
Ber'a-thl'ah

Cha'di-as

Be-thu'el

[nu Bgt'o-nim
Ben'i-nu or Be-nF- Beu'lah, or
Ben/ja-min
Be'zai
Ben'-o'ni
Ben-Du'I, or
nu-T

Cen^hre-a

exist

a as ng

this.

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.

498

Che-phFrah

E-lFa-li

D3'dan
Ded'a-nim

E-lFam

Da-mas'eus
Dan'i-el, or Dan'-

Ghe're-as

GheVath-im*

iel (-yel)

GheVeth-Ites
h3'rith
!liC' / rub (a city}
Ghes'a-lon
he-sitFloth

Che-thFim

Dan'-ja'au

ChiFe-ab
hiFi-on
Chin/ne-reth
CMiFrie-roth

GhT'os
his'leu
Ghlt/tim
hob'a-I

tha'im
(

st-lTsb/-

En'-sbe'mesb
En'-tap-pu'ab
Ep'a-phras

Cin'ne-1 th

QnFne-rotb.
(^ir'a-ma.

-tlau'di-a
Glau'di-us
f'le'o-pas

eiS'o-^a'tra

Gle'o-phas
CnFdus (nFdus)
CceFo-syr'i-a

Had'a-shah, or Ha
da'shah

Gal'e-ed

GaFga-la
Gal'i-lee

Ha-d;it'tah
Had/la-I

GaFli-o

Ha-do'ram

Giim'a-el
Ga-ma'li-el

Ilag'a-bah
Hag'ga-I
H&g'ge-ri
Ilag-yl'ab
Ha/gi-a
Ha'I

E'phai
Eph'e-sus
Eph'pha-tha
E'phra-Tm

Ga-za'ra
Ga-ze'ra
GG'bal
(Jed'a-ll'ah

Hak'ka-tan

Ced'e-on
Ge-dS'rah

Ha-ku'pba

E'phra-m
Eph'ra-tah
E-pTph/a-nG^

Gar'i zim

HaFi-ear-nSs'sus

Ep^-phT

Ged'e-rTte
Cie-dS'roth

Ilal-lo'esb

E'li-5'na-I
E'li-5'zer

E-sa'ias (e-za'yas)

Ged'e-rotb-a'im

Ham-mgd/a-tha

Dib'la-nn
Dib'la-tha'im
Dld'y-mfis

E-lFha-ba

E'sar-badMou

El'i-ho-5'na-I

Es'dra-5'lon

HaiTFoie-lech
Ilam-nioFe-kSth

EFi-ho'reph

Es-drS'loii

DlFe-an
Di-mo'nah
Dm'ha-bah, or
Din-ha'bah

E-lI'hu
BrE'jah

E-Sd'bri-as

Ge-ba'zi
(je-heu'na
GSl'i-loth
ijem/a-rl'ah
( ie-n8s / a-reth
i
Gen^e-sis

Gen-nd'sar
Uen-nG'us

Ha-nam'e-el

E'li-ei

Es'e-bon

El'i-ka, or E-11'ka

E'lim

phaz

Dod'a-vah
Po'eg
Do-rym'e-neg

Esh'-ba'al
E'sbe-an
Esh'ta-ul
Esh'ta-ul-Ites, or
Esb'tau-lTtes
Esh'te-mo'a, or

Esh-tSm'o-a
Esh'te-moh

Han'i-el

Han'na-thon

_ (-r5>-)

Han'oi-el

HSph/a-ra'im

Eth/a-nim

Gib'be-thon
Gib'e-ah
Gib'e-on
Gid-daFti
GTd'e-on

IIapb-ra / im

Eu-bu'lus

E-IIsh'a-phat
E-lTsb/e-ba

Eu-er'ge-teg

Har'a-dah
Har-b5'nah
Har'ha-T'ah
Har'ne-pher

Eu'me-neg
Gid'e-o'ni
Eu'na-tan
Eu-nT^e, or Eu'- GTFa-lai

EFi-shu'a
E-lis'i-mus
E-lT'u

Han'-

Ge-Q/el

E-Hsh'a-mah

E.

lla-nan'e-el
Ila-na/nT, or
a-nl
Ilan'a-nT'ah

Cie-niFbath
(JEr / ge-s5ne2
Ger'i-zim
Ger-rh5 / ai-aii

Ha'num

Eth/ba-al

mr'o-eh
Ha'ro-rTte

Gil-bo'a^rGIl-bo-a Ha-ro^heth

E'a-nSs.

E-lFud

Eu-o'di-as

GTF

Ha-ru'maph

Go-nFah

E'bed-mS'leeh^

E-liz'a-pban

-GorFo-m'ah
Go'os

Eb'en-e'zer, or Eb'- EPi-zS'us

en-e'zer
E-li'zur

GFlo-nlte
Gin'ne-tho
Gin/ne-thon

Go're

E-bl'a-s&ph

Eu'pa-tor
Eu-pbra'tjs
Eu-pol'e-mtis
Eu-ro^'ly-don
Eu'ty-ehtls
E'vil-me-ro'daeh

Har'u-phlte, or
Ha-ru'phTte
HSa'a-dT'ah
Hils/e-uu'ah
Hash'a-bl'ah

EPka-nah

E-bro'nah
E-eiFnus
Gou'tha. (kow'tha) Ee-bat'a-na
Gor'inth

El'la-sar

Go-rnFthus

El-mo'dam

EPna-am

El'pa-al

E'zi-on-ge'ber

Gor'gi-as

Ha-shu'bah
Ha-shiFpba

Eg'la-im
Ek're-bel

El'pa-let

Gor-ty'na

Has'se-na'ah

El'-pa'ran
l'te-k3h

Goth'o-lT'as
Go-thon'i-el

Ha-su'pha

E e-le'i-as'ti-us

Cy'a-mon
Qyr'a-ma
Cy-re'ne-

EFa-dah
EFa-sah

Ed-dFas

EVte-kon

[lad
El-to'lad, or El'to-

E'lath
EF-beth'-el
El'ci-a. (el'shi-a)

l'da-ah,

or El-

da'ah
E'le-Sd

Dab/a-reh
Dab'ba-shgth
ab'e-r5th
Da'bri-a
Da-eo'bl

E'le-a'leh
E-le'a-sa

DaFsan
DaFa-I'ah

a, e,

I,

o, u,

y, long; a, e,

6,

Hat^i-pha, or Ha*.

tFpha

Gud'go-dab

HaH/i-ta

GQr'-ba'aJ

Ha'a-hSsh'ta-rl

HSz^a-el
Ha-za'iah (-za'yi )
Haz'a-zon-tii'mar

Em-man'u-el

Gab'a-el

Ha-am'mo-nai

Haz/e-lel-po'nl

Gab'a-tha
Gab'ba-I
GSb'ba-tha

Ha-ba'iah (-ba'ya)

Ga'bri-as
Ga^bri-el

Hab'a-zi-m'ah

Ha'zi-el

Haeh'a-H'ah

GM'a-ra

Hach'i-lah

Haz'u-bah
Haz'zu-rim

G.
M-

En'-eg-la'im
I,

Gomorrah

For'tu-na'tJis

EnZ-eg^a-im,

E-leu'the-rfls
E-leu'za-I

DaFma-im'tha

F.

G6Fgo-tha
Go-lFath

E-m/za-I
EFy-ma'is
El'y-mas
El'y-me'ang
El'za-bad
El'za-pbSn

Em'ma-us
E-15'a-sah
E-nSs'i-bus
E'le-a'zar
E'ne-as (see
E'le-a-zQ'rus
EF-E-lo'he-Is/ra-el nfds)

Dad-de'iis

Hash/ab-nl'ah
Hash-baid'a-na
Hash-mo 'nah

Ed're-I

GQ'shT
GQ/thah, or
Guth'ah

D.

Ha-shab'nah

Ez'e-rl'as
E-zi'as

Ee-ele'ji-as'tes

Vy-rG'ni-tis

Ez'ba-I
Ez'e-cbT'as

GTr'ga-shlte

Glt^ta-Tm
GFzo-nite
GnFdus (nFdus)

El'aa-tban
El'o-htm
E-151

Cu'shan

vr

Geth-sem /a-ne

Do'tha-im

Go'li-us
Go-los'se

Ham'mo-nah,
Ham-mo'nab

Ha-mu el
Ha-m u'tal

Gesh'u-rT

Do-sith'e-us

Gol-ho'zeh

Ham'i-tal

E-so'ra
Est'ha-ol
Es'ther (es'ter)

E-lis'a-beth
EFi-sS'ua
E-11'sha

(seF-)

Go-los'si-ans (kolosh'I-anz)

Haeh'mo-nTte

Ga-la'tia (-lii'shi-a)

Had'ad-S'zer
Had'ar-e'zer

Gam'ina-dims.

E-lFa-thah

E-lim'e-lech
Dl'o-ny'si-us
EFi-o-5'na-I
(dFo-nizh'I-us)
DFos-co-rin'thi-us E'li-o'nas
El'i-phal
Di-St're-puSs.
E-liph'a-ldh
DTz'a-hab
E-lTph'a-let
Pod'a-i
El'i-phaz, or E-1FDSd'a-nTm

i-a)

Haeh'mo-nT

GSd'di-el
Ga'ius (ga'yus)
Gal'a-ad

E-paph'ro-di'tus
E-pen'e-tus

E-lI'dad

DeiFter-on'o-my

i-rlsh'a-

En'-go'dl
En'-hak-ko're
En'-ba'zor
En'-ro'^el

Des'sa-u(Gr. Aeoa-aov)

Gho-ra/zin
Coios'a-me'us
Gho-zc'ba,

En'-gan'nim

DeuFo-phon
De-Q'el

-Ghor'-a'^'ian

En'e-mes'sar
E-ne'ni-us

E-lFa-o'ni-as
E-11'a-saph
E-h'a-shlb
E-lFa-sib
E-lFa-sis

Pe-ha'vTtes
Del'a-T'ah
Del'i-lah
De-mG'tri-Qs

Chet-tl'iui

Ci-h'ci-a,

De~eap'o-lis

shi-a)
Dilm'a-ris

mo'nai

Ghu'sha

Dath'e-ma
Deb'o-rah

El-ha'nan
E-lFab
E-lFa-da
E-lFa-dah
E-lFa-das
E-lFa-dun
E-H'ah
E-lFah-ba
E-h'a-kim

Pal-ma' ti-a (-ma/-

Chtfn'a -At'ah

ii, 5',

or

Hat-ta'a-vah
Hat'ti-eon

HaVi-lah

H.

Hab'ak-kuk,
Ha-bak'kuk

or

Ha-ze'rim
Ha-ze'roth
Haz'e-zon-ta'-mar

short; care, tar, ask, all, what, ere, veil, tSrm, pique, firm

s6n,

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.

Heg'a-I
Hel-ehl'ah
Hel-^hi'as
Hel'da-I

Ir'-she'mesh

Jar'muth

I^aac (I'zak)
I-ga'iah (I-za/ya)
Is-ear'i-ot

Ja-ro'ah
JaVa-el
Ja-sho'be-am
Jasb'ub
Jasb'u-bT-le'hem

He-lFas

jfs'da-el

He'li-o-do'rus

Ish'bi-be'nob
Ish'-bo'sheth

Hel'ka-I
Hel-kl'as

HSn'a-dSd
Heph'zi-bah, or
Heph'zi-bah
Her-mog'e-ne^

Her'od
He-ro'di-as
He-ro'di-on

HeVe-ki
Hez'e-ki'ah
He'zi-on
Hez'ra-I
Hid'da-I
Hid'de-kel

Jash'ub-ites

499
Lem'u-el
Le-tQ/shim
Llb'a-nus

Jo-se'phug
Josh'a-bad
Josh'a-phat
Josh'a-vi'ah

Je-rah'me-el
Jer'e-ehus
Jer'e-mai
Jer'e-mi'ah

Lo'-Sm'nil, or Lo-

Sm'mi

Jer'e-moth

Josh-bek'a-shah

Je-ri'ab.

Jos'i-bl'ah
Jos'i-phl'ah

Lo'-de'bar
Lo'-rij'ha-mah

Jot'ba-thah
Joz'a-bad
Joz'a-ehar

Jer'i-bai

Ish/me-el-Tte

Ja'zi-el

Jer'i-moth

Joz-'a-dak

Loth /'a-su'bus
Ly^e'a-o'ni-a
Ly-sa'ni-as
L^'si-as (lish'T-as)

Ish'me-rai
Ish'u-ah
Ish'u-ai

Je'a-rim

Je'ri-6t_h

Ju'sbab-he'sed

Ly-sim/a-^hus

Je-at/e-rai

Jer/o-bo'am

Je-ber'e-ehi'ah
Je-bu'sT

Jer'0-ham

Jee'a-ml'ah

Je-rub'e-sbeth
Jer'u-el

I-shT'ab
Ish/ma-el

Ja'si-el

Ja-su'bus

JG'ri-el

Ish'ma-I'ah

Jatb'ni-el

Je-rl/jah

jfeh'u-i

Is'ma-ehi'ah
ls'ma-T'ah

Jer'i-eho

Jeeh'o-LI'ah
Jeeh'o-nl'as
Jee'o-li'ah

li'ra-el

Je-riib'ba-al

M.

K.

Ma'a-ebah

Kab'ze-el

Je-rij'sa-lem
Je-rij/sha

JeVo-m'ah

Je-sa^ah (-ya)

Ka'desb-bar'ne-a
Kad'mi-el

Je-sha/iab (-ya)

Kal'la-T

Jesh'a-nah

Ka-re'ah

Ma-ad'ai
Ma/a-di'ah
Ma-a'!

Is/u-T
Itb'a-i

Jee'o-nl'as
Je-da/iah (-ya)
Je-de'iab (-ya.)
Je-de'us

Je-shar'e-lah
Je-sheb'e-ab

Kiir'ka-a.

Ma-aPeh-a-rab'-*

Kar'na-im

bim

Hl-eVe-tnoth
HI-er / i-5'his
HT-er'mas
HI/ e-ron'y-mus

Ith'a-mar

Je-dT'a-el

jesh'i-mon

Ked e-mah

Maa-nl

Ith'i-el

Jed'i-dah
Jed'i-dT'ah

Je-shTsb'a-i

Ked'e-moth.

Ith/re-am
It'ta-1

J5/di-el

Hi'e-rij'sa-lem
Hig-ga'ion (-ga7-

It'u-rS'a
Iz'e-har
Iz'ra-hT'ah

Jed'u-thun

HI'el
HT'e-rap'o-lis
Hl-er'e-el

yon)
Hil-kT'ah

Hir-ea'nus
Hiz-kT'ah
Ho-ba'iah (-ba/ya)
Hod'a-i'ah
Hod'a-vi'ah
Ho-de'vah
Ho-dT'ah
Ho-di'jah

Is'sa-^har
Js-shl'ah
Is'tal-eu'rus
Is'u-ah

Je-5'1T

Je-e'lus
Je-e'zer
J 5'gar-sa'ha-du'-

Iz're-el

tha
Je-hi'le-el
Je'ha-le'le-el
Je-hal'e-lel

JS'a-kan
Ja-ak'o-bah
Ja-a'lah

Hol'o-l'er'neg

Ja-a/lam

Hor'o-na/im
Hor'o-nite
Ho-se'a
Hosh'a-i'ah

Ja'a-nai, or Ja-a7

Hosh'a-ma

Ja-a'si-el

Ho-she'a
Hu'rai
Hu'shai
Hy-das'peg
Hy'iue-nS'us

Ja-aVa-nl'ah

nai
Ja-ar'e-or'e-gim
Ja'a-sau

Ir'-naliash
I'ron
Ir'pe-el

MSeh'ba-riai

vah

Macb'be-nah
Maeb'na-de'bai
Mach-pe'lab
Mad'a-I
Ma-di'a-bun

Je'zi-el

Jez'o-ar

Kib'za-Tm
Kid'ron

Je-hi'el
Je-hi'e-ll

Jez'ra-M'ah

KTr'-bar'a-seth

Ma'di-an

Jez're-el

KTr'-ha-'resb

Mad-me'nah'

Je/biz-kl'ah

Jiph'tha-el
Jo'a-^baz

Kir-be^es

Ma-S'lus

Kir^i-ath
_
KYr/i-a-tba'im

Mag'da-le'ne

KTr'i-ath'i-a'ri-us

Magjdi-el

KTr'i-oth

Ma-gid'do
Mag'pi-ash
Ma / gor-mis / sa-bTb
Ma-ha'lah, or Ma'-

Je-ho'a-dah
Je-ho'a-haz
Je-ho'ash
Je'ho-ha'nan, or

Jez-H'ah

Jo'a-ebim
Jo'a-da'nus
Jo'a-haz
Jo'a-kim
Jo-a'nan

Ma-dl^b

MagMa-la

Jo'a-tham
Jo'a-zSb'dus

Kush-a/iab.

Jad-du'a

Je-hon'a-dab
Je-hon / a-tban
Je-ho'ram
Je'ho-shab'e-ath
Je-hSsh/a-phat
Je-hosb^-ba
Je-bosh'u-a

Joeh'e-bed

Ma'ba-lath

Jc-e'lah
Jo-e / zer

Ma-ha'le-el
Ma'ha-IT

Je-ho'vah

Joi'a-kim

Je-boz'a-bad
Je-hoz'a-dak
Je'bu-eal
Je-bu'dT
Je'hu-dl'jah

Joi'a-rib

Je-Fel
Je-kab'ze-el

Jon / a-dab

Lap'i-dSth
La-se'a

Jop'pe

La-sha'Ton

Jam/breg
Jam-nl/a

Jek'a-me'am

LaVtbe-neg

Mal/hi-el
Mal-^hT/jah

Laz'a-rus

Mal-^bi'ram

Ja-no'ah
Ja-phi'a

Je-ku'tbi-el
Je-mT'ma, or

Jo'ra-I
Jor'i-bas
JSr'i-bus

JlaKclii-shjj'a
Ma-le'le-el

Japh'le-ti, or
Japh-le'ti

Jem'i-ma
Jem'na-Sn

Jos'a-bad
Jos'a-pbat

Leb'a-nah
Leb'a-non
L6b'a-6th

JaVe-sI'ah
Jar'i-moth

Je-mu'el

Jos'a-pbi'as

Je-pbiin'neb.

Jos/e-deeh

Jah'zi-el
Ja/ir
Ja/i-rus, Esther.

i-rl'jah

Ma.c'-ea-be'us

Ke'ri-oth
Ke-tu'rah
Ke-zl/a
Kib/roth-hat-ta'a-

Je-hoi'a-rib

Id'u-me'a

ph'e-de'iah (-ya)

Mab^da-I
Mae'a-lon

Ker^n-bap'pu eh

Ja-da'_u

Jah'ma-I

11-lyVi-eum

Ma'a-sl'as
Ma ; a-zi'ah

KeFi-ta
Ee-mu'el

Jab'ne-el

Ja-a'zi-el

I-da'lah
Id'u-el

Mai

Kei'lab
Ke-la'iab

Knyjath-je'a-rim
RTsh'i-on
KTt/ron
KoFa-I'ah

Ja/ha-zi'ah
Tb/le-am
Ib-ne'iah (-ne'ya) Ja-ha'zi-el
Ib-nl'jah
Jah/da-I
Jab^i-el
leh/a-bod
I-eo'ni-um
Jab/le-el

I'im
Ij'e-ab'a-rim

Ma'a-rath
KG'desh Naph'ta-H Ma'a-se'iah (-ya)
Ma-aVi-ai
Ke-hel'a-tbah

Jeh-de'iah (ya)
Je-beVe-kel
Je-hT'ah

Je-ho'ha-nan

Ja-ba'zah

Ig'e-al

Je-sT'ah
Je-sim'i-el
Jes'su-e
Jes'u-T
Je'u-el, or Je-u'el
Jez'a-nT'ah
JCz/e-bel
Je-zS'lus
Je-zT 7 ah

Je-hoi'a-ehin
Je-hoi'a-da
Je-hoi'a-kim

Ja-a'zer
Ja/a-zi'ah

Ja/el
Ja-h51/e-lel

rg'da-ll'ah

Jesh^-ba-T'ah
Jesh'u-run

Ma-afib'a-thi

Jab/ze-rah

J a-I'rus, New Test.

or, do, wglf, to"o, to"ck

Jek'a-mT'ah

urn, rue, pull

Jo'a-rib

Ma'ba-na'im
Ma/ha-neb-dan

Jog'be-hah
Jo-ha/nan
Jo-ban'neg

Jok'de-am

Jok/me-am
Jok'the-el

Jor'ko-am

9, g, soft

hash'-baz
Ma-an'e-as
Mak-he^otb.

La-hai'roi
La-od'i-ce'a

Jok'ne-am

Ma-har'a-I
Ma-ba'zi-oth
Ma/ber-sbal/al-

La'a-dah
La'a-dan
Lab'a-na
La/hish
La-^u'nus

Joi'a-da.

o, silent

ha-lab
Ma-ha'Ia-le'el

Mak-be'dah

MaKa-^M
Mal-thl/ah

"

MaPlo-tbT
Ma-ma'ias (-ya?)
Mam-ni'ta -nai 'mus

Leb-be'us
Le-bo'nab.

Ma-mfi^hus

Le/ha-bim
;

e, g,

hard

ag

exist

Q as ag

this.

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.

500
MSn'a-gn
MSn'a-hSth

Me-sMPle-mitb.
Me-shTPle-moth
Me-sho'bab

MatPas-sG'as

Na'i-dus
Na/in
Na-nS'a
Na-o'ml, or Na'o-

Man'li-tts

Me-shQPle-mgth

Ma-no'ah

Mes'o-ba'Ite
MSs'o-po-ta'mi-a
Me-td'rus

Nilph'i-sT

Mgth'o-ar

Naph'tu-him

Me-thu'sa-el
Me-thiPse-lah

Na-than/a-el
Natb'a-nT'as
Naz'a-retb

MSr'a-lah
Mar'a-nath'a, or
Mar'a-na'tha
Mar/do-ehd'us
Ma-rS'shah

Mar'i-moth

Me-iPnim
Mgz'a-hab

Mar'i-sa

Mar'se-na
Mas'a-loth

Ma-sPas

Mas^e-kah

MPa-min
Ml-ea'iah (-ya)
MPeha-el, or MP-

Ne-ba'ioth (-yotb)
Ne-ba'joth

Ml-ehiPas

Mat'ta-nah

Mat'ta-nPah
Mafta-tha
Mat'ta-thah
Mat'ta-thPas

MT-le'tus

Mat'te-na'I
Mat-the'las

Mir'i-am

Mi-uPa-mln
Mfs'a-el
Mish'a-el

Mat-thPas (maththPas
MPsbe-al
Mat'ti-thT'ah
Mish-man'aah
Maz'za-roth

Me-a'rah
Me-btin'nai
Meeh'e-rath-Ite

Mei'a-ba
Med'e-ba
Me-S'da
Me-bet/a-bel

Pi-le'ser

Pil-nE'ser
PiPtai

Nc'hi-loth
Ne-Pel, or Ne'i-el

Par-'ij-ah

Mo'o-sPas

Me-hu'ja-el

Mo'ras-thTte
Mor'de-eai

Ne-zPah

Neth'i-nimg
Ne-to'phab
Ne-toph / a-tbi

Mor'esh-etb-gath

Nl-ea'nor

Me'-jar'kon

Mo-rPah

Mek'o-nah
MePa-tPah
Mel-ehPah

Mo-sS'ra
Mo-sS'roth

NIe'o-la'i-tang
NT-eSp'o-lis

Mel-ehi'as
MeP-ehi-el
Mel-hig / e-dee

My^si-a (mizh'i-a)

NPger
NnPe-veh
No'a-dPah
No'-a'mon

Me-mu'an
Men'a-hem
Me-nes'theus
Me-orPe-nim
Me-oiPo-tbai
Meph'a-'ath
Me-phib'o-sheth

dan

O^i-dd'lus

O^i-na
Od'o-nar'keg

Ol'a-mus

Sab'a-tS'us
Sab'a-tus
Sab'ba-the'us
Ptol'e-ma'is (toP-) Sab-be'us
Ptol'e-me'us (toP-) Sa-be'ang

Pu-te/o-11
PQ/ti-el

Q.

R.

Rab'sa-peg

Pe-thu'el
Pe-31'thai

Rab'sa-ris

O'me-ga, orO-me'-

ga

Me-shePe-mPah

Na-har'a-I

Na'ha-ra'im
Na'ha-ri

Pbal-da'ius (-yus)
Pha-le'as
PhaPti-el
Pba-nu'el

Rab^sha-keh
Rad'da-I

Pha-se'lis

Phas'i-ron
Phas'sa-ron

sapia-i
Sal-lu'inus

SaPman-a'sar
Sal-mo'ne
Sa-16'me
Sam'a-el
Sa-ma'ias (-yas)
Sa-ma'ri-a (classical pron.

SanP-

a-rPa)

SanPa-tus
Sa-me'lus (-yus)

Ra^gau
Ra'ieg

Sam'o-thra'ci-a

Ra-gu'el

Samp'sa-meg

Ra/math-a'im

San'a-bas'sa-rus
San'a-sib

Pbar/a-^im
Ram/a-tbem
Pha'raoh (fa'ro or Ra-me'seg

Pha-se'ah, or
Pba'se-ah

Sab'te-ehab
Sad-de'us
Sad'du-^eeg
Sa'ha-du'tha

Sa-la'tbi-el

Per'ga-mos

Pha-rPra

Sa'bi-5

Sad'a-mPas

Pe-nu'el
Per'a-zim

Oro'a-e'rus

S.
Sa/baeh-tba'nl
Sab'a-oth, or Saba'oth

Sapa-mis
Quin'tus Mem'mi- Sai'a-sad'a-I

Pe-lT'as
Pe-ni'el
Pen-tap'o-lia

fa'ra-o)

Rij'ba-niab

Pris-cil'la

Pel'a-i'ah
PePa-lT'ah
Pel'a-tl'ab

Phar/ a-th5'ni

Me-sbez'a-beel
Me-shez'a-bel

1,

Pot/i-pbar
Po-tlph'e-rab

Ped'a-hel
Pe-dah'zur, or
Ped'ab-zQr
Pe-da'iah (-ya)
Pek/a-hl'ah

Ol'i-vet
0l/o-f5r'ne

On'e-slph'o-rus
O-nT'a-reg
O-ni/as
O-rl'on

long; S, ,

Proeh'o-rus

Pos'i-do'ni-us

Ra-am'aeg
Rab-bd'nl

O-nes'i-mus

o, u, y,

Pa'u

Por-'ci-us (-shi-us)

Ra'a-mPah

O^hi-el

Reij'mah

Rbe'gi-um (re'-)
Rh8d'o-ds (r6dM
RPbai
Rob'o-am
Rod^a-nim

Pon'ti-us Pl'late
(pon'shi-us)

Ra'a-raab

Na-banPa-ni

1,

Por'a-tha

PEr/me-nas

Me-roiPo-thlte

e,

Pat/a-ra
Pa-thS'us
Path'ros
Path-ri/'sim
Pat'ro-bas
Pa-tro'elus

Pe-ru'da
Petb'a-hl'ab

Na'ha-161

a,

Poeb'e-reth

Pe-rl'da

Ob'a-di'ah
Ob-dl'a

[deez)
(-ya-

Ple'ia-ddg

Per-sep'o-lis

(Pba-dPah, or

Na'a-rai

Na'a-ran
Na'a-rath
MeVa-Pah
Na-asb'on
Me-raL'ioth (-yotb) Na'a-thus
MeVa-rT, or Me-ra/- Nab'a-rl'as
rl
Nab'a-the'ang
Mer'a-tha/im
Nab'u-ehodon'oMer'e-moth
sor
Mgr'i-bah
Na-dab'a-tha
MeVib-ba'al
Na'ha-lal
Me-ro'daeh-bal'a- Na-ha'li-el

Pl-sid/i-a

Par-va'im or Par'va-im
Pa-se'ah

Phae'a-retb
Pbai'sur

Re-u'el, nr Re/ei

Ro-ge'lim
Ro'i-mus
Ro-mam'ti-e'zer

Plr'a-thon

NonPa-deg
Nu-me'ni-Gs

O.

N<Pa-ma-thTte
N.Pa-mltes
Na'a-rah

Pib'e-setb

No-e'ba

Na'a-mah
Na'a-man

MePi-ta

ar
Re'pha-el
Reph'a-I'ah

Re-zi'a

Pal'ti-el

Me-ho'lah

Rem/a-H'ab
Rem'uibn-mgth'o

Pbin'e-as
PhiD/e-has
Phy-gel'lus

Phi-loKo-gus

Rsa

Reph/a-im
Repb'i-dim
R3'u

Pbi-lis'tlne

Pam-ph^l/i-a
Par'me-aas
Par-shan'da-tha

Re^ha-bl'an

Re'ho-bS'am
Re-h5'both

PblFo-me'tor

Pa^es-tTne

Netb'a-nPah

N.

O-zo'ra

Pll'e-ha

Me-bPda

Md'le-a
MgPi-efl

PhI-16/mon

PT'-ha-hProth

[im Neph'tha-lim
Mls're-photh-ma'- Neph'to-ah
Mis'sa-bib
Ne-phu'sim
Mith're-datb
NSr'gal-sba-re'zer
Mit/y-15'ne
Ne'reQs
MTz'ra-im
Ne-rPah
Mna'son (na'son) Ne-rPas

MePehi-shu'a

PhT-le'tus

Pal'es-tl'na

Ne-phlsh'e-sim
Neph'tha-IT

Mo-soPla-mon

O'zi-el

Pa/I

Mo'a-dPah
MoPa-dab

Me-hiPman
Me-hu'nim

Phi-lar'ehe^

Phil'a-del-phl'a)

Neb'u-shas'ban
Neb'u-zar-a'dau
Ne-eo'dan
Ned'a-bi'ah
NS'e-ml'as
Neipi-noth
Ne-hePa-mTte

Ne-k5'da
Ne-miPel

MTsh'ra-Ttes
Mls'pe-reth

Maz'i-tT'as

Otb'ni-el
Otb'o-nl'as
O-zI'as

Pl'-bij'seth, or

zar

MTg'dal-61
MTj'a-min
Mik-ne'iah (-ya)
MTPa-la'I

Pber'e-zTte
PhT-be'seth, or
Phib'e-seth
Pbil/a-del'pbi-a
(classical pron.

Pa7a-rai
Pa'gi-el

Neb'u-ehad-nez'-

MTeb'me-tbah

Ma-thiPsa-la

Naph'ta-li

NS'a-rPah
Neb'a-T

-ehael (-kel)

Mas-sPas
Math'a-nPas

ml

Sr'tho-sT'as
O-ga'ias (o-za^yas)

O-^e'a
O-se'as
O-shd'a, or O'she-a

(-thra/shl-a)

San-baPlat

Ra-mPab

Saph'a-tl'as

Ra'pha-el, or Ra'
phael (-fel)

Sap-pbPra

Rapb/a-im
Ra-thQ/mus, or
Ratb/u-mus

(saf-fi'-

ra)
Sar'a-bl'as
Sa'rai

Sar'a-Pah

Re'a-T'ah

Sa-ra'ias (-yas)

Re'el-a'iab (-ya)

Phe-m'ce

Re-ePi-us

Phe-ni'ci-a

Ree-sa'ias (-yas)

Sar'a-mel
Sar-^hed/o-nus
Sar-de'us

Re'gem-me'leeb

Sa're-a

(-nish/i-)

6, u, f, short j cSre, far, ask, all,

what, ere, veiL tSrm, pique, ffrm

s6n,

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.

afa-ro'thi-e

Sib/ra-im
Si'cy-on (sish'i-on)
Si-gi'o-noth

Sbash'a-I
Sba'ul

501

Tan'hu-metb

T^r'i-ang

Tap'pu-ab

Ty'rus

Sar-se'^hiru
Sath'ra-bu-za/neg
SXv'a-raj

Sbe-Sl'ti-el

Sa'vi-as
Sfe'va (se'va)

Sbe^ar-ja'sbub
Sbeb'a-nl'ab

S^y-tbop'o

Sbeb/a-rim

Si-lo'e, or Sll'o-e

SI'mal-eu'e

SFnii

Tel'-a'bib

Sed'e-fl'as
Se'i-ratb
Sealed

Sbeb'u-el
Sheeh'a-nl'ab
Sbed'e-ur
Sbe'ba-ri'ah
Sbel'e-ml'ah

Te-bapb'ne-beg
Te-ko'&

SIp'pai
SIr'i-on

Tel'a-im
Tel'-ba-r5'sba

SI-sam'a-I

SeKe-mT'a

Sbel'o-uii

Sis'e-ra

Se-ieu'ci-a (-shi-a,
classical pron.

Sbel'o-mith
Shel'o-moth

Sod'o-ma

Tem'a-ni
Tbad-dc'us, or
Tbad'de-Qs

Sop'a-ter

ThanVna-tba

U-ri'as
U'ri-el

SePeu-^I'a)
Se-leu'eus

Shel'mi-el, or

Sopb'e-retb
Soph'o-ni'as

The-eo'e

U-rFjab

The-la/sar

U'tba-I

So-sip'a-ter
Sos'tbe-nes.
Sos'tra-tus
Sd^ta-i
Sta/-ehys

Tbe-o^a-nus

U'za-I
ttz'zab

Stepb'a-nas

Thim'na-tbab

Sa'ba-I
SO'di-as
Su'san-ebites

Tboni'o-i
Tbra/ci-a (sbl-a)
Thra-sS'as
Thy'a-tl'ra

lis (si-)

Se / a-eah
Se^b'e-nl'as

Sem'a-ehi'ab
Sem'a-I'ab

She'a-ri'ah

She-ma'ah
ShenVa-ah

Shem'a-I'ah
Sbem'a-rl'ah
Sem / e-I
SbeoVe-ber
Se-nieVli-us
Se-na/ab or Sen'a- Sbe-ml'da
Sbem'i-nitb
ah
Sen-naeb'e-rib, or She-mlr'a-moth
Sen'na-^bo'rib
Sbe-mu'el
She-na'zar
Se-nu'ab
Sbepb'a-tl'ab
Se-o'rim
Sbe-pbu'pban
Seph'a-rad
,

Sepb'ar-va'ini
Se-phe'la
Ser'a-I'ab
Ser'ift-Qs

Sha'al-ab'bin
Sha-31/ be-ni te
Sba'a-ra'im
Sbab-betb'a-I
SbaVeb'i-a
Shfid'da-I

Sba'ba-ra'im
Sha-haz'i-matb
Sbal'i-sba
Shal'le-eheth

Sbal'ma-I
Sbal'ma-ud'^er
Sbam'a-rl'ab

Sber'e-bl'ab
Sbe-rS'zer
SbS'sbai
Sbe'tbar-boz'na-I
Shib'bo-leth
Sbig-ga'ion (-yon)
Sbi-gT'o-notn

8y-3'ltto

Sy-S'ne
Syn'ti-ebe
Syr'i-on

Sy'ro-phe-m'ci-an
(-nisb'I-an)

Sbi-lo'nl

The-od'o-tus
The-opb'i-lus
Ther'me-letb
Tbes'sa-lo-nl'ca

Tl-be'ri-as
Tl-be'ri-us
Tig'lath-pi-lS' S er
Tll'gath-pi 1-ne '^er

Sbim'e-ah

Shim'e-am

Ta'a-naeh
Tab'a-otb
Tab'ba-oth
Ta'be-al
Ta/be-el

jSblm'e-atb
Sbim'e-I

Tir'sha-tba
To-bi'ab
To-bl'jab
To-g'ar'mah

Ta-bel'li-us

ToPba-neg
To'pbel

Try-pbe'iia

Sbo-shan'mm

Tah'pe-nfig

Try-pho'sa
Tu/bi-e'nl

Sbar/on
Sha-rj^ben

^bjj'tbe-lah
Slb'be-ebai

Tah're-a
Tai'i-tba-eu'ml

took;

of

old
t)r / -

ban)

lal'mai

Traeb'o-ni'tis
Trlp'o-lis

Tro-gyPli-Qra

Troph'i-mus

Ty^b'i-^us
Ty-ran'nus

flrn, rije, pull; e, i, 0, silent; 9, g, soft;

Za/re-ab
Zar'e-pbatb

Zar^-tan

U-rl'ab

Zar'ta-nab
Zatb'o-e
Za-tbu'i
Zeb'a-di'ab
Ze-ba'im
Ze-bi'na

Uz-zPab
Uz-zl'el or tJz^i-el

Ze-boFim
Ze-bS/im
Ze-bu'dab
Zeb'u-luii
Zecb'a-ri'ah
Zed'e-ehl'as
Zed'e-ki'ah
Ze-lo/pbe-bad

V.
Va-jeVa-tba,

Ze-lo'teg

Va-m'ab

Zeir/a-ra'im
Ze-mi'ra
Ze'nas
Zeph'a-nl'ah

Zepb'a-thab
Zer'a-bl'ab

Ze^a-i'ab
Zer'e-da
Ze-red'a-thah
Zer'e-ratb

(zan'-)

Ze-rij'ab

Z.

T5'bi-el

Shu'ba-el

or, dQ, \v91t, too,

spelling

X.

Sbo'ebo

Sbar'a-I

Zar'a-i'as

Xan'thi-cus

Sha-re'zer

Sbo'ba-I

Zar'a-peg

U-pbar'sin
Gr/bane [an

Tl-me'us
Tim'na-thah

Shar'a-Im

Shit'ra-i

ne'ah
U'la-I

Ti-mo'the-us
Tir'ba-kab
TTr'ha-nab

T&b'e-rab
Tab'i-tba
Tab'ri-mon
Taeb'mo-nite
Ta-bap/a-neg
Tab'pan-berj

Shim'e-on
Sbim'sbai
Sbipb'rah

Sbam'sbe-ra'!

Zaph^atb-pa'a-

Tir'i-a

Shi'lo-nlte, or Shilo'nite

Sbam'ma-I
Sbani'mu-ab

Za-no^h

u.

Teb'a-ll'ah

T.

Shi-15'ali

Za^h'a-ry
Zal-mo'nab

Tar'a-lab

Si-lo'ab, or Sil'o-ab Tii're-a

Si-lo'am, or SIl'o- Tat'na-I

am

Zaeh'a-ri'ah
Zaeh/a-ri'as

Za'a na'im
Za'a-nan
Za'a-nan'nim
Za/a-van
ZSb'a-dae'ang
Zab^-da'ias (-yas)
Zab^bai
Zab-de/us
Zab^dl
Zab^i-el
Zab'u-lon

Ze-rhb^ba-bel
Ze'ru-I'ab
Zlb/e-on
Zlb'i-ah

Zid-kPjah
ZIFtbai

ZFpbron
Ziprpo'rah
Zo-be'bab
Zo'be-leth
Zo'pbai
Zo're-ah
Zo-rob'a-bel

Za^^a-i

Za'ri-el

Zae-ebe'us

Zu/ri-shad'da-I

a, g, hard; as

e^ist

b as ng;

tiiis.

PRONOUNCING VOCABULARIES
OF

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

Br

J.

THOMAS,

AUTHOR OF THE SYSTEM OF GEOGRAPHICAL PRONUNCIATION

M.

D.,

IN LIPPINCOTT'S

GAZETTEER OF THE WORLD.

ELEMENTS OF PRONUNCIATION
OF THE PRINCIPAL MODERN LANGUAGES OF CONTINENTAL EUROPE.
8. Ae, or a, is usually pronounced like a in fate, or e in
VOWELS.
In the languages of Continental Europe, a never has met. In Dutch and Flemish ae sounds like a in far. In
the
modern Dutch orthography, ae is replaced by aa. Thus,
a sound like that in the English words fate or name, but is
usually like the a in far or father, often approximating that the name formerly written Haerlem, is now Haarlem, Maes
is
changed
into Maas, &c.
In Hungarian it is sometimes like o iu not.
in. fat.
9. Ai and ay are usually proper diphthongs, being com2. E generally has a sound similar to a in fate, or else to
pounded
of
the sound of a as in far and i as in fig, thus
In Swedish, e, when
e in met. In French it is often silent.
long, has a sound resembling that of short i, but more nearly corresponding in sound to our long i. In French,
prolonged. Thus, Carlcn might be pronounced kar-tiin'. and in Modern Greek, they are pronounced nearly like ay
in the English word day ; that is, like the long a in fate.
When short, it is like e in met.
10. Au has generally the sound of ow in now.
In
3. I usually sounds as in marine : that is, like long e in
English. It is sometimes like our short i, as in pin. It is French au and eau have the sound of long o.
11. Ei and ey are generally proper diphthongs, uniting
important to observe that i final in French, Italian, and
Spanish, has the full, clear sound of ee in see; it should the sounds of a in fate and e in me, being similar to ay iu
therefore not be allowed to fall into t, as it is apt to do in day when this word is pronounced very full. In German
they are like our long i ; in French, nearly like our e irj
English or Anglicized words.
met, or a in fate.
4. O has for the most part nearly the same sound as in
12. Eu in French and Dutch has a sound uearly similar
Sometimes
it
is
long,
English.
as in no, but often it has a
sound intermediate between that of our o iu no and that in to u in the English word fur, but somewhat more prolonged.
This sound is intermediate between that of the
Russian,
not
accented,
short,
alrot.
In
o, when
is very
(See 14.) In
inost like a in father, or intermediate between this and that English short u and that of the German o.
German
eu
and au have the sound of oi in English.
in fat.
In Swedish and Norwegian, at the end of a sylla13. Ie at the end of a word is always pronounced in
ble, it is sounded like our oo.
French like e in the English word me. In German it is
5. U in most languages is pronounced like the English
oo.
In French (and in Dutch when it ends a syllable) it frequently so pronounced. In the middle of a word, ie,
both
in Dutch and German, always sounds like our long e.
may be said to combine the sounds of our oo and long e.
14. Oe, or o, occurs in several European languages.
In
If the speaker, after placing his lips in the position for proDanish,
however, instead of two dots being placed over the
nouncing oo, endeavors, without moving his lips, to utter
o, a mark is drawn obliquely through it (<}>).
The sound
the sound of ee, that of the French u will be produced.
6. Y is usually like
that is, like our e. In Danish, is unlike anv thing we have in English, but is nearest to
Norwegian, and Swedish, it sounds like the French u or that of u in fur, or e in her. If, while the lips are retained
German it. In Polish it resembles our short i, as in pin. in the position proper for forming o long, the speaker tries
In Dutch it is like our long i. It may be observed, that, to utter the sound of e in met (or a in fate), he will produce
according to the modern Dutch orthography, ij is substi- the sound of d. [ ffiSp^ This sound, as well as that of the
tuted for y. Thus, the old spelling Overyssel is replaced French u, should, if possible, be learned from an oral instructor.] In Dutch, oe sounds like our on.
by Overijssel, Bilderdyk by Bilderdijk, &c.
15. Oi in French is usually sounded like wd ; moi is
Diphthongs.
pronounced mwd ; roi,rwd; &c. Oi in the termination
7- Aa in Danish usually sounds ijearly like our a in fall,
of certain adjectives, was formerly used instead of ai, and
sometimes approaching o long. A (&) in Swedish sounds was pronounced like this diphthong. Now. however, oi in
like long o in English.
such words is almost universally replaced by ai. Thus,

1.

it,

(502)

GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

28. 5 in many European tongues, when between two

is very soft, having the sound of our z, or one very
near it. In German it is usually pronounced soft at the
beginning of a word. In Hungarian it sounds like our sh,

instead of Francois, Fran$oise (French), the forms Franais and Frangaise are now used.
16. Ou in French and in Modern Greek sounds like our
oo ; iu Dutch and Norwegian, like ow in the English word
now, or like ou in house. In Portuguese it is pronounced

vowels,

German

or the

sch.

29. T in several European tongues has a sound somewhat

more dental than in English. This is especially observable
in Spanish, in which language it is pronounced by putting

nearly like long o.

(See 5.)
1?. Ue or ii, has the sound of the French u.
Jgp"* A double Towel, in foreigu words, is generally
equivalent to the single vowel prolonged.

the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth.

in German aud some other languages is nearly
30.
similar to our v. It may be described as a v uttered with
the lips alone, without the aid of the teeth.
31. -X in Spanish generally sounds like a strongly aspirated h. (See 23.) In Portuguese it is pronounced like our

CONSONANTS.
The consonants in the languages of Continental Europe
are, for the most part, similar in sound to the same letters
in English. The following exceptions may he mentioned
18. B at the end of a word in German is pronounced
:

503

sh.

Between two vowels in Spanish its sound is somewhat similar to v, with which it is often interchanged as,
Cordoba, Cor.'ova, Sec.
This sound of b is formed by

32. Z in German and Swedish has the sound of ts ; in

Italian, z usually sounds like dz, zz like ts.
In Spanish it
pronounced like the English th in thin.

like p.

is

lips loosely or feebly into contact.

19. C before e and i in Italian is pronounced like ch in
the English word chill ; in the same position in Spanish it
sounds like the Spanish z or like our th in thin. In German, c before e, i, and y is pronounced like the German z,
or like ts in English. In Polish it has the same sound,
even at the end of a word.
20.
at the end of a word in German and Dutch is

bringing the

Combined Consonants.

Ch in Spanish has the same sound as in the English

word chill. In Italian, it is pronounced like k in German,
Polish, and some other languages, it has a guttural sound,
somewhat similar to a strongly aspirated h. This sound must
be learned from an oral instructor. In French (except in
the case of some words derived from the Greek), and in
D
pronounced like t. In Spanish and Danish, between two Portuguese, rh has the sound of our sh.
34. Cs in Hungarian sounds like ch in the English word
vowels or at the end of a word, it has a sound similar to th
in this.
21. In all the European languages g is hard before a, o,
and u ; in German, Danish, Norwegian, and Polish, it is
hard in every situation, though it sometimes has a guttural
sound. Before e and i (or y),in French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish, it. is like the./ of these languages. In the
same position in Italian it sounds like our j, or soft g. In
Dutch it is always pronounced like h strongly aspirated.
Gu before e and i, iu French, Portuguese, and Spanish,

sounds

like

hard.

22.
in French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, is
either never pronounced at all, or else is sounded so slightly
that an English ear can scarcely perceive it. In the other
languages of Europe it has the same sound as in English.
23. J in Italian, German, Polish, Swedish, Norwegian,

33.

church.
35. Cz in
like ts.
36.
in

Polish sounds like our ch

in Hungarian,

Dy

Hungarian blends the sounds of d and consonant ?/, and hence approximates the sound of our j. The
same combination occurs iu some English words, as in sol,

&c. (See 44.)

37. Ch in Italian is like gh in the English word ghost, or
in
game.
g
38. Gl in Italian, when followed by i, has the same
sound as Ih in Portuguese, or 11 in Spanish. Before a, o, or
u. the / following gl is silent.
(See 41.)
39. Gn in French and Italian (like n in Spanish) comdier, verdure.

bines the sounds of n and consonant y. (See 25.)

40. Gy in Hungarian blends the sounds of d and y conDanish, and Dutch, is pronounced like our y. In French sonant. Magyar is pronounced mod'y or'. (See 36.)
41. Lh in Portuguese, and 11 in Spanish, combine the
and Portuguese it has the sound of zh, or s in the English
word pleasure. In Spanish it is equivalent to x, being sim- sounds of I and y consonant, For example, velho is pronounced Tel'yo villa, veePya llano, ha/uo. Ly in Hunilar in sound to a strongly aspirated h.
LI in French,
24. Often at the end of a syllable, in French and Portu- garian has also the sound of 11 in Spanish.
guese,
and n are said to have a na'sal sound but, more when preceded by i, wasformerlv, in certain words, sounded
correctly speaking, dropping their own proper character, like the Spanish 11; but according to the modern popular
they impart nasality to the preceding vowels, which are pronunciation, all sound of the I in such words is dropped.
then sounded through the nose. For example, ban in Aurillac, formerly o'rePyak', is now generally sounded
French approximates in sound that indicated by bong in o're'yak'} Bouillon, formerly bool'yoK', is now boo'yoN',
English. Alem or alen, in Portuguese is pronounced almost &c. It may be observed, however, that public speakers,
a-lSng'. In pronouncing the nasal vowels in these lan- aud others who aim to be very correct in their pronunciaguages, care should be used not to press the back part of tion, still frequently retain the sound of the I.
42. Nh in Portuguese is pi-onounced like the Spanish n.
the tongue against the palate, as is done in producing the
30und of the English ng. In French, o before n nasal has (See 25 and 39.) Ny in Hungarian has the same sound.
note,
but
somewhat
shorter.
is
43. Sc in Italian, before c and i, sounds like the English
nearly the sound of our o in
That is to say, if the English word no be pronounced quickly, sh.
nasal,
the
sound
produced
will
44. Sz in Hungarian is sounded like sharp
with the vowel rendered
or ss ; but zs
is like our zh.
In Polish, sz sounds like our sh.
20rrespond almost exactly to that of the French non.
preserves
clear
sound
its
hence
45. Sch in German is pronounced like sh in English
in Italian before g usually
in
Marengo is pronounced almost md-renn'go ; in all or nearly Italian, before e and , it sounds like sk in English, and in
all the other languages, n in such cases approximates the Dutch, before all the vowels, its sound is similar, but
harsher and more guttural.
sound of the English n in link.
46. Th in all the modern languages of Continental
25. iVin Spanish (like gn in French and Italian, and nh
has the
in Portuguese) has a sound combining that of n and y con- Europe except Greek (in which the character
meen'yo. same sound as our th), is pronounced like simple t, or like
sonant. Mino and Minho are pronounced alike
26. Qu before e and i in Portuguese and Spanish, and th in the English word thyme.
47. Ts in Hungarian is like cs in the same language-,
before every vowel in French, has the sound of k. In most
that is, like our ch iu church.
other languages it is essentially the same as in English.
European
languages
most
is
trilled
more
strongly
48. Ty in Hungarian blends the sounds of t and consonant
27. R in
than in English, particularly at the end of a word or syl- y ; it approaches in sound our ch. A similar combination
it,
the
is
pronouncing
tip
of
the
tongue
lable.
In
made to of t with the sound of consonant y takes place in the English
words creature, righteous, virtue*
approach very near to the roots of the upper teeth.
;

,s

GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

504

ACCENT.

use of this word but the syllables are distinguished from

each other by quantity, being, like the Latin, divided into
long and short. But as quantity in Latin and Greek is
converted into accent by the usage of English pronuncia;

By

accent is usually meant, in English, that particular

impulse or stress of the voice which, in pronunciation, is
placed upon certain syllables of a word for example, on the
last syllable in confer and retain, on the second in America,
Many words in
and on the first and last in evermore.
English (like the one last cited) have two accents but one
is always predominant, and is termed the primary accent
the other is called the secondary accent.
Something analogous to English accentuation is found in
nearly all languages. In the Teutonic tongues, especially,
the accent is essentially the same as in English, a large
number of the polysyllabic words having both the primary
and secondary accent, as Son'ders-hau sen, ZoU've-rein'.
It is very difficult, if not impossible, to give any general
rules, that would be of much practical utility, for placing
the accent on foreign words or names. Among what may
be termed the principal European languages (viz., English,
French, German, Italian, Russian, and Spanish), there is
scarcely one general rule for accent to which there are not
a multitude of exceptions. Those of most general application are perhaps the following In Spanish and Portuguese,
words ending in a vowel usually have the accent on the
penultima
those ending in a consonant are generally
accented on the last syllable yet even to these there are
numerous exceptions e. g., Alcula, Cdrdova, Anditjar,
49.

