Do An Khan Lanh

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP. HCM

KHOA C KH CH TO MY
c lp - T do Hnh phc
B MN CNG NGH CH TO MY
NHIM V N TT NGHIP
inh Hong Tn
MSSV: 10103131
Hunh Ph Nguyn MSSV: 10903005

No Th Hong
MSSV: 10903025
Lp: 101031C - 109030A - 109030C
Kha: 2010-2015
Ngnh o to: C kh Ch to my
H:
Chnh quy
Tn ti:Nghin cu, thit k v tnh ton m hnh sn xut khn lnh, dit khun
bng cng ngh Plasma lnh.
1)
Cc s liu, ti liu ban u:

M hnh thit b c kch thc 2100x500x1100 mm;
Tin hnh cc th nghim kh khun;
M hnh to ra mi trng Plasma nhit thp 30-70C v p sut bng p sut
phng.
2) Ni dung chnh ca n:
Tng quan v lnh vc nghin cu, kt qu nghin cu trong v ngoi nc, mc
ch v nhim v ti;
C s l thuyt: mi trng hnh thnh Plasma nhit thp mi trng p sut
thng, nguyn l dit khun ca mi trng Plasma;
Tnh ton, thit k v tm ra m hnh ti u cho thit b; ch to m hnh vi kch
thc 2100x500x1100 mm;
Kim tra v tm ra cc thng s ti u ca thit b - in p, tn s;
Kt lun v kin ngh: nhng u v khuyt im ca m hnh; kh nng ng dng
ca m hnh vo thc t.
3) Ngy giao n: 10/09/2014
4) Ngy np n: 17/01/2015
TRNG B MN
(K, ghi r h tn)
GING VIN HNG DN

(K, ghi r h tn)
c php bo v .(GVHD k, ghi r h tn)

1
LI CAM KT
Tn ti: Nghin cu, thit k v ch to m hnh sn xut khn lnh dit khun
bng cng ngh Plasma lnh
Ging vin hng dn: Th.S Thi Vn Phc
H v tn sinh vin: inh Hong Tn.
MSSV: 10103131
Lp: 101031C
a ch sinh vin: B Ra Vng Tu

S in thoi lin lc: 01662588488
Email: tandinh8@gmail.com
Ngy np kho lun tt nghip (ATN): 17/01/2015
Li cam kt: Ti xin cam oan kho lun tt nghip (ATN) ny l cng trnh do chnh ti
nghin cu v thc hin. Ti khng sao chp t bt k mt bi vit no c cng b m
khng trch dn ngun gc. Nu c bt k mt s vi phm no, ti xin chu hon ton trch
nhim.
Tp. H Ch Minh, Ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2015

(K, ghi r h tn)
inh Hong Tn
LI CAM KT
H v tn sinh vin: Hunh Ph Nguyn
MSSV: 10903005
Lp: 109030A
a ch sinh vin: Daklak

Email: phunguyencmg@gmail.com
nhim.
Tp. H Ch Minh, Ngy 16 Thng 01 Nm 2015

(K, ghi r h tn)
Hunh Ph Nguyn
3
LI CAM KT
H v tn sinh vin: No Th Hong
MSSV: 10903025
Lp: 10930C
a ch sinh vin: Ninh Thun.

Email: hoangnaospkt10@gmail.com
nhim.
Tp. H Ch Minh, Ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2015

(K, ghi r h tn)
No Th Hong
LI CM N
n tt nghip i vi sinh vin nm cui l rt quan trng, nhm tng hp li

