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2015 Krebuli Abit Kartuli Ena Da Literatura Savaldebulo Gamocda
2015 Krebuli Abit Kartuli Ena Da Literatura Savaldebulo Gamocda
2015 Krebuli Abit Kartuli Ena Da Literatura Savaldebulo Gamocda
erovnuli gamocdebisaTvis
2015
1
sagamocdo krebuli warmoadgens `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris~ sakuTrebas da daculia saqarTvelos kanoniT _ `saavtoro da momijnave
uflebebis Sesaxeb~. `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris~ nebarTvis gareSe dauSvebelia teqstSi raime cvlilebis Setana, reproduqcia, Targmna da
sxva saSualebebiT (rogorc beWdviTi, aseve eleqtronuli formiT) gavrceleba.
agreTve, ikrZaleba sagamocdo krebulebis gamoyeneba komerciuli miznebisaTvis.
Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
sagamocdo programa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
I. qarTuli ena ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
II. qarTuli literatura ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
misaRebi gamocdis moTxovnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
testuri davalebebis nimuSebi da Sefasebis sqemebi ---------------------------------- 9
I. teqstis redaqtireba -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
a) davalebebis nimuSebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
b) Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
g) komentari ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
II. argumentirebuli ese ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
a) davalebebis nimuSebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
b) Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
g) komentari ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
III. wakiTxulis gaazreba da mxatvruli teqstis analizi ---------------------------- 20
a) davalebebis nimuSebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
b) wakiTxulis gaazrebis Sefasebis sqema ------------------------------------------------------- 76
g) mxatvruli teqstis analizis Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------ 77
d) komentari ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82
abiturientebis mier Sesrulebuli naSromebis nimuSebi ------------------------ 83
I. argumentirebuli ese ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
II. mxatvruli teqstis analizi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
Sesavali
I. qarTuli ena
1. leqsikologia
2. stilistika
3. morfologia
4. sintaqsi
5. punqtuacia
sityva, misi pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvneloba; sityvis mniSvnelobis cvla: gafarToeba da daviwroeba; sinonimebi, omonimebi,
antonimebi, paronimebi, dialeqtizmebi, arqaizmebi, neologizmebi,
nasesxebi sityvebi, barbarizmebi; sityvaTa myari Sexamebani; warmoqmnili da Zireuli sityvebi; martivi da rTuli sityvebi; sityvaTa SemoklebiT SeerTeba; Semoklebuli dawera.
stilis raoba; funqciuri stilistika; leqsikuri stilistika;
sityvaTa SerCeva mniSvnelobis mixedviT; paronimebi, evfemizmebi,
Tavazianobis gamomxatveli sityvebi; stilisturi xarvezebi: tavtologia, kalki, atrofia (sityvis gamoyeneba arazusti mniSvnelobiT).
metyvelebis nawilebi: arsebiTi saxeli, jgufebi Sinaarsis mixedviT, sazogado da sakuTar saxelTa bruneba; zedsarTavi saxeli, zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis formebi, zedsarTav saxelTa bruneba damoukideblad da arsebiT saxelTan erTad; arsebiTi saxeli
msazRvrelad; ricxviTi saxeli, ricxviTi saxelebis jgufebi, ricxviTi saxelebis bruneba; nacvalsaxeli, nacvalsaxelTa jgufebi,
nacvalsaxelTa bruneba; zmna, zmnis piri da ricxvi, zmniswini,
dro, aspeqti, kilo, gardamavloba, mwkrivebi da seriebi, gvari, qceva, kontaqti; saxelzmna; zmnizeda; Tandebuli; kavSiri; nawilaki;
Sorisdebuli.
winadadeba; sintaqsuri wyvilebi, sintaqsuri urTierTobis saxeebi; winadadebis saxeebi Sinaarsis mixedviT; winadadebis wevrebi; qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis urTierToba ricxvis mixedviT; winadadebis saxeebi agebulebis mixedviT; martivi winadadebis saxeebi; Serwymuli winadadeba, erTgvar wevrTa SeerTeba; gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi; rTuli winadadeba, rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba, rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba, rTuli qvewyobili
winadadebis gadakeTeba martivad da martivi winadadebebisa _
rTul qvewyobilad; pirdapiri da iribi naTqvami.
sasveni niSnebi; sasven niSanTa xmarebis wesebi.
1. mxatvruli
teqstis
analizisaTvis
aucilebeli
literaturaTmcodneobiTi
terminebi
2. literaturuli
procesis
ZiriTadi etapebi
3. iakob xucesi
4. iovane sabanisZe
5. giorgi merCule
6. SoTa rusTveli
7. sulxan-saba
orbeliani
`sibrZne-sicruisa~, igav-arakebi: `mefe xorasnisa~, `Zunwi da vaWari~, `ugunuri mcuravi~, `samni brmani~, `mefunduke da didvaWari~.
8. daviT
guramiSvili
`daviTiani~: `swavla moswavleTa~, `qarTvel ufalTa megvartomobis igavi~, `moTqma xmiTa Tav-bolo erTi~, `qarTvelTa da kaxTagan TavianT ufalTad Seorguleba~, `sawyaulis mowyva RvTisagan~,
`daviT guramisSvilis lekTagan datyoeba~, `odes datyoebulman
urjulos qveyanas sayvarlis saxe da suraTi veRara naxa, amisi
moTqma daviTisagan~, `tyveobiTgan gaparva daviTisa~, `Svela RvTisagan daviTisa. tyveobidan gamosvla saruseToSi~, `daviT guramisSvilisagan sawuTos soflis samduravi~.
9. aleqsandre
WavWavaZe
leqsi `gogCa~.
10. grigol
orbeliani
leqsebi: `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~, `saRamo gamosalmebisa~, `pasuxi SvilTa~.
11. nikoloz
baraTaSvili
leqsebi: `aRmarT-aRmarT~, `ganTiadi~, `suliko~, `qebaTa qeba (sxvebma svan Rvino...)~; poemebi: `Tornike erisTavi~, `gamzrdeli~.
14. aleqsandre
yazbegi
15. vaJa-fSavela
leqsebi: `Cemi vedreba~, `ram Semqmna adamianad~, `kai yma~, `ias uTxariT turfasa~; poemebi: `aluda qeTelauri~, `baxtrioni~, `stumar-maspinZeli~; moTxroba `amodis, naTdeba~; publicisturi werili `kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi~.
16. daviT
kldiaSvili
17. niko
lorTqifaniZe
18. konstantine
gamsaxurdia
19. mixeil
javaxiSvili
20. polikarpe
kakabaZe
21. galaktion
tabiZe
leqsebi: `qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas~, `Tovli~, `me da Rame~, `mTawmindis mTvare~, `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~, `Serigeba~, `mSobliuri efemera~.
abiturients moeTxoveba:
enis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa (rogorc leqsikuris, ise gramatikulis)
adekvaturi gamoyeneba;
enobrivi konstruqciebis sworad ageba da Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo
enis normebis dacva;
sxvadasxva daniSnulebis teqstis Sedgena;
mxatvrul teqstTa leqsikis gageba;
literaturuli masalis safuZvelze problemis dasma, gaazreba da analizi;
nawarmoebis Temisa da ideis, motivebis, calkeuli dialogebis, mxatvruli
saxeebis, situaciis, koliziis arsisa da personaJTa qcevis motivaciis adekvaturi
gaazreba;
argumentebis logikurad, damajereblad Camoyalibeba da Sesabamisi magaliTebiT
gamyareba;
literaturuli nawarmoebis (an misi nawilis) analizi, komentari;
literaturul nawarmoebTa Soris msgavsebebisa da gansxvavebebis migneba da
SedarebiTi analizi;
mwerlis
enis,
stilis
ZiriTadi
Taviseburebebisa
da
gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebebis swori aRqma da gaazreba;
literaturuli teqstisadmi individualuri damokidebulebis gamovlena.
10
11
12
(davalebebi ## 5-8)
I.
5.
kalistrate salia daibada 1901 wels samegrelos sofel jgalSi. 1920 wels igi
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis studenti gaxda.
sabWoTa xelisuflebam salia daapatimra, ramac evropaSi xmauri gamoiwvia. amis gamo
mas da ramdenime sxva qarTvel patimars germaniaSi wasvlis ufleba misces. saliam jer
berlinis universiteti daamTavra, Semdeg _ parizis universitetis istoriul-literaturuli fakulteti. kalistrate salia iyo antisabWoTa frontis aqtiuri wevri. igi
germanul jarSi Seqmnil qarTul nawilSi Caewera, radgan fiqrobda, rom germania sa-
13
qarTvelos gaaTavisuflebda. salia aqtiurad monawileobda qarTvel samxedro tyveTa gamoxsnisa da ebraelTa gadarCenis procesSi.
1948 wels kalistratem meuRlesTan erTad daafuZna Jurnali bedi qarTlisa. es
Jurnali iyo pirveli qarTvelologiuri gamocema evropaSi. igi 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi
gamodioda safrangeTis samecniero kvlevis erovnuli centris daxmarebiT. Jurnali,
romelmac Tavi mouyara ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvelologebs, mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda qarTuli kulturis popularizaciaSi. kalistrate salia iyo oslos universitetis sapatio profesori, araerTi samecniero sazogadoebis wevri. kalistrate salia
gardaicvala 1986 wels parizSi. igi daasaflaves levilis sasaflaoze. 1988 wels, salias anderZis Tanaxmad, misi ferfli didubis panTeonis miwas miabares.
6.
mixeil (mixako) wereTeli daibada 1878 wlis 23 dekembers zemo imereTis sofel
cxrukveTSi. quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo kievis universitetSi, saidanac igi garicxes, radgan aqtiurad iyo CarTuli politikur
saqmianobaSi. mixako wereTeli, romelsac saukeTeso evropuli ganaTleba hqonda miRebuli sorbonis, Jenevisa da haidelbergis universitetebSi, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis diplomatiur misiebs xelmZRvanelobda germaniasa da skandinaviis
qveynebSi.
bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis gamo mixako wereTeli iZulebuli gaxda, rom samudamod daetovebina samSoblo. emigraciaSi myofi mecnieri nayofierad moRvaweobda. igi arCeuli iyo didi britaneTisa da irlandiis samecniero sazogadoebebis namdvil wevrad. garda amisa, igi iyo `qarTvel tradicionalistTa kavSiris~ dafuZnebis erT-erTi moTave. meore msoflio omis wlebSi mixako wereTlis ZalisxmeviT germaniis sakoncentracio banakebidan asobiT qarTveli ganTavisuflda. saxelovanma mecnierma da mamuliSvilma mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana rusTvelologiis ganviTarebaSi. 1963 wels parizSi daibeWda `vefxistyaosani~, romelic gamosacemad moamzada mixako wereTelma. 1975 wels gamovida poemis miseuli prozauli Targmani germanul
enaze. 1945 wels igi sacxovreblad gadavida miunxenSi, sadac ganagrZobda samecniero
moRvaweobas. mixako wereTeli dakrZalulia safrangeTSi, levilis sasaflaoze.
7.
mixeil TamaraSvili daibada 1858 wels axalcixeSi. TamaraSvilma sasuliero ganaTleba evropis ramdenime qveyanaSi miiRo. samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg igi Tbilisis
miZinebis taZris mRvdlad gaamweses. TamaraSvils, romelmac aqtiuri moRvaweobiT miiqcia yuradReba, xelisuflebam samSobloSi mRvdelmsaxurebis ufleba CamoarTva da
Tbilisidan gaaZeva. TamaraSvili romSi gaemgzavra da swavla ganagrZo sasuliero akademiaSi. saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg mas RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris wodeba mianiWes da amave akademiis profesori gaxda.
TamaraSvili guldasmiT ecnoboda ucxoeTSi dacul istoriul masalebs, raTa obieqturad gamoekvlia saqarTvelos warsuli. 1910 wels gamovida misi wigni `qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde~. es iyo fundamenturi naSromi, romelic sazogadoebas Cveni
qveynis istorias acnobda. wignSi Tavmoyrilia evropis arqivebSi moZiebuli uaRresad
sayuradRebo wyaroebi. amis gamo mas dRemde ar daukargavs mecnieruli Rirebuleba. TamaraSvili iyo erT-erTi pirveli mkvlevari, romelmac evropeli mkiTxveli saqarTvelos istoriasa da kulturas aziara. garda amisa, man SeZlo cnobebis moZieba sulxansaba orbelianis evropaSi mogzaurobis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, TamaraSvilis cxovreba
tragikulad dasrulda. 1911 wels man italiis erT zRvispira qalaqSi daxrCobisagan
ixsna ucnobi adamiani, TviTon ki daiRupa.DoTxmoci wlis Semdeg, 1978 wels, misi neSti
qarTul miwas miabares.E
14
8.
eqvTime TayaiSvili daibada 1863 wels sofel lixaurSi. quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis dasrulebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo peterburgis universitetSi. 1887 wels
igi samSobloSi dabrunda da Tbilisis gimnaziaSi maswavleblad daiwyo muSaoba. TayaiSvili aqtiurad monawileobda araerT arqeologiur eqspediciaSi. man daaarsa saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoeba, romelsac ToTxmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda. es sazogadoeba miznad isaxavda gaCanagebisagan exsna Cveni kulturuli memkvidreoba. eqvTime TayaiSvili gaxldaT saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. igi iyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi damaarsebelTagani.
1921 wels saqarTvelos mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda, rom emigraciaSi wasuliyo da
Tan waeRo samuzeumo Zvirfaseuloba. oficialurad ganZis mesakuTre mTavroba iyo,
Tumca erovnul saganZurs faqtobrivad eqvTime TayaiSvili meurveobda. miuxedavad
problemebisa, eqvTimem yvelaferi gaakeTa, raTa Rirseulad Seesrulebina es umniSvnelovanesi (Zalze mniSvnelovani) misia. safrangeTSi igi ganagrZobda nayofier samecniero moRvaweobas. 1925 wels igi aziis Semswavleli samecniero sazogadoebis namdvil
wevrad airCies. meore msoflio omis dasrulebis Semdeg, rodesac SesaZlebeli gaxda
Cveni saganZuris samSobloSi Camotana, eqvTime TayaiSvili TbilisSi dabrunda. mecnieri gardaicvala 1953 wels. saqarTvelos eklesiam 2002 wels igi wmindanad Seracxa.
teqstis redaqtirebis Sefasebis procesSi naTlad gamoCnda, rom abiturientTa nawili teqstis redaqtirebis nacvlad meqanikurad eZebs da asworebs calkeul formebs,
rac gaumarTlebelia, gansakuTrebiT, sintaqsuri da punqtuaciuri Secdomebisa da stilisturi xarvezebis gasworebisas. forma, romelic Secdomaa erT SemTxvevaSi, sxva
konteqstSi SeiZleba swori iyos, amitom am davalebis Sesrulebisas Zalze mniSvnelovania abiturientma yuradRebiT waikiTxos teqsti da Secdomebis gasworebisas kargad
gaiazros konteqsti. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba redaqtirebulis nacvlad bundovani, faqtobrivi SecdomebiTa da xarvezebiT savse teqsti miiRos.
rogorc nimuSebidan Cans, teqstis redaqtirebis Sefasebis kriteriumebSi qulebi
sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba iyos ganawilebuli. amdenad, zemoT mocemuli kriteriumebi
mxolod sanimuSod gamodgeba da 2015 wlis erTian erovnul gamocdebze teqstis redaqtirebis kriteriumebica da maTSi qulaTa ganawilebac SesaZloa gansxvavebuli iyos.
15
gaaanalizeT warmodgenili Tvalsazrisi, SeafaseT misi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi da CamoayalibeT Tqveni damokidebuleba naTlad, mkafiod da dasabuTebulad, argumentebi gaamyareT saTanado magaliTebiT. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT danawevrebuli. SearCieT teqstis Sesabamisi stili. daicaviT saliteraturo enis normebi.
16
I kriteriumi
qulebi
1.
2.
3.
0 naweri
aRar
swordeba
II kriteriumi
naSromis ageba
qulebi
1.
naSromi kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa gamoyofili.
2.
III kriteriumi
msjelobis dasabuTeba
qulebi
1.
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
17
IV kriteriumi
qulebi
1.
2.
naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, Tumca mkafiod gamovlinda zogadi ganaTleba; anda naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba, Tumca nawilobriv
gamovlinda zogadi ganaTleba.
3.
4.
V. kriteriumi
leqsika da stili
qulebi
1.
naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da mkafiodaa gamoxatuli, SerCeulia dasmuli amocanis Sesaferisi stili, daculia naSromis
stilisturi erTgvarovneba. gvxvdeba oriode stilisturi xarvezi.
2.
naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da mkafiodaa gamoxatuli, magram gvxvdeba stilisturi xarvezebi.
3.
4.
VI. kriteriumi
qulebi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
18
VII. kriteriumi
punqtuacia
qulebi
1.
2.
3.
19
davaleba # 1
`vefxistyaosanSi~ aRwerilia TinaTinis gamefebis Semdeg gamarTuli nadimi:
I.
dRe erT gardaxda, puroba, sma-Wama iyo, xiloba,
nadimad msxdomTa laSqarTa mun didi Semoyriloba.
mefeman Tavi dahkida, Seeqmna daRrejiloba.
`netar, ra umZims, ra sWirso?~ _ Seqmnes amisi ciloba...
Tqves, Tu: `mefe cudsa rasme gonebasa Cavardnila,
II.
Tvara aqa samZimari maTi yola ara qmnila~.
avTandil Tqva: `sograt, vhkiTxoT, gviTxras, radmca Segvecila?
vhkadroT rame salaRobo, rasaTvismca gagviwbila?~
III. adges sograt da avTandil taniTa miT kenariTa,
TviTo aivses Wiqebi, mivlen qceviTa wynariTa,
wina miusxdes muxl-moyriT, piriTa mocinariTa,
vaziri laRobs eniTa, wylianad moubnariTa:
IV.
`dagiRrejia, mefeo, aRar gicinis pirio.
marTal xar: waxda saWurWle Tqveni mZime da Zvirio,
yvelasa gascems asuli Tqveni saboZvar-xSirio;
yolamca mefed nu dasvi, Tavsa rad ugde Wirio?~
V. ra mefeman moismina, gacinebiT Semohxedna,
gaukvirda, `viT mkadrao, an sityvani viT gabedna~.
`karga hqmeno~, daumadla, brZanebani uimedna,
`Cemi zraxva siZunwisa, tyuis, vinca daiybedna~.
`ege ar mimZims, vaziro, esea, rome mwyenia:
VI.
sibere maxlavs, davlien siymawvilisa dRenia,
kaci ar aris, siTganca sabrZanebeli Cvenia,
rome mas Cemgan eswavlnen samamaconi znenia.