Cadiz, &c.
50. In Spanish, the difference between accented and unaccented syllables, though sufficiently obvious to a native,
is sometimes scarcely perceptible to a foreigner.
51. In Hungarian, there is no accent, according to our

tion, so, in giving Hungarian names in the following Vo

cabularies, the accent is placed according to quantity whenever this could be satisfactorily ascertained.
52. The French language also has no accent, in the sense
in which we employ the term.
The marks called accents
that are placed orer the different vowels, serve only to indicate some partLju.ar sound of these letters, and not that
peculiar impulse of the voice which characterizes an accented syllable in the English and most other European
tongues. Thus, the accent over the e in parlc serves to
show that this vowel has its first French sound, and at the
same time distinguishes it from parte, another form of the
same verb, in which the e is mute. The circumflex imparts
to the vowels over which
sound than ordinary e.
;

it is

g.,

placed a longer and deeper

in hate, tempete, gite,

and

apCitre.

It is commonly said that the French pronounce all the

syllables of a word with an equal stress of voice, but that
they seem to an English ear to accentuate the last, because

in our language the universal tendency is to throw the

accent toward the beginning of the word.
Accordingly,
the principal accent has been placed on the last syllable of
at the same time it has been thought
French names
proper to mark the others with secondary accents, in order
to prevent them from being pronounced too slightly or indistinctly, as is usually the case with unaccented syllables in
English. The pronunciation of Orleans, for example, has
OR/la'oN'.
been thus given
;

EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS

EMPLOYED

IN

THE VOCABULARIES OF MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

*** The figures refer to the Elements of Pronunciation given above.

Ar.

Portuguese.
Port.
pron. pronunciation.
Russ. Russian.
Sp.
Spanish.
Sw.
Swedish.

Arabic.

Flem. Flemish.
Fr.
Ger.

French.

German
Hung. Hungarian.

Norw. Norwegian.

Syti.

Synonym.

Turkish.

Turk.

liquid) is to be pronounced like Hi in million ; it blends

the sounds of I and y consonant. (See 41.
and N, small capitals, are used in the respelling of
French words, to represent the nasal sound of the
preceding vowel, and are not themselves to be pronounced. The French nasal vowels are a,N, on, ox,
un, being similar in sound to dng, Sng, dng, ung-

{I

(See 24.)
i, o, marked with this sign [J underneath, have
"an obscure sound similar to that of short u, but
are usually considerably shorter, and, indeed, sometimes are almost mute thus, Grat' tan might be pronounced grat'tUn or graVt'n
Helper, hel'lur or
hel'l'r, &c.
e, o are similar in sound to a, e, o, but are not to be
pronounced so long.
is employed to denote the long sound of a.
has a sound similar to e in her (see 14)
it may be
Anglicized by e.
represents the sound of the German v and the French

it blends the sounds

pronounced like ni in minion
of n and y consonant
(See 25 and 42.)
R, small capital, has nearly the sound of rr in terror, but
stronger. (See 27.)
s is used to indicate that the sound of the s is very soft,
nearly resembling our z. In the middle of a word it

(see 5)
it may be Anglicized by the English u.
small capital, is intended to represent the sound of
the French eu (see 12), which is pronounced nearly
like u in the English word fur.
small capital, is used to denote the sound of b between
two vowels in Spanish, often nearly approximating

ee indicates the clear sound of short i before r, as in the

English words spirit, miracle, &c.
ow is to be pronounced like ow in cow, and ou like ou in
house.
In respelling for pronunciation, ow has been
replaced by ou wherever the former combination would
be liable to be pronounced like long o, as in grows
tow, &c.
ss is sometimes used to mark the sharp sound of s where a
e. g.,
single s would be liable to be pronounced like z
Mons, moNSs, not m<5NS.
denoting
and
the
marks
letters,
The
other
marked
ffi^*
the primary and secondary accents, (', ') are the same
as those used in the body of the Dictionary.

e,

that of v. (See 18.)

small capital, is intended to represent a sound similar
to thin. this.
(See 20.)
and K, small capitals, indicate a peculiar sound of the
German ch, or one similar to it. (See 33.)
sma'.i capital, has a sound somewhat similar to the preceding, but more resembling; a stroog-ly aspirated h-

is

should be pronounced like a soft z.

to our v. (See 30 ) The " over the
io is intended to point out its alliance to our v.
y and ey at the end of an unaccented syllable sound like

w has a sound similar

i

in pin.

au and aw have the sound of a

in fall.

PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
OF

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

AAdrianople

son
Fr. pron. Amoor, or Amour Antilles ( an-teel' or
(a-moor')
os'teel')
a/Jos'sos')
Antisana
Alessandria (al-es- A-moy'
(an-te ; sau'dre-a)
Ampudia (am-poo'- sa-na)
Aa (5)
(eiEgean (Sea)
Antwerp (Dutch
Aleutian (a-lu'shiAachen
(a'Kgn).
jee'an)
Be-a)
Antwerpen, ant'Syn. Alx-la-Cha- JErb'e^aVrS or a/ro)
an)
Am'ster-dam/
weRp-eu)
pelle.
(af- Al~ex-an'drl-a
An-a-deer', or AnaAfghanistan
Algarve (al-gaVvS),
[wak') Apache (a-pa'cha)
Aalborg (ol'boRG)
gan'is-tan'
dir
or Al-gar'bl-g
(ii-na- Ap'en-nlnes
Aar (ar)
Anahuac
Agen (a/zhax')
Aargau (aR'gow) Ag-in-court (or a/- Al-ge'rl-a,
A-nam' or An'nam' Ap^a-lach'ee
Algeziras
(al-je- An'a-to'lT-a.
Sy?i. Ap'pa-la'chl-an
(a-banAbancay
zhax'kooR')
zee'ras)
Ap^a-lach'I-co'la
Natolia.
kl')
Agnone (an-yo'na)
Al-giJrV
Andalusia (an'da- A pure (a-poo'ra)~
Abano (a-ba'no)
Agosta (a-gos'ta)
[usually
Sp. Apurimac (a-pooAbbeville
(Fr.) Aguas Calientes (a'- Al-go'a
lu'shi-a
re-mak'
pron. an-da-loo(ab'vel')
gwas ka-le-en'- pron. by the English aVgo-a)
Aquila (a'kwe-la)
[yas)
Ab'be-Tllle (S. C.)
thee'a)
tes)
Aquin (Ji'kaN')
Ab'er-brjtb/ock,
Agulhas (a-gool'- Al-i-oant/, or Ali- An'da-man'
cante (a-le-kam/- Andelys, Les (laz- Aquino (a-kwe/no)
or AVbroath
Ahmed-nng'gur
Arabia (a-ra'bl-a)
Xb'er-deen'
Ain (5n
tt)
osd/le')
Alicata (a-le-ka7ta) Andes (an'dez) [Ra) Arad (or'od')
Abergavenny (sib'- Aintab (In-tab')
Alkmaar, or Alk- Andorra (an-doR'- Ar'a-gon ( Sp.pron.
gr-ga'ni)
Aix(.iks)
(th Aix-la-Chapelle
maer (alk-maR') An'do-ver
a-ra-gon')
AVer-ist'with
(aks-la-sha/pel') Allahabad (al'lah- An'dros-cog'gin
Ir'al
as in thin)
Angermannland
Aranjuez (a-ranAbo fi/bo) (Sw. A- (Ger Aachen, 'tf- ha-bad')
y
Al'le-gha'ny
(ang'er-manKen)
bo, o'boo)
_ Hweth )
(al-maAbomey (ab^o-ma') Ajaccio (a-yaVcho), Almaden
land'HSw. Ang- Ar vrat
;
7Abou- or Ajazzo (a-yaf- Den
ermland,
Abookeer,
ong Ar is, or A-rax'eg
Areola (aR-ko'la)
or Abukir
[man 7 ) Almeida (al-ma'eerm-land)
kir,
so)
(an^erz) Ar-cot'
Akerman
(a'kerAngers
(a-boo-keer')
da)
or
ArAbou- Akbissax (ak'his- Alnwick, or Alne- formerly written Ar x den,
Abootizh,
wick (an'nik)
Fr.
saR')
Angiers
dennes (aR'den')
tige, or Aboutij
(
pron. os'zha').
Arequipa (a-ra(a-boo-tizb/)
Al'a-ba'ma, or AV- Alsace (iil'siiss')
kee/pa)
a-ba'maT
Anglesey, or AngleAbrantes (a-bran'[u-s) Altai (al-tl')
Argecteuil (aR'Alachua "(al-atch/- Altamaha (awl'tasea (ang'gl-se)
tes)
ma-haw,')
Alamo (a'lii-mo)
An-go'la,
zhoN'tDT')
Ab-se'egm
Ar'gen-tine
Aland ( a/land ( Sw. Altena (iil'ta-na)
An-go'ra
ReAb'ys-sin'i-a
Al'ten-burg" ( Gcr. Angostura (an-gospub'lic
Acapulco " (a-ka- Aland, o'land,)
pron.
al'tenArgostoli (aR-gos'A-lap'a-ha'
too/ra)
pool'ko)
to-lee)
Ac'co-mac'
Al-bd'ni-a
b<5bRG/ )
AngoulCme
(5s'Argyle, or Argyll
Ach-een', or Atch- Albano (al-ba/no) AL'tgn
goo-lam')
Albans, St. (sent Altona (al'to-na)
(ar-gfl')
An'gus
een'
Altorf (al'toRf), or Anhalt (an'halt)
awl'bunz)
Argyro Castro (aR'Acqui, or Aqui(a/Albany (a wl'ba-m*) Altdorf
Anholt (an / h51t)
ge-ro kas'tro
kwee)
/ a-zon(Sp. MaAn'jou (Fr. pron. Arica (a-re'k'a)
Al'be-marle Lug
Acquia ( a-k wl'a )
ranon, ma-ranAriege (a're-azh')
6>T/ zhoo')
Acre (a'kr or a'ker) Al'be-marle' (U. S.)
Annagh (an-na')
Ar'i-zo'na
Aden (a/den Arab. Albuquerque (al- von')
Ar-kan'sas (formboo-keR'ka or al'- Am-boy'
An-nap'o-lis
pron. a/den
Am-boy/na
erly pronounced,
It.
boo-kerk)
Ann
A-run'del
Adige (a/de-je
A-mer'I-ca
and sometimes
Annecy (an'se')
pron.
a/de-ja) Alcala (al-ka-la/)
(am'erst)
written Ar'kanAlcantara
(al-kan'Amherst
Annobon
(an'no(Ger.Etsch,etch)
Amiens (am / I-enz
ta-ra)
saw)
bon')
Ad'I-ron'dack
Al'der-ney
pron.
(a'dlera'meAnspach
(ans'paK)
Arl'berg
German
Fr.
Adlerberg
pron. aRl'beRG).
Antibes(os / teeb')
or Arl- Alem Tejo, or Alen8s')
beRG'),
Tejo
o-noo'suck
An'ti-cos'tl
Adlerberg.
(a-leN-tj/Am'm
Syn.
berg (aRl'beRG)
Amoo, or Amou (a- An-ti3'tam
Aries (arlz Fr.
zho)
Adour (a/dooR')
pron. aRl)
Alenpon
moo')
Antigua (an-te'ga)
(a-len'Adria (a'dre-a)
(ad'ri-

an-o'pl)

Ad'rl-at'ic

Am

(ar-ma/)
(aR'-

mau'yak')
Ar-me^ni-a
Arn'hem, "or Arnheim (aRn'him)
A-roos'tdbk
Arpino (aR-pee'no)
Ar'ra-can', or Aracan
Ar-rap'a-hoe. Syn.
Arapahoe.
w
AVras (Fr. pron.
auras')
Artois (aR'twa')

Ar'un-del (Eng.
A-run'del (U. S.)

Ag'aph
Aschaffenburg (ashaf'fen-burg
Ger. pron. ash af fen -b dbRg'
Ascoli (as'ko-lee)
A-shan'tee, orAsh'an-tee'
Avsh'ta-bu'la

Ash/ue-lot (ash'welot)_

Asia (a'shi-a)

As-sam'
Assaye (as-sP or assa')

As-sin'ni-boin 7
Assisi (as-see'see)
Asterabad (as'ter-

a-bad')
Asti (as 7 tee)
Astorga (as-toR'ga)
As-to'rI-a

As-tra-can', or Astrakhan ( Russ.

pron. iis-tra-Kan')
Asturias (38-100^6as)

Atacama
ma)

(a-ta-ka'-

Atchafalaya (atchaf-a-11/g)

Atb/a-pes'cow, or
Ath'a-bas'ca
Ath-lone/
Ath'gl, or A'thgl
Athy (a-thiO
"
At'las
Attigni (at'ten'ye',
(ob)

Aube

less prolonged; S,6 &c, short; a,e,i,Q,obscure; car" far, ask, all, what; ere,veil,t5rm;pique,firm;s6n or,
urnjrue,pull p,g, soft ; ,g, hard; ag exist n as ng this a,b,i},ere,I,n J s,w,B JI),G3H,K,NjR (see p. 602J

a,e,&c, long; %v,o

ds>,wolf,to"o,to"ok

Armagh

Armagnac

C5053

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

506
Auerbach

(ow'gr- Bal'a-kla'va

[rlik') Bel-fast'

Syn. Santa Fe de Brianpon

(Ireland)

(bre'oif- Ca-la'brl-a {or ka

la'bre-a)
Calais (kal'iss; Fr.
pron. ka'la')

Bogota
SON')
Bo-he'mi-a.
(Ger. Brienne (bre'8n')
pron.
owgs'rectly
Bbhnien "or Boeh- Brieuz (bre'gnts')
Balatony
um)
bcfoRG)
Belgrade' (Turk.
men, bb'ingn)
(ba/law-ton)
Brighton (bri'ton)
Augustine, St. (sent Bale(bal). Syn.BnBokhara (bo-Ka'ra), Britain (brit'un or
Bil'grad)
aw'gus-teen'
sel.
or Bu-eha'ri-a
Belle Isle, or Bellbrit'n)
Aurillac (S're'yak' Bal'e-ar'ic (Islands)
isle (bel-il')
Bo-liVi-a( Sp. pron. Brit'ta-uy (Fr. Breor o'rel'yak')
Balize (ba-leez')
Belloochistan (belbo-lee've-a)
tagne, breh-tan')
Aurungabad (5Balkan (bal-kan')
loo'chis-tan')
Bologna (bo-lon'- Brobk'line
Balkh (balk) writ- Belvidere (bel'vgya)
rung'ga-bad')
Brdbk'15'n
Aus'ter-fitz (-lits;
ten also Bulkh.
deer')
Bomarsund (bo'- Brough (bruf)
" Ger" pron. ows'- Ballinasloe (bal'li- Benares (ben-a'res)
mar-soond')
Briick (briik, alBengal (ben-gawl') Bonf-bay'
ter-lits)
na-slo')
most brick)
Aus'tral-a/si-a (-a'~ Balf'stgn Spa (spa Benguela (ben-ga'- Bo'na Vis'ta, or
Bru'gei (Fr. pron.
Balaruc

baK')

Augs/burg

Ger. Balaton,

(ba'la'cor-

more

Belfast (Maine)

Belgium

(bel'jT-

',

or spaw)
Bal-mor'al
Aus'trl-a " (Ger. Baltic
(or
Oestreich,
bst'- Bal'ti-more
bawl'ti-mor)
riK)
Banff
(bamf
Autun (o'tBN')
sometimes writAuvergne 5- vera'

shi-a)
Aus-tra'li-a

(o'seR')
Auxonne (oks'on'),

Bang'kok'
Bangor _

B.

a,e,&c. Jong;

a., Z,o,

less prolonged;

(ka-

man'cha)
Cain-bay'
Cam-bo'dT-a,

or

Camanche

Bo'a Vis'ta
br'uzh)
[briin)
Cam-boge7
Bootan (boo" tan 7 ), Briinn (brQn
or Cam'bray, or CaniBen-Lo'mond
or Bhootan
Brun;'wick
brai
Fr. pron.
(Ger.
Ben-Ne'vis
Bordeaux
(boR'Braunschweig,
kaM'bra')
Beresina, or Berezior
do'),
Bourbrown'shwlG)
Cambridge (kam'na (ber-e-zee'na)
deaux (booR'do') Brus'sels
brij)
(Fr.
Bergamo (beR'ga- Borgne (born)
Bruxelles,
brii'- Campagna (kam-

(Eng.)

Calne (kan)

la)

mo)
Bor'ne-o
Berk'shire (former- Bor-noo' written
also Bornou.
ly bark'shir)
(bang'L'er)
Berlin Ger". pron. Borodino (bor-oor Aussone (os'- Ban'gor (U. S.)
beR-leen')
dee'no); Russ.
Ban'nock-burn'
pron. bor-o-deson')
Ber-mu'da^
Ban'tam'
Berwick " (Eng.)
no')
Ava (a'va)
Aveiro (a-va'e-ro) Bapaume (ba'pom')
(ber'rik)
Bosna-Serai (bos(bii-ra- Ber'wick (U. S.)
Avignon (a/ven'- Barataria
na-ser-i7 )
ta're-a)
Besancon (b\z-6N'- Bos'nl-a,
yoN')
Barbados, or BarAvila (a've-la)
Bos'po-rus
less
SON')
correctly written
Avon (a'vgn)
ba-does (bar-ba'- Bexar
Sp. pron.
doz)
Avoyelles
ba-HaR'
Bosphorus.
(av'oioften
(or
Bar-ce-lo'na
pron. by the Tex- Both'ni-a
elz')
ans, beh-har' or Bouillon (boo'y^N'
Ayr (ar)
baR-tha-fo'na)
Ayrshire (Sr'shir) Barege (bii'razh')
bar)
or bool'yoN')
Az'of, Azoph, or
Barita (ba-ree'ta) Beyroot, Bevui, or Boulogne (boo-lon';
or Barrita
Fr. pron. boo'Azov
Bairout bti'root
(baRTurk. pron. bi'Azores (a-z5rz' or Barnaul
lon')
nowl')
root)
Bourbon
a-zo'rez)
(boor'Bar're
(in
two Bhurt'poor'.
or
Fr. pron.
bun
syllables)
Bhurt'pore'
booR'boN')
Barreges, or Barege Bialystok (be-iil'is- Bourbon
(Ky.)
(ba/razh')
tok)
(bdr'bun)
Basel (ba'zel) (Fr. Bilbao
(bil-bii'o
Bourbonnes-lesBaalbec (bal'bek')
Bale, or Basle,
Bains
(booRoften written and
Ba'bel-inan'del, or,
bal)
pronounced
b5n'-la ba^')
in
correctly, Bassano (bas-sa'no)
more
Bowdoin
(bo'den)
Ens;., Bil'bo-a)
"
Bab'el-man'deb Bassora (bas'so-ra), Biled-ul-Gerid
Brabant (bra/bant
or Bas'rah
Baccbiglione (bak(bil'ed-dbl-jeror bra-bant')
Ba-ta'vT-a
kel-yo'na)
eed'). Syn. Bel- Bra-gan'za
Bacharach (baK/a- Baton Rouge (bafed-el-Jereed.
Brah'm a-poot'ra
un roozh)
raK'
Bil'ler-ic-g
or Bur'ram-poo'Badajos (bad-aBa-va'rI-a
ter
(Ger. Bing'en
Baiern. bl'ern)
hos') (Sp. BadaBinghamton (bing'- Bra-zil'( Port. pron.
joz, ba-Da-Hoth') Bayeux (ba'yuh')
um-tun)
[ma.
bia-zeel'
Baden (ba'den or
Bayonne (ba'yon') BTr'ma. Syn. Bur- Bra-zo'ri-a
bad'en)
Bayreuth. See Bai- Birmingham (bir'- Brazos (bra'zQS or
Badenweiler
reuth.
bra'soss)
(baming-am
den-wi'ler)
Beam (ba/aR')
Bis'cay "(Sp. BisBread-al'bane
Bagdad (bag-dad' Beaufort (British
caya, bis-ka/ya) Brechin (breK'in)
orbag'dad); writDominions) (bo'- Blanc, Mont (moN Brec'gu
ten aiso Bagdat.
furt)
Won) or Mount Breda (bra-da') _
Ba-ha'inag
Brem'en (or bra'Beaufort
Blanc.
(S.
C.)
Bahia (b&-e'a)
men) (Europe)
(bu'furt)
[ris) Blenheim (blen'im)
r'ahr-el-Abiad
Beaumaris (bo-ma/(Ger. Blindhoim, Bre'men(U. S.)
(bah'r-el-ii' beBreslau (bres'law
Behring's
(beer'blint'hlm)
ad')
Blois (bloi, preferor bres'lou
ingz) (Strait)
Ba kal(bl'kal')
(brehably blwa)
Bretagne
Beiroot. or Beirout.
Baireuth (bi'rijth
See Beyroot.
Boden See (bo'den
tan'). Syn. BritGer. pron. bl'- Bel'ed-el-Jer-eed'
sa.').
Syn. Lake
tany.
roit)
written
also
Constance.
(brit'un
Breton
Bal'a-ghauts'
Beled-el-Jerid.
Bogota (bo-go-ta7 ).
(Cape)
Auxerre

Cal'e-do'ni-a
Cal'i-cut
Cal'i-for'nT-a
Callao (kal-la'o or
kal-ya'o)

Benin (ben-een')

ten Bauiff.

or 5'veRn')
Aux Cayes (5 ka)

Cal-cut'ta

sel')

pan'ya)

Syn.

Bu-cha'ri-a.

Bokhara.

pee'che)

Can'a-da
Canajoharie (kan'-

Bu'cho-rest', or

Bucharest

Bu'da

pron.

Budweiz
wls)

Cam peachy (kam-

Hung.

a-jo-har're)

boo'd5h') Canandaigua kan'an-da'gwa)

(bood'Canaries
fka-na'(

Buenaventura

reez)

(bwa'na-ven-too'- Ca-nav'er-al
Can-da-har',
or
ra)
Buena Yista (bwa'- Kandahar
Can'di-a, or Crete
na vis'tii)

Buenos Ayres (bo'- Cannes (kjin)

nus a'riz
Sp. Canterbury (kan'ter-ber-e)
pron
bwa'noss
;

Can' ton (China)

(boog)
[ri-a) Can'ton (U. S.)
Bulgaria (bobl-gil'- Cape Breton (kap
brit't'n or brit'Bulkh. Syn. Balkh.
i'res)

Bug

Bur'gun-dy
Bourgogne,

(Fr.

un)
Cape Girardeau
rar-do')

booR'gofi')

(je-

[en)

Cape llaitien (ha'teBur'ling-tgn

Cape Bal'mas
Brir'ram-poo'ter.
Syn.
Brahma- Capo d'lstrla (ka'po dis'tre-ii)
pootra.
Cap'u-a. (It. pron.
Bury (ber'ry)
ka'poo-a)
Byzantium
(biCa-rac'as, or Caraczan'shi-um
"cas
(Sp. pron.
k'a-ra'kas)

Cardenas (kaR'da'nas)
Car'ib-be'an Sea
Ca-bool' (called by Ca-rin'thi"a
"the. natives Ka'- Carlisle (kar-lil')
Carlscrona (karlsbHl)
or
Ca'diz ( Sp. pron.
kroo'na)
ka'neth)
Carlscroon
Caen (kjN)
Carlsruhe, or Karls-

Caermarthen (kerruhe (karls'roo)

mar'then)
Carmagnoia (karCaernarvon
man-yo'la) [na)
(kernar'vgn)

Carolina (kar'o-li'-

Carpathian

Caf-fra'ri-a

Ca-haw'ba

(kar-

pa'thi-an)

Car'pen-ta'ri-a
(Egypt)
called
by the
Carrara (kaR-Ra'ra)
Arabs El Kahira Cartagena (kar'taSp. pron.
je r na
(el kah'he-ra)
kaR-ta-Ha'na)
Cai'ro (U. S.)
CaT'ro

5,e.&c, short; a,g,i,2,o65CMre/care,t*ar,ask,U,what;

ere^vsiljtSrni; pique,fTnn; s6n,6r,

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

tfashmere, or Kash- Chaumont (N. Y.) Chuquisaca (choomire (kash-nieer'
ke-sa'ka)
(sho'mo')
Cas'pi-an
(se-a'ra) ;
Chautauqua (sha- Ciara
Cassiquiari (ka-sewritten also Cetaw'kwa )
forke-a'ree)
merly " written
ara and Seara.
Castiglione
(kasChautauque.
Cincinnati (sin'sintel-yo'na)
Chebucto
nah'tl)
(she;

teel'ya)

Cat'a-lo'ni-a

(Sp.

Cataluuaf ka-ta[tegat
loon'ya)
Cat'e-gat, or KatCat'ta-rau'gus

Caubul kaw-bool' ).
(

Syn. Cabool.
Cau'ca-sus
Cavery, or Cauvery
(kaw'ver-e)

Cawn-pore'

Cayenne (kl-en')
Cayuga (ka-yoo'ga)
Cebu (se-boo'). Syn.
Zebu.

Ko-

morn

stat)

Cu'ba (Sp.

Com'o-ro

Compiegne
pe-afi')

koo'ba)
(koM'- Cul-lo'den
Cul'pep-per

507
(kron'- Dieppe (dyep or deep')

pron. Dijon (de'zhoN' )

Dinant (de'noN' or
de-nan t')
Dnieper (nee'per
,

Russ.
pron."
Con'chas (ch as in Cumana (koo-mana')
dnyep'er)
GST Often im- child)
(konk'- Curacoa (ku'ra-so') Dniester (nees'tgr
properly
pro- Concord
Cur'ri-tuck'
Russ.
pron.
nounced as if
(chemz'furd)
urd)
dnyes'ter)
Cincin- Conemaugh (kon'e- Cuzco (koos'ko)
Cheltenham (chelf- written
Do'fra-fi-gld'. Syn.
maw)
num)
natah, or Cincinv
Dovrefield.
Congai-ee
(kong'Chemnitz
(Kem / - natuh.
Domingo (do-ming'Cin'tra (or seen'- _ ga-ree')
T\
nits)
go)
tra)
Congo (koug'go)
Chem ung
(sheDominica (dom'eCircars (Northern.) Connanght (kon'mung')
Dahomey (dab'ho- nee'ka Fr. DomChenango
(she- Circassia
(sernawt)
inique,
kash'i-a)
ma')
dom-enang'go)
Connecticut (kgnDa-ko'tah.
neek')
Cl'ren-ces'ter (comuet'I-kut)
Syn.
Che-raw'
pron. Con-stan'ti-no'ple
Sioux,
Donegal
monly
(don-eCherburg
(sher'gawl')
(da-leburg or sheR'- sis'e-ter or sis'is- Cooch Bahar (ba- Dalecarlia
"
ter)
kaR'le-a)
Dongola (dong'gobooR')
har')
Ciudad Real (Spain) Coos (ko-os')
Dalkeith
la)
(dalCher'o-kee'
Dor'ches-ter
keeth')
(the-oo-BaD / ra- Coo'saw-hatchle
Chertsey (ches'se)
Dalles (dalz)
Dor-dogne
al')
Co'pen-ha'gen
Ches'a-peake
(dor'd5n'
Ciudad Real (Mexi- Co'pl-a-po'
Dalmatia (dal-nia'Fr. pron
Che-suD'cobk
co)
(se-oo-dad' Coquimbo
(koshT-a)
doR'don'
Cheviot (chiv'e-ut)
Dai ton (dawl'ton) Dordrecht
ra-al')
keem'bo)
(dorfCheyenne (she-en 7
Cor-dil'ler-as (Sp. Dant'zic (dant'sik)
rext), or Dort
Chicago (she-kaw'- Civita Yecchia
koR-del(German
Dornoch
(dor'noK)
(chee'vo-ta
pron.
Danzig,
go)
vek'Dorpat (doR'pat),
ke-a)
ya'ras)
dant'siG)
Chichester
Clagenfurth,
or Cor'do-va, or Cor- Dan'ube
(German or Db'rpt
(chitch'es-ter)
Klagenfurth
Donau, d5'now) Douai, or Douay
Chick'a-hom'i-ny
doba
(kla'gen-fobRt / ) Co-re'a
Dardanelles (dar'(doo'ii')
someChick'a-mau'ga
da-nelz')
times written DoChick'a-pee'
Cleves (kleevz)
Corfu "(kor-foo' or
Clitheroe
(klith'Darien (Ga.) (da'reway.
Chick-a-sawg
kor'fu)
en)
er-6)
Doubs (doobz or
Chihuahua
Cor'inth
(cheClogher (kloh'Hgr) Cor'o-man'dcl
Darien, Isthmus of
doo)
wa'wal
Chris' ti
(da-re-en')
Douro (doo'ro)
Chili (ctiil'le) (Sp. Clyu-mell
Corpus
Coahuila
See Co(kor'pus kris'te) Darmstadt (daRm'- Dp'vre-tl-eld'
Chile, chee'la)
hahuila.
Corrientes (koR-Restat)
Dowlatabad (dow'Chil'll-coth'e
Cn'tes)
Dartmouth (darf- la-ta-bad')
Chillon
(she'yoN' Coango (ko-ang'go)
Drin "(dreen), or
orshil'lou)(Swit- Coblentz
(kob'- Cor' si-ca (Fr. Corse,
muth)
lents) (Ger. CobDebreczin, or DeDrino (dree'no)
koRs)~
zerland)
lenz, ko'blents)
bretzin (du-bref- Drogheda
Chiloe
Co-run'na (Spanish
(droh'(che-lo-.a7
almost chi\-\v&j') Co'burg (German
Coruna,
sin)
He-da
koDec'can, or Dek'- Dro'more, or DroChimborazo(chim'- pron. ko'bdbRG)
roon'ya)
more'
Sp. Cochin (ko-cheen') Costa Rica (kos'ta
kan
bo-ra'zo
pron. cheem-bo- Co'chin Chi'na.
ree'ka)
Del'a-go'a
Drontheim (dronfCognac (kSn-yak') Cotopaxi
im)
ra'tho)
(ko-to- Delaware"
(del'apaks'e
Spanish
war)
Dub'lin
Chi'na
Cohahuila, or CoaChinchilla
huila (ko-a-wee'pron. ko-to-pah'- Delft (every letter Dubuque
(chin'(du_
should be
cheel'ya)
He)
probo ok')
la)
nounced.)
Chinln'di-a
Cohoes, or Cahoos Courland
(koor'Dulwich (dul'ij)
Delhi,
or
Chippenham
(ko-hoz')
land)
Dehli Dum-blane'
(chip'num)
(Hindostan)
Dumfries
Co-im'bra, (or ko- Courtray, or Cour(duraChippewa (chip'pe- eem'bra)
trai (kooR'tra')
(del'lee)
freess')
wa)
Col'ches-ter
Coventry (kuv'en- Demerara (dem'er- Dun-bar'
Chip'pe-way
Coleraine(kol-ran')
tri)
a'ra.)
Dundalk
(dunChiriqui
Denbighshire (den'(che-re- Cologne
(ko-lon' Cov'ing-tgn
dawk')
kee')
Fr. pron.
ko'- Cowes (kowz)
be-shjr)
Dun-dass'
Chiswick (chiz'ik)
Ion) (Ger. Kb'ln) Cracow
(kra'ko) Deptford (det'furd) Dun-dee'
Cholula (cho-loo'- Colombia (ko-lom'(Polish Krakow, Der'by (or dar'bi) Dunfermline (dumDerne (der'ne or
la)
kra'koof)
fer'lin)
be-a)
Chowan (cho-wan') Col'on-sa, or Col'- Crecy (kres'se Fr. der'neh)
Dungeness (dun-jeChris'ti-an'a
on-say/
pron. kra'se')
Des
Moines
ness')
(de
(It.
Christiania
(kris- Colorado
(kol'o- Cre-mo'na
moin)
Dun'ki.rk (French
te-a'ne-a)
pron. kra-mo'nji) Dos'sau ( German
ra'do)
Dunkerque,
Christiaustadt
Co-lum'bT-a
(Russ.
pron. des'sow)
Crl-me'a
duN'keRk')
(kris'te-an-stat) Co-man'che,
Krim.)
De-troit'
Duquesne
(du(Sw.
ChristianCa-man'che
Croatia
(kro-a/- Devises (de-vi'ziz)
kan')
stad,
kris'te-an- Com'ba-hee'
shi-a)
Devonshire
(dev'- Durango
(doostad')
gn-shir)
Comines (ko'meen') Croix, St. (kroi).
rang'gol
Chudleigh (chud'or
Commines
Syn. Santa Cruz. Dhawalaghiri (da- Durham (aar'um)
lee^
wol'a-ger're)
(kom'meen')
Crom'ar-ty
Dus'sel-dorf (Ger.
3

Castile
(kas-teel')
buk'to)
(Sp. Castilia, kas- Chelmsford

Qastine (kas-teen')

Cronstadt

Com'o-rhi
Co'morn, or

Cefalu (cbef-a-loo'
Celebes (sel'e-biz)
Cen'is (or se'ne')
Ceph'a-lo'nl-a
Ceuta^sii'Ui," Sp.
pron. tha'oo-ta)

Cevennes (sti'ven')
Ceylon (see'lgn or
sl-lon')

Chagres (cha'gres)
Cbaleur (sha-loor')
Chalons sur Marne
(sha'loN'-siiR-

maRn)
Chalons-sur-Saone
(sha'loN'-s'dR-

son)

Chamouny

(sha'-

moo'ne')

Champagne

(shoN'-

pan')

Champaigne
(sham -pan')

Cham-plain'
Chandeleur (shande-loor')

Chantilly

(shantil'lee
Fr. pron.
shoN'tel'ye'
or
;

shoN-'te'ye')

Chapala

(cha-pa/-

la)

Chapultepec

(chapool-ta-pek')
(sha/roNt')
Chartres (shaRt'r)

Charente

Chatauque.
See
Chautauqua.
Chateaubriant
(sha'to'bre-ON')
Chateaudun (sha/to'duN')

Chat'ta-hoo'che
Chat'ta-noo'ga

Cbaudiere (sho'defeR'|

Chaumont

(Fr.)

(sho'moN')

dQ,wQlf,too .tcTok urn,rue,pull

;

c,g,5q/it /

,g,Aard ; a

ex_ist

q as ng

this ; ajdjUjde^jiijSjWjBpjGjHjKjNjRjU (see p. 502)

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

508
Diisseldorf, d'ds'-

Fyum

F.

Sgl-dORf )

(fl-oom')-

Syn. Fa'i-oom.

Gojam

Guernsey (gErn/ze) Her'e-fQrd

Guiana (ge-a/na), Her'kl-mgr

(go-jam/)
Gol-con'da.

or Guyana
Hertford
{Eng.\
Gonaives, Les (15 Guienne (ge'en')
(hai-'furd)
go'ua/Sv' or g5- Guildford (giFford) Hertford (U.
S.\

Gom-broon'

Dwl'na,

Faeroe (fa'ro or fa'rb-g).

Syn. Fa-

G.

Gon'dar
[nlv / ) Guinea (gin'e)
(hErt'furd)
Gotha (go'ta)
Guise (gweez)
Hesse Cas'sgl
Gdttingen, or Goet- Guyandott (gT-an- Hesse
Gaeta (ga-a'ta)
Darmstadt
tingen (geVtingdof, familiarly
(gal'a(hess daRm'stat)
E'bro ( Sp. pron. Falkland (fawV- Galapagos
gn or go t'ting-en;
called gl-an 7 )
land)
[muth)
pa'gus; Sp. pron.
a/bro)
Hesse Hom/burg
(!'Ger. pron. gbt'- Gwahor (gwa'li-or) Himmaleh
ga-la/pa-gos)
Ecuador
(ek-wa- Falmouth
(him-

E.

Falaise(fa'laz')
Falkirk (fawl'kirk)

Falster (i'al'stgr or
fainter)
(ed'hiwrit- Faroe (t'a'ro or fa'but
ten also,
less
rb'-g)
properly, Edinbo- Fayalffi-awl'; Port.

doa')

Edinburgh

bur-ruh)

Gal'a-shi51s'

Galatz (ga/lats)
Ga-le'na

ting-en)
Graetz(grets). Syn.
Gratz.

Him-a-

ma'la), or
la'ya

Hin-do-stan',
or
Galicia "(ga-lish'i-a.) Grammont (gram / In-do-stan 7
Gal-lip'o-li
moN')
written also Hinpron. Jil-al')
Gal'll-po-li's' (Ohio) Gram'pi-an
Haarlem, Haerlem,
ro'.
dustan, and HinGranada "(gra-na'Fee'jee.
Syn. Fiji. Gal'lo-way
or Harlem (har'Ed'is-to
doostan.
Gal'ves-ton
"pron.
Fermanagb
(ferda
Sp.
Eg'ri-po. Syn. Nelgm)
His-pan-Y-o'la.
Gal way (gawl'wa)
gra-na'Da)
man'a)
gropont.
Had-ra-maut'
Syn. Haytf.
Gratiot (grash'i-ot) Hague*(haig), The Il'las'sa.
Ferrara" ( feR-Rii/ra) Gam'bl-a
Egypt (e'jipt)
Syn.
Gauges (Hindoo, Gratz, or Graetz Hainan (hl-nan 7 )
Ebrenbreitsteiu (a'- Fezzau (fez'zan')
Lassa.
Fiji
(pronounced,
(grets)
Haiti (ha'ti). Syn. Ho-ang'ho
ren-brlt-stln
Gunga)
(proand often writ- Garda (gaR'da)
Gravelines (grav'Eichstadt, or AicliIlayti.
nounced almost
ten, Fee'jee)
len')
stadt (Tu/stet)
Gardiner (gard'ner)
Hakodadi (ha-ko- whang'ho')
;

H.

Ekatarinburg

(a-

ka'ta-reenbooRg')
Ekatarinoslaf, or

Finisterre 7

Cape

ka'ta-reen'oslaf ). See Yekatarinoslav.

Elbe (elb
Ger.
pron. el'bgh)
El-boorz / , or Elbrooz'
El'gin-shire
;

Garonne

Gravesend (gravz'dii'dee)
IhVbar-ton
or
end')
HaFI-fax
Hob'ar-ton
Great Britain ( brit'- Halle (hal'leh)
Ho^o-kcn
Gaspe (gas'pa')
un or brit'n)
Hallo well
(hol'o- Hochheim
(ho'Geel (Dutch pron. Greenwich (grln/y)
wel)
hlm or hSK'hlm)
(ga-ron")

Gas'co-ny (Fr. Gas-

(fin-is-ter/)

Fin'land
Flume (fyoo'ma)
Ekatarinoslav (a- Flan'der^

cogne, gas'kon')

Flor'ence (It. FiHal)

Grenada
renze, fe-ren'za, Gelders, orGuelders
da)
(gel'dgrz)

ren'za)
Flo'res
Flora-da,

Gel'der-land.
"

Gen ; e-see'

6en'g-se'o

Fontaiuebleau

(gre-na'-

Hamburg

or

Ge-ne'va

Hol'y-head

i'lUR')
gn)
Genii (na-neel')
"
or
written also Xen- Gron'ing-en ( Dutch Hartz,
(harts)
pron.
Hro'ning(Sp. . iL

(ioN/tan'blo')
ra/be-a)

Fuenterabia,
Gen'o-a (It. Genofwen-ta-ra-bee/a
va, jen'o-va)
El Paso del Norte Fon-te-noy'
(Fr. Geor'gT-a,
pron. foNt'nwa') Ger / ma-riy'
(el pa/so del noR y (Ger.
ta)
For-mo'sa,
Deutschland,
El'si-nore', or Elsi- Fotheringay (fofch/doitsh'liint)
Yelisavetgrad
El-ml'ra

neur (el'se-nur')
(ems)

Ems

Gerona

er-ing-ga')

France ( franss

(Hii'ro-na)

Harwich

Hgn)
Gross-Wardein

Harz Honduras

Gro'tgn(U.

S.)

Guadalajara,

or

Guadalaxara

(gwa-Da-la-Ha'Fr. Geysers (gl'sgrz)

pron. froNSs)
England (ing'Ghadamis (ga-da/- ra)
gland)
Franche Comte
Guadaloupe (gaw 7 mis)
(froNsh koN't'a) Ghauts (gawts)
Entre Douro e Minda-loop'orga'daho (en'tra doo'- Fran-co'nT-a
Ghee / zeh written loop')
Frank/fort " (Ger.
(gwaro a meen'yo)
also ~Gizeh and Guadalupe
Frankfurt,
Erfurt (eR/f61)Rt)
Jizeh.
dii-loo'pa or gaw'frank / f6~ORt)
Erie (e'ree)
Ghent (gent) (Fr.
da-loop')
Erne, Lough (Ioh Freiberg (M'beRG)
Gaud, goN)
Guadalquivir
Freiburg (frl'burg Gi-bral'tar
Era)
(gaw'dal-kwiv'( Sp.
or fri'bcToRG)
Erzgebiraje
pron. He-bral/ Sp. pron.
(eRts'gr
;

ke'bo)
Este (es'ta)

Es-tho'm-a
Estremadura

Glas'gow
sa)
, tra-ma-Doo'ra)
Etienne"Saint(saNt Frob'ish-gr's Strait Gloucester

Frod'sham
Fulda (fcTol'da)
(foonSyn. Funchal

et'e-en')

Et'o-wah
Etsch (etch).

Axlige

Eu

gwa-Dal-ke-veeR 7 )

taR')

Gila (He'la)
Frio (free'o)
Gilolo (He-lo'lo)
Frische Haff (frish 7 - Girjenti (jeR-jen'teO
gh haf ), or Fris- Gizeh (jee'zeh or
che See (frish'eh
gee/zeh)
(es-

shal')

Fu / nen(Dan. Fyen,

(uh)

Euphrates (yu-fra / -

Furruckabad

tez)

Europe (n'rap
Eylau (I'lou)

fiVgn)

mk-a-badO
Furth (fuRt)

(fiir''-

ter)

GlUckstadt
stat)

or gwa-De-

(hoN'-

flUR' or ON/flUR')

Sp.

bana, or Havana,
loo / loo)
written
a-va/nii)
some- Hoog'ly
times called "Ike
also Ilooghly and
Ila-van/na."
Hugly.
Haverhill "(Eng.) Housatonic (hoo 7 ;

(hav^r-il)
Haverhill (Mass.)

sa-ton'ik)
(hoo-a')

Hue

Hungary (hung'ga-

(ha'Ter-il)

Havre

de
Grace
rl)
(hav'cr de grass; Hu'ron
Fr.
pron. H'v'r Hyderabad (hl'dgr.

deh grass)
Hawaii (ha-wT'ee)
Hayti,

Haiti

or

a-biid') or

Hydra-

bad

Hythe

(hith)

(ha'tf)

Guadiana (gaw'de- Hebrides

a'na

Honfleur

Ha- Hon'I-ton
Ha- Honolulu (ho-no-

Ha-van'a, or

vanna

(hon-

doo'ras)

(har'rij)

Hat'tgr-as

(gros-waR'dln)

Gro^ton (Eng.)

Frejus (fra/zhds')
ga-beeR'ga)
Essequibo
(es-sii- FriSs'land

(ho'-

Hamp'shire
or grgh-no'b'l)
cn-tsol'lern)
Grisons" (gre'zoN') Han'o-Ter
(Ger. Hol'land " (Dutch
Han-no'ver)
pron. hol'lant)
(Ger. Graubdndgrou'bunt- Harfleur
(haR- Ilolstein (hol'stln)
ten,

Elizabetgrad (a-hV- Fontarabia (fon-taa-bet-grad'),

Ger. Hohenliuden

/iron.ham/booRG)
cn-lm'den)
Syn. Grenoble (grgn-ob'l Hameln (ha/mgln) Hohenzollern (ho'-

(heb'rl-

doz)

I.
Hec'la
Guanahani (gwa- Heidelberg (hl'dglIce'land; called Isna-ha'nee)
beRG')
(hllland (ees'land) by
Guanaxuato, or Heilbronn
bron')
the natives.
Guanajuato (gwa(glos'Icolmkill
(ik'om.
na-Hwa'to)
Hg-le'na(St.)
Syn. Iona.
or
kil')(gluk'- Guardafui (gwar 7 - HeFgo-land.
Hel'i-go-land
I'da-ho
da-fwee or gar'ii'na)

Ilel-vel'lyn
Gmiind (gmunt),or da-f\?e')
Gmiinden
Guatemala (gaw'te- Helvoetsluys

Illinois
(hel'-

vdot-slois')
(gmun'den)
ma'la or gwa-teHen-lo'pen
Gmund (gmoont)
ma'la)
Godavery (go-da7 - Guayaquil (gwx-a- Hen-ri'ko
Herat (hgr-at7 )
ver-e)
keel')

(il-li-noiz'

or -noV)
Il-15^r/I-a

Il'min-ster
Imola (e'mo-la)
In'dl-a

a,e,&c. ,long; a,e,o,le$sgrolonged; a.e,&c. short; Q,e,i,Q,obscurt; care,far,ask,all,what; gre^vsiljtSrmipi'quejfirm; s6n,6r

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

Xn'dT-an'a (orin-di- Ju'an Fer-nan'dSz
a'na)
(Sp. pron. hooIn'di-an-ap'Q-lia
Sn'
JieR-nan'Indies (in'diz)
deth)
Ingolstadt (ing'ol- Ju'an, Saint ( Sp.
stat or ing'golSan Juan, san

(king- Las'sa,

or Landaff
Lau'dgr-dale
Kin-sale'
(lansan Kircaldy(kir-kawl'- Lauenburg(lou'gn- Llangollen
goth'len)
burg, or lou'gndf or kir-kaw'dy
Llanos (lya'nos)
bdbRG')
Jungfrau (ydbng'- Kirkudbright (kir-

Hoo-an' or

statf)

Inkerman

(ink-gr-

man')
Innspruck

(inss7-

prdbk), or Inns-

bruck
Interlachen (in'tgrlaK'en)
In'ver-a'ry [Iok'i)
Inverlochy (in'vgrIn-vgr-ness'

Ioua

(e-o'na)
or
Icolmkill (fk'om-

kil')

Ionia (1-0'ni-a)
I'o-wa,

Ips'wich
Ire'land
Ir-kootsk'

509

or H'lassa Livadia, or Libadia Lym'fi-ord',

or
(h'las'sa)
(liv-a-Dee'a)
kar'din)
Liimfiord (leem"
Kingkitao (king-ke- Latakia (la'ta-kee'~ Liv'er-pool
_fe-ord')
Ly'Qns (Fr. Lyon,
ta'o)
a), or Ladikia(la'- Li-vo'ni-a
Llandaff "(lan-daf),
Kin-ross'
de-kee'a)
le'oN')

Kincardine

h wan

TUT
-"-*-

Lausanne (lo'zan') Loango (lo-ang'go)

koo'bree)
Lauterbrunnen
Lochaber (loK-a'- Maastricht (maVKit'ta-tin'ny
Ju'nl-at'a,
ber)
(lou'tgr-brdbn'triKt, or
Ju'ra (Fr. pron. Kiz'il"lr'mak( Turk.
mas'triKt).
ngn), "or Lauter- Lodi (Italy )(lo'dee)
zhu'ra')
pron. kiz'il eerSyn.
brunn (lou'ter- Lodi (U. S.) (lo'dT)
mak')
Maestricht.
J upland
Lof-fo'dgn, or Lq- Macao (ma-ka'o or
brdbn')
Klagenfurth (kla'or Laifo'dgn
ma-kow')
ggn-fooRt'). Syn. Lay bach,
Loire (IwaR)
bach (li'baK)
Ma-cas'sar
Clagenfurth.
TT
-*-*-
Lom'bar-dy
Klau'ggn-burg
Leam'ing-tQn
Machias (ma-chl'as)
Ger. pron. klow'- Leg-horn' (or leg'- Lomond, Loch (Iok
(
lo'mund)
Mack'T-naw ; forKal'a-ma-zoo'
zgn-bdbRG')
horn) (It. LivorLondon (lun'dun or merly
Kalusz (ka'loosh) Kbnigsberg
(ko'no, le-voR'no)
Michililun7 d'n)
or Legnano
(len-ya'
mackinac (mish'Kamieniec (kam'nigz-bgrg),
Londonderry (lun'- il-i-mak'in-aw)
yen'yets') someKoenigsberg
no)
dun-der'rl)
times
written
Macon
(ken'igz-berg
Lehigh (lee'hT)
(France)
Loo Choo(c/Yas in (ma'k$N')
Kaminietz.
Ger. pron. kb'- Leicester (les'ter)
child)
Kamt-chat'ka, or niGs-beRG')
Macon (U. S.) (ma'Leigh (lee)
Kamt-schat'ka,
Koordistan, Kur- Leigh ton (lee'ton) Lo-rain' (Ohio)
kun)
Kanawha (ka-na"w'- distan, or Curdis- Leinster (lin'stgror Lo-ret'to (It. and Mad'a-gas'car
(koor-diswa)
leen'ster)
Sp. Loreto, lo- Madeira (ma-dee'tan
ra'to)
ra,
Port." pron.
Kan"'da-kar'. Syn.
tan')
Leipsic " (lip'sik)
Leipzig, Lorraine (lor'ran')
ma-da'e-ra)
Candahar.
Kreuznach (kroits'- ( Ger.
Los Angeles.
Kankakee
(kanSee Mad-ras'
naK)
Hp'tsiG)
La Puebla de los Mad -rid' (Sp. pron.
kaw'kee)
Kurische, or Cu- Leith (leeth)
Angeles
Kan'sas formerly rische-Haff (koo'- Leitrim (lee'trim)
ma-DreeD',
almost math-reetti')
written
rish-eh-haf)
Lostwithiel
Leixlip (las'lip)
(lostoften
Kanzas.
-with'gl), or Lest- Mad'rid (U. S.)
Le'na ( Russ. pron
Kara (ka'ra)
withiel
Maelstrom
lS'na)
(maTKash-gar', or CashLenni-Lennappe
Lothian (lo'thi-an)
strum or mal'*-'
gar
strum)
(len'ne lenjn'a'pa) Lou'don (ou as" in
Ka-tah'din
shout)
Maese. See Meuse.
Lenoir (le-nor')
Ka'trine, or Kat'- Laaland (law'land), Leom'in-stgr (TJ. S. ) Loughborough
Maestricht, orMaasor Lol'land
(luf'bQr Bh)
rine
Leominster" (Eng.)
tricht (mas'triKt)
Keighly (keeth'le) Lab'ra-dor'
Louis,
(lem'stgr)
St.
(sgnt Mag'a-dox'o,
or
Kelat (kel-af), or Lac'ca-diveg'
Magadoxa (Port.
Le'on (Sp.pron. laloo'is or
loo'e
Kelath
Lack'a-wan'na
Fr.
pron.
pron. ma-ga-do'on')
saw
frow)

written

also Irkutsk

Irkoutsk.
Iroquois

and

(ir-o-

kwoy')
Ir'ra-wrd'dy
Iser, or Isar (ee'zgr)
Is/ling-tgn

Ispahan

(is-pahan') or Isfahan
Itfa-ly (It. Italia,
e"ta'le-a)

I-u'ka
Ivic^i" Iviza (e-vee'sa), or Ibiza

Ivry (Iv'ri or ev're')

Ken'ne-beck'
Lad'o-ga
Jaffa (or yaf fa)
Jalapa (Ha-la'pa). Ken'ne-bunk'
La-drones/
(Sp.
Syn. Xalapa.
Ken-tuck'y
"pron. laD-ro'n6s)
Jalisco, or Xalisco Ke'o-kuk'
Lago Maggiore (la'(Ha-lees'ko or Ha- Kerguelen (kerg'ggo mad-jo'ra)
lis'ko)

len)

Jamaica (ja-ma'ka)

pron.

