32) 8015 International Standard INTERNATIONAL ONGANZATION FON STANONNOIEATIN ENAVHAFORVAA GPT ANVAHA I GT ANIAPTVAALINGORGARATION ITETRATIONALEDERORMALIATIN Technical drawings — Fundamental tolerancing principle Dessins techniques — Principe de tolérancement de base First edition — 1985-12-15 Obiained from and reproduced by Document Engineering Co., Inc. with the permission of ISO & ANSI under royalty agreement. 15210 Stagg Street, Van Nuys, California 91405-1092 UDC 744.4; 621.763.1 Ref. No. ISO 8015-1985 (E) e FE ontnan: ens ial denn dense san, a ha, tect tn s gForeword 180 the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of rnetional standards bodies (ISO member bodice). The work of proparing International ‘Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committes. Each member body interested in a subject for which 2 technical committee has baen estabished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern ‘mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work Draft Intemational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bedies for aparoval before their accoptance as International Standards by tho ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bocles vating Intemational Standard ISO 8015 was prepared by Tachnical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical drawings. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time 1nd that eny reference made herein to any other Intarnational Standard implies its latast odition, uniess otherwise stated. © Internationel Organization for Stenderdizstion, 1985 © Protein SwiteerandINTERNATIONAL STANDARD 180 8015-1095 (E) Technical drawings — Fundamental tolerancing principle 1 Scope ‘Tris International Standard specifies the principle of the re- lationship between dimensional near and angular tolerances ‘and geometical tolerances. 2. Field of application ‘The specified principle shall be apoted on technical drawings ‘and related technical documents 10 = linear dimensions and their tolerances; angular dimensions and ther tolerances; geometrical tolerances; Which eetine the following four sspects for each feature of the part = form; = otientation; = location. 3. References 180 286/1, 180 system of mits and fits ~ Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits." 130 1101, Technical drawings ~ Geometrical tolerencing ~ Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out — Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drewings. 1S0 2632, Technical drawings — Gaometiea!tlerencing — ‘Maximum material principle. 4. Principle of independency Each specified dimensional or geometrical requirement on @ drawing shal be met Independentiy, unless @ particular re- letionship Is specified. i) At present at the stage of daft (Revision of [SO/R 285-1862 2) At present atthe stag of craft (Revision of ISO 1101/2-1874.) “eensed copes epinted use! an agreement with ISO. No luther reproducten Therefore, where no relationship 's specified, the geometrical tolerance applies rogardiess of feature size, and the two re quirements are treated as being unrelated, Consequenty, if a particular relationship of = size and form, of = size and orientation, oF = size and location is required, it shall be specified on the drawing (see clause 6) 5 Tolerances 5.1 Dimensional tolerances 5.1.1 Unear tolerances {A linear tolerance controls only the actual focal sizes (two-point measurements) of @ feature, but not its form deviations (for example circularity and straightness devistions of a cylindrical, {feature or flatness deviations of two peralel plane surfaces). (S00 [SO 286/'.) Form deviations shal, however, be controlled by the following: — tndividully indicated form tolerances; —goneral geometrical tleraness; = envelope requirement NOTE — For tha purposes of this international Stendard, 2 singe feature consists of 2 cynical surface or two paral! pane sufacos “There Is no contro! of the geometicelineretlonship of indvduat features by to nea tolerances. For exarale, th porpendeulriy of ‘the sides ofa ovDe not controlad and, eran, Ieequres @ Doren ult tlerance dictated by the design requirement.1SO 8015-1985 (E) BAZ Angular t ‘An angular toleence, specified in angular units, controls only the general orientation of lines arin elements of surfaces, but ‘nat their form deviations (see igure 1) ‘The general orientation of th lin dorved from the actual {acai the orientation ofthe contacting line af ideal geometrical form (see figura 1). The maximum distance botween the coo- ‘acting line and tho actual line shall be the least possible valve. Form deviations shal, however, be controled by the following: = Individelly indicated form tolerances: — general goometrical tolerances. 5.2. Geometrical tolerances Geometrical tolerances control the deviation of the feature from its theoretically exact = form, oF — orientation, oF = location regardless of the feature size. ‘The geometrical tolerencea wil, therefore, apply independently fof the actua focal sizes of Individual features [seo cause 4) ‘The geometrical deviations may be at a maximum whether oF ot the erose-sections of the respective features are at ‘maximum material see. For instance, a shaft with maximum material size at eny cross: section may have @ lobed form deviation within the circularity tolerance, and may algo be bont by the amount of the ‘straightness tolerance (see figures 2a) and 2b]. 0.06 0.02 9 150 h71 Bae) 8) Drawing indication Any cross-section Maximum iit of io Maximum etary deviation luesuiting fom 9 ted form) Moximum lie ofeze Moximum stsighines, 1b) tneerpretation Figure 21SO 8015-1985 (E) 6 Mutual dependency of size and geometry Mutual dependency of size and geometry may be called for by = the envelope requirement (see 6.1); = the maximum material principle (s06 6.2), 6.1 Envelope requirement For a single featue, ether e cyfndrcal surface ora feature eetablishad by ‘wo paral plane surfaces [feature of size, the envelope roquirement may be applied. The roquiroment means that the envelope of perfect form at meximum material sizeof the feature shall rot be violated, ‘The envelope requirement may be indicated elther = bye mmbot (paced ater tho ner tleane abe fue 2) o = by reference to an eppropit standard which invoke the envelope requeant Example: Envelope requirement apoied to a cylindrica feature - 2) Draning indication Figure 3a), ‘b)Funetional requirements: = The surface of the eyinchical festure shall not extend beyond the envelope of perfect form at maximum material size of 6 150. — No actual local size shal be loss than o 149,98, ‘This means that the actual part shall meet the following requirements: each actual local diameter ofthe shaft shall remain within the size tolerance of 0,04 and, therefore, may vary between © 150 and a 149,98 [sea figure 3b] 4, day dy: aes local lometrs Figure 36)ISO 8015-1985 (E) =the entice shaft shall remain within the boundary of the envelope cylinder of perfect form and of @ 150 [see figures 30) ‘and 34) Envelope of perfect form at mamum materi ie ‘Acts! foes! ‘arraro Figure 3c) Envolone of perfect form ‘at mexom motel $2 ‘Actual lel Uciameros J 018,86 Figuro 34) Hence it fellows thatthe shaft shall bs exacty cylindrical when all actual local diameters are at the maximurn material sie of @ 150 (600 figure 3a. Envelope of porfect form Ee ‘maximom motel ie 0750 180 fa Figure 36)62 Maximum material principle {for funetional and economic reasons there is a requirement for the mutual dependency of the size and orientation oF location of the features), than the maximum material principle may be applied (seo ISO 2692), 7 Api sation on drawings 7.1 Completeness of drawings The drawing should specity dimensional and geometrical ‘wlerances necessary to check the part completely for its function, ISO 8015-1985 (E) 7.2. Designation Drawings to which the principle of independeney epplies shal be identified by being marked in or close to the drawing tte blook ae follows: Tolerancing 1S 6015 ‘This indication shall bs supplementod by a reference to the ep- propriate standard for general geometrical tolerances ot to ‘other related documents. ‘Some national standards (which should be referred to on the drening) lay down that the anvolope requirement for single features Is the not and is, therefore, not eapatately spectied fon the drawing. “Lente copies rprted unde an egreement wih ISO. No further reproduction f slowed wahou the expies wien consent ol 0 srw ANS!