VII. erTai mivis asuli, nazardi saTuTobiTa:
RmerTman ar momca yma-Svili, _ var sawuTrosa TmobiTa, _
anumca mgvanda mSvildosnad, anu kvla burTaobiTa;
cotasa Semwevs avTandil Cemganve nazardobiTa~.
VIII.
yma mefisa brZanebasa laRi wynarad moismenda,
Tav-modrekiT gaiRimna, gacineba dauSvenda,
TeTrTa kbilTaT gamomkrTalsa Suqsa velTa moafenda.
mefe hkiTxavs: `ras icini, anu Cemgan rad Segrcxvenda?~
IX. kvla ubrZana: `Tavsa Cemsa, ras icini, rad damgmeo?~
ymaman hkadra: `mogaxseneb da farmani miboZeo,
raca gkadro, ar gewyinos, ar gahrisxde, ar gaswyreo,
ar gamxado kadnierad, ar amiklo amas zeo~.
X.
ubrZana: `radmca viwyine Tqma Sengan sawyinarisa!~
fica mze TinaTinisa, mis mzisa mowunarisa.
avTandil ityvis: `daviwyo kadreba saubnarisa:
nu mohkvex mSvildosnobasa, Tqma sjobs sityvisa wynarisa.
XI. miwaca Tqveni avTandil Tqvens wina mSvildosania;
naZlevi davdvaT, movasxneT mowmad Tqvennive ymania;
moasparezed vin mgavso? _ cudniRa ukuTqmania.
gardamwyvedeli misica burTi da moedania!~
mefe laRi da wyliani gamxiarulda metad-re,
XII.
siciliT uTxra avTandils: `Svilad gzrdi, miT Se-ve-mkadre;
ici, ar giwyen, gazrdilo, miT Semomixe zedad-re.
Tu ar gawbilde, majobo, bedi geyofis bedad-re~.
20
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ra adardebda rostevans?
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
gamefebis
gamefebis
gamefebis
gamefebis
meore
meore
meore
meore
dRes
dRes
dRes
dRes
gavexumroT,
gavexumroT,
gavexumroT,
gavexumroT,
savse
savse
savse
savse
Senma
Senma
Senma
Senma
WiqebiT
WiqebiT
WiqebiT
WiqebiT
asulma
asulma
asulma
asulma
mefisaken
mefisaken
mefisaken
mefisaken
gaemarTnen
gaemarTnen
gaemarTnen
gaemarTnen
da
da
da
da
SeSfoTda da gabrazda.
gaukvirda da Cafiqrda.
gauxarda da gaecina.
gaukvirda da gaecina.
rom
rom
rom
rom
daberda
daberda
daberda
daberda
da
da
da
da
21
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 10. romel mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori striqonSi: `...kbilTa gamomkrTalsa
Suqsa velTa moafenda~?
a) hiperbolas.
b) Sedarebas.
g) epiTets.
d) gapirovnebas.
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
22
davaleba # 2
`vefxistyaosnis~ avtori mogviTxrobs TinaTinisa da avTandilis Sexvedris Sesaxeb:
I.
gaZrcvilsa tansa emosnes yaryumni usapironi,
eburnes moSliT rideni, fasisa Tqmad saWironi,
hSvenodes Savni wamwamni, gulisa gasagmironi,
mas TeTrsa yelsa ekidnes grZlad Tmani, ar uxSironi.
daRrejiT iyo mjdomare ZoweuliTa ridiTa,
II.
avTandils uTxra dajdoma wynarad, cnobiTa mSvidiTa.
monaman selni daudgna, dajda krZalviT da ridiTa,
piris-pir pirsa uWvretda, savse lxiniTa didiTa.
III. qalman ubrZana: `zari mlevs me amisisa Txrobisa;
mwadda ara-Tqma, romlisa Rone ara maqvs Tmobisa,
magra icia mizezi Senisa aqa xmobisa,
rad vzi quSad da daRrejiT, asre mixdili cnobisa?~
ymaman hkadra: `sazarosa Cemgan TqmaRa viT iqmnebis?
IV.
mzesa mTvare Seeyaros, dailevis, da-ca-Wnebis;
azrad arad aRara mcals, Tavi Cemi megonebis,
Tqvenve brZaneT, raca gimZims, anu raca gekurnebis~.
V. qalman uTxra saubari kekluc-sityvad, ar duxWirad;
ityvis: `Tuca aqanamdis Cemgan Sors xar danamWirad,
23
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
ra azrs gamoxatavs striqoni: `mwadda ara-Tqma, romlisa Rone ara maqvs Tmobisa~?
vcdilobdi, ar meTqva is, risi atanac qals ar SeeZlo.
vcdilobdi, meTqva is, risi Tqmac, vicodi, guls matkenda.
vcdilobdi, ar meTqva is, risi uTqmelobac aRar SemeZlo.
vcdilobdi, meTqva is, risi Tqmac yvelasaTvis aucilebeli iyo.
a)
b)
g)
d)
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
24
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
TinaTinis
mwuxareba.
davaleba.
miuwvdomloba.
ganrisxeba.
dailevis, da-ca-Wnebis~?
metafora.
ironia.
epiTeti.
sarkazmi.
ra azris gamoxatva surs avtors striqonSi: `azrad arad aRara mcals, Tavi Cemi megonebis~?
sakuTari Tavi madardebs, amitom ganSorebas ver gadavitan.
fiqris unari aRara maqvs, amitom yvelafers Sevasruleb.
fiqris unari aRara maqvs, radgan sakuTari Tavi madardebs.
yvelafers usityvod Sevasruleb, Tumc ganSorebas ver gadavitan.
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
ras gulisxmobs TinaTini sityvebSi: `...Tuca aqanamdis Cemgan Sors xar danamWirad, mikvirs, mogxvda wamis yofad saqme Sengan saeWvi rad~?
marTalia, Sors iWerdi Cemgan Tavs, magram mainc mivxvdi, rom giyvardi.
aqamde Sors meWira Sengan Tavi, magram ukve SegiZlia xSirad mnaxo xolme.
aqamde Sors meWira Sengan Tavi, magram axla wamierad agisrulda natvra.
yvela meubneboda, rom giyvardi, axla ki mec davijere Seni siyvaruli.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ironiulad.
momxibvlelad.
mkacrad.
mrisxaned.
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
imis
imis
imis
imis
is
is
is
is
miuxedavad,
miuxedavad,
miuxedavad,
miuxedavad,
Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan
rom
rom
rom
rom
25
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
avTandilis vaJkacobis.
mijnuris erTgulebis.
samSoblos siyvarulis.
ficis gautexlobis.
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
26
davaleba # 3
yuradRebiT waikiTxeT aleqsandre WavWavaZis leqsi `gogCa~ (Semoklebuli varianti):
I.
gogCa, tba vrceli, xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi,
odesme zvirTTa aRqafebiT Relavs mrisxaned;
zogjer, viT broli gulubryvilo, wminda, uZravi,
Tvis Soris xatavs cisa laJvards da mTaTa mwvaneT.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
27
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 7.
ras gulisxmobs avtori sityvebSi: `mxolod awmyoze ras dabmulxar, xedvav brmo-
a)
b)
g)
d)
alegoria.
groteski.
Sedareba.
hiperbola.
bilo!~
is adamiani,
is adamiani,
is adamiani,
is adamiani,
romelic
romelic
romelic
romelic
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
V strofis mixedviT, vin afarebs Tavs xandaxan tbis napirebze arsebul nangrevebs?
banovani.
vaWari.
momlocveli.
usaxlkaro.
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
banovans.
ers.
mefes.
moqalaqes.
28
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
megobrobis.
sasowarkveTilebis.
siyvarulis.
SiSis.
rogorc
rogorc
rogorc
rogorc
maradiulobis gamomxatvels.
momavlis imeds.
warsulis matianes.
yovelives momspobs.
banovanTa silamazis.
drois ulmoblobis.
mefeTa Zlierebis.
samSoblos siyvarulis.
(1) 15. romeli striqonebi gamoxatavs yvelaze ukeT am nawarmoebis umTavres azrs?
a) `gogCa, tba vrceli, xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi,
odesme zvirTTa aRqafebiT Relavs mrisxaned~.
b) `aha, Cvenisa momavlisac namdvili xati;
mxolod awmyoze ras dabmulxar, xedvav brmobilo!~
g) `aqac uRrRniaT Sursa, mtrobas gulebi xarbad;
trfialni aqac SemsWvalvian kvlav erTmanerTTa~.
d) `ravdengzis mTvares, Tavmomwones, maTTan STaxedviT
ugrZvnia Tvisi Cagrul-yofa da moRrublvila!~
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
weriTi davalebis instruqcia:
yuradRebiT gaecaniT davalebis pirobas.
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
29
davaleba # 4
yuradRebiT waikiTxeT grigol orbelianis leqsi `saRamo gamosalmebisa~:
I.
mze Caesvena: mis Suqi gamosalmis Jams kavkassa,
Tavsa exveva alersiT, viT qali mamas moxucsa!
bumberaz mTani mdumared caTamdis ayudebulni,
hsxedan, viT devni, spetakis yinul-gvirgviniT Semkulni!
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
30
(1) 1.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
ra miznis miRweva surs avtors striqoniT: `vmzer... Sors ZlivsRa hsCans... aRar
hsCans... raRasa vumzer Smagqmnili?~
Seqmnas megobarTan gamoTxovebis sevdiani suraTi.
Seqmnas samSoblosTan ganSorebis dinamikuri suraTi.
Seqmnas satrfosTan ganSorebis dinamikuri suraTi.
Seqmnas siWabukesTan gamoTxovebis tragikuli suraTi.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
moxuci
moxuci
moxuci
moxuci
megobris gamgzavrebis.
megobris daRupvis.
siyvarulis dabrunebis.
siyvarulis dakargvis.
31
(1) 10. lirikuli gmiris ra gancdas gamoxatavs striqoni: `da vin ganmiRos aw kari bedisa dakargulisa?~
a) aRSfoTebas.
b) gaognebas.
g) mrisxanebas.
d) sasowarkveTas.
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ugunurebaa
ugunurebaa
ugunurebaa
ugunurebaa
gjerodes,
gjerodes,
gjerodes,
gjerodes,
rom
rom
rom
rom
megobris dakargviT.
rwmenis dakargviT.
samSoblos dakargviT.
siyvarulis dakargviT.
bunebis silamazis.
samSoblos siyvarulis.
siyvarulis warmavlobis.
sulieri amaRlebis.
32
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
III.
IV.
33
VI.
(1) 2.
I strofis romeli striqoni gamoxatavs azrs, rom buneba lirikuli gmiris guneba-ganwyobilebis Tanaziaria?
I striqoni.
II striqoni.
III striqoni.
IV striqoni.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
34
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
romeli fraza azustebs avtoris azrs: `ar vici, am dros Cems winaSe Cveni cxovreba rad iyo fuWi da mxoloda amaoeba?..~
`vin icis, mtkvaro, ras butbuteb, visTvis ras ityvi?~
`mainc ra aris Cveni yofa _ wuTisofeli, Tu ara oden sawyauli aRuvsebeli?~
`rodis iqneba, is samefoca Cveni iyos?~
`Tund keTil mefe rodis aris mosvenebuli?~
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 9.
ratom iwyebs avtori IV strofSi mefeebis Sesaxeb saubars? (upasuxeT III strofSi
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT).
a)
b)
g)
d)
imeds.
momavals.
tanjvas.
cxovrebas.
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ras gulisxmobs avtori sityvebSi: `unda kideca mivdioT mas, gvesmas mSoblisa~?
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
adamianma
adamianma
adamianma
adamianma
adamianis daniSnulebis.
mefeTa Rvawlis.
samSoblos siyvarulis.
cxovrebis amaoebis.
wuTisoflis
wuTisoflis
wuTisoflis
wuTisoflis
35
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
davaleba # 6
yuradRebiT waikiTxeT nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsi `vpove taZari~:
I.
vpove taZari Sesafari, udabnod mdgari;
mun enTo marad uqrobeli wmida lampari.
angelosTagan ikroda mun daviTis qnari
da ganismoda ciur dasTa galobis zari!
II.
III.
IV.
36
V.
VI.
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
ra gancda eufleba lirikul gmirs wminda siyvarulis uflisaTvis Sewirvis Semdeg? (upasuxeT III strofis mixedviT).
a)
b)
g)
d)
ararealuri.
groteskuli.
realuri.
tragikuli.
lirikul gmirs sawuTros Relva verafers aklebs.
lirikuli gmiri gaaxara sawuTros Relvam.
lirikuli gmiri daRala sawuTros SfoTvam.
lirikuli gmiri sulier simSvides eZebs.
sruli simartovis.
usazRvro bednierebis.
Rrma mwuxarebis.
xorcieli siamovnebis.
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
III strofis mixedviT, rogor aRiqvamda lirikuli gmiri udabnoSi mdgar taZars?
rogorc absurdul samyaros.
rogorc groteskul samyaros.
rogorc miuRebel samyaros.
rogorc RvTaebriv samyaros.
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
37
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ras gulisxmobs avtori striqonSi: `da daval oblad isev mwiri miusafari!~?
gapirovneba.
epiTeti.
Sedareba.
hiperbola.
lirikuli
lirikuli
lirikuli
lirikuli
gmiri
gmiri
gmiri
gmiri
Tavs
Tavs
Tavs
Tavs
damarcxebulad grZnobs.
damcirebulad grZnobs.
martosulad grZnobs.
motyuebulad grZnobs.
(1) 13. oblobisa da miusafrobis garda, lirikuli gmiris kidev ra sulieri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb saubrobs avtori VI strofSi?
a) aRSfoTebis.
b) gulgrilobis.
g) uimedobis.
d) SiSis.
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
samSoblos siyvarulis.
sawuTros cvalebadobis.
wminda siyvarulis.
wuTisoflis ulmoblobis.
adamiani
adamiani
adamiani
adamiani
ver
ver
ver
ver
38
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
davaleba # 7
yuradRebiT waikiTxeT lado asaTianis leqsi `vaJa-fSavelas naambobi~:
vin damibeda gzebi poetis,
I.
vin gamamzada sabediswerod!
nuTu amqveynad misTvis movedi,
rom unda mxolod leqsebi vwero!
II.
nuTu sxva rame, simReris garda,
ver uSvelida tkivilebs Cemsas!
an ratom aris, rom yovel qalTan
gamijnureba mCvevia leqsad?
III. umegobroba ar miglovia
da arc moleqse myavs winapari,
me zRapari Tu gamigonia,
babuaCemis Tqmuli zRapari,
IV. da mxolod jiSi mimagrebs striqons,
jiSi gmiruli, jiSi qarTuli,
babuaCemi vaJkaci iyo,
satevariT da cxeniT ganTqmuli.
V.
man did muxnarSi mohkla taxebi
da maTi xorciT mzrdida niadag,
mitom ar miyvars me artaxebi
da mitom vargvar adamianad!
39
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
SemoqmedebiTi wva.
umegobrod cxovreba.
fizikuri tanjva.
martoobaSi sikvdili.
garToba.
mijnuroba.
musika.
poezia.
40
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ris Tqma surs avtors sityvebiT: `yovel qalTan gamijnureba mCvevia leqsad...~?
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
misTvis
misTvis
misTvis
misTvis
lirikuli
lirikuli
lirikuli
lirikuli
gmiri
gmiri
gmiri
gmiri
gulmowyale adamiania.
WeSmariti mijnuria.
saukeTeso meomaria.
Tavisuflebismoyvare pirovnebaa.
mas
mas
mas
mas
bavSvobisdroindeli Wriloba.
qveynis siyvaruli.
satrfos silamaze.
bunebis mSveniereba.
metafora.
epiTeti.
gapirovneba.
Sedareba.
`gmirulma kvnesam~.
`martoden leqsma~.
`dedis xelma~.
`satrfos eSxma~.
uimedobis gancda.
gmiruli suliskveTeba.
frenis survili.
warsulis monatreba.
41
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15. romeli striqonebi gamoxatavs yvelaze ukeT am nawarmoebis umTavres azrs?
a) `verc dedis xelma, verc satrfos eSxma
ver gamiyuCa Wabuks iara...~
b) `man erTxel gangeb damkoda mxarSi
da ucodveli sisxli madina~.
g) `radgan am qveynad misTvis movedi,
rom unda mxolod leqsebi vwero...~
d) `umegobroba ar miglovia
da arc moleqse myavs winapari~.
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
42
davaleba # 8
yuradRebiT waikiTxeT lado asaTianis leqsi `cixis sizmari~:
I.
roca mTvare Sewyvets kaSkaSs
da bnels Semoixvevs,
ise, rogorc daRlil vaJkacs,
mZimed sZinavs cixes.
II. sZinavs cixes, natamali
xmac ar akrTobs smenas,
sZinavs cixes da Tamaris
saocnebo senaks.
III. sZinavs, fiqrebs alamazebs
da sizmarSi xedavs,
rom mis beber galavanze
arwivebi sxedan.
IV. rom kvlav ismens ZvelTa velTa
niav-qaris nanas,
rom mis beber saZirkvelTan
qarTvelebi dganan,
V. rom dilisken, roca dneba
muqi Suqi mTvaris,
galavanze gadmodgeba
saqarTvelos Tvali.
VI. ixureba jixurebad
daRrubluli sivrce,
dedofali iyureba
artanujis mxrisken.
VII. sZinavs cixes, janiani
TrTis da sizmrad xedavs:
es qarTvelTa jari aris
Tu uRrani xeTa,
VIII. es nislia Cveneburi _
mzesaviT rom moCans,
Tu qarTvelTa Zveleburi
Calisferi droSa.
IX. visken moaqvT es almebi,
vis uxdian CaCqans.
es _ Tamari esalmeba
saqarTvelos laSqars.
X. ixureba jixurebad
daRrubluli sivrce,
es _ Tamari iyureba
artanujis mxrisken.
XI. sZinavs cixes, magram diliT
mze rom iwyebs kaSkaSs,
eRviZeba, rogorc ZiliT
dasvenebul vaJkacs.
XII. eRviZeba, rogorc sisxliT
gagiJebul mxedars.
eRviZeba, magram ZilSi
naxuls veRar xedavs,
XIII. veRar xedavs, gaavdeba,
aSlis xavsis balans
da gruxunebs naadrevi
gazafxulis gvarad.
XIV. mere isev alamazebs
sizmriT Tavis sve-beds
da xavsian galavanze
arwivebi Tvlemen.