nhng kin thc v chuyn ngnh c kh ch to my v cc mn hc khc m chng em
c hc sut 4 nm ging ng i hc, cng nh nhng kinh nghim t thc t. n
tt nghip ny gip chng em i t l thuyt vo thc t nghin cu v ch to m hnh
thc t. Qua chng em cng c vng hn v kin thc chuyn ngnh v k nng lm
vic thc t cng nh lm vc nhm sao cho hiu qu hn, l mt k nng rt cn thit cho
k s sau khi ra trng.
Li cm n chn thnh v su sc nht u tin xin gi n gia nh v s ng vin
khng mt mi v s k cn, gip , to mi iu kin chng em hon thnh kha hc
ca mnh mt cch tt nht.
Trc tin chng em xin chn thnh gi n ton th qu thy c trong Khoa C Kh
Ch to my truyn t nhng kin thc v kinh nghim qu bu trong sut nhng nm
thng trn ging ng i hc li cm n chn thnh nht.
Chng em xin by t lng bit n chn thnh n ThS. Thi Vn Phc ngi
hng dn, ch bo tn tnh v to mi iu kin thun li chng em hon thnh tt
n. Bn cnh chng em cng mun gi li cm n n cc thy c gio trong Khoa C
kh Ch To my, trng i hc S phm K thut TP. HCM; c bit xin gi li cm n
n thy Thi Vn Phc, thy Trn Ngc m, thy Phan Minh Thanh, thy Dng ng
Danh, thy Phm Huy Tun cho chng em nhng li khuyn hu ch v to iu kin tt
nht cho chng em thc hin ti ny.
Mc d rt c gng, nhng trong mt khong thi gian cho php, cng nh hn
ch v mt kin thc ca bn thn, n ny khng th trnh khi nhiu thiu st. Chnh v
vy, chng em rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy gio, c gio cng nh ca bn b
v nhng ngi c quan tm n lnh vc m n ny c trnh by.
Cui cng knh chc qu thy, c trong khoa C kh Ch to my li chc sc khe,
hnh phc, cng tc tt.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
Nhm sinh vin thc hin: inh Hong Tn, Hunh Ph Nguyn, No Th Hong.
TM TT N
ti NGHIN CU, TNH TON V THIT K M HNH SN XUT
KHN LNH DIT KHUN BNG CNG NGH PLASMA LNH
Cng ngh Plasma c lu i nhng hu ht c dng trong phng th nghim
vi p sut thp.V vic ng dng cng ngh Plasma kh khun khn lnh th cha c tt
chc, trung tm no nghin cu thit k v ch to.
Nghin cu c thc hin gm bn giai on l:
Giai on 1 Nghin cu l thuyt v cng ngh Plasma, ng lc hc plasma,
nghin cu kh nng dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma v ng dng vo dit
khun khn lnh.
Giai on 2 a ra nhiu phng n thit k ch to m hnh x l thc nghim,
phn tch u nhc im ca tng phng n, v cui cng chn phng n ti u
da trn tiu ch hiu sut x l, tit kim nng lng v bo v mi trng.
Giai on 3 Tin hnh th nghim vi cc iu kin khc nhau: cng sut tiu hao
(dng in, in p, tn s), kch thc hnh dng bung Plasma.
Giai on 4 Phn tch nh gi kt qu th nghim v kt lun.
MC LC
6
LI CAM KT............................................................................................................ 2
LI CM N.............................................................................................................5
TM TT N......................................................................................................6
MC LC...................................................................................................................7
DANH MC HNH NH.........................................................................................10
CHNG 1: GII THIU........................................................................................12
1.
Tnh cp thit ca ti................................................................................12
2.
Mc tiu nghin cu.....................................................................................14
3.
i tng nghin cu v phm vi nghin cu..............................................14

3.1 i tng nghin cu................................................................................14
3.2 Phm vi nghin cu...................................................................................14
4.
Phng php nghin cu...............................................................................14

4.1 C s phng php lun............................................................................14
4.2 Cc phng php nghin cu c th..........................................................14
CHNG 2: TNG QUAN NGHIN CU TI.............................................16

1.
Tng quan v quy trnh, my mc sn xut khn lnh hin nay....................16
2.
S nguyn l xp vi:...........................................................................17
Phn tch nhc im quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay........................18
3. Gii thiu s lc v Plasma v nguyn l dit khun bng cng ngh

Plasma lnh...................................................................................................................... 18
3.1 Gii thiu v Plasma..................................................................................18
3.2 Quy trnh sn xut khn lnh dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma lnh.....20
3.3 Yu cu k thut........................................................................................20
3.4 Kh nng dit khun ca Plasma...............................................................20
3.5 Kh nng x l b mt ca Plasma:...........................................................21
4.
Cc nghin cu lin quan n ti..............................................................21

4.1 Vi khng dt Rayon nguyn liu sn xut khn t.................................21
4.2 Nc gi m cho khn lnh.......................................................................23
CHNG 3: PHNG HNG V GII PHP CNG NGH.........................24

7
1.
Nhng yu cu c bn ca ti...................................................................24
2.
Phng n v gii php thc hin.................................................................24

2.1 Phng n chn m hnh...........................................................................25
2.2 Phng n thc hin thit b m hnh........................................................27
3.
Phng n s dng vt liu in cc trong:..................................................28
4.
Phng n nh v thanh in cc:................................................................30
5.
La chn phng n.....................................................................................31
6.
H thng kt cu m hnh.............................................................................31
6.1 M hnh thc nghim................................................................................31
6.2 Thuyt minh m hnh thc nghim............................................................31
CHNG 4: THIT K V TNH TON H THNG SN XUT KHN LNH

DIT KHUN BNG CNG NGH PLASMA................................................................32
1.
Thit k h thng sn xut khn lnh dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma....32
1.1 Bung dit khun b mt phi vi bng Plasma........................................32
1.2 C cu xp khn........................................................................................33
1.3
C cu thm nc v p nc..................................................................34
1.4
C cu ct vi...........................................................................................36
1.5
C cu xp i vi....................................................................................37
1.6
Bng chuyn.............................................................................................38
1.7
B truyn xch..........................................................................................39
1.8
C cu ng gi........................................................................................40
1.9 B hn mp gia........................................................................................41
1.10 Khung my................................................................................................43
1.11 B gia nhit v ct t hai u...............................................................43
2. Tnh ton h thng m hnh sn xut khn lnh dit khun bng cng ngh
Plasma cho ng c u tin............................................................................................44
CHNG 5: CH TO V THC NGHIM.........................................................47
1.
Vi khun T cu vng (Staphylococcus aureus)............................................47