Ja-pan'

Ion')

Land

(Fr.

keR'ge-

Laguna

del
(la-goo'nai

Le-pan'to (or
pan-to)
Le-yant/
Lev'en, Loch

Lewes

W-

Louisiana (loo'e-ze-

(lu'gss)

ma-ga-

Madre Lew'ish-am

del Leyden, "or Leiden

maD'ra)
(H'den or la'den)
Lahore (la-hor')
Li-be'ri-a
Laibach
(li'baK). Lichtenfels(liK'tgn;

or

do'sha)

Mag'da-le'na (Sp.
pron. mag-da-la'(loo'isvil
na)
formerly
loo'i-vil)
pron.
Mag'de-burg (Ger.
Low'ell
pron.
maG'dghLu'beck
bdbRG')
Luc'ca, ( It
pron. Magellan (ma-jel'look'ka)
lgn
Port. " MaLucerne (loo-sSrn';
galhaens,ma-galya'eNS)
French pron. lii'seRn') (German Maggiore (mad-jo'Luzern, or Lura)
cern, loot-seRn') Main,
or
Mayn

a'na)
Louisville

Japura (Ha-poo'ra) Kerman(kgr-man')

Jassy (yas'se)
Kharkof (Kar-kof
Java (ja'va or ja'va) Khartoom, KharSyn. Lay bach.
fels')
Jedburg "(jed'bQrturn,
or Khar- La
Mancha
(leej
Fr.
(la Liege
rgh)
toum(Kar-toom')
man'cha)
pron. le-Szh')
(yed'do). Kherson, or Cher- Lancashire (lank'a- Lille, or Lisle (leel)
Jeddo
)

sho

loo'e')

Syn. Yeddo.
son (ker-son')
shir)
Lima (Peru) (lee'Jen'a ( Ger. pron. Khiva, or Kheeva Lanc'as-tgr
(loo(mm)
ma)
Lucia,
St.
ya'na)
(Kee'va)
Lan-daff'^
more Lima (U.S. )(ll'ma) see'a, often called Maine
JFrance)
Jersey (jer'zT)
Khorassan (Ko'ras- properly Llandaff Lim'gr-ick
(man Fr. pron.
loo-see')
Je-ru'sa-lem
san')
almost mn)
Langres (loNg'r)
Limoges (le'mozh') Ltick'now'
Jesso, or Iesso (yes'- Kiakhta (ke-aK'ta) Languedoc
Maine (U.S.) (man/
(Ion'- Limousin (le'moo' Lu'ngn-burg
so ). Syn. Yesso. Kiang-Ku(ke-ang'Ma-jor'ca
ggh-dok')
saN') or Limosin Lutzen (ldbt'sgn)
Jo Daviess (jo da.'- kew') Syn. Yang- La Plata (la pla'- Lincoln (link'un) Lux'gm-burg (Fr. Mal'a-baV
vis)
tse-kiang.
Luxembourg,
Ma-lac'ca
See Plata. Lin-lith'gow
ta).
Jol'I-ba, or Djoliba Kick'a-poo'
liiks'oN'booR')
Mal'a-ga" (or ma'laLa Puebla, or La Lippe-Detmold
Jonkjbpin, or Jon- Kief, or Kiew (ke(-det'molt)
Lux'gr, or Lux'g-r
Puebla de los Anga)
koping (yon'chbef), or Ki-ev ;
geles (la pwgb'la Lig'bQn (Port. Lis- Luzerne (U. S.) (lu- Mai' den
almost Kiel (keel/
ping,
zSrn')
Maldives (mal'divzf
Do'a or les-bo'a)
da 15s ang'Hel-es)
yon'chep-ing)
Kil-ken'ny
Syn. Luzon
(loo-zon'), Malmesbury
Las Palmas (las Lisle "(leel).
Jorullo, or Xorullo Kil-lar'ney
(Sp.
Lille.
or Lucon
(mamz'bgr-i)
pal'mas).
Syn.
(HO-rool'yo)
pron. loo'thon') Mal'mb ( or "mal'mbl
Kil-mar'nQck
Palmas.
Lith'u-a'nT-a
-

'

dQ,wolf,t<5o,td"bk; firn,rue,pull; S,g,soft; ,g,hard; ag; exist;

o as ng;

this-,

&,o,\i,ee,l,n,a,vr,Bp,G iE,x. } K i B, }Tj (see p. 502)

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

510

Mocha (mo'ka
(German
M'un- Ngr-bud'dah
or Nykbping, or NykMalplaquet (mal'- Meck'len-burg
Arab. pron. mo'chen, miin'Hgn)
Narmada
(nar- jbping
(nii'chb'pla'ka')
( Ger pron. mek'[na) MHnstgr (Treland)
ma'da)
Malta (mawl'ta It.
len-bdbRG')
Ka')
ping, almost nee'Mod'e-n %(or mod'a.- Miinster (Ger.)
Neufchatel, or Neupron. mal'ta)
Medina (Arabia)
chup-ing)
Mo'hawk
(mun'stgr or
(me-dee'na)
chatel (nush'a'Malvern (niaw'mun'stgr)
tel') (Ger. NeuenMedina (U. S.) (me- Moldau (moPdow)
vgrn)
Mol-da'vi-a
Mur, or Muhr
burg.
Malwah (mawl'wa) dl'na)
noi'gn0.
(mooR)
Mancha, La (la Med'I-ter-ra'ne-an Mo-luc'cajf
boi>R)
Melbourne (mel'- Mombaza (mom- Murcia (mur'shT-a, Neuilly-sur-Seine
man'cha)
ba'za)
Spanish
pron.
burn)
(nuh'ye'suR'san')Oahu (wah'hoo)
Man'ches-ter
Mon-go'lT-a
mooR'the-a)
Neuse (niis)
Oaxaca, or Oajaea
Manheim, or Mann- Mel-ro^e'
Mus-cat'
[teen') Ne'va ( Russ. pron.
(wa-u'd'ka) wriU
heim (man'hlm) Me-lun' (Fr. pron. Mo-non'ga-he'la
Mon-ro'vi-a
Muscatine (mus'ka- na'va)
ten a/so Guaxaca.
m'luN)
Ma-nil'la (Sp. Ma"
Mus-co'gee
Nevada (na-va'na) O'ber-lin
Mem'gl (or ma'mel) Mon-ta'na
nila, ma-nee'la)
Mem'phre-ma'gog Montauban (moN'- Mus'cQ-vy
Nevers (neh-veR') Obi, or Oby (o'be),
Mantchooria,
to'boN')
Muskingum (mus-Ne'vis, Ben
or Ob
Mandshooria, or Menai (m6n'i or
Mont Blanc (moN king'gum)
men'a) (Strait)
Newcastle
(Dela- Oceana (o'she-a'na)
Mandchouria
bloN ) or Mount Mysore (ml-sor')
ware (nu'kas-sl) Oceania (o'she-a''
(man-choo're-a) Me-nan'
Blanc.
Newcastle
Mendocino (m6n(Eng.)
nT-a)
Man'tu-a,
Montcalm (mont(nu-kas'sl)
Manzanfllo (pron.
do-see'no)
Oceanica
(o'shekatu')
Newfoundland
man-sa-neel'yo
Mentz (ments), or
anl-ka)
Mont Oenis (m<5N
( mints
(nu'fund-land') Oc-mul'gee
by the Mexicans,
Mainz
Mayence,
sgh-ne' or sghman-thaNew Le'on (Sp. O'cra-coke
and
(Fr.
ness')
Nacogdoches (nak'- Nuevo
mii'yoNss')
[da)
neel'yo by the
LeonjOdenseto'dgn-sch)
o-do'chiz)
Spaniards)
Mer'T-da, (or mer'e- Montenegro (monnwa'vo-la-on')
O-des'sa
ta-na'gro)
Na-hant'
Maracaybo, or Ma- Mer'I-on'eth
New Or'le-ang o/-Oeland^o'land)
Monterey (mon-ta- Namur (na'mur
ten, but less cor- Oestreich (bst'riK).
racaibo (ma-ra- Mer'rT-mack
Fr. pron.
ra>)
Mersey (mer'zT)
na/ki'bo)
rectly, called New
Syn. Austria.
Maranon (m'a-ran- Messina (mes-see'- Mon'te-vid'e-o (or m'uR')
Or-l5an'.
Ogeechee
(o-gee'[ra'do)
mon-ta-vee'da-o) Nan'cy (Fr. pron. Ngami ('n-gii'mee)
yon'). Syn. Amana)
chee)
noN'se')
zon.
Mesurado (ma-soo- Montgomery
Niagara
(nl-ag'a-O-hl'o
Fr.
(mont-gum'er-e) Nangasaki
Mar'blohead'
(m6ts
(nangsometimes Okhotsk (o-Kotsk'
Metz
ra
Montmartre (mSN'- ga-sa'ke)
Marlborough
pron. mas)
pron. ni-ag'a-ra)
Russ. pron. alNan-kin', or Nan- Nicaragua
Fr.
maRtr')
(mawl'bfuh)
(nik"aMeuse (muz
most o-Hotsk')
"
or
king'
pron. muz) (Dutch Montmorency,
Mar'mQ-ra, or
ra'gwa)
Ol'dgn-burg ( Ger.
Nantes (nants Fr. Nice (nees)
Montmorenci
Mar'ma-ra
Maese, or Maas,
pron.
ol'den(mont'mo-ren'sT
pron. noNt)
Niemen (nee'men)
Marne (maim)
mas)
bdbRG')
Fr. pron. moN'- Nan-tuck'et
Marquesas (marPol. pron. nyem'- Olmiitz
Mex'i-co ( Sp. pron.
fol'm'dts),
Naples (na'plz) (It.
mo'roN'se')
or Oll'mlitz
ka'sas)
meh'He-ko)
en)
(mar- Miaco (me-a'ko),
Mont-pe'li-er
Napbli, na'po-le) Nieuport (nu'port) Omaha (o'ma-haw')
Marseilles
or Kee'o
Mont-pel'liHjr (Fr. Narbonne
(naR'- Niger
(nl'jgr), or Oman (6-man')
salz') (Fr. Marpron. moN'pe'l'lebon')
Miami (ml-a'mi)
Quor'ra
O'mer,
seille, maR'sal')
St.
(Fr.
Nar'ra-gan'sett
Mar'ta-ban'
Michigan (mish'ia')
NUe (Arab. Bahr Saint Omer, saNt
Martinique (mar'tig'n, or
mish'i- Montreal (mont're- Nash'u-a
Nil, baH'r neel)
o'meR')
neek'
gan)
awP Fr. pron. Nas'sau^ Ger. pron. Nimes, or Nismes 0-ne'ga (Russ.
pron. o-na'ga)
Michilimackinac
moN'ra'aP)
nas'sou)
Ma'ry-land
(neem)
Natal (na-tal')
Mas'sa-chu'setts
(mish'il-e-mak'in- Mont'sgr-rat'
Ni-phon', or
NT- Oneida (o-ni'da)
Natch'i-toch'es
Mat'a-gor'da
aw.) Syn. Mack- Moorshedabad
Onondaga (on'unpon'
inaw.
(sometimes pro- Nip'is-sing'
Mat'a-mo'rgs, or
(moor'shed-adaw'ga)
Michoacan (me'cho- biid')
nounced
Matamoras
nak'e- Nizh'nee (or Nijni) Ontario "(on-ta'ri-o)
a-kan')
Moorzook,
Oo'na-las'ka,
or
Ma-tan'zas (or maMour- tush')
[to'li-a.
Nov'go'rod
Milan (mil'an or
zouk, or Murzuk Na-to'lT-a, or An'a- Norfolk (nor'fgk)
Oo'na-lash'ka
tan'thas)
mi-lan')
Mauch-Ghunk
(moor-zook')
Nav'a-hoe
(In- Nor'man-dy
Op'e-lojj'sgs
(mawk-chunk') Mil-wau'kee, or Mil- Mo-ra'vi-a
dians)
written Nor'ridge-wock
O-por'to
waukie
Mauchline (moK'Moray pron. and also Nabajo.
Norrkbping (noR'- Or'e-ggn
Minas-Geraes
written, Navarin
often
(na-vachb-ping)
Orellana (o-rel-ya'lin)
(mee'nas-zhaMur'ray.
(Norw.
Maui (mou'ee)
reen'), or Navari- Nor'way
na).
Syn. Amara'es)
Mo-re'a. Syn. PeloNorge,noR'g6horO'ri-no'ko
[zon.
Mau-mee'
[pa')
no(nav-g-ree'no).
Maurepas (mo're- Mindanao (min-da- ponnesus.
Navarre "(na-var') noR'ga)
O-ris'ka-ny
na'o), or Magin- Morena, Sierra (seMauritius ( maw(Sp. Navarra, na- Norwich
Orizaba (o-re-sa/ba)
(Eng.)
dinao (ma-henrish'i-us)
eR'Ra mo-ra'nii)
Orkneys (ork'nez)
vaR'Ra)
[na)
(nor'rij)
de-na'o)
Mayence.
See
Mo-roc'co, or Ma- Neagh, Lough (Ioh Norwich
(U. S.) Orleannais, or OrMinho (Portugal)
rocco (Arab. Ma- Ne-bras'ka
Mentz.
leannois (oR'la'a7*
(nor'rich or nor'raksh nia-raksh') Neck'ar, or Neck'gr wich)
Mayenne (ma'yen' (meen'yo)
no')
,

N.

(mln)
May-nooth'( or
nooth

Mayo

Mos'cow (Russ.
Moskwa, mosk-

Min'ne-so'ta

or mi'en')

Mayn

MT-nor'ca

mk

or

Neel'gher'ry,

(mis'- Mo'sul, or Moo'sul

mooR')
Moy'a-men'sing
so-long'ge)
Ne-o'sho
(mo- Neots, St.
(mek'lin), Missouri (mis-soo'- Mozambique

Mechelen

(meK'gl-gn)
a,e,&c. Jong

ri)

Mobile (mo-beeP)

ti,e, 5, less prolonged;

Nova

Scotia (no'va Or'le-an (Fr.prmi,

*
sko'shi-a)
or'I^'on?)
O'sage' (Fr. pron.
Nov'go-rod', or No'o'zazh')
vo-go-rod'
Oshmooneyn,
01

No'va Zeni'bla

ger'ree)

Nemours

ma- Missolonghi

or"

Neilgherry (neel'-

(mo-zel') Neg-ro-ponV,
(Ger. Mosel, mo'Eg'ri-po

Mis'sis-sip'pi

sat-lan')

Mechlin

wa')
Moselle

ma-shee')
Mis-sis'que

(Ireland)

(ma'o)
Maz'at-lan' ( or

Miramachi (mTr'a-

or

(ngh-

Nu'bi-a
Nueces" (nwa'ses)

Achmouneyn
(osh-moo-nan')

Nu'rem-bgrg (Ger. Os'na-briick'

(sgnt N'urnberg, nliRn'zam-beek')

beRG)
neets')
Munich (mu'nik) Ne-paul', or Nepal Nyanza (ne-an'za)

called,

English,
burg.

by

often
tht

Og'na-

&,6,&c, short ; a,g,i,Q, obscure; care,far,ask,all,what; 8re,Tgil,t5rm-} pique,fl:rm; sfin.o*

-;

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

See
Poictou.
Paw-tuck'et
Poitou.
Pays de Vaud (pa'eOst-end'
deh vo).
Syn. Poitiers, or PoicOs-we'go
tiers (poi-teerz'
Vaud.
Otaheite (o-ta-hee'Fr. pron. pwa'-See Tahiti.
Paz, La (la paz
te).
almost
pron.
te-a',
Sp.
la
O-tran'to (It. pron.
o'tran-to)
path)
pwl'te-a')
called by
(pa- Po'land
Ot'ta-wa_ (or ot'ta- Pe-chee-lee
the_ Poles Polska
wa)
chee-lee')
(pol'ska)
Oude (owd some- Pe'dee'
Polynesia
(pol'itimes improperly Peebles (pee'blz)
pronounced ood). Pei-ho (pa'ho')
nee'shl-a)
(oW- Pe'kin', or Pe'king' Pom'e-ra'nI-a(Ger.
Oudenarde
Pom'mgrn)
den-ar'deh) (Fr. Pe-lew'
Audenarde,
o'- Pembiua (pem'be- Pompeii (pom-pa'yee)
deh-naRd')
na)
Ouse (ooz)
Pembroke
(pem'- Pondicherry (pon'de-sher'ree) (Fr.
brdbk)
Qwego (o-wee'go)
Pondicherrjr
See Pe-nang'
O-why'hee.
pjN'de'sha're')
Hawaii.
Penn'syl-va/nl-a.
Pont'chgr-train'
Pe-nob'scQt
O-zark'
Pontefract (poua'Pen'sa-co'la
fret)
Penzance " (pen-

Oaguna (os-soo'na)

(poon'tas

zanss'
Pe-o'ri-a

P.

Perigord

Popayan

noR'ta)
also

Pyrenees

(pir'e-

Ri'o
Sp.

the

Grande

Dome (pwe
deh dom

pron. ree'o gran'and

da)
Rio

Bravo (ree'o bra'

Saint, and so for

other names having the prefix 0/
Saint.
Salado (sa-la'Do)
Sal-a-manc'a,
(or

sa-la-mang'ka)

vo).

nez)

(rl'o ja- Saline (sa-leen')

(sawlz'nee'ro orvee/o ja- Salisbury
ber-i),
or
New
na'ro) (Port. Rio
Sa'rum
de Janeiro, ree'o
da zha-na'e-ro) Salonica (sal-o-nee'ka), or Selaniki
Que-bec' (Fr. Queoften called sim(sel-a-nee'ke)
ply RI'o
bee, ka'bek')
Sa'lopr
Syn.
Queretaro (ka-ra7- Ro'a-noke'
Shrop'shire.
Rochefort (rotch'ta-ro)

Rio Janeiro

Q.

"(sal-vaQuiloa (kee'lo-a)
f^rt or rosh'foR') Salvador
doR')
Quito (kee'to)
Rochelle, or La RoQuor'ra. Syn. Ni- chelleflaRo'shel') Saltz'burg (sawlts'-

Roermonde (rooRmon'deh)
(Fr.
Ruremonde,

ger.

(po-pi-'an'

or po-pa-yan')
[goR')
(per'e'- Po-po-cat'a-petl'

a-ra'-

nas)
Puy de

Arenas

Puntas

511
called

Raab

R'uR'moNd')
(ro-man/ya)
Romania (ro-ma'ne-a,
or ro-ma-

Romagna

(rab)

burg),

or

Salz-

burg

( Ger. pron.
salts'bobRG)

Samana(sa-nu-na')
Sam'ar-cand'

Samoa (sa-mo'a)
San An-to'ni-o

San
Augustine
Racine (ras-seen')
(aw'gus-teen')
(port-o-prlnss
Rah way (raw'wa)
nam-boo'ko)
nee'a)
Pad'u-a, (It. PadoFr. pron. poRt- Raleigh (raw'li)
(per'shi-a,,
Rome (rom) (It. San Diego (san dePersia
va, pa/do-vii)
a/go)
o-priiNSs)
Rambouillet (roN'not per'zhi-a)
Paisley (p .iz'li)
Roma, ro'ma)
(or
Pal'em-bang'
Peru (pe-rob'*; Sp. Port Mahon (ma- boo'ya' or roN /- Ron'ce-val'lei (Sp. Sand'wich
sand'wij)
hon')
bool'ya')
(papron. pil-roo')
Roncesvalles,
Pa-lenque
Ramillies
(ram'e- ron-thes-val'j'es) San Fran-cis'co (or
lenk'a), or Cul- Peschiera (pes-ke- Por'to Prin/cT-pe
san fran-sees'ko)
Fr.
Porto Rico (por-to
lez
pron. Roo-me'll-a, or Ruhuacan (kool-wa- a'ra)
San Joaquin (san
Pesth (pest; Hung.
ree / ko)(Sp. PuerRa'mePye'orRa'melia
kan'
pron. pesht)
Ho-a-keen'
to Rico, pweR'to
me'ye')
Pa-ler'mo (It. pron.
Roth'er-hithe (vulSan Jose del Parree'ko)
Rangoon
garly, red'rif)
Pet-cho'ra, or Petpa-leR'mo)
(rangPortsmouth( ports'ral (san no-sa'
schora
goon')
Rot'ter-dam'
Pal'es-tine
del
muth)
Rap'id-an', orRap / - Rouen (roo'en Fr.
paR-RaP);
Paimas, or Las Pal- Pe't^-burg, Saint
(Port,
also called simply
id Ann
P5rt ; u-gal
pron. rwoN)
mas (las pal'mas) Phii/a-del'phi-a
Parral
pron. " poR-too- Rap'pa-han'nQck
Palo Alto(pa'loal'- Phil'ip-pine
Row-an'
gfiP)
Raritan, or Rariton Roxburgh
Ju'an
Piacenza
(pe-aSp.
(Scot- San
to)
pron. san Hoo-an'
Posen (po'zen)
(rar'it-un)
chen'za)
land) (roks'btirPani'li-co
or hwan)
(pam- Pic'ar-dy (Fr. _La Po-to'mac
Rat'is-bon
reh)
Pamplona
(Ger.
San Luis (Texas)
Regensburg, Ra.'- Rdgen (r'u'ggn)
Picardie, la pe'- Potosi (po-to-seCor
plo'na), or Pam(san loo'is)
po-to'see)
kaR'de')
gens-bd'oRG /
peluna (pam-paRumelia.
See
Poughkeepsie (po- Ra-ven / na (or raSan Luis de Potosi
Pictou (pik-too')
Roomelia.
loo'na)
or Piedmont
kip'si)
"ven'mi)"
(san loo'is, Sp.
(peed'Russia
Pa-mun'key,
(rush'I-a
pron. loo-ees', da
or roo'sh I-a
Pa-mun'ky
niont) (It. Pie- Prague (prag) (Ger. Reading (red'ing)
Prag, pr'aG)
(pan'ape-SRe-ho'bQth
po-to-see')
monte,
Ryswick
(riz'wik)
Panama
Chien Reichstadt
Prairie du
mon'ta)
(Dutch pron. rls'- San Marino (san
(rlK/ma')
pra'rl din sheen
stat
m'a-ree'no)
wik)
Papua (pap'oo-a. or Pilcomayo (pil-koFr. pron. pra're' Reigate (rFget)
San Salvador (siin
Syn.
mi'o)
pa/poo-a).
du she-aN')
Rei'ki-a-vlk
sal-va-doR')
New Guinea.
Pisa (pee'sa)
Pres'burgjWPress'- Reims," or Rheims
Sangamon (sang'Pis-cat'a-qua,
Para (pa-ra')
burg ( Ger. pron.
ga-mon)
(pa-r'a- Pis-cat'a-quis
(reemz; Fr. pron.
Paraguay
press'bcfoRG)
Santa Cruz (san'ta
raNz)
gwa' or pa-ra- Placentia (pla-sen'Presque Isle (presk Resaca de la Palma Saale (sa/Jeh)
kroos; Sp. pron.
sbi-a)
gwl')
Plaqueuiine (plak'eel)
san'ta-krooth ), or
(ra-sa/ka da la Sabine (sa-been')
Par'a-mar'I-bo
St. Croix
men')
Prip'ets (Pol. PrypaPma)
Sachsen "(sak'sen).
(sent
Parana (pa-ra-na')
kroi)
pec, prip'ets)
Rheims. <See Reims.
See Saxony.
Parana-Iba, or Pa- Plata, La (la pla'called also Provence
San'ta
ta)
Fe
ranahiba (pa-ra(pro 7 - Rhine (rln) (Ger. Saco (saw'ko)
( Sp.
pron. san'tS fa)
tonss')
Rhein
or
ike
Argentine
Dutch Sag-hal'i-en,
na-ee'ba)
Santa Fe de Bogota
Rhyn both pro- Sakhalien
(ar'jen-tm)
Re- Prussia (priSsh'i-a
Parima (pa-r5'ma)
"
or proo'shi-a)
nounced as the Sag'i-naw
[na')
(da bo go-taO
Parina (pa-re-na')
public.
English Rhine) Saguenay (sag'eh- Santa Maria (san'Fr. Plata, Rio de la Pruth
Ger. "pron.
Paris
par'is
pron. pa'Re')
Rhodes (rodz)
Sahara (sa-ha'ra or
ta niii-ree'a)
(re'o da la pla'proot)
Sau'ta Mau'ra (or
Rhone (ron)
sah'ha-ra)
Pascagoula (pas'ta)
Puebla (pweb'la)
Saigon (sl'gou') or
Plin-lTrn / mQn
san'ta mow'ra)
ka-goo'la)
Puerto
Principe Rideau (re'do')
Sa'gong
Paso del Norte (pa/ - Plombieres (ploN'(pw^R'to prin'se- Riesengebirge (ree'(sl'- Santarem
(san-tabe-eR')
gong')
so del noR'ta)
pa or preen'the- zen-ga-beeRG'eh)
reN', almost sanPas-sa'ic
Plymouth (plim'- pa) or
Por'fro Ri'ga (or ree'ga)"
St. Bernard (sent
ta-reng')
Pas'fa-ma-quodMy
iith)
Prin'ci-pe
Rio del Norte "(rT'o
ber'n.ard)
San'tee'
[a'go)
" Germain Santiago
Pat'a-go'ni-a,
Poictiers.
See
Punjab (pun-jab'), del
Sp. Saint
(san-tenorf;
Poitiers.
or Pun-jaub'
pron. ree'o del
See
Pavia pa-vee'a)
Germain, Saone (son)

Pernambuco (peR- Port-au-Prince

Pa-dang'

"

de,W9lf,too,t6t>k; urn,rue,py.ll; Q,g,soft; v,g,hard; &%] ercist;

rj

as ng; this;

a,,o,\X,ee ,1,5,8,^,8,0,6^^^^,0- (see p. 502).

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

512

(skoo'ta- Sinde,
or
Scinde Steuben (stu'ben or Taunton
(Eng.)Tivoli (tiv'o-le or
(sind)
stu-ben')
(tawn'tQn)
tee'vo-lee)
go'tha)
Sebastopol. See Se- Singapore (sing'ga- Stock'holm
Taunton
(Mass.) Tobago (to-ba'go)
SXr'a-nac'
vastopol.
por'), or Singa-Ston'ing-tQn
(tan'tgn)
To-bolsk'
Sar'a-to'ga,
Secunderabad (sepoor
Stralsund
(strap- Tchad (chad)
To-kay'
(Hung
Sar-din'I-a (It. Sarkfin'der-a-bad') Sin-o'pe (Turk. Sinsoond)
Tehran, or Teheran pron. to-koi';
degna, saR-den'- Seine (san)
oob, or Sinoub, Strasboiug (straz'(teh-h'ran')
To-le'do ( Sp. pron.
burg; Fr. pron.
ya or sar-dan'ya) Sen'e-ca
se-noob')
written also Tehto-la'Do)
Sarmiento (saR-me- Senegal"
(sen'e- Sioux (usually pron.
straz'booR') ( Ger.
raun.
or
Tom-big'bee,
en'to)
gawl')
soo Fr. pron. se- Strassburg,
Tehuantepec
(taTom-beck'be
3aros_
stras'bobRG)
( Hungary ) Sen'e-gam'bi-a
oo')
wan-ta-pek')
Tonkin or Tonquin
(shR'rosh')
Strasburg
Serin gapatam" (ser- Skag'ger Rack
(Ger-Teignmouth (tin'- (ton-keen')
Sarum (sa'rQm)
ing'ga-pa-tam')
(sko'na)
many)
Skane
(stras'muth or tan'- Toorkistan, or Turwritten
Sas-katch'a-wan'
SSr'vi-a
often
bobRG)
muth)
kistan (tooR'kisSault
Schonen ( Dutch. Stromboli (stroin'- Temesvar (tem-esh- tan')
de" Sainte Setubal(sa-too'bal),
pron.
sKo'nen
Marie (Fr. pron.
or
Setuval (sabo-lee)
vaR')
written To-pe'ka
sho'ngn)Stutt'gart, or Stut- also Temeschwar. Tbplitz," Toeplitz
sodehsaNma're',
too'val), or
St.
Ger.
but "now usually
Ubes (ubz)
and Scania (ska'- gard ( Ger. pron. Teneriffe (ten'er-iP) (tbp'lits), or Tep(or
caWedSault (soo) Sev'as-to'pgl
ne-a).
stdbt'gaRt)
(Sp. Tenerife, ta- htz (tep'lits)
se-vas'to-pol)
St. Ma'ry.
Skaneateles (skan'-Styria (stir'i-a)
na-ree'ia)
Tor-bay'
written Suabia, or Swabia Ten'nes-see'
Sauterne, or Sauless correctly, Bee-at'lgs)
To-ron'to
ternes (so'teRn')
bastopol (in Rus(swa'bi-a)
also Skeneateles.
Tgr-nate' (or ter- Tortuga (tor-too f Sava (sa'va)
CeBacrb- Skye (ski)
sian
Suez (soo'ez Arab,
na'ta)
ga)
Sa-van'nah
noAk, sS-vas-to'- Slg-vo'nl-a, or Scla- pron. soo-ez' or Ter'ra del Fu-e'go, Toulon (too'lciN')
Sav'oy (or sa-voi')
pol)
soo-az')
or fierra del Fue- Toulouse, or Thou
vo'ni-a"
(It.
Savoia, sa- Sev'ern
(Dan. Suffolk (suf'fok)
Sles'wick
go_(te-eR'Ra del
louse (too'looz')
vo'ya;Fr. Savoie, Seville (sev'il or seGer. Suir (shur)
Sles'vig ;
fwa'go)
Touraine (too'ran')
sa'vwa')
vil')
Schleswig, shies'- Sumatra (soo-ma'- Terre-Bonne (teR'-Tournay (tooR'na' ;
Saxe
Altenburg Sevre
(sev'r
or
tra)
bon' often pron.
wio)
Flem.
Doornik,
(saks al'ten-burg)
sav'r)
Sluys (sloi.=)
Sun'da
tar-bon')
doR'nik)
Saxe Co'burg
Seychelles (sS'shel') Smo-lensk', or Smo- Surat (soo-raf)
Terre-Haute (ter'- Tours (tooR)
Saxe Weimar (saks Shamo (sha'mo')
Surinam
reh-h6t;jPr. pron. Towcester
len'sko
(soo-rl(tows'wi'mar)
or
Shang-HaY,
nam')
Smyrna (smTr'ng)
teR'hot' or ter'tgrj
Sax'o-ny
(Ger.
Chang-Hai
called Izmeer'~6y Sus'que-han'na
reh-h5t)
Traf'al-gar',
or
Sachsen, sak'sgn)
(shang'hi');
the Turks.
Sutledge (sut'lej)
Tevlot (tiv'e-ot)
Tra-fal'gar
Scan'di-na'vl-a
sometimes writ- Snow'den
[tra Swa'bi-a. Syn. Sua- Thames (tmz)
Tra-lee'
Scarborough (skar'ten Shang-Hae.
So-co'tra, or Soc'obia. "
Than'gt
Tran'syl-va'ni-a
b'ruh or skar'bur- Shar'Qn
Sofala (so-fa'la or Swe'dgn
(theebz) TrasosMontes "traa
(Sw. Thebes
ruh)
She-boy'gan
Swerige,
called
so'i'a-la)
swer'eThebai os mon'tfis)
forScheldt
(skelt)
merly
written Soissons (swas'soN', geh)
(the'va)
by the Treb'i-zond'
(Dutch Schelde,
Cheboygan.
almost swi'son') Switz'er-land
modern Greeks. Tre-mont'
sKel'deh
Ger. Sheeraz, or Shiraz Soleure (so'Iur')
(swits'-)
Theiss (tls) (Hung. Treves (treevz) (Fr.
Schelde,shel'deh)
(she'raz' or shee'- Solferino
(sol-fa- Syr'a-cuse (It. SiriTisza, tee'sg-h'j
Treves,
trav
Schemnitz (shem'- raz)
[lee)
cusa, se-re-koo'- Thes'sa-ly, or ThesGer. Trier, treer)
ree'no)
nits)
Trichinopoli,
or
Sheer-ness'
sa'li-a
Somauli (so-maw'- sa)
Schenectady (skg- Shen'an-do'ah
Thibet," or
Tibet
Trichinopoly
S^r'i-a
S6m'gr-set
nek'ta-dy)
Shiraz. See S"heeraz. So-no'ra
(tib'et or ti-bet');
(tritch'in-op'o-le)
Szegedin
(seg'ed'Schiedam
written also Tib- Triest, or
(sKee'- Shrewsbury (Mass.) Soodan, Soudan, or
en' or seg'ed'in')
Trieste
dam')
bet.
(shruz'ber-i)
( tre-est' or tre-es'
Sudan (soo'dan')
Schiraz
(she'raz'). Shrewsbury
Thomaston (tom'- ta)
(Eng- Sorata (so-ra'ta)
as-tun)
Syn. Sheeraz.
land) (shruz'bgr-i Southampton
Trincomalee
T"1
-L *
Thurgau
(tOOR'Schleswig. See Slesor shroz'bgr-i)
(trink'o-ma-lee')
(suth-hamp'tun)
wick.
gow), or Thur- Trin'i-dad'
Siam (si-am' or se'- Spa (spaw Fr. and
called by
go'vi-o(Fr. Thur- Trip'o-li
Schoharie
(sko- Si-be'rI-a
[am')
Flem. pron. spa) Ta-co'ny
"
or Taf'ithe
natives Tahar'ree)
( span'- Taf'I-let',
govie, tiiR'go've')
Spandau
Si9'i-lJ>(thuThuringia
Schonbruun,
or Sl-en'na (It. Siena,
lelt'
ra'bloos.
dow)
Ger. Trois Rivieres (trwa
Schoenbrunn
se-a'na)
Ta'gus (Sp. Tajo, rin'ji-a)
Spey (spa)
Thiiringen, tu'Syn.
ta'Ho Port. Tejo,
re've-eR').
(shbn'brobn)
Sierra Gorda (se-eR'- Speyer (pronounced,
ring-gn)
Three Rivers.
Schoodic (skoo'dik)
Ra goR'da)
and often written, ta'zho)
Tl'bgr (It. Tevere, Trondhjem,
or
Tahiti (ta-hee'te)
Schuylkill (skool'- Si-er'raLe-o'ne(-^>.
Spire).
Trondjem.
pron. se-eR'Ra la- Spitz-berg'gn
Talavera
la
ta'vS-ra)
kil)
de
Reyna (ta-la-va'- Tibet, or Tibbet. Trosachs (tro'saksi
Schwarzburg
Spor'a-des
o'nli)
See Thibet.
Truxillo, or Trujillo
ra da la ra'e-na)
(shwarts'burg or Sierra Madre (se- Stamboul
(stam(troo-Heel'yo)
Ti-con'dgr-o'ga
bool'). Syn. Con- Tah'le-quah
shwaRts'bdbRG)
eR'Ra maa'ra)
Tal'la-has'see
Tiflis
(tif-lees') Tubingen (tii'bingSchwerin
Morena (se- stantinople.
( shwa- Sierra
written also Tegn)
reen')
eR'Ra mo-ra'na) Staten
Island Tal'la-poo'sa
called by
[flis. Tu'nis ;
Tampico (tain-pee'- Ti'gris
Scilly (sil'li)
Sierra Nevada (se(stat'tn T'land)
or
the natives Too'Tim-buc'too,
Scinde (sind) Syn.
ko)
eR'Ra na-va'Da) Staubbach (stoub'nis.
Sinde.
Tananarivoo (ta-na- Tom-booo'to
Silesia (si-lee' shi-a)
baK)
Scio (si'o or shee'o)
(te-Tu'pe-lo
Timor Laut
Schlesien, Staunton
na-ree-voo')
(Ger.
("Va.)
Tur'co-ma'nl-a
Scioto (si-o'to)
mor'lout)
shla'ze-gn)
(stan'tun)
Tangier (tan-jeer')
Tu'rin (or tu-rin'
Scituate (sit'u-at)
Sim-pher-o'pol, or Staunton
(Eng. ) Taos (ta'5s, almost Tl-o'ga
Tipperary (tip-perr. pron. tii'raN')
Scla-vo'ni-a.
Syn.
(stan'tun or stan'towss)
Simferopol
Torino, to(It.
[ka)
Slavonia."
Taranto (ta'ran-to) a'rl)
tun)
Sim'plon (Fr.pron.
ree'no)
Titicaca (tit-e-ka'Scot'land
Stettin (stet-teen') Tag-ma'ni-a
saN'ploN')
(Sp. Scutari
Zaragoza, tha-raree)

Sar'a-gos'sa

a,e,&c. ,long; &,e,o,less prolonged; a,e,&c. short; a,g,i, 2, obscure; care,iar,ask,all,what ; ere,vsil,t5nu
,

pique,fTrm, s6n.cr.

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

Turkey (tur'ky), or
Ot'to-man Em-

TT
*

Vienna (U.

S.) (vi-

War 'saw

(Pol.

Warszawa,

en'na)

vaR-

513

(wdbPvgr-hamp'-

Slav 7 ), or Yekata-

tun)

rinoslaf.

Syn.

sha/va or \vaR- Woolwich

(wdbP- Ekatarinoslaf.
Villa (In Sp. veel'Port.
sha/va)
itch or wcJbPij)
in
ya
Yem'en
Warwick
(Eng.) Worcester (wcJbs 7 - Yenikale, or Jenisni-a; Sp."pron.
veel'la or villa)
Tos'ca-ny (It. Tos( wor'rik)
ter)
va-len'the-a)
Villa Real (veel'ya
kale (yen'e-ka'S)
cana, tos-ka/na)
Warwick (U. S.) Worms
(wtirmz Yenisei (yen'e-sa'e
ValeDciennes (va/ra-aF)
Tus'ca-ro'ra
(wor'wik or wor'or yen-e-sa'), or
loN'se-en')
Villa
Rica
(Sp.
Ger. pron.
Tyr'gT ( Ger. pron.
rik)
te-rol'
Valentia
(va-len'America) (veel7 woRms)
Enisei (en'e-sa'e)
Washita
or
shi-a)
(wosh'i- Wurtemberg (wflr'- Yesso
Jesso
fy-rone' (ti-ron')
ya ree'ka)
taw')
Ger.
Val'la-do-lid' ( Sp. Villa Rica (Brazil)
tem-berg
(yes'so)
pro'ii.
pron. wuR'tem- Yo-sem'i-te
val-ya-DO(viPla, or veePla, Wa'ter-ee'
written Ypres
Wa'tgr-loo' [Dutch
leeD')
ree'ka)
beRG')
(ee'p'r)
Valois (val'wa')
Villefranche (vePpron. wa'tgr-lo')
(Flemish Ypern,
also Wirtemberg.
Valparaiso (val-pafroNsh') (It. Vil- Weimar (wPruar) Wy'an-dofc'
Fpern)
See
(wa'ngr), Wy-o'ming
Yu'ca-tan^or yoo'rl'so)
lafranca,
vil-la- Wener
Ubes, Saint
kii-'tan'.)
Vancouver
(vanfran'ka)
or Wenner (wen'- Wythe (with, th as
Setubal.
ner)
koo'vgr)
Yincennes
(vin'in thin)
Ucayale (oo-ki-a/Yvetot (ev'to')
or Ucayali Van Diemen's (van
senz'
Fr. pron. We'ger ( Ger. pron.
la),
dee'menz)
-wa'zer)
(oo-kT-a/lee)
vaN'sen')
(in'Ukraine, (yoo'kran Yaud(vo), or Pays- "Virginia (vgr-jhV- West Indies
de-Vaud (pa'e- i-g)
dez)
or oo-kran')
"

pire.

Valencia

Tus'ca-loo'sa

(va-len'-

U.

X.

Ulm

(Ger.

pron.

(Tolm)

Um-ba'gog

Umea

(oo'me-o)

Unterwalden

z.

Vistula (vist'yu-la) West'mgre-laud

Vendee La (la von-'- Vitebsk (ve-tebsk'), West-pha'li-a (Ger. Xenia (zee'nl-a)
(zak-aZacatecas
or Vitepsk. Syn.
Westpbalen,
Xenil
(Ha-neel').
ta'kas or sa-kada')
Witebsk.
vvest-fa/lgn)
Syn. Genii.
Vendome
(von 7 ta'kas)
Vol'ga, or Wolga
Weymouth (wa/- Xeres (Sp. pron. Zaire, or Zahir (zadom')
Venezuela (ven'g- Vosges (vozh)
muth)
Ha-res'
PorU
eer').
Syn. Conzwee'la
Wid'in, or Vidin.
pron. sha-res' or
Sp.
gopron. " ven-ethWilkesbarre
sher-Ss')
Zam-beze' (or zam(wilks'bar-rT)
wa/la)
[a)
Xingu, or Chingu ba'ze)
"OT
*'
Venetia (ve-ne'shiWil'na, or Vilna
(shen-goC)
Zanguebar (zang y Windsor (whPzor)
Venice (ven'iss) (It.
ga-bar')
Yeuezia, ven-ed'- Wabash
(waw / - Win'ne-ba'go
Zan'te
WuPni-peg
ze-a)
bash)
Zan'zi-bar'

dgh-vo')

Ulea, (oo'le-5)

((Ton 7 -

ter-wal'den),

or

Un'der-wal'den
(ooUpernavik

peK y na-vik)
Up'sal, "or Upsala
(up-sa/la)
or
Oural
U'ral,
Winnipiseogee
Vera Cruz (va'ra Waday (wa/di)
(ob-raP)
(win'ne-pis-sok'kroos)
"VVagram (wa/gram
Ger.
Uri (yoo'ri;
or wa/gram)
pron. oo're)
Vergennes
(verki)
Yakootsk
(yaWaldoborough
Wisbaden (wis-ba/- kootsk'); written
(u'roojenz')
Uruguay
gwa', or oo-roo- Ver-mont'
(wawl'do-buVdgn), or Wiesbaalso
Yakoutsk,
Verona (va-ro'na)
ruh)
den
(wees-ba/gwP)
Yakutsk.
Versailles
(ver- Wales,
[ki-a)
dgn)
Yang-tse-kiang
Ushant (ilsh'ant)
salz'
Fr. pron. Wallachia (wol-la/- Wis-cSs'set
(yang 7 tse-keU'ti-ca
or
Youta vea'sal' or veR- Waltham
(Eng.) Wis-con'sin,
ang')
Utah," or
(woPtam)
Wiskonsin.
say v )
Yanina, or Janina
(yoo'ta, less properly yoo'taw)
Ve-su/vi-us
(It. Waltham
(Mass.) Wit'ten-berg ( Ger.
(ya'ne-na)
Vesuvio, va-soo'(wol'tham)
pron.
wit'tgn- Ya-zoo'
Utrecht (u'trekt ;
Dutch pron. iP- ve-o)
Wandsworth
beRG 7 )
Yeddo, or Jeddo
treKt)
Vienna (ve-en'na) (wonz'wurth)
Woburn
(woo /- (yed'do)
(Ger. Wien, ween, Warasdin (wa'rasburn)
Uttoxeter
(uks'eYekatarinoslav (yaalmost veen)
ter)
deen')
Wolverhampton
ka-ta-ree-no-

Y.

3Q,wolf,too,t6"'ok

urn,rue,pull g,g,soft;-e, g, har#;a,

;

exist

s asng

this

Zebu, or Cebu (seeboo 7 Sp. pron.

;

tha-boo')
Zollverein (tsol'fgrIn')
Ziirich

(zu'rik

Ger. pron.

tsii/-

riK)

Zuyder, or Zuider,
Zee (zi'dgr zee or
zoo'der-zee

Dutch pron. zoi'der za)

Zweibriicken (tswibr'uk'kgn). Syn.
Deux-Ponts.

6& lI,fi f8,w,B ) D l G,H,K J N,B > u(seep. 502).

> 8,]j J

PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
OF

MODERN BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

bu-kerk

Port.

Annesley

(anz'lT)

pron.
al-boo- Anquetil-Duperron
keRk' or al-boo(dN'keh-tePdiPAbbasides (ab-baVkeR'ka)
peVroN')
I-dez)
Alcuin
(aPkwin) An'stru-ther {popAbdalla
(ab-daP(Lat. Al-cuPnus)
ularly an'ster)
lah), or Abdullah Aldrich (awPdritch Antonelli
(an-to(ab-duPlah)
or awl-drlj)
nePlee)
Abd-el-Kader abd- Aldus (itPdus) (It. AVa-go (Fr. pron.
writgl-ka/dgr)
Aldo, aPdo)
a/ra/go')
ten also Ab-dul- Alembert
(a/loN'- Aram (a/ram)
Kadir.
beR'), or d'Alem- Ar'buth-not
(proAVg-lard, or Ab'bert (da/loN'beR')
nounced in Scotai-lard (Fr. pron. Alfieri (aPfe-a^ree)
land
ar-buth / d'ba'laR')
Alford (awPfgrd)
nQt)
Abercromby (ab'gr- Algarotti
(al-ga- Ariosto
( ar'i-os'to

Avila (a/vM'A)

Ayeshah

(a'e-sha)

(Ar. pron. nearly

I'c-sha)
Ay ton, Aytoun (a7 -

tun)
Azeglio (ad-zaPyo)

Baur (bowr)
mino,
bel-laRBayard (ba'ard or mee'no)
bpard Fr. pron. BePlen-den
;

baVyaR')

Bauer (bow'er)
Belknap (bePnap)
Baumgarten"
Bellamy
(Engj
(bowm'gaR-tgn)
(bePla-mi)
Baumgartner
Bellarmln (bl-'aW
(bowm'gaRt / ner). min) (Ic. Bellar-

B.

Bellini (bel-lee'nee)

Bayazid

(ba-ya-

zeed'

or

BePsham

bl-a- Belzoni (bel-zo'nee)

Syn. Ba- Ben'bow

zeed 7 ).