43
44
45
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
davaleba # 9
TxzulebaSi `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ giorgi merCule mogviTxrobs:
xolo acTuna mterman xelmwifei igi da moiyvana man dedakaci siZvisai cixesa mas Sina.
da viTarca esma netarsa grigols saqme igi sulisa ganmxrwneli, Sewuxna friad. da
amxila pirispir xelmwifesa mas. xolo man aRuTqua codvisa mis gantevebai da dedakacisa mis wargzavnai, vinaica moeyvana igi. da ver daamtkica Tvisi brZanebai, rameTu daemona gulisTqumasa.
xolo netarman grigol pova Jami marjue, odesca kurapalati Sors iyo artanujsa.
dResa erTsa SatberdiT warvida da miiwia mimwuxri Zirsa mis cixisasa. da kaci miuvlina dedakacsa mas Wamadisa Txovad da mun dadgomisa mizezi SeuTuala. xolo man sixaruliTa didiTa ganixara da mravalferi sanovage warsca wmidisa misTvis da mowafeTa misTa. da viTarca ganTena, kualad mouvlina kaci, raiTa mivides xilvad misa. maSin ufroisad ganmxiarulebuli mswrafl movida wmidisa mis orTa Tana mxevalTa TvisTa, raiTamca Rirs iqmna juarsa netarisa mis kacisasa.
xolo man ara daswera juari, aramed ubrZana ganSorebulad dajdomai. da mowafeni
kide-re gandges wamisyofiTa moZRurisa TvisisaiTa da egreTve _ msaxurni igi dedani,
rameTu wmidisa mis SiSi yovelTa zeda mifenil iyo. maSin hrqua mas netarman grigol:
`hoi, sawyalobelo! raisaTvis Soris col-qmarTa STaWril xar warsawymedelad Senda
saukunod borotiTa miT codviTa, romliTa damonebul xar eSmakisada da cudiTa raiT-
46
me mizeziTa sabrxe qmnul-xar didisa xelmwifisada?!~ xolo man cremliT hrqua: `wmidao RmrTisao, me Tavsa Cemsa zeda ver Tavisufal var, vinaiTgan gardareuli siyuaruli aqus Cemda momarT kurapalatsa. da aw ara uwyi, Tu rai vyo, rameTu brZanebaman sityuaTa SenTaman SemaZrwuna friad~. xolo wmidaman man hrqua: `Svilo, iqmen sruliad
morCil sityuaTa Cem glaxakisaTa da me Tavsmdeb geqmne qristeis mimarT, raiTa man Tavadman yovelni bralni Senni Segindvnes~.
da man hrqua: `wmidao mamao, xelTa SenTa var, umjobesi sulisa Cemisai izrune!~.
maSinRa juari daswera da akurTxa locviTa da SeWura madliTa da misca TvisTa
xamlTa sabeli, raiTa sartylad Seirtyas. da man yo egreT. da esreT moiyvana igi meres, rameTu pirvelve ganzraxvai netarisa dedisa Tana iyo, da Sehvedra igi dedasa febronias.
xolo raJams miiwia kurapalati cixed, ikiTxa xolo dedakaci igi. da viTar ara
pova, friad Seiurva, gulisxma-yo rai yoveli igi yofili saqme. da rameTu ara RoniTa
raiT-me kacobrivTa maxeTaiTa iyo trfial misa mimarT xelmwife igi, aramed eSmakisa
manqanebiTa esoden Zleul iyo, romel TavmoTneobai daaviwyda da mswrafl xolo movida meres. xolo netarman febronia damala dedakaci igi. da viTar iloca kurapalatman eklesiasa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisasa da miiRo locvai dedisa febroniaisi, maSin
iwyo sityuad: `uwyi-mea, dedao, raisaTvis moved aw?~
xolo man hrqua: `ufalman icis, raisaTvis hbrZane aqa~.
da man hrqua: `amis mizezisaTvis iqmna moslvai Cemi, rameTu saxlisa Cuenisa meWurWle qali iyo da yoveli monagebi Cueni xelTa misTa iyo, da mamasa grigols aqa warmouyvanebia da friadi daguaklda safaseTa CuenTagani. aw ubrZane, romel erTxel cixed
movides da yoveli mogviTualos da kualad Tquendave movides, viTarca undes~.
xolo febronia hrqua mas mkueTr: `mizezebad mizezTa codvisaTa kacTa Tana, romelni
iqman uSjuloebasa~.
ese rai esma kurapalatsa, sircxvileul iqmna marTlmxilebisa misgan kdemuli da myovar-Jam dadumna, viTarca Zleuli, rameTu xorcielad Zliersa xelmwifesa suliTa ZlierTa kacTa sZles, SeWurvilTa maT saRmrToiTa SuriTa. xolo Seurvebulman kurapalatman gulisa SeWirvebisagan Tqua: `netar mas kacsa, vin arRara cocxal ars!~
a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)
davalebis Sesasruleblad yuradRebiT gaecaniT teqsts. kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema
maSin daiwyeT, rodesac teqstis Sinaarsi mTlianad gasagebi iqneba. mocemuli oTx-oTxi
pasuxidan airCieT mxolod erTi. moniSnuli pasuxi gadaitaneT pasuxebis furcelSi
amgvarad: pasuxis Sesabamis ujredSi gaakeTeT aRniSvna _ X.
(1) 1.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
47
grigolis ra Tviseba Cans frazaSi: `xolo man ara daswera juari, aramed ubrZana ganSorebulad dajdomai~?
lmobiereba da mimtevebloba.
mrisxaneba da ampartavnoba.
saTnoeba da simtkice.
simkacre da principuloba.
grigolis azriT, ra SeiZleba iyos `siZvis dedakacis~ mier Cadenili codvis mizezi?
qali ampartavnobam Seipyro.
qali eSmaks daemona.
qalma dedofali SeiZula.
qalma saganZuri miiTvisa.
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
48
(1) 14. aSot kurapalatis ra sulieri mdgomareoba Cans missave sityvebSi: `netar mas kacsa, vin arRara cocxal ars!~?
a) aRSfoTeba.
b) gulmowyaleba.
g) sasowarkveTileba.
d) Seupovroba.
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
49
mamfali guaram didi mireanisTvis gulZvirad iyo da mswrafl xolo brZana Sekrebai episkoposTai da udabnoisa mamaTai.
da yovelni Semokrbes javaxeTs. aramed mamai grigol ara mun iyo. wadierad moelodes yovelni da martod anjmnobdes wesisa winamZRuarni igi arseni kaTalikosisaTvis
da vera daamtkices sityuai maTi. maSin eruSnelman episkoposman mis Jamisaman hrqua
yovelTa: `odes movides varskulavi udabnoTai, maSin ganemarTos saqme da ganzraxvai
yovelTai~.
da meyseulad ixiles wmidai igi momavali karauliTa Soris krebulsa mas mamaTasa
sakvirvelad xilviTa. rameTu samoseli igi Seuracxi, romel emosa moxucebulsa mas,
esreT Cnda, viTarca samoseli naTlisa brwyinvalisa ganucdelisai. xolo Tavsa missa
kukuli ixilveboda, viTarca gvirgvini sameufoi patiosanTa TualTa da margalitTagan fasdaudebelTa aRmkuli. da viTarca ixiles RmrTisamieri didebulebai misi, yovelni sixaruliT miegebnes da Seudges sityuaTa misTa sixaruliT.
xolo netarman grigol farulad mouwoda netarsa efrems da hrqua mas: `Svilo,
pativsa magis wmidisa mRdelTmTavrobisasa gafuceb, nu uSli sulierad Zmasa Sensa
arsenis!~ xolo man hrqua: `wmidao mamao, ver egebis ZmaTa CemTa episkoposTa cilobai
samarTlisaTvis, da meca Semindve, rameTu ara var amieriTgan arsenis cxovari da arca
igi _ Cemi mwyemsi~. maSin wmidaman man mksinvared hrqua: `ukueTu amas iqm, efrem, me uvarmyav, viTa ara Seni moZRuari var!~ xolo netari efrem sityuasa mas zeda sulierisa mamisa da moZRurisasa atirda da hrqua: `ficxel ars brZanebai ese, ganmkueTel ufrois
maxvilisa. aw nebai Seni iyavn da nu _ nebai Cemi, wmidao RmrTisao!~ xolo man hrqua:
`efrem sanatrelo, gisminen qristeman, raica iTxoo misgan Sen, umankoo guliTa da
wrfelo gonebiTa. da Sen uwyi, viTar RmerTsa ebrZana kaTalikosobai arsenisi sisrulisa misisaTvis. aramed mirean, mamaman misman, augian-yo uJamod SeswrafebiTa~.
amisa Semdgomad brZana guaram Semokrebai yovelTa moweseTai da maSin hrqua: `wmidano mamano, episkoposno da meudabnoeno, iciT yovelTa kanoni Sjulisai, rameTu ara
brZanebs episkoposisa da kaTalikosisa mZlavrebiT dajdomasa~.
da amas sityuasa Sina augis sityuani ganamravlna da eloda pasuxsa maTgan. xolo
Tualni yovelTani xedvides mamasa grigols da episkopossa efrems. da maT daidumes
Jam erT.
maSin episkoposTa hrques efrems: `brZane pasuxi, rai jer-ars!~
xolo man Tqua: `sada mamai grigol iyos, me mun ara vikadreb sityuad~.
maSin xelmwifeman man hrqua netarsa grigols: `mamao, yovelni Sen gelian sityuad
WeSmaritebisa, rameTu uxuces xar yovelTa dRiTa da saTnovebiTa nebisa RmrTisaiTa~.
xolo man Tqua: `WeSmaritTa qristes samwysoTa ismineT glaxakisa amis moxucebulisai. rameTu arseni kaTalikosi nebiTa RmrTisaiTa kaTalikosi ars da Zviris-metyuelTa misTa, romelTa ara Seinanon, kdemul iyvnen da sruliad hrcxuenes amas sawuTrosa da mas saukunesa~.
maSin zar-hxda xelmwifesa mas, rameTu iyo igi mdabal da RmrTismoSiS. iZlia simdablisagan da Seuvrda netarsa grigols da hrqua: `wmidao RmrTisao, Semindve, rameTu dagabrkole~.
xolo man hrqua: `qristeman yovelni bralni Segindvenin!~
a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)
davalebis Sesasruleblad yuradRebiT gaecaniT teqsts. kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema
maSin daiwyeT, rodesac teqstis Sinaarsi mTlianad gasagebi iqneba. mocemuli oTx-oTxi
pasuxidan airCieT mxolod erTi da SemoxazeT. moniSnuli pasuxi gadaitaneT pasuxebis
furcelSi amgvarad: pasuxis Sesabamis ujredSi gaakeTeT aRniSvna _ X.
(1) 1.
a)
b)
g)
d)
50
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ris xazgasma surs avtors sityvebiT: `ixiles wmidai igi momavali... sakvirvelad
xilviTa~?
grigolis
grigolis
grigolis
grigolis
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
rogori iyo efremis reaqcia grigolis muqaraze _ Seni moZRvari aRar viqnebio?
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
pasuxma
pasuxma
pasuxma
pasuxma
_
_
_
_
atirda.
aRSfoTda.
gaecina.
gauxarda.
arsenis
arsenis
arsenis
arsenis
kaTalikosoba
kaTalikosoba
kaTalikosoba
kaTalikosoba
51
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
kaTalikosad
kaTalikosad
kaTalikosad
kaTalikosad
dadgena
dadgena
dadgena
dadgena
grigolTan ar SeTanxmebulao.
udrood moxdao.
CemTan ar SeTanxmebulao.
ZalmomreobiT moxdao.
(1) 13. ra reaqcia hqonda guarams grigolis sityvebze _ vinc arsens cudad moixseniebs, Sercxvenili iqnebao?
a) ganrisxda da grigols krebis datoveba mosTxova.
b) Tavzari daeca da grigols Sendoba sTxova.
g) sinanulma Seipyro, Tumca garegnulad ar gamouxatavs.
d) wauyrua grigolis sityvebs, TiTqos araferi momxdarao.
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
52
davaleba # 11
yuradRebiT waikiTxeT monakveTi nodar dumbaZis romanidan `mziani Rame~, romelSic aRwerilia sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier represirebuli dedis Sexvedra SvilTan:
kibeze uxalisod avdiodi. derefnis kari Ria damxvda, oTaxis kari SevaRe da adgilze gavqvavdi. tanSi Jruantelma damiara, muxlebi momekveTa.
Cemi oTaxi savse iyo mezoblebiT. isini gars Semoxveodnen sawols, romelzec Suaxnis WaRara, saocrad daRlili, TeTri saxis, gamxdari qali ijda. igi odnav iRimeboda
da susti xmiT yveboda raRacas. CemTvis yuradReba aravis mouqcevia. WaRara qalma mSvidad Semxeda, cota xans miyura. mere isev ganagrZo ambavi. mezoblebi sinanuliT Tavebs
iqnevdnen aqeT-iqiT, WaRara qalma uceb saubari Sewyvita da isev damacqerda, axla ufro xangrZlivad da daJinebiT, mere Tvalebi mezoblebisaken gaeqca. mezoblebi karisken Semotrialdnen. oTaxSi samariseburi siCume Camovarda. me mesmoda mxolod Cemi guliscema, viRacis skamis suliswamRebi Wriali, meti araferi. WaRara qali Tvals ar
macilebda, mere man SeSinebuli TvalebiT Sexeda Cemi karis mezobels, elikos. elikom
Tavi dauqnia Tanxmobis niSnad, maSin WaRara qali adga, mas xelebi da tuCebi ukankalebda. igi saocrad hgavda im qals, romelmac am oTaxSi 12 wlis win, Ramis oTx saaTze gamaRviZa, pirjvari gadamsaxa da mkerdze makoca. mere igi waiyvana orma mamakacma,
romelTagan erTi SeSinebuli Canda, meore ki iRimeboda da piri vercxlis kbilebiT
hqonda gamotenili. es iyo Cemi deda. axla me da mas sul sami nabiji gvacilebda. igi
modioda Cemken neli, Zalian neli nabijiT, ukve mesmoda misi sunTqva, mindoda, Sevbrunebuliyavi da gavqceuliyavi, magram ar SemeZlo. me ubralod davxuWe Tvalebi da velodi, ra moxdeboda. mere me vigrZeni misi Tavi Cems mxarze da gavigone Cumi CurCuli:
_ gamarjoba, Svilo...
_ gamarjoba, Svilo, _ da ase ganuwyvetliv, didxans, Zalian didxans, _ gamarjoba,
Svilo... me mivxvdi, rom igi eloda pasuxs, _ gamarjoba, deda, _ magram ver SevZeli.
_ gamarjobaT, qalbatono!.. _ vTqvi da tirili daviwye...
samzareuloSi vzivar da universitetis win Carigebul Wadrebs vucqer. erTi, ori,
sami, oTxi. mezoblebi dawvnen, albaT. eliko aRar Semodis da aRar meubneba _ Sedi,
biWo, oTaxSi, qva xom ar xar, codvaa is qali... xuTi, eqvsi... albaT, isic dawva, araferi ar mkiTxa, romel kursze var, romel fakultetze vswavlob, rogor var... Svidi, Svidi Wadaria, albaT, wlis CagdebiT rgavdnen, Torem meSvide Wadari yvelaze didi ratom unda iyos... axla Seval oTaxSi da vetyvi: _ daiZine, deda? es ra kiTxvaa... vkiTxav,
rogor xar, deda, an ar gewyinoT, qalbatono... ara, amis Tqma ar SeiZleba... es, albaT,
bolo tramvaia, Caivlis da dilis oTx saaTamde aRar amoivlis. am vatmans vicnob, wina baqnidan miSvebs xolme, Tan ikriWeba _ jigaro, deputati ki xar, magram bileTis
aReba ar dagaviwydes. wavida... Zin, Zin, Zin... es saaTi Cemi mxridan Ramis pirvel saaTs
uCvenebs, iqiTa mxridan, albaT, Tendeba; axla Seval da rames vetyvi. ras? ar vici... iqneb, TviTon miTxras rame...
frTxilad SevaRe oTaxis kari. dedas xelebi amoedo TavqveS da Wers ucqerda. Cem
sawolTan mivedi da davweqi. viweqi, albaT, erTi saaTi, iqneb, ori, iqneb, erTi wuTi an
mTeli 12 weliwadi. gavixsene dro im dRidan dRemde, davxuWe Tvalebi da Tvalwin dadga yvelaferi, ise cxadliv, rogorc is Svidi Wadari, magram arsad ar iyo deda, viyavi
an marto, an sxvasTan, viyavi yvelgan da yvelasTan da arsad ar iyo deda. axla me da
is viyaviT erT oTaxSi, es ar iyo sizmari, es iyo cxadi, rogorc Svidi Wadari universitetis win. axla Cven viweqiT oTaxis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi erTnairad ubedurebi, radgan es bednieri dRe dadga.
RmerTo, nuTu arafers ar metyvis, iqneb, me unda vuTxra rame?
_ Temur! _ gavigone Zalian Cumi xma.
_ Temur, Temo!.. _ xma ver amoviRe, guli yelSi momebjina. deda adga, mas koWebamde
TeTri perangi ecva da moCvenebasaviT uaxlovdeboda Cems sawols. igi movida da Cems
win muxlebze daeSva. Tvalebi davxuWe, misi aTrTolebuli xelebi safeTqlebze Semexo.
_ Temur, Cemo patara biWo, Temo, Temiko, gameci xma, Svilo! _ me mindoda, movmkvdariyavi, davyruebuliyavi, mekivla, dameZaxa mezoblebisaTvis, rom eSvelaT CemTvis.
_ Temur, ramxela xar, biWo! ram gagzarda, deda, vin gagzarda, Cemo biWo, Cemo Temiko? Sen ici, rom xval oci wlis xdebi?.. ratom, ratom mere? ratom rva wlis ar xar
isev, Cemo patara biWo, ratom rva wlis ara xar, ratom, ratom ara xar... _ igi damemxo
mkerdze da atirda. me loginidan wamovdeqi, wamovayene fexze, mxrebze xeli movxvie,
Tavis sawolTan miviyvane da davsvi.
53
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
qmnis
qmnis
qmnis
qmnis
gancdas,
gancdas,
gancdas,
gancdas,
rom
rom
rom
rom
cevia. WaRara qalma mSvidad Semxeda, cota xans miyura. mere isev ganagrZo ambavi~?
deda Tavs damnaSaved grZnobda sakuTari Svilis winaSe.
dedam ver icno Svili xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg.
dedas ar surda ganSorebis Semdeg SvilTan urTierToba.
deda SvilisaTvis arasasurveli da saSiSi stumari iyo.
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ratom ver SeZlo Temurma dedis misalmebaze gaeca pasuxi: `gamarjoba, deda~?