1.1 Gii thiu v vi khun T cu vng (Staphylococcus aureus)...................47
1.2 Tc hi gy ra ca vi khun T cu vng (Staphylococcus aureus)...........48
2. Th nghim v kh nng dit khun vi bng cng ngh Plasma lnh...............49

8
2.1 Chun b th nghim....................................................................................49

2.2 Dng c th nghim....................................................................................49
2.3. Trnh t th nghim.....................................................................................50
Bng thng s x l ca cc mu vi th nghim:.....................................50
2.4. Tin hnh th nghim..................................................................................51

2.5. Kt qu th nghim......................................................................................52
2.6. nh gi hiu sut kh trng ca Plasma lnh ln khn t ph khun.....53
2.7. Kt lun......................................................................................................55
KT LUN V KIN NGH...................................................................................56
TI LIU THAM KHO.........................................................................................57
DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 1: Quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay.................................................12
9
Hnh 2: Phi bao b...........................................................................................13

Hnh 3: Phi vi................................................................................................13
Hnh 4: Quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay.................................................16
Hnh 5: Tia Plasma (a - Plasma t nhin; b - Plasma nhn to).......................18
Hnh 6: S chuyn bin vt cht theo nhit ...................................................19
Hnh 7: Quy trnh sn sut khn lnh, dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma......20
Hnh 8: Gc oxy ha bc cao OH- ph v cu to ca t bo vi khun.............21
Hnh 9: Cc cc bn tia plasma........................................................................21
Hnh 10: M hnh dng ng...............................................................................25
Hnh 11: M hnh dng tm...............................................................................26
Hnh 12: Bung plasma phng n 1................................................................27
Hnh 13: M hnh phng n 2.........................................................................27
Hnh 14: Thanh in cc ng 8 di 530mm..................................................28
Hnh 15: Thanh in cc inox 8 di 530mm...................................................28
Hnh 16: Thanh in cc vnfram.....................................................................29
Hnh 17: Thanh in cc nhm.........................................................................29
Hnh 18: nh v in cc bn trong ng...........................................................30
Hnh 19: nh v in cc bn ngoi................................................................30
Hnh 20: S m hnh....................................................................................31
Hnh 21: Bung x l plasma............................................................................32
Hnh 22: C cu xp khn................................................................................33
Hnh 23: C cu thm nc v p nc............................................................34
Hnh 24: C cu ct vi.....................................................................................36
Hnh 25: C cu xp i....................................................................................37
Hnh 26: Bng chuyn.......................................................................................38
Hnh 27: B truyn xch.....................................................................................39
Hnh 28: C cu ng gi.................................................................................40
Hnh 29: B hn mp gia.................................................................................41
Hnh 30: B gia nhit v ct t hai u...........................................................43
Hnh 31: Nguyn l o lc.................................................................................45
10
Hnh 32: Vi khun t cu vng...........................................................................47

Hnh 33: Vi khun t cu vng...........................................................................47
Hnh 34: Bn th nghim, Hnh 35: Thng bo qun.........................................49
Hnh 36: Tin hnh th nghim..........................................................................51
Hnh 37: My x l b mt ang lm vic.........................................................51
Hnh 38: Chng m, Hnh 39: Chng dng....................................................52
CHNG 1: GII THIU

1. Tnh cp thit ca ti
11
V kch thc nh gn, d dng vn chuyn, bo qun, gi thnh r (450/ci)

v rt thun tin cho vic s dng nn khn lnh ngy cng c s dng rt ph bin,
c bit l cc nh hng, khch sn, bn tu xe cc thnh ph.
Tuy nhin theo tm hiu ca nhm, qu trnh sn xut khn lnh n cha nhiu
nguy c gy nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu dng v gy nhim mi trng. C
th, theo Hnh 1 - quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay phi vi c ly t cun 1
(phi vi c nhp khu hon ton t Trung Quc cha qua x l), sau s c
xp lm 4 phn qua c cu xp vi, tip theo s c thm t vo dung dch (cht
bo qun v hng liu), sau s c gp i v ng gi thnh sn phm.
Hnh 1: Quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay

Vi quy trnh trn, phi vi s khng c x l tit trng m c a thng
vo qu trnh sn xut v ng gi. Chnh v l quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin
nay cn tn ti mt s nhc im sau:
-
Vi khn lnh cha qua dit khun nn vn cn cha cc vi khun, nm mc

gy bnh c ng gi a vo s dng.
S dng nhiu ha cht bo qun v to mi thm gy nhim mi trng
v c bit l gy kch ng da ngi s dng.
12
Hnh 2: Phi bao b
Hnh 3: Phi vi
-
bo qun trong thi gian lu di, vi s c a vo dung dch (cc loi

ha cht bo qun + hng liu) vi nng nht nh. Cc loi ha cht v
hng liu ny c pha trn vi ngun gc v xut x t Trung Quc.
Trc nhng vn nh trn, vic nghin cu v thit k m hnh x l khn