Bentham (ben'tam
Baba,
(a/lee
jazet.
Ali
or ben'tham)
ba/ba)
[kee) Beatoun (be'tun)
Bacciochi(bat-cho'- Beatrice
(be'a- Bentivoglio fben-teBach (baK)
treess
It. pron.
voPyo)
krunPbT) someBenvenuti (b8n-vSrot'tee)
or a-re-os'to)
Bache (batch)
ba-a-tree'chil)
times written Ab- Ali (iPlee)
Beattie
noo'tee
(bee'ti
Arminius (ar-min'I- Baillie (ba'lee)
ercrombie.
Alighieri
Scotch pron. ba7 - Beranger (ba'roN'Bailly (Fr.) (ba'le
(a-le-gefis)
Abernethy (ab'era'ree)
or ba'ye')
tT)
Arnaud (aR'no')
zha')
ne-thT) ;
Scotch Alison (aPi-sg-n)
(baj'a-zet).
Beaucbamp
(Eng.) Ber'en-ger
Arnauld (aR'no') Bajazet
pronunciation
Allston (awPstgn) Arnault (aR'no')
Syn. Bayazid.
(bee'cham)
Ber'es-fgrd
abgr-net.TPi)
Almack (aPmak)
(Fr.) Berkeley (formerly
Balboa (bal-bo'a) Beauchamp
Arndt (aRnt)
Abinger (ab'in-jer) Al-Mansur,
(baPfur;
(bo'shoN')
bark'ly)
or Arnould (aR'noo') Balfour
7
or
Abu-Bekr, "
-Mansour
in
Scot,
bal-fobr
Beauclerc
(aR-ta(bo 7 - Bernadotte(b5r-na(al- Arteveld
)
Abou-Bekr (a'~ man-soor')
klSrk)
dof or beR'na'velf), or Arte- Balguy (baPgi)
boo-bekr')
dot')
Almeida (al-ma7e- velde (aR-ta-veP- Ballou (bal-looO
Beaufort
(Eng.)
Abul-Feda,
or
(bo'fgrt)
BSr'nard ( Fr. pron.
da or al-miPda)
sometimes Balzac (baPzak')
deh)
Aboulfeda
beR'DaR')
(a'- Alsop (awPsQp)"
Anglicized Arte- Barbarossa ( bar'ba- Beaufort (Fr.) (bo'booPfe-da')
Alston (awPstg-n)
fOR')
Bernouilli
(berros'sa)
velde (art- veld')
Abu-Mansur (a/- Alton (Eng.) (awP- AVun-del
nooPyee or beiPBarbauld
(Eng.) Beauharnais (bo'boo-man-sooR')
nooPye')
tgn)
or
aR'na')
(bar'bawld
Ascham (as'kam)
Achilli (a-kee'lee or Alverez (Port.) (aP- Ashburnham (asb/Beaumarchais (bo'- Berzelius (ber-zee'bar-bo')
Sw. pron.
a-kiPlee)
Vfi-TCS^
li-us
Barberini (baR-bamaR'sha/)
burn-am)
Adair (a-daV)
Alvarez (Sp.) (aP- Xsh'bur-tgn,
Beaumont (Eng.) beR-zTT'le-us/
or
ree'nee)
Adalbert
(a'dal'BettPam
va-reth)
(bo'mont)
Barbier (baR'be-5'
Ash'bur'tQn
beR')
(Fr. Bethune
(bghAnPa-de'Qs
almost baRb'ya') Beaumont
[rik) Atahualpa
^a-tathoon 7 )
Adanson (a/dgN'- Amalaric (am-aPa- hwaPpa)
(bo'moN')
Barbour (bar'bur)
f
Amer.
Bewick
(bu'ik)
SON')
Amalric (a-maPrfk Ath'el-stan
Beauregard (
[ya ) Barere (ba/reR')
Adelung
(a'dghor a'maPrek')
(bo'reh-gard'')
Be'za (Fr. Beze,
Aubigne" (5'ben'- Baretti (baVret'tee)
(Fr.)
bgz or baz)
loong)
Ambrogio (am-bro'- Aubrey
Beauregard
(Eng.) Barham (bar'am)
Agassiz (ag'a-see or jo)
Billaud-Varennes
(b5R'gaR')
(aWbri)
Baring ( Eng. ) ( bar'a-gas'siz "
Fr. Amelot (anPlo')
(bek'ka( be'yS'-va'rgnn')
Beccafumi
Auchmuty (a'mu- ing)
pron. a/gas'se')
Billaut (be'yo' or
Amerigo
Barmecide
(bar'foo'mee)
(a-maty)
Aguilar (a-ge-laR')
ree'go or a-meV- Au'du.-bon
Beccaria (b8k-kabe'yS')
(Fr.
mg-sld')
Ahmed (aH'mgd), e-go). See Ves- pron. o'diPb&'N') Barnave (baR'n'av') ree'a)
Biot (be'o' or be'of)
or Achmet ('%.'Bligh (bli)
pucci.
(bar'- Bed'doeg
Augustine (Saint) Barneveldt
met)
Blomfield (blum^
Amiot, or Amyot
Bede (beed)
(sent aw'gus-tin)
ngh-velt')
(5'- Barras (b'a'ra')
Ainsworth
(anz'feeld)
(a'me-o')
Bedell (Amer.)(beAurungzebe
Blount (blunt)
WQrth)
Ampere (ON'pfcR')
deP)
rQng-zab / or aw'- Barrere (ba'reR').
Akenside
Bliicher
(bloo^cgr?
(a'kgn- Am'u-rath or AmuSee Barere.
Bedell (Eng.) (bee^rung-zeeV)
sld)
Ger. pron. bid 7
rat (a-moo-rat') Avenzoar
del or be-deP)
(av-gn- Barrot (ba'ro')
Aladdin (a-lad'din) Ancillon (Fr.) (on'(ba'toK
r
Beethoven
zo'ar) (Ar. Ibn Barth (baRt)
)
(Arab.
Blumenbach ( bloo7Ala-edse'yoN')
Zohr, ib'n zoh'r) Barthelemy (baR'vgn)
Din (a'la/gd-den') Andre (Eng.) (Sn'~ Averroes
(a-ver'taPme' or baR7 - Behmon. See Boh- mgn-baK
Alaric (aPa-rik)
(bo-BaBobadilla
ro-Cs or av-^er-ro'me.
dra, or an'dri)
ta'leh-me')
Alberoni (al-ba-ro'- Angelo (an'ja-lo)
DeePyii)
es)
Basnage (ba'nazh') Behn (ben)
(boknee)
Angouleme
(on'- Avicenna
Behring (beer'ing Boccaccio
(av'e- Bath'urst
Alboni (al-bo'nee)
Danish pron. baV- kat'cho)
goo'lgm' or 6n'een'na) (Ar. Ibn Batthyani, or BathAlbuquerque (3P- goo'lam')
Bochart (bo^shaR')
ring)
Sina, ib'n se'na)
yani (bat-ya'nee)
;

'

,$ t kc.Jong;

a,e,o,lessjprolonged;

a,e,&c, short;

a,g,i,2,o&scwre; care,far,ask,all,what

re,vfiil,t5rm;pique,finn,s6n,6r,

MODERN BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

515

sent- Cclbert (kol'beR') Daguerre (da'geR'l

Colburn (kol'burn) 3)ahl (dal)

Brahe (bra or bra

liv'er)
pron. Cal'met (Fr. pron.
Danish
Dahlgren
Cervantes Saavedra Col'by
(dal'kal'ma')
bra'eh)
Boerhaave " (bor'gren
(ser-van't6z
sa- Co-len'so
(Eng.)
h3v Dutch pron. Bramante d'Urbino Calvert
Spanish
Coleridge
ved'ra
(kol'ry)
Dalhousie
(kal'vgrt)
(dal(bra-man'ta
booR'ha'vgh)
pron. "theR-van'- Coligny, or Coligni
hoo''a)
Calvert
(Amer.)
Bdhme (bb'ingh), dooR-bee'no)
(ko'len'ye',
or
tCs
sa-a-va/Dra)
Dalrymple
(kol'vert)
(dal/(brant)
Brandt
or Bbhm bom )
kol'en'ye')
(chal'rim-pl)
Boilean (boi'lo; Fr. Bremer (breeder Cambaceres (koN'- Chalmers
merz; Scot. pron. Col'man
Dal ton (dawl'tgn
Sw. pron. bra.'- ba'sa'res')
pron. bwa'lo')
Colquhoun
chaw'mefz)
(ko- Dalzell (da-el')
Cam'er-gn
mer)
Bojardo, o;Boiardo
hoon')
(shaDamiens
Ca-mo'ens
(or Chamier
(da'meBrissot (bre'so')
(bo-yaR'do)
Cdl'tQn
meer'
Sn')
Anglicized
Brockhaus (brok'- "kam'o-ens Port
Boleyn (bdbl'in)
Combe
Chamisso
(sha'me'pron.
ka-mo'eNs)
(koom)
Da'mi-eng.
howss)
Bolingbroke (bol'Com stock (ktlm'- Bam pier" (dam'so')
Broderip (brod'rip) Campbell (kam'el)
ing-brdbk
stok)
peer)
Bolivar bo-lee' van,; Brodie (bro'dl)
6~ Some fam- Champollion
(sham-pol'le-Qn, Conde
(kon'da Bandolo (dan'doilies of this name
erroneously pron. Broeck (brdbk)
themselves
call
Fr.
or
shoN'pol'lepron.
lo)
ko"N'Brome (broom)
bol'i-var')
da')
Dante (dan'te; It.
6n')
Bonaparte (bo'na- Brom'ley (bruin'li) kam'bel.
Condillac
pron.
Canova (ka-no'va) Charlemagne
(kos'dan'ta)
It. pron. Bronte (bron'te).
part;
(shar'le-man'
dee'yak' or koN'- Dan ton
Canrobert
(dan'tgn
(koN'Brough (bruf)
bo-na-paR'ta)
or dGN'toN')
Fr.pron. shaRl'del'yak')
Bonheur (bo'nuR') Brougham (broo'- ro'beR')
Coudorcet
(koN'- D'Arblay (dar'bla\
Cantemir, or Kanman')
am or broo'm.)
Borgbese (boR-ga'doR'sa')
Daubigne (do'ben'temir (kan'teh- Charlevoix (shar'Broughton (brow'a)
Confucius (kon-fu'leh-vwa'
or
ya')
[tgn)
meer or kan'teBorgia (bov'ja, or Bru-nel'
shaRl'vwji')
shi-Qs) (Chinese Dav'en-ant
meer')
Brunellescbi (brooboR'ja)
Kong-Fu-Tse',
Dav'en-port
Canute (ka-nuf). Chateaubriand
Borromeo (boR-RO- nel-les'kee)
Davila
koug-fo~ot-sa')
Syn. Knut.
(sha'to'bre'oN')
(da've-lji)
ma'o)
Brunet (br'u'na,')
(kong'- De Candolle (deh
(buk- Cn'pet (Fr. pron. Chatham
(chaf- Congreve
Bos-caw'en,
or Buchanan
gr^v)
kr_N/dol')
ka'pa')
often
am)
Bos'ca-wen
an'an
Capo d Istria (ka'- Chauncey (chan'sl Conybeare (ktin'i- Df-ca tur
mispronounced
Bossuet (bos'sii-a',
or chawn'si)
Del'a-no
ber)
almost bos'swu.')
ba-kan'an
po dis'tre-a), or
Capodistrias (ka- Cherubini (ka-roo- Copernicus
(ko- Delaroche
(d'la'Bossu(bo'sti) (Lat. Buffon (buf'fgn or

Bockh (bbk)
Bode (bo'dgh)

lee'ver

Call'cQtt

or

11

Bos'su-lus)

po-dis'tre-as)

b'uf'foN')

Bossut (bo'su')

Bulwer (bobl'wer)

Bo^'well
Both'well

Bunsen (bobn'sen)

Botzaris.

(bow'cher)
Boucher(Fr.)(boo'sha')

Boudiuot

rac'ta-cus)
(boochm)
Car'dan (Lat. Car- Childebert (chfl'deo'na-paR'ta)
bert
Syn. Bonaparte.
da'nus It. CarFr. pron.
Buonarotti (boo-o'dano, kaR'da'no)
shel'deh-beR')
;

Carew

Burger (bliR'ggr)
gaN'vel')
Burgoyne
Boulainvilliers
(bur(boo'laN've'ya')
goin')
(boor'- Burlamaqui (bliR'Bourbou
l'a'ma'ke')
bgn
Fr. pron.
,

Burleigh
(bfir'll).
Syn. Burghley.
Bourdaloue (booR'booR'boN')

Burnouf

da'loo')

(booR'-

doN')

Bourne (born)

(biiR'-

noof)
Bussy
d'Amboise
(bii'se'doN'bwaz')

Bourrienne (boo'reen')

Bouterwek

/^1
*-'

(boo'-

tgr-wek)
Bouvier
(Amer.)
Cab'ot

(boo-veer')

Bowditch

(bou'-

(It.

Caboto,

kii-bo'to)

Ca-do'gan

ditch)

Bowdoin (bo'dn)

Cad-waf'la-dgr

Bowles (boiz)

Cagliari

Bowring (bour'ing)

ree)

" (kal'ya-

Boy'dell
Cagliostro
(kalBoyer (bwa'ya')
yos'tro)
Cav'en-dish
Bozzaris, or Botza- Cairns (karnz)
Cavour (ka'vooR')

(bot'sa-ris Caius (keez)

Cecil (ses'il or sis'popularly
called Cal'a-my
il)
bQz-zar'is)
Calderon
(kal-da- Cellini
(chel-lee/ris

Brad'war-dine
ron')
written also Brad- Calhoun
wardin
hoon')

per'ni-kQs) (origrosh')
inally Copernic, Delolme (deh-lolm'
or d'lolm)
or Kopernic, kopeR'nik)
Demidov (d6m'eCoquerel (kok'rel')
dov'), or Dem-iCorday (kor'da')
dof.
Corneille
(kor'- Denham (den'gm)
nal' : Fr. pron. Denina (da-nee'na)
koR'nal' or koR'- Denis (dch-ne')

ChiT'der-ic
(Fr.
Childeric, (shel'nay")
da'rek')
almost kaR'HTn') Chil'per-ic (French Cornwallis (kornwol'lis)
Carlisle (kar-111')
Chilperic, shel'Carlyle (kar'lll or
Correggio
(korpa'rek')
kar-lil')
red'jo
Chisbolm
(chiz'Carmichael
(karCor'tez (Sp.
om)
CormT'kgl or kar'- Chlopicki (Klo-piftes, koR-tes')
mT-kel)
Cousin (koo'zaN')
skee)
Carteret
(kar'ter- Cholmondely
Cowley (kow'li)
Cowper (kow'per
et)
(chum'lif)
or koo'per)
Casaubon ((ka-saw'- Christophe (kresbon)
Crad'oek
tof)
Casimir
(kas'e- Cimabue (che-ma- Crash'aw
meer)
Crebillon (kra'be'boo'a)
Castaglione
(kas- Cinq Mars (sa.Nk'y8w')
tal-yo'nS),
Crichton (krl'ton)
or
maRs')
Castiglione (kas- Claude (Fr. pron. Cromwell (krtim'wel
or
tel-yo'na)
krom'klod)
Castlereagh (kSs'sl- Claverhouse (klav'wel)
ra')
er-tis
or klav'- Cunard (ku-nard')
Castren (kas-tran'
Cunha, da
ers)
(da,
or kas-trnn')
koon'ya)
Clotaire (klo'teR')
Caulaincourt (ko'- Clo-til'dn, or Clo- Cuvier (ku've-a' or
ku've-er)
laN'kooR')
tilde (klo'teld')
Cuvp, or
Cavaignac
Kuyp
(ka/- Clough (kluf)
(koip)
ven'yak')
Clo'vis

(generally
Burckhardt (burk'ka-roo')
Ger. pron. Carlen
hart
(boo'de(kaR-lan',
na-rot'tee)

bdbRk'hart)
not)
Bougainville (boo'- Biir-dett'

Bourdon

or

Buonaparte

[zaris.

Boz(Eng.)

See.

Boucher

bee'nee)

Caradoc
(ka-ra/- Ches'el-dgn
dok) (Lat. Ca- Cheyne ^cban

nee)
(kal- Cenci (chen'chee)

Centlivre

(sent'

dQ,wolf,to"o,tdbk; toijrue^ull; g,&,so/t; e,g,hard; a; exist;

Cochrane (kok'ran)
(ko'Cockburn
burn)
Cceur
Lion
de
(kur

(der'bi
dar'bi)

or

De Ruyter (dg

rl'-

tgr or roi'ter)

Derzhavin

"(deR-

zha'vin)
Descartes
kaRt')
Deshoulieres

(da'-

(da 7 -

zoo'le-f-R')

Desmoulins

(da'-

moo'laN')

Despreaux

(da'-

pra'c')

Dessaix (da'sa')
Dessalines (da'sa'len'

or

dfis'sa-

Km')

DeThou

(dgh too')
(Lat. Thu-a'nus)

Devereux

(dev'gr-

00)

Dewees (de-weez')

D'Ewes (duz)
De Wette
(deh

wet'tgh)
Diderot (ded'ro' or
de'deh-ro')
Didot (de'do')
Diez (deets)
(dSg'o'- Diodati
(de-o-da'-

D.

ll'gn
de
Fr. pron.
kuR Dagobert
bert or
de le'oN')
Coke(kdbk or kok) beR')

n as ng;

Derby

Derham (der'am)

da'go-

tee)

Disraeli

[ee)

(diz-ra'gl-

this, '&,o,xi,e,],n,B i-W)B V Q U ) S.ji(,R,v (seep.

}
i }

502X

MODERN BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

516

Foix (fwa)
Dbderlein, or Doe- Epinay a/pe'na')
derlein (db'der- Erasmus
(eraz'- Fontaine (r on-tan';
mus)
Fr. pron. itm'lln')
[nel')
(eR-theel'ten')
Dolomieu
(do'lo'- Ercilla
[ya) Fontanelle (ron'taEric (er'ik)
me-uh')
(ion(er'ik- Fontenelle
Domenichino (do- Ericsson
French
tgh-uel'
ma-ne-kee'no)
sQn)
pron. ioNt'nel')
Donizetti
(don'e- Erskine (ers'kin)
(es'taN'), Forbes
(Eng.)
zet'tee or do-nid- Estaing
or
d'Estaing
(iorbz)
[bgz)
zet'tee)
Forbes (Scot.) (tor'(des't&N')
Don'o-van
(Eng.) Este (es'te or es'ta) Forcellini
^forDouce ~
Esterhazy, or Eszchel-lee'nee)
(dowss)
terhazy
(es'ter- Fordyce (foi-dls')
Douglas (dug'lnss)
or FoerForster,
Douw pronounced ha'ze)
and sometimes Estienne (a'te-enn') ster (ioR'ster)
(yoo'lgr Forsyth (for-sith')
Euler
written Dow.
Ger. pron. oi'ler) Fortescue (ior'tesDucange (du-kanj';
ku)
French pron. da' Ewart (yoo'art)
Fosbroke
(fos'Ewing (yoo'iug)
koNzh')
;

Duchesne

(d'u'-

Eyre

brobk

(ar)

shan')
Duclos (dd'klo')
Dudevant (dd'dghddd/ von' or

Foscari (fos'ka-ree)
Foscolo (f'os'ko-lo)
Fothergill
(ioth'-

Galignani
ya'nee)
It.

Gronov (gro'nov).
bert)
or Gro-no'vl-us
Gilchrist (gil'krlst) Groot (grot)

(gii-len- Gilbert (Eng.) (gil-

Galileo (gal'i-lee'o

pron.

ga-le- Gil-fll'lan
Gillespie (gfl-l&'pi)

Wo)
(gawl
Gall
pron. gal)
Gal'la-tin
Gal'lau-det'
Gait (gawlt)

Ger. Gil'pin
Giotto (jot'to)

Girard

(Am.)

Galvani
nee)

Garcia

(Sp.) (gaR-

Garcias (gaR-thee / as)

Garcilasso (or Gar-

de la Vega (gaR-the-las'-

cilaso)

so, or gar-se-laVso, da la va'ga)

Gardiner (gard'ner)
Garibaldi

(gar~-T-

(grC-

vgn-g-r)

Grotius(gro / shi-Qs)

Grouchy (groo'she'j
(jg-

rard')
Girard (Fr.) (zhe'(gal-va'raR')
'

Grosvenor

Guarini

(gwa-ree'-

nee)

Guelph (gwelf)

(It.

Guelfo, gwel'fo)
Girardin (zhe'raR 7 - Guercino
(gweRchee'no)
_ daN')
Glg'bgrne
Guericke
(ger'ikGiulio Romano
ka or ga'rik-kgh)
(joo'le-o ro-maV- Guicciardini (gwetno)
chaR-dee'nee)
Glauber (glaw'bgr Guido Reni (gwee'or glou'ber)
do ra'nee)
Gleig (glegf
Guise (gwez)
Glendower (glen'- Guizot
(gwe'zo'
dou-gr)
or ge'zo')
Glover (gluVer)
Gdnther (gun'tgr)

ga-re- Gluck (glol)k)

Gutenberg
(goo'Gliick
(gldk, altgn-bgRG'orgoo'Gasmost gllk)
tgn-beRG)
(fow'lis;
coigne (gas-koin') Gobelin
Foulis
(gob'gh- Guthrie (guth/ri)
Dufresnoy
(dij / - Fabre (fabr)
Fabyan, or Fabian Scot. pron. fowlz) Gasparin (gas'palin Frenchpron. Guyon
fra'nwa')
(gl'gn or
( fa'bi-an
Foulques (fook)
rin or gas / pa / raN')
gob'laN')
Dumas (dij'ma')
ge'oN'J
Go-dol'phin
Dumont (dd'moN') Facciolati (tat-cho- Fouque (foo'ka'). Gauss (gowss)
Guyot (ge'o')

F.

er-gil)

Fouche(foo'sha')

von')

bal'di or
bal'dee)

Gascoygne,

"or

Dun-bar'
Duncan (dunk'an)

ciolato

Dundas (dan-das')

la'to,

la'tee

or

Fac-

(i'at-cho-

See La
Fouque.

Motte- Gay-Lussac

Fouquier-Tinville

Dunglison (dting'- Fahrenheit (far'gnhlt

Ger. pron.
gll-SQn)

(foo'ke-a'tas'-

(ga'- Goethe.

See Gbthe.
Goldoni
(gol-do 7 nee)
Goldschmidt (golfshmit)
Gomez (go'meth)
Hafiz (ha'fiz)

lds'sak')
(Jed

H.

Ged'des

Gelee fzh'la)
vel'j
(dura'rgn-hit/)
Fourcroy
( fooR'Gell (jel)
Fr. Fairbairn
Genet (jgh-net 7 or Gonzaga (gon-za'- Hahnemann (ha/,
(far'krwa')
pon'so
barn)
Fourier (foo're-er;
zh'nti)
ga)
neh-man
pron. dd'poN'so')
Dupont (Am.) (du- Falconer (fawk'ngr Fr. pron. foo'- Gengis Khan, or Gonzalo (gon-tha/- Hak'luyt written
or faw'kgn-gr)
Jengis_
Khan lo). Syn. Gon- also Hackluyt.
pont')
re-a')
(jeng'gis kan or
salvo.
(franHal'ket
Scot,
Dupont (Fr.) (dd'- Falieri(fa-le-;i'ree) Francesca
(
Falkland
(fawk'kan)
Gonzalez (gon-za/pron. h&k'et)
ches'ka)
poN')
(South Genlis (zhoN'le')
les or gon-tha 7 - Ha-lo'ran
Francia
Duquesne ( du'kan') land)
Am.) (fran'se-a) Genseric (jen'sgr- leth)
Han'dgl
Durand (Arn.) (du- Faneuil (itin'il)
(Ger.
ik)
^froN'Gbrgei, or Gorgey
Handel, hen'dgl)
rand')
[roN'J Faraday (lar'a-da) Francois
Geoffroy
(Eng.)
Ger. Haps'btirg
(goR'ga;
Durand (Fr.) (dd'- Farnese far-neez'
swa')
(Ger.
It. pron. far-na'- Fraunhofer
(jeffri)
pron. gb'r'Gi)
Hapsburg, haps 7 Ddrer (du'rgr or
Gerando
(zhgh- Gorges (gor'jez)
sa)
(frown'ho-fgr)
booRG)
dd'rgr)
or
or
(far'- Freiligrath
roN'do'
ja- Gortchakov,
Duyckinck
(dl'- Farquhar
(frl'leHarcourt
(Eng.j
kwar or far'kar)
ran'do)
Gortschakow
(har'kurt)
kink)
grat')
Gerard (Eng.) (jer 7(gor'cha-kof)
Hardicanute (har y Dyche (dich. or Fatima (la'te-ma or Frelinghuysen
written also
fat'e-ma)
ard)
(free'ling-hi'zgn)
de-ka-nut')
ditch)
Gortchakoff.
Faust
(fowst
or Fremont, or Fre- Gerry (ger'ri)
Hardinge
(har'fawst)
[chee)
mont (Am.) (fre- Gerson (Fr.)(zheR' Gbthe, or Goethe ding)
Federici (fa-da-ree'(go'tgh)
Hardouin
son')
(aR'mont')
Fenelon
(i'en'gh- Fresnel frS / nel')
Gerson
(Ger.) Gough (gof)
dwaN')
Fr. pron. Freund ifroint)
geR'son)
lgn
Gould (goold)
Haroun-al - RaschGervaise
(zhgR'- Gower (gow'er and
(ha-roon^lEccles (gk'glz)
fan'loN' or ia'- Freytag (frl'taG)
id
vaz')
gor)
rtlsh/id) more corEchard (English) nch-loN')
Frob'ish-er
rectly,
Harunf a-o'dor, Froila(fro'i-la)
Gesenius (gg-see'- Graeme (gram)
(etch'ard). Syn. Feodor
almost fyo'dor) Froissart
ni-us Ger. pron. Grammont (gram'(or Haroun-) erEachard.
(frois'ga-za'ne-dbs)
Egerton (ej'er-tQn) Fichte (i'iK/teh)
moN')
Rashid
(ha'sart'
Fr. pron.
Elgin (el'gin)
Granger
(Eng.)
roon'eR-RaFingal (i'lng'gal or
Gesner (.a^ngr)
frwa/saR')
(gran'jgr)
Ellesmere
(elz'fing-gawl')
Gessler (iiess'lgr)
Froude (frood)
Firdousi, or Fir- Fulton (ftfbl'ton)
Ghirlandajo
Hauser (how'zgr)
/ meer)
( ger- Grau (grou)
Hauy (ha' we')
Elmes (elmz)
dausi (fir-dow'- Fuseli
lan-da'yo); writ- Greaves (greevz)
(fu'se-11)
Havelock (hav'gkElphinstone
less correctten also Ghirlan- Greenough
(el'see)
(Ger. Swiss Fues(green'o)
fin-stgn
15k)
ly, Firdusi.
daio.
sU, fiiss'lee)
Gresh'am
Haydn
(ha'dn ;
Elzevir (el'zeh-vir) Firmin (Fr. (feVGib/bgn
Ger. pron. hi'da^
Encke (enk'gh) "
Greville, or Grevile
Gibb^
m&N')
(grev'il)
Haynau (hl'now)
Enghien
(oN'ge- Fleury (fluh're or
Gib'sQn
(giffgrd Griesbach (grees'- Hearne (hSrn)
3n')
fluh're')
Gifford
;

Duponceau
;

E.

'

G.

Eon, Beaumont

d'

(bo'nioN'da'oN')

Epes(eps)

and jif^rd)

Flotow

(flo'to)
Flii'gel, or Fluegel

(flu/gel)

Gainsborough
(gans/b'rg)

Gignoux
yoo')

baK)
dee) Heb'er-dgn
(zhen/- Grimaldi (gre-mal'- Heeren (ha^rgn)
Hegel (ha'ggl)
Grisi (gree'see)

,8cc.,long;a,efi,less prolonged i a,6,&c.,sAort;a,g,i,g,o65CMre;care,far,ask,^,what]erejVgU 3t5rm;pique,ffrm;s6n,6ii

MODERN BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

Heine (hl'ngh)
HeiDsius

Kuyp

"

(hln'se-

(koip).

Cuyp.

Sueur
Syn. Le
swur)

Leuwenhoek

us)

Heintzelman

en-hook; Dutch
lo'wen-

Jacobi (ya-ko'bee)

pron.

(hlnt'sgl-man)
Jamieson
(j&m'eHelvetius (hef-vee/ sg-n or ja'nii-sg-n)

4^*

Jasmin (zhas'miiN')
Hern'anj;
Jean Paul (zhoN La
Bruyere
Hengist (heng'gist)
brd'yeR')
powl
or
jeen
Hengstenberg
pawl).
Syn. Lacepede
(la'

(la Leverrier (lgh-ver'-

ri-er or leh-va're"

Vf

Levisac (lS've-zak')

Lewes

or

Mah-

rin)

(mah'- Maunder

(mawn'-

dgr)

Mahomet

Leaver

(heng'sten-beRG')
Richter.
peel')
Herbelot
(eRb'lo' Jellachich (yel'la- Lacroix (la'krwa')
(iad'isor eR'bgh-lo')
Ladislas
KiK)
written also
Herder (her'dgr or Joan of Arc (Fr.
\as)
Lad'is-la'us.
heR'dgr)
Jeanne
d'Arc,
Her'i-ot
zhan daRk')
La Fayette, or La(la/faHerrera(eR-Ra'ra) Joinville
(join'vil
fayette
et')
Herschel (her'shel)
or zhwSN'vel')

Mahmud,
moud
mood')

hdbk)

shl-us)

517

Port .Magalhaens, Matthisson

(mafma-gal-ya'eNs)
tfs-son)
(loo'- Maginn (ma-gin 7 )
Maturin (mSt'yoo(leh

hammed.

Mah on

(lu'is)

L'Hopital,
Hospital

(ma- Maupertuis (mo'

honi'et
ma/hopGR'twe')
ma'ho- Maurepas moR'pa'}
met,
met).
See Mo- Maury (Am.)
(maw'rl
mur'ri)

(ina-hoon'

and
[re')

ma-hon')
Maury (Fr.) (mo'Maimonides
(mi- Mazarin
(maz'a-

or L
(lo'pe

or

mon'g-dez)
Fr. pron.
reen'
tal')
Maintenon (mSivt'ma'za'raN')
noN' or man'tg- Mazzini (mat-see'Lieber (lee'bgr)
(lee'big
non)
Liebig
nee orm'a-zee'nee)
"
Ger. pron lee'- Mainwaring (man'- Meagher (ma'gr)
Hewes (huz)
Jomini
(zho'me'- Laffitte (laf'fif or
ner-ing)
la'jfet')
biG)
Medici (med'e-'ebee)
Heylin (ha'lin)
ne')
(ma-la- Medicis (ma'de'sess'
Heyne (hi'ngh)
Fontaine
(la Lingard (ling'gard) Malagrida
Jouffroy
(zhoof'-La
gree'da)
frwa')
fon'tan'
Fr. Linne (lin-na', alor med'e-sis)
Heyse (hi'zgh)
[daw')
lin-uii7 Malcolm (mftl'kgm) Mehemet Ali (maHeywood " (ha'- Jourdain (zhocR'- pron. la/foN'ten') most
(Lat.
Linnseus, Malebranche (mSl'wdbd)
Jourdan
(zhoor'- Laing (lang)
hem'et a'lee) bete-branch'
or
Lally-Tollendal
lm-nee'Qs)
ter
Mohammed
Hogarth (ho'garth)
doN')
mal'brossh')
(lal'lee' tol'loN'- Linuell (lin'nel)
Holbein (hol'bln) Jowett (jo'et)
Ali.
Malesherbes (mal'- Meigs (mPgz)
Liszt (list)
Holinshed, or Hoi- Juarez
(Hoo-a'res
dal')
zeRb')
or Hwa'reth)
Lamartine
Melanchthon (melynshed (hol'inz(la'- Lloyd (loid)
less
(ma'lehed)
map/ten')
Lope de Vega (lo'pa Malibran
lank'thon)
Jullien(zhiil'le-aM'
broN Anglicized
Holmes (homz)
almost
da va'ga)
correctly Melanczhul'- Lamballe (loN'bal')
La Mennais, or Lothaire (lo-ther' m&l'T-br&n).
thon.
Hoogeven (ho'GayaN')
or lo-teR')
Malone (ma-lon') Menage (ma'nazb')
ven)
Junot (zh'd'no')
Lamennais (la'(jus'su'
Loudon (lou'don) Malpighi (mal-pee'- Mendelssohn (men'Houdon (oo'doN') Jussieu
ma'na')
Fr. pron. zhu'- La Motte-Fouque Louis (loo'is; Fr.
gee)
Houghton (ho'tg-n)
del-son)
pron. ioo'e')
Malte Brun (mawlt Mendoza (men-do'Houston (popularly sc-oh')
(la mot-foo'ka')
ferouse
pronounced lau'(la Louverture
(loo'Sp. pron.
La
brQn' or rualt'gza,
stgn)
pa'rooz')
veR'tuR').
Syn.
brHN')
men-do'tha)
Hovey (huv'i)
Laplace (la'plass')
Toussaint.
Mantell (man'tl)
"IT"
Metastasio (met/ aHuber (hoo'ber)
LaRoche-jaquelein, Lowth (louth)
Manutius fma-nu'sta'se-o or ma;

Liddell (Hd'dgl)

'

"

Huger

(Am. J

or

(u-

Kant

(kant

La

Roche- Loyola

(loi-o'la or

she-tis) (It.

Man-

ta-sta'se-o)

jacquelin
(la
lo-yo'la)
(met'uzio,
ma-noot'- Metternich
Lubin (Fr.) /I'd'rosh'zhak'ISN')
se-o;
[nee)
ter-nlk or met'(kan'teCasas
(las
ka'Las
L^f ord
[b^n') Manzoni toan-zo'terniK)
(un'- Kantemir
beR')
meer). Syn. Cansas)
Marat (ma'ra')
Meyer (mi'er)
Humboldt (hum'- temir.
Las Cases (las kaz)
TV/T
Marie- Antoinette
Meyerbeer (ml'er-"
-l J-*
bolt: Ger. pron. Kavanagh (kav'a- La'tham
(ma're' oK'twa'baR')
or
kav'a- Latour (la'tooR')
hdbm'bolt)
na'
net')
Meyrick (mer'ik)
Hus'kis-sgn
naa')
Lavater (la-va'ter Macaulay
(ma- Marie Louise (ma'- Michaelis
(me-kaKearney (kar'nl)
or la'va'teR')
Huss,o?-Hus
kaw'li)
loo'ez')
a'lis)
(hiiss Ger. pron. Keble (keb'l)
Lavoisier (la/vwa/- Macchiavelli (mak- Marion
(Am.) Michelet ( mesh'la'l
Keightly (kh/lee)
ke-a-vel'lee).
hdbss)
ze-a')
(mar'e-on)
Mignet (men'ya')
(kiR'Kgr Layard (la'ard)
Syn. Machiavel Marlborough
Huj'ghens (hi'ggnz Kircher
Mil'lin-ggn
"
or hoi'ggnz)
or klr'ker)
Le Clerc, "or Le- (m&k'i-a-velj
(mawl'b'ro)
Milne (Scot.) (mil)
Hyder All (hl'dgr Kisfaludy (kish'fo- clerc (leh-kleR') MacCulloch
(ma- Marlowe (mar'lo) Milne (Eng.j(miln)
a'lee)
loo'di,
aim os t Legare
(Amer.)
kul'ltih)
sometimes written Milnes (milz)
kish-fo-loodj'
(leh-gree')
Macllvaine (mSk'U- Marlow.
Miloradovitch (me"
( nel'lgr
Kneller
Legendre
(lghvan')
Marryatt
lo-ra'do-vitch)
(mSr'rlGer. pron. knel'zhfiNd'r' or Igh- Mackay
written also Milo(ma-ka'
at)
*-'
lgr)
jen'dgr)
and ma-ki')~
Martel (maR'tel')
radowitz.
Knolles
(nolz) Leibnitz, or Leib- Mack'in-tosh
Martineau
(Eng. ) Minie (me'ne-a')
written
also
Ibrahim
(ib-bra'niz (lip'nits)
Mack'lin
(mar'tT-no)
Mirabeau
(mir'aKnollys (nolz)
heem) (Pasha)
Leigh (lee)
Mac-lau'rin
Masaniello (ma-sabo' or me'ra'bo')
Inchbald
(inch'- Knowles (nolz)
Leighton (la'tgn)
Maclean (mak-lan')
ne-el'lo)
(meMirandola
bald)
Koch (koK)
"
(lem'- Macleod
Lempriere
ran'do-la)
(
S" Maskelyne (mas'kg"
Inez (ee'n&z) (queen Korner, or Koer
or
lem^
pri-er
klpwd')
Hn)
Mo-h5m'med
ner (kbR'ngr)
of Portugal)
preer'
Maclin (ma-klin') Mas'sn-soit'
(Arab. pron. moIn'ge-low
Kosciusko (kos-si- Lenclos, or L'En- Maclise (ma-kleez') Massena (ma's-sa/
ham'med. ) Often,
Ireton (Ir'tgn)
fis'ko)
Macomb
(maclos (ISN'klo')
Fr. pron.
but less correctly,
Iriarte
(e-re-aR'- Kossuth
(kosh'- Le Sage, or Lesage
komb')
ma'sa'na')
written Mahomet
ta).
Syn. Yrishoot')
Macready
(leh-siizh')
(ma- Massillon (maVsil- Moir (moi'er)
arte.
Kotzebue (kot'sgh- Lespinasse, or L'Es
kree'dl)
Ion or mas'se'- Mole (mo'la')
Iturbide (e-tooR'bu
Ger. pron.
pinasse (les'pe' Mad'oc
yoN')
Moliere (mo'le-eR')
be-da)
kot'seh-boo)
Magellan (ma-jel'- Massin ger (mSs'sin- Molina imo-lee'na)
nass')
Ivan (Russ.)
(les
Krummacher
Ian;
Sp. pron.
L'Estrange
jer)
Molyneux (mol'ju
(e-van')
(krdfem'maK-gr)
ma-Hel-yan'
tranj')
Mather (mSth'gr)
nooks')
jee')

Hughes (huz
Humbert

or

kant)

'

dQ,wQlf,t6"t>,t6~bk; toijrijejpijll

Q,g,soft;

v,g,hard; a; epst; n as ng; this;

5,b',u,t"e,I 3 5,,w^,D,G,H,K,N,R,u(seep.

5Q2>

MODERN BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

518

(pa-ga- Pompadour (pom/nee'nee)

pa-dobR' or-poWsa/bib)_
pa/dJbR')
Paget (pflj/gt)
Napier (mVpe-gr)
Ger. Paixhans
(plks'- Ponce
Leon
Monstrelet (moNS'- Ne-an'dgr
de
[gu)
pron. nS-atPderj
hanz or peks'oN')
(pon'tha da latrgh-la')
^
Montague (mon'ta- Neck'er (Fr. pron. Palafox
(p31'aon')
Sp. pron. Poniatowski (po-nenek"kGR')
foks'
Montaigne (m6n~'pa-la-fuiP)
Fr. pron. Nemours
(ngha-tov'ske)
tan'
Palestrina (pii-les- Pontchartrain
moN'tari')
mooR 7
tree'na)
Blontalembert
(puN'sbaR'traN')
Nesselrode (nes'sclPopbam (pop'am)
(moN'tiPloN'beR')
PaPgrave
ro'dgh)
Palmerston (piinP- Porteus (por'te-tis)
Montcalm
(mont- Ney (mi)

Monroe

Nana Sahib

(mon-

Moncreiff
kreeP)

(na/nii Paganini

(mojn-ro')

Rambouillet (roN'-

S.

boo'yo')

Ranke (rank'eh)
Raphael

See Sadi.
Sabine (sab'Tn)
or Sacheverell
(sara/paN)
chev'gr-el)
Ravaillac
(rX'\&Y- Sachs (saks)
yak' or ra/vah/- Saiutine (saN'tun')
yak')
Saint-John (senfor Saadi.

(ru'lfa-el

raf'fa-gl)

Rapin

(rap'Tn

Reaumur

(ra'o'-

jon or sln'jen)

miiR' or ro'inur) Saint Leger (siPlm-

gr-stou)
Potemkin (po-tem'- Regiomontanus
kanP Fr. pron. Niebuhr (nee'boor)
Panizzi (pii-nit'see)
muN'kam')
kin; Russ. pron.
(re'je-o-mon-ta'- Saint-Pierre
Niepce (ne-6ps)
;

Scotch
Noailles (no'aP or Piln'mure
pron. pan-miir')
no'ay'')
written also Nodier (na/de-fP)
Paoli ( piPo-lee or
lee)
pow'lee)
[no')
Montecuculi.
Nohden, or NoehPapineau
(pa/pe'Montespan (mon'den (nb'dgn)
Fr. Nos'tra-da'mus iFr. Par'a-cePsBs
tes-pan'
pron.
moVteV- Notre-dame, notr'- Pardoe(par / do)
Parmigiano
(paRpoN')
dtinP)
or
Montesquieu
me-ja'no ),
Novalis (no-v'.i'lis).

Montecuccoli.

(mon'ta-kdbk'ko;

(mon'tgs-kiP
Fr. pron. motPtes'ke-uh')
Montgolfier (mJjN'goPfe-a' or montgoPi'i-gr)

Montgomery (Eng.)
(mont-gum'gr-i)
(moN'-

Montholou
to'loN')

[roz')

Montrose
Montucci

(moutimon-

toot'chee^

Moore (Eng.) (mor)

Moratin (mo-ra-

Syn. Hardenberg.

nus)

peer

Rembrandt

(renP-

(sentsaN'pe-

Dutch Saint-Simon (sentbraut

pron. renPbriint)
si'mou orsaN'se';

Renan (reh-noN 7 )

moK')

Preble (prfiVl)
Ren'nell
Saladin (saPa-dm)
Prichard (pritch'- Reynolds (ren'oldz)
(Arab. Salah-edard)
Ricasoli
I)in
(sa-liUPed(re-ka/fio-

deen')
Prideaux
(prid'o
lee)
Riccio (ret'cho)
Salmasius (sal-ma'and prid'tix)
Syn.
Priessnitz (preess 7 - R>chelieu (resh'ehzhT-ds).
Fr. pron.
Saumaise.
nits)
loo
Fr. Proudhon
resh'le-uh')
(proo 7 SanPo-set
;

Pascaf (pjis'kal
pron. pas'kaP)
;

(riK'ter). Sand
Richter
(silnd,
or
Passovv (pas'85)
son)
Trud'hon
Syn. Jean Paul.
(pr'-i 7 (re-en'zee), San'dys (or sandz)
Rienzi
Oberlin (o'bgr-lin); Pearce and PSarce
d03i')
or Rienzo (re-en / - Saumarez
(saw'Fr. pron. o'beR'- Pear'son and PEar'- Psalnianazar (saP[nel)
son
ma-na'znr)
zo)
ma-rez)
IXn')
(Amer.) Saunderson (sjin/O'Connell (o-kon'- Pellico (pePle-ko)
Piif'fen-dorf (Ger. Rives
CEcolampadius (ek'- Pepin (p&pln or
(reevz)
der-spm)
Pufendorf, poo 7 pip'in Fr. pron.
(saw'Tin;
o-lam-pa'dl-us)
Rizzio (ret'se-o or Saurin
fen-doRf)
Fr.pron. so'raN')
pgh-paN')
Ogilby (o'g'l-bi)
Pughe (pu)
rlt'se-o
(so'fiQr'
Ogilvie (o'g'l-vl)
Pepys (peps)
Robespierre (ro'bes- Saussure
Pugin (pti/jm)
or so's'ur')
Oglethorp
(o'g'l- Pereira (pe-ree'ra
peer' or rob'gBPulaski
("pu-las/Savary (siPva/re')
Port. pron. pakee
Pol. pron.
pe-SE')
.. thorp)
Ohlenschlager,
or
ra'e-ra)
Rochambeau (ro'- Savigny (sa'ven/poo-laVkee)
Oehlenschlager
Persigny fpgr-seiP- Pulci (pooPchee)
shoN'bo')
ye')
Savile,
or Saville
(b'lgn-shhVggr)
ye orpefPsen'ye') Pulteney (pult/ni) Rochefoucauld
(rosh'foo-ko'
or (sav^l)
(oPdis
or Pestalozzi (pes-ta- Pusey (pu'zl)
Oldvs
Savonarola (sa-voroslpfoo'ko')
oidz)
lot'see)
ro'zha or
na-ro'la)
Ohnstead (unPsted Petrarch
Roget
( pee'or onPstgd)
ro'zha')
Scaliger (skaPI-jer)
trark) (It. PetrarRollin(roPlin; Fr. Scarron (ska'roN')
O'Meara (o-mee'ra
ca, pa-traR'k'a)
pron. roPlas')
Schamyl (sha'mil).
Irish
pron.
o- Pfeiffer (Ger.)(p'nP(Eng.)
Syn. Shamyl.
Rouiilly
ma'ra)
i'er)
Quarles (kwarlz)
Scheffer (shePfer ;
Onkelos onk'g-los)
Pharamond (fitr'a- Quatremere (kat'r'- (rom/H-i)
"

doN')

teen')

Moray (mur'rl)
Moreau (mo'ro')
Morel (mo'reP)
Morell (mo-relP)
Morrell
(Am.)
(mor'rel)

Morton
Mos'by

Q.

Mosheim (mos'hlm)
Motteux

(rnot-too')

Moultrie (moo'fcrl)

mond or i'a/r'J/- nuR')

Quevedo (ka-va'Do)
moN')
Ger. pron. mot'- Os'bal-dis'tQne
Piccolomini
(plk- Quinault (ke'no')
sart)
Ossian (osh'an)
ko-lom'e-nee)
Quincy (kwin'si or
Mudie (mu'&i; Scot. Ossoli (os'so^lee)
kwIn'zT)
Pichegru
(peslPpron. moo'di)
Oudinot (oo'de'no')
Quinet (ke'na,')
grlP)
M'uller (rotiPler, al- Oughtred (ot'rgd)
Pierce
(peerss
or
most mll'lgr) [I) Ousely (oozlT)"
perss)
Mulready imQPred- Overweg
(o'vor- Piozzi (pe-ot'see or
Mow'att
Orsay (or-sa/)
Mozart (mo-zart'; Orsini (oR-see'nee)

Miinchhausen
(mun-chaw'sen

waG)

pe-oz'zi)

Ronge (rong^h)
Ronsard (roK'saR')
Rosecranz
krants)
Rosenmuller

(roz'-

Scheller (shePler)

most ro'zen-miP-

Schiller (shipfer)

Igr)

Schimmelpennink

Rothschild
chTld

(ros'-

Ger. pron.

cha'ko)

"M"
-

L~

Paesiello

p'a-a-se-

Po'ca-hon'tas
Po'cocke

or

el'lo), or Paisiello

Nadir Shah (na/dir

Poin-sett'
(pa-e-se-ePlo, ai- Polk (polk or pok)
??zo.spT-ze-ePlo)

Pombal (pom-baP)

French

Schenck (skenk)

Plevel (pU'el),
Pleyl (pill)

pron.
;

sheffeV)

al-

Pacheco (Sp.) (pa-

Dutch
SKePfer

(ro'- Schelling (shePling)

zen-miiPler),

Oxenstiern (oks'en- Piper (Sw.) (pee'rot'shilt)

Ger. pron munKRtenP)(Sw.Oxen- per in Eng. pV- Rabelais
(ra'beh- Roubillac (nx/bePhow'zgn)
stierna,
oks'gnper)
Wor r'dh'W) r
yak' or roo'be'Murat (mtPra/ or ste-eR'na)
Pizarro ( pe-zar'ro Rachel (Fr.) (r$/- j'ak') written also
mu-rat /
Roubilliac
and
Sp.
pron.
sheP)
peMui'illo (moo-reePRacine (ra'sen' or Roubiliac.
thaR^o)
yo or mQ-riPlo)
Plantagenet (plSnras-seen'
Rousseau (roo'so')
P.
Mylne (miln)
taj'e-net)
Radetzky (ra-de'ts 7 - Routledge (rKt'lij)

shah)

or

Gr')

Parmegiano
(paR-ma-jPno)
Par'nell

0.

pSt-yom'kin)
Poussin (poo'saN')
Powell (pou'el)
Pow'hat-tan'
Praed fprid)

(shinPmel-pen'nlnk)

(shWgel
Schlegel
orshla'Gel)
Schleiermacher
(shlPer-maK'er)
Schlosser

(shlos'-

sgr)

Schmidt (shmit)
Schuyler (skPler)

Rowe

(ro)
Sooresby (skorz/bl)
Scongal (skoo'gal)
(rou'll)
Raffaelle (raf-fa-eP- Riickert (r'uk'kert, Scribe (skreb)
la) Syn. Raphael.
almost rlk'kert) Scuderi, or Scudery
(raw']]) Rutgers (rut'gers)
(Fr.) (skiPdtPre')
Raleigh
(sawritten
also Rutherford (ruth'- Sepulveda

kee)

Raeburn (ra'bern)

Ralegh.

Rowley

er-ford)

a,e,&c. ,long; a,e,o, less prolonged; a,e,&c, short; a,e,i,o,obscure; care,far,ask,all,what

pooPva-dii)

ere,veil,t5rm; pique,f!rm,s6n,6r,

MODERN BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

(Sp. Steuben (German)
Ser-ve/tQs
(stoi'ben)
"Servedo, seR-va/or
Stockhardt,
do)
Stoeckhardt
SevignS (sa-veen'ya
{ stok'haRt)
or sa'ven'y a')
Storace (sto-ra/cha,
Seward (su'ard)
or stor'ass)
Seymour (seVmer)
Storrs (storz)
Sforza (sfoRt/saf
3hakes'p5are writ- Stowell (sto'el)
Shak- Strahan
"and
ten also

and Shak-

(thak'-

(tro'-

Strachan

Voss (Ger.)

(sha/mil). Straparola(stra-pa- Thierry (te-er'ri or

te-a'ree')
roOa), or Strap'aSyn. Schamyl.
" Thiers (te-efi')
r51e
Sheil (sheel)
Tholuck
(to'ldbk)
Strauss
(strouss)
(sWSidmouth

Fr. Wordsworth

(foss)

lif,

and Wickliffe.

Wyntoun (win'ton

or win'toyn)

''*
Uberti (oo-beR'tee)
Thorn (torn)
Thoresby (thorz'bi) Ugolino(oo-go-lee / W&chter (waK'tgR)
no)
Thorwaldsen (tor'wald-sgn or toR'- TJhland (ooaiint or Waldemar ^woFdemar or wal'dehyoo'land)
vald-sen)
man'). Syn. Solimar)
Thouvenel (tooV- TJlfilas, or Ulphilas
man.

Stuyresant

(sti'vg-

Wythe (with

(sy'is-

mund)

(sig'or- Sully

(stil'lT;

Upham

Tieck (teek)

Dowlah Tighe

Wallenstein

(ul'ii-las)

nel')

Fr.

pron. su' ye/)

nl)

Sismondi(sTs-mon'-Surajah

(up'am)

It.

zv

pron. ses-

Lang

or

LSng

"Timur

e.,

(i.

Van Buren

the

bu'ren)

stin')

Ximenes (zi-mee'nez;_Sp. pron.

He-ma'nes)

War'bur-tgn
Wargentin (war'gen-teen)

Warham

(wor'am)

"Y7"
-1-

Washington

(-di-gam)

Lame,") whence Vanbrugh

(zav'i-gr

Sp. pron. Ha-ve>

sing-am)

Persians Timur-

Xavier
aR')

wal'lgn-

Walsingham (woF-

mon'dee)

Sobieski (so-be-eV- Swe'den-borg^ Sw.

swS'denpron.
kee)
written
boRG);
Socinus (so-si'nQs)
(It. Sozzini, sotalso Svedenborg.

(wol'-

len-stm German
pron.

Urquhart (urk'art)
(tey v - Uwins (yoo'inz)

(tl)

(siir-a/jah-dow/- Tillemont
moN')
lah)
Suwarrow (soo-or'- Tilly (til'le; Fr.
Slidell (slT-del')
pron. te'ye')
TT
Sturluson
written also
Snorri
ro)
v
(snor'ree stoor'Souvoroff or Su- Timur, or Timour
(tee'moor')(Kuss.
lcJb-sQn)
worow
Called
by
the
Yal-lan'di-gham
pron. soo-vo'rof)
Soane (son)
;

"V"
-

'

Sigourney

di

th as

in thin)

[su)
sant)
Sieyes (se-eV, seSue" (su; Fr. pron.
a', or se-a'ya')
(soo-la(see/gel)
Suleyman
Sigel

Sigismund"

(wdbs'-

ter)

(vol'nl

pron. vol'na.')
(wurdz'wGrth)
French pron. tii'gr-ri)
Voltaire (vol-ter' or Wouverman( wow'renn')
Thalberg (tal'beRG)
voPteR').
Syn.
vgr-miin)
Theobald (thee'o- Turgot (toor'go' or
Wraxall (raks'al or
Arouet.
tiiR/go')
bawld or tib'-

Shamyl

muth)

(vlad'e- Worcester

Vladimir

mer)
brij)
Turenne (tu'renn' Volney

Tur pin (tQr'pin or Vortigem (vor'te- raks'al)

ggrn)
Wycherley (witch'tuR'p&N')
er-lT)
Thevenot (tav'no') Tyrwhitt (teVit or Voss (Dutch) (toss)
(Lat.
Vossius, Wycliffe (wTk'Hf);
ter'wit)
(te'Thftaudeau
v5sh'i-s)
also Wyclif, Wicbo'do')

(strawn)

spere.