(1) 5.
ratom ganmartovda samzareuloSi Temuri, miuxedavad imisa, rom mezobeli eliko eubneboda: `Sedi, biWo, oTaxSi, qva xom ar xar, codvaa is qali~?
Temuri aRelvebuli iyo da ar icoda, rogor moqceuliyo.
Temuri nawyeni iyo dedaze, radgan man miatova Svili.
Temurs eSinoda, rom daapatimrebdnen dedasTan urTierTobis gamo.
Temurs eSinoda, rom deda gadasaxlebis ambebs mouyveboda.
a)
b)
g)
d)
54
(1) 6.
ra mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori frazaSi: `es ar iyo sizmari, es iyo cxa-
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
imediani.
neitraluri.
nihilisturi.
uimedo.
gauTvaliswinebelma SemTxveviTobam.
msoflio omma.
socializmis krizisma.
stalinurma reJimma.
55
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
56
57
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
ras gulisxmobs Temuri sityvebSi: `iqneb haeri unda, da me var misi macocxlebe-
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
58
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
abibom
abibom
abibom
abibom
gaacnobiera,
gaacnobiera,
gaacnobiera,
gaacnobiera,
rom
rom
rom
rom
Sinagani
Sinagani
Sinagani
Sinagani
brZolis
brZolis
brZolis
brZolis
Semdeg
Semdeg
Semdeg
Semdeg
man
man
man
man
adamiani ar daindo.
aravis ar uRalata.
gamcems ar apatia.
codva ar Caidina.
59
60
gamxdari, kidev ufro gaxda, mxrebi uaresad aewura, TiTqosda cxviric daugrZelda. gaxda, danaRvlianda Julienic. ramdenjerac ki Sevxvdi, yovelTvis sigareti eWira xelSi.
ra Tqma unda, pirispirac vxvdebodiT mezoblebi, magram lara aravisTan gaCerebula,
aravisTvis SeuCivlia, rogorc viciT xolme, _ udanaSaulo iyo mama, sxvebs Sealia Tavisi sicocxle da vin daufasa mereo. Tavdauzogavad ibrZoda mis gadasarCenad, _ am
saqmeSic xom cnobilni arian Cveni qalebi, gamorCeviT _ dediserTa qalebi mamebisaTvis. saidan, rogor, ar vici, magram mainc gamodioda gareT napatimralis janmrTelobis ambebi, _ hemoglobini Cvidmetamde hqonda dacemuli. saWmels ki ver Wamda. idga lara, uwuravda sxvadasxvagvar wvenebs, uwuravda RviZlsa da xorcsac da patara bavSvsaviT aZlevda kovziT, cali xeliT Tavwamoweuls. biWic, Julieni, kargi momvleliviT
dastrialebda Tavs papas. wuTiT ar tovebdnen martos. xan deda iyo biuletenze, xan
Svili. amgvar rameebs kolegebi Tu uxerxebdnen laras. oTx Tves gagrZelda aseTi
brZola, oTx Tveze metsac, da gazafxulze, aprilis dasawyisSi, aivanzedac ki gamoCnda napatimrali. isev ki Camoflasuli edga tansacmeli, magram Sedareba ar iyo, sakuTar fexebze idga, Tavic sworad eWira da gaSavebuli xelebiT moajirs CaWidebuli
gadahyurebda qveyanas. erTxel Cemkenac gamoixeda, Cveni Tvalebi erTmaneTs Sexvdnen.
oo, TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga.
lara gaTavisuflda mudmivi daZabulobisagan. daubrunda kargi Rimili, tuCebze
rom aCndeboda CvenTan Sexvedrisas. gaTavisuflda biWic. napatimrals axla saaTobiTac ki SeeZlo marto darCena, iwva, albaT, da kiTxulobda, an arada, fiqrebSi wasuli, Wers Sehyurebda.
erT dRes gamovida laras mama saxlidan, _ roca Sin ar iyo arc lara, arc SviliSvili, _ Cavida dabla, Caiara Cveni quCa, Cauyva vaJa-fSavelas prospeqts da iq, fostis
maxloblad, waiqca. Semoexvia xalxi, gamouZaxes saswrafo daxmarebas, waiyvanes saavadmyofoSi, magram veraferi uSveles, mokvda. vin iyo, kaciSvilma ver icno, arc piradobis mowmoba aRmoaCnda araviTari. jibeSi edo mxolod sam furcelze dawerili da oTxad gakecili werili. werili egzavneboda marto saxeliTa da mamis saxeliT moxseniebul viRac ufross, werili ki ara, moxsenebiTi baraTi. iZulebulni gaxdnen, waekiTxaT. waikiTxes, yvelaferi gairkva, Seatyobines laras... SemdegSi ambobdnen, sisulele
gaakeTeso, magram gvian iyo, werili ukve wakiTxuli hqonda laras.
me ar minaxavs is werili, magram dRes bevrma icis misi Sinaarsi. napatimrali im viRac did ufross swerda, ufro _ moaxsenebda: pirvel rigSi, vin iyo da ra damsaxurebebi miuZRoda saqveyno saqmeebSi (Canda, ufrossac unda scodnoda es), mere, riT gadauxades borotma adamianebma, rogor ewama, mainc gauZlo yvelafers da dRes isev fexze dgas, da ara marto fexze dgas, kvlavac gaagrZelebs qveynis samsaxurs da aseTad
darCeba ukanasknel amosunTqvamde. amis dasadastureblad ki acnobebda: mas hyavs qaliSvili, eqimi, ama da am poliklinikis TanamSromeli, da misi vaJi, politeqnikuri
institutis mesame kursis studenti. es deda-Svili TiTqmis yoveldRe, yovelTvis,
dila iqneba Tu saRamo, iaponuri tranzistoris meSveobiT, romelic deda-Svils
saeWvo gziT unda hqondeT SeZenili moskovSi, usmenen Cveni qveynisTvis mtrul
gadmocemebs sazRvargareTidan. mere, raRa Tqma unda, am gadmocemebis Sinaarss
avrceleben samsaxurSi da institutSi, es ki iwvevs Cveni adamianebis moralur
gaxrwnas... aseTi danaSaulebebis winaaRmdeg yvelam unda ibrZolos, yvelam, didmac da
pataramac, uSualo damnaSaveni ki dauyovnebliv izolirebulni unda iqnen Cveni
sazogadoebisagan, pirvel rigSi, Tundac, misi Svili da SviliSvili... Torem male,
albaT, gvian iqneba, gvian...
qveyanam gaigo es ambavi, magram qarTvelebi varT, mainc uamravni movidnen dakrZalvaze. mec mivedi mTeli ojaxiT, laras ZaZa emosa, Tavdaxrili ijda, xeli rom CamovarTvi, amomxeda, madloba gadamixada da, SeiZleba momeCvena, mqrqali mware Rimili gaukrTa bageze.
a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)
davalebis Sesasruleblad yuradRebiT gaecaniT teqsts. kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema
maSin daiwyeT, rodesac teqstis Sinaarsi mTlianad gasagebi iqneba. mocemuli oTx-oTxi
pasuxidan airCieT mxolod erTi da SemoxazeT. moniSnuli pasuxi gadaitaneT pasuxebis
furcelSi amgvarad: pasuxis Sesabamis ujredSi gaakeTeT aRniSvna _ X.
61
(1) 1.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
laras
laras
laras
laras
laras
laras
laras
laras
mama
mama
mama
mama
Semdeg?
imdenad rcxvenoda mamis danaSaulisa, rom xalxTan saubars Tavs aridebda.
imdeni ambavi iyo mamis Sesaxeb mosayoli, erCivna _ araferi eTqva.
imdeni energia sWirdeboda mamis movlas, rom dro aRarafrisTvis rCeboda.
imdenad eSinoda _ xelaxla ar daeWiraT mama, rom yvelas gaurboda.
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ratom ambobda zogi, sisulele gaakeTes, laras mamamisis werili rom waakiTxeso?
larasTvis umjobesi iqneboda, ar scodnoda, risTvis iyo mamamisi dapatimrebuli.
larasTvis umjobesi iqneboda, ar scodnoda, ra ewera am werilSi.
jobda, rom larasa da Juliens mogvianebiT gaegoT werilis Sinaarsi.
jobda, laras ki ara, Juliens gaego, ra ewera werilSi.
62
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ucxour
ucxour
ucxour
ucxour
radiosadgurs
radiosadgurs
radiosadgurs
radiosadgurs
da
da
da
da
(1) 11. ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT laras mamis mier dawerili moxsenebiTi baraTis mixedviT?
a) laras mama sabWoTa politikuri sistemisaTvis kategoriulad miuRebeli pirovneba unda yofiliyo.
b) laras mama partiuli muSaki an uSiSroebis komitetis TanamSromeli unda yofiliyo.
g) laras mama namdvili patrioti da saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli
unda yofiliyo.
d) laras mama ucxoeTis agenti an mtrisgan Semogzavnili diplomati unda yofiliyo.
(1) 12. romel saxelmwifos gulisxmobs laras mama frazaSi: `usmenen Cveni qveynisTvis
mtrul gadmocemebs~?
a) gaerTianebul samefos.
b) ruseTis federacias.
g) saqarTvelos respublikas.
d) sabWoTa kavSirs.
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
63
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
davaleba # 14
moTxrobaSi `antonio da daviTi~ jemal qarCxaZe gadmogvcems evropeli misioneris,
antoniosa da qarTveli yaCaRis, daviTis, Sexvedris ambavs:
daviTma Tqva:
_ antoniom gaicina. mere mSvidad ganagrZo: `geSinia. da Tu yels gamomWri, amasac
SiSis gamo Caiden. kaci kacs mxolod imitom Wris yels, rom eSinia. kacs iaraRi mxolod imitom daaqvs Tan, rom eSinia. kaci siaves mxolod imitom sCadis, rom eSinia. borotebas boroti kacic iseve Tvlis usamarTlobad, rogorc keTili, da arc Caidenda,
SiSs rom laCrad ar eqcia. laCari da boroti erTi da igivea. SiSi yvela adamians dabadebiTve Tan dahyveba, magram zogs hyofnis gambedaoba, Tvali gausworos Tavis SiSs,
zogs ara. visac ar hyofnis, is laCari da usamarTlo xdeba. Tandayolili SiSi sikvdilis SiSia da vinc SiSs batonad gaixdis, mas yvelaze mosafrTxilebeli amqveynad
Tavisi sicocxle hgonia. Sen rom icode, Seni sicocxle imaze meti ara Rirs, vidre
sxvisi, gana maSinac moklavdi kacs! Cven yvelani mSiSrebad ki vibadebiT, magram yvelani laCrebi ara varT. Sen laCari gamodeqi da SiSis daZlevas SiSis damalva amjobine,
radgan SiSis damalva ufro advilia, vidre SiSis daZleva, mokvla ufro advilia,
vidre gadarCena, gaZarcva ufro advilia, vidre daxmareba, waqceva ufro advilia, vidre wamoyeneba, siZulvili ufro advilia, vidre siyvaruli. Sen Sens Tandayolil SiSs
ver gauZeli, laCrad iqeci da ioli gza airCie. Sen yvelafris geSinia, rac Sens gareTaa, amitom cdilob, rac Sens gareTaa, yvelaferi mospo, magram es SeuZlebelia. Tavs
64
ar utydebi, Torem Tavadac ici, rom es SeuZlebelia. mTeli qveyana rom monad gaixado, rogorc Seni sulmdabali siZe gaixade monad, Sens SiSs mainc araferi eSveleba:
nadirs xom ver gaixdi monad, stiqions xom ver daCagrav da daimorCileb, zvavs xom
ver Seakaveb, warRvnas xom ver daemalebi, vulkans xom ver gaeqcevi? es ki ici, magram
ggonia, rom, Tu Sens sacodav SiSs zemodan sxvaTa sicocxle daayare, sxvaTa tanjvaSi, sxvaTa cremlebSi, sxvaTa SeuracxyofaSi, sxvaTa ubedurebaSi gaaxvie, raki veRar
dainaxav, Tavsac moityueb, viTom aRarc arsebobs. magram Seni mcdeloba mxolod Sens
ususurobas adasturebs. Sen xom araferi iseTi ar Cagidenia, rasac SegiZlia simamace
uwodo! Sen xom mudam imas Cagravdi, imas Zarcvavdi da imas klavdi, visi daCagvrac, visi gaZarcvaca da visi mokvlac advili iyo! Sen xom yovelTvis uxifaTo gzas eZebdi!
es cixec xom imitom airCie sadgomad, rom Seni siZe advili dasamorCilebeli gamodga!
Senze ufro Zliers rom gadaeyaro, xom maSinve samalavs dauwyeb Zebnas! Seni SiSi cocxalia da ar iqneba erT mSvenier dRes mTeli ZaliT ar amoxeTqos, sisxlsa da xorcSi ar gagijdes da mTeli Seni sacodavi arseba TxemiT terfamdis, Tmis Zirebamdis SiSad ar aqcios! me uiaraRod movedi aq, mkvlelebisa da yaCaRebis bunagSi, sadac ueWveli sikvdili meloda, Sen ki axaluxis qveS dambaCa gqonda damaluli, roca eklesiaSi
Semoxvedi, Tumca icodi, dabeCavebuli xalxi ubatonod xmis gacemas ver gagibedavda.
Sen cdilob, yvela monad gaixado, Tavad ki sakuTari SiSis mona xar da mudam imas akeTeb, rasac SiSi gibrZanebs. male Seni mbrZanebeli jurRmulidan amova, Tavze dagadgeba da Tvals TvalSi gagiyris. maSin naxav, ra yofila is SiSi, sxvebisTvis rom ase guluxvad imetebdi! adre Tu gvian win Segeyreba da iseT adgilas giyelebs, gasaqcevi
arsaiT geqneba. jalaTi rom saxrCobelaze agiyvans da moqanave yulfs dainaxav, romelic wamis Semdeg kiserze unda SemogeWdos, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti araferi
yofilxar... SuaRamisas tyeSi rom martodmartos mglebis xrova irgvliv Semogexveva
da nel-nela daiwyebs sasikvdilo wris Sekvras, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti araferi yofilxar. diliT rom gaiRviZeb da dainaxav, Tavze mkvleli gadgas, romlis dambaCis lula SublSi gaqvs mobjenili, maSin dainaxav, rom SiSis meti araferi yofilxar.
RviniT savse jamis daclisas rom gul-muceli CageTuTqeba da igrZnob, Turme romeliRac Sensav amxanags sawamlavi Semouparebia, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti araferi yofilxar. yvelze didi SiSi mere gelis, mas Semdeg, rac sikvdilis SiSi mogklavs. yvelaze didi SiSi maSin gelis, roca Seni codvebi matlebiviT dagexveva da Seni suli
Svebis samyofelSi Svebas ver hpovebs. ai, amis saTqmelad movedi. axla SegiZlia dauZaxo Sens ZaRlebs an Sens amxanagebs, romlebic Sens ZaRlebze ukeTesebi ar arian.~ antonio gaCumda. mec Cumad viyavi da sakuTar sxeuls vayuradebdi. iq sibrazis talRa, romelsac kargad vicnobdi, radgan Cems moqmedebas mudam is warmarTavda, ramdenjerme aizida, magram verc erTxel dasayrdeni ver ipova da amitom, ramdenjerac aizida, imdenjerve ukan daeSva...
antoniom Tqva:
_ daviTi didxans, Zalian didxans TvalmouSoreblad miyurebda da saxis gamometyveleba swrafad da xSir-xSirad ecvleboda, TiTqos Tavis TavSi iseT Zalas eZebda, romelic eWvebs gaufantavda da mtkice gadawyvetilebamde miiyvanda. bolos, etyoba, raRac ganzraxvaze SeCerda. wamiT Taviseburma cbierma da damcinavma Rimilma gadaurbina
saxeze da yoymanmac gauara. msubuqad Setrialda, sarkmels miadga da zangs dauZaxa.
mere isev mobrunda da kvlav me momaCerda. cota xnis Semdeg kari gaiRo da zRurblze
zangi gamoCnda. daviTma TiTiT miixmo. roca zangi mis brZanebaze axlo mivida, xeli
Cemken gamoiSvira da raRac uTxra. ra uTxra, ver gavige... mxolod xmis kiloTi da gamometyvelebiT Tu mivxvdebodi, raze elaparakeboda. xmis kilo mwyrali hqonda, saxe mkacri, Subli SeWmuxnili. TvalebSi risxva edga. zangma pasuxad Tavi dauqnia... mere xeliT
kari maniSna da TviTonac ukan gamomyva. es Zalian mZime wuTebi iyo... ZaRlebi WiSkrisken mimavali bilikis zemoT Cacucquliyvnen. rom gavuswordiT, yurebi dacqvites da Tavebi wamoswies. me, Cemdauneburad, Sevdeqi, zangma, romelmac Cemi SeCereba, Cans Taviseburad gaigo, ZaRlebs raRac uTxra. ZaRlebma yurebi isev dauSves. zangma win gadamiswro
da WiSkrisken wavida. mec ukan gavyevi, Tumca wamiTac ar damijerebia, rom aqedan cocxlad gaSvebas mipirebdnen. roca zangma WiSkari gaaRo da mis saxeze raRac Rimilis
msgavsi gaCnda, jer kidev veragobas movelodi. mxolod maSin, cxenze rom Sevjeqi, cixis galavans gamovcdi da zangma, romliskenac vcdilobdi ar mimexeda, Cems zurgsukan
xmauriT daxura WiSkari, mivxvdi, rom sikvdilis SiSi Turme jer kidev ver dameZlia.
65
(1) 1.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
sikeTe qveyanas
sikeTis keTeba
sikeTes xalxi
sikeTis keTeba
ufro
ufro
ufro
ufro
gardauval sikvdils.
guliTad maspinZlobas.
daviTis monaniebas.
yuradRebiT mosmenas.
66
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 10.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 11.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ras gulisxmobs antonio, rodesac ambobs: `es Zalian mZime wuTebi iyo~?
(1) 12.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
`Senze ufro Zliers rom gadaeyaro, xom maSinve samalavs dauwyeb Zebnas!~
`sibrazis talRa, romelsac kargad vicnobdi... ramdenjerme aizida~.
`axla SegiZlia dauZaxo... Sens amxanagebs, romlebic ZaRlebze ukeTesebi ar arian~.
`miyurebda da saxis gamometyveleba swrafad da xSir-xSirad ecvleboda~.
rodesac
rodesac
rodesac
rodesac
(1) 14. sakuTari Tavis mimarT antonios ra damokidebuleba Cans frazaSi: `sikvdilis
SiSi Turme jer kidev ver dameZlia~?
a) kritikuli.
b) kmayofili.
g) ironiuli.
d) mimtevebluri.
