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    Passive filters use units like the neper to measure gain and loss ratios. The neper, named after John Napier who invented logarithms, uses the natural logarithm of base e to calculate ratios, unlike the decibel which uses base 10. While the decibel measures power ratios, the neper can measure voltage or current amplitude ratios in electrical circuits or pressure in acoustics. Conversions can be made between nepers and decibels using their relationship to amplitude and power.

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    Passive filters use units like the neper to measure gain and loss ratios. The neper, named after John Napier who invented logarithms, uses the natural logarithm of base e to calculate ratios, unlike the decibel which uses base 10. While the decibel measures power ratios, the neper can measure voltage or current amplitude ratios in electrical circuits or pressure in acoustics. Conversions can be made between nepers and decibels using their relationship to amplitude and power.

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    25 views1 page

    Unit 44444

    Uploaded by

    kingibzz82
    Passive filters use units like the neper to measure gain and loss ratios. The neper, named after John Napier who invented logarithms, uses the natural logarithm of base e to calculate ratios, unlike the decibel which uses base 10. While the decibel measures power ratios, the neper can measure voltage or current amplitude ratios in electrical circuits or pressure in acoustics. Conversions can be made between nepers and decibels using their relationship to amplitude and power.

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    PASSIVE FILTERS

    1.NEPER

    A neper (Symbol: Np) is a logarithmic unit of ratio. It is not an SI unit but is


    accepted for use alongside the SI. It is used to express ratios, such as gain and loss,
    and relative values. The name is derived from John Napier, the inventor of
    logarithms.
    Like the decibel, it is a unit in a logarithmic scale, the difference being that where
    the decibel uses base-10 logarithms to compute ratios, the neper uses base e
    2.71828. The value of a ratio in nepers, Np, is given by where x1 and x2 are the
    values of interest, and ln is the natural logarithm.
    The neper is often used to express ratios of voltage and current amplitudes in
    electrical circuits (or pressure in acoustics), whereas the decibel is used to express
    power ratios. One kind of ratio may be converted into the other.
    Considering that wave power is proportional to the square of the amplitude, we
    have

    and

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