MANUAL PENYELIAN TAPAK

(SITE SUPERVISION MANUAL )

6.1 OBJECTIVES
1. To ensure that the product delivered conforms to the highest
engineering standards.
2. The ensure that the product delivered is to the clients
satisfaction.
3. To ensure that in the process of delivering the product, the
environmental, safety and engineering standard meet the
requirement set by the relevant codes of practices

372

6.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENT STRUCTURE

GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA

WATER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT

MINISTRY OF ENERGY,GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND WATER

CONSULTANT

CONTRACTOR

Figure 6.0 : Project Implementation Structure

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6.3 SUPERVISION MANAGEMENT

6.31 SUPERVISION OF CONSTRUCION WORKS

To ensure the works are carried out to an acceptable level of quality,

the supervision is very important. In this context competent staff and
clear supervision roles are necessary.

The Consulting Engineer, shall carry out the supervision of

construction works. The organisation structure is as shown on site
organisation chart.

The main role of the consultant engineer are mainly all site supervision
of construction and administration of the Contract with respect to :

a) supervision
b) testing
c) examination of materials and workmanship
d) measure of work carried out

In carrying out the work and to ensure the proper construction of the
works in accordance and in compliance with the requirements of the
Tender Document, construction drawings and the specification, the
Consulting Engineer (the Engineer) shall provide suitable qualified
supervisory and office administration staff.

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6.32

DUTIES OF THE CONSULTANT ENGINEER

The Engineers duties include, but not necessarily be limited to :

i. Discharging the Engineers duties and responsibilities relating to the
site supervision of construction, and the administration of the
Contract in accordance with the powers delegated to the Engineer in
respect of the Condition of Contact, the Drawings and all other parts
of the Contract Document.
ii. Locating all reference points and checking of the setting out of the
works undertaken by the Contractor.
iii. Inspecting, including the sampling, checking, and testing (where
required) of all materials and workmanship to ensure that the
completed works comply with the Specifications and the Drawings
and the issuing of notices to the Contractor of any defects or
deficiencies.
iv. Checking and measuring of the quantities of accepted works.
v. Ensuring that the Contractor performs his work in a manner that does
not cause unnecessary or improper interference to the public,
including access to public or private roads and footpaths.
vi. Liaising with all service authorities of any other contractors or
statutory bodies, which may be working in the same vicinity or
location.
vii. Keeping detailed records of the progress of the Works, the
Contractors construction equipment, labor deployment and material
usage on a day-to-day basis.
viii. To inform the Contractor any changes in the design or specifications
which may prove necessary or desirable during the course of the
Contract or to study any changes proposed by the Contractor and
inform the result

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6.33 SITE SUPERVISION TEAM

The set up of the consultant site supervision team (shown on figure A3) consists of :
a) Chief Resident Engineer
b) Deputy Resident Engineers/ Engineer
c) Inspector of Work
d) Clerk/Typist
And the duties of the personnel are as follows :

a. Chief Resident Engineer

He shall act as the Project Coordinator of the whole construction

works, and will bear the overall responsibility for ensuring that the
Contract is administered as planned and the objective of the project
are satisfied. His roles and responsibilities shall be :

1. Act as a site representative of the Consultant.

2. Liaise with the Consultant head office, Deputy Resident
Engineers and Contractor in their works.
3. Manage and control all site staffs assigned to the project such
as staff time-keeping, overtime, leave, salaries, claims, etc.
4. Prepare monthly report on the progress of the works.
5. Monitor the performance of site Management and Supervisory
Staff in their respective works by setting up the management
procedures programme.
6. Liaise with the Project Manager of the Contractor.
7. Certify interim progress payments submitted by the Contractor
for P.D. approval.
8. Advise the Contractor when liaise with the Local Authorities and
Police Officer to ensure the smooth running of the project.
376

9. Monitor on all the safety measure, particularly when working

along the main road, or when explosive is used for rock blasting.
10. Responsible

for

work

measurement,

progress

payment

recommendation, engineering instruction, etc.