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
67
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
68
69
(1) 1.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 3.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 4.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
aleqsandros
aleqsandros
aleqsandros
aleqsandros
aleqsandros
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
gaogneba da sinanuli.
gaogneba da SeSfoTeba.
gaoceba da siZulvili.
gaoceba da sixaruli.
`gaocebisagan patara TiTebs aRar loRnidnen~.
`fexSiSvelni midiodnen fanjarasTan perangisamara qalebi~.
`isinic TvaldaWyetilni Sescqerodnen ucnob siTeTres~.
`TeTrad feTqdeboda gaocebul TvalebSi Tovli~.
eWviania.
laRia.
mowyenilia.
keklucia.
aleqsandros reaqcia qalaqelebis saqcielze.
konCentinas usafuZvlo mxiaruleba.
TxuTmeti wlis giJis sityvebi.
mosasxamSi gaxveuli domenikos gamoCena.
es
es
es
es
personaJi
personaJi
personaJi
personaJi
yuradRebis
yuradRebis
yuradRebis
yuradRebis
miqcevas
miqcevas
miqcevas
miqcevas
maRalfardovnobiT cdilobs.
simamaciT cdilobs.
moxerxebulobiT cdilobs.
TavazianobiT cdilobs.
sayovelTao mxiaruleba.
terezas gamoCena.
domenikos gamoCena.
SeuCerebeli Tova.
`ecva didi, mamiseuli tlanqi Ceqmebi~.
`faqizi nestoebi siciveSi TiTqos uTrToda~.
`cali xeliT doinji Semoeyara~.
`raRac sicelqe aSkarad Caexvia gulSi~.
`sqeli Tavsafari magrad gamoenaskva yelze~.
`tuCebmokumuli, Rimils ZlivsZlivobiT ikavebda~.
`sZuldaT suyvelaferi, rac ki terezas im susxian diliT ecva~.
`qali amodioda TovlSi, axalgazrda, bednieri qvrivi~.
tereza darwmunebuli, rom aseTi ucnauri saqcielis gamo ara`lamaz-qalaqelebs~ iumoris grZnoba ara aqvT.
yvela erideba da verafers gaubedaven.
Zalian lamazia da yvelas moswons.
moqalaqeebi qalis dacinvas ar ikadreben.
70
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
71
72
_ soxumelebo! zviadistebo! Tqve moRalateebo! aqeT ras gamorbodiT, ageRoT iaraRi da geomaT afxazebTan! alalia, rac mogividaT!..
kidev ramdenime dRis Semdeg dardiani da mSieri, sasowarkveTamde misuli Tbilisi
miealerseba soxumis mkvidrT, magram aqac aRmoCndeba xalxi, romelic ityvis:
_ es ltolvilebi sul zviadistebi arian ra! padriad! erTi magaTi!..
Cemi sityva qalis monologis sapasuxod sul ramdenime wamis mere gaisma... pirdapir
SevardnaZistoba (an sulac piriqiT _ zviadistoba) rom daebralebina CvenTvis, xmas
rogor amoviRebdi, magram agentoba? dameTanxmebiT, damamcirebelia friad, ese igi,
Cven, `stukaCebi~, aqedan iqiT ambis gadamtanebi varT, Tanac viTom gaWirvebul da bedSav xalxad mogvaqvs Tavi, arada, saidumlo rukebi da sqemebi, gaSifruli ustarebi
gvaqvs tansacmelSi Cakerebuli, da ai, Camogvglija niRabi didma qalbatonma da amiT
kidev erTi damateba Seitana soxumelTa sabraldebo daskvnaSi warmodgenil danaSaulobaTa grZel nusxaSi.
_ maS, ubrZaneT, qalbatono, gadmoiyvanon es soxumelebi avtobusidan da daxvriton!..
_ daxvriton!.. _ kidev erT sityvas vamateb msoflio oratoriis istoriaSi yvelaze
mokle gamosvlas da amiT TviTSewirvis rainduli elferiT vmosav mas. Cemi xma Zalumad gaisma salon-senatSi, mgoni, gareTac gaJona.
erTi ki Setokda `ekaterine~, magram umalve gaxevda, Cemsken ar Semobrunebula. gaisusa avtobusi. `ekaterine~ xom is qali ar aris, vinmes sityva SearCinos, magram...
is avtobusis TavSia, me _ boloSi. Cvens Soris mTeli `ikarusi~ manZilia. velodebi, _ ai, axla Semotrialdeba da gladiatorebiviT samkvdro-sasicocxlod vetakebiT
erTmaneTs. an is, an me, magram ara, ar ebmeba brZolaSi, dums. qalbatonebi ki TavianTi
savarZel-loJebidan sunTqvaSekruli dagvcqerian. maT Cveni sisxlis xilva swyuriaT,
dido qalbatono, da sad daiRvreba es sisxli _ arenis qviSaze Tu avtobusis gaTelil rezinis safenebze, maTTvis sulerTia. maT Cveni misalmebis gagoneba swadiaT...
gadis ramdenime wuTi da vgrZnob, udavoa Cemi gamarjveba _ avtobusis mbrZaneblis
skiptra xelT mipyria ukve da Semoqmeds madlobas SevRaRadeb. soxumeli qalbatonebi
madlierebiT savse TvalebiT rigrigobiT gadmomxedaven savarZelTa maRali sazurgeebidan, maTi mzera meubneba, rom Cemi vaJkacuri gamosvlisaTvis umaRlesi qulebi davimsaxure 10, 10, 10...
magram vin gacala triumfatoroba, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, _ avtobusis kari farTod
gaiRo da Cveni diplomatiuri misia Semocvivda. gadawyda _ gaRmeli qarTvelebi da gamoRmeli qarTvelebi SeTanxmdnen, rom zustad pirvel saaTze Sewyviton srola da
xidze soxumeli qarTvelebi gaataron! gixarodeT, mamuliSvilno, RmerTi CvenTanaa!..
a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)
davalebis Sesasruleblad yuradRebiT gaecaniT teqsts. kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema
maSin daiwyeT, rodesac teqstis Sinaarsi mTlianad gasagebi iqneba. mocemuli oTx-oTxi
pasuxidan airCieT mxolod erTi da SemoxazeT. moniSnuli pasuxi gadaitaneT pasuxebis
furcelSi amgvarad: pasuxis Sesabamis ujredSi gaakeTeT aRniSvna _ X.
(1) 1.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 2.
a)
b)
g)
d)
afxazeTidan
afxazeTidan
afxazeTidan
afxazeTidan
devnilebi
devnilebi
devnilebi
devnilebi
tyvebi?
imedgacruebas.
gancvifrebas.
Seuwynareblobas.
Semwynareblobas.
73
(1) 5.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 6.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 7.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 8.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 9.
a)
b)
g)
d)
ris gamoxatva surs avtors sityvebiT: `avtobusis ukana savarZelze bibliur meudabnoesaviT naxevradwamowolili da naxevradmTvlemare, naxevrad avtobusSi da
naxevrad kidev, RmerTma uwyis, sad myofi~?
sakuTari uZlurebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis.
sakuTari SemarTebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis.
sakuTari ugunurebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis.
sakuTari gulgrilobisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis.
ram ganapiroba, rom soxumidan devnilTaTvis ucnobi qalis braldeba `araxali~
iyo?
maT ukve bevrjer daabrales samSoblos interesebis sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba.
maT ukve bevrjer daabrales kanonierad arCeuli xelisuflebis damxoba.
maT ukve bevrjer usayvedures TanamemamuleTa mimarT gulgrilobis gamo.
maT ukve bevrjer usayvedures ruseTis jaris mxardaWeris gamo.
romeli fraza gamoxatavs `gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebuli qalis~ ampartavnobas?
`erTi ki Setokda... magram umalve gaxevda~.
`gvaxsenebs, rom... ekaterine WavWavaZe-dadianis memkvidrea~.
`qali sustia, mkacri ieris, ase ormociode wlis~.
`mere yvelaferi Cvens Tavs unda davabraloT~.
`viRacis mier gaxelebuli~ qalebis romeli sityvebi SeiZleba iwvevdes mkiTxvelis ironias?
`aibargeT aqedan, Tqve SevardnaZistebo! gamyidvelebo!~
`zugdidis wminda miwas ar unda daadgaT fexi!~
`mieciT, kidev mieciT SevardnaZes xma~.
`axia Tqvenze, rac mogividaT!~
(1) 10. ra azrs gamoxatavs mTxrobeli erT-erTi personaJis sityvebiT: `es ltolvilebi
sul zviadistebi arian...~?
a) am sityvebis mTqmeli gamoxatavs gulgrilobas Seqmnili viTarebis gamo.
b) am sityvebis mTqmels gulwrfelad awuxebs soxumeli devnilebis gaWirveba.
g) am sityvebis mTqmeli arafriT gansxvavdeba `viRacis mier gaxelebuli~ qalebisagan.
d) am sityvebis mTqmels kargad aqvs gaazrebuli Seqmnili viTarebis tragizmi.
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(1) 11. sakuTari Tavis mimarT mTxroblis ra damokidebuleba vlindeba sityvebSi: `TviTSewirvis rainduli elferiT vmosav~?
a) ironiuli.
b) aRfrTovanebuli.
g) Semwynarebluri.
d) usamarTlo.
(1) 12. qalis ra Tviseba Cans mTxrobliseul SefasebaSi: `is qali ar aris, vinmes sityva
SearCinos~?
a) cru da upiro adamiania.
b) TvalTmaqci da eWviani adamiania.
g) ukmexi da anCxli adamiania.
d) gaunaTlebeli da ugunuri adamiania.
(1) 13.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 14.
a)
b)
g)
d)
(1) 15.
a)
b)
g)
d)
avtobusSi
avtobusSi
avtobusSi
avtobusSi
myof
myof
myof
myof
adamianebs
adamianebs
adamianebs
adamianebs
naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi
araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba
Wirs.
naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi,
romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.
orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT
ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze calcalke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac
mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.
CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod
aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT
danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.
Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.
pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.
75
2. ------------------ d)
7. ------------------- g)
12. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------- g)
8. ------------------- g)
13. ----------------- d)
4. ------------------ g)
9. ------------------ d)
14. ----------------- g)
5. ------------------ d)
10. ------------------ a)
15. ----------------- d)
davaleba # 2
1. ------------------- d)
6. ------------------- g)
11. ------------------ a)
2. ------------------- b) 3. ------------------- g)
7. ------------------- b) 8. ------------------- g)
12. ----------------- d) 13. ------------------ g)
4. ------------------- a) 5. ------------------- a)
9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- d)
14. ----------------- d) 15. ----------------- g)
davaleba # 3
1. ------------------- b)
6. ------------------- a)
11. ------------------ a)
2. ------------------- g)
7. ------------------- a)
12. ----------------- g)
3. ------------------- b) 4. ------------------- d)
8. ------------------- b) 9. ------------------- b)
13. ----------------- d) 14. ----------------- d)
5. ------------------- b)
10. ----------------- g)
15. ------------------ b)
davaleba # 4
1. -------------------- b)
6. ------------------ d)
11. ------------------ b)
2. ------------------ d)
7. ------------------ d)
12. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------- g)
8. ------------------- g)
13. ------------------ a)
4. ------------------- g) 5. ------------------ d)
9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- d)
14. ------------------ b) 15. ----------------- d)
davaleba # 5
1. ------------------ d)
6. ------------------ d)
11. ----------------- g)
2. ------------------ d)
7. ------------------- b)
12. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------ d)
8. ------------------ d)
13. ----------------- d)
4. ------------------ g)
9. ------------------ g)
14. ----------------- g)
5. ------------------- a)
10. ----------------- g)
15. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------- b) 4. ------------------- a)
8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------- a)
13. ------------------ g) 14. ------------------ a)
5. ------------------- b)
10. ----------------- b)
15. ----------------- b)
davaleba # 6
1. ------------------- a)
6. ------------------ d)
11. ----------------- d)
2. ------------------- g)
7. ------------------- a)
12. ----------------- g)
davaleba # 7
1. ------------------- a) 2. ------------------ d)
6. ------------------- b) 7. ------------------ d)
11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------- d)
8. ------------------- b)
13. ------------------ b)
4. ------------------- a)
9. ------------------- a)
14. ----------------- d)
5. ------------------ d)
10. ----------------- b)
15. ----------------- g)
davaleba # 8
1. ------------------- d)
6. ------------------- b)
11. ------------------ b)
2. ------------------- a) 3. ------------------- g)
7. ------------------- d) 8. ------------------- b)
12. ----------------- b) 13. ------------------ d)
76
4. ------------------- g) 5. ------------------ d)
9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- g)
14. ------------------ g) 15. ----------------- d)
davaleba # 9
1. ------------------- d)
6. ------------------- b)
11. ------------------ b)
2. ------------------- a) 3. ------------------- g)
7. ------------------- d) 8. ------------------- b)
12. ----------------- b) 13. ------------------ d)
4. ------------------- g) 5. ------------------ d)
9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- g)
14. ------------------ g) 15. ----------------- d)
davaleba # 10
1. ------------------- a) 2. ------------------ d)
6. ------------------- b) 7. ------------------ d)
11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------- d)
8. ------------------- b)
13. ------------------ b)
4. ------------------- a)
9. ------------------- a)
14. ----------------- d)
5. ------------------ d)
10. ----------------- b)
15. ----------------- g)
davaleba # 11
1. ------------------- d)
6. ------------------- g)
11. ------------------ a)
2. ------------------- b) 3. ------------------- g)
7. ------------------- b) 8. ------------------- g)
12. ----------------- d) 13. ------------------ g)
4. ------------------- a) 5. ------------------- a)
9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- d)
14. ----------------- d) 15. ----------------- g)
davaleba # 12
1. ------------------- d)
6. ------------------ d)
11. ------------------ b)
2. ------------------ d)
7. ------------------- g)
12. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------- g)
8. ------------------- g)
13. ----------------- d)
4. ------------------ g)
9. ------------------ d)
14. ----------------- g)
5. ------------------ d)
10. ------------------ a)
15. ----------------- d)
davaleba # 13
1. -------------------- b)
6. ------------------ d)
11. ------------------ b)
2. ------------------ d)
7. ------------------ d)
12. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------- g)
8. ------------------- g)
13. ------------------ a)
4. ------------------- g) 5. ------------------ d)
9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- d)
14. ------------------ b) 15. ----------------- d)
davaleba # 14
1. ------------------- a)
6. ------------------ d)
11. ----------------- d)
2. ------------------- g)
7. ------------------- a)
12. ----------------- g)
3. ------------------- b) 4. ------------------- a)
8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------- a)
13. ------------------ g) 14. ------------------ a)
5. ------------------- b)
10. ----------------- b)
15. ----------------- b)
davaleba # 15
1. ------------------ d)
6. ------------------ d)
11. ----------------- g)
2. ------------------ d)
7. ------------------- b)
12. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------ d)
8. ------------------ d)
13. ----------------- d)
4. ------------------ g)
9. ------------------ g)
14. ----------------- g)
5. ------------------- a)
10. ----------------- g)
15. ----------------- d)
3. ------------------- b) 4. ------------------- d)
8. ------------------- b) 9. ------------------- b)
13. ----------------- d) 14. ----------------- d)
5. ------------------- b)
10. ----------------- g)
15. ------------------ b)
davaleba # 16
1. ------------------- b)
6. ------------------- a)
11. ------------------ a)
2. ------------------- g)
7. ------------------- a)
12. ----------------- g)
77
I kriteriumi
qulebi
1.
davalebis piroba adekvaturadaa gagebuli, teqsti Rrmadaa gaazrebuli, naSromSi igrZnoba avtoris umTavresi saTqmelisa da emociuri
mizandasaxulobis wvdoma.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1
0 naweri
aRar
swordeba
II kriteriumi
1.
naSromis ageba
naSromi upasuxebs samive miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi
sworadaa gamoyofili (davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli).
qulebi
2.
naSromi upasuxebs sam miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teqstis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili; an naSromi upasuxebs or miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi
Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa gamoyofili.
3.
naSromi upasuxebs or miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teqstis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili; an naSromi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi
Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa gamoyofili.
4.
naSromi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teqstis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili.
78
III kriteriumi
qulebi
1.
msjeloba samive miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia (argumentirebulia) da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT.
2.
3.
msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTebaze msjelobisas
argumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi
masaliT.
msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi
gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar
aris Sesrulebuli (perifrazia an msjeloba oriode winadadebiTaa
gadmocemuli).
4.
5.
6.
7.
msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo or miTiTebaze msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT.
msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, meore miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas
argumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi
masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli (perifrazia an msjeloba oriode winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).
79
IV kriteriumi
qulebi
1.
naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis araerTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba (mocemulia msjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebis
Sesaxeb) da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli magaliTebiT.
2.
3.
naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis araerTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba (mocemulia msjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebis
Sesaxeb) da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli magaliTebiT, Tumca moxmobilia erTi araadekvaturi magaliTi; anda gamoyofilia teqstis erTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli magaliTiT.
naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebi (mocemulia
msjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebis Sesaxeb),
magram ar aris dasabuTebuli konkretuli magaliTebiT an moxmobilia erTze meti araadekvaturi magaliTi; anda naSromSi ar aris gamoyofili teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebi (ar aris mocemuli msjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebis Sesaxeb).
V kriteriumi
qulebi
1.
naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da zogadi
ganaTleba.
2.
naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, Tumca mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaTleba; anda naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba,
Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaTleba.
3.
4.
VI kriteriumi
faqtobrivi Secdomebi
qulebi
1.
2.
80
VII kriteriumi
1.
leqsika da stili
naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da mkafiodaa gamoxatuli, SerCeulia dasmuli amocanis Sesaferisi stili, agreTve daculia naSromis stilisturi erTgvarovneba, gvxvdeba oriode stilisturi xarvezi.
qulebi
2.
3.
VIII kriteriumi
sintaqsuri konstruqciebi
qulebi
1.
2.
3.
IX kriteriumi
qulebi
1.
2.
3.