Thackeray

bald)
Thesigerfthcsl-jer)

speare

Trowbridge

Ten'ter-dgn

Thaarup (Wrup)

519

(van
(van'-

Tamerlane.

(w6sh'ing-to,n)
Yonge (yung)
Watteau (yat'to') Youatt (yoo'at)
Weber (wa'ber or Youmans
(yoo'wa'bgr)
mgnz)

broo)
(van- Wellesley (welz'lT) Yriarte (e-re-aR'ta)
Wemys (weemz or Syn. Iriarte^
koo'vgr)
wimz)
(vau-dTk')
Sahib
Vandyke
Ysabeau (e'za'bo')
Tippoo
(tTp/son'tiiG)
(Dutch Vandyck, Werner (wer'ner or
rn
po sa/hib almost
Sotheby (sutb/g-bl)
^'
weR'ner)
or
Vandjik,
vansa/ib)
Soule (sol)
Whalley (hwSKtf)
dik')
Tiraboschi
(te-ra(soo-la/
or
Soule
TJ
*-*
Varnhagen (faRn'- Whewell (hu'el)
bos'kee)
Taglioni
(tal-yo'soo'la')
Whitefield (hwit/ha-gen)
Tischendorf (tish'(soo'nee)
Soulouque
feeld)
Vattel (vat-tel 7 or
en-doRf)
ZTm'mer-mann
Talbot (tawPbgt)
lobk')
Wieland (wee'land; (German pron.
viit'tel')
Talfourd(tawl / ford) Titian (tish'an) (It.
Soult(soolt)
_
/
German
pron.
tsirn'mer-man)
Tiziano, "tet-se- Vauban (vo'boN')
(siith
Taliaferro
(tSPiSouthard
a'no)
Vaughan (vaw'n or "wee'lant)
Zinzendorf (tsint 7 ver, and someard)
Willoughby (wTHq- sen-doRf)
vaw'an)
times tel'fer)
Tocqueville (tok'Southern(suth / ern)
Zollikofer
(Ger.)
vil
Fr.
pron. Vaux " (Eng.
& bi)
Southey (sowth'I) Talleyrand "(taPliAmer. ) (vawks) Willughby (wiPlg- (tsol'le-ko'fer)
tok'vel')
(soo'rSnd; Fr. pron.
Souvestre
bi)
Zol'li-koffer (Am.)
taFla'roN')
Torquato
(toR- Vega (va'ga)
vestr')
Velasquez (va-las'- Winckelmann
Zouch (zooch)
(sou'er- Tallien (ta'le-aN)
kwa'to).
Sowerby
"
(wink'gl-man)
or va-las'Zschokke (tshSk'Tallmadge (taPmij) Torquemafla (toRkez
bi)
Windham (wind'- kgh)
or Tamerlane (tam/grka-ma'Da)
keth)
(soi'er
Soyer
am)
Zumala - Carregui
Ian or tam'er- Torricelli
(tor-ri- Vernet (vgR'na/)
swa'ya')
(ver- Winkelried (wins/(thoo-ma'la-kaRIan')
sePli or toR-Re- Verplanck
Spinola(spee / no-la)
gl-reet)
plJink')
Ra'gee)
chePlee)
Spinoza (spe-no'za) Taney (taw'n!)
Wirth (we~eRt)
Zumpt (ts6~ompt)
Tas'so
(It.
Ver-ste'gan
Spurtzheim
pron. Toucey (tou'sT)
Wolcott
(wSPkQt Zuniga ( thoon-yee'tas'so)
Tournefort(tooRn /- VeVij-lam.
(spooRts'him or
or wooPk5t)
See Ercilla.
Tassoni
ga).
spflrz'im)
(tas-so/foR')
Vespucci
(v5sWolff
(English) Zwin'gll (German
[nits) ToussaintL'Ouvernee)
poot'chee)
Stael (stal or stawl)
(wdblf)
pron. tswing'lee)
Stanhope (stan'op) Tauchnitz (touK^ture
(too'saN' Vicente (ve-sen'ta)
(Lat. Zwm/gli-Qs
Stanislaus (stan-is- Tauler (tou'lgr)
loo'vgR'tuR')
Vicq d'Azyr (vek Wollaston (wdbl'"
as-tgn)
or Zuiu/gli-us)
la'us or st'an-is- Te-cum'sgh
Townshend
da/zeR)
[ton) Tegner (teng-neR')
also
(townz7 gnd)
Vidocq (ve'dok')
Wollstonecraft
written
la/us)
(stan'- Teniers (ten'ygrz Trad'gs-cEnt
(wc^oPstgnVilliers (vTl'ygrz)
Zwingle (zwing7Staunton
Fr. pron. tghT-ne- Tristan
(Amer.)
(French) Vinci (vm/chee or
kritft)
[er)
Steuben
gl)
(stii'bgn)
a 7 or tgn-ya')
ven'chee)
(tres'toN*)
Wolsey (vrcfol'zf)
Zwirner (tswlRQ.''
see'nee)

Somers (sum'grz)
Sontag (son'tag or

Sydenham
am)

(sid'en-

Tintoretto

'

(ten-to-

Vancouver

ret'to)

'

dgjWOlf.tcTo^d'ok; Qrn,rue,pull; s,g,soft; v,g,hard; a, ejist;

aasng;

this,

ajb'^e^^njSjWjB^GjHjKjNjRjUfseep.

502).

;;

PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
OF

COMMON ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES,

WITH
THEIR DERIVATION, SIGNIFICATION, AND DIMINUTIVES, OR NICK-NAMES.

NAMES OF MEN.

I.

An'drew
manly.

AARON

[Heb.]

(ar'un).

Lofty

in-

H. Ger.]

[0.

Protection

A'bel.

Breath ; transitori[Heb.]
ness vanity.
A-bi'el. [Heb.] Father of strength.
A-BI'JAH. [Heb.] To whom Jehovah
;

AB'ner. [Heb.] Father of light.

A'BRA-HAM. [Heb.] Father of a mulDim. Abe (ab).
_ titude.
A'BRAM. [Heb.] Father of elevation.
Dim. Abe.
AD'AM. [Heb.] Man; earrh-man;
Dim. Ade (ad).
red earth.
A-DOL'PHUS. [0. H. Ger.] Noble

e.

i.

noble hero.

An'tho-ny

(-to-),

An'to-ny.
Dim. To'ny.
Xr'chi-bald.

[Lat.]

Priceless

praiseworthy.

chv.

Cecil

AR'te-mas.

[Gr.] Gift of Artemis, or

A'sA.

High; noble.

[Celt.]

Healer

[Heb.]

manly

physician.

As'A-HEL. [Heb.] Made of God.

A'saph. [Heb.] A collector.
Ash'er. [Heb.] Happy fortunate.
Ash'ur. [Heb] Black blackness.
;

Belonging to
Augustus.

a corruption of Hilary, or of JElia- Au-GtJS'TUS.

rial.
;

illustrious.
[Celt.]

Exalted

[Lat.]

Dim. Gus.

Au-RE'Ll-us.
Xz'a-ri'ah.

impe-

Helped of the

[Heb.]

Bap'tist.
Elf in coun-

good counselor.

Dim.

iiR'NA^Y

^^ ^

[Heb.]

son.
Dim. Bat.
Al/GER-NON. [Fr.] With whiskers.
A-LON'zo. [0. Ger.] The same as Bar-zil'lai. [Heb.]
q. v.

Al'vin,

Al'win,

***

!]
[0.

Whom Jehovah

promised.

Am'a-sa.

[Heb.]

Am'brose.

[Gr.]

[Heb.]
[Heb.]

I,

burden.

Immortal

My

divine.

people.

Strong courageous

otherwise, burden.

a, e,

A warlike

Dim.

LAU'DI-US,

To
Lame

rT+i
Lat ^

Mild-tempered

[Lat.J

merciful.

Bold in
[0. H. Ger.]
council resolute.
on'stant._ [Lat.] Firm faithful.
6n'stan-tine. [Lat.] Resolute;
firm.
eOR-NE'Ll-us (or kor-neel'yus). [Lat.]

[Lat.]

Uncertain).

rS'pus|
ris'pi-an.

j
)

tJTH'BERT.
Iron of the

royal.
Blessed.

Dim.

nair

Has

curl ?

Noted

splen-

[A.-S.]

dor.

Cyp'ri an. [Gr.] Of Cyprus.

gfR'lL. [Gr.] Lordly.
CY'RUS. [Per.] The sun.

Ben'net.

[Heb.]

Son of the

right hand.
Dim. Ben, Ben'ny.
[Heb.] In calamity.
Bold as a
[0. H. Ger.]
Bar'nard. j bear.
Bright
Ber'tram.
[0. H. Ger.]
raven.
Be-zal'e-el. [Heb.] In the shadow
(protection) of God.
Bon'i-face. [Lat.] A benefactor.
Bri'an. [Celt.] Strong.
Bru'no. [0. H. Ger.] Brown.
)

6,u, Y,Zog-/Aj,X,6,tJ,Y,sAorf; cAre,far, Ask, all,

C520)

Be-ri'ah.

all.

Am'a-ri'ah. [Heb.]

AM'MI.
A'mos.

Ben'e-DIT.

Beloved by Ber'nard,

H. Ger.]

Ben'ja-MIN.

willing.

Lord firm true.

BXg'iL. [Gr.] Kingly
;

Al-phe'us).
(properly
Al'phe-tjs
[Heb.] Exchange.
Al-phon'so. [0. H. Ger.] All-ready

Bold, coura-

[Gr.] A baptizer purifier.

5
011
01
*} 80110

Bar-thol'o-mew.

Alf.

Alphonso,

[Lat.]
Belonging to
Christ a believer in Christ.
Dim.
Chrls'tTe.
hris'to-piier.
[Gr.]
Bearing
Christ.
Kes'ter, Kit, hris.
lar'ence. [Lat.] Illustrious.

der, San'dy, Saw'nie.

[0. H. Ger.]

Al/FRED.

e.,

Charley.

6n'rad.

Lord.

B.
name of England.
Il'ex-an'der. [Gr.] A defender of Bald'win. [0. H. Ger.]
geous friend.
Dim. Al'eck, El'lick, San'merT.
i.

[Lat.]

Dim.

noble-spirited.

Char'lie, or

hrist'ian.

Claude.
lem'ent.

[Lat.] Golden.

the ancient

or sSs'il).

Mountainous land

Al'bx-on.

cil

sls'il,

[Aramaic] A stone.
CHARLEg. [0. H. Ger.]
Strong;

^f^SE ,^-]

(se'sil,

Dim-sighted.

Qe'pptas.

Diana.

Ar'thur.

Battle-

tion.

a'leb. [Heb.] A dog.

Al'vin. [Lat.] Bald.

nus.

[Brit.]

Q^E'gAR. [Lat.] Hairy; or blue-eyed;

or, born under the cesarean opera-

[Ger.] Extremely bold

otherwise, holy prince.
Dim. Ar'-

Ad'O-ni'RAM. [Heb.] Lord of height.

Variously explained as a
Al'AN.
hound [Slav.], harmony [Celt.], and AUS'TIN.
Al/A-Rl. [0. H. Ger.] All-rich or,
noble ruler.
Xl'bert. [0. H. Ger.] Nobly bright

C.
CAD-WAI/LA-DER.
arranger.

of God.

spired.

wolf,

Strong;

[Gr.]

(?.n'dru).

Dim. An'dy.

An'selm.

DXn'I-EL
judge.

Adivino

(or dan'yel). [Heb.]

Dim. Dan.

Da-ri'us.

[Per.]

Da'vid.

[Heb.]
Da'vy, Dave.

De-me'tri-us.

Preserver.
Beloved.

[Gr.]

Dim.

Belonging to

Ceres.

Den'is,
Den'nis.

what; ere,

veil,

[Gr.] Same as
[Fr. form.]

Dionysius.

term; pique, fIrm;

s6n,

COMMON ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES.

DER'RICK.
tion Of

[0.

H. Ger.]

corrup-

THEODORIC.

DPO-nys'i-us (di'o-nizhl-us).

[Gr.]

Belonging to Dionysos or Bacchus,

Fer-nan'do.
Ferdinand.

as

FrXnk.

Francis.
Don'ald. [Celt.] Proud chief.
Fred'er-I,
DOn'can (dunk'an). [Celt.] Brown FRED'ER-ICK.

fiery.

Im-man'u-el.

The same

[Heb.]

as

Emmanuel.

I'ra.

Watchful.

[Heb.]

I'gAAC

EBrEN._ [Heb.] A stone.

Jb'en-e'zer. [Heb.] The

[Gr.] Ar-

IN'crease. [Eng.] Increase of faith.

[Teut.] Raven.
[0. H. Ger.] Abound- In'gram.
or IN'I-GO.
The same as IGNA[Gr.]
ing in peace
TIUS. [Sp. form.]
Dim. Fred, Fred-

peaceful ruler.
dy.

E.

521

Ig-na'tI-us (ig-na'shl-us).
dent

Dim. Frank.
[Fr.] Free.
contraction of
[Fr.]

Fran'cis.

the god of wine.

chief.

Same

H. Ger.]

[0.

Laughter.-*

[Heb.]

(I'zak).

Dim.

Ik, Ike.
I-A'IAH (I-za'ya).

G.

[Heb.]

Salvation

GA'IUS (ga'yus). [Lat.] Rejoiced.

of the Lord.
Ga-ma'li-el. [Heb.] Recompense Is'RA-EL. [Heb.] A soldier of God.
fGod.
Ed'gar. [A.-S.] A javelin (or proIV'an. [Brit.] The same as John.
GXr'RET. [0. H. Ger.] Another form
[Russian form.]
w tector) of property.
stone of

help.

Ed'MUND.
erty.

Defender of prop-

[A.-S.]

Dim. Ed, Ned (a contraction

of " mine

Ed'ward.

erty.

Ed

of Gerald,
Geof'frey.

or

Gerard.

[0.

H. Ger.]

Godfrey.
George. [Ger.] A

The same

as

").

[A.-S.]

Dim.

Guardian of propEd, Ed'dy, Ned,

bandman.

Ger'ald,
GER'ard.
GER'sHOM.

Ned'dy, Ted'dy.

Dim.
[0.

landholder

hus-

Ge6r'gle, Geftr'dle.
^

H. Ger.]

Strong with

Ja/bez. [Heb.] He will cause pain.

Ja'cob.
[Heb.]
A supplanter.
Dim. Jake.

JA'I-RUS. [Heb.] He will enlighten.

Ed'win. [A.-S.] Gainer of property.
the spear.
jAMEg. [Heb.] The same as Jacob.
D/w.Ed, Ed'dy.
[Heb.] An exile.
w
Eg'bert. [0. H. Ger.] The sword's GID'e-on. [Heb.] A destroyer.
Dim. Jeames, Jem, Jim, JenVwith
the
sword.
Yellowbrightness
famous
GIL'bert.
_my, Jini'my.
Ger.]
H.
[0.
w
El/BERT. [0. H. Ger.] The same as
Ja/pheth. [Heb.] Enlargement.
bright famous.
Ja'red. [Heb.] Descent.
Albert.
Giles. [Gr.] A kid.
|l'dred. [A.-S.] Terrible.
JA'SON. [Gr.] A healer.
GIVEN. [Eng.] Gift of God.
(TJnrertain.)
E'LE-A'ZER. [Heb.] To whom God God'dard. [0. Ger.] Pious virtu- Jas'pe
[Per.]
Jed'e-di'aH. [Heb.] Beloved of the
ous.
_ isa help.
E'LI. [Heb.] A foster son.
Lord.
God'frey. [0. H. Ger.] At peace
E-LI'AB. [Heb.] God is his father.
Jef'frey. [0. H. Ger.] The same
with God.
E-Li/AS. [Heb.] The same as ELIJAH. Greg'o-ry. [Ger.] Watchful vigias Godfrey.
E-li'hu. [Heb.] God the Lord.
lant.
j

E-li'jah.
God.

is

my

Grif'fith.

God of

sal-

Gus-ta'vus.

Jehovah

[Heb.]

Having great

[Brit.]

[Heb.J

vation.

L rd

JER'E-MY.

faith^

E-LIPH'A-LET.

[Sw.]

warrior;

Jer'ome

(in

Eng.),

JE-ROME'

(in

Amer.). Holy name.

Jes'se. [Heb.] Wealth.
Jo'AB. [Heb.] Jehovah is his father.

hero.

E-LI'sha. [Heb.] God my salvation. GUY. [Fr.] A leader.

E-LI'ZUR. [Heb.] God is my rock.
EL'LIS. [Heb.] A variation of ELI SHA.
[Punic]
El'mer. [A.-S.] Noble excellent. HXn'ni-bal.
Baal.
[A contraction of ETHELMER.]

Job. [Heb.] Afflicted persecuted.

Jo'EL. [Heb.] The Lord is God.

H.

Grace

John

The gracious
gift of God.
Dim. JShn'ny, Jack,
Har'old.
[A.-S.]
A
champion
God
gave.
El'NA-THAN. [Heb.]
Jock.
general of an army.
Em-man'u-el. [Heb.] God with us.
HE 'MAN. [Heb.] Faithful.
EM'e-ry, )
Sis"' }["] Adove.
Em'me-ry, [ [A.-S.] Powerful rich. HEN'RY. [0. H. Ger.] The head or Jon'a-than. [Heb.] Gift of Jehochief of a house.
Dim. H31, HSr'ry
vah.
(by assimilation of consonant sound), Jo'eph._ [Heb.]
E'noch. [Heb.] Consecrated dediHe shall add.
Hen.
cated.
Dim. Joe.
HEr'BERT. [A.-S.] Glory of the army. Josh'u-a. [Heb.] God of salvation.
^5'NOS. [Heb.] Man.
Her'man. [0. H. Ger.] A warrior.
E'phra-Im. [Heb.] Yery fruitful.
Dim. Josh.
E-rXs'MUS. [Gr.] Lovely; worthy Hez'eI-ki'ah. [Heb.] Strength of JO-SI'AH,
[Heb]
Given of the
;

of

(jon).

[Heb.]

the Lord.

to be loved.

E-ras'tus.

[Ger.] Lovely amiable.

brave power[A.-S.] Rich

E'RIC.

HfL'A-RY.

Hl'RAM.

[Heb.]

Hor'ace.

ful.

Jo-si'AS.
Cheerful

[Lat.]
[Gr.]

'

merry.

Most noble.

Same

as

born

Ho WELL.

noble.

Healthy

[Gr.]

strong

standing firm.

EVAN.

[Brit.]
The same as JOHN.
E-ze'ki-el. [Heb.] Strength of God.

Dim.

Zeke.
[Heb.]

Sz'ra.

[Brit.]

JGs'tin.
Jus'tus-

[Lat.]
[Lat.]

Hugh

or, do,

[0.

H. Ger.]

Brave

fcH'A-BOD.

wqlf, too, took URN, rue, pull E, I,

;

Just.
Just.

K.
Ken'elm.

[A.-S.]

[Heb.]

defender of hfc-

leader;

com-

L.

The glory has

La'ban.

o, silent

[Gael.]

mander.

departed.

kindred.

I.
valiant.

Sprung from, or be-

Dim. Jule.
Soft-haired. Dim-

[Gr.]

Ken'neth.
Fer'di-nand.

up-

the home.

Help.

Sound; whole.

[0. H. Ger.] Bright in

soul-bright.
(hu), )
[D.]
Mind ; spirit
Hu'go.
soul.
j
Humph'rey. [A.-S.] Protector of

[Lat.]

longing to, Julius.

Ju'Li-tJS.
Jule.

Hu'bert.
spirit

is

Praised.

[Heb.]

Ju'Ll-AN.

Un-

Eus'tace.

The Lord

right.

HORATIO. JU'DAH.

[Fr.form.]
Eamest
Ho-RA'TI-O (ho-ra'shT-o). [Gr.]
E'THAN. [Heb.J Firmness strength.
certain.
Eu'gene, or Eu-gene'. [Gr.] "Well- Ho-gE'A. [Heb.] Salvation.

Ir'nIs^tus.}^

Lord.
[Heb.]

Jo'tham.

c, G, soft

, S, hard;

[Heb.]

White.

Ag EIST % N cs ng this.
-

COMMON ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES.

522
LXm'bert.

[O.H. Ger.J
with landed possessions.

LXn'ce-lot.

[It.]

Illustrious

angel
lance or warrior;
little

NA-thXn'a-el,
Na-thXn'i-el.

NEAL,

The

[Heb.]

of

gift

God.

Dark

[Lat.]

swarthy

fame. Dim. B5b, Dob, Dob/bin.

Rob, Rob'In, Pop.
RoD'ER-f-e, i
[0. H. Gee.] Rich iu

Neil.
otherwise [Celt.], chief.
Rod'ER-Ick. j
fame.
_
Ne'he-mi'ah.
Comfort of Ro'dolph,
[Heb.]
[O.H. Ger.]
FaRo-dol'phus.
Crowned with
the Lord.
mous wolf or hero.
Lawrence.) laurel. Dim. Lar'- Nich'o-las, [Gr.] Victory of the Rog'er. [0. H. Ger.] Famous with
ry (Law'rie, Lau'rle, Scot., Lar'ry, Nic'o-las.
people. Dim. Nick.
the spear.
Dim. Hodge, Hodg'kin
No'AH. [Ileb.] Rest; comfort.
(h and r being etymologically conIrish.
L\z'a-rus. [Ileb.] God will help.
NO'EL. [Lat. Dies Natalis.] Christvertible.)
Le-an'der. [Gr.] Lion-man.
Ro'land.
mas born on Christmas day.
Same ao
[0. H. Ger.]
Rowland. [Fr. form.]
LEM'U-EL. [Ileb.] Created by God. Nor'jian. [Ger.] A Northman a
LEON'ARD (len'ard). [Ger.J Strong
Rowland. [0. H. Ger.] Fame of
native of Normandy.
otherwise, a
or a servant.

Lau'rence,

little

[Lat.]

the land.

or brave as a lion.

Le-6n'I-das.

[Gr

Le'o-pold.

[0.

thepeople.
t
jE'vi. [neb.]

Lion-like.

See Gen.

Adhesion.

xxix. 34.

Xew'is

warrior.

O'BA-DI'AII.
_ Lord.

O'bed.

Bold

H. Ger.]
Dim. Lou.
[0.

(lGb'is).

[Gr.]
Flaxen-haired.
Ll'o-NEL. [Lat.] Young lion.

Llew-el'lyn

[Heb.]

Oc-TA'vT-Os,

The eighth-

[Lat.]

An

olive-tree.

S.

mountaineer.

M.

MXl'a-ciii.

Pe'ter-kin.

Good; beneficent.

_[W.]

[Ileb

Messenger of

the Lord.

as Marcus.
Mar'CUS, [Lat.]

MARK.

[Lat.]

A hammer

Same
otker-

mighty

noble.

Mar'tin.

[Heb.]

brass.
Pl'us. [Lat.] Pious; dutiful.
PlIn'Y. [Lat.] ( Uncertain.)

[Lat.]

MAt'thew

my.
SAUL.
SE'BA.
erable

[Lat.]

The

(-bast'yan).

[Gr.]

Ven-

reverend.

Se-re'no,
Se-re'nus.

SETH.

Heard of God
-Dim.Sam.Sam'-

[Heb.] Asked for.

[Heb.] Eminent-

Se-bas'tian
I

[Heb.]

Sig'is-mund.

[Lat.]

Calm

peace-

ful.

Appointed.
10.

H. Ger.] Conquer-

ing protection.
Si'las. [Lat.] A contraction of SiL-

VANUS.

Ste'phen

Redeemed.

[Eng.]

Syl-ves'ter
TER.

fifth.

[Heb.]

(stS'vn

Dim. St5ve.
Syl'van,
Syl-va'nus.

Q.
QuIn'tin.

[Heb.]

asked for of God.

SOL'O-MON.
Dim. Sol.

Pre-serv'ed.

from Mars.
[A.-S.]

felicity.

SXm'u-el.

[Heb.] Shady.
[Heb.] Splendid sun;
\
i. e., great joy and

Sil-va'nus. [Lat.] Living in a wood.

Sil-ves'ter.
[Lat.]
Bred in the
country rustic.
SlM'E-ON,
[Heb.]
Hearing with
Dim.
acceptance.
Sl'MON.
J
Mouth of
Sim.

wise, a male, or sprung

Mar'MA-DUKE.

SXl'mon.
SXm'son,
SXmp'son.

[Gr.] A lover of men.

PHI-LE'MON. [Gr.] Loving friendly.
lover of horses.
PhYl'ip. [Gr.]
Dim. Phil, Pip.

Phi-lXn'der

Ma-nXs'seh. [Heb ] Forgetfulness.

MAR-CEL'LUS. [Lat.] Dim. of MAR- Phin'e-as,
PHIN'E-HAS,

CUS.
MAR'ci-tJs (maVshi-us).

Robert.

born.

[Lat.]
[Gr.]

OR-lan'DO. [Teut] Same as ROWLightning.

LAND. [It. form.]
Lo-AM'Mi. [Heb.] Not my people.
5s'AR. [Celt.] Bounding warrior.
Lo-REN'ZO.
[Lat.]
Same as Lau- OS/WALD. [0. H. Ger.] Power of
rence. [It. & Sp. forms.]
_God.
Lot. [Heb.] A veil; a covering.
OWEN, [Celt.] Lamb; otherwise,
Lou'IS. [0. H. Ger.] Tr same as
young warrior.
Lewis. [Fr. form.]
Lu'ci-AN (lu'shi-an). [Lat.] BelongJng to, or sprung from, Lucius.
P.
Lu'ci-us (IQ'shi-us). [Lat.] Born at
PXt'rIck. [Lat.] Noble a patrician
break of day.
Dim. Pat, Paddy.
Lu'DO-vic.
Same as Paul,
[0. H. Ger.]
[Lat.]
Little.
Lewis. [Ger. form.]
P^U'LUS
Luke. [Lat.] Light.
Pe'leg. [Heb.] Division.
Lu'THER. [Ger.] Illustrious warrior. Per'e-grTne. [Lat.] A stranger.
Pe'ter. [Gr.] Arock. Dim. Pete,

MA'DQC.

Va-

Ro-

Ru'fus. [Lat.] Red red-haired.

Rii'PERT. [0. U. Ger.] The same as

Serving God.

[Celt.]

(lu-el'lin).

[0- II. Ger.]

riations of

[Heb.]

Oc-TA'vDs.
OL'I-VER.
0-RES'TEg.

Ll'NUS.

Ru'dolph,
Ru-doi/phus.
"dolphus.
Servant of the

O.

Bold for

H. Ger.]

[Gr.]

A crown.

The same

as

SlLVA-

NUS.

The same

as

SlLVES-

Of Mars; warlike.

(math'yjj).
[Heb.]
Dim. Mat.
of Jehovah.

Gift

E.
RXLPH

Eng. often pronounced THXD'DE-US. [Syr.] The wise.

Same as Ro- THE'O-BALD (formerly tib'ald). [0.
[0. H. Ger.']
H. Ger.] Bold for the people.
DOLPHUS.
MXx'l-MlL'l-AN. [Lat.] The greathealing of The'o-dore. [Gr.] The gift of God.
The
Raph'a-el
[Heb.]
iEmilianus.
est
Powerful
[A.-S.]
The-od'o-ric.
God.
Mi'CAH. [Heb.] Who is like the Lord ?
among the people.
Wise proMT'HA-EL (or mi'kel). [Heb.] Who Ray'mond. [0. H. Ger
[Gr] A lover of
[ruler. The-qph'i-lus.
tection.
is like God ? Dim. Mike.
God.
REG'1-NALD. [0 H. Ger.] Strong
Miles..
[Lat.]
A soldier.
The'ron. [Gr.] A hunter.
Mo'ses. [Egypt. ]_ Drawn out of the Reu'ben. [Heb.] Behold, a son.
[Heb.] A twin.
Thom'as
(tom'as).
of
God.
[Heb.]
Friend
Reu'el.
water.
Dim. Moge.
Dim. Tom, Torn'my.
Reyn'old. [0. H. Ger.]
TIm'o-thy. [Gr.] Fearing God.
Reginald.
Dim. Tim.
RIch'ard. [0. H. Ger.] Rich-heart-

Mau'rTce.

Moorish

[Lat.]

dark-

(in

raf.)

colored.

N.

NA'hum. [Heb.] Consolation.

Na-po'le-on. [Gr.] Lion of the

Na'than.
, E,

I,

[Heb.]

Given

O, U, Y, lonSi

gift.

&>%} * O,

Dim. Dick, Dick'en,

ed powerful.
Dlck'on (d and r being etymological ;

for-

ost-dell.

ly convertible).
Rob'ert.
[0. H. Ger.]

U, Y, short;

CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

Bright in

WHAT

Tl'TUS.

[Gr.]

TO-BI'AH,

To-bi'as.

To'by.

(Uncertain.)
Distinguished
[Heb.]
Dimof the Lord.

ERE, VEIL, SfiBM; PIQUE, FIRM S6N.

J

COMMON ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES.

TRls'TAM,
Tris'tram.

[Lat.]
sive

Vincent.

penGrave
melancholy
;

teous

[Gr.]
"[Lat.]
polished.

U-Ri'AH.

t'RI-EL.

Wal'ter.

hater.
;

cour-

host.

Ruling the Zeb'a-di'ah,

Win'fred.

[A.-S.]

ZXb'di-el.

[neb.]

Strong

[Lat.]

Lord.

A conqueror

An-t5'ni-a.
(ab'T-gel). w

Lord.
Gift of God.

NAMES OF WOMEN

II.

AB'I-GAIL

Ze-lo'te. [Gr.] A zealot.

Ze'nas. [Gr.] Gift of J upiter.
Hid of th
Zeph'a-ni'ah.
[Hob]

Win-peace.

Z.

healthy; powerful.
[Lat.]

My

[Heb.]

[Lat.]

Inestimable.

AR'A-BEL'LA.
[Lat.]
A fair altar
otherwise, an Arabian woman.
Dim. Bel'la, Bel.

Dim. AVby.
father's joy.
ACH'SA. [Heb.] Anklet.
A'RI-Xn'A.
[Gr.]
A corruption of
Ariadne.
A'DA. [0. H. Ger.] Same as EDITH.
Same as Au-gOs'ta. [Lat.] Feminine of AuAD'A-LINE. [0. II. Ger.]
" GUSTUS.
ADELINE.
Id'e-la. [0. II. Ger.] Same as Ade- Au-re'li-a (or aw-reel'ya).
[Lat.]
line.
Feminine of AURELIUS.
AD'e-laide. [0. n. Ger.] Same as Au-ro'ra. [Lat.] Morning redness
" fresh

Adeline.
A-de'LI-a.
tion of

brilliant.

A varia-

H. Ger.]

[0.

[0.

H. Ger.]

B.

Of no-

ble birth; a prin- Bar'ba-ra.

[Gr.] Foreign strange.
w
Dim. Bab.
Dim. Ad'dy.
cess.
Be/a-trice,
[Lat.] Making hapAG'A-THA. [Gr.] Good kind.
Be'a-trix. j
Ag'nes. [Gr.] Chaste; pure.
py.
AL-br'ta. [0. H. Ger.] Feminine Be-LIN'da. (Uncertain.)
Ber'tha. [0. H. Ger.]
Bright;
of Albert.
beautiful,
Dim. Ber'ty.
AL'e-the'a. [Gr.] Truth.
Feminine
[Gr.]
Bet'sey.
AL'EX-AN'DRA,
[Heb.]
A
corruption
of
(
of Alexander.
Elizabeth.
AL'EX-AN-DRI'NA. j
Same
H.
Ger
Blanch,
)
Al'IC~e,
[0.
]
^.j,.
wmte
L leut -J
as ADELINE.
Blanche. rTeut
A-LIC'I-A (-hWl-). j
BrTdg'et [Celt.] Strength. Dim.
Dim. Al'ly, or Al'lTe, El'sle.

-,

AL-MI'RA.
Al-the'a.

AM'a-bel.
A-man'dA.

Lofty a princess.
[At.]
healer.
[Gr.]
[Lat.]
Lovable.
[Lat.]
Worthy to be
;

A-me'li-a
Busy
Ger.
LINE.
i'MY. [Lat.]
An-Gel'i-A,
An'ge-li'na.
]

a-meel'ya).
[0. H.
energetic.
See Eme-

j
j

Lovely

[Gr.]
gelic.

Net'ty.

5r, do,

form.]

H. Ger.] Feminine

herb

Feminine

Oi.

Christianus, Lat.
Dim. -Chris'sie,

(zee'na).
[Lat. ]

corruption of

Cecilia.
-Glar'a.

[Lat.]
Bright; illustrious.
Dim. Clare.
variation of
Glar'IC'E,
[Lat.]
la-ris'sa, j Clara. D/ot. Clare.
Feminine of
Clau'di-a.
[Lat.]

Claudius.
lem'en-ti'na, [Lat.j Mild gentie.
lem'en-tine.
on'stance. [Lat.] Firm constant.
Maiden
another
o'ra.
[Gr.]
form of CORINNA.
[Lat.]
or-de'li-a (or -deeVya).
)

Warm-hearted.
Co-rin'na. [Gr.]

Maiden.

OR-NE'Ll-A (or -neel'ya).

Fem. of Cornelius.
Qyn'thi-a. [Gr.] Belonging

[Lat.]

to

Mt

D.
[Heb.]

bee.

Dim

Deb'by, Deb.
(or deePya).
[Gr.] OfDelo*
Din.
Di-an'a.
[Lat.]
Goddess.

De'li-A

She who inflames

D^'NAH.
Do'RA.

Di, Die.
[Gr.]

with love.

ath A-ri'na,
Ce-^Il'i-a,
Qec'i-ly.

Pure.

[Gr.]

Dim.

cil.

Dim.

Ce-les'tIne. [Lat.]
Qe'li-a (or seel'ya).
nine of CCELIUS.
js, /,

Judged.

A contraction

[Gr.]

of

DOR

OTHEA.

Sls'ley,

Sis, Cis.

[Heb.]

a/sy,Kate,Kat'- Dor'cas. [Gr.] A gazelle.

rine, Kir, Kit'ty.
Do-rin'da. [Gr.] Same as Doro)
[Lat.]
Feminine of Cethea.

ATH'A-RlNE,
ath'ER-ine,

wolf, too, TOfcaj CRN, rue ,pull

Femi

[Gr.]

C/ic'E-LY.

the Latin of Charles.

Dim. Cax'rie, Cad'-

dle.

an- as-san'dra

same as
[Heb.] Grace
ANN, )
Hannah.
Di?n. An'An'na, [
nie,
Nan'ny, Nan'cy,
ANNE. )
Nan NT'na.
An-ntte'. [Heb.] A variation of
Anne. [Fr. form.]
AN'toi-nette'. [Gr.] Diminutive
[Fr. form.] Dim.
of ANTONIA.

Xina

Christian.

Deb'o-rah.
[0.

CAROLUS,

[Fr.

Beloved.

for

Attendant at a

[Lat.]

ar'o-line.
of

Ger.]

green

blooming.

eHRis'Tl-AN'A,
hris-ti'na.

C.
Ca-mil'la.
sacrifice.

(or

[Gr.]

Cynthus.

Bid'dy.

loved.

Qhar'lotte. [0. H.
nine of Charles.
Chlo'e.

Adela.

AD'E-li'nA,
Ad'e-line.

Gift of the

Bought.

Ze-bi'na._ [Heb.]

Resolute

letters) Bill, Bil'ly.

VAL'EN-TINE-

Just.

[Heb.]
Lord.

[Heb.] The same as

de- Ze^h'A-ri'ah.
or., helmet of resolution
Zachariah.
Dim. Will, Willy,
fense protector.
and (by interchange of convertible Zed'e-ki'ah. [Heb.] Justice of th'-

helmet,

husbandman.

Light of God.

V.
Vle'TOR.

Zeb'e-dee.

Walt.

H. Ger.]

[0.

[Heb.] Remembered of the Lord.

Dim. Zach.
Za'dok. [Heb.]

H. Ger.]

[0.

Dim. Wat,

WlLL'lAM.
Light of the Lord.

[Heb.]
[Dan.]
[Heb.]

"S'RI-AN.

ZXch'A-ri'AH,
ZAch'a-ry.

Lively.

[Lat.]

W.

Of the town

Innocent;

[Heb.]

pure.

Viv'l-AN.

IT.
Cr'ban.

523

Za-he'us.

vic-

torious.

sorrowful; sad.

U-LYS'ses.

Conquering;

[Lat.]

Heavenly.
Femi-

[Lat.]

[It.

o, silent

form.]

The gift of
Dim. D61,
etymologically
r being

Dor'o-the'a,
Dor'O-THY.
Dol'ly (I and

[Gr.]

God.

convertible.

Dru-sIl'lA.

9, G, soft; , &, hard;

Uncertain.)

A J EXL3T

cm Nfl

COMMON ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES.

524
H. Ger.J

[0.

Lau-rIn'dA.

H.

E.
E'dith.

Happiness;

otherwise, rich gift.

Ed'na. [Heb.] Pleasure.

l'e-A-NOR, [Gr.]
Light
the
l'i-nor.
same as Helen.
Dim. El'la, N611, No'ra.
E-lis'a-beth, ) [Heb.]
Worshiper
couseE-L1Z'A-BETH, [ of God
I

HXn'NAH.

Har'ri-et,
HXr'ri-ot.

[0.

H. Ger.]

Feminine

diminutive of HenJ
Dim. Hat'ty.
[Eng. form.]
Hel'en,
[Gr.]
Light.
Dim.

ry.

[Lat.]

variation of

LAURA.

The same as ANNA.

[Heb.]

LA-vlN'_I-A.

Le'o-no'rA.

nor.
Le-tPti-A

OfLatium.

[Lat.]
[Gr.]

Same

as

EleaHa-

[Lat.]

(le-tish'I-a).

piness.

HEL'E-NA.
Nell, Nel'ly.
LET'TlCE. A corruption of LETITIA.
Hen'ri-et'tA. [0. H. Ger.] Femi- Lil'i-an, rT
,..
,
Lllv
[ Lat -1
nine and diminutive of HENRY, Lil'ly.
}
crated to God.
[b'r. form.] Dim. Et'ta, Hefty.
E-lI'za.
)
Lo'is.
[Gr.]
Good; desirable.
Dim. Bess, Bes'sey, Betsey, Bet'ty, Heph'zi-bah. [Heb.] My delight Lou-'f'sA, [0. H. Ger.] Feminine o:
is in her.
Lou-ise'. j
Louis. Dim. Lou'ie.
w Liz'zy, Lib'by, LPsa.
l'la. [Gr.] A contraction of Ele- Hes'ter,
HPer.] Sameas Lu'CI-A (-shT-a).
[Lat.]
Same as
IlES'THER(hes / ter).
anor.
Esther.
Lucy. [It. form.]
l'len. [Gr.] A diminutive of Ele- Hi-LA'RI-A.
[Lat.]
Feminine of Lu-cin'dA. [Lat.] The same as Lucy.
anor.
HrLARY.
LU-RE'ti-a
(lu-kre'shi-a).
[Lat.]
HO-NO'RA, ) T
El-vi'rA [Lat.] White.
l,
tt
Gain otherwise, light.
[Lat -J Honorable
Ener- HO-NO'RI-A,}
Em'e-line,
[0. II. Ger.]
Lu'CY. [Lat.] Feminine of LUCIUS.
HOR-TEN'si-A (hor-teu'shi-a.) [Lat.] Lyd'i-A. [Gr.] A native of Lydia,
EM'me-line.
getic; industrious.
A lady gardener.
EM'l-LY. [0. H. Ger.] Same as Emin Asia Minor.
HDl'dah. [Heb.] A weasel.
w ELINE.
m'mA. [0. H. Ger.] Same as E3IELINE.
Dim. Emm, EnPmie.
I.
Er'NES-tiive. [Ger.] Feminine and
Ma'bel. [Lat.] A contraction of
Amabel.
I'DA. [0. H. Ger.] Godlike.
w dim. of Ernest.
Es'ther (es'ter). [Per.] A star; I'NEZ. [Gr.] The same as AGNES. Mad'e-line. [Heb.] SameasMAGI

'

i.

M.

good fortune.

Eth'el.

[0.

noble birth

Eth'e.i-Ind,

[Pg. form.]

Noble;

H. Ger.]

same as Adela.
I

[Teut

of

1-re'ne. [Gr.] Peaceful.

IS'A-BEL,
[Heb.]
The same as
Is/a-bel'la. J Elizabeth. Dim.
)

NoblesIlake

j
ETH'E-LIN'DA.
Eu-DO'RA. [Gr.] Good gift.
Eu-Ge'ni-A. [Gr.] Feminine of Euj

Bel, BePla.

[Gr.]
[Fr. form.]

Same

as

mSg'da-le'-

ne).

[Heb.]

Belonging to Magdala.

Dim. Maud, Maud'lin.

Mar-cel'la.

Feminine of

[Lat. j

Marcellus.

[cius.

Mar'ci-a (shi-). Feminine of MARMar'GA-RET. [Gr.] A pearl. Dim

gene.
Eu-ge'nie.

dalene 1 [Fr. form.]

Mag'da-LENE proper/}/

Euge- jAMEg-i'NA.

[Heb.]

Feminine of

Grit'ty,

Mag, Madge, Mag'gy, Mar'-

^ie, Mar'ger-y, Meg. MC-g'gy, Me'ta,

JAMES.
Peg, Peg'gy (m and p being cognate
JANE. [Heb.] Feminine of JOHN
letters).
Same as Joanna.
Ja-net' {in Scot, fy IT. S. ; Janet, in Ma-rPA. [Heb.] The same as MARY.
Dim. Ef/fTe.
[Lat. form.]
Eng.). [Heb.] Dim. of Jane.
E'VA. [HebJ Life.
JXq'ue-lIne. [Heb.] Feminine of Ma'ri-Anne'. [Heb.] A compound
Bringing
E-vAn'ge-lxne.
of Mary and Anne.
[Gr.]
James. [Fr. form.]
glad news.
[Heb.]
A French form
Jean,
[Heb.] The same as Mar'I-on.
)
Eve. [Heb.] The same as Eva.
of Mary.
Jane or Joan.
Jeanne_,
\
EVE-lPnA, [Heb.] Diminutive of Jean-nette'. ) [Fr. forms.]
Mar'thA. [Heb.] The ruler of the
house; otherwise, sorrowful melanEv'e-line. j Eva. [It. form.]
JE-MI'MA. [Heb.] A dove.
choly. Dim. Mat, Mat'ty, Pat.
Je-RU'sha. [Heb.] Possessed mar-

nia.

Eu-la'li-a. [Gr.] Fair speech.

Eu'nice. [Gr.] Happy victory.
Eu-phe'mi-a. [Gr.] Of good report.

Pat'ty.

ried.

[Heb.]
Bitter
otherwise,
Joan',
Feminine of MA'RY.
[Heb.]
their rebellion, or star of the sea.
Jo-an-na. J
John.
Dim. Moll. Mol'ly, Pol, Pol'ly, May.
Jo-se'pha,
Feminine of
) [Heb.]
Jo'|eph-ine.
Dim. Ma-thil'dA (-tlP-), [0. H. Ger.]
Joseph.
HapMa-til'da.
Mighty batJo'zy, Phe'ny.
)
)

FXn'ny.

[Ger.]

diminutive of

Frances.
Faus-ti'na. [Lat.] Lucky.
Fe-lic'i-A (fe-lislPi-a.) [Lat.]
piness,

[ful.

Fi-de'li-A

(or -deel'ya). [Lat.] FaithFlowers.

[Lat.]
Blooming;
FlSr'ence.
[Lat.]

Flo'ra.

JOYCE.
Ju'dith.

Sportive.
Praised.

[Lat.]

[Heb.]

JQ'dy.

Dim.

Dim. Mat.
tle-maid
heroine.
Mat'ty, Maud. Pat'ty (m and p being convertible).
Maud. A contraction of Mathil;

Jul'i-a (or jul'ya). [Lat.] Feminine

nourishing.
da, or Magdalene.
of Julius.
[lian.
Fran'ces,. [Ger.] Feminine of Fran- Ju'li-Xn'A. [Lat.] Feminine of Ju- May. The month of May, or a dimcis. Dim. Fan'ny, Frank.
inutive of Mary.
Ju'LI-ET. [Lat.] Diminutive of JUFred'er-I'cA. [0. H. Ger.] FemiBenefited
Me-het'a-bel, [Heb.]
LIA. [Fr. form.]
nine of Frederick. Dim. Fred'- Jus-ti'na. [Lat.] Feminine of Jus- Me-hit'a-ble.
of God.
dTe.
Mel'i-cent. [Lat.] Sweet singer;
tin.
I

otherwise [Teut.], wcrk-strength.

G.

K.

Me-lTs'sa.

[Gr.]

bee.

Geor'gi-an'a, ) [Gr.]
Feminine of
MIl'dred. [Ger.] Mild threatener
Geor-gi'na.
George.
KXth'a-r?ne, ) [Gr.] Same as Cath- Mi-ran'dA. [Lat.] Admirable.
Ger'al-dine. Feminine of Ger alb. KATH'ER-INE.
Mir'i-am. [Heb.] The same as Mary.
ARINE.
GER'TRUDE. [0. H. Ger.] Spear- Ke-tu'rah. [Heb.] Incense
My'rA. [Gr.] She who weeps or lamaiden. Dim. GSr'tie, Tru'dv.
Ke-zi'ah. [Heb.] Cassia.
j

Grace,

)[Lat.]'

Gra'ti-a (gra'shi-a).
Gri-sl'dA. [Teut.]

Dwz. Grls'sel.

L, f,

I,

Grace,

N.

favor.

Stone-heroine.

Lau'rA.

[Lat.]

laurel.

5,C, Y,long; ij,I,6,u, y, short; cAre, far, Ask, all,

NAN'CY. A familiar form of ANNE.

Dim. Nan, Nance, Ni'na.

what; ere, veil, tJkm pique fIrm;

;

s6n.

COMMON ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES.

No'rA. A contraction of HONORA, Ro-SA'Ll-A,
Ros/A-LIE.
and of Leonora.

[Lat.] Little and

ing rose. [Fr.

The -re's A.

and

corn.
Dim. TSr'ry, Tra'cy.
THoai'A-sA (torn'-), [Heb.]
Fenii-

It.

forms.]

OCTAVIUS
Ol'ive,

0-LIV'I-A.

O-phe'LI-A

of

-Dim. Ta'vy, Tave.

rTn
[Lat

An

[Gr.]

tion,

i. e.

Ruth.

[Teut.] Horse-protecfamous protection.

Dawn of day.
[Per.]

[Heb.]

Beauty.

nine of

JDim. Tam'z.ne.

Try-phe'nA.

Thom-

Delicate; lux-

[Gr.]

urious^

Try-pho'sA.

Luxurious;

[Gr.]

dainty.

Ser-

pent.
[Gr.]

Thom'a-sine.
as.

Ros/a-mond.
Rox-Xn'a.

olive.

(or o-feel'ya).

Q-LYM'PI-A.

Beautiful as a

[Lat.]

rose.

Feminine

[Lat.]

Carrying ears of

[Gr.]

Ros/A-LIND.

O.
0-TA'VI-A.

525

bloom-

U.

S.

Heavenly.

Sa-bPna.

[Lat.]

Sabine woman.

Sa-LOME'

(properly sa-16'me).
Peaceful.
Sa'ra,
[Heb.] A princess.

[Heb.]

Feminine of PAU[Lat.]
Dim.
'Lus, or Paul.
SA'RAH. )
Sal, Sal'ly.
Pau-li'nA, [Lat.] Feminine of Pau- Se-li'na. [Gr.] Parsley; otherwise,
LINUS.
PAU-LINE'.
moon.
Pe-NEL'o-pe. [Gr.] A weayer.
Se-re'na. [Lat.] Feminine of SEPER'SIS. [Gr.] A Persian woman.
renus or Sereno.
PHE'BE. [Gr.] The same asPHCEBE.
[Gr.]
Feminine of
PhI-lip'pa.
Philip.
Wisdom.
Dim.
So-phi'a
[Gr.]
Pure; radiant.
Phcp'be.
[Gr.]
So'phy.
Dim. Phebe.
So-phro'NI-a. [Gr.] Of asoundmind.
PlIYL'LIS. [Gr.] A green bough.
Stel'la. [Lat.] A star.
Pol'ly.
A variation of Steph'A-na. [Gr.] Feminine of
[Eng.]
Molly, from Mary.
Stephen.
Pris-cil'lA. [Lat.] Somewhat old. Su'san,
[Heb.] A lily.
Dim.
)
Su-san'na, [
Sue, Sake, Su'ky,
Su-sAn'nah. )
Su'zy.

Pau'lA.

Rich.
[0. H. Ger.]
Heavenly;
U-RA'NI-A.
[Gr.]
name of one of the Muses.
Or'su-lA. [Lat.] She-bear.

fjL'RI-eA.

the

V.

R.

RA'CHEL. [Heb.] A ewe.

T.
Re-B'A, [Heb.] Of enchanting
Re-bek'ah. beauty. Dwz. B6cky. TXb'i-th_A. [Syr.] A
Rho'dA (ro'da). [Gr.] A rose.
The'O-do'ra.
[Gr.]
[Lat.]

R6'A-BEL-LA.
OR, DO,

rose.

[Lat.]

fair rose.

JB, z,

O.silent

Vl-TO'Rl-A.
inine of

Fem-

Victory.

[Lat.]

Victor.

W.
Wil'hel-MI'nA.
inine of
William.

[0.

H.

Fem-

Ger.J

WlLHELM, German

Dim.

of

WIl'-

Wll'niett,

[Teut.]

lover

of

peace.

gazelle.

Feminine of

Theodore. Dim. Do'ra.

The'o-d6'i-A (the'o-do'zhl-a).
The gift of God.