lnh bng cng ngh mi lm sch vi, khng gy nhim, tit kim nng
lng v khng s dng ha cht ang tr thnh mt vn cp thit.
Ngy nay, cng ngh Plasma lnh ang c ng dng rng ri trong lnh vc
ty khun nh tit trng dng c y t, x l nc thi, x l nc ung... So
vi nhng cng ngh truyn thng th cng ngh Plasma ch s dng in nng
to ra cc cht oxy ha bc cao dng dit khun. Do , vic s dng
cng ngh Plasma lnh em li nhiu hiu qu nh tit kim nng lng,
khng s dng ha cht, khng gy nhim mi trng.
Do vy ng dng cng ngh Plasma lnh vo quy trnh sn xut khn lnh
nhm thay th vic s dng ha cht bo qun tr thnh vn cp thit
13
Vi phng hng gii php trn nhm chng ti nghin cu, thit k, tnh
ton m hnh x l khn lnh v th nghim kh nng dit khun trn khn
lnh bng cng ngh Plasma vi kch thc 2100x500x1100 (mm).
2. Mc tiu nghin cu
-
Nghin cu, thit k v tnh ton mt my sn xut khn lnh vi nng sut
120 ci/pht.
nh gi cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh x l Plasma.
3. i tng nghin cu v phm vi nghin cu

3.1
i tng nghin cu
-
3.2
Phm vi nghin cu
-
4.
ti s nghin cu, thit k v tnh ton mt m hnh sn xut khn lnh.

Nghin cu v th nghim kh nng dit khun ca Plasma lnh trn khn
lnh.
ti tp trung nghin cu, tnh ton v thit k mysn xut khn lnh bng cng
ngh Plasma nhit thp trong mi trng p sut thng vi nng sut 120
ci/pht.
Phng php nghin cu

4.1
C s phng php lun

-
4.2
Phng php phn tch ti liu: Tham kho t gio trnh thit k my v ti
liu v Plasma v c s h tr t Gio vin hng dn Th.S Thi Vn
Phc
iu tra thc t: Quan st, nghin cu cc my sn xut khn lnh ang c
thnh ph H Ch Minh. Thc hin cc th nghim v kh nng dit khun
bng cng ngh Plasma lnh trn khn lnh.
Cc phng php nghin cu c th

-
Phng php tng hp t cc ngun thng tin, tin hnh x l, xut

phng n, nguyn l hot ng, thit b ph tr, thc hin thit k m hnh.
Tin hnh lm th nghim v phn tch kt qu th nghim.
Thit k tnh ton my hon chnh.
Tham kho ti liu v thit k my x l nc thi bng cng ngh Plasma
Kt cu ca n tt nghip bao gm 6 chng:

Chng 1: Gii thiu
Chng 2: Tng quan nghin cu ti
14
Chng 3: Phng hng v cc gii php

Chng 4: xut cng ngh, tnh ton, thit k
Chng 5: Kt lun v kin ngh
CHNG 2: TNG QUAN NGHIN CU TI

1. Tng quan v quy trnh, my mc sn xut khn lnh hin nay
15
Hnh 4: Quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay

Theo quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay, phi vi c kch thc chiu rng ban
u l 24cm s c ly t cun 1 a ti c cu xp vi gp thnh 4 phn bng nhau
thng qua cc c cu rulo lm cng vi, lc ny chiu rng mng vi s l 6cm.
Tip theo phi vi s tip tc c a ti cng on thm t thng qua mt cp
rulo X, rulo X c nhim v l ko vi ln theo phng thng ng. Sau khi phi vi c
ko ln, vi s b thm t khi nc t vi x xung, tip tc vi t s b cp rulo p nc
ko i.
Vi tip tc c cp rulo Y ko i, rulo Y c tc dng ko vi, chuyn ng vi t
phng ngang thnh phng thng ng chun b a vo hp ct vi. Ti y hai dao
ct c b tr trn hai trc quay, c sau 1 vng quay th hai dao ct s tip xc nhau v ct
t ming vi.
Ti thi im vi ang b ct t th u di ca vi c cp rulo Z ( va lm
cng phi vi va a phi vi xung c cu gp i thng qua cc si dy cao su mc trn
cc cp rulo Z v H ) ng vai tr l bnh ai mang dy ai b bng ti cun ly a
xung c cu xp i khn.
C cu xp i khn l mt ming thp c gn trn con trt v trt trn thanh
trt gn c nh vi thn my, chuyn ng nh c cu trc khuu lch tm.
Vi sau khi xp i c b truyn xch ti ti c cu ng gi, lc ny bao b cng
ang c ko ti c cu ng gi nh dng sao cho bao b bc ly vi v ng gi.
16
Tip theo, bn thnh phm c a vo c cu gia nhit hn mp gia, c cu gia

nhit bao gm hai bnh xe trc c tc dng gip mp bao b st vo vi nhau, hai bnh xe
sau gia nhit lm cho hai m bao b dnh vo vi nhau.
Lc ny thnh phm c hn mp gia v c a ti c cu chi qut bng
chuyn p khng kh trong bao b ra ngoi chun b a vo c cu ct v hn nhit
hai u.
Bn thnh phm c a vo hp ct v hn nhit hai u, dao v cc on vn gia
nhit c tch hp trn cng mt trc quay, trc cn li b tr i xng. Khi trc quay c
mt vng th dao s ct t bn thnh phm ng thi vn gia nhit s hn mp 2 u bn
thnh phm.
Bn thnh phm c chi qut a ra khi hp gia nhit v hn mp gia. Thnh
phm c sn xut xong.
S nguyn l xp vi:
Phi vi ban u
Vi khi mi a ra t cun
vi, c x l Plasma v
c cc rulo
Vi xp lm 4
Vi ang c c cu xp
vi nh hnh
Vi sau khi xp lm 4
Vi khi c rulo X ko ln
sau khi i qua c cu xp vi
Vi ang xp i
Vi c c cu xp i y
vo trung im to thnh np
gp nm ngang
17
Vi xp i
Vi sau khi xp i v chun