81
gTavazobT erTian erovnul gamocdebze abiturientebis mier Sesrulebuli naSromebis _ argumentirebuli esesa da mxatvruli teqstis analizis _ ramdenime saitereso
nimuSs (stili yvelgan daculia):
82
1. argumentirebuli ese:
ix. davaleba #1
ar veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom garemos dacvis mizani mxolod adamianis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobaze zrunva Tu iqneba, maSin garemo SeiZleba daucveli aRmoCndes,
radgan XXI saukuneSi adamiani pragmatuli gaxda, cdilobs yvelasa da yvelafrisagan
miiRos sargebeli. amas xom misgan epoqa iTxovs, Tumca, saukuneTa Tu TaobaTa cvlis
miuxedavad, ucvleli rCeba umTavresi sazrunavi _ janmrTeloba, romelic mokvdavTaTvis fasdaudebelia.
drois svlasTan erTad izrdeba adamianTa SesaZleblobebi, Cndeba axali qarxnebi
da ekologiuri pirobebi nel-nela uaresdeba, xalxi ki mis gamosworebas mxolod maSin cdilobs, roca dabinZurebuli garemo safrTxes uqmnis mis janmrTelobas. es ki
imis dasturia, rom adamiani garemoze mxolod maSin zrunavs, roca misi qmedeba janmrTelobisaTvis aris sasargeblo. amis magaliTia kobo abes nawarmoebis `qali qviSaSi~
gmirebis dauRalavi Sroma qviSis winaaRmdeg, romelic maT STanTqmas, cocxlad damarxvas uqadis. rom ara es safrTxe, isini arc ki Seecdebodnen garemo pirobebis Secvlas.
jorj orueli ambobs, rom adamiani erTaderTi arsebaa, romelic yvelafers anadgurebs (`cxovelebis ferma~), Jan bodriari ki xalxs Tanagancdis unaris dakargvaSi,
egoistobasa da gaucxoebaSi adanaSaulebs (`qalaqi da siZulvili~), aqedan ki SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom adamis STamomavlebi mxolod TavianT Tavze dardoben da `ca-mazuT, xmeleT-nagvad~ qceul garemos mxolod safrTxis moaxloebisas cvlian, radgan
es maTi sicocxlis gasaxangrZliveblad aris saWiro.
SesaZlebelia sazogadoebis nawilma Tqvas, adamiani bunebis Svilia da SeuZlebelia masze, rogorc gamosayenebel nivTze, ise izrunos, magram, me vfiqrob, rom adamianebi, samwuxarod, veRar grZnoben xmeli wiflisa Tu Svlis nukris tkivils, amitom,
Cemi azriT, Cveni janmrTeloba bunebaze zrunvis saukeTeso motivia.
ix. davaleba #2
SeiZleba, cota sasacilo da araseriozulia, magram, rogorc Cemi maswavlebeli
ityoda, globalizacia aris mak donaldsi da koka-kola. aseTi martivi magaliTiT
gvixsnida, rom globalizacia msoflios saerTo ekonomikuri bazris arsebobis Sedegia. globalizaciis dros adamianebi TiTqos erTiandebian da uCndebaT saerTo interesebi. interneti da mediasaSualebebi amis kargi magaliTia.
dRes mTeli samyaro feisbukis garSemoa gaerTianebuli. rac ufro advilia komunikaciis SesaZlebloba, rac ufro meti saerToa adamianebs Soris, maTi marTva bevrad
ioldeba. qveynebi arasdros yofilan erTmaneTze ise damokidebulni, rogorc dRes.
gavixsenoT, ramdenime wlis win ruseTi mTel evropas gazis miwodebis SewyvetiT rom
emuqreboda. imdenad aris ruseTis gazze evropis bedi damokidebuli, rom am muqaram
Zalian SeaSina isini. Sesabamisad, qveynebs Soris es urTierTdamokidebuleba, garkveulwilad, qmnis erTianobis efeqts. globalizacia gvevlineba, rogorc sazRvrebis
mrRveveli. is spobs gansxvavebas, vTqvaT, aSS-sa da dasavleT evropis romelime qveyanas Soris. erTi markis manqanebi, erTi dasaxelebis kafeebi, erTnairi teqnika, saerTo interesebi, maS raRa rCeba gansxvavebuli? jer kidev inerciiT damaxsovrebuli
istoria da morali, romelic male SeiZleba danarCeniviT saerTo gaxdes.
vSiSob, sazRvrebis rRveva aseTi tempiT Tu gagrZelda, SeiZleba, marTlac Seeqmnas safrTxe saxelmwifoebis damoukideblobas da isini moeqcnen erTiani Zalis qveS,
magram ara mgonia, es uaxloes momavalSi aRsruldes. jer kidev sakmarisad myarad
aris erovnuli TviTSegneba mosaxleobis umravlesobaSi da mgonia, rom martivad ar
aireva xalxi erTmaneTSi. pirveli da umTavresi mizezi amisa albaT religia da tradiciebi iqneba. Tumca, kidev erTxel vimeoreb, rom teqnikuri miRwevebisa da ekonomikis xarjze adamianebi erTmaneTs dauaxlovdnen ise, rogorc arasdros. aseTi siaxlove da sazRvrebis moSla safuZvlian eWvs badebs, rom odesme msoflio erT did koloniad SeiZleba gadaiqces da safrTxe Seeqmnas saxelmwifoTa damoukideblobas.
83
ix. davaleba #3
adamiani cxovrebis did nawils skolaSi atarebs da misi pirovnebad Camoyalibebac
ZiriTadad am periodSi xdeba. axalgazrdebi skolaSi ganaTlebis miRebis garda, cxovrebasac swavloben, eCvevian sazogadoebaSi yofnasa da sakuTari adgilis damkvidrebas. miuxedavad amisa, ara mgonia, marTebuli iyos is mosazreba, rom saskolo ganaTlebis upirvelesi mizani axalgazrdebis liderebad aRzrdaa. pirvel rigSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom yvela adamiani individualuria da maTi erT yalibSi
moqceva SeuZlebelia. liderebi ar xdebian, liderebad ibadebian (magram mxolod
wvrTna ras uzams, Tu bunebamc ar uSvela).
vfiqrob, skolis roli axalgazrdebis cxovrebaSi Zalian didia, magram ara imitom,
rom is maT liderebis Tvisebebs uyalibebs, aramed imitom, rom SedarebiT pasiurebs aswavlis liderebTan erTad cxovrebas da piriqiTac. skola cxovrebis mosamzadebeli
etapia. swored skolaSi veCveviT erTmaneTis gansxvavebulobas da vswavlobT tolerantobas.
ra Tqma unda, Zalian sasargebloa adamianisTvis lideris Tvisebebi, magram _ ara aucilebeli. marTalia, napoleon bonaparti ambobda, rom yvela jariskacs CanTaSi marSlis kverTxi aqvs, magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom yvela jariskaci winamZRoli unda
gaxdes. adamiani unda iyos mizanswrafuli da unda Seecados, rom Tavisi SesaZleblobebis maqsimumi gaakeTos, magram araa saWiro, irealurs SeveWidoT. araferia samarcxvino
imaSi, rom wahyve da ara wauZRve, radgan Tagoris Tqmisa ar iyos: balaxi ar cdilobs
uzarmazar xed amovides. amitomac dedamiwa momxiblavi mwvaniT imoseba. Cemi azriT,
skolaSi yofnis periodSi swored imis gaazrebaa mniSvnelovni, rom arsebiTi humanuroba da tolerantobaa.
sazogadoeba ar Sedgeba mxolod liderebis an mxolod autsaiderebisgan. sazogadoeba maTi erToblioba da mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebaa, radgan maTi arseboba uerTmaneTod
warmoudgenelia. xSirad gamigia es sityvebi: skola gvaswavlis imas, rom yvelaze mniSvnelovani ram skolaSi ar iswavleba. albaT es nawilobriv simarTlecaa. saswavlo dawesebulebaSi Cveni qceva met-naklebad kontroldeba. mTavaria, rom Semdeg am kontrolis
gareSe movaxerxoT cxovreba ise, rom sazogadoebaSi Rirseuli adgili davimkvidroT.
ix. davaleba #3
sazogadoebis nawils miaCnia, rom saskolo ganaTlebis mTavari mizani axalgazrdebSi lideris Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba unda iyos. kargia, rodesac bavSvobidanve eCvevi
damoukidebel azrovnebas, irCev cxovrebis gezsa da im socialur sferos, sadac iasparezeb da amiT samSoblos gamoadgebi. Tumca, meore mxriv, saskolo ganaTlebis mTavari mizani ar unda iyos, erTmniSvnelovnad, lideris Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba. albert
ainStaini Tvlida, rom skolam pirovneba unda aRzardos da ara specialisti. miuxedavad imisa, rom dResdReobiT Cvens qveyanas swored specialistebi da profesionalebi
sWirdeba, mainc mivemxrobodi ainStainis azrs, radgan samoqalaqo sazogadoebas pirovnebebi, individebi qmnian da ara _ liderebi.
konkurencia, mizanswrafva, individualizmi is Rrmad evropuli faseulobebia, romelTa wyalobiTac dasavlurma samyarom ganviTareba pova da ukan Camoitova azia. amdenad, saWiroa damoukidebeli azrovnebis ganviTarebaze zrunva, rac saskolo ganaTlebis mTavari mizani unda iyos. merab mamardaSvili Tvlida, rom sazogadoeba unda warmoadgendes individebis koleqcias. sxva SemTxvevaSi is aris brbo. am dros gamoCndeba
xolme qarizmatuli pirovneba, lideri, romelic xalxis instiqtebiT manipulirebas
moaxerxebs, rogorc es hitlerma nacional-socialisturi ideebiT SeZlo; leninma marqsizmiT gaabrua sazogadoebis naklebad ganaTlebuli fena, magram vin uaryofs, rom
am saSinel pirovnebebs lideris Tvisebebi hqondaT.
rTulia winaswar gansazRvro Sedegebi, radgan ganaTlebis reforma yvelaze mTavari nabijia saxelmwifos ganviTarebis gzaze da amitom umjobesia swori gamocdilebis
gaziarebiT moxdes es. vTvli, rom lideris Tvisebebis gamomJRavneba Sinagani aqtebis
safuZvelze xdeba. ase ar fiqroben politikosebi da kanonmdeblebi, romelTa umetesobac miiCnevs, rom adamiani aRzrdis obieqtia, me ki vTvli, rom adamiani ganviTarebis
subieqts warmoadgens. skolam, garkveuli Zalisxmevis Sedegad, SeiZleba moswavleSi
dabados im Tvisebis ekvivalenti, rasac pirvelobisaken swrafva, lideroba hqvia, magram umjobesia, Tu met yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs damoukidebeli azrovnebis Camoyali-
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pagandam mogvca Sedegi. dRes qarTvelebs sZulT ruseTi da rusebs _ piriqiT. qarTvelebi rusebs adanaSauleben omSi da rusebi _ qarTvelebs, Tumca aravin icis, ra
moxda sinamdvileSi. maT ician mxolod is, rac televizorSi moismines.
Cemi azriT, televiziam Tavisi Zalebis maqsimumi 90-ianebidan dRemde ukve gamoiyena
da axla nel-nela meore planze gadadis. mizezi televiziis gavlenis Sesustebisa ara
sazogadoebis gamofxizleba, aramed ufro Zlieri da yovlismomcveli Zalis _ internetis gamoCenaa.
zogadad, propagandisgan Tavis daRweva SeuZleblad mimaCnia, magram konkretulad
televiziasTan brZola SesaZlebelia mkacri kontrolis dawesebiT, reklamebis maqsimalurad Semcirebis da SemecnebiTi gadacemebis momravlebis xarjze.
ix. davaleba #7
jadosnur yuTSi molaparakeebs teleekrans miRma aRaravin eZebs. metic, yuTis jadosnobas yavli gauvida, axali xili aRar aris, mayurebels ki misdami interesi ar
ganelebia. satelevizio gadacemebs Tvals adevneben mozardebic. aRsaniSnavia, rom evropaSi gacilebiT naklebi mozardi uyurebs televizors, vidre saqarTveloSi. ganviTarebul qveynebSi miaCniaT, rom televizias ar ZaluZs swori Rirebulebebi Caunergos axalgazrdas. germaniis eleqtroteqnikis maRaziebSi yvelaze naklebad televizori iyideba. Cans, Tvalsawieris gasafarToeblad sxva rames iyeneben. saqarTvelos
TiTqmis yvela ojaxSi aris es mowyobiloba. amiT Tavs iqcevs yvela Taoba.
sazogadoebis nawili fiqrobs, rom axalgazrdebis msoflxedvis CamoyalibebaSi
televizias udidesi roli aqvs. faqtebis safuZvelze askvnian, rom am ukanasknels
mniSvnelovani gavlena aqvs axal Taobaze. sociumis mcire nawili uaryofs mediis
amgvar funqcias. is miiCnevs, rom mas msoflxedvis Camoyalibeba da pirovnebis formireba ar SeuZlia. samwuxarod, uamravi bavSvi Tu mozardi saaTobiT iwamleba uxarisxo gadacemebiT. maT azrovnebaze mniSvnelovnad moqmedebs televiziiT gavrcelebuli informacia. amgvarad, vfiqrob, rom axalgazrdebis msoflxedvis formirebaSi televizias udidesi zegavlena aqvs.
media Seiqmna masebisTvis. yvelas ar xelewifeba sakuTar sulierebaze zrunva. rogorc m. javaxiSvili ambobda, xalxis udidesi nawili wabaZviT azrovnebs da sakuTari azri ar gaaCniao. sazogadoebis es nawili Tavs iqcevs televiziiT, udrtvinvelad
iRebs iq gacxadebul ideebs.
sulxan-saba orbeliani individuumis ganviTarebis umTavres pirobad wvrTnas saxavs. leonis aRzrdis meTodebi jumberis sulier ganviTarebas emsaxureboda. amasve
amtkicebs daviT guramiSvili swavla moswavleTaSi:
nu genaRvlebis swavlazed yrmis wkeplis cemiT kivili,
mal gamrTeldebis uwamlod misi wylurebis tkivili.
misi azriT, mas Semdeg, rac moswavle swavlas srulyofs, ganisvenebs. televizia ki mozardis suls ver wvrTnis da amas verasdros moaxerxebs. misi uxarisxo,
masebisTvis Seqmnili gadacemebi amaxinjebs mozardis azrTa bades. gasarTobi Souebi
mdare iumoris wyaroa. SemecnebiTi gadacemebis aSkara naklebobaa, Tumca panacea arc
esaa. bavSvebi, cxovrebisagan gamoubrZmedelebi, ibeWdaven televizorSi mosmenils.
eris saubedurod, maTi suli maxinjdeba, msoflxedva maTi jebirSi eqceva.
evropaSi ase ar aris. mozardebi drois umetes nawils skolaSi atareben, kiTxuloben wignebs an misdeven TavianT gatacebas. maTi cxovreba mravalferovania. satelevizio gadacemebi maTTvis mosawyenia. amis erT-erTi mizezi, uciloblad, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis donea. qveynis ekonomikazea damokidebuli TiTqmis yvela socialuri problema. qarTvel bavSvs naklebi Tavisufleba aqvs, akeTos sayvareli saqme.
is dabeCavebulia yofiTi problemebiT. marTalia, wignis wakiTxva yvelas xelewifeba, Tumca mciredTa bednierebaa iqidan WeSmariti arsis amokiTxva. es yvelas ar moeTxoveba. suli yoveli adamianisa individualuria, saWiroebs ganviTarebas. mozards unda Seeqmnas piroba, raTa aRmoaCinos Tavisi gataceba da misdios mas. televizia, ra
Tqma unda, am SesaZleblobas ar iZleva. is gmanavs yvela im WuWrutas, saidanac naTeli Semodis. televizias mijaWvulTa msoflxedva viwroa, azrovneben wabaZviT, uxorTumo spiloebs hgvanan, advilad samarTavni arian. saqarTveloSi ramdenime weliwadSi
erTxel tardeba statistikuri gamokvleva. Sedegebi savalaloa. axalgazrdebi yoveldRe uyureben uxarisxo gadacemebs. sabednierod, aris inteleqtualuri Sou qar-
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Tul telesivrceSi _ ra? sad? rodis?, Tumc mTeli kvira mdare sanaxaobebiT gajerebuls is ver uSvelis.
SveicariaSi fsiqologebma akrZales bavSvebisa da mozardebisaTvis or saaTze
met xans televizoris yureba. ingliseli reJisoris, devid brunos, dokumenturi
filmi am Temas eZRvneba. filmSi naxsenebia, rom gamosxiveba zians ayenebs janmrTelobas da zrdis leikemiiT daavadebis risks. filmSi fsiqologebi, aRmzrdelebi,
mSoblebi erTxmad amtkiceben, rom televizia aClungebs mozards, radgan swrafad
sTavazobs uamrav informacias. maT gaanalizebas mozardi ver aswrebs. droTa ganmavlobaSi mas uyalibdeba msoflxedva viwro, moSxamuli. televizia spobs individuumis Tavisufal ganviTarebas. is axalgazrdas Clung da beCav arsebad ayalibebs.
Cemi xedviT, televizia momavalSic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas moaxdens axalgazrdebze. saukeTeso gamosavali pedagogTa da mSobelTa dauRalavi mcdelobaa, miscen
individs azris Tavisufleba. sazogadoebis gaumjobesebisTvis aucilebelia Semcirdes televiziis roli. mjera, saqarTveloSic dadgeba sulieri aRorZinebis xana.
ix. davaleba #8
XXI saukune CvenTvis sruliad civilizebuli da demokratiulia, Tumca arsebobs Cvens cxovrebiseul sistemaSi xarvezebi. sazogadoebis nawili miiCnevs, rom sityvis Tavisufleba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba.
sityvis Tavisufleba, ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovania, magram mainc unda iyos SezRuduli. JRers arademokratiulad, magram arseboben adamianTa jgufebi, magaliTad,
neonacistebi, romlebic am Tavisuflebas arasworad iyeneben, konkretulad, rasistnacisturi ideebis propagandisa da gavrcelebis mizniT. am SemTxvevaSi sityvis Tavisufleba mavnebelia sazogadoebisaTvis.
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobac Zalian mniSvnelovania, swored amisTvis ibrZvis edvard snoudeni, aSS-is mTavrobis yofili agenti-dezertiri. misi azriT, mTavroba ar unda akontrolebdes adamianTa pirad cxovrebas, Tumca amasac dadebiTi mxare aqvs _ uamravi teroristi daiWires swored satelefono xazebis, elfostisa da
sabanko angariSebis kontroliT. amis winaaRmdeg ibrZvis is, visac rame aralegaluri
aqvs dasamali. snoudenis `sityvis Tavisuflebam~ biZgi misca civ oms, ruseTisa da
aSS-is politikur-demokratiuli urTierTobebi kidev ufro gaauaresa, rac amyarebs
Cems pirvel arguments.
vfiqrob, rom sityvis Tavisuflebisa da piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis aqtualobas ver SevadarebT erTmaneTs, radgan isini sxvadasxva sferos miekuTvnebian
da orives aqvs Tavisi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.
ix. davaleba #8
demokratiis koncefciis ZiriTadi fundamenti adamianTa Tanasworoba da Tavisuflebaa, magram maTi Sefaseba subieqturia da Sesabamisad, sadavoc. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa am ori cnebis definicia da Semdeg kanonis saxiT Camoyalibeba. zogi fiqrobs,
rom sityvis Tavisufleba niSnavs uflebas, yvelasa da yvelaferze SegeZlos azris
gamoTqma, magram arsebobs adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba da mimaCnia, rom es ukanaskneli gacilebiT mniSvnelovania. azris gamoxatvis absoluturi
Tavisufleba ki niadags qmnis da adamians aZlevs imis SesaZleblobas, rom Caerios,
Seafasos da sajarod ganixilos romelime kerZo piris cxovrebis is mxare, romlis
gamWvirvaloba da TvalsaCinoeba misTvis araa xelsayreli da metic, SeiZleba damangrevlad sazianoc ki iyos. amis magaliTi mravladaa da Cvens sazogadoebasac moexseneba. Cemi azriT, arsebobs erTi oqros wesi: `adamianis uflebebi mTavrdeba iq, sadac iwyeba sxvisi~. vfiqrob, rom mxolod am princips SeuZlia moawesrigos da daabalansos es ori umniSvnelovanesi ufleba.
piradad Cems magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, me vaZlev uflebas iqnion xelebi haerSi, sanam isini Cems cxvirs Seexebian.
garda amisa, dRevandeli modernizebuli da sakmaod gamocdili sazogadoeba Tanxmdeba, rom sityvisa da azris absoluturma Tavisuflebam SeiZleba biZgi misces radikaluri da agresiuli ideebis propagandas. Tu saxelmwifom arajansaRi azris gav-
87
rcelebis saSualeba misca, savsebiT dasaSvebi gaxdeba, rom romelime eri nacisturi
germaniis mdgomareobaSi Cavardes,Kkacobriobis winaSe Cadenili danaSauli ki gameordes. dRevandeli kanoni ebrZvis qsenofobiur azrebs da es mizanSewoniladac mimaCnia.
vfiqrob, rom aucilebelia mkafiod da zustad ganisazRvros sityvis Tavisuflebis
ufleba.
mimaCnia, rom, garda iuridiulad dazustebuli kanonisa, aseve sagulisxmoa is
kultura da moralur-eTikuri normebi, romelic Cvens qveyanas gaaCnia. Cemi azriT,
adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva gamoiwvevs sazogadoebis didi
nawilis ukmayofilebasa da protests. yoveli eris istoriaSi zneobrivi norma warmoadgens yovelgvari kanonis safuZvels. amitom mimaCnia, rom es ori kanoni warmatebiT dabalansdeba, magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tu piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba dairRveva da xalxi ufro faseulad sityvis Tavisuflebas CaTvlis, Zneli ar iqneba
momavlis gansazRvra, vinaidan adamianebs gauCndebaT sxva pirebis kompromentirebisa
da SantaJis saSualeba da es damangrevlad imoqmedebs Cvens sazogadoebaze, gamartivdeba fulis gamoZalva da adamianebze manipulirebis sadaveebic momravldeba,Bborotebisa da usamarTlobis marwuxebSi moeqceva uamravi adamiani da amis sapirwoned ixeirebs romelime kerZo jgufi an pirovneba.
magram meore mxriv, azris gamoxatvis kultura Zalian mniSvnelovania. ubralod,
saWiroa garkveuli normebisa da sxva wesebis gaTvaliswineba. Cven unda vecadoT, rom
davareguliroT da sxva normebs SevuwyoT. sityvis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi da erTgvari panaceaa demokratiuli sazogadoebis arsebobisaTvis.
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ri daudos. aseT gaumaZRrobas poeti mefeTa magaliTze warmoaCens _ mefeni xom yvelaze didi Zalauflebis mpyrobelni arian. miuxedavad amisa `SfoTven da drtvinven~
gavlenis gasafarToeblad. survilTa raodenobaze saubrisas iSleba sazRvari sikeTesa da borotebas Soris. miznebis gansxvavebulobis miuxedavad, ambiciis doza yvelaSi erTnairia. poeti, am mxriv, gamorCeuli adamiania, xvdeba amgvari ambiciis sacodaobas. am monakveTSi misi sityvebi cnobili frazis _ `miwa xar da miwad iqcevi~ _
asociacias iwvevs.
swored adamianTa amgvari aRweris fonze Cndeba poetis mTavari saTqmeli, rac Cveni yofiTi ambiciebis daokebisaken mowodeba da zneobrivi valis aRsrulebaa. es vali sicocxlis gamovlinebaa wuTisofelze zrunvaSi. sanam vcocxlobT, mkvdrisgan
`mSobelze~ zrunvis unariT unda ganvsxvavdebodeT, swored es Segvimsubuqebs tanjvas da mogvgvris Svebas.
poeti leqsis melanqoliuri ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad gvixatavs mtkvris peizaJs da
mis fonze lirikul avtoportrets. Tvalwin gvidgeba idayvdayrdnobili, Cafiqrebuli mgosani, romelic mtkvars SesCivis: `vin icis, mtkvaro, ras butbuteb, visTvis ras
ityvi?~ am taepSi, mtkvrisadmi mimarTvaSi, avtori gapirovnebas iyenebs. sxva mxriv, mxatvruli xerxebiT teqsti Raribia. gamoyenebulia epiTeti: `cda qebuli~, `gansvenebuli~
(mefe)... peizaJi bundovandeba, roca poeti horizonts miRma icqireba, `samyaros iqiT
eZiebs sadgurs~. es misi fiqrisa da tanjvis usasrulobaze metyvelebs. aRsaniSnavia,
rom usasrulobis gancdis Seqmna germanelma mxatvarma kaspar david fridrixma horizontis uaryofiT moaxerxa.
leqsSi riTma zogjer ormarcvliania _ qaluri (cremliT, mowyeniT), gvxvdeba erTmarcvliani _ vaJuri (ityvi, utyvi) da sammarcvliani _ daqtiluri (kamara _ ankara)
riTmebic. gamoyenebulia arazusti riTmebi.
piradad me mimaCnia, rom marTlac savalaloa, roca adamianebma winaswar viciT Cveni gardauvali sikvdili, Cven ki sicocxles vebRauWebiT. miuxedavad amisa, n. baraTaSviliseul romantikul pesimizms ar viziareb. mimaCnia, rom azrs moklebulia, mudmivad cremls Rvride imis gamo, rac aucileblad moxdeba. Tumca meCveneba, rom romantikuli foni, melanqoliuri mizanscena mgosans Cvens gamosafxizleblad sWirdeba. poetic fiqrobs, rom umjobesia, movaleobaTa, daniSnulebaTa Sesrulebaze vifiqroT,
vizrunoT. esaa Cveni cxovrebis arsi. am mxriv, Cemi pirovnuli mrwamsi Semoqmedis moralur kredos emTxveva. mec mimaCnia, rom sicocxlis nabijebma keTili kvali unda aRbeWdos, raTa Semdgom Taobebs `siZnele gzisa gauadvildes~.
Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, adamians wuTisoflis wesebiT cxovreba moeTxoveba, Tumca amqveyniur cxovrebaze zrunvas me davamatebdi samSobloze, enaze, momaval Taobaze, kulturul faseulobebze, istoriul da socialur Rirebulebebze zrunvasa da maT gafrTxilebas. vityodi, rogorc ilia ityoda: `yovel dResa Sens Tavs hkiTxe, aba, me dRes
vis ra varge~. Tu am princips SevasrulebT, cxovrebiseul valsac pirnaTlad movixdiT.
`cixis sizmari~
(ix. davaleba #8)
lado asaTiani mistiris warsuls da enatreba samSoblos Zveli dideba, romelic
mas hqonda da aRar aqvs. nawarmoebSi kargad Cans, rom avtori ver egueba qveynis umoqmedobas da enatreba warsuli. poeti aidealebs Tamaris xanas _ `sZinavs cixes da Tamaris saocnebo senaks~. misTvis saocneboa da sanatreli dro, romelic hqonda saqarTvelos da aRar aqvs. am leqsebSi ikveTeba romantikosebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, awmyosadmi Seuguebloba da warsulis gaRmerTeba. iseve rogorc grigol orbeliani leqsSi `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~, lado asaTianic upirispirebs
erTmaneTs awmyos `daqceuls~, `gaubedurebuls~ da warsuls `didebuls~, `madlmosilsa~ da `eniT mdidars~. maTTvis miuRebelia dro, romelSic cxovroben da surT mquxare, moZravi da Seupovari qveyana. am adamianebisTvis xsna warsulSi, mis didebaSi iyo.
poeti gaurbis realobas, risTvisac sizmars iyenebs, romelSic `gardasul dReTa~
sidiade isaxeba. kvlav gamofxizlebuli da realobas dabrunebuli ver egueba awmyos
da gruxunebs, gruxunebs naadrevi gazafxulis msgavsad. Cemi azriT, mkiTxveli aucileblad aforiaqdeba da moindomebs modunebuli realobis Secvlas, iseve rogorc avtori. avtoris Tanadroul realobaSi sabrZolo suliskveTeba aRar arsebobs, rac miuRebeli iyo ilia WavWavaZisTvis. iseve rogorc iliasTvis, nebismieri mkiTxvelisa da
patrioti adamianisaTvis, vfiqrob, samSobloa umTavresi, romelic `muxlebze daCoqil-
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ma unda dakrifo~, romlisTvisac unda ibrZolo da sicocxlec gawiro, radgan sicocxlec man gvaCuqa. mkiTxvelic brZolis JiniT, sicocxlis surviliTa da gamarjvebis
imediT unda aivsos, misi emociebic unda gaizardos da realobas ar unda Seeguos,
rogorc ver egueba mravali gamarjvebisa Tu damarcxebis mnaxveli cixe. mkiTxvelic
brZolis JiniT da Tavisuflebis mopovebis surviliT inTeba, roca cixis gancdebs
kiTxulobs: `veRar xedavs, gaavdeba, aSlis xavsis balans~.
avtori mravlad iyenebs mxatvrul efeqtebs, maT Soris gapirovnebas _ `sZinavs cixes, janiani TrTis da sizmrad xedavs~. cixes mikuTvnebuli aqvs adamianuri Tvisebebi,
rac ufro amZafrebs nawarmoebis azrsa da msvlelobas. TviTon cixe xom simboluria,
is simboloa didebuli warsulis, romelic Sedarebulia daRlil vaJkacTan. simboluria leqsSi Tamar mefec _ `saqarTvelos Tvali~, romlis epoqasac qarTvelma xalxma
`oqros xana~ uwoda da romelic wmindanad Seracxa. poeti gagiJebul mxedars adarebs
gaRviZebul cixes, risi saSualebiTac gvaCvenebs cixis gancdebs. simboluria TviTon
cixis sizmari, iseve rogorc mRvdlis sizmari `baSi-aCukSi~, arsenas sizmari `arsena
marabdelSi~ da sizmari `aluda qeTelaurSi~. am leqsSi cixis sizmari imedia imisa,
rom awmyo Seicvleba da warsuli dideba dabrundeba. magram, jer dro ar damdgara
amisa, radgan naadrevi gazafxulia, arwivebi ki Tvlemen, magram ar ZinavT, dros elian,
rom lomebiviT aiSalon fafari da Zveli cixesaviT gamarjvebis JiniT aivson. iliasTvis miuRebeli iqneboda ZiliT da awmyos SefarviT, warsulis gaidealeba, sizmriT
sve-bedis Selamazeba, misTvis `moqmedeba da mxolod moqmedeba~ iyo umTavresi, Tumca
lado asaTianic gazafxulis, dilisa da momavlis imeds itovebs. saqarTvelos arwivi
xom misi Zlevamosili warsulis simboloa, romelic Tvlems da male gaiRviZebs, gacocxldeba da imoqmedebs.
`grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~
(ix. davaleba #9)
gansaxilvelad mocemuli teqstis mixedviT SegviZlia gamovkveToT grigol xanZTelis mxatvruli saxe. erTi mxriv, dasaSvebia vifiqroT, rom grigoli uxeSad Caeria mefis saqmeSi, Tumca, meore mxriv, es qmedeba sulac ar aris gasakicxi. xanZTelma izruna imaze, rom kurapalats ar gaegrZelebina is samarcxvino saqcieli, romelic mis sulsac azaralebda. grigoli kargad acnobierebda mefis funqciebsa da mis pasuxismgeblobas. logikuria, rom aSotis qcevam protesti gamoiwvia da, sabolood, xanZTelma
miiRo gadawyvetileba, romelic sasikeTo iqneboda kurapalatisTvisac da, aseve, qveynisTvisac. emociebs ayolili mmarTveli, ra Tqma unda, ver gauZRveba ers saTanadod.
grigolma gamoiCina simtkice da ar moerida mefesTan dapirispirebas. SesaZlebelia,
rom xanZTelis qcevas agresia da mrisxaneba gamoewvia mefeSi, rac, udavod, cud Sedegamde migviyvanda. aRsaniSnavia, rom grigolis principulobam da siTamamem sasurveli
Sedegi gamoiRo. igi ar moqmedebda sworxazovnad, piriqiT, TviTneburad gadafara kurapalatis pirad cxovrebaSi arsebuli problema da yvelaferi gaakeTa imisTvis, rom
mefe gons mosuliyo. grigoli sakmaod uxeSad esaubra diacsac da Searcxvina is misi
saqcielis mxilebiT. xanZTelma icoda, ra xerxi gamodgeboda da rogor unda waremarTa dialogi qalTan. mas, udavod, hqonda darwmunebis unari da miaxvedra diaci imas,
rom saWiro iyo sulze zrunva da mefisgan Sors yofna. grigoli jer mkacrad esaubra
qals, Tumca, rodesac misi morCileba SeniSna, taqtika Secvala. esec, ra Tqma unda,
gaTvlili nabiji iyo da daexmara mas miznis miRwevaSi. saboloo jamSi, mkiTxveli gaecno grigols, rogorc gonier, mtkice da moxerxebul adamians, romelic exmareba
sxvebs ufalTan miaxloebaSi.
grigolis siTamame, ra Tqma unda, aisaxa mefis cxovrebaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom
man piroba dado, rom `siZvis diacs~ gauSvebda sasaxlidan, es ver moaxerxa da xorciel survilebs ahyva: `xolo man aRuTqva codvisa mis gantevebai da dedakacisa mis wargzavnai... da ver daamtkica Tvisi brZanebai, rameTu daemona gulisTqumasa~. es faqti
kurapalats gvixasiaTebs sust da grZnobebs ayolil adamianad. man ver SeZlo Tavis
gakontroleba da arc grigolis survils daemorCila. aSkaraa, rom aSoti dabrmavebulia. man deda febronias winaSec ki icrua mxolod imisTvis, rom `sayvareli qali~
ukan daebrunebina. Cemi azriT, mefes ar uyvarda zemoxsenebuli diaci. igi mxolod da
mxolod vnebebs iyo ayolili da swored aman daakargvina TviTkontrolis unari. dasafasebelia is, rom aSot kurapalati bolos mainc mixvda sakuTar Secdomebs da uaresad ar gajiutda qalis dasabruneblad. es faqti metyvelebs imas, rom mefe ar iyo
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mxolod naklovanebebis matarebeli. mas Rirsebebic gaaCnda, Tumca xorcielma survilebma goneba auries. aSoti amarTlebda sakuTar codvebs da es deda febroniamac aRniSna: `mizezebad mizezTa codvisaTa kacTa Tana, romelni iqman uSjuloebasa~. saboloo jamSi, xorcielad Zlieri mefe sulierad Zlierma adamianebma daamarcxes da es
logikuricaa. aSotma ver gamoiCina simtkice da ver gaumklavda gansacdels, romelic
qalis saxiT mouvlina ufalma.
saanalizo teqstSi araerTi mxatvruli xerxia gamoyenebuli. giorgi merCulem sainteresod mogviTxro momxdari da mxatvruli saSualebebiT gaacocxla is. aRsaniSnavia, rom avtors TxrobaSi CarTuli aqvs pirvel pirSi warmoTqmuli frazebic. es xerxi gvexmareba imaSi, rom ukeT gavecnoT TiToeuli personaJis saubris maneras, tonsa
da sulier mdgomareobas. magaliTad, grigol xanZTeli diacTan saubars sakmaod mkacrad iwyebs, Tumca momdevno frazebSi Cans, Tu rogor mSviddeba is da sxva kuTxiT udgeba sakiTxs. erT-erTi xerxia isic, rom teqstis bolos detaluradaa gadmocemuli
aSot kurapalatis gancdebi. aSkaraa, rom igi sasowarkveTilia da mkiTxveli amas kargad xedavs. sircxvilisgan damunjebuli mefis dumili ufro mravlismetyvelia, vidre
_ misi nebismieri warmoTqmuli sityva. avtorma ostaturad gadmogvca kurapalatis
grZnobebi da amiT kidev ufro emociuri gaxada epizodi. saboloo jamSi, udavoa, rom
epizodi gancdebiTaa datvirTuli. diacis gamoCeniT viTareba iZabeba, Tumca grigoli
axerxebs gamosavlis moZebnas da `eSmakis manqanebiT~ damonebul mefes exmareba.
`grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~
(ix. davaleba #10)
nawyvetSi giorgi merCulis Txzulebidan `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ aRwerilia
konfliqti sasuliero pirTa Soris. personaJTa dapirispireba ganpirobebulia imiT,
rom arseni mamamisis gadawyvetilebiTa da `TanadgomiTa da kurTxeviTa mciredTa episkoposTaiTa~ qarTlis kaTalikosi gaxda. mireans qarTlis episoposebi gaunawyendnen,
radgan sakuTari Svili kaTalikosad maTTan SeuTanxmeblad akurTxa. am faqtis gansaxilvelad saeklesio krebis mowveva gamarTlebulia, radgan roca saqme kaTalikosobas exeba, aucilebelia avtoritetul sasuliero pirTa Tanxmoba. mxolod erTi adamianis an Tundac adamianTa mcire nawilis survili da moqmedeba ar kmara. erTpirovnuli gadawyvetilebebi, miTumetes aseT seriozul dros, xSirad xdeba konfliqtis mizezi. zogadad, yvelgan: ojaxSi, politikasa Tu eklesiaSi gadawyvetilebebs erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebiT, erTmaneTis mosazrebebis angariSgaweviT iReben. amitomac, maSin, roca vinme Seecdeba mxolod sakuTari interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT moqmedebas, umetes
SemTxvevaSi Cndeba dapirispireba. ase moxda axlac da erTad gazrdili adamianebi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego mxares aRmoCndnen. mireanis gadawyvetilebam gamoiwvia is, rom
efremi arsens ganudga da mis morCilebaze uari ganacxada. `ara var amieriTgan arsenis cxovari da arca igi _ Cemi mwyemsi~ _ ambobs efremi. misi mxridan es sruliad
logikuri sityvebia, radgan Tavi usamarTlobis msxverplad miaCnia. warmoqmnili konfliqtis mSvidobianad mogvareba ki mxolod grigol xanZTelma SeZlo.
grigol xanZTeli imdenad avtoritetuli pirovnebaa, rom mis gareSe saeklesio
krebaze gadawyvetilebas ver iRebdnen. is Tbilad esaubreba efrems, mRvdelmTavrobas
aficebs da sTxovs, win ar aRudges arsenis kaTalikosobas. efremis uarma ganarisxa
da ukidures zomas mimarTa, Tqva, an me damemorCile, an Seni moZRvari aRar viqnebio.
aq Cans grigolis gamWriaxoba. man icis, vis rogor unda elaparakos da vin rogor unda daiyolios, rom daemorCilos mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas. avtori netar
grigols mocemul monakveTSi mtkice da principul adamianad warmogvidgens. grigolis mTavari argumenti, ris gamoc arsenis kaTalikosobas mxars uWerda, iyo is, rom
es RvTis nebad miaCnda. uTanxmoebas mireanis sulswrafobas abralebs da cdilobs,
daZabuli situacia ganmuxtos. mama grigolis sityvebi Tavzars scems guaram mamfals
da Sendobas sTxovs. es imis maniSnebelia, rom grigolis azri yvelasTvis angariSgasawevi da yuradsaRebia. aravis surs misi ganrisxeba da Tu mainc moxda ase, im wuTsave patiebas iTxoven. netari mama uryevi avtoritetiT sargeblobs rogorc saero, ise
sasuliero wreebSi.
avtori, Txrobas rom meti emociuroba SesZinos, teqsts dialogis saxiT gvTavazobs da mravlad iyenebs mxatvrul saSualebebs. magaliTad, krebaze mimavali grigolis dasaxasiaTeblad mimarTavs Sedarebebs (`viTarca samoseli naTlisa brwyinvalisa
ganucdelisai~, `viTarca gvirgvini sameufoi patiosanTa TvalTa da margalitTagan fas-
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daudebelTa aRmkuli~) da metaforas (`varskvlavi udabnoTai~). guaram mamfalis aRsawerad ki iyenebs epiTetebs (`mdabali da RvTismoSiSi~). ambis ganviTarebis dinamikuroba monakveTs metad sainteresosa da mRelvares xdis.
`mziani Rame~
(ix. davaleba #11)
nodar dumbaZis romanSi `mziani Rame~ Temuris mxatvruli saxe naTladaa aRwerili.
es personaJi SegviZlia davaxasiaToT misi qceviTa da metyvelebiT. monakveTis dasawyisSive ikveTeba Temuris SiSi: `tanSi Jruantelma damiara, muxlebi momekveTa~. igi uxaliso da, TiTqos, imedgacruebulia: `kibeze uxalisod avdiodi~, `CemTvis yuradReba
aravis mouqcevia~. mis sulier mdgomareobas es fraza kargad gamoxatavs: `me mesmoda
mxolod Cemi guliscema, viRacis skamis suliswamRebi Wriali, meti araferi~. Temuris
qcevaSi Cans, rom igi dedasTan urTierTobas gadaCveulia, man ver SeZlo dedis misalmebaze pasuxis gacema. is aRelvebuli da dabneulia, ar icis rogor moiqces: `axla Seval da rames vetyvi. ras? ar vici... iqneb, TviTon miTxras rame...~, `me ubralod davxuWe
Tvalebi da velodi, ra moxdeboda~. es personaJi emociurobiT gamoirCeva: `me mindoda,
movmkvdariyavi, davyruebuliyavi, mekivla, dameZaxa mezoblebisaTvis, rom eSvelaT CemTvis~, `gamarjobaT, qalbatono!... _ vTqvi da tirili daviwye...~. Temuris msoflmxedveloba Cans frazaSi: `mTeli sicocxle unda iaro, mTeli sicocxle, boloSi rom mixvide~. teqstSi Cans misi pirovnuli tragedia, romelic stalinurma reJimma ganapiroba,
igi dedasTan gaucxovebulia.
es teqsti naTeli magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor zegavlenas axdens epoqa da garemo
adamianTa urTierTobaze. saanalizo nawyvetis mTavari saTqmelic isaa, rom tiranulma
reJimma deda-Svilis urTierTobazec ki imoqmeda. sabWoTa xelisuflebam deda da Svili erTmaneTs daaSora da maT dedaSvilobas didi safrTxe Seuqmna. avtorma es saTqmeli uaRresad emociurad gadmogvca: dedas `Tvalebidan mduRare cremlebi~ sdioda,
aseve, misi gulistkivili da sinanuli Semdegi sityvebiTaa gamoxatuli: `ratom rva
wlis ar xar isev, Cemo patara biWo, ratom rva wlis ara xar, ratom, ratom ara xar~.
mTavari saTqmelis ukeT gadmosacemad avtori sxvadasxva mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs: dapirispireba-kontrasts: sabWoTa xelisufleba _ deda-Svili, SiSi _ uSfoTveloba, siyvaruli _ siZulvili, warsuli _ awmyo, bedniereba _ ubedureba, tragedia _
komedia, tirili _ sicili, sikeTe _ boroteba. mxatvrul teqstSi uxvadaa epiTetebi:
`WaRara~, `daRlili~, `TeTri~, `gamxdari~, `susti~, `samariseburi~, `SeSinebuli~, `suliswamRebi~, `neli~, `Cumi~, `cxadi~, `bednieri~, `TeTri~, `lamazi~, `aTrTolebuli~,
`mduRare~. nodar dumbaZe, aseve, iyenebs Sedarebas: `es ar iyo sizmari, es iyo cxadi,
rogorc Svidi Wadari universitetis win~, `moCvenebasaviT uaxlovdeboda~. is mimarTavs ironias: `jigaro, deputati ki xar, magram bileTis aReba ar dagaviwydes~. monakveTSi mravladaa idioma: `adgilze gavqvavdi~, `tanSi Jruantelma damiara~, `samariseburi siCume Camovarda~, `guli yelSi momebjina~, `mduRare cremlebi Camosdioda~, `muxlebi momekveTa~.
Cemi azriT, mxatvruli teqstis problema aqtualuria. im epoqam da garemom, romelSic adamiani cxovrobs, SeiZleba pirovnebaze uaryofiTad imoqmedos. romanSi cxadad
davinaxeT tiranuli reJimis sisastike, man dedaSvilur urTierTobazec ki imoqmeda.
imave problemas exeba mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebic~. sabWoTa xelisuflebam
da maSindelma drom col-qmris urTierToba daangria da Teimurazi TviTmkvlelobamdec ki miiyvana. mimaCnia, rom ra sastikic ar unda iyos epoqa, rogori gaucxoebulic
ar unda iyos sazogadoeba, adamianma rwmena arasodes ar unda dakargos.
`mziani Rame~
(ix. davaleba #11)
mocemul nawyvetSi nodar dumbaZis moTxrobidan `mziani Rame~ erTi ojaxis tragediiT avtors surs gvaCvenos sabWoTa epoqis gavlena adamianur urTierTobebze. Temuri
da dedamisi mwerals sabWoTa represiebis msxverplTa mxatvrul saxed hyavs warmodgenili. Temuris personaJi im adamianTa ganzogadebuli saxea, romelTac sabWoTa reJimma
fizikur ganadgurebaze didi ziani miayena, waarTva adamianuri urTierTobebi. swored
sabWoTa reJimma moaxerxa SvilisTvis deda imdenad ucxo adamianad eqcia, rom `qalbatonis~ garda, misTvis sxva mimarTvis forma ver moeZebna. Temuris, rogorc personaJis,
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mizans da mkiTxvelze did STabeWdilebas axdens (`gadmokarkluli Tvalebi~, `SemaSfoTebeli siCume~, `mqrqali, mware Rimili~ da a. S.). arc Sedarebebis naklebobas ganvicdiT, es TiToeuli niuansis ukeT danaxvaSi gvexmareba (`Julieni... kargi momvleliviT dastrialebda~), metaforiT ki saocari sicxadiT aris warmodgenili laras mamis
namdvili saxe (`TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~).
mwerlis Txrobis stili dinamikuria. gafacicebiT vadevnebT Tvals personaJebis
qmedebebs, avtori, am SemTxvevaSi, xom personaJicaa. mis kvaldakval vxdebiT TiToeuli movlenis mowme. es gansakuTrebul mravalferovnebas sZens teqsts da mkiTxvelsac meti emociiT avsebs.
me, piradad, guli mwydeba larasa da Julienis gamo. maTi Tavganwirva uangaroa,
siyvaruli _ wminda, magram cxovrebaa sastiki da isinic reJimis msxverplni arian.
totalitarizmi spobs adamianTa fsiqikas da, laras mamasaviT, xalxs sakuTar `mes~
akargvinebs, jojoxeTis qurumebad aqcevs. maT `hmarTebT~ dabezReba, Suri, ciliswameba, sakuTar sisxlsa da xorcsac aRar indoben.
CemTvis miuRebelia yovelgvari Zaladoba, yovelgvari gaxrwna adamianis sulisa da
gonebisa. sabolood ra moaqvs amas? `an sikvdili an gamarjveba~! Tu mokvdi, ese igi
represiebs Seewire da ai, Tu gaimarjve, zixar sadme baRSi da berlioziviT (mixeil
bulgakovi, `ostati da margarita~) vinme `uvics~ umtkiceb, rom qriste arc yofila
da pilate xom monaWoria. sinamdvileSi, albaT, gasagebia risi Tqmac msurs: yovelgvari reJimi, romelic adamians `ciT monaber suls~ akargvinebs da `gaararavebul berikacad~ aqcevs, dasagmobia da ara mxolod erTi pirovnebis, aramed mTeli kacobriobis mier.
`antonio da daviTi~
(ix. davaleba #14)
mocemul teqstSi Cven vecnobiT Zalian saintereso personaJs _ antonios. mkiTxveli Tavidanve amCnevs mis mWevrmetyvelebasa da Wkuas, radgan is Tavis azrs ostaturad ayalibebs da gasagebad, logikurad msjelobs. Tumca es misi mTavari damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba araa. SeuZlebelia mkiTxveli ar aRivsos garkveuli mowiwebiT antonios mimarT, rodesac gaiazrebs, Tu ramdenad mamacia evropeli misioneri. is imdenad
gambedavia, rom uiaraRod midis yaCaRTa bunagSi, saidanac cocxlad dabrunebas ar
elis, Semdeg ki pirdapir esaubreba yaCaR daviTs mis araerT naklze da Seuracxyofasac ki ayenebs _ araerTxel uwodebs laCars. am SesaSuri simSvidis, simamacis safuZvels antonios saubridanve vigebT: igi aris iseTi adamiani, romelsac `...hyofnis
gambedaoba, Tvali gausworos Tavis SiSs~. marTalia, Semdeg Tavad akritikebs sakuTar Tavs, `sikvdilis SiSi Turme jer kidev ver dameZliao~, magram Tvals usworebs
da ar Zrwis mis winaSe, rac mxolod gamorCeul adamianebs gamosdiT. sikvdilis SiSi
xom bunebrivia, mis winaaRmdeg brZola ki sakuTari bunebis winaaRmdeg brZolaa, rac
udides nebisyofasa da pirovnul simtkices moiTxovs. swored aseTi pirovnebaa antonio: brZeni, mamaci, udidesi nebisyofis mqone adamiani, romelmac TiTqmis daZlia sikvdilis SiSi da amiT _ boroteba sakuTar TavSi.
mxatvrul nawarmoebSi Sinaarsze aranakleb mniSvnelovania, Tu rogoraa naTqvami
gadmocemuli, ra mxatvrul meTodebsa da saSualebebs iyenebs avtori. es arcTu didi
fragmenti mdidaria mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiT, amitom mxolod ramdenime maTganze gavamaxvileb yuradRebas. aRsaniSnavia gapirovneba frazaSi: `Seni SiSi cocxalia, daviT~. amiT xazgasmulia is, rom daviTs mudam eSinia sikvdilis da es
SiSi ise marTavs mas, TiTqos misi mbrZanebeli, cocxali arseba iyos. `Seni mbrZanebelio~, swored am metaforiT moixseniebs mwerali daviTis SiSs Semdgom monakveTSi,
roca is mkiTxvelis am gancdas kidev ufro amZafrebs. Semdgom mwerali codvebs matlebs adarebs, rac TvalsaCinod warmoaCens, Tu rogor datanjavs kacs saiqioSi sakuTari codvebi. metafora `sibrazis talRa~ ki daviTis mZvinvarebasa da saxifaToobas usvams xazs. aRsaniSnavia teqstis intonacia, ritmi. teqstis dramatulobis zrdasTan erTad izrdeba ritmic ise, rom mkiTxveli iZabeba da mTlianad erTveba teqstSi,
TiTqos Tavad iyos moqmedebis Tanamonawile. amasTan, toni didaqtikuria, ritorikuli, rac teqstis ritmTan erTad xels uwyobs imas, rom mkiTxvelma kargad gaigos da
Seisisxlxorcos avtoris saTqmeli. es, Cemi azriT, am fragmentis udides mxatvrul
Rirebulebas ganapirobebs.
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`soxumSi dabruneba~
(ix. davaleba #16)
saSineleba, romelsac omi hqvia, TiToeul adamianze moqmedebs. devnilobis simZime
is tvirTia, romlis zidva nebismieri pirovnebis xasiaTis formirebasa Tu rwmenis,
ndobis ryevas gamoiwvevda. swored omiT gaborotebul adamianTa urTierTobas aRwers
guram odiSaria wignSi `soxumSi dabruneba~.
`gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebuli qali~ TvalebSi Sescqeris imas, rasac omi hqvia.
is erTia mravalTa Soris, isic SemTxveviT gadaurCa sikvdils... amitom eZebs mizezs,
mizezs sakuTari ubedurebisa, radgan lamis `afxazeTis omi sanatrebeli gauxda...~
eZebs da poulobs, radgan martivia daadanaSaulo sxva, oRond sababi dainaxo Seni
cxovrebis aseTi cvlilebebisa: `es soxumelebi sul ar arian gasaSvebi iqiT... gadadian da mere imaT yvelafers eubnebian... mere isini bombaven Cvenebs...~ qals TviTonac
sjera Tavisi naTqvamisa, radgan unda, rom sjerodes, magram arc fiqrobs, aris Tu
ara marTali. ra saWiroa samarTlianobaze fiqri, Tu Tavs `avtobusis meufed
grZnobs, winamZRolad, liderad (ra Tqma unda, erTpirovnulad)~. qali garegnulad
`sustia, mkacri ieris~, `Tavisi SemarTuli sxeuliT xazgasmiT da wamdauwum~ aRniSnavs, rom `arc meti, arc naklebi, ekaterine WavWavaZe-dadianis memkvidrea~ da aravis
arafers SearCens. Tumca yvelaferi arc ase martivadaa. is ar ebmeba brZolaSi, romelSic iwveven, uars ambobs `avtobusis mbrZaneblis skiptraze~... ratom? albaT imitom, rom TviTonac icis, ar SeiZleba `gadmoiyvanon es soxumelebi avtobusidan da
daxvriton~, SeuZlebelia `am gaWirvebul da bedSav xalxs~ niRabi hqondes afarebuli... mas omma rwmena daakargvina, adamianTa rwmena, swored amitomac qceula is ukmex
da anCxl adamianad.
guram odiSarias Txrobis stili metad Taviseburi da sainteresoa. is miaxloebulia yoveldRiur metyvelebasTan, swored amitom iSviaTad vxvdebiT tropul saSualebebs. teqstSi mocemulia sul ramdenime epiTeti. magaliTad: `gaWirvebuli da bedSavi xalxi~ devnilTa mZime sulier Tu fizikur mdgomareobas aRwers, kontrasts ki
hqmnis `saidumlo rukebi~, `daSifruli ustarebi~, `danaSaulobaTa grZeli sia~. Sedarebebi gansakuTrebul elfers sZens nawyvets: `bibliuri meudabnoesaviT naxevradwamowolili~, `gladiatorebiviT... vetakebiT erTmaneTs~. es Sedarebebi avtors exmareba
gaamZafros is ironia, romelic mTel nawarmoebs uwyvet xazad gasdevs. sarkazmi marTlac is mxatvruli xerxia, romelic yvelaze did yuradRebas ipyrobs. odiSaria dascinis arsebul viTarebas: `abaSa: Cven SevwyvetT, Tu Tqven SewyvetT, samtredia: Cven
SevwvetT. Tqven? abaSa: Cvenc. Tqven? samtredia: Cvenc. Tqven?~ avtori aseve ironiiT aRwers omiT daRlili adamianebis ganwyobas: `maT Cveni sisxlis xilva swyuriaT, sad
daiRvreba es sisxli _ arenis qviSaze Tu avtobusis safenebze, maTTvis sulerTia~.
ironia kulminacias aRwevs bolo winadadebaSi: `gixaroden, mamuliSvilno, RmerTi
CvenTanaa!~ es winadadeba mkiTxvels umZafrebs SegrZnebas, rom es yvelaferi didi absurdia, absurdi, romelic mTel qveyanaSi iyo gamefebuli.
da mainc, ra aris mTavari problema, mTavari saTqmeli? albaT is, rom omi yvelafers anadgurebs: rwmenas, siyvaruls, erTianobis gancdasa da SegrZnebas. rusTaveli XII saukuneSi werda: `odes kacsa daeWirvos, maSin unda Zma da Tvisi~, XX saukuneSi ki qarTvelebs swored es daaviwydaT. or nawilad gayofil sazogadoebaSi adamiani kargavs individualur Tvisebebs. is iqceva brbos nawilad, Tavisi Tavis gadasarCenad ki sruliad udanaSaulo adamiansac ki daswamebs cils da esvris qvas. swored es
daemarTa `gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebul qals~, `zugdidis wminda miwasTan~ damxvedr qals, xalxs, romelic ambobda: `ltolvilebi sul zviadistebi arian ra! erTi
magaTi!~... Tumca gasakviri aq araferia, radgan TiTqmis SeuZlebelia SeinarCuno principebi da prioritetebi uryevad, roca qveyana gengreva Tavze, roca xedav, rogor klavs
Seni Zma Senive Zmas... swored amitom, me mecodeba TiToeuli maTgani, radgan omis sisastike adamianis sulieri samyaros ngrevas iwvevs; rwmenadakarguli, usiyvarulo adamianebi ki Zlier qveyanas ver aaSeneben.
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