WOLF, TOO, took; URN, rue, PULL

of

Vi'dA. [Erse.] Feminine of DAVID.

Vi'o-lA. [Lat.] A violet.
Vir-gin'i-A. [Lat.] Virgin pure
Viv'I-AN. [Lat.] Lively

Win'i-frd.

R6s'A-BEL

Feminine

[Lat.]

Valerius.

mot, Mi'na, Mi-nePla.

Ro'sA.

Va-le'ri-A.

[Gr.]

Ze-no'bi-A.

Having

[Gr.]

life

from

J upiter.

c, &, soft; , 5, hard;

EXIST

fi

as NGr

THIS

CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGES.
NOTE. The names

of dead languages are printed in Italic.

No.

I.

Sanskrit (divided into Vedic Sanskrit

Sanskrit), Prakrit, Pali; Bengali,

Hindustani (or Urdu)

BRANCHES.

SUB-BRANCHES.

LANGUAGES.
and the

Classical, or

more modern,

Marathi, Guzerathi, &c.

Indian, or Indicb

Hindi,

Gypsy

(or Avestan, or Old Bactrian), Old Persian (cuneiform inscriptions),

Pehlevi (or Huzvaresh), Parsi (or Pazend), Old Armenian; Modern Persian, Kurdish, Afghan (or Pushto), Ossetic, Modern Armenian, &c

Zend

Old Ionic (or Epic), JEolic, Doric,

New

Ionic, Attic

Romaic

(or

Iranian^, or Iranic
or Persian

Modern

Greek, or Hellenice

Greek)

Oscan (or Opican), Umbrian, Latin; the Romance (or Romanic) languages
(descendants of the Latin), viz., Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Provencal,

Latinc, or Italic

French, Rhaeto-Romanic, Wallachian

Irish (or Gaelic of Ireland), Erse (or Gaelic of the Scottish Highlands,
called also

Highland Scotch ),

Cornish Welsh, Armorican (or Breton)

in-

Bulgarian (or Old Slavonic, or Church Slavic), Russian (or Russ

cluding the Russian proper, and the Little-Russian, or Ruthenian),
;

rian (including three idioms, the Servian, Croatian,

and

(or

GadCeltic

Cymric

Eastern and
Southern

Illy-

Slavonic^, or Slavic

Slovenic)

Polabian, Polish, Bohemian, Moravian, Slovak (or Slovakian), Upper and

Lower Sorbian, Lusatian

or

Gaelic,
helic

Manx

"Western

Wendish)
Lithuanian tf, or
Lithuanic

Old Prussian, Lettish (or Livonian), Lithuanian

Old High German (with its dialects, Frankish, Alemannic, and Swabian,
Bavarian, and Austrian), Middle High German, New High German.
Gothic (or

Maso- Gothic), Old Saxon, Anglo-Saxon

High German

Saxon), Dutch

(or

(or

Low German

Old Norse (or Old Icelandic), Modern Icelandic, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian

Scandinavian

(or

Low

Dutch), Friesic (or Frisian), Flemish, Englishe,

Low German

Teutonic,

or Ger-

manic

Plattdeutsch )

No.

II.

BRANCHES.

LANGUAGES.
Himyaritic, Ethiopic (or Geez)

Arabic

Maltese

Amharic, and other

Ahic or Southern

Abyssinian dialects

Hebrew, Samaritan, Phenician, Punic

Hebraic, or Middles

Aramaic (or Aramasan, or Chaldaic, or Chaldee), Cuneiform

of Babylon and Nineveh ( ? ), Syriac, Neo-Syriac

inscriptions

Semitic Family/

,,

>

a Sometimes called Indo-Germanic or Japhetic.

6 The Indian and Iranian branches are often classed together as forming the Indo-Persian or Aryan branch of
c The Greek and Latin are often joined together as the Graco-Latin, or classical branch.
d The Slavonic and Lithuanian branches are often classed together as the Letto-Slavic or Windic languages,
e

Divided into four periods,

Modern English

( a.

viz.,

Semi-Saxon

d. 1550 to the present day).

/Called also Shemitic and Syro-Arabian.

q Called also Canaanitifr
(526)

(a. d. 1150-1250;,

Old English

(a. d. 1250-1350;,

Middle English

the family,

(a. d. 1350-1550;,

CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGES.
Besides the Indo-Eurepean
follows

and Semitic

families, philologists distinguish several others,

527
which may be classed as

Tartaric (or Tataric) Family (called also Turanian, Scythian, Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Mongolian), including
the numerous and widely different languages of the Manchus, the Mongols, the Turks (in Asia and Europe), the Magyars
Whether the Tamil audits
(in Hungary), the Finns, the Laplanders, the Samoyeds, and a multitude of other tribes.
idioms in Ceylon and southern India belong to this family is uncertain they are grouped together under the
The Japanese, the Corean, and other tongues spoken in the peninsulas and islands of
the extreme north-eastern part of Asia are claimed by some as belonging to the Tartaric Family
but this is very

sister

name

of the Dravidian Family.

doubtful.

South-eastern Asiatic

or

Monosyllabic Family

to these (including the Chinese, Siamese,

Malay-Polynesian

or

in China,

and Farther India, and countries adjacent

Burmese, Annamese, &c).

Oceanic Family,

including the languages and dialects spoken in nearly

and Indian oceans.

Family, composed of the Egyptian, and

all

the

islands of the Pacific

Hamitic

South- African

(sometimes called Zingian)

its

Family,

congeners, the Coptic, Galla, Berber, Hottentot

filling

Africa about the equator

(?),

and southward

&c.

to the

Cape of Good Hope.

American Family,

occupying with

its

many and

greatly varying dialects the whole continent of North

and

South America.
Besides these great families, there are several isolated languages, or groups of languages, which have hitherto resisted

attempts at classfiication. Such are the Yenisean in Siberia the Albanian (or Skipetar) in north-western Greece
the Caucasian group (including the Georgian, Circassian, Lesghian, and Mitsjeghian idioms) in the mountain-range of
the Caucasus the Etruscan in Northern Italy and the ancient Iberian, which was once the prevailing language of the
all

Spanish peninsula, and which

or Eusc&rra).

still Jives

on both

sides of the Pyrenees in the strange

language called Basque (Biscayan,

;
;;

QUOTATIONS,
WORDS, PHRASES, PROVERBS, AND COLLOQUIAL EXPRESSIONS,
FROM

THE GREEK, THE LATIN, AND MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGES,

FREQUENTLY OCCURRING IN ENGLISH BOOKS, IN PERIODICALS, AND IN CONVERSATION

RENDERED INTO ENGLISH.

SELECTED AND TRANSLATED BY

WILLIAM
note.

L. Latin

Fr. French

mind
Mtatis

bas.

Down

[Fr.]

at the foot

It.

"With

[L.]

Italian

Sp. Spanish

an equable

with equanimity.

subs.

Of

[L.J

of her

PAnglaise, after the

English fashion
Voutrance, to
the utmost;
plomb, perpendicu-

Agenda.

point ;
propos de bottes, apropos to boots
without reason.
fortiori. [L.] With stronger reason

Alis volat

in fashion

larly

propos,

the

to

et

elfect

effect

tie

[L.]

from one learn

all

from a single

instance infer the whole.

The defendant be-

Absent e reo. [L.]

ing absent.

Abusus non tollit usum. [L.] Abuse

is not an argument against proper
use.
astra.

Ad

stars, or to

an

Calendas Grsecas, at
never, as
the Greek Calends
the Greeks had no Calends captandum vulgus, to catch the rabble eundem
gradum), to the
same degree finem, to the end
hominem, to the man that to
his interests and passions infinitum, to infinity interim, in the
mean while-, libitum, at pleasure
nauseam, to disgust; utrum;

i.

e.,

(sc.

is,

que paratus, prepared for either

event;
valorem , according to the
value.
Adscriptus glebes. [L.] Belonging or
attached to the soil.
servare mentem. [L.] To preserve an equable mind*
(628)

Mquam

Allons.

propriis.
;

Let us go

mater.
mother.

Another

[L.]

idem,

another precisely similar.

Amende

honorable. [Fr.]
reparation.

Satisfactory

friend of the
[vanity.

apology

Amicus

[L.]

court.

Amour

propre.

Ancien regime. [Fr.] Ancient order

[manner.
of things.
Anglice. [L.] According to the English
Anno aetatis suae. [L.] In the year of
Christi, in the
his (or her) age;
Domini, in the
year of Christ
mundi, in the
year of our Lord
urbis conditae,
year of the world
in the year the city (Rome) was
;

built.

Ante bellum.
[L.]
Before the war
meridiem, before noon.
Appui. [Fr.] Point of support.

Brandy

[L.]

alcohol.
Arbiter elegantiarum.
in matters of taste.

[L.]

An

is,

force
situation of the person to

[Fr.]

its

contraire.

Bentrovato. [It.]
py invention.

men
that

mindWell found; a hapbrilliant

Bizarre. [Fr.] Odd; fantastic.

Blase.
[Fr.]
Pallid
surfeited ; rendered incapable of continued en;

willing

morning
umpire Bonhomie.

[L.]

An

from the

un jour, good day orgood

good, evening.
;

soir,
[Fr.]
Good-natured sim-

whom

it

A public walk or
[Fr.]
occupying the site of demolished fortifications.
Bouleversement.
[Fr.]
Overturning;
subversion.
Bourgeois.
[Fr.]
man of middle
Boulevard.
street

society
[Fr.]

Bona fide. [L.] In good faith.

Bon gre mal gre. [Fr.] Willing

spirit

vation.

Au

spirits

Bete noir. [Fr.] A black beast; a

bugbear.
Bitnseance. [Fr.] Civility decorumBillet d''amour, \ ri? ,
. ..
t Fr -] A love-letter.
Billet doux.
J

ad ignorantiam, an
addressed
argument founded on an adversary's
ad verecundiignorance of facts
am, an argument to modesty.
rank in society.
Arriere pensee.
[Fr.] A mental reser- Bourgeoisie. [Fr.]
is

Gay

[Fr.]

yeux, handsome eyes

attractive looks.

plicity.

Argumentum ad hominem.
argument deriving

esprit s.

of wit

joyment.

vitas.

Either to

[L.]

world.

Bel esprit.

Self-love

[Fr.]

Hear the

The accursed

Bas bleu. [Fr.] A blue-stocking.

Beau monde. [Fr.] The fashionable
Beaux

curias.

B.

fostering

self

To arms.

[Fr.]

come.

[L.]

[L.]

Aut vincere aut mori.

conquer or to die.

She flies Aux armes.

the motto of

[L.]

expert

revoir, adieu

thirst for gold.

feed the

[L.]

own wings

[Fr.]

Alter ego.

To

[L.J

Alma

Aqua

as for the rest ;

we meet again.

until

other side.

To the

[L.]

exalted state

well instructed

Auri sacra fames.

Things to be done.

[L.]

Mere flammam:
with her
Oregon.

mensa thoro, from bed and

board posteriori, from the
to the cause priori, from the
vinculo matricause to the
monii, from the
of marriage.
Ab extra.
From without initio,
from the beginning; intra, from
within ovo usque ad mala, from
the egg to the apples from beginning to end uno disce omnes,

Gr. Greek.

Audi alteram partem.

age.

fait,
reste,

his age

[Fr.] A love affair

upon the ground
la Francaise, Affaire d'amour.
du caur, an affair of the heart.
after the French mode;
la mode,
;

German

JEquo animo.

A.
A

Ger.

WEBSTER

G.

On the contrary

Middle classes of

traders,

Brevet dHnvention.

[Fr.]

A patent.

529

WORDS, PHRASES, PROVERBS, ETC.

A

Brochure. [Fr.]
Brusque. [Fr.]

Compos mentis.

pamphlet.

Rude blunt.
[L.]
A harmless
Brutum fulmen.
;

Cacoethes.

[L.]

An

evil habit;

quendi, a rage for speaking;

loscri-

bendi, an itch for scribbling.

|L-]
The remainder
Castera desunt.
is

wanting.

Ceteris, paribus.

Other things

[L.]

being equal.
Cafe. [Fr.] A coffee-house.
half-coach
Caliche.
[Fr.]
calash.

Calembour.

[Fr.]

or

pun.

Capias ad satisfaciendum.

may

You

[L.]

a writ for
take to satisfy
taking and keeping the party named
to the
;

until he gives satisfaction

party by whom it is issued.
Captatio benevolentix. [L.]
rying favor.

cur-

Enjoy the present

[L.]

day.

Casus

[L.]

belli.

That which involves

or justifies war.
Catalogue raisonne. [Fr.] A catalogue
of books arranged according to their
subjects.

Caveat emptor.
beware.
C-tst-d-dire.

Champs

Let the buyer

[L.]

That

[Fr.]

Elysees. [Fr.]

is

to say.

Elysian Fields.

Chanson. [Fr.] A song

Chapeaubas. [Fr.] Hats
a military cocked hat.
Charge d'affaires. [Fr.]

off;

bras,

An

inferior

mock serenade

of

Castles

[Fr.]

A
A

Chevalier d'industrie.

[Fr.]
who lives

who watch

maturum,

citd putridum.
[L.]
ripe, soon rotten.
Citoyen. [Fr.]
citizen ; a burgher.
Civilitas
successit
barbarum.
[L.]

Soon

succeeds barbarism

the motto of Minnesota

when a

ter-

ritory.

be.

quHl coble.

[Fr.]
il

faut.

A hair-dresser.
[Fr.]

As

it

castera.

Let

it

cost

habes. [Lat.]

Be-

[Fr.]

To

jest at the

The remainder

wanting.

Detur digniori. [L.] Let it be given

to the more worthy.
Deus ex machina. [L.] A god from the
machine ;
e. from a theatrical contrivance for making gods appear in
the air hence, an unexpected and

fends the right

et mon droit, God
and my right.
Dignus vindice nodus. [L.] A knot
worthy to be loosened by such hands.
Dirigo.

[L.] I direct or guide

the
motto of Maine.
Disjecta membra. [L.] Scattered limbs
or remains.
[nent.
Disdngue. [Fr.] Distinguished emiDistrait.
[Fr.]
Absent in thought.
Divide et impera.
[L.]
Divide and
;

et

have

it,

and you

rule.

critics.

For whose benefit ?

Colloquially but erroneously, of what
[L.]
,

use?

A kitchen cookery.
With a grain
[L.]
with some allowance
privilegio, with privilege.
Curiosa felicitas.
[L.]
A felicitous
[Fr.]

grano

A last resource.

[L.]

it.

salt!

Desunt

may.

volente,

[L.]
A lucky day;
infaustus, an unlucky day;
irss,
day of wrath
non, a day on
which judges do not sit.
Dieu defend le droit. [Fr.] God de-

Crescite,etmultiplicamini. [L.] Grow,

the
or increase, and multiply
motto of Maryland.
Crevasse.
[Fr!]
A deep crevice; a
breach.
Crimen falsi. [L.] Falsehood; perjulassas rnajestatis, high treason.
ry ;
Crux criticorum. [L.] The puzzle of

Cum

Dernier ressort. [Fr.]

Desipere in loco. [L.]
proper time.
is

willing.

fortunate occurrence.

Crede quod habes,

lieve that you

have

God

Dies faustus.

aspect of attractiveness.
d'etat.
[Fr.] A stroke of policy
de grace, a finin public affairs
ishing stroke
de main, a sudden
enterprise or effort
de soleil, a
stroke of the sun.

Coup

it

abandoned women.
Thanks to God;

[L.]

Dolce.

Soft,

[It.]

used in music
;

far

niente, sweet doing-nothing

sweet idleness.
Dominus vobiscum. [L.] The Lord
;

be with you.
Double entente.
[Fr.]
Double meaning a play on words.
Douceur. [Fr.] Sweetness a bribe.
Dramatis personas. [L.]
Characters
represented in a drama.
Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.
[L.]
It is sweet and honorable to
;

die for one's country.

salis.

Dum
we

vivimus, vivamus.
us live.

[L.]

While

live, let

Durante beneplacito
pleasure

[L.]

During good

vita, during
.

life.

tact.

Currente calamo.
[L.]
ning or rapid pen.
Custos rotulorum. [L.]

With a run[rolls.

E.

Keeper of the

Eau

D.
Dal segno.
sign.

De

bonis non. [L.] Of the goods not

facto, from
yet administered on;
gustibus non est
the fact really
disputandum, there is no disputing
jure, from the law
about tastes
mortuis nil nisi bonum,
by right
say nothing but good of the dead
nihilo nihil fit, of nothing nothing
novo, anew;
profundis,
is made;
out of the depths.
;

should

34

Water of life-,
brandy.
Ecce homo. [L.] Behold the man
applied specifically to any picture
representing the Savior given up to
the people by Pilate, and wearing the
crown of thorns
signum, behold
the sign.
de vie.

[Fr.]

Repeat from the

[It.]

Coiffeur.

Comme

A body of men
the
guard-room

[Fr.]

in a

Civilization

diplomatique,
guard-room itself
a diplomatic body.
Corpus delicti. [L.] The substance or
foundation of the offense.
Corrigenda. [L.] Typographical errors
to be corrected.
Couleur de rose. [Fr.] Rose color; an

what

gratias.

juvante, with God's help

knight

of industry one
by persevering fraud,
Chronique scandaleuse. [Fr.] A chronicle of vices and crimes.
Ci-devant. [Fr.] Formerly former.
Circa, or Circiter. [L.] About.
Cito

male society

Deo

?'.

Corps de garde.

of

in Spain, the land of romance

castles in the air.
Chef-d'oeuvre. [Fr.]
masterpiece.
Chire amie.
[Fr.]
dear friend a

Cuisine.

Chateaux en Espagne.

love
earA discourse

Contretemps. [Fr.] An awkward mishap or accident.

Conversazione.
[It.]
A meeting of
company for conversation.
non
Coram nobis. [L.] Before us
judice, before one who is not the
proper judge.
Cordon sanitaire.
[Fr.]
A line of
troops to prevent the spreading of

Cui bono

diplomatic representative at a foreign

court.
Charivari. [Fr.] A
discordant music.

[L.]

to the clergy.
Confrere. [Fr.] A brother; an associate.
Conge d'elire. [Fr.] A leave to elect.

Cotlte

diem.

With

remains.
Carrie

[nestly.

The worthless

[L.]

Account ren-

[Fr.]

report.

pestilence.

The rabble.
Canaille. [Fr.]
female profes[It.]
Cantatrice.
sional singer.
Capias ad respondendum. [L.] You
may take to answer; a writ for
taking and keeping the defendant to
answer the plaintiff in the action.

Caput mortmim.

Con amore. [It.]

Concio ad clerum.

C.

Too much, or toe

[Fr.]

not wanted.
Dehors. [Fr.] Without out of; foreign irrelevant.
Dei gratia. [L.] By the grace of God.
Demi-monde. [Fr.] Disreputable fe-

mind.

Compte rendu.
dered

thunderbolt.

De trop.
many

Of a sound

[L.]

pluribus

many

unum.

[L.]

One out

oi

one composed of many

the motto of the United States.
Editio princeps. [L.] The first edition.
Egalite. [Fr.] Equality.
Eleve. [Fr.] A pupil a foster child.
Elite.
[Fr.]
choice, or select body
of persons.
;

WORDS PHRASES, PROVERBS,

530
Eloge. [Fr.]
Eloignement.

Embonpoint.

funeral oration

[L.]

books a book-worm.
Hiatus valde deflendus.

devourer of

Facile princeps.

iness.

Helluo librorum.

F.

[Fr.]
Estrangement.
[Fr.] Plumpness; flesh-

ETC.

Evidently pre-

[L.]

much

ciency

[L.]

defi-

to be regretted.

Emeute. [Fr.] A riot; a mob.

eminent the admitted chief.
Hie- et ubique.
[L.]
Here and everyEmploye. [Fr.] One who is employed Fait accompli. [Fr.] A thing already
where
jacet, here lies
labor,
by another; a person in service.
done.
hoc opus est, this is labor, this is
En arricre. [Fr.] In the rear;
Faubourg. [Fr.] A suburb.
work.
avant ! forward
deshabille, in Fauteuil. [Fr.] An easy chair.
Hoc age. [L.] Do this
tempore at
;

in a domestic
fin,famille,
at last finally pasin passing
by the way
plein jour in broad day rapport,
in a condition or relation of sympathy regie, in order according to
rules route, on the way suite,
!

undress

state
sant,

in company.
Enciente. [Fr.] Pregnant.
Enfans perdus. [Fr.] Lost children
a forlorn hope.

Enfant gate.
Ennui. [Fr.]
and disgust
Ensemble.

A
;

tedium.

The whole.

[Fr.]

petit placidam sub libertate quietem. [L.] With the sword she seeks
quiet peace under liberty ;
the
motto of Massachusetts.
Entente cordiale. [Fr.]
Evidences of

Ense

will and justice toward each

exchanged by the chief persons of two states.
Entourage. [Fr.] Surroundings ad-

good

other,

juncts,
[table.
Entree. [Fr.]
Entry first course at
Entre nous. [Fr.] Between ourselves.
Entrepdt. [Fr.] A bonded warehouse
Ergo. [L.] Therefore,
[a free port.
Espieglerie.
[Fr.]
Sportive tricks.
Esprit de corps. [Fr.] The animating
spirit of a collective body
des lois,
spirit of the laws.
[ual.
Esto perpetua. [L.] Let it be pernetEst modus in rebus. [L.] There is a
medium in all things.
;

Et cum

spiritu tuo.
[L.]
And with
thy spirit;
id genus omne, and
every thing of the sort
sic de
;

and so of the like

and thou also, Brutus

similibus,

Brute

tation
uno disce omnes, from one
learn all
v i termini, by the meaning or force of the expression.
Excelsior.
[L.]
Higher
more elevated
the motto of New York.
Excerpta.
[L.]
Extracts.
[ample.
Exempli gratia. [L.] By way of ex;

Exeunt. [L.] They go out

all go out.

Experimentum

crucis.

periment of the cross

[L.]
;

Fete rhampetre. [Fr.] A rural festival.

Feu de joie. [Fr.] A firing of guns in
token of joy a bonfire.
Feuilleton.
[Fr.]
Bottom part of a
French newspaper, separated by a
line from the rest, and devoted to

Fiat justitia, ruat calum. [L.] Let

justice be done, though the heavens
fall
lux. let there be light.
Fidei defensor.
[L.]
Defender of the
;

Punica.

Punic

[L.]

Experto crede.
[L.]
Trust one who
has tried, or had experience.
Expose. [Fr.] An exposition.

To erris

[L.]

treachery.

Fidus Achates.

[L.]

i. e., a true friend.

Filius nidlius. [L.] A son of nobody
terra;, one of low birth.
Fille de chambre.
[Fr.]
A chamberde joie, a prostitute.
maid

tes;

Flagrante
[L.]
During hostili delicto, in the commission of
;

bello.

ties

Ich dien.

Id

[Ger.]

I serve.

That

[L.]

est.

is

genus omne,

of that sort.
Ignotum per ignotius.
all

faith;

the crime.

Imprimatur. [L.] Let it be printed

a license to print a book, &c.
Improvvisatore. [It.] An impromptu

poet.

Improvvisatrice.

An impromptu

[It.]

poetess.

commendam, in
trust curia, in the court equiin equilibrium
in being extremis, at the point of
death flagrante
taken in
the fact;
forma pauperis, as a
poor man foro conscientim, before
the tribunal of conscience futuin future henceforth hoc signo vinces. in this sign, or under this
standard, thou shalt conquer;
limine, at the threshold; loco, in
the proper place loco parentis, in
the place of a parent medias
into the midst of things, or
medio tutissimus
you
go
most safely in the middle memoriam, in memory nubibus, in the
perpetuum, forever posclouds
propria
in possible existence;
persona, in person puris naturaliin the matter
bus, quite naked
of rem
against the thing
ssBcula sseculorum for ages on ages

in
original situation;
statu quo, in the former state;
in
terrorem, as a warning
the whole entirely totidem verin so many words transitu,
on the passage usum Delphini,
for the use of the Dauphin
utrumque paratus prepared for either
event vacuo in empty space

In seternum.

Forever;
articulo
mortis, at the point of death in the
[L.]

"With firmness in

Fortiter in re.
acting.

[L.]

Franco.

Post

struggle

last

[It.]

Friseur.

libria,

free.

hair-dresser.

[Fr.]
[L.]
Fusillade.
[Fr.]

esse,

Troy has been.

A simultaneous

Fuit Ilium.

delicto,

dis-

charge of fire-arms.

re,

G.
[L.] In French.
Garcon. [Fr.]
boy, or a waiter.
Garde du corps. [Fr.]
body guard.
Genius loci. [L.] The genius of the

Gallice.

place.

Gens d'armes. [Fr.] Armed police.

Genus irtitabile vatum.
[L.]
The
irritable race of poets.

Germanice.

res,

affairs

will

ibis,

[L.]

se,

In German.

Glebse. ascriptus.
A servant be[L.]
longing to the soil.
Gloria in excelsis. [L.]
Glory to God
in the highest
Patri, glory be to
the Father.
TviaQi aeavTov ( Gnothi seauton). [Gr.]

Know

thyself.

re,

situ,

its

toto,

bis,

H.

The ex-

a decisive ex-

errare.

human.

[L.]
That
which is unknown by something still
more unknown.
Imperium in imperio. [L.] A government within a government.
Faithful Acha-

faith.

Fides

omnes,

periment.

tion to fight.

Humanumest

light literature, criticism, &c.

Fiacre. [Fr.] A hack.

Heartily;
cathedra,
from the bench with high authority
officio, by virtue of his office
parte, on one side only;
pede
Herculem, we recognize a Hercules
from the size of the foot that is, we
judge of the whole from the specimen
post facto, after the deed is
tempore, without premedidone
[L.]

this time.

false step.

suicide.
[Fr.]
married

fornia.

Exanimo.

se.

tu,

Eureka (evprj/ca, hu-re'ka.) [Gr.] I

have found it
the motto of Cali;

A
A

[Fr.]
[F.\

Honisoitquimalypense. [Fr.] Shame

Femme couverte.
A
woon him who evil thinks.
de chambre a chambermaid. Hora e sempre.
man
[It.]
It is always
Ferse naturx.
[L.]
Of a wild nature.
time.
Ftstina iente. [L.] Hasten slowly.
Hors de. combat. [Fr.] Out of condiFelo de

spoiled child.
feeling of weariness

[Fr.]

Faux pas.

Hand passibus

sequis.

equal steps.
Haute nouveaute.

Haut

gout. [Fr.]
elegant taste.

[L.]

Not with
[elty.

[Fr.]

High

great novfine or

flavor

verba magistri jurare, to swear to,

or by, the words of another; to
adopt opinions on the authority of
vino Veritas, there is
another
truth in wine.
;

531

WORDS, PHRASES, PROVERBS, ETC.

Infanta. [Sp.J A princess of the blood
royal in Spain and Portugal.
Any son of the king,
Infante.
[Sp.]
except the eldest, or heir apparent.
Insouciance. [Fr.] Indifference care;

lessness.

Instar omnium.
[L.]
Like all.
Inter alia. [L.] Among other things
nos, between ourselves.
Invito. Minerva. [L.] Without genius.
He himself said it.
Ipse dixit.
[L.]
Ipsissima verba. [L.] The very words.
Ipso facto. [L.] In the fact itself;
jure, by the law itself.

Longo

intervallo.

Lusus

facta
Je ne

est alea.

wis

The

[L.]

quoi.

die

[Ft.]

is

naturae.

[L.]

sport or freak

M.

civile.

By

[L.]

[L.]
:

Civil

divine law.

law

divinum,

est

Malum

is

Veritas, et prevalebit.
[L.]
it will prevail.
[L.]
great work.
[L.]
Great Apollo

mighty, and

in

se.

Mare clausum.

Ill-timed.
In spite of us.
Bad in itself.

[Fr.]
[Fr.]
[L.]
[L.]

closed sea

is

pleasure:

[Fr.]

ments

omnia

vincit,

labor

mega

book

roi et Petal, king and state

devil
roi le veut, the king wills it;
roi
s'avisera, the king will consider or
deliberate.
Lese majeste. [Fr.] High treason.
L'etoile du nord.
[Fr.]
The star of

the north
the motto of Minnesota.
Lettre de cachet. [Fr.] A sealed letter
a royal warrant
de marque, a letter of marque or of reprisal.
Lex loci. [L.] The law of the place
non scriptn, the common law
scripta, statute law
talionis, the
:

law of retr hation.

L'homme
[Fr.]

propose, et Dial
proposes, and

Man

dispose.

God

dis-

poses.

Liaison. [Fr.] An alliance an illicit

connection.
Lite pendente.
[L.]
During trial.
Litera scripta manet. [L.] The written letter remains.
Loco citato.
[L.]
In the place cited.
Locum tenens. [L.] A deputy or substitute a proxy.
Locus in quo.
The place in
[L.]
which
sigilli, place of the seal.
;

evil.

Me judice.

[L.j
[Fr.]
[Fr.]

Memento mori.

taste;

a great

is

tongue.
Latet anguis in herba. [L.] A snake
lies hid in the grass.
Laudator temporis acti. [L.] Apraiser
of time past.
Laus Deo. [L.] Praise to God.
Le beau monde. [Fr.] The fashionable world
diable boiteux, the lame
;

Bad

ko.kov {mega biblikakon). [Gr.]

great

/3i.j3Atoj/, ju.e'ya

Melange.

[Fr.]

honte. false modesty.

Labor itself

Melee.
a riot.

I being judge.

medley.
hand-to-hand fight

lacessit.

No

[L.]

with impunity

Nolens volens.
[L.]
Whether he will
or not.
[me.
Noli me tangere.
[L.]
Don't touch
Nolle prosequi.
[L.]
To be unwilling

Nom

de plume.

[Fr.]

[L.]

death.

Things to be re-

[L.]

pen name

an assumed title;
de guerre, a
war name a traveling title a pseudonym.
Non compos mentis. [L.] Not in
sound mind
constat, it does not
;

appear;
est inventus, he has not
been found
liquet, it is not clear
obstante, notwithstanding
omnia possumus omnes, we can not, all
omnis moriar,
of us, do all things
sequitur,
I shall not wholly die
it does not follow
an unwarranted

Memorabilia.

Bemember

conclusion.

[ber.

Non mi ricordo. [It.] I don't rememmembered.

Mens sana in corpore sano. [L.] A Nosc.e teipsum. [L.] Know thyself.
sound mind in a sound body
Nota
sibi
bene.
[L.]
Mark well.
conscia recti, a mind conscious of Noubliez pas.
[Fr.]
Don't forget.
Nous
verrons.
rectitude.
[Fr.] We shall see.
Messalliance. [Fr.] Improper associa- Novus homo.
[L.]
A new man.
;

tion
marriage with one of lower
station.
et fuum.
[L.] Mine and thine.
Mirabile dictu. [L.] Wonderful to be
told.
Mise en scene. [Fr.] The putting in
preparation for the stage.
Mittimxis. [L.]
send
a writ to
commit an offender to prison.
:

Meum

We

Modus

operandi.

[L.]

Nuance.

[Fr.] Shade gradation tint.

pactum.
[L.]
A contract
;

Nudum

made without any consideration, and

[never.

therefore void.

Nunc aut nunquam.

Manner of op-

semper liberi. [L.] Mountaineers are always freemen

the
motto of West Virginia.
;

Monumentum sere perennius. [L.] A

monument more durable than brass.
Multum inparvo. [L.] Much in little.
Mutatis mutandis. [L.] The necessary
changes being made.
Mutato nomine. [L.] The name being
changed.

N.
[Fr.]

or

0.
Obiit.

[L.]

He, or she,

died.

[L.]
A thing said by
the way, or in passing.
Obsta principiis. [L.] Besist the first
beginnings.
Odium theologicum. [L.] The hatred

of theologians.
GEil de bozuf.
[Fr.]

Ohe ! jam satis.

enough.
Ot TroAAot (Hoi

many
Omnia

[L.]

A bull's
0,

Having native or un-

affected simplicity.

eye.

now

there

[Gr.]

polloi).

is

The

the rabble.

vincit

amor.

[L.]

Love con-

quers all things

vincit labor, labor
overcomes all things.
On dit. [Fr.] They say flying rumor.
Onus probandi.
[L.]
The burden
of proving.
;

Naive.

Now

[L.]

Obiter dictum.

eration.

Montani

No one
dissenti-

to proceed.

Materials or instruemployed (opposed to per-

Materiel.

conquers every thing.

Laissezfaire. [Fr.] Let alone.
Lapsus Ungues.
[L.]
A slip of the

bay.

Meya
[L.]

easy, unceremo-

undress.

nothing
conscire sibi, to be conscious of no fault;
desperandum,
never despair.
Nimporte. [Fr.] It matters not.
Noblesse oblige.
[Fr.]
Bank imposes
obligation much is rightly expected
of one of high birth or station

on,
ipse voluptas.

An

[Fr.]

Magna

Mauvais gout.

Labor

Negligee.

the motto of Scotland.

Nil admirari.
[L.]
To wonder at

sonnel).

L.

Nemo me impune
one wounds me

Malapropos.
Malgrc nous.

divine law
et norma loquendi, the
law and rule of speech
gentium,
law of nations.
Juste milieu. [Fr.] The golden mean.

his last.

Nee. [Fr.] Born as, Madame de Stael,

nee (that is, whose maiden name
was) Necker.

Macte virtute. [L.] Proceed in virtue.

Mafois. [Fr.] Upon my faith.

derer.
Jure divino.

Jus

beyond

one of high authority.

Maisondeville. [Fr.] The town -house.
Maitre d'hdtel. [Fr.] A house-steward.

contradicente.
[L.]
speaking in opposition
ente, no one dissenting.

know not Magnum opus.

Magnus Apollo.

nious attire

what.
Jeu de mots. [Fr.]
A play on words
d'esprit, a witticism.
a pun
Jupiter tonans. [L.] Jupiter the thun;

Naivete. [Fr.] Native simplicity.

Ne plus ultra. [L.] Nothing further
quid nimis, not any thing too
sutor xdtra cremuch or too far
pidam, let not the shoemaker go

Nemine

Truth

cast.

or with
[ment.

of nature.

J.

By

[L.]

long interval.

Lucidus ordo. [L.] A clear arrange[L.]

A jeu
Lucus a non lucendo.
d'esprit in etymology, which, assuming that Incus, a dark wood or grove,
is derived from the verb lucere, to
shine, supposes it must be d non
lucendo, from its not being light.

532

WORDS, PHRASES, PROVERBS, ETC.

Ora e sempre.
Orapro nobis.

[It.]

Now and

[L.]

Pray

always.

Pitt.

Otium cum

port

Pot-pourri.

Hearsay.
Outre.
Out of the
course; extravagant.
Ouvrier.

[Fr.]

common
[san.

A workman

an

arti-

[Fr.]

hotch-potch

medley.

chevalier. [Fr.]
brave knight.
Prima facie. [L.] On the first view.
Primus inter pares. [L.] Chief among

equals.
Principia,

non homines.
not men.

ples,

Princi-

[L.]

mashed paper a hard substance

made of a pulp from rags or paper.
;

For example
Par exemple.
[Fr.]
excellence, by way of eminence.
Pari passu. [L.] With equal pace.
[L.]
Par nobile fratrum.
A noble
two just alike.
pair of brothers
;

Parole d'honneur.
honor.
Particeps criminis.

Word

[Fr.]

of

[plice.

[L.]

An accom-

Parva componere magnis.

compare small things with

To

[L.]

great.

[Fr.]
An upstart one
Parvenu.
newly risen into notice.
[Fr.]
Step by step.
Pas d pas.
out of use
Passe.
[Fr.]
Past
faded worn out.
;

and

et focis.
firesides
;

For our

[L.]

altars

bono publico, for the

con, for and

et
public good
against
forma, for the sake of
form
hac vice, for this turn or
rata, in proportion;
occasion;
re nata, for a special emergency
tempore, for
tanto, for so much;
the time.
Proces verbal. [Fr.] A written state-

ment,

[vulgar.

[L.]
The profane
0, for shame.
Propria quse maribus.
Those
[L.]
things which are appropriate or peculiar to males or men, or to husbands.
Lery.

Profanum vulgus.

Prohpudor.

[L.]

Punica fides.

Reductio ad absurdum.
A re[L.f
ducing a position to an absurdity.
Regnant populi.
[L.]
The peoplo
rule;
the motto
of Arkansas.

[Properly, Regnat populus.]

infecta.
The business being
[L.J
unfinished.
Religio loci. [L.] The religious spirit
of the place.
Renommee. [Fr.] Renown fame.
Requiescat in pace.
[L.] May he rest
in peace.
Res angusta dom.i. [L ] Narrow circumstances at home poverty.
Respice finem, [L.] Look to the end.
;

Resume.

Pro aris
[L.]
Let
qui meruit ferat.
him who has won it bear the palm.
[Fr.]
Chewed or
Papier machee.

avis. [L.]
rare bird.
Recueil.
[Fr.]
Collection.

Resist the first

[L.]

beginnings.

Palmam

Rara

Re

Principiis obsta.

P.

Bridge of asses.
After death;

[L.]
[L.]

obitum after death.

Preux

prop.

Pons asinorum.
Post mortem.

Oui

[Fr.]
[Fr.]

full authority.

A net-work web.
Poco d poco. [It.] Little by little.
Poeta nascitur, non fit.
[L.]
The
poet is born, not made.
Point d'appui.
[Fr.]
Point of sup-

dignitate.
[L.]
Ease
with dignity dignified leisure.
Oubliette.
[Ft.]
Dungeon of a castle.
dire.

With

[L.]
[L.]

Plexus.

More.

[It.]

Plena jure.

for us.

Orator fit, poeta nascitur. [L.] The

orator is made, but the poet is born.
Ore rotundo.
[L.]
With round, full
voice
tenus, as far as the mouth.
O! si sic omnia. [L.]
that he had
always done or spoken thus.
O tempora ! O mores! [L.]
the
times
the manners

[L.]

Punic faith

A summing up

[Fr.]

return to our sheep;

to

rise again.
[Fr.] Let us
let us returu

our subject.

Rifacimento.
[][t.]
Renewal re-establishment.
Robe de chambre.
[Fr.]
A dressinggown or morniing-gown.
Rouleau. [Fr.] A little roll.
Rudis indigestaque moles. [L.]
A
rude and undigested mass.
Ruse de guerre. [Fr.] A stratagem of
war.
;

Rus

The country in town

in urbe. [L.]

treach-

re-

capitulation.

Resurgam. [L.] I shall

Revenons d nos mnutons.

S.

Passe-partout. [Fr.] A master-key.

[Fr.]
Pate de foie gras.
Goose-liver
[family.
pie.
[L.]
The father of a
Paterfamilias.

Pater noster. [L.] Our Father the

Lord's prayer;
patrise, father of
his country.
Patois.
[Fr.]
Dialect of the lower
;

classes.

Patres conscripti.
[L.]
Conscript fathers the Roman senators.
Peccavi. [L.] I have sinned.
Peine forte et dure.
[Fr.]
Strong
and severe punishment.
Penchant. [Fr.] Inclination liking.
Pendente lite. [L.] Pending the suit.
Pensee. [Fr.] Thought.
Per annum. [L.] By the year
cap;

ita, by the head

centum, by the
hundred contra, contrariwise
diem, by the day;
se, by itself
;

Perdu.

[Fr.]
Lost.
Personnel.
[Fr.]
Body

of

persons

comb.
[L.]
A begging of
the question.
Peu-d-peu. [Fr.] Little by little.
Pen de chose. [Fr.] A trifle.
Piece de resistance. [Fr.] A solid joint.
Pirouette.
[Fr.] A whirl on the toes,
as in dancing.

Petit io principii.

[Fr.]

The

Salon.

Quantum
please;

mutatus ab illo.! how

changed from what he was
sufdeserved;

ficit,

a sufficient quantity

last shift.

iris,

as

[Fr.]
[Fr.]

pany

So far as

in so far as.
libet.
[L.] As much as you
meruit, as much as he

[L.]

An apartment

Savoir faire.

[L.]

He who does a thing by the agency

of another, does it himself.
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
[L.]
Who shall guard the guards themselves ?
transtulit, sustinet.

emony

He who

Quod erat demonstrandum. [L.]

Which was to be demonstrated
;

which see.
Quos Deus vult per d'ere, prius dementat.
[L.]
Those whom God wishes
to destroy, he first makes mad.

[Fr.]

Without

cer-

peur et sans reproche, without fear and without reproach.

Sartor resartus.
[L.]
The cobbler
;

[Fr.]

Save himself

can.
[Fr.]

Ability;

vivre,

good breeding.

magnatum.

Defamatory speech or writing to the

Scandalum

[L.]

injury of persons of dignity.

Scire facias.

[L.]

the
transplanted, still sustains
motto of Connecticut.
Qui vive? [Fr.] Who goes there?
hence, on the qui vive, on the alert.
Quoad hoc. [L.] To this extent.
Quo animo ? [L.] With what mind or
jure. ?
intention ?
By what right ?

vide,

Sans cercmonie.

who
se.

com-

holies.

mended.
Sauve qui peut.

for
;

do you laugh ?
Qui facit per alium facit per

hall.

a fashionable party or fashionable society.

Salus populi suprema est lex. [L.] The
welfare of the people is the supreme
law
the motto of Missouri.
Sanctum sanctorum.
[L.]
Holy of

much as you will.

Quasi.
[L.]
As if in a manner.
Quelque chose.
some[Fr.] A trifle
thing any thing.
Quid pro quo. [L.] One thing for anrides ? why
other an equivalent

employed in some public service.

Petit maltre. [Fr.]
dandy ; a cox-

Pisaller.

Q.
Qua.

Qui

considered.

Salle.

[L.]

Cause

it

to

be

known
Seance.

[Fr.]

Secundum
to rule

sitting or session.

art em.

[L.]

According

naturam, according to tho

ordinem, in or-

course of nature

der.

Always
felix.
fidelis,
always faithful; idem,

Semper

[L.]

fortunate

paratus, alsame;
the
ways ready.
Senatus consultum.
[L.]
A decree
of the Senate.
Se non e vero, c ben trovato. [It.] If
not true, it is well feigned.

always

;;

WORDS, PHRASES, PROVERBS, ETC.

Words a

Sesquipedalia verba. [L.]

and a half long.
Sic itur ad astra.
[L.]
way to immortality

Such

is

foot

the

passim, so
semper tyrannis,e\er
;

everywhere;

so to tyrants (the motto of Virginia)

transit gloria mundi, so
vos non
passes away earthly glory
vobis, thus you do not labor for
yourselves.
patriSicut ante.
[L.]
As before
bus, sit Deus nobis, as God was with
our fathers, so may he be with us.
Similia similibus curantur. [L.] Like
;

things are cured hy like.

Si monnmentum quseris, circum spice
[L.] If you seek his monument, look

around.
Simplex munditiis.

Of simple

[L.]

elegance.

Sine

ed

is,

Vse victis. [L.] Woe to the

Vale.
[L.]
Farewell.
Valet de chambre.
[Fr.]

the great

rious authors.
Veni, vidi, vici.

tion.

things

all

Vetturo.
[It.]
Vetturino.
[It.]
Vexata qusestio.

an unknown

country.

Via.

The

third estate

He lightly upon thee.

Soubrette. [Ft.] An intriguing

Stans pedeinuno.
one foot.

As often

ccelo. [L.] By the whole heavens;

diametrically opposite.
Entirely
au
Tout-d-fait.
[Fr.]
contraire, on
the contrary
ensemble, the whole taken together.

Toto

[L.]
Let it stand.
Suaviter in ?nodo, fortiter in re. [L.]
Gentle in manners, but resolute in
deed
Sub judice.
[L.]
Under consideration
rosa, under the rose; pri:

vately.

Sui generis.

Of its own kind]

[L.]

juris, in one's

Summurn

own

right.

bonurn.

[L.]

chief

Suum

[L.]

cuique.

By
[L.]

his

own

strength.

Let each have his

own.

inertise,

of inertia
resistance
vigor of life.

the power
vitse, the

Una voce. [L.] With one voice.

Uno animo. [L.] With one mind;
unanimously.
Usque ad aras.

Vox,

ing faith.
Ubi supra. [L.]

Superabound-

[L.]

[tioned.

argument of
utmost limit.

Utile dulci.

Where above men[L.] The last

Thule,
kings
war

Ultima ratio regum.

are.
[L.]

To the very

ad nauseam, to disgust.
[L.]
The useful with the

pleasant.
Ut infra.
[L.]
as above stated.

As below;

prseterea nihil.

et

and nothing more

A voice,
populi,
vox
[L.]

Dei, the voice of the people is the

voice of God.
Vraisemblance.
Appearance of
[Fr.]

supra,

truth.

Zonam

Tantum

The bond

[L.]

Uti possidetis. [L.] As you

state ofj present possession.

Tabula rasa.
tablet.
Tant pis.

Vitam impendere vero. [L.] To stake

one's life for the truth.
Vivat regina.
[L.]
Long live the
queen
rex, long live the king.
Viva voce. [L.] By the living voice
by oral testimony.
Vive la republique. [Fr.] Long live the
republic
la bagatelle ! success to
trifling;
le. roi, long live the king.
Voild. [Fr.] Behold there is, or there

Uberrima fides.

altars

The

good.

Suo Marte.

of marriage.
acquirit eundo.
[L.]
She acquires strength in her progress.
Vis d vis.
[Fr.]
Opposite facing.
Vis a tergo.
[L.]
A propelling force

Statu quo ante bellum.

Stet,

of.

Vires

U.

name.
[L.]
In the
which was before the war.
Status quo. [L.] The state in which.

way

stands

state

the

[L.]

from behind

magni nominis umbra. [L.] He

the shadow of a mighty

A hackman.
[L.]
A disputed

Vinculum matrimonii.

as.

By

[L.]

words.
[L.]

is

hack.

Vide ut supra. [L.] See what is stated

above.
[by main force.
Vi et armis. [L.] By force and arms
Vincit amor patriae. [L.] Love of country prevails
omnia Veritas, truth
conquers all things.

{prepon), the proper or becoming.

verbis. [L.] In just so many

Toties quoties.

for

word

[L.]
A middle course.
In the place of;
versa),
the terms being exchanged.

Totidem

woman.
Standing on

[L.]

Via media.
Vice.

[Fr.]

Word

[L.]

question.

Tertium quid.
[L.]
A third something a nondescript.
Tiers-etat.

attend-

came, I saw,

word and letter for letter.

Verbum sat sapienti. [L.]
enough for a wise man.

fugit, time

flies.

incognita,

[L.]

1 conquered.
Verbatim et literatim.

Terr& films. [L.] A son of the earth

that is, a human being.
Terra firma. [L.] Solid earth a safe
footing

An

Tempora mutantur, et nos mutamur

in Mis. [L.] The times are changed,
and we are changed with them.
Time the
[L.]
Tempus erlaz rerum.
devourer of

vanquished.

ant a footman.
Varioivm notse. [L.] The notes of va-

J"L.]

condition.
Si quceris peninsulam am.se.nam, circumspice.
[L.]
If thou seekest a
beautiful peninsula, behold it here
the motto of Michigan.
Sit tibi terra levis. [L.] May the earth

Sta*

carpet also, the cover

Tapis. [Fr.]
of a council-table hence, to be on
the tapis is to be under considera-

commons or commonalty.
Without charge or
The
die, without a day appoint- To
kol\6v (To kalon). '[Gr.]
beautiful
qua non, an indispensable
the chief good
npeirov

curd.

care
-

merely saw Virgil (that

man).

533

[L.]

smooth or blank

solvere.

[Fr]

So much the worse.

vidit Virgiiium.

[L.]

He

[L.]

To

loose the vir-

gin zone.

Vade mecum.
[L.]
Go with
constant companion.

me

a
-

[Ger.]
union among
the German states for the collection
of custom-house duties.

Zollverein.

THE METRIC SYSTEM

OF

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

MEASURES OF LENGTH.
EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE.

METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES.

Myriameter

10,000 meters,

6.2137 miles.

1,000 meters,

0.62137 mile, or 3280 feet and 10 inches.

Kilometer

328 feet and 1 inch.

100 meters,

Hectometer

393.7 inches.

10 meters,

Dekameter

39.37 inches.

1 meter,

Meter
Decimeter

Centimeter

i$ of a meter,

3.937 inches.

of a meter,

0.3937 inch.

of a meter.

0.0394 inch.

-j^-g-

Millimeter

MEASURES OF SURFACE.
METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES.

EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE.

10,000 square meters,

Hectare

Are

2.471 acres.

100 square meters,

119.6 square yards

1 square meter,

1,550 square inches.

Centare

MEASURES OF CAPACITY.
METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES.
No. of

Names.

1,000

1 cubic meter

100 -Jq of a cubic meter

Hectoliter

Dekaliter
Liter

Cubic Measure.

liters.

Kiloliter, or Stere

10 10 cubic decimeters
1

EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE.

1 cubic decimeter

1.308 cubic yards

2 bushels and 3.35 pecks

Centiliter
Milliliter

.
.

264.17 gallons.

26.417 gallons.

9-08 quarts

2.6417 gallons.

0.908 quart

1.0567 quarts.

of a cubic decimeter
To JL
10
Too 10 cubic centimeters
YoVo 1 cubic centimeter

Deciliter

Liquid or Wine
Measure.

Dry Measure.

0.845

6.1022 cubic inches

0.6102 cubic inch

gill

0.338 fluid oz.

0.27 fluid dram.

0.061 cubic inch

WEIGHTS.

DENOMEQUIVALENTS
INATIONS IN USE.

METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES.

Number

Names.
Millier or

Quintal

Tonneau

Myriagram
Kilogram or Kilo

Gram

1 cubic meter

1,000,000

....

1 hectoliter

10,000 10 liters
1,000

1 liter

100

Hectogram

Dekagram

Weight of what quantity of water

100,000

of

grams.

maximum

density.

Avoirdupois Weight.

2,204
!20.46

.......

......

pounds.
pounds.

22.046 pounds.
2.2046 pounds.
3.5274 ounces.

1 deciliter

10 10 cubic centimeters
1 1 cubic centimeter

at

0.3527 ounce.
15.432 grains.

Decigram

^j- of a cubic centimeter

1.5432 grains.

Centigram

10 cubic millimeters

0.1543 grain.

1 cubic millimeter

0.0154 grain.

Milligram

[000

<<j3*>

ABBREVIATIONS
USED IN

WRITING AND PRINTING

Adjective
noon; Acre.

or a.

a.,or@.
In

After-

To

or at.
(Ana., Gr. ava.)