b a vo ng gi
2. Phn tch nhc im quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay.
-
Gy ra ting n.
Dng ha cht bo qun v hng liu.
Nng sut thp.
ti ca nhm s khc phc c cc nhc im: Gim ting n sinh ra t

nhng b phn c va p khi lm vic, hn ch cht bo qun bng s dng dit khun
b mt bng cng ngh Plasma, tng nng sut ln 120 ci/pht.
3. Gii thiu s lc v Plasma v nguyn l dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma lnh.
3.1 Gii thiu v Plasma
Hnh 5: Tia Plasma (a - Plasma t nhin; b - Plasma nhn to)

Plasma l trng thi th t ca vt cht (cc trng thi khc l rn, lng, kh)
trong cc cht b ion ha mnh. i b phn phn t hay nguyn t ch cn li ht
nhn, cc electron chuyn ng tng i t do gia cc ht nhn. Plasma khng ph
bin trn Tri t tuy nhin trn 99% vt cht trong v tr tn ti di dng plasma,
v th trong bn trng thi vt cht, plasma c xem nh trng thi u tin trong v
tr.
18
Hnh 6: S chuyn bin vt cht theo nhit

Nu s ion ha c xy ra bi vic nhn nng lng t cc dng vt cht bn
ngoi nh t cc bc x in t th Plasma cn gi l Plasma lnh.
Th d nh i vi hin tng phng in trong cht kh, cc electron bn t
catod ra lm ion ha mt s phn t trung ha. Cc electron mi b tch ra chuyn
ng nhanh trong in trng v tip tc lm ion ha cc phn t khc. Do hin
tng ion ha mang tnh dy chuyn ny, s ng cc phn t trong cht kh b ion
ha v cht kh chuyn sang trng thi plasma. Trong thnh phn cu to loi plasma
ny c cc ion dng, ion m, electron v cc phn t trung ha.
Nu s ion ha xy ra do va chm nhit gia cc phn t hay nguyn t
nhit cao th Plasma cn gi l Plasma nng. Khi nhit tng dn, cc
electron b tch ra khi nguyn t v nu nhit kh ln, ton b cc nguyn t b
ion ha. nhit rt cao, cc nguyn t b ion ha tt , ch cn cc ht nhn v
cc electron tch ri khi cc ht nhn.
Nh vo cc c tnh c bit ca Plasma (nng lng ng lc hc ca chm
ht electron, cc tia UV c to ra, cc ht mang in tch) nhit thp c
ng dng trong vic x l nc thi, x l b mt...Trong ng dng Plasma x l
b mt, Plasma c to ra di dng cc ion phn t c phun trc tip ln b mt
nha, nhng electron cc dng s c phng vo mng nha to mt lp nhn
ni cc vt mc s c lp ph ln to ra s lin kt tt gia lp mc in v mng
nha. Ngoi ra, cng ngh Plasma nhit thp cn c s dng kh trng cc
dng c nha khoa, cng nh cc dng c y t khc.
3.2
Quy trnh sn xut khn lnh dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma lnh
19
Hnh 7: Quy trnh sn sut khn lnh, dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma
3.3 Yu cu k thut
-
M hnh phi to ra c plasma nhit thp iu kin p sut thng x

l khn lnh;
Cch ly vng x l vi mi trng bn ngoi t hiu qu cao nht;
m bo cch in an ton cho ngi thao tc v d dng iu khin.

3.4 Kh nng dit khun ca Plasma
Plasma bao gm cc ht mang in tch m, in tch dng v cc gc t do, chnh

cc gc t do ny vi nng lng hot ha cao s tng tc vi mng t bo, acid nucleic v
enzym ca vi khun lm cho vi khun b tiu dit. Cui qu trnh cc gc t do kt hp vi
nhau to thnh Oxy v nc khng gy c cho mi trng v ngi s dng.
Plasma bao gm cc ht mang in tch nh electrons, ions, cc ht kch thch vi
ng nng lng, tia UV v c bit l cc gc oxy ha bc cao nh HO*, O*, H*, H 2O2, O3
- y chnh l nhng tc nhn dit khun mnh m nht. Cc tc nhn ny d dng ph v
mng t bo hay cu trc DNA ca vi khun, virus, nm mc, lm chng b tiu dit hoc b
tn thng m khng phc hi li c.
20
Hnh 8: Gc oxy ha bc cao OH- ph v cu to ca t bo vi khun
3.5 Kh nng x l b mt ca Plasma:
Hnh 9: Cc cc bn tia plasma

