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Comparison
1. Comparison of adjectives (So snh vi tnh t)
The comparative form of an adjective or adverb shows the difference between two objects. The superlative
form of an adjective or adverb expresses the extreme quality of one thing in a group of things.
a. Forming regular adjectives
Adjectives

Comparative

Superlative

One syllable

Add er

Add est

light

lighter

lightest

neat

neater

neatest

fast

faster

fastest

Only one syllable, ending in

Add r

Add st

wide

wider

widest

fine

finer

finest

cute

cuter

cutest

One syllable, with one vowel

Double the consonant, and

Double the consonant, and

and one consonant at the

add er

add est

hot

hotter

hottest

big

bigger

biggest

fat

fatter

fattest

sad

sadder

saddest

Two syllables, ending in Y

Change y to i, then ad er

Change y to i, then adest

happy

happier

happiest

end.

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silly

sillier

silliest

lonely

lonelier

loneliest

Two syllables or more, not

Use more before the

Use most before the

ending in Y

adjective

adjective

modern

more modern

most modern

interesting

more interesting

most interesting

beautiful

more beautiful

most beautiful

Some two syllables add -er or -est and more or most before the adjective
clever

cleverer/ more clever

cleverest/ most clever

gentle

gentler/ more gentle

gentlest/ most gentle

friendly

friendlier/ more friendly

friendliest/ most friendly

quiet

quieter/ more quiet

quietest/ most quiet

simple

simpler/ more simple

simplest/ most simple

Examples:

A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest.

A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest.

A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more comfortable, but a sofa is the most
comfortable.

b. Irregular adjectives
These adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative.

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Adjectives

Comparative

Superlative

good

better

best

bad

worse

worst

little

less

least

much

more

most

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far

further / farther

furthest / farthest

Examples:

Italian food is better than American food.

My dog is the best dog in the world.

My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking.

Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.

2. Comparison of adverbs (So snh vi trng t)

a. Forming regular adverbs
Like adjectives some adverbs can take comparative and superlative forms, with -er and est.
Examples:

Jim works harder than his brother.

Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.

The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.

Could you sing more quietly please?

Jim works harder than his brother.

Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.

b. Irregular adverbs
Adverbs

Comparative

Superlative

well

better

best

badly

worse

worst

little

less

least

far

further / farther

furthest / farthest

Examples:

The little boy ran further than his friends.

Youre driving worse today than yesterday!

Note: Comparatives can be modified by the following words: a bit, a little, much, a lot, far (=a lot), even, no,
still.
Examples:
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Lets go by car. Its much cheaper.

Ann worked a lot harder than most of her friends.

Could you speak a bit more slowly

Her illness was far more serious than we at first thought.

This is even worse than that one.

3. Others form of comparison (Cc dng so snh)

1. Comparison of Equality (So snh ngang bng)
When things being compared have equal characteristics, the comparison of equality is used.
Examples:

The book is as good as the movie.

The boy is as tall as the girl.

- To form the comparisons of equality using adjectives or adverbs, use the following formula:
as adjectives/adverbs as
Examples:

Peter is 24 years old. John is 24 years old. Peter is as old as John.

A bicycle is not as expensive as a car

Moscow is as cold as St. Petersburg in the winter.

He doesnt run as fast as I do.

She drives as carefully as her mother

- To form the comparisons of equality using nouns, use the following formula:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + {noun/ pronoun}
Examples:

My house is the same height as his.

Ann gets the same salary as me

These trees are the same as those.

He speaks the same language as she.

Her address is the same as Ritas.

- To show the differences between things, people , we can use the following formula:
different from + (noun/pronoun)
or

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different + (noun) + (noun/pronoun)
Examples:

Their teacher is different from ours.

She takes different books from her friends.

2. Comparative/Superlative of inferiority (So snh km/km nht)

Examples:

He visits his family less frequently than she does.

This years exhibit is less impressive than last years.

She chose the least expensive of the hotels

This is the least interesting part of the dictionary

3. Double comparative (So snh kp)

We use the double comparative when we want to show that something is changing or is in the process of
changing. We use the following formula:
.er and .er
or
. more and more .
Examples:

Children spend more and more time watching TV.

(Tr con cng ngy cng dnh nhiu thi gian cho ti vi)

She is getting fatter and fatter.

(C y cng ngy cng bo)

He became more and more anxious with every passing minute

(Mi pht tri qua, anh ta cng thm lo lng)

4. Proportional comparative (So snh cp tin)

We can use comparatives with the the to say that things change or vary together. Note the word order in
both clauses.

The + comparative + the noun, the + comparative + the noun

or
The more + clause, the more + clause
or
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The more + clause, the + comparative + the + noun
Examples:

The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.

(Tri cng nng, ti cng thy kh chu)

The sooner you take your medicine, the better you will feel.
(Anh cng ung thuc sm bao nhiu, anh cng cm thy d chu by nhiu)

The more you study, the better the prospects of finding a good job.
(Cng hc nhiu th trin vng tm c cng vic tt cng ln)

The bigger they are, the faster they fall.

(Vt cng to bao nhiu th cng ri nhanh by nhiu)

The more you study, the smarter you will become.

(Cng hc, anh cng thng minh hn).

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