{Art.)

or aa.

a.,

meet.,

Of each the same

quantity.

Att., or Atty. Attorney.

Atty. Gen. Attorney General.
A. U. C.(Ab Urbe Condi ta.)
In the year from the building of the city, i. e. Rome.
Aug. August.
Aur. (Aurum.) Gold.
Avoir. Avoirdupois.

Credit
C. C. P. Court of
tra

C
Ce.

Abbreviated.
A. B. C. F. M. American
Board of Commissioners
for Foreign Missions.
Ablative.

Abp. Archbishop.
A. C. (Ante Christum.) Before Christ.

Accusative.
Ace, or Acct. Account.
Act., or act. Active.
Ace.

In

the year of our Lord.

Ad., or adv. Adverb.

(Ad

Born.
British America
B. A.
Bachelor of Arts.

Barium.

Ba.

Balance.
Bar. Barleycorn Barrel.
Bart., or Bt. Baronet.
Bal.

Law.
B. D. Bachelor of Divinity.
Bd. Bond-, Bound.
Bds. (Bound in) Boards.

Bismuth.
Bible

Adm. Admiral

Admiralty.

Boron

Bp.

Bishop.

Ag. (Argentum.)

Agent.
AL, or Ala. Alabama.
Alex. Alexander.
A. M. (Artium Magister )
Master of Arts.
(Ante
Meridiem.) Before noon.
-~-(Anno Mundi.) In the
year of the world.
Agt.

American.
American.

Amt. Amount.
Anon. Anonymous.
Ans.
Antiq.

c.

or Cap.

Cent

Cal.

Centime.
Caput.) Chap;

tronomy

Calcium.
California

(Calendse.)

Cant. Canticles.
Cap.
Capital.
(Caput.)
Chapter.
Capt. Captain.
C. A. S. ( Connecticuttensis
Academies Sociaz.) Fellow
of the Connecticut Acad-

emy.
Sun-

Calendar.
Calends.

Cat. Catalogue.
Cath. Catholic.

hundred.

Cents.
Ca. (Cuprum.) Copper.
Cwt., or cwt.
(Lat. Cenlish weight.)
A
weight.
Cyc. Cyclopaedia.

hundred

CM.
C.

D.
;

Cleared.

M. Common
;

Daw.

Meter.

Company

Denarius or de(
A penny, or penceDanish Daniel.
;

Dat. or dat. Dative.

D. C. District of Columbia.
(Da Capo.) Again, or
from the beginning.
D. C. L. Doctor of Civil
,

spoonful.
O. D. Cash (or Collect)
on Delivery.
Colossians.
Col. Colonel
College;
Collector
Coll.
Colleague.
Coin. Commissioner; Com-

(or Canon) Law.

D. D. (Divinitatis Doctor.)

Doctor of Divinity.
S. Doctor of Dental

D. D.

Surgery.

modore Committee Commerce Commentary Common.

Camp. Compare; ComparaCompound.
tive
Con. (Contra.) Against; In

Dea.

opposiion.
Con. or Cr. Contra Credit.
Cong. Congress.
Conj. Conjunction.
Conn., Con., or Ct. Connec-

Del. Delaware Delegate.

(Delineavit.)
Del., or del.
He, or she, drew it
prefixed to the draughtsman's

Ca.

Antiquities.

day School Union-

Farewell.

ter.

Answer.

Asst. Assistant.
A. S. S. IT. American

(Centum.)

Centum.)

Britain British.
Brother.

B. V. (Beata Virgo.) Blessed Virgin.

(Bene Vale.)

C,

Apo. Apogee.
Apr. April.
A. R. (Anno Regni.) Year
of the reig-n.
Arith.
Arithmetic.
Ark. Arkansas.
As. Arsenic Arkansas As;

Bro.

County

gree.
narii.)

Brit.

Cts., or cts.

Br. Brother Bromine.

Brig. Brigade Brigadier.
Brig.- Gen. Brigadier - Gen-

C.Carbon.
hundred

rine.

eral.

Silver

CI.

Cock., or Cochl. (Cochleare.)

Borough.

Didymium.
D., or d. Day Died Dime
Clergyman Clerk ChloDaughter
Deputy
De-

C.

Barrel.

Bl.

Bor.

Administratrix.
Adv. Advocate advent.
JE.,vcJEt. (Miatis.) Of age;
aged.

Court.
or ct. Cent.

Ct.,

D.

Civ. Civil.
C. J. Chief Justice.

Cobalt
County.

Bachelor of Laws.

Admr. Administrator.

Connecticut

Ct.

Citation; Citizen.

Cit.

Co.

Biography.

Biog.

B. L.

tum, a hundred, and Eng-

Chemistry.
Chr. Christopher Christian.
C/iron.
Chronicles
Chronology.

Biblical.

Criminal Con-

Con.

versation, or Adultery.
Cs. Caesium.
Court of Sessions
C. S.
Clerk to the Signet. ( Custos Sigilli. ) Keeper of the
Seal.

B. C. Before Christ.
B. C. L. Bachelor of Civil

Bi.
Bib.

Ch. Church; Chapter.

Chal. Chaldron.
Chap. Chapter.
;

Barrel, barrels.

Bbl.

Crim.

A
Cus-

Chem.

Admx.

Amer.

Com-

Confer. )

H. Court-house;
tom-house.

At Bk. Bank; Book.

libitum.)

pleasure.

Am. Amos

C.

b.

Be. (Beryllium.) Glucinum.

Benj. Benjamin.

(Anno Domini.)

lib.

pare.

Abbr.

Ad

E. Civil Engineer.
Cerium.
Centum.) A hundred.

Cf. or cf.

General.

A. A. S. (Aca'l finite Americans Socius.) Fellow of

the American Academy.
A. B. (Artium Baccalaureus. ) Bachelor of Arts.

A. D.

Common

Cadmium.

Cd.

Cent.

Abl.

Pleas.

A. or Ans. Answer.
A. A. G. Assistant Adjutant

County CommissionCounty Court; Con-

C. C.
er;

Constable

Consti-

tution.
Cor. Corinthians.
Cor. Mem.
Corresponding

Member.
Cor. Sec. Corresponding Secretary.
Cos. Cosine.
Court of Probate
C. P.
Common Pleas.
C. P. S. ( Custos Privati Si;

gilli.)

Keeper of the Privy

Seal.
Cr. Credit

mium.

Def. or def. Definition.

Deft. Defendant.
Deg., or deg.
Degree, de,

grees.
;

Creditor

Chro-

name.

Dem.

ticut.

Const.

Deacon.

Dec December; Declination.

Democrat

Demo-

cratic.

Deputy Department.
Dept
Department
DepoDep.

nent.

Deut. Deuteronomy.
Dft., or dft. Defendant.
D. G. (Dei Gratia.) By
the grace of God.
Di. Didymium.
Diam., or diam. Diameter.
Diet. Dictionary.
Disct. Discount.
Dist. District.
Dist. Atty. District Attor

ncy.
(635'

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING AND PRINTING.

536

Dividend Division
Div.
Divide Divided Divisor.
:

F. A. S.

Fellow of the SoFellow of

tue Antiquarian Society.
Fcp. or fcp. Foolscap.
Fe. (Ferrum.) Iron.
Feb. February.
Fee. (Fecit.)
He (or she)

ciety of Arts

D. M. Doctor of Music.
The
Do. or do. (Ditto.)
same.
or dols. Dollars.
Doz., or doz. Dozen.
D. P. Doctor of Philosophy.
Dots.

Dr. Debtor

D.

Doctor

From

the Sign.

Dakota Territory.

Z). T.

(Doctor Theologise,.) Doctor of Divinity.

D.

(Deo

V.

God

Volente.)

Denarius and
English weight.) Penny-

ety.
Fri.
Friday.
F. R. S. Fellow of the

weight.

E.
E.

East; Earl; Erbium.

Each.

.a.

tes

Ecclesiasticus.
Editor; Edition.

Ed

E. E. Errors excepted
e.

English.
g. (exempli gratia.)

Ells

India.
E. I. C.

Eor

G.
Genitive
Guide.

East India Com-

E. Eon. East longitude.

E. N. E. East-North-East.
Eng. England English.
Engin. Engineering.
Eph. Ephesians Ephraim.
Esd. Esdras.
E. S. E. East-South -East.
Esq.,ov Esqr. Esquire.
;

(e,t

And others.
Etc., etc., or Ifc.

(Et

cseteri,

or car.tera.)
others: and so' forth.
cseteras,

et

And

sequentes, or et
sequentia. ) And the followseq.

(et

Example

Exodus.
ExcepExcellency

Exc.

Gr.

Great

Gr., or gr.

(Id

same.
est.)

That

I.

ST* This was originally

written IH2, and intended
as an abbreviation of 'IH20 Y2, the Greek form of
the word Jesus. The Greek H
(eta) having
for the Latin

been mistaken

(aitc)i),

and

Greek Gross.
Grain, grains.

Imp. Imperial Emperor.

inches.
In. Inch
Un(incognito.)
incog.
known.
Inf.. or inf.

Infinitive.

Iowa.

Io.

.,

France
Fellow
Friday Fluorine Feminine
Franc Florin Farthing

F.

Foot.

Fahr
Far.

hours.

an acowe you
knowledgment fcr money.
q. (idew. quod.) The same
U. 1

as
Is.,
Isl.

It.,

or Isa. Isaiah.
or isl. Islan 1.
or Ital. Itai m; Italic.

tannic Majesty.

H.

C.

olic

Fahrenheit.
Farriery Farthing.

i.

O. O. F. Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

M. His

(or Her) Cath-

J.

Majesty.

Hdkf. Handkerchief.

J.

Hebr. Hebrew

J.

Hebrews.

Judge.
A. Judge Advocate.

Latin

Lord Low

-,

Lake Line.
A
or lb. (Libra.)
pound, in weight.
L, or . A pound ster-

La.

Interjection.

Lithium

/.

of Malta.
Knight.

Ky.

L. Lady

[or Judseorum].) Jesus of

Nazareth, King of the
Jews.

Hab. Habakkuk.
Hag. Haggai.
H. B. C. Hudson's Bay
Company.
H. B. M. His (or Her) Bri-

Ky.

N. R. I. (Iesus [or Jesus]

Nazarenus, Rexludseorum

I.

Kings.

M. Knight

Knt., or Kt.

L.,

Interj.

Ki.

outset.

Instant.
Int., or int. Interest.

H.

or Ky. Kentucky.
K. G. Knight of the Garter.
K. G. C. Knight of the
Grand Cross: Knight of
the Golden Circle.

(In limine.) At the

In Urn.

inst.

H. Hydrogen.
H.. or h. High; Height
Harbor Husband Hour,

Ken

Indiana.

Ind.

King's Bench.
C. King's Council.
C. B. Knight Commander of the Bath.

K.
K.

K.

Illinois.
;

(KaliK. King Knight.

um.) Potassium.
Kan. Kansas.
K. B. Knight of the Bath
;

e.

Ulriusque

(Juris

(/. e.,

H. S. (lesus [or Jesus]

Hominum Salvaior.) Jesus the Savior of Men.

III.

tion.

Exch. Exchequer Exchange.

Exec. or Exr. Executor.
Execx. Executrix.
Exod. Exodus.
Ez or Ezr. Ezra.
Ezek. Ezekiel.

i.

Junior.

D.

U.

J.

Doctor of Both
the Canon and
the Civil Law).
Jud. Judith.
Judg. Judges.
Jul. July
Julius.
Juv ., Junr. Junior.
In the J. W. Junior "Warden.

iS.

fice.

ing.

Ex.

or

Roy-

Laws

Iodine; Island.
Indiana.
(Ibidem.)

2. e.,

Judge of the Pro-

bate.
Jr., or jr.

a Latin S substituted for the

Greek 2, the three letters
were supposed to be the initials of three separate words.

Genitive Generally.
Gent. Gentlemen.
Geo. George.
Geog. Geography.
Ger., or Germ. German.
Gov. Governor.
G. M. Grand Master.
G. P. O. General Post-Of-

Grand

Doctor.)

same place.
Id. (Idew.) The

else-

or aliie.)

(et alii,

or

G. W.
Junior
Warden.
Jno. John.
Jona. Jonathan.
J.

J. Prob.

lb., Ibid.

And

alibi.)

la.

G. C. Grand Chapter.
G. C. B. Grand Cross of
the Bath.
Gen.
Genesis
General

Esther.

al.

where.

1.

et

Ship,

Highness.

al

guineas
G., or g. Guinea
Gulf.
Ga. Georgia.
Gal. Galatians.
Gal. or gal. Gallon, gallons.
G. B. Great Britain.

Electricity.

Esth.

Glucinum

Law.

Jeremiah.

Jer.

atives.

G.

pany.
Elec.

History.

Hund. Hundred.

example.
E. I. East Indies, or East

Civil

tor of Laws.

Doctor of

D. (Jurum Doctor.) Doc-

J.

H. R. E. Holy Roman Em-

Royal

F. S. A. Fellow of the Society of Arts.

Fort.
Ft., or ft. Foot, feet
Fth. Fathom.
Fur., or fur. Furlong.
Fut., or fut. Future.

Ecclesiastical.

tor.

Hon. Honorable.
Jos. Joseph.
Hos. llosea.
Josh. Joshua.
H. R. House of Represent- J. P. Justice of the Peace.

Ecclus.

Julius Caesar.
(Juris Civilis Doc.

D.

J. C.

pire (or Flmperor).

R. H. His (or Her)

Royal Society of Literature Fellow of the Royal

Society, London.

E. C. Eastern Central (Postal District, London).

Eccl., or Eccles. Ecclesias-

Clerk

tice

F. R. S. E. Fellow of the
Royal Society, Edinburgh.
F. R. S. L. Fellow of the

Eb. Erbium.

Jesus Christ; Jus-

C.

J.

cury.

esty's Steamer,
Service.

Society.

Mer-

H. M. His (or Her) Majesty.

H. M. S. His (or Her) Maj-

January.
James.

Jan.
J'is.

H. G. Horse Guards.
Had. or hhd. Hogshead.
H. I. H. His (or Her) ImHist.

French.
Fellow of the
F. R. G. S.
Royal Geographical Soci-

willing.
(Lat.
Dwt.

Honorable East

Hydrargyrum

perial Highness.

C.

I.

India Company.

Hy.

it.

Few.., or few. Feminine.

Fig. ovfig. Figure, figures
Figuratively.
Fir., or fir. Firkin.
Flor. Florida.
Fo., or Fol. Folio.
Fr.
France
Francis

Dram.

(Dal Segno.)

S.

made

H. E.

lb.,

ling.

Lanthanum.
Law. Lamentations.
Lat. Latin.
Lat., or. lat. Latitude.
Lb., lb., or lb. (Libra.) A
pound in weight.
L. C. Lower Canada Lord
Chancellor.
;

1.

loco citaLower case.

In the place before
to.)

c.

cited.

L. C. J. Lord Chief Justice

Ld. Lord.
Ldp., or Lp. Lordship.
Lea., or lea. League.
Leg., or Legis Legislature

Lev. Leviticus.
L. I. Long Island; Light
Infantry.
Lithium
X/i., or L.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING AND PRINTING.

MM. Their Majesties.

lib., or lb. (Liber.) Book.

Lieut., or Lt. Lieutenant.

as in the present instance, to

signify the plural.

(Legum Doctor.)
LL.D.
Doctor of Laws. See L L. B.
Lon., Long. Longitude.
Lou., or La. Louisiana.
Lp., or Ldp. Lordship.
Left side.
(Locus
L. S.
Sigilli. ) Place of the Seal.
L. S. D., or I. s. d. (Libra,
Solidi, Denarii.)
Shillings, Pence.

Lt.,ov Lieut.

Gentlemen.

sieurs.)

(Legum BaccalauBachelor of Laws.

G@=-The initial letter of a
word is sometimes doubled,

Pounds,

See

LL.B.

LL.B.

reus.

Mes-

Mme. Madame.
Mn. Manganese.

Mo. Missouri Molybdenum.

Mo., or mo. Month.
Mod. Modern.
Mon., or Mond. Monday.
Mons. Monsieur, or Sir.
Mos., or mos. Months.
;

M. P. Member of
ment Member of
M. P. P. Member
;

ParliaPolice.

of the
Provincial Parliament.
Master, or Mister.
M. R. I. Member of the

Mr.

Mrs.

See

Military

A.

or Mountain.
Mus. D. Mus. Doc
or
Doctor of
Mus. Doct.
,

Scotia

New

Style (since 1752).

New

N. T.

Num.

or

Testament.

Numb. Numbers.

N. W.

London).
N. Y. New York.
trict,

shipful

Grand Master.

Academy

Master of Arts.
or Macr. Maccabees.

Madm. Madam.

MT.

N.

Mag. Magazine.

Noon

North

Name New
;

Note

Nitrogen.

Noun; Neuter;

Died.

Obadiah.

Obj., or obj. Objective;

jection.

Ob-

Ps., Psalm, or Psalms.

Ft.
Pint Part Payment

Oxon.

setts.

Matt.

Matthew.

M. B. (Medici n& Baccalaureus.) Bachelor of Medicine.

W. C. Member of Congress ;

Master of Ceremonies
Master Commandant.

M. D.

(Medicinal Doctor.)
Doctor of Medicine.

Md. Maryland.
Mademoiselle.

Mdlle.

Mechanical
Most Excellent.

or

Engineer
Me. Maine.
;

sieurs.)

See

or

MM.

(Mes-

Gentlemen;

Sirs.

LL.B.

Meth.

London)

trict,

New Eng-

land.
Neb. Nebraska.

Nem.

Nehemiah.
Con.
(Nomine Con-

iradicente,)

No one

con-

tradicting
unanimously.
Diss. (Nemine Dissentiente.) No one dissenting.
Neut., or neut. Neuter.
;

Historical Society
Member of the Historical So;

ciety.
Mississippi.

Mi.

Mic. Micah.
Mick.
Michigan
mas.

N. F. Newfoundland.
N. H. New Hampshire.
Nickel.
N. J. New Jersey.
N. I., or n. I. (Non liquet.)
It appears not the case is
;

not clear.

N. Lat. North Latitude.

N. E. North-North-East.
N. N. W. North-North- West.
_ZVb. Norium.
No. or no. (Numero.) Num-

JV.

Michael-

Mid. Midshipman.
Min., or min. Minute

ber.
;

min-

Nom., or nom. Nominative.

Non

utes.

Minn. Minnesota.

Participle.
Passive.

Pros., or Non pros.

Prosequitur.)
He

(Non

Penn. Pennsylvania.
Per an. or per an. ( Per annum. ) By the year.
Per cent., per cent.. Per ct.,
orperct. (Per centum.) By
the hundred.
P. G. Past Grand.
(Philosophic DocPA. D.
tor.) Doctor of Philosophy.

Phil.

Philip

Philosophy

Philippians

Miss.

Mississippi.

does

Mile.

Mademoiselle.

judgment entered against Ph.,ovpk. Peck.

not prosecute

Philemon.

Philadelphia.
Pkilom. (Philomathes.) Lover of learning.
Pinx., pinx., or Pxt , pxt.
(Pinxit.)
He,
or she,
Phila.

painted

it.

script.

Platinum Point Port.

Pub. Public; Publisher.
Public DocuFub. Doc.
ments.
Pict., or pivt. Pennyweight.
Pxt. or pxt. (pinxt.) He, or
she, painted it.
;

Q,
Question.
Q.
Q. or Qu. Query
,

Question

Queen.
Q. B. Queen's Bench.
Queen's Council.
Q. C.
Q. d.,or q. d. ( Quasi dicat.)

As

Pb. (Plumbum.) Lead.

P. B. (Philosophise BaccaBachelor of Philaures.)
losophy.
Pd. Paid; Palladium.
Pel opium.
Pe.
P. E. I.
Prince Edward
Island.
,

Ni.

Mg. Magnesium.
M. H. S. Massachusetts

Part., or part.
Pass. or pass.
,

Methodist.

Nem.

Mem. Memorandum.
Messrs.,

Oz.,
ounces.

Nek.

M. E. Methodist Episcopal
Military

Prov

Oxonia. Oxford.
or
Ounce,
or oz.
(

ly to 1752.)
Os. Osmium.
O. T. Old Testament.

N. A. North America.
@3"- The 2 is here used to
Na. (Natrium.) Sodium.
represent the character t
Nah. Nahum
anciently an abbreviation
Nat. Natural; National.
for terminations.
Nath. Nathaniel.
Naut. Nautical.
New
Brunswick.
N. B.
(Nota Bene.) Note well, or P. or p. Page Part Phostake notice.
phorus Pipe.
N. C. North Carolina.
Pa. Pennsylvania.
N. E. North-East; North- pa. Participial adjective.
ern Eastern (Postal Dis- Pari. Parliament.

Malachi.

Pron., or pr on. Pronoun.

Pro tern or pro tern. ( Pro
tempore.)
For the time
being.

Proverbs Provost
Province.
Prox. (Proximo.) Next.
P. S. (Post scriptum.) Post-

Olympiad.
Oregon.
Ord. Ordinance; Ordinary
O. S.
Old Style (previous-

Mai.

March Maritime.
Mas., Masc. Masculine.
Mass., or Ms. Massachu-

Professor.

Prof.

Or.

Olym.

N., or n.

Mar.

poss.

See LL.B.
P. P. C. (Pour prendre con.
ge.) To take leave.
Pph., or pph. Pamphlet.
Pr. , pr. or ty ( Per. ) By the.
P. R. Prize Ring; Portff
Rico.
Preposition
Prep., or prep.
President.
Pres.
Preterit.
Pret., or pret.

Pages.

Observatory.

Obt., or Obdt.
Obedient.
Oct.
October.

Maj. Major.
Maj.-Gen. Major-General.

Nail, nails.

P. O.
Post-Office.
Pos., pos., Poss., or
Possessive.

Ohio; Oxygen; Old.

Obad.

Past
Master; Past Midshipman.
(Post Meridiem.) Afternoon.
P. M. G. Post-Master-Gen-

pp.

North- West Northern Western (Postal Dis-

0.

Plur., or pi.ur. Plural.

P. M.
Post-Master;

eral.

Nova

S.

Obs.

Music.

M. W. Most Worthy.
M. W. G. M. Most Wor-

Mac,

Mad., or

tary Public.

N.

Ob., or ob. (Obi it.)

miles.

M.

No-

Morning.
(Mille.)
Thousand. (Meridies.)
Meridian, or noon.
ill. or ;;;. Masculine
Moon
Month, months Minute
minutes Mill, mills Mile,
,

Providence

O.

LLB.
M. Marquis Monday Mon- Mt Mount,
:

New

N. P.

537

PI. or pi. Plural.

Plff. Plaintiff.

Numbers.
Nov. November.

Mistress, or Missis.

MS. Manuscript.
MSS. Manuscripts.

low.
Nos., or nos.

Royal Institution.

Lieutenant.

M.

sieur

the plaintiff when he does

not appear to prosecute.
Non seq.,ov non seq. (Non
It does not folsequitur.

if

he should saw

Quod Erat De(

monstrandum.)
Which
was to be demonstrated.
Q. I. (Quantum libet.) As
much as you please.
Q. E. D.

Quartermaster.
Q. M.
Q. M. G. QuartermasterGeneral.
Qr., or qr.
Quarter (28
pounds) Farthing Quire.
Q.s., or q. s.
(Quantum
;

sufficit.)

A sufficient quan-

tity.

Qt.,o?qt. Quart; Quantity.

Qu.
Queen;
Question;
Quarter.
Qu., or Qy. ( Quxre.) Query
Ques. Question.
Q. v., or q. v. ( Quod vide.)

Which
Qy.

see.

Query.

R.
R.

Railway
Rhodium.
(Rex.) King.
(Regitta.]
Queen.
Take
( Recipe )
;

;;)

;.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING AND PRINTING.

538

Royal Academy, or
Academician Rear AdmiRight Ascension.
ral
Rb. Rubidium.
R. E. Royal Engineers.
Rec. or R. Recipe.
Rec. Sec. Recording Secre-

Silicium.
Sing., or sing. Singular.
S. J.- Society of Jesus.
S. J. C.
Supreme Judicial
Court.
S. Lat.
South Latitude.
Sid. , or sld.
Sailed.
S. M.
State Militia
Short

Te.
Tellurium.
Ten., or Tenn. Tennessee.
Tex. Texas.

Reformation Reference.
Reg. Register Regular.
Representative
ReRep.

Meter
Sergeant Major
Sons of Malta.
S. M. I.
(Sa Majesle Imperial.) His, or Her, Im-

Ti.
Titanium.
Tier., or tier.
Tierce.

public Reporter.
RevoluRevelation
Rev.

Sn.

R. A.

tary.

Reformer

Revenue
Review
Reverend Revise.
Island.
R. I. Rhode
R. N. Royal Navy.
Rom. Roman Romans.
;

Society.

Sol.

Solomon

Cnth,.

Rt.

Hon.

R.

Solution.

TV.

Sign

South Sulphur
Saturday Shill;

ing.
iS.

A. South America

South

Africa.

(Sculpsil.)
Sc, or sculp.
He, or she, engraved it.

S. T.

or

Sc.

To

Scripture.
Sculp., or sculp. (Sculpsit.)
He, or she, engraved it.
South-East
SouthS. E.
Eastern (Postal District,
Script.

London).

Sec. , or sec. Second Section

Section.
Sect., or sect.

West.
Saint; Street; Strait.
Stat.
Statute
Statuary.

St.

Senator

Sen-

ior.

September.
Sep., or Sept.
Sergeant, or
Serg., or Serj.
Serjeant.
Servant.
Serv. or Servt.
S. H. S.
( Societatis Historise Sorius. ) Fellow of the
Historical Society,
,

or ult. ( Ultimo.) Last,

or of the last. mouth.
Univ. University.
TJlt.,

S.
United States.
U. S. A.
United States of
America
United States
;

Army.
M. United

West India

J.

Theology.

William.
AVorshipful Master.

N.

TV. West-North-West.
Worship.
Writer to the Signet.
TV.
S.
TV.
West-SouthWest.
Wt., or wt. Weight.

TVp.

TV. S.

West

Va.

TV.

X.

Christ.

Xt.

Subj., or subj. Subjunctive.

Subst. Substantive; Substitute.

Sun., or Sund. Sunday.

Sup. Superior Supplement.
Supt. Superintendent.
Surg. Surgeon; Surgery.
S. TV.
South-West; South-

western (Postal District,

London); Senior Warden.
Syn.,oi syn. Synonym.

Y.
Yttrium.
Y.
Yd., or yd.
Yard.

Virginia.
C.

V.

Ven.

G.

V.

Vice ChanceDor.
Venerable.
Vicar General Vice

i.
Verb intransitive.
Vice President.
Vice Pres.
Vid., or vid. ( Vide.) See.

or Vise. Viscount.
or viz.
( Videlicet.
;

to wit.

[See Note

or v. n. Verb neuter.
Vocative.
or vol. Volume.
Vice President.
P.

V. n.

Voc, or voc.
Vol.
V.

The.

or

th,

when

in this abbrevi-

a corrupt represen-

tation of the

Anglo-Saxon

l>

introduced at the time

Anglo-Saxon alphabet was superseded by

the Old English or Black
Letter, in which t) (y) bore a
the

considerable resemblance in

form

V.

is

Grand.

Vis.,

or ye.

ation

Va.

eg- The y

Victoria

under Gz.]
;

Verb
Verse
Vocative Volume.
V. a., or v. a.
Verb active.

Namely

Tenor Tuesday Town

Township Territory Ton.
;

Ye

V.
Vanadium

V.

Viz.

T.

Christmas

Christ.

Utah Territory.

U. T.

Virginia.

X.
Xm., or Xmas.

Academy.

Military

Viscount

Tantalum.
Terbium,

West

M.

unteers.

(Sacra; Theologize
Professor. )
Professor of

Ta.
Tb.

West Longitude.

States Mail

U. S. N. United States Navy.

U. S. V. United States Vol-

S. T. P.

T.

Central

Wednesday.

D. (Sacrse Theologize
Doctor.) Doctor of Divin-

Sen. Senate

Western

Lon.

TV.

United States Marine.

M. A. United States

Selenium.
Se.
Secretary.
Sec.

Wed.

TV.

U. C.

ity.

Schooner.
(Scilicet.)

wit; namely.

"Week.

to.

C.

Wm.

Uranium.
Upper Canada.

U.

U. S.

South-South-

TV.

or

(Postal District, London).

TV.

U. S.

the collar of the Chief

Justice of England).
S- S. E. South-South-East.
S.

Indies.

ss. (Scilicet.) Namely. (Sem is.) Half.

5. S Sunday School
Saint
Simplicius (the mark on

S.

Scil.,

TV.

Sq.ft., or sq.ft. Square feet.

Sq. in., or sq. in.
Square
inches.
Sq. m., or sq. m.
Square
miles.
Sr.
Sir, or Senior.

Sam. Samuel.
Saturday.
Sat.
Sb. (Stibium.) Antimony.
South Carolina.
S. C.
Sck., or Sclir.

TV.

u.

Sunday

sten.
TV.,

Tr.

SS., or

S.
S.

Thallium.

Tob.

Square.

Sq., or sq.

Titus.

and people of Rome.

Roman Catholic.

Ruthenium.
Right Worshipful.

Ru.

W.
West William Wednesday
Welsh
Warden.
(Wolframium.) Tungs-

Tobit.
Translation
Transpose Treasurer Trustee.
Tu., or Tues. Tuesday.

Tin.

t.,

TV.

Timothy.

Tit.

(Senatus Populusque Romani.) Senate

Right Honorable.
Right Reverend.

Rt. Ret\

Thursday.

Tim.

S. P. Q. R.

Railroad.

R. R.

Thessalonians.

Regina.)

Victoria.
( Versus.) Against,

In opposition.
Vermont.
or v. t. Verb transitive.

or

V.

Tkurs.

(Victoria

Queen

Vt.

Tkess.

27.

(Stannum.)

Soc.

Rom.

Thomas

R.

V.

Vs. or vs.

Theodore.

Theo.

perial Majesty.

tion

Thursday
Thorium.

Th.

Reformed

Ref

Si.

Yr.

to p.

Your.

Zach.

Zirconium.
Zachary.

Zech.

Zechariah.

Z., or Zr.

Zeph. Zephaniah.
Zn. Zinc.
Zool.
Zoology.
Zr.
Zirconium.

ARBITRARY SIGNS
USED IN

WRITING AND FEINTING.

ASTRONOMICAL.

I.
1.

of 60 in longitude, or right ascension.

Quadrature;

SUN, GREATER PLANETS, Etc.

, or
or

J>,

D,

The Sun.
The Moon.

or

<D)

New Moon
Full

(,<w d

Last Quarter.
Mercury.
Venus.
The Earth.
Mars.

0,

or

d"

Jupiter.

Saturn.

^,org

Moon.

Spring

also
also

CHEMICAL.

substance

symbol, when used singly, always indicating a single atom or equivalent of

the substance represented by it thus,
stands for one atom or equivalent of
oxygen, C for a single equivalent of carbon, and the others in like manner. A
compound body made up of single equiv;

alents of

constituents

its

is

represented

by the

(two symbols of the respective constituents written side by side

as, HO, a compound of one equivalent
;

Plus and more

indicating addition as a -J- b
c
used also to
indicate that figures have been omitted from the end of a number, or
that the latter is approximately exact
as, the square root of 2 is

is

represented, in chemical notation, by a

symbol consisting of the initial or abbreviation of its Latin name as II for
for oxygen, Ag (from Arhydrogen,
gentum), for silver, and the like, each

ZZ Cancer, the. Crab.

\ Leo, the Lion.
Virgo, the Virgin.
IFp
Libra, the Balance.
d2:

Summer

MATHEMATICAL.

III.

-4-

of hydrogen with one of oxygen, forming water. To express more than one
atom or equivalent of a substance, a
Signs.
number is used, either prefixed to the
symbol, or, more commonly, written
after it, below the line; as, 20, or 02,
Scorpio, the Scor]\[
Autumn
two equivalents of oxygen.
pion.
Signs.
A secondary compound, as a salt, is
Sagittarius,
the
J:
indicated by writing the symbols of the
Archer.
constituent compounds one after anthe
V> Capricornus,
other, with the sign -f- between them,
Goat.
Winter
the symbol of the base being always
A
qu arius th e Wa terts;
Signs.
placed first
thus, CaO -4- CO2 repreman.
sents carbonate of lime.
A comma is
> Pisces, the Fishes.
frequently used instead of the sign-j-,
commonly to express a more intimate
3. ASPECTS AND NODES,
union than would be expressed by that
indicating
Conjunction
that sign. The period is also sometimes used
(j
the bodies have the same longitude, to indicate a union more intimate than
that denoted by the sign -f-, but less so
or right ascension,
indicating a difference than that implied by a comma. A
Sextile
jfc

Aries, the Ram.

Taurus, the Bull.
Gemini, the Twins.

Signs.

pound as, 3 S03, three equivalents of

sulphuric acid. When the formula of
the quantity contains several terms,
those to which the figure applies are included in parentheses or brackets, to
which the figure is prefixed; as, 3
(CaO +SO3), three equivalents of sulphate of lime.

SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC.

p

called
called

4@= Every elementary

2.

number written before the symbol of a

compound designates a corresponding
number of equivalents of that com-

THE RELATIONS OF QUANTITIES.

Fixed Star.

II.

ft^r* The asteroids are now designated by numbers indicating the order
of their discovery, and their symbol is
a small circle inclosing tbis number;
Juno (3),
Pallas
as, (ij Ceres
Vesta and the like.
;

Opposition
indicating a difference of 180 in longitude, or right

Ascending Node
Dragon's Head.
Descending Node;
1}
Dragon's Tail.

<*

Neptune.
Comet.

*, or^-

dif-

ascension.

Uranus.

ference of 90 in longitude, or right

ascension.
Trine
indicating a difference
of 120 in longitude, or right ascension.

First Quarter.

O, or

),

indicating

1.4142136

Minus

+.

less
indicating subtraction as, a
b
c.
;4-, or =f
Plus or minus ambiguous
indicating that the number or quantity to which it is prefixed may have
either of the signs -+- or
as, a
b.
Multiplied by
times
into ; as,
;

Xaxb = ab;

6X4 = 24.

4" Multiplication is also often indicated by placing a dot between the

factors, or by writing the latter, when
not numerals, one after another without any sign.
-T-,

or

is,

Divided by

a divided by

as, a-r-b

that

=2.

6-^-3

J&g= Division is also very often indicated by writing the divisor under the
dividend, with a line between them as,
;

that

_,-

is,

a divided by

g=2.

Is equal to

equals

= ac-\-bc; 6 + 2 =
;

as, (a -f- b)

8.

than; as, a^>b,' that

is, a is greater than 6 ; 6
5.
less
Is
than;
as.*a<6; that is, a
<]
is less than b ; 3
4.

>

Is greater

=0

>

<

Is equivalent to
applied to
magnitudes or quantities which are
equal in area or volume, but are not
of the same form, or capable of su;

perposition.
The difference between
(639*

_,

used to

ARBITRARY

540
indicate the difference between two
quantities without designating which
is the greater
as, a
b.
Varies as is proportional to as,

ace

b.

the ratio of
used to in#
:
As equals
dicate
ge)
ometrical proportion as, a
b
c
d ; that is, a is to b as c is to d.
. Ilence; therefore; on this account.
Because.
CO Indefinitely great infinite infinIs to

small

Indefinitely

integral of;

/"Integral;

one ounce; gss,

g iss, one ounce and
two ounces, &c.
5 Drachm as, gi, one drachm gss,
half a drachm; iss, one drachm
and a half; 3 ij, two drachms, &c.
9 Scruple as, )i. one scruple )ss,
half a scruple; iss, one scruplo
and a half; 9ij, two scruples, &c.

2xdx

infinitesimal

is

x2

as, gi,

half an ounce

a half;

ij,
;

indicating

that the expression before which it

is placed is to be integrated;
as,
that is, the integral of

flxdx = x2

Pound.
Ounce;

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHTS.
lb

the differentials, variations, finite differences, or differential co-efficients of

these quantities are to be taken but
the ordinary significations are those
given above.

ity.
{)

SIGNS.

sometimes others, are variously employed by different mathematicians,

prefixed to quantities to denote that

APOTHECARIES' MEASURES.

used to denote a quantity less than

figg^ It is repeated to indicate that
any assignable quantity also, as a the operation of integration is to be
performed twice, or three or more times,
numeral, naught nothing zero.
as If-, Iff-, & c
*' or a number
of
Angle the angle as, / A B C.
.
Right angle the right angle as, times greater than three, an index is
L.
;

is,

the right angle,

L A BC

that

ABC.

Parallel
to

O
A

as,
Circle
;

commonly
above

The perpendicular perpendicular

J_
to
as, draw A B 1 C D.
||

parallel to

A B

||

parallel

is

>/,

or

Root

indicating,
figure placed

when used without a

above

the square root

it,

as,

= 2 V 4a2 = 2a.

V4

This symbol is
called the radical sign.
To denote
any other than the square root, a
figure (called the index) expressing
the degree of the required root, is
placed above the sign as %/a, /a,
tya, &c.
(B^P* The root of a quantity i3 also
denoted by a fractional index at the
right hand side of the quantity and
above it, the denominator of the index
expressing the degree of the root as

ticular variable.

e
7T

Vinculum,
)

Bar,

indicate

they
are
applied, or which are inclosed by
them, are to be taken altogether as,
J

F
f

Function; function of; as

(x); that is, y is, or equals,

"
1

A
D

dx

1
,

letters

is,

is,

d, d 3 A,

D9

*a"> or -\-

And.

the rest

and the

&c.

(Et

extern.)

and so forth

is,

and

so

like.

sign of the cross used by

the pope, and by Roman Catholic

bishops and archbishops, immethe subscription of
Iu Roman Catholic
service-books, it is used in those
places of the prayers and benediction where the priest is to make the
sign of the cross.
X, or -\- A character customarily
made by persons unable to write,
when they are required to execute
instruments of any kind, as deeds,
affidavits, &c.
The name of the
party is added by
diately before
their names.

som one who can

his

as,
John
Smith
4to, or 4.
Quarmark,
to
four leaves,
or eight pages, to a sheet.
8vo, or 8.
Octavo
eight leaves, or

write

sixteen pages, to a sheet.

or 12.
Duodecimo
twelve
leaves, or twenty-four pages, to a
sheet.
16mo, or 16. Sexto-decimo sixteen
leaves, or thirty-two pages, to a
sheet.
18mo. or 18. Octavo-decimo eighteen
leaves, or thirty-six pages, to a
;

sheet.

the

and

on

the va-

derivative.

&

And

prime, a second, a third, etc.

a b1
ygW Other sizes are 24mo, or 24r
c"
a' b" c
a" b c>.
(Vigesimo-quarto), 32mo, or 32 (Tri
2 3 &c.
Indices placed above and
gesimo-secundo). 861110, or 36 (Triges
at the right hand of quantities to
imo-sexto), 48mo, or 48 (Quadrigesr
denote that they are raised to powers
mo-octavo), 64mo, or 64 (Sexagesimo*
whose degree is indicated by the fig72 (Septuagesimo'
ure as, ai that is, the first power quarto), 72 mo, or
of a ; a2 the square or second power secundo), 96mo, or 96 (Nonagesimoof a ; (7.3, the cube or third power of sexto), 128mo. or 128 (Centesimo et
vigesi mo -octavo).
These sizes are of
a ; and the like.
rare occurrence, and are not commonly known by their Latin names, but
are colloquially called twenty -four-mo,
thirty-two-mo, &c, or twenty-fours,
thirty-twos, &c.

IV.

Finite difference.
Differential co-efficient

4= The

that

that

Variation as S
riation of x.

that

as, 30';

"

Differential : as,
differential of x.

Seconds of arc
as, 20 //
that is,
twenty seconds.
" '" &c. Accents used to mark
quantities of the same kind which
are to be distinguished as, a', a",
a"> &c, which are usually read a
',

dglP' Various other letters or signs

are frequently used by mathematicians to indicate functions
as, /,
$, 4>'i "Ai "") and the like.

thirty minutes.

y
a function of x.

&,

12mo,

Minutes of arc

'

+ y3;2(o+6);a'x(6 + c[e + dJ);

or

summa-

/",

commonly

grees.

the

that

[rS

],-{}, Bracket,,

[
[

")

Parenthesis,

sum

of finite differences, and in

nearly the same manner as the symbol ./.
Residual.
The number 3.14159265 -+- the ratio of the circumference of a circle
to its diameter, of a semicircle to its
radius, and of the area of a circle to
the square of its radius. In a circle
whose radius is unity, it is equal to
the semi-circumference, and hence is
used to designate an arc of 180.
Degrees as, 60 that is, sixty detion

a 2 a 3 a 5 that is, the square, cube,

and fifth roots of a, respectively.
,

algebraic

used to indicate the sum or

MISCELLANEOUS.

Y.
to be

is

taken between the value b of the vaand its value a. J' a denotes
that the integral ends at' the value a
of the variable, and
that it beJ'
gins at the value b. These forms
must not be confounded with the
similar one indicating repeated integration, or with that indicating
the integral with respect to a par-

Sum

Minim, or drop.

ll|

the rath
integra-

is,

denotes that the integral

hand

right

riable

tlie

tions of xdx.

written at

as,,/"' xd.r" 1 ; that

integral, or the result of

C D.

circumference 360.
Triangle the triangle as
AB
C that is, the triangle ABC.
D Square the square as, A B C
D that is, the square A B C J).
Rectangle
the rectangle as,
A B C D that is. the rectangle A B
C D.

O, or (Lat. Octarius). Tint.

Ounce, or / fluid ounce.
3 Drachm, or / 3 fluid drachm.

aa

MEDICAL.

(Gr. avd), of each.

(Lat. Recipe). Take.

Tber, September 8ber, October

November j lOber, December.
;

9ber,

ARBITRARY
VI.
$

Etc. *

MONETARY,

Dollar, or Dollars
as, $1
$200.
Cent, or cents as, 12(,; / 33/.
;

Pound,

pounds

or

(sterling); as,
[lft
241b.

45.

W
^

at Account
'
J. Jones.

as, 1 /

Is.

2s. 3d.
/3
A 1 Designation of a first-class vessel in
Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping the letter denoting that
the hull is well built and sea-worthy,
and the figure the efficient state of her
rigging, anchors, cables, &c.
XX Aie of double strength.
XXX Ale of triple strength.

TYPOGRAPH-

VII.

ICAL.
Comma.

Colon.
Period.

Semicolon.

rest.
.

Asterisk.

Dagger,

or

or
or

CO

or $* (dele).

paragraph.
Make a new paragraph.
Change from Italic to Roman, or
from Roman to Italic, as the case

Double Dagger.
Section.
Parallels.

II

IT

Paragraph.

Put

Put

i^lndex.

IT

may

or # *# Asterism.

Wrong font

wf.

space, or more space between

It
words, letters, or lines.
Less space, or no space, between
words or letters.
L or J Carry a word further to the
left or to the right.
Indent.
Elevate a letter, word, or character
that is sunk below the proper level.

used when a char:

Take out, or expunge.

letter.

be.
in small capitals.
capitals.

following abbreviations,
4G= The
used in correcting proof-sheets, require explanation

CORRECTION OF THE PRESS.

2.

a reversed
Turn
A

Obelisk.

Diaeresis.
Cedilla.

directs attention to a quadrat or

space which improperly appears.
or -f- directs attention to a broken
or imperfect type.
Bring a word or words to the beginning of a line also, make a nev

v"

Ellipsis ; also, Leaders

Ellipsis.

MARKS OP PUNCTUATION.

1.
,

Breve.

Circumflex
Accent.
Circumflex,

The Short,

Sink a letter, word, or character

raised above the proper level.
shows that a portion of a para'

graph projects laterally beyond the

Macron.

Quotation
Marks.

Grave Accent.

The Long,

Ellipsis.

or Tilde.

"

541

Caret.

Hyphen.
Acute Accent.

Smith in a/ with

as, J.

'

Shilling, or Shillings

6d.

Parenthesis.
Brackets,
or
Crotchets.

Apostrophe.

(in weight)
as,
At, or to as, silk @ $2 per vd.
Per; as. sheep $4 tf> head.
Per cent. as, discount 6
;

a "

Exclamation.

Pound, or Pounds

lb

SIGNS.

[tion.

Interroga-

</

Dash.

is of a wrong size or style.

Transpose.
Lower-case i. e., put in small on

acter
tr.
I. c.

common

letters a word or a letter

that has been printed in capitals oi:
small capitals.
[tals
caps. or sm. c.
Put in small capi
s.
Qu., Qy,, or ? Query.
out, s. c.
Words wanting, see copy.
;

SPECIMEN OF A CORRECTED PKOOF-SHEET.

THE CROWNING OF PETRARCH.
oawA-. ^Nothing can be conceived more affecting or noble thanA that ceremony.

and Caesar had long

moilildered into dust.

the shouting ^Legions, the captives,

ing to his victorious procession.

But she

now

still

The laureled

and the pictured

The

reward of an intellectual triumph.

ferocity,

of philosophy and imagination in the

To the

80nS

whose

spoils

5[

fAmid
art,

the ruined

monuments

and was

m<l)n

a/

who &e.

who l_ had erected L_ the A Jt/ace

^/^e*.

haunts of ignorancejmd

were the treasures of ancient genius

J^

the

of ancient, and the infant erections'of

he who had restored /the broken link between thetwo ages ef

ln<wt%.

A.

Eternal City offered the (^lorious\and/jusf/) tribute of her gratitude.

&

-/

whose captions were the he arts of admiring nations/ enchained by the

influence of his

iJ

^^.

golden eagles,

were indeed want/^

jetained the mightier influence of an ^empire /intellectual

to confer the prouder

hie

fasces, the
cities

had passed away from Rome.

sceptre

had ex tended the aommion f berl_ ancient language

^s/Vo.

The

superb palaces and -and- porticos by which had rolled the ivory chariots of Marius

human

madern

c/
4r

civiliza-

from the moderns who

owed

to

him

their refinement,

from the

ancjeilfe

who

owf%j to

him

their

fame

&.

Never was a coronation so august witnessed by Westminster or Rheims.

MACAUI.AY,

^J^l

A CONCISE ACCOUNT
OF THE

ETC., IN THE GREEK AND

ROMAN MYTHOLOGY.

CHIEF DEITIES, HEROES,

his wife Clytaemnestra, with the aid

Ab'a-rIs. A Scythian priest of Apollo,
of iEgisthus, her paramour.
See
said to have ridden through the air
Clytaemnestra.
on an arrow.
A-9fis'TE. A king of Sicily, who en- ag'a-nIp'pe. A fountain at the foot
of Mount Helicon, sacred to the
tertained iEneas and Anchises.
Muses.
A-H.E'US.
Son of Xuthus, from
whom the Achaeans, a Grecian tribe, A'JAX. 1. A son of Telamon, and one
of the bravest of the Greeks in the
descended.
were
Trojan war.
2. A Greek renowned
A-HA'tes. A trusty friend and comfor his bravery in the Trojan war.
panion of iEneas.
He was the son of ileus, and king
Ach'e-ron. Son of Sol and Terra,
of the Locri.
transformed into a river in the inferAl-ces'tis.
Wife of Admetus, to
nal regions.
A-HIL/L,E. A Grecian hero, distinpreserve whose life she resigned her
own. She was afterward, however,
guished for his warlike prowess, and
invulnerable except in his right heel
brought back from the lower world
by Hercules.
but at length slain by Paris, in the
AL-^l'DEi-s.
Trojan war.
A name of Hercules.
He was the son of
AL-ME'na.
Wife of Amphitryon,
_ Peleus and Thetis.
A'9is.
The son of Faunus, a Sicilian
andmother of Hercules by Jupiter.
shepherd, who was killed by Poly- Al-^y'o-ne.
A daughter of iEolus,
phemus, because he had obtained the
who drowned herself in grief for the
affections of Galataea.
loss of her husband, and was turned
A-T M'Oti. A celebrated hunter, who,
into a king-fisher.
having seen Diana bathing, was A-lec'to. One of the Furies.
changed into a stag and hunted down Am'mon. A title of Jupiter.
by his own hounds.
Am-phi'on. A Theban prince who
Ad-me'tus. A king of Pherae, in
cultivated the art of music with such

Thessaly, and husband of Alcestis.

success that, at the sound of his lyre,

A-d6'nis.
A Cyprian youth famed
stones came together, and formed the
for his beauty and beloved by Venus,
walls of Thebes.
but torn in pieces by a wild boar.
Im'phi-trI'te. Daughter of Nereus
iE'A-trs. Son of Jupiter and Europa,
and Doris, and wife of Neptune.
famed for his justice and piety. After An-^je'fs. A king of the Samians,
death he was made one of the judges
who, leaving a cup of wine untasted
in the infernal regions.
to pursue a boar by which he was
iE-GE'Rl-A. See Egeria.
killed, gave rise to the proverb,
" There 's many a slip 'twixt the cup
M-GrJE'VS.
A king of Athens, who
gave his name to the iEgean sea, in
and thejip."
which he was drowned.
An-HI'ses. The father of ^neas by
.32'GLE. 1. One of the Hesperides. 2.
Venus.

The

fairest of the Naiads.

A king of Egypt, whose

sons, with the exception of
Lynceus, were slain on their wedding
night by their wives, the daughters

jE-Gyp'tus.
fifty

of Danaus.
iE-NE'AS.
A Trojan warrior, son of
Venus and Anchises. He is distinguished for his pious care of his
father at the capture of Troy and
his adventures form the subject of
;

Virgil's iEneid.

iE'o-LUS. The god or ruler of the

winds, who resided in the islands between Italy and Sicily.

An-drom'a-che. The wife

of Hector,
distinguished for her domestic vir-

The Greek name of

_ Venus.
A'PIS. The Egyptian god of 'ndustry,
worshiped under the form of an ox.
A-Pot/EO. A deity of the Greeks and
Romans, worshiped as the sun-god.
He was also god of medicine, divination, archery, and poetry, and presided over the Muses.
Xph'ro-di'te.

A-rAH'ne.

Lydian maiden, who

challenged Minerva to a trial of skill

in embroidery, and was changed into
a spider, as a punishment for her

presumption.

Ar'e-thu'sa.

Daughter of Nereus, a
of great beauty, in the train
of Diana, in Elis
changed into a
fountain when pursued by the rivergod Alpheus. It was believed that
this fountain flowed under the sea,
with the Alpheus, and appeared again

nymph

in Sicily.