Nh s phng in gia 2 cc mang in tch to ra cc cht oxi ha bc cao lm ph
v lin kt ca vi khun, qua s dit khun hoc ngn s hot ng ca vi khun.
4. Cc nghin cu lin quan n ti
4.1 Vi khng dt Rayon nguyn liu sn xut khn t
Vi khng dt dng cun sn xut bi dy chuyn sn xut cng ngh cao kh t
100mm 3050mm. Phc v hot ng sn xut khn t, khn lnh v cc loi khc.
Sn phm sn xut t nguyn liu cht lng cao: Rayon, Polyester, bt g, loi si mnh
to kt dnh cht ch cao. Sn phm c bit n v a dng mu m, bn cao, c
tnh chn sng v hp th tt, mm mi, d s dng
21
Tnh nng: mm, t lng ,d s dng, ht nc v bn cao, d x l v ch dng mt

ln.
ng dng: C th s dng lm khn t, khn y t hay ngnh du lch
Di y l mt s sn phm c mt trong dch v cung cp khn lnh gi r trong nc
hin nay:
-
Khn lnh loi chm bi:
Chm bi 01 (70g) - mng v dy: thng dnh qun n ln.

Chm bi 02 (75g) - dy: thng dnh cho qun cafe ln, nh hng ln.
Chm bi 03 (90g) - loi dy: thng dnh cho bida, nh hng ln.
22
Khn lnh loi li:
Li 01 (50g) - mng v dy: thng dnh cho qun n nh.

Li 02 (55g) - dy: thng dnh cho qun cafe nh, nh hng nh.
Li 03 (60g) - dy: thng dnh cho nh hng nh.
4.2
Nc gi m cho khn lnh

-
Nc tinh khit RO:

+ Quy trnh sn xut nc RO
+ Tm quan trng ca vic s dng nc RO trong khn lnh
Ngy nay, cc c s sn xut khn lnh ti Vit Nam u s dng nc RO thm t vi,
nguyn nhn l nu s dng nc my, nc cha qua x l, nc thng thng s lm vi
b mc sau khi ng gi trong mt thi gian ngn.
23
CHNG 3:
NGH
PHNG HNG V GII PHP CNG
1. Nhng yu cu c bn ca ti
Xut pht t mi trng lm vic v iu kin s dng m hnh cn c nhng

yu cu c bn sau:
Hai thanh in cc phi t thng tt nht, dng in phng Plasma phi

u, khng c tp trung dng in ch yu ti 1 v tr.
B mt khn phi phng, lc cng m bo.
Tc chy vi phi m bo Plasma phng ra x l tt b mt dit khun
Nng sut x l t 0.4 m/pht, cc b mt trc t bng tt khng try

st mng khn.
M hnh m bo chy lin tc, khng c dng khi ang x l vi

-
Thao tc d dng,vn hnh n gin;
An ton khi s dng: khng xy ra hin tng phng in.
Thng s thit k ca h thng:

+ Tc x l l 0.4 m/pht.
+ Hot ng 8/24.
+ in p u vo: 220V
+ in p u ra: 0 10KV
+ Tn s: 10 45 KHz
+ Cng dng in: 0 2A
2. Phng n v gii php thc hin

Chn phng n thit k l phn rt quan trng trong qu trnh thit k.
Chn phng n thit k l qu trnh tm hiu, tnh ton kinh t, phn tch cc
phng n tm ra phng n ti u nht, tha mn cc yu cu kinh t, k thut v c
hiu qu cao nht.
Khi tin hnh thc hin th phi ch ti cc vn sau:
+ Cc cht kh xc tc ( N2, H2.)
+ Mi trng lm vic (p sut, nhit kh quyn)
24
Plasma mun xy ra cng cn phi c iu kin c th ca n (in p, tn s,

khong cch gia 2 in cc) trong qu trnh thit k th phi tnh n s phng in ca
cc in cc khng xy ra s c khi vn hnh lu ngy.
Tin hnh chn ng knh lm vic ca ng thch anh ri t xc nh ra phng
n nng, gi ng hp l, khng cho cc tc ng bn ngoi nh hng n ng thch anh
(d v).
2.1 Phng n chn m hnh
Phng n 1
Hnh 10: M hnh dng ng

Nguyn l hot ng:
B mt vi cn x l i qua gia 2 in cc v ln trn ng in cc m, khi
gia 2 in cc s phng ra cc ht mang in tch di tn s cao v in p ln
sau s bn pha trn b mt phi vi.
u im:
+ in cc phng ra u
+ Tit kim nng lng khi x l
+ Gi thnh r
+ D lp t v sa cha
Nhc im:
+ Din tch x l nh, nn x l lu
Phng n 2
25
Hnh 11: M hnh dng tm

Nguyn l hot ng:
B mt vi cn x l c t gia 2 tm in cc c din tch ln v tm cch in.
Khi c cung cp nng lng t ngun pht, gia hai tm in cc ny s to ra
Plasma.Cc cht oxy ha bt cao, cc ht in tch mang ng nng ln bn ph ln lp b
mt phi vi.
u im:
+ X l c b mt rng;
+ Tit kim thi gian x l;
Nhc im:
+ Cn cng sut ngun pht ra ln;
+ Kh ch to, gi thnh cao.
+ Bin lun chn phng n
T hai phng n trn vi b mt x l m hnh ny l vi, khi vi chy qua m
hnh x l phng n th nht th s tit kim nng lng v b mt vi s b try xc do
va p ln b mt in cc, cn phng n th hai khi vi chy qua b phn x l th s t
ln con ln (in cc m), con ln ny va x l b mt, va ln to phng lm cho b
mt vi khng b try xc, vi nhng c im trn th ta nn chn m hnh thit b theo
phng n th hai l hp l nht.
26
2.2 Phng n thc hin thit b m hnh

Phng n 1 (S dng in cc dng ngn hn cc m)
Hnh 12: Bung plasma phng n 1

Nguyn l hot ng
Ngun pht plasma ly in t dng xoay chiu, bin i v cung cp nng lng
n 2 in cc, nh nng lng cao s ion ha cc phn t kh trong vng xy ra plasma v
to ra plasma x l b mt mng vi chy qua.
Nhn xt:
+ u im: in cc dng ngn khng xy ra hin tng r r in nn khng cn
phi s dng thm vt liu cch in.
+ Nhc im: Nng lng tiu hao nhiu (do phng in d 2 u)
Phng n 2 (s dng in cc dng di hn cc m)
Hnh 13: M hnh phng n 2

Nguyn l hot ng
Ngun pht plasma ly in t dng xoay chiu, bin i v cung cp nng lng
n 2 in cc, nh nng lng cao s ion ha cc phn t kh trong vng xy ra plasma v
to ra plasma x l b mt vi chy qua.
Nhn xt:
27
u im:
Nng lng cung cp x l trn b mt;

Khng xy ra hin tng phng in 2 u.
+
Nhc im:
Thit k thm 1 vt liu cch in ngn cch gia cc dng v kt cu m hnh.

3. Phng n s dng vt liu in cc trong:
Vt liu lm in cc dng y ta chn gia 2 loi l ng (Cu) v thp khng
r (SUS 304).
Phng n 1: in cc l mt thanh ng di 8
Hnh 14: Thanh in cc ng 8 di 530mm

+ u im:
Dn in cao, chu nhit tt;
ng mm nn gia cng d dng.
+ Nhc im:
Do ng mm nn thng khng cao, xy ra hin tng phng in khng u.
Phng n 2: in cc l mt thanh inox di 8
Hnh 15: Thanh in cc inox 8 di 530mm
+ u im:
Chu nhit tt;
28
cng inox cao nn thanh inox lun t thng tt.

+
Nhc im:
Dn in khng tt bng cc kim loi khc;

Gia cng cn phi c dng c tt.
Phng n 3: in cc l mt thanh vnfram.
Hnh 16: Thanh in cc vnfram

+ u im: cng v chu nhit cao;
Phng in tt
+ Nhc im: Kch c chiu di thanh ngn;
c cu ny th kh ni vi dng in.
Phng n 4: in cc l mt thanh nhm
Hnh 17: Thanh in cc nhm

+ u im:
R tin, d gia cng;
Phng in tng i tt.
+ Nhc im:
Nhm mm nn thng thp;
D b oxi ha.
29
4. Phng n nh v thanh in cc:

Phng n 1: nh v in cc trong ng thch anh
Hnh 18: nh v in cc bn trong ng

+ u im
S dng c cu nh v trong ng n gin;
Chi ph cho c cu nh v thp;
Trnh c hin tng r r in ln kt cu my.
+ Nhc im
Kh m bo song song gia 2 in cc (ph thuc vo tay ngi iu chnh);
Dng in ngun khi a vo cc dng phc tp hn.
Phng n 2: nh v in cc v ng thch anh theo ming nha c gia
cng.
Hnh 19: nh v in cc bn ngoi

+ u im : m bo song song gia 2 in cc;
Dng in ngun khi a vo cc dng gin.
+ Nhc im: Xy ra hin tng r r in; yu cu gia cng c cu nh v
chnh xc.
30
5. La chn phng n
-
Da vo nhng iu kin lm vic, v kinh t, nhng u khuyt im trong

qu trnh lm vic, ta chn phng n 2 l s dng thanh in cc dng di
hn in cc m.
La chn loi vt liu: T 2 loi vt liu trn u c u v khuyt im,

nhng yu cu trong m hnh x l nha l 2 tia in cc phi phng in
u, thng gia 2 in cc cao nn ta chn phng n 2 l s dng vt liu
lm in cc dng l thanh inox 8 di 530mm.
La chn c cu nh v cho in cc dng: T 2 c cu nh v trn u c

kh phng in u ln b mt mng nha. Nhng vi s la chn u tin
ca khch hng v chnh xc n gin nht th ta nn chn phng n nh
v th 2.
6. H thng kt cu m hnh
6.1 M hnh thc nghim
Hnh 20: S m hnh

6.2 Thuyt minh m hnh thc nghim
-
Phi vi sau khi i t cun vi, s i qua Rulo (in cc m), lc thanh
inox (in cc dng) s bn cc tia plasma ln b mt phi vi, vi khun s
b ph hy hoc b c ch khng hot ng c.
31
CHNG 4: THIT K V TNH TON H THNG SN

XUT KHN LNH DIT KHUN BNG CNG NGH
PLASMA
1. Thit k h thng sn xut khn lnh dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma
1.1 Bung dit khun b mt phi vi bng Plasma
Hnh 21: Bung x l plasma

1.1.1 Yu cu k thut
-
m bo song song gia hai in cc
Ngn s phng in gia hai u in cc
Hn ch kh ozon thot ra ngoi
B mt trc rulo gia cng cp chnh xc IT7
1.1.2 Chn vt liu

-
Nhm: ng rulo
Thch anh: ng mang in cc dng
Inox: Trc mang in cc dng
Thp CT3: Cc thanh ch L

32
Mica: Bung Plasma
1.1.3 Nguyn l hot ng

-
Dng in 220v qua cc gim p 15v i vo mch Plasma, sau dng in

i qua cc tng p, lc ny dng in i vo 2 in cc c in p v tn s
cao sinh ra tia Plasma.
Vi i t cun vi c ko qua bung x l Plasma. Ti y phi vi s i

qua 2 in cc, in cc dng l trc inox, in cc m l trc rulo, tia
Plasma c phng tri u t in cc dng ln in cc m, lc sinh
ra ozon, tia UV, nhm OH s dit khun hoc c ch vi khun.
1.1.4
Phng n gia cng
Thanh ch L: Hn 2 ming thp, khoan 2 l chnh v 2 l ph bt bulong
ng rulo: Gia cng p lc tm nhm thnh ng nhm, tin tinh b mt tr v

2 mt u, khot l cha ln
Bung Plasma: Ct cc tm mica v dn vi nhau bng silicon
1.1.5
Bo tr bo dng
Tra du nht vo ln nh k
Lau sch b mt trc rulo sau khi sn xut
1.2 C cu xp khn
33
Hnh 22: C cu xp khn

1.2.1 Yu cu k thut
-
bng ca cc thanh nh hnh vi phi t yu cu, gia cng cp chnh

xc IT7, hn ch ma st gia vi v cc thanh
khng song song gia 2 l trn c 2 thanh trt
C kh nng iu chnh khong cch gia 2 thanh trt
1.2.2 Chn vt liu

-
Cc thanh nh hnh vi: Thp tm CT3
Thanh trt, Trc trt: Thp C45

-
Vi sau khi c x l dit khun Plasma s c cc rulo dn hng ko ra

lm cng vi sau c a vo c cu xp vi
C cu xp vi gm 2 thanh trt di trt trn trc trt gn vi thn my,

mi thanh trt ln lt mang 2, 3 thanh nh hnh vi. Vi trc khi c
Rulo pha trn cao ko ln s i qua cc khe rnh c hnh ch M do cc
thanh nh hnh vi xen nhau to thnh, ng thi s lm vi c xp lm 4
phn.
1.2.4 Phng n gia cng

-
Thanh trt: Hn, Phay mt u, Khot doa 2 l trt
Trc trt: Tin mt u, tin tr, khoan l taro ren
Cc thanh nh hnh vi: Hn Oxy-acetilen
1.2.5 Bo tr bo dng
-
Tra du nht vo phn chi tit c trt

34
Lau sch bi bn sau khi sn xut
1.3 C cu thm nc v p nc
Hnh 23: C cu thm nc v p nc
1.3.1 Yu cu k thut
-
khng song song gia cc trc cha rulo
nhm b mt rulo
Trc khng b r khi lm vic
1.3.2 Chn vt liu

-
Bc trc, Trc mang rulo: Thp C45
Chu nc: Thp CT3
Rulo: Nha

35
Vi sau khi xp s c cp Rulo bn phi ko ln, y l cp rulo ch ng

c tc dng chnh ko vi t lc vi cn trong phi.
Vi nc x dung dch (nc, hng liu, cht bo qun) chy xung vi

lm t vi, lng nc d c chu hng li a xung thng khuy
to thnh mt chu trnh khp kn.
Lng nc ch cn lm m vi nn cp rulo bn tri s ko vi sang

bn tri ng thi p nc d ang cha trong vi.

-
Chu nc: Dp tm, Hn gi cc tm thp li vi nhau
Trc rulo v Rulo: Tin, ln nhm b mt rulo
Bc trc: Tin, Phay, Khoan khot doa
1.3.5 Bo tr bo dng
-
Tra du nht vo ln trong bc trc nh k
1.4 C cu ct vi
36
Hnh 24: C cu ct vi
1.4.1 Yu cu k thut
-
n hi ca 2 l xo phi bng nhau
khng song song gia 4 trc ni khung ct vi
h ca con trt v rnh trt
bng ca b mt trt
cng ca dao thp gi ct vi
khng song song ca 2 trc cha dao
1.4.2 Chn vt liu

-
Trc ni khung, trc cha dao, trc ni khung, tm trt: Thp C45
Dao ct: Thp gi
L xo: Thp l xo

-
Vi c a vo vng ct nh rulo pha trn ko vi t c cu p nc i

ra