11. Responsible

for

preparation

and

completion

of

final

measurement and as-built drawings.

b. Deputy Resident Engineers/ Engineer

The duties of the DRE are as follows:

1. To be responsible the CRE in reporting the work progress and

other developing circumstances.
2. Responsible for the management of all site supervisory
activities and the interacting with the contactors site set up to
ensure the construction works are properly carried out.
3. Exercise sound engineering judgment in examining and
approving the Contractors temporary work and method of
construction.
4. Closely monitor activities within the site and carry out frequent
inspections and works supervision.
5. Ensure

adequate

site

documentation

of

work

progress/completion/changes and maintain it at the appropriate

levels and deal with all relevant correspondence with various
parties involved.
6. To attend all site meeting.
7. To liaise with the Contractors Agent.
8. To organize and supervise his team of Clerk of Work to cover
all aspect of supervision work and other relevant works.
9. To instruct his staff on the method of construction to be
adopted for all aspect of works and recording works.

377

10. To assist the CRE in the measurement of all works and keep all
necessary record.
11. To assist CRE in checking the Contractors interim valuation
and assist him in checking his final account.
12. To implement the QA/QC measure on site.

c. Inspector of Work

Their duties can be described as follows :

1. To be responsible to the CRE and DRE.

2. Ensure that the Contractors work is properly supervised at all
times and it is carried out in accordance with the drawing and
specification.
3. Activities where supervision is absolutely necessary.
4. Contract the CRE or DRE when faulty works occurs or where a
variation is required.
5. Agree day work records with the Contractor keep daily site
diaries and complete daily reports and ensure that the records
for plant and labour are kept accurately.
6. Assist the CRE and DRE in taking measurement, level and
other details as may be necessary for progress payment,
variation order, changes, etc.

d. Clerk/Typist
Assisting the CRE in the following:
1. Office administrative work, preparation of monthly reports.
2. Typing miscellaneous correspondence, report, memo, minutes
of meeting and filing system.

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3. In charge of incoming request for inspection form & checklist

for quality plan.
4. In charge of filing system, update annual leave and medical
records, time sheet, overtime and others staff related matter.
5. Prepare and update for laboratory test record.

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6.4 INSPECTION REQUIREMENT

6.41 GENERAL

In general the inspection personnel must ensure that each of the

following items is adhered to:

a. That all material and workmanship are in accordance with the

specifications and the acceptable good practice.
b. The quality control testing of material is at an acceptable level of
workmanship.
c. That all works are to be in accordance with the level, alignment,
dimension, and cross-sections as specified in construction
drawings and specifications.

380

6.42 ITEMS OF WORKS AND INSPECTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT :

In carrying out the supervision of reservoir construction, access road,
booster station and pipe laying works, various types of works will be
involved. Supervisory staffs are required to carry out their duties
through the following controls.

a. Site clearing for reservoir site access road.

Site boundary or L.A boundary and ground level shall be
established first and shall be verified by a licensed surveyor prior to
commencement of site clearance, grubbing and bush trimmings. All
TBM and other offset points shall be established and well
preserved.
b. Stripping of topsoil.
Prior to stripping of topsoil, joint survey for spot level shall be
carried out. Topsoil can be stockpiling for future use, or dispose off
at contractors disposal site. To check all requirements or permit by
various Departments such Pejabat Tanah, PTG and other are
complying.
c. Excavation for Reservoir Site.
-

To carry out inspection and spot checks on level.

To carry out part time inspection for all phases of works.

d. Excavation and Filling for access road.

-

To carry out inspection on the excavation.

Remove all unsuitable material.

To carry out compaction test.

To ensure all work in accordance to the drawing.

To carry out full time inspection for all phases of works.

381

e. Access road - Laying of sub-base, road base, binder and

wearing course.
To carry out initial inspection of work area, to inspect material and
full time inspection of all phases of works including carrying out the
final inspection.
f. Construction of Reservoir-Excavation
- To check the formation level is correct, spot checks as works in
progress (hardcore, level, formwork, orientation of pipeworks,
size and spacing of reinforcement, etc.)
- To carry out inspection on materials such as aggregate, sand,
reinforcement, formwork, etc. Full time supervision during
concreting.
- To supervise on preparation of test cube and witness testing. To
carry out spot check on the curing of concrete.
g. Pipe Supply
- To check whether manufacturer is approved by IKRAM/SIRIM.
- To arrange factory visit.
- To carry out inspection at factory during casting of pipe.
h. On Shore Pipe Laying
- To carry out inspection on pipe delivered to site. Safety
precaution (adequate warning signboard, flagman, etc).
- To carry out full time inspection of all phases of works including
final inspection. To check all levels are correct.
- To check welding and wrapping.
- To check sand bedding and sand filling, if applicable.
- To check on compaction after backfilling.
- To carry out inspection on air test for welding (where applicable),
to carry out pressure and leakage test
382

i. Submarine Pipe Laying

To carry out inspection of work area, and full time inspection of all
phases of works. The inspection procedure shall generally follow
HDPE Submarine Pipeline Installation Procedures.

j. Miscellaneous on Pipeworks -Thrust block, support block,

manholes and chambers, etc.
To carry out inspection of work area, verify the dimension and part
time inspection of all phases of works.

k. Booster Station - Installation of M&E Equipments

To carry out inspection of work area and full time inspection of all
phases of works.
l. Telemetry System - Installation
To carry out inspection of work area and part time inspection of all
phases of works.
m. Joint Measurement for interim valuation
To carry out full time joint survey/ inspection for interim valuation.
n. Safety
To carry out spot check on safety precaution in all stages of works.

383

6.5 QUALITY CONTROL AND STANDARDS

The quality control testing is to be carried out in accordance to the
following testing standards :

I.

The Malaysian Standards

II. The British Standards

III. ASTM : The American Society for Testing and Materials
IV.

API American Petroleum Institute.

384

6.6 QUALITY CONTROL METHODS

The following are the quality control guides that are to be strictly
followed;
6.61 Compaction Control of Earth Materials and Aggregates
Samples of materials to be compacted are taken from the work
area immediately prior to compaction and tests are to be carried out
in accordance with B.S 1377 Compaction Test with a 4.5 kg.
Hammer method.

After compaction of earthworks, field density test using sand

replacement method or methods stipulated in conditions of contract
are to be carried out.

Compaction test are to be carried out in advance of compaction

operations.

As a general rule, one compaction test is to be carried out for every

2 to 4 field density test of variable materials, and for every 5 to 8
field density test for relatively uniform materials.

Frequencies of field density tests are to be as follows :

i.

Earth embankment: 1 test per 500 metre square for each

layer of compacted material.

ii. Top 300 mm of sub grade lower sub base: 1 test per 300
metre square for each layer of compacted material.
iii. Gravel surface sub base: 1 test per 200 metre square for
each layer of compacted material.

385

iv. Crushed aggregate road base: 1 test per 150 metre square
for each layer of compacted material.
v. Shoulders (earth/gravel): 1 test per 150 metre square for
each layer of compacted material.
vi. Granular bedding for culverts and pipes: 1 test per 25 metre
length of culvert pipe.
vii. Granular bedding for other structure: 1 metre per layer per
25m length of structure, or per footing, or per 200 metre
square of foundation slab.
viii. Backfill for structure: 2 test per layer per structure for each
25m length of structure.
ix. Backfill for subsoil drain: 1 test per layer per 50 metre length
of trench.
6.62 Earthwork and Flexible Pavement Materials
i.

Determine

Atterberg

limits,

swelling

or

shrinkage

characteristics and content of organic materials in soils that

are unsuitable for embankment material.

ii.

Determine plasticity index and gradation analysis of material

proposed for granular fill, bedding, drainage blanket,
porous/granular backfill to structures, aggregates, aggregate
filters/drains, etc.

iii. Atterberg limit, plasticity index and gradation analysis, B.S

1377 Compaction Test, CBR test (soak CBR) are to be
carried out on fill materials used for lower sub base, and top
300mm of sub grade of road embankment.

386

iv. Testing of earth shoulders are to be carried out in same

manner as for lower sub base.
v.

For gravel shoulders, gravel surfacing, sub base and

crushed aggregate, road base test for every 750 cubic
metres of materials are to be carried out :

a.

Atterberg limit and plasticity index

b.

Gradation analysis

c.

B.S 1377 Compaction Test

d.

Soak CBR test

e.

Determination of flakiness index

f.

Determination of percent of particles in fractured face.

vi. Order test deemed appropriate but not limited to sodium

soundness test and aggregate crushing value test.

6.63 Control of concrete and structures

a. Concrete Aggregates
Aggregates shall not contain alkali reactive silica. Routine test are
to be carried out at the following frequencies:
Gradation test: 1 per stockpile per 100 tons of aggregate.
Specific gravity and absorption test: 1 test per stockpile per 1,000
tons of aggregates.
Particle shape test, e.g. flakiness index, % elongated: 1 test per
stockpile per 1,000 tons of aggregates. (for coarse aggregate)
Determination of clay and silt content: 1 test per stockpile per 1,000
tons of aggregate.
387

Organic impurities: 1 test per stockpile per 1,000 tons of aggregate.

(for fine aggregate)
Other tests to be carried out include,
i.

Sodium sulphate soundness test for coarse and fine

aggregates,

ii.

aggregate crushing value test,

iii.

determination of chloride content

iv.

determination of sulphate content.

In the case of marine aggregates for both fine and coarse

aggregates, test for chloride content must be regularly carried out.
The test is carried out using manufactured titrator strips. A
frequency of 1 test per 100 tons of aggregate stockpile or 2 tests
per batch or material source is recommended.
b. Water for concrete
Whenever water quality for concrete manufacture is doubtful,
analyses are to be carried out to test for excessive acidity or
alkalinity, sulphate content, and chloride content.
Chemical analyses are to be sent to the chemical laboratory, while
samples to determine their effects on mortar setting time and
compressive strength are to be sent to the approved laboratory.
About 10 litres of water are needed for mortar setting time and
compressive strength test and 5 litres are required for chemical
test.

388

c. Concrete
1 batch of each concrete class or type shall be sample. Each
sample are tested for workability by slump test, 3 standard
comprehensive strength test cube and 1 for testing at 7 days and 2
for testing at 28 days.
Slump tests shall be carried out regularly during the production of
concrete.
d. Pre-cast Concrete Culvert Pipes
RCP sections that are cast on site are subject to inspection and
testing of materials and workmanship. Samples are to be loaded to
determine 28 days strength after casting, as well as to test for
compliance with load bearing specifications.
Sampling at 5% of pipe sections of each class of size of pipe
fabricated are to be tested at cracking loads, while at least 2% of
RCP pipe sections shall be load tested to failure, i.e. ultimate
strength test.
Load tests are to be carried out at the site or at concrete product
factory with the suitable test equipment to facilitate testing.

389

6.7 QUALITY CONTROL OF MANUFACTURED

MATERIAL
Generally, manufacturers certificates are required to guarantee the
quality of materials. In such cases, tests are done for the following :

a.

physical measurements of weights, density and dimensions

b.

physical measurements of protective coatings

c.

compressive strength tests

d.

tensile strength tests

e.

setting or curing

f.

hardening time tests

g.

flow rate test

h.

penetration tests, etc.

i.

radiography test on welding

j.

pressure test

k.

leakage test

List of manufactured materials where tests are to be carried out include

but not limited to :
a. M.S Pipe, D.I Pipe, HDPE etc per spec
b. Valves
c. Bitumen and bituminous materials
d. Cements
e. Corrugated metal pipes
f. Guardrails
g. Materials for road markings
h. Road signs, etc.
i.

Switchboard

390

Materials where qualities are suspected for non-reliance, a more

rigorous testing are to be carried out. Materials in this category include
a. penetration graded bitumens
b. cut-back bitumens
c. bitumen emulsions
d. cements
e. manufactured structural elements, and fittings
f. welding materials
g. corrugated metal culvert pipes
h. clay and plastic pipes for drains
i.

water stop

j.

guardrails

k. gabions cages
l.

paints

m. geotextile
n. fabrics filter materials
o. thermoplastic materials for road markings
p. joint fillers
q. waterproofing and damp-proof materials
r. bricks, etc.

391

6.8 APPROVED BUILDING MATERIAL

Approved building and manufactured material were adhering to and as
stipulated by the Malaysian Government through their publication
namely :Senarai Bahan-bahan Binaan Tempatan as issued by :
Surat Pekeliling Perbendaharaan Bil. 4 Tahun 1996 dan Surat
Pekeliling Perbendaharaan Bil. 6 Tahun 1997.
And published copies can be obtained from :
SETIAUSAHA
URUSETIA BAHAN BINAAN
INSTITUT KUALITI & PERSIJILAN IKRAM
KUMPULAN IKRAM SDN BHD
JALAN SEPANG
43000 KAJANG, SELANGOR
Tel :

03-8373320 Ext 303, 349, 393, 261

Fax :

03-8367254

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6.9 SUPERVISION MANUAL

6.91 The Reasons For The Supervision Manual

1. This supervision manual is designed to represent good engineering

practices and guidance to all supervisory staff during the
construction of the project.
It is intended principally for the use of inspectors and technicians.
However, Engineers should acquaint themselves with its contents
and ensure that inspectors and technicians work according to it.
2. It will not be possible to cover every aspect of the construction and
this manual is not intended to be a complete guide.
If you are in doubt about anything do not keep quite about it. Ask
someone. Everyone from the Engineer down to your fellow peers
will give you the benefit of his experience.
This manual is issued for guidance only and it is not to be read as
taking precedence over the Specification.
3. Always bear in mind that until a particular aspect of any work is
complete, you cannot be certain that the Contractor will not comply
or has not complied with the Specifications in respect of
workmanship and materials. You must draw the Contractors
attention to any non-compliance with the Specifications and report
to your Engineer at the same time. The Engineer will decide on the
next line of action. Most Contractors will welcome constructive
criticism and suggestions. However, take note that advice could
sometimes be interpreted to be an instruction.
4. If you certain that materials for the permanent works do not comply
with the Specification, inform the Contractor and contact your
Engineer if the Contractor is reluctant to take corrective action.
393

If you discover that the materials do not comply with the Specifications,
request the laboratory staff to check them and make sure that your
Engineer is informed is informed of the test results.

6.92 ADMINISTRATION
a. General
i. Hours of work will generally be defined by the Engineer under
whom you are working. Your particular duties will be
allocated by the Engineer.
ii. Time sheets must be filled in at the appropriate time and
signed by the Engineer
b. Personal Diaries
These are to be completed daily by all staff to record events
pertaining to the progress of the Works and in particular with
regard to their own involvement in these events, whether by
observation or direct action. Items to be recorded shall include :

i.

Work carried out by the diarist, i.e. site supervision, level

checking, etc.

ii.

Work carried out by the Contractor with reference also to

events of note, e.g. commencement of earthworks,
bridge works, piling, etc.

iii.

Instructions given to the Contractor and either written or

verbal any other conversations with the Contractors
representatives.

iv.

Inspections made, any decisions given, to whom, and

when.

v.

Conservations and agreement with other parties e.g. land

owners,

local

authorities

and

public

utility

representatives.
394

vi.

Contractors Constructional Plant on Site, type and

location, and whether working, standing or in disrepair.

vii.

Operations being carried out with respect to plant and

labour, and any general comment on the suitability of
these to the tasks in hand. It shall be noted that for
certain operation, there is to be a specific works progress
record attached to the daily reports as described below.

viii.

The diary will be supplied by the Chief Resident

Engineers office and if you have not been supplied with
one, you shall ask for it.

c. Daily Reports

This shall be completed not later than the following day

and shall be as complete as possible and shall include
the following :

i. The reservoir and pipeline identities shall be shown. In the

case of earthworks, the locations of both cut and fill shall
be stated. For pipelaying works, the start and finish
chainage must be shown.

ii. For the purpose of identification, a rough sketch shall be

included.
iii. A complete list of the Contractors labour and plant shall be
included. Where work is being carried out on day works,
the details on names and job positions (e.g. lorry driver,
crane operator, etc.) are essential together with their hours
of work.

395

iv. A complete list of the plant being used shall be included.

Working hours shall be stated and also if any plant is
standing or broken down.
Again, if the work is being done on day works plant,
identification numbers shall be included.
v.

Where work is being carried out on a day work basis,

materials shall also be stated.

vi.

A description of works being carried out shall be included.

Examples are :

vii.

ix.

Concrete Base of Reservoir Panel 1

Laying of 600mm from CH 100mm CH 110mm

Laying sub-base

A statement on weather shall be included. Examples are :

-

Fine all day

Heavy shower 10.30 11.15 am

No work rain all day

The report shall note any difficulties that were encountered

and how they were overcame.

x.

The names of all visitors to the site shall be included.

Typically, daily reports shall include where appropriate

to the writer;i.

Topsoil strip location and depth.

ii.

Earthmoving operation, location, haul distances,

material,

plant

and

outputs,

weather,

material

classification, suitability and compaction records

(nothing

reference

to

moisture

contents,

also

hardness of materials and strata levels with reference

396

to rock claims, e.g. use of rippers or pneumatic

plant).
iii.

Soft sport locations, dimensions, material above and

below.

iv.

Drainage type, chainage, amendments (if any).

v.

Sub-base - location, state of formation at time of

instruction.

vi.

Pavement construction location, weather, materials

being laid, layer depth and extra depths, air and
material temperature.

vii.

Reservoir works progress daily record for each

structure

of

labour,

plant

and

constructions,

reinforcement, etc.
viii.

Pipe laying route, pipe diameter, chainage, length

laid, sand filling, concrete surround, road crossing,
obstruction, etc.

ix.

Concrete pour weather, quantity and grade, test

cube taken (if any), curing.

x.

Top soiling and turfing location, weather.

Inspectors are to append to their daily reports their

retained copies of all relevant forms issued such as
Request for Inspection.

397

6.93 GENERAL

A. Setting Out
i. The responsibility for setting out the Works is the Contractors.
The Engineer with the assistance of the Inspector of Works
will check that the Contractors setting out is correct.

ii. Before the Contractor starts any aspect of the Works, make
sure that the Engineer is notified. To assist with the detailed
setting out, reference stations will be established. Check these
occasionally to see that they have not been damaged. If there
is suspected damage, notify the Contractor immediately as
well as the Engineer.

iii. Always check that you and the Contractor are working to the
latest edition of the Drawings. A register of Drawings is kept
by the Site Clerk or another in the Engineers site office.

iv. Where simple checks from the reference points can be done,
these shall be carried out by the Engineer, Inspectors of
Works and technicians.

v. The setting out of the Works, inclusive of cross-section

surveys and pegging shall be carried out intervals of not
greater than those specified

398

B. Quality of Material and Testing

i.

The job can only be as good as the materials that are used.
Substandard materials will give a substandard job. The
responsibility for testing for acceptance is generally that of the
Engineer (soil and materials). You should see that materials that
have deteriorated are not used e.g. concrete that has been
mixed too long or rebar that has mill scale or excessive rust.

ii. Report to the Engineer any new material that the Contractor
brings to Site including a change in fill material in the
earthworks.

C. Construction Plant and Labour

i.

The end product of the job will depend very largely on the
performance of the Constructional Plant and labour. Check
particularly that vibrating equipment, rollers, concrete vibrators,
etc. are functioning correctly. If not, advise the Contractor and
inform your Chief Resident Engineer.

D. Information From The Contractor

i.

It is important to know in advance what work the Contractor

intends to carry out. Official programmes information will be
supplied by the Contractor and your Chief Resident Engineer
should let you know what is planned for your part of the Works.
Try to think ahead and request information from the Contractor
on such things as times of concrete pours so that shuttering and
reinforcement can be finally approved or whether temporary
works i.e. stream diversions are needed.

399

ii.

If you are not certain how any particular aspect is going to be

carried out, ask both the Contractor and your Engineer.

E. Inspection and Approval

i.

The Contractor shall obtain approval to commence any aspect

of the Works and to obtain approval upon completion. You must
not unnecessarily delay the Contractor as this can give rise to a
claim and needless expenditure. Check each stage of the work
as it proceeds and correct any errors as they appear. A final
inspection shall be made when the Contractor says that he is
ready to proceed to the next stage.

ii.

It is not to the benefit of the project for an inspector or

technician to leave his comments on work until the Contractor
has completed it. Comments shall be made as work is being
done.

iii. On large concreting operations, do not delay giving the

Contractor approval to start if there are minor errors that are
being worked on and will not be covered with concrete for some
time.
iv. If testing is required, notify the Engineer (soil and materials) in
advance.
v.

The system of Request for Inspection forms is to be used.

400

F. Location of Existing Services

i.

Before the Contractor begins excavation for foundations below

existing ground, particularly adjacent to existing roads, check
that underground services such as water, electric and telephone
are not liable to damage.

ii.

Drawings will indicate where services are but they shall be

exposed by pilot trenches prior to any excavation. If in doubt,
inform the Contractor who will contact the concerned service
authority if necessary. You should also inform the Engineer who
will check that the Contractor has contacted the concerned
service authority.

iii.

The same applies to heavy plant crossing of road, public or

private.

G. Existing Roads and Temporary Diversions

i.

The Contractor is obliged not to interfere with or damage roads

or make use of them without the permission of the Road
Authority. Any breach of this shall be reported in details, giving
times, names, if possible and vehicle types and registration
numbers. Where a temporary diversion is needed, it is the
responsibility of the Contractor to obtain necessary Authoritys
approval to the alignment and the type of construction and get
the Road Authoritys permission to open any diversion.

ii.

Check all diversion and plant crossings to see that they are
clean and do not have potholes.

iii. Check that signage are as approved and well maintained.

iv. At

plant

crossing,

check

that

the

Contractors

safety

precautions are adequate.

401

H. Measurement Records
i.

Generally if the Works are in accordance with the Drawings, no

measurement records need to be kept. However, if any part of
the Works is varied, then a record of the concerned work will be
required.

ii.

The Engineer will inform you of the necessity to keep records

and these must be agreed with the Contractor and signed by
him. Ensure that the records are in the format required by the
Engineer and are sent to him. For record, keep a copy in your
office.

iii.

Occasionally, the Contractor will feet that he is entitled to extra

payment that has not been instructed as such. The Contractor
may ask you to agree records of time worked of materials used
for this work. If you consider that the records he presents to you
are a fair representation of the work done, you should sign it and
add the words FOR RECORD PURPOSES ONLY.

I. Communication With The Contractor

i.

You must always be aware of the identity of your counterpart

within the Contractors organisation. He will be your main point
of communication with the Contractor. If you are unable to
identify this person, you must bring this to the attention of your
Engineer who will make the necessary enquiries with the
Contractor.

ii.

Instructions shall only be given to the Contractor on matters

where the work contravenes the Specification.

iii.

On methods of working, you can only advise or comment.

Discuss matters freely with your counterpart from the Contractor.

iv.

Do not, except in an informal way, instruct sub-contractors

representatives. Any instruction regarding a sub-contractor shall
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always be given to the Contractor. The reason for this is that the
Contract is between Employer and the Contractor.

J. Use of The Specification

Do not try to remember the Specification. Get a photocopy of the part
that is relevant to your present duties and carry it with you. If in doubt,
refer to your Engineer

K. Progress
Draw to the attention of your Engineer any aspect of the work that
seems to be slow so that he may take it up at a higher lever. Try to
find out the reasons at your level.

L. Safety on The Site

If you notice anything on Site that you consider to be unsafe, bring it

to the attention of the Contractor and your Engineer. Examples of the
type of things to look for are:

A ladder that has broken rungs or is not properly secured

at the top.

An excavation near a public access that is not properly

barricaded or adequately lit at night.

Mechanical defect in Construction Plant. This particularly

applies to any vehicle supplied by the Contractor in which
you travel. Remember its your life that is in danger.

Weak scaffolding.

Inadequate support for excavation sites.

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6.10 MAINTENANCE
i.

A certificate of Completion either for the whole of the Works or

part of the Works is issued when the works can be safety taken
over for used by the owner.

ii.

This may not mean that all works are fully complete, but are in a
state of practical completion to enable the owner to occupy and
use the same.

iii.

When the certificate is issued, the Engineer has to issue to the

Contractor a list of all outstanding incomplete or defective works.
-

It will normally be the responsibility of each Engineer to

compile the list of defects and omissions that are found.
Normally he will be assisted in this by the inspectors.

The Contractor will complete these works and any other

omissions and defects that are found during the
Maintenance Period.

On completion of all of these outstanding items and at

the end of the Maintenance Period, a Certificate of
Making Good Defects is issued which signifies that the
Contractors obligations are completed.

These items only refer to omissions and defects. Fair

wear and tear, and accident damage during the
Maintenance Period is not part of the Contractors
obligations.

iv.

Detail instructions on the above will be prepared by the Engineer

and issued at the appropriate time.

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6.11 CAUTION
i.

Familiarise yourself with the relevant parts of the Specifications

and Drawings.

ii.

Ascertain the line of command.

-

Do not exceed your powers.

Do not order any works that will delay the Contractor or

result in increase in the cost of the works WITHOUT
THE PRIOR APPROVAL OF THE APPROPRIATE
AUTHORITY.

Ensure that the Contractor adopts safety measures to

prevent site accidents.

When in doubt, ask your immediate superior.

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