Ar'go-nauts. Companions
" who went to Colchis,
in

of Jason,
the ship
Argo, in search of a golden fleece.
AR'GUS. The son of Arestor; said to
have a hundred eyes. Being sent by
Juno to watch lo, he was killed by
Mercury, whereupon Juno placed
his eyes in the tail of a peacock.
A/RI-ad'ne. Daughter of Minos, king
of Crete, who, for the love she bore
to Theseus, gave him a clew of thread
which guided him safely out of the
labyrinth of Crete.
A-RI'ON.
A famous musician and
lyric poet of Methymna, in Lesbos,
rescued from drowning by a dolphin.
Ar'is-TjE'us.
A son of Apollo and
Cyrene, who discovered the use of
honey, oil, &c, and who first taught
_

men

the

management

of bees.

AR'te-mTs. The Greek name of Diana.

As-AL'A-PHtJS.
A son of Acheron,
An-drom'e-da.
who, having asserted that Proserpine
Daughter of the
Ethiopian king Cepheus. Her mothhad eaten a pomegranate-seed in the
kingdom of Pluto, was turned into
er, Cassiope, having boasted herself
an owl, for mischief-making.
fairer than Juno, Andromeda was
The goddess of justice.
exposed to a sea-monster, but was As-trje'a.
During the Golden Age she lived on
rescued by Perseus, who married
earth, but when that passed away
her.
An-TjE'US.
she abandoned it, and returned to
A monarch of Libya, of
gigantic size and strength, slain by
heaven.
As-ty'a-nXx.
Hercules.
Son of Hector and
In'te-ros.
Andromache, killed by Ulysses at the
The god who avenges
tues.

slighted love.

destruction of Troy.

^s'cu-la'pi-us. Son of Apollo, and An-tig'o-ne A daughter of (Edipus Xt'a-lan'ta. A princess of Scyros,
god of the healing art.
and Jocasta, famous for her filial
who consented to marry any one of
Ag'a-mem'non. Brother of Menelaus,
piety.
her suitors who should outrun her,
and commander of the Grecian forces A-NU'Bis. An Egyptian god, repreHippomenes was the successful comagainst Troy. He was murdered by
sented as having the head of a dog.
petitor.
.

i.

e.i.o,

fj

1642}

iong; &,,!, 6,u,y, short;

cAre, fXr, Ask, all, what; ere, vjil, trm; pique, fIrm; son.

GREEK AND ROMAN

DEITIES, HEROES, ETC.

The goddess of revenge.

a-lyp'so. A nymph who reigned in
AT'LAS. A Titan, and king of Maurithe island of Ogygia, where she en-

X'TE

tania, who is said to have supported

tertained Ulysses for eight years.
the world on his shoulders, and was <3a-mil/l.a. A warlike queen of the
changed into a mountain.
Volscians, slain in the war with
Xt'ro-pos. One of the Parcae. Her
iEneas.
duty among the three sisters is to cut !ap'a-neus.
One of seven heroes
the thread of life.
who led an expedition from Argos
Au'ge-as. One of the Argonauts, and
against Thebes. He was struck with
" afterward king of Eiis.
lightning by J upiter.
His stables
were the scene of the fifth labor of <3as-san'drA. A daughter of Priam
Hercules, who cleansed them from
and Hecuba, whose prophecies the
Trojans refused to believe.
the accumulated filth of thirty years
-eAs-TA'LI-A. A celebrated fountain
by turning a river through them.
Au-RO'RA. The goddess of morning.
on Mount Parnassus, sacred to Apollo and the Muses.
BA-HAN'TES. Priestesses of Bac- <Pe'ROPS. The founder and first
king of Athens, who instituted marchus.
riage and the interment of the dead.
BA'HUS. The god of wine.
Bel-ler'o-phon. Son of Glaucus, en'taurs. A Thessalian race, fabled to have been half men and half
and grandson of Sisyphus.
Being
horses.
falsely accused by the wife of Proetus,
king of the Argives, he was sent with $e'phe-us, or Qe'pheus. A king
a letter from Proetus to his father-inof Ethiopia, husband of Cassiope and
father of Andromeda.
law, commanding him to put the
bearer to death. He is noted for Qer'be-rus.
The three-headed dog
having slain the Ohimaera.
of Pluto, which guarded the gate of
Bel-lo'na. The goddess of war, and
Hades.
sister of Mars.
Qe'RES. Thegoddessof grain, fruits,
Ber'e-ni'E. Sister and wife of Ptoleand agriculture. She was the daughmy Euergetes. Her beautiful hair
ter of Saturn and Ops, sister of Jupiwas placed in the heavens as a conter, Pluto, and Neptune, and mother
stellation.
of Proserpine.
Bo'nA De'a. A name given by the ha'ron. The son of Erebus and
Romans to the goddess of chastity.
Nox, who ferried the souls of the
It was unlawful for any man to enter
dead over the rivers Acheron and
h_er_ temple.
Styx to Hades.
Bri-a're-us, or Bri'a-reus. A fa- -Gha-ryb'dis.
A ravenous wouian,
mous giant, feigued to have had a
turned by Jupiter into a dangerous
hundred hands and fifty heads.
whirlpool on the coast of Sicily, opBri-se'is. A beautiful slave of Achilposite to the rocks called Scylla.
les, from whom she was taken by }h.1-mm'ra.
A fabulous monster in
Agamemnon.
Lycia, which vomited fire, and was
BroN'tes. One of the Cyclops, who
slain by Bellerophon.
hry-se'is.
forged Jove's thunder-bolts.
A daughter of Chryses,
Bu-SI'RIS. A king of Egypt, who, in
a priest of Apollo, at Chryse, in
consequence of an oracle, sacrificed
Troas.
Having been captured by
strangers on the altar of Jupiter. He
the Greeks, and given to Agamemwas slain by Hercules.
non, Apollo sent a pestilence upon
Byb'lis. The daughter of Miletus,
the Grecian hosts, whereupon she
who loved her brother, and being
was restored to her father.
avoided by him, wept herself into a QiR'^E. A sea-nymph and sorceress,
fountain.
who, by means of an enchanted cup,
turned men into swine.
6a-BI'ri.
Deities worshiped at Lem- )Ll'o.
The Muse who presided over
nos and Samothrace as tutelary genii.
history
represented with a halfGA'-eus.
A noted giant and robber,
openedroll.
fabled to have had three heads. He Clo'a-^i'na. A Roman goddess, who
stole the oxen of Geryon from Hercupresided over the sewers.
les, and on that account was slain by lo'tho.
The youngest of the three
him.
Fates.
Her office was to spin the
Cad'mus. Son of the Phenician king
thread of life.
Agenor, and the inventor of alpha- Glyt'^em-nes'tra,) The faithless
betic writing.
wife of AgaGlyt'em-NES'tra, J
eXl/HA. A famous soothsayer, and
memnon, whom she, with her paraprophet of the Greeks in the Trojan
mour ZEgisthus, murdered on his rewar. _
turn from Troy, for which crime she
al-ei'o-pe.
Mother of Orpheus,
was killed by her son Orestes.
and chief of the nine Muses. She )o-Y'tus.
A river in the lower
presided over epic poetry.
world.
<3al-lIs'to.
Daughter of Lycaon, Cffi'LUS.
One of the earlier deities,
an Arcadian king. She was changed
the spouse of Terra, and father of
by Juno, on account of jealousy, in[merriment.
Saturn.
to a bear, and was placed by Jupiter 6'MUS.
The god of festivals and
among the stars.
king
Thebes,
who promOre'on. A
of
;

OR, do,

wolf, TOO, TOOK;

fjRN,

rue pull
,

E,

I,

O, silent

543

ised his sister Jocasta in marriage to

any one who would expound the riddle of the Sphinx.

<3rce'sus.
A king of Lydia, celebrate d for his great riches.
u'pip. The god of love, son of Mars

and Venus.
Cyb'e-le. The wife of Saturn called
the mother of the gods.
Cy'clops. Savage giants of enormous
strength, who worked for Vulcan.
They had but one eye, and that was
;

in the middle of the forehead.

A surname of Diana,
from Mount Cynthus, in Delos, where
she was born.

Cyn'thi-a.

A surname of Apol/o.
(^yp'a-ris'sus. A youth beloved by
Apollo.
Having by accident slain a
favorite stag belonging to the god, he
was changed, through grief, into a
Cyn'thi-us.

cypress.

A famous Athenian

D^ed'a-LUS.

ar-

tificer, father of Icarus, and builder

of the Cretan labyrinth
He is said
to have constructed wings with which
he fled across the iEgean Sea, to avoid
the resentment of Minos.
Da'mon. A Pythagorean of Syracuse,
celebrated for his friendship for Pyth.

ias,

or_Phintias.

DAn'a-e. Daughter of Acrisius, and

mother of Perseus by Jupiter, who
visited her in the form of a shower
of gold, her father having shut her
up in a tower.
Da-na'i-des. The fifty daughters of
Danaus, alf of whom, with the exception of Hypermnestra, slew their
husbands on their wedding night
for which crime they were doomed
eternally to fill with water a tub
pierced with holes.
DXph'ne. A nymph beloved by Apollo, but who chose rather to be

changed into a laurel than yield to

his wishes.

Dar'da-nus. Son of Jupiter and Electra, the Pleiad.

Having slain his
brother Jasius, he fled into Asia,
where hefounded the city of Troy.
Daughter of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, and mother of

De -In' A-Ml'A

Pyrrhus by Achilles.
Dej'a-ni'rA.
The wife of Hercules,

who killed herself because she had

sent to her husband a shirt dipped in
the blood of the centaur Nessus, to
escape the agony occasioned
by
which, he burnt himself on Mount
03ta.

Names of
De'li-a and De'li-us.
Diana and Apollo, from Delos, where
they were born.
Dei/phi.
A city of Phocis, on the
hill of Parnassus, where was a celebrated oracle of Apollo.

Deu-ca'lion.

Son of Prometheus,
king of Phthia, in Thessaly, who,
with his wife Pyrrha, was preserved
in a small boat from a flood which
drowned the rest of Greece, and,
landing on Mount Parnassus, repeopled the country.

(}^,soft; ,G,hard; AS.J EJIST;

2WNG;

this.

GREEK AND ROMAN

544

Di-Xn'A (classical pron.

daughter of Jupiter
and the twin sister of
was regarded as the

DT-a/na).

and Latona,

Apollo.
She
virgin moongoddess, the protector of virginity,
and of women in labor, the patroness of the chase, and the presider
over nocturnal incantations.
Di'do. The foundress and queen of
Carthage, the site of which she obtained by purchasing as much land
as could be encompassed with a bullock's hide, and then cutting the hide
into small shreds. She fell in love
with 2Eneas/and killed herself because he slighted her.
Dl'O-MED, or Dl'0-ME'DE. 1. A
king of Thrace, whose horses fed on

human

flesh.

2.

A famous

Grecian

hero, who assisted Ulysses to carry

off the Palladium from Troy.

DEITIES, HEROES, ETC.

A

The Eu-phor'bus.

brave Trojan, son

of Panthous or Panthus.
Eu-phr(5s'y-ne.
One of the three

sword, saying that to cut was the

same

as to untie.

Gor'on. Three daughters

of Phoicya and Ceto, of hideous appearance,

Graces.

Eu-r6'pa. Daughter of the Phenician

who had power to change men into
king Agenor, and mother of Minos
stone by simply looking at them.
and Sariyedon by Jupiter, who, un- Graces. Three beautiful virgin godd^r the form of a white bull, carried
desses, daughters of Jupiter and
heroff into Crete.
Eurynome, constantly in attendance
Eu-ry'A-le. Daughter of Minos, king
on Venus.
of Crete, and mother of Orion.
Gy'ge. 1. A king of Lydia, famous
Eu-ry'A-lus.
A 'Trojan, famed for
for having a ring, by means of which
jiis friendship for Nisus.
he could make himself invisible. 2.
Eu-ryd'i-ce. Wife of Orpheus, to reA giant with a hundred arms.
>

gain whom he descended to the lower world.

Pluto yielded to his prayer on condition that he should not
look back at her until they reached
the light, which condition he failed
fulfill, and was obliged to return

Ha'de. The

place of departed spirits,

comprehending both Elysium and

Tartarus._

Ham/a-dry'AD.

Nymphs who lived

the woods, and

to

in

without her.

trees.

presided

over

Di-6'ne.
A sea-nymph and mother Eu-ryn'o-me. Daughter of Oceanus Har'pfes.. [Lat. Har-py'i-je.] Ra*
and mother of the Graces.
pacious monsters, having the faces
of Venus.
Dis-OR/di-A.
The goddess of dis- Eu-rys'the-us, or Eu-rys'theus.
of women, but the bodies, wings, and
A king of Mycenas, who, at the comclaws of birds j>f prey.
cord, banished from heaven for exmand of Juno, imposed upon Her- Har-po'ra-tes.. The Egyptian god
citing divisions among the gods.
cules, his cousin and junior, twelve
Dry'ads. Nymphs who presided over
of silence represented with his fin;

the woods.

ger on
The Muse who presided He'be.

difficult labors..

Eu-ter'pe.

EH'5 (classical
nymph who fell

pron.

E'ho).

over music.

mouth.
The goddess of youth, and

his

cup-bearer to the gods, until super-

in love with Narcisseded by Ganymede on account of an

unfortunate fall.
but being slighted by him pined Fates. Goddesses who presided over
human destiny.
Hec'a-te.
A goddess who presided
away until nothing was left but her
Fau'na. A prophetic goddess of the
over enchantments, conjurations,
voice.
Latins, called also Bona Dea.
E-GE'RI-A.
&c. the same with Luna in heaven
A nymph of Aricia, in
and Diana on earth.
Italy, the spouse and instructress of Faun. Sylvan deities with horns and
goats' feet the offspring of Faunus. Hec'tor.
Son of Priam and Hecuba,
Numa.
and the bravest of the Trojans, but
E-LE'trA.
1. One of the seven Fau'NUS. A mythical king of Latium,
worshiped, after death, as the god of
slain at last by Achilles, who dragged
Pleiades, daughter of Atlas and Pleiagriculture and of shepherds.
his body three times round the walls
one, and mother of Dardanus by JuAn Italian deity, the
of Troy.
piter. 2. A daughter of Agamemnon Fe-r6'NI-a.
goddess of plants, and the patroness HE'u-EA. The wife of Priam. She
and Clytsemnestra, and sister of
of freedmen.
[gardens.
Orestes.
tore out her eyes for the loss of her
E-lys/i-UM (-lizh'i-). The place as- Flo'ra. The goddess of flowers and
children, and was turned into a bitch
The goddess of fortune,
for railing at the Grecians.
signed for the residence of good men For-TU'na.
from whose hand were derived riches Hei/e-na. [Eng. Hel'en.] Daughter
after death.
and poverty, happiness and misery
En-cel'a-dus. The strongest of the
of Tyndarus and Leda, and wife of
represented as blind.
Menelaus the most beautiful woman
giants who conspired against Jupiter,
The goddesses who avenge
By running away with
and attempted to scale heaven. Jupi- Fu'RlEg.
of her age.
in the next world the sins committed
ter hurled Mount Etna upon him.
Paris, she occasioned the Trojan

sus,

En-dym'i-ON.

beautiful

young

shepherd of Mount Latmos, in Caria,

in this.

They are represented armed

sleep.

Diana

fell

to perpetual
in love with him,

Gai/A-TjE'a.

A sea-nymph,

war.

Hel/e-nus.

The son of Priam and

Hecuba, spared by the Greeks on ac-

with snakes and lighted torches.

who was condemned

passion-

count of his

skill in divination.

ately loved by Polyphemus.

HEE'l-eoN. A mountain of Boeotia,
Gai/lus.
sacred to Apollo and the Muses.
A youth beloved by Mars,
and by him changed into a cock.
Hel'le. Daughter of Athamus and
E-PE'us. Son of Panopeus and fabri[Lat.
GXn'y-me'Nephele.
cator of the wooden horse, by means Gan'y-mede.
She fled from her stepDE.] The son of Tros, a youth of
mother Ino, and was drowned in the
of which Troy was taken.
surpassing beauty, carried off by
Pontic Sea, thence called the HellesfePH'l-XL'TES. A giant, who, with his
Jupiter's eagle from Mount Ida to
pont.
brother Otus, waged war with heavheaven, where he became cup-bearer HER'A-Ll'D.aE. The descendants of
en, and was killed by Apollo.
to the god, in place of Hebe,
Hercules
Er'a-to. The Muse of lyric and amaGe-ni'i. Tutelar deities, or guardian Her'cu-ee.
Son of Jupiter and
tory poetryf
spirits of persons or places.
r'e-bus. 1. An infernal deity, son
Alcmena, celebrated for his great
strength, and especially for his twelve
of Chaos, and brother of Nox. 2. A Ge'RY-on.
A king of Spain, whose
oxen Hercules carried off into Greece,
labors.
dark and gloomy cavern through
after he had killed their master.
Her'me. The Greek name of Merwhich the shades pass on their way
G6r'di-us.
cury^
from Earth to Hades.
A Phrygian king, who
tied in the harness of his chariot an Her-mi'o-ne.
1. Daughter of Mars
E-Ri'N'NYS.
A Fury one of the Fuinextricable knot, of which it was
ries,
and Venus, and wife of Cadmus,
(pi. E-rIn'ny-es.)
foretold
3u-men'I-des. [Lit., the benevolent
that whoever untied it
changed into a serpent. 2. Daughter
should become king of all Asia. Alof Menelaus and Helena, and wife of
or gracious "ones.]
A euphemistic
exander the Great, being unable to
name of the Furies, whose true name
Orestes.
disentangle it, cut the rope with his He'ro.
A beautiful priestess of Veof Erinnyes they were afraid to speak.

and nightly came down from heaven

to kiss him.

A, E,

I,

O, U, Y, long; A, ,X,

& } tJ,

Y, short; CARE, FAR, ASK, ALL,

WHAT

ERE, VEIL, TRMj PIQUE, FIRM S6N1

;

GREEK AND ROMAN

nus

DEITIES, HEROES, ETC.

by Vb. Daughter of Inachus and Ismene, La're. Tutelar

beloved by Jupiter, who, through
over houses and
used to

at Sestos, in Thrace, beloved

Leander of Abydos, who

Juno, turned her into a cow. La-ti'nus.

A king of the LaurenShe wandered into Egypt, was retians, in Italy, who gave JEneas his

swim over the Hellespont every night

Leander being at length
unfortunately drowned, she threw
herself, in despair, into the sea.
He-sI'o-ne. Daughter of Laomedon,
king of Troy, rescued from a seamonster by Hercules, who gave her
in marriage to Telamon.

fear of

to see her.

nymphs,
Three
daughters of ^ Hesperus, who, in a
garden on an island beyond Mount
Atlas, guarded the golden apples
which Juno gave to Jupiter.

Hes-per'i-des.

Hes'pe-rus, or Ves'per. Son of

Japetus and Asia, and brother to
changed into the evening
Atlas
;

star.

Son of Theseus and

who was torn to pieces by
horses, but was restored to
JEsculapius, at the request of

HlP-POL/Y-TUS.
Hippolyte,
his

own

life

by

Diana.

Hip-Pom'e-don. Son of Nesimachus,

and one of the seven Grecian chiefs
in the war against Thebes.
Hip-pom'e-nes.
A Grecian

prince,

who

beat Atalanta in a race by

throwing golden apples before her,
and thus obtained her as his wife.
They were both changed by Cybele
into lions.

Hy'a-cyn'thus. A

beautiful Spartan
youth, beloved by Apollo and Zephy-

The latter accidentally killed

rus.
him; but Apollo changed the blood
that was spilt into a flower called the
hyacinth.

Hy'a-des. Nymphs whose parentage,

names, and number are differently
stated but the number commonly
given is seven.
They were placed
among the stars, and were thought
to threaten rain when they rose with
;

the sun.

Hy'dra.

celebrated water serpent,

with seven heads, which infested

Lake Lerna. As fast as one head was
cut off, two sprang up in its stead.
Hercules, however, succeeded in killing it.

Hy-ge'I-a. Daughter of JEsculapius,

and the goddess of health.
Hy'las. A beautiful son of Theodamus, passionately loved by Hercules.
He was lost on the coast of Mysia,
and was long sought by Hercules,
but in vain.
Hym'e-n^e'us, or Hy'men. Son of
Bacchus and Venus, or, as some say,
of Apollo and one of the. Muses. He
was the god of marriage.

A surname of Bacchus.
S'A-RiJS.
A son of Daedalus, who,
flying with his father out of Crete
into Sicily, fell into the .ZEgean Sea,
thence called the Icarian Sea.
I-dom'e-neus. A king of Crete, and
the leader of the Cretans against
I-XCohus.

545
deities who preside.!
families.

stored to her former shape, married

daughter Lavinia in marriage.

The mother of Apollo and
Diana* whom she brought forth on
name of Isis.
the floating island of Delos.
Iph'I-ge-nI'a.
Daughter of Aga- LA-vin'I-a.
A daughter of Latinus,
memnon and Clytaemnestra. Her
married to iEneas, after his victory
father sought to offer her as a sacriover Turnus.
fice to Diana, whose resentment he Le-an'der.
A youth of Abydos, the
had incurred, but the goddess put a
See Hero.
J over of Hero.
hart in her place, and conveyed her Le'da.
Daughter of Thestius, and
to the Tauric Chersonese, where she
wife of Tyndarus, beloved by Jupibecame a priestess in the temple of
ter
said to have laid two eggs, from
her preserver.
one of which came Pollux and HeleI'RIS.
Daughter of Thaumas r.nd
na, and from 'the other, Castor and
Electra, and messenger of Juno, who
Clytaemnestra.
changed her into a rainbow.
Ler'na. A famous marsh near Argos,
Ix-I'ON. A king of the Lapithas, in
where Hercules slew the Hydra.
Thessaly, and the father of the Le'the. A river of the lower world,
Centaurs by an image of cloud which
whose waters caused a total forgethe supposed to be Juno. Having
fulness of the past in those who
boasted of his intimacy with the goddrank of them.
dess, he was punished by being fast- Li-ge'i-a.
One of the three Sirens.
ened in hell to a fiery wheel perpetu- Lu-c'i'NA. The goddess of childbirth.
ally turning round.
Lu'91-FER.
The name of the planet
Venus when seeu in the morning.
Ja'nus. An ancient Italian deity, the Lu'NA. The moon daughter of Hysun -god. He entertained Saturn on
perion and Terra Diana's name in
his arrival in Italy, and introduced
Ideaven.
the use of wines, altars, and temples. Ly-ga'on. A king of Arcadia, who,
He is represented with two faces,
having offended Jupiter, was struck
looking backward and forward, to
by lightning and turned into a wolf.
denote the past and the future. His Lyg'o-me'des. A king of the island
temple at Rome was always open in
of Scyros, among whose daughters
time of war, and closed in time of
Achilles for a time concealed himpeace.
self, disguised in female attire, to
Ja'son.
A prince of Thessaly, who,
avoid going to the Trojan war.
with the aid of Medea, brought away
from Colchis a golden fleece which
was guarded by a sleepless dragon.
MA-HA'ON. Son of iEsculapius a
Jo-cas'ta. The wife of OEdipus.
famous surgeon of the Greeks before
Ju'NO. Daughter of Saturn and Ops,
Troy.
and sister and wife of Jupiter. She Ma'x-a. Daughter of Atlas and Pleione,
was the queen of heaven, the guarand mother of Mercury by Jupiter.
dian deity of women, and the found- Mars. The god of war.
ress of marriage.
Mar'sy-as.
A satyr, who, having
Ju'pi-ter.
challenged Apollo to a trial of skill
The supreme god of the
music,
was
Romans, and the father of men and
in
defeated and flayed
identical with the Grecian
alive _by him.
gods
Zev's (Zeus).
He was the son of Mau-so'lus. A king- of Caria, and
husband of Artemisia, who erected
Saturn, brother of Neptune and
Pluto, and brother and husband of
to his memory a magnificent monuJuno.
ment, the Mausoleum, which was
reckoned one of the seven wonders
of the world.
LXH'E-SIS. One of the three Eates.
LA'l-us. King of Thebes, and father Me-be'a.A celebrated sorceress,
daughter of iEetes, king of Colchis.
of (Edipus, who unwittingly killed
Through her assistance, Jason sehim.
cured the golden fleece.
La/mi- jE.
Female specters who assumed the most seductive forms to Me-du'sa. One of the three Gorgons,
slain by Perseus.
insnare young persons, whom they
Me-le'a-ger. Son of (Eneus, king
devoured.
of Calydon, and Althaea.
La-6'o-on. Son of Priam and HecuHis life
depended on the preservation of an
ba, a Trojan priest, who, having ofextinguished brand, and this
fended Pallas, was destroyed by sermother burned out of
pents, together with his two sons.
the death of her brothe
La-6m'e-don. A king of Troy, and

Troy.
I'lus. A son of Tros and Callirrhoe,
and the founder of Troy, which was
called after him Ilium.

or, do, wpLF,To"bjXO()Kj urn,RUE,

85

king Osiris, and after death was worshiped by the Egyptians, under the

LA-ToTf A

;
;

had slaiu.
of Priam and Ganymede
by Hercules for refusing to Mel-p5m'e-ne

father
killed

sided over *
him Hesione in marriage, after
he had delivered her from a sea- Mem'non.

give

of Tithon

monster.

pull

E,

I,

o, silent

c, G, soft;

.5, hard; Agi\

GREEK AND ROMAN

546

to the aid of the Trojans, and was

His statue near
slain by Achilles.
Thebes gave forth a sound like that
of a harp-string whenever the first
beams of the rising sun fell upon it.
MEn'e-la'US. King of Sparta and
husband of Helen, whose elopement
from him with Paris caused the Trojan war.
Men'TOR. A faithful friend of Ulysses,
and left in charge, by him, of his
domestic affairs, and particularly of

DEITIES, HEROES, ETC.

Nymphs

Ne're-ids.

of

the

sea,

daughters of Nereus.

Ne're-us, or Ne'reus.
A sea-god.
son of Oceanus and Tethys, husband
of Doris, and father of the Nereids.
Nes'sus.
poisoned

Centaur slain with a

arrow by Hercules for

offering violence to Dejanira.

See

DEJANIRA.
Nes'tor. Son of Neleus and

and one of the Greeks before Troy,

where he lost his
machinations of

life through the

Ulysses,
whose
madness (feigned that he
might avoid going to war) he had

feigned

discovered

Pa'les. The goddess of husbandry

and cattle.
PXi/i-nu'rus. The pilot of JEneas,

noted for falling asleep at the helm,

Chloris,
eminent among the Grecian heroes
and tumbling into the sea.
before Troy for his eloquence and Pal-la'di-um.
A wooden image of
his son Telemachus. He was regarded
Pallas,
wisdom. He is said to have outlived
on the possession of which
as the wisest man of his time.
the security of Troy was supposed to
three generations of men.
M)JR'U-RY. Son of Jupiter and Maia, Nl'NUS.
depend. It was stolen from Troy by
The first king of Assyria,
messenger of the gods, the inventor
Ulysses and Diomedes.
husband of Semiramis, and founder
of letters, and the god of eloquence,
PXl/EAS.
of Nineveh.
A name of Minerva.
merchants, and thieves.
NI'O-BE.
A daughter of Tantalus. PXn. The god of the woods and of
Mi'das. A foolish king of Phrygia,
herself
into
a
shepherds
son of Mercury and PeShe wept
stone through
who entreated Bacchus that every
nelope.
grief at the death of her children,
Pan-do'rA.
thing which he touched might be
slain
by
Apollo
and
who were
Diana,
The first woman, made
turned into gold. Apollo changed
by Vulcan at the command of Jupibecause Niobe set herself above Lahis ears into those of an ass, because
tona.
ter, and endowed by Venus with
great beauty.
he decided a musical contest in favor Nox. One of the most ancient of the
Jupiter gave her a
of Pan.
[tona.
box containing all kinds of misfordeities, and goddess of night.
tunes curiosity tempted her to open
MI'LO. A celebrated athlete of CroMI-ner/va. The goddess of wisdom, O'CE-XNT-DEg. Sea-nymphs, 300 in
it and they all flew out; but Hope
number, daughters of Oceanus.
remained at the bottom.
of the liberal arts, and of spinning
and weaving. She was not born like O-CE'A-NUS. Son of Coelus and Terra, Par'c^e. The goddesses of fate; the
Fates.
others, but sprang full-armed from
the most ancient god of the sea and
the head of Jove.
father of the nymphs presiding over Pa'ris, or PXR'rs.
Son of Priam,
king of Troy, and of Hecuba. He
MI'NOS.
springs and rivers.
A king and law-giver of
Crete, son of Jupiter and Europa, (Ed'I-pus.
decided a contest of beauty between
A king of Thebes who
Juno, Pallas, and Venus, in favor of
and brother of Rhadamanthus. After
solved the riddle of the Sphinx, undeath he was made a judge in the
the last, who, in return, promised
wittingly killed his father, Laius,
lower regions.
him Helen, the wife of Menelaus,
and married his mother, Jocasta, on
MKn'o-tau r. A famous monster with
and the most beautiful of women.
discovering which he ran mad, and
By carrying her off to Troy, he
the head of a bull and the body of a
tore out his own eyes.
brought on the Trojan war.
man. He was kept in the Cretan Om'PHA-le. A queen of Lydia, for
labyrinth, and fed with human flesh.
One of the three
love of whom Hercules became a Par-then'o-pe.
Mne-mos'Y-ne (ne-mos'-). The mothSirens. She fell in love with Ulysses,
slave, exchanged hi3 club for a spinand not winning him, cast herself
er of the Muses and the goddess of
dle and distaff, and suffered himself
memory.
into the sea, and was thrown by the
to be beaten with her slipper.
Mo'mus. The god of ridicule and (JPS. A name of Cybele.
waves on the shore where Naples
satire
afterwards stood.
son
of
Nox.
Nymphs
of
the
a
O'RE-ADS.
mountains
M6r'phe-us, or MoR'PHEfrs. The
One of the Greeks
who accompanied Diana in hunting. Pa-tro'lus.
son of sleep and god of dreams.
before Troy, the friend of Achilles,
O-RES'TES.. Son of Agamemnon and
;

Mors..

Clytsemnestra, brother of Electra

friend
He avenged the death
of Pylades.
sided over poetry music, and the
his
mother
of his father by slaying
;
liberal arts and sciences. They were
and her paramour iEgisthus, and
daughters of Jupiter and Mnemosywas in consequence pursued and
ne. Their names were Calliope, Clio,
tormented by the Furies.
Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Poly- O-Ri'ON. A mighty giant who was
hymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, and ^ made a constellation.
Urania.
Or'phe-us, or OR'pheus. A poet,
musician, and philosopher, whose
Na'iads. Nymphs of fountains and
skill in music was such that the very
streams.
rocks and trees followed him.
Nar-cis'sus. A beautiful youth, son O-si'Ris. An Egyptian deity, the husof Cephisus and the nymph Liriope.
band of Isis, worshiped under the
Beholding his own image in a founform of an ox.
tain, he fell so violently in love with Qs'sA.
A lofty mountain of Thessaly,
it, that he wasted away with desire,
which the giants, in their war
and was changed into the flower of
against the gods, piled upon Mount
the same name.
Pelion, in their attempt to scale
Nem'e-sis.
The goddess of retribuheaven.
death.

Mu'gEg.

deified personification of

and Iphigenia, and the firm

'

Nine goddesses who pre-

slain in single

combat by Hector.

A winged steed, belonging to Apollo and the Muses. <H.e

sprang from the blood of Medusa,
when she was slain.
Pe'lops. A king of Phrygia, and
son of Tantalus. When a child he
was served up to the gods by his

Peg'a-sus.

father; but was restored to life by

Jupiter, who gave him a shoulder
of ivory in place of one eaten by
Ceres.

Pe-na'tes.

Old Latin guardian gods

of the household, and of the state as
being formed of a union of households.

Pe-nel'o-PE. The wife of Ulysses,

who, being pressed by suitors during
his absence, made them promise to
delay until she finished a web which
she was then weaving, and of which
tive justice.
she unraveled at night what she
Ne/op-tol'e-mus.
wove by day.
Another name PA-to'lus. A celebrated river of
of Pyrrhus. See PYRRHUS.
Lydia, in which Midas washed him- PEr'dix. The nephew of Daedalus,
Kep'tune. The god of the sea and
thrown from a tower by his uncle,
self when his touch turned every
of other waters son of Saturn and
and changed by Minerva into a
thing to gold, from which cause it
Ops, brother of Jupiter, and huspartridge.
ever after rolled golden sands.
band of Amphitrite
PXi/a-me'de. A king of Euboea, Pr'se-us, or PEr'seus. Son of Ju;

e,

I,

o, u, Y,long; A,E,I, 6, ,. short;

CARE, FAR, ask, all,

what

ERE, VEIL, term; PIQUE, firm; s6n,

GREEK AXD ROMAS

-:
zZ z_ =
k: i
Thessaly. and a
Hercules, at his

DEITIES, HEROES. ETC.

547

<

Troy could n
PHll/O-JCE'Li
on. king ex
<

Ef-rs

:.

..

:.:_--t.:
i: :lr :>-::
-_5 >.;_~i '.7 1 1 : :_-"" =
DKB. Son of Ccelus and Terra,
and father of Jupiter. Haraif been
' 1'.:.-. ~zz\z- ::
::-!-: I :r:
Z-z.--z

~--- :.- --r:

---:; :.-:

ran with fire instead of wat

-

;::."-_-

'

z:

:-:_;

:_-.

'.-.

ai

--- r'_:ri :- --.. zz "r:

me, apparently about tai
.

.-

by

his son. he fled for safety into

and taught the people agriculture and the useful arts. The thee
in which he did this is called The

Italy,

z-.-l

Pecb

--1-- [C

Bl

z 1
1
_
with horns and goats 7 feet.
I L Li.
1. A daughter of Pboreys,
changed by Circe, out of jealousy.
'

.-.

-:

'---.-.

-z

---.:

-'.:':.

'

..

:.-

:-

'

:~:

the haunches, and placed on a rock

-_

_"

-_r
Li :-

1.

Son of BduSjking:

:~ZzZ

he

ens,

-.-zr-^zLi :-

:: Z-r".-;

--.:_

Pl-KlTH'o-rs. Son of Ixion. king of

the Lapithae, husband of Hippodamia, and intimate friend of Theseus.
'-:.-.

-----

A:Iii s~I rlvii-r. rr-.:i; ::z-:t^^:::: :: : -

Pu

::^rl

t ;:

-:::

most constant

frieri

\-i

r^r .-;:_:.

Pl.f'1

:r: i? ".!-_= :z 1: = ;;
zzz-1 i- IvL? 'r- i:-irr

54--

POLln

::-

Pyk'khcs.

_.'1
Tyndarus and Leda, and twin brother

nose,

~.zzzzi-.

z"

:-

::

'

".jot.

.-.._:

.^

:z\

:"

.-_:'_.

si

PolT-dobi,
:-

::'

r:z..zi

riches

or

P6li-do^^

zzz

zzz- zz

:..

br

>:t1

:'::

by the Thracian king Po-

".

Orestes.

:-:::

'
-

_-

t:as

Python.

huge

Poi/y-hyjcxi-a, or Po-ltx-;

near Delphi, by

6r, do, wolf, too,

FDU

took;

tits, btx.

'

serpent, killed

C. i.

:.-:

::

-:;:..-.

.-

zz--.-:

I: ::i~f

"-.-.."--

::-jr

:"!-.:-

and addicted te

and as riding on an ass.

SeeSn.1 aSGS

zlL-~JL'yV5

Si'rexs.

:~:

Z
::"

li^errioos

zzz-

--

drunkenness, but regarded as the

r:c ::;.": ?tt:5^ r ';--r--.-r- 1 1 >-:-.edge.
He is represented' as baldheaded, with snort horns and a flat

__ T

:o. The god of Hades, or the

1;~ rr ~:rI2 : ::::';.::" ;:!::.

::

z-i_

_ :jiiT
;
-l_

:z

Hi':-'.::::- -"ze L:~t

account of her supae stabbed himself ony tree: and ^ie, finding
::..--..'.-: _r7 'z.-z z
at and with the same

::.-;

~_- z

Zz
_fr

::'

1 .-.:: z.-z;

:r-I
_

:ir

_:
sieir for ins
-

I:-

::

A
daughter of Xisus of 3Jegara , beloved
inos, for whom s-he cut off from
her father's head a purple lock, on
winch his fife depended: for which
Zz j.- Zz ::-::*: :!":
::"_

-:

.?.

Three birds, with the faces

;.-.-z\_-_:z
:t_ ~-Z-. \
:r ~:r'iTii=
;;
Italv.where with their sweet races
:_-;'- -z-z\ -:.:- :z:~ -z: ---

GREEK AND ROMAN

548

sf a hill a huge stone, which constantly fell back again to the bot-

tom.

DEITIES, HEROES, ETC.

river- TOr'nus.
A king of the Rutuli, in
Italy, killed by .Eneas.
One of the Muses the Tyd'e-us, or Ty'deus.
A king of
Muse of comedy. 2. One of the
Oalydon, son of (Eneus, and father

mother of the sea-nymphs and

gods^
Tha-li'a.

1.

Sol. A name of Apollo.

Som'NUS. A son of Erebus and Nox,
three Graces:
Th'.iiis.
and the god of sleep.
The daughter of Coelus
SphTnx.
A fabulous monster near
and Terra, and goddess of justice,
Thebes, with the head of a woman,
who rewarded virtue and punished
the body of a lion, and the wings of
vice.
a bird, which put forth riddles to The'se-us, or The'seus.
King of
passers by, and devoured all who
Athens and one of the most famous
were unable to solve them (Edipus
heroes of antiquity. He was the son
solved one proposed to him, whereof jEgeus (or, as some say. of Nepupon she destroyed herself.
tune) and JEthra, husband of AriStCn'TOR. One of the Greeks before
adne and afterward of Phaedra, and
Troy. His voice is said to have been
father of Hippolytus by the Amazonian Hippolyte
as loud as the voices of fifty men toHe was especially
gether.
noted for slaying the Minotaur and
conquering the Centaurs, and for his
Styx. A river in the infernal regions,
friendship for Pirithous.
by which the gods swore their most
solemn oaths.
T Hi 'B E
See P V R A MU s
SYL-VA'NUS.
A Roman deity who TI-SiPH'o-NE. One of the three Fupresided over woods and all places
ries.
planted with trees.
Ti'tax. 1. Son of Coelus and Terra,

of Diouiedes celebrated for his victory over Eteocles, king of Thebes.

Ty'p'mo.v,
:

Afa-

Ty-pho'e-US, or Ty-pho'eus.

mous

struck with lightning

by Jupiter, and buried under Mount
iEtna.
giant,

A king of Phrygia, son

of Jupiter, aud father of Niobe and
.For his misdeeds he was
Pelops.
placed in a lake of water which re-

TXn'ta-lus.

whenever he attempted to
and under a tree laden with
manner of delicious fruits, which

ceded

drink,
all

always eluded his grasp.

The

TAR'TA-RUS.

place of punishment iu Hades, or the lower world.

TEL'A-MON. One of the Argonauts,
son of JEacus, brother of Peleus, and
father of Ajax aud Teucer. He was
king of Salamis, and first scaled the
walls, when Hercules took the city
of Troy in the reign of Laomedon.

Te-LEM'a-HUS. " The only son of

Ulysses and Penelope. He went in
search of his father after the siege of
Troy.

Tel'lus. The earth personified the

most ancient of all the deities after
Chaos.
She is represented as a
;

woman

with
with milk.

many

breasts distended

elder brother of Saturn, aud father

of a race of giants called Titans, who
contended with Saturn for the sovereignty of heaven, until Jupiter
(Saturn's son), cast them by his
thunderbolts into Tartaru*.
2. A

Son of Laertes, husband

of Penelope, father of Telemachus,
and king of Ithaca the most eloquent, wise, and politic of the Grecian heroes in the Trojau war.
U-ra'm-a. The Muse who presided
_ over astronomy.
U'RA-xus. The most ancient of the
gods husband of Tellus or Terra ( the
Earth), and father of Saturn. By
the Romans, he was called Calus.
TT-LYS'ses_.

The goddess of love, graceand pleasure wife

of Vulcan, mother of Cupid, JEneas,

Ye'xus.

fulness, beauty,

&c.

A Roman deity who

presided over the seasons (particu-

Yer-tl\m'nus.

grandson of the above, and son of

larly Spring) and their productions.
Hyperion the suu-god. 3. A name
He was the lover of Pomona.
given to Prometheus, as grandson of Yes'ta.
The goddess of flocks and
Titan.
herds, and of the household in gendaughter of Saturn and sister
Ti-THO'NUS. Son of Laomedon and
eral
of Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno,
father of Memnon, by Aurora, who
and Ceres. Her temple contained a
endowed him with immortality, and
when he had become very old and
sacred fire, teuded by virgins, and
decrepit turned him into a grassnever permitted to go out.
Yul'AX. Sou of Jupiter and Juno,
hopper.
Tit'y-us. A son of Jupiter, slain by
and husband of Yenus. He was the
Apollo for an attempt on the chastity
god of fire, and presided over workers in metal. His workshop was supof Latoua, and condemned, in the
infernal regions, to have a vulture
posed to be under Mount .Etna,
where, assisted by the Cyclops, he
forever feeding on his liver, which
was perpetually renewed. He was a
forged the thunderbolts of Jove, who
giant of size so huge that his body,
is said to have kicked him out of
when stretched out, covered nine
heaven on account of his deformity.
;

acres of land.

Trip-tol'e-mus. A king of Eleusis, Zeph'y-rus. The west wind, son of

who was the inventor of agriculture,
iEolus aud Aurora, and the passionwhich rau the river Peneus, between
ate lover of the goddess Flora.
and became a judge in the lower
Ossa and Pelion described by the
Ze'tes. One of the Argonauts, son
world.
poets as the most delightful spot on Tri'ton.
of Boreas and Orithnia, and brother
Son of Neptune and the
the earth.
to Calais, together with whom he
nymph Salacia a sea-god, and NepTer'mi-nus.
A divinity at Rome,
tune's trumpeter.
pursued the Harpies, and drove them
who was supposed to preside over Tro'i-lus. Son of Priam and Hecufrom Thrace.
He is generally debounds and limits, and to punish all
ba, slain by Achilles.
scribed as a winged being.
unlawful usurpations of land.
Tro-ph6'xi-us.
A deity who im- Ze'thus. Son of Jupiter and AntiTerp-siH'o-re. The Muse who preope, and twin-brother of Amphion;
parted oracles in a cave near Leba-

Tem'pe A valley of Thessaly through

.

sided over dancing.

Te'thys.

Wife

of

Oceanus,

and

He was the builder

dia, in Bceotia.
of Apollo's temple at Delphi.

very expert in music.

Zeus.

The Greek name of Jupiter.

A,E,I,6,U, Y, short ; CARE, FAR. ASK, ALL, WHAT ERE, VEIL, TfiKM; PIQUE, FIRM; SOS
6r,do,wolf, too, took-, urn, rue, pull; e, I, o, silent $,& sqfi; ,&,hard; A; exist; kosN6; THIS

A, E, 1,6, V, Y,lo?lg;

A CLASSIFIED SELECTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FOR

WEBSTER'S ACADEMIC DICTIONARY.

Any words

in the following grouping of Illustrations not found in the body of the work,
in Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.

^TIQUITIES. DRESS, UTENSILS,

Gauntlet.

Battering

may

be found explained

&c.

Catapult.

Ram.

Uu
(iff

JO^AAMM lit

M*S]
Hieroglyphics (from
an Egyptian obelisk).

Fabled Colossus

ot tfJwxies.

Fasces.

Obelisk,

Trident

A CLASSIFIED SELECTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS FOR

&50

ABT, OBJECTS OF; ORNAMENTS, INSTRUMENTS,

&c.

Linear Perspective
hh, horizon o, point opposite the eye; a o : bo.
c o, d o, e o,/o, h o, i o,j o, vanishing lines.
;

Mosaic.

:::

..

Silhouette Instrument.
Silhouette.

J<iT>e

of Beauty.

slender rod; c, pimbals; d,

small frame; e, foot-board.

b,

Palette.

WEBSTER'S ACADEMIC DICTIONARY.

CAEPEJSTEY, JOI^TERY,

551

AMD MASOlfEY.

Bridging-joists.
a, flooring ; 6, girder
joists ; d d, ceiling

c,

bridging-

e e, straps.

^S'^BE^
Dovetails.

Mortise Joint.

6,

uprights or posts; e d,
ties, or braces.

Herringbone Masonry.

a,

Mortise

& 6,

Tenon.

e d, struts,

P ',;#'
l

tk lJfji'1

"

*m

Joggles.

Timbers in a Roof,

Putlog.
putlog; 6 6
c,

6,

putlog holes;

ledger.

VM

a, wall plates ; 6 6, tie-beams; c, king-post; d d, struts; e e,

principal rafters iff, pole-plate ; g g, purlin ; h h, ridgepiece; i, i, common rafters.

Mortise and Tenon.

r*r
^

x.

Timbers used in Flooring.

a a,

girder

6,

binding-joists ; c c, ceiling-joists
plates; e e, bridging-joists.

Viaduct.
;

d, wall-

Soaring, various modes

of.

552

A CLASSIFIED SELECTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS FOR

DRESS, ORNAMENTS, INSIGNIA,

Peruke.

Star of Garter.

&c.

Truelove-knots.

WEBSTER'S ACADEMIC DICTIONARY.

GEOGRAPHY.
TERMS EMPLOYED

IN,

PICTORIALLY ILLUSTRATED OR EXEMPLIFIED.

553

A CLASSIFIED SELECTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS FOR

LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE, AND RAILROAD MACHINERY.

554

%8-

Drag-bar-

Brake.
J, spindle P, platform of the car F, chain
B, lever K, D, brake-blocks
W, X, wheels; O,
rod; E, rod connecting with another truck.
;

$2

Car-wheel.
a, tread

e,

c, flange
disk; n, hub.
;

BB

i~

Draw-head.
a, buffer-spring; c, draw-spring; e,
buffer; m, coupling; n, coupling pin.

Railway Frog.

Head-light.

Locomoti

A, boiler

G, cylinder
M, frame
X, wheels; K, equalizing
H, trailing driver; J J, leading
driver; B, smoke-box; C, chimney; W,
ash-pan; E, sand-box; F, cab; V G, piston-rod; U V, connecting-rod; U TJ, parallel rod; T, steam chest; T S, valve-rod;
T R, rocker; P, pumps; O P, feed-pipe ;
O, check-valve.

L L,

springs;

beam;

Cross Sections of Rails.

American
rail; e,

or Hrail; b, double-headed or
bridge or IT rail; <7, Seaton'g
rail;/, strap rail; g, street rail; h, locomotive stVeetrSil;,'
contractor's rail

Sandwiched Way.

Safety-switch.

Locomotive Steam-engine.

Railway Truck.
A, truck-frame; B, axle-guard C, swing-beam
axle-box; E, india-rubber springs.
;

Spark -arrester
;

D,

Turn-table.

WEBSTER'S ACADEMIC DICTIONARY.

MECHANICS, MACHINERY, &c.

555

B,

centrifugal

ball

DE, DG, connecting

and
FB,

M,
Escapements.

joints; F,
ball rods
slide.

rod;

fulcrum; Fit,
;

NO,

lever

556

A CLASSIFIED SELECTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS FOR

MECHAKTCS, MACHINERY,

&c.

Continued.

Jack-screvr.

Hindley's Screw.

WEBSTER'S ACADEMIC DICTIONARY.

DAYS OP CHIVALRY, &c. ARMQE, DEESS,
AGES
MIDDLE

557
&C.

Lochaber
Barbacan,

Buskin.

Coat of Mail.

Gorget.

Ax

558

A CLASSIFIED SELECTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS FOR

MIDDLE AGES AKMOK, DBESS,

&c.

Continued.

Coat of Mail

Dorjjon.

Castle.

moat; 2, drawbridge; 8, wicket; 4, sally-port; 5, portcullis;

outer walls; 7, parapet; 8, rampart; 9, loop-holes; 10, es-

1,

6,

11, bulwark; 12, sentinel; 13, magazine; 14, a cell;

15, donion or keep; 10, barracks; 17, barbacan: 18, watchman;
19, turret; 20, chapel; 21, belfry, 22, state court; 23, merlons;
24. embrasures.

cutcheon;

Head -piece.

Morion.

Pavisor and Pavise.

Jambes.

Juppon.

Knight

in full

Armor.

Knight and Horse.

WEBSTER'S ACADEMIC DICTIONARY.

MUSICAL UrSTKUMEETTS.

Trombone.

Kettle-drum.

Organ.

559

Tambourine.

560

A CLASSIFIED SELECTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS

MYTHOLOGY, IDOLS,

&c.

Niobe and her Children.

Cupid.

WEBSTER'S INTERNATIONAL
DI CTIONARY.
DEAF AND DUMB ALPHABET.
From Page

364.

Webster's International Dictionary has about four thousand

illustrations in

the body of the work, and these are classified and repeated at the end of the book.
The value of these Illustrated Definitions can hardly be overestimated.

Hon.

W. T. Harris,

LL.D., United States Commissioner of Education, says

new edition.
Timothy Dwight, D.D., LL.D., President of Yale University, says

use a dictionary

will desire to

Lev.
greatest service to the

All persons

who

possess a copy of this

American

This work

be of

will

public.

W. F. Warren,

S.T.D., LL.D., President of

the more indispensable is Webster's International.

Boston University, says

Rev. E. B. Andrews, D.D., LL.D., President of

Brown

The

University, says

smaller one's library,

It

me

seems to

masterly and most useful piece of work.

Rev. L. Clark Seelye, D.D., President of Smith College, says :

timable to every one

who speaks

work which must prove

or writes the English language.

Franklin Carter, Ph.D., LL.D., President of Williams College, says

most educating influence in many homes.
lias

ines-

doubt not

it

will

be the

Rev. Charles E. Taylor, D.D., President of Wake Forest College, says : Webster's Dictionary
been my companion and guide and friend from my early boyhood. The new International really seems

to leave nothing for the future editors to do.

Rev. J. M. Taylor, D.D., President of Vassar College, says : It is certainly far superior to any
dictionary I know for household use, and for the daily wants of the student.

Published by

G.

&

C.

MERRIAM &

CO., Springfield, Mass,

U.

S.

A.

Also Webster's National Pictorial Dictionary, 600 Engravings.

[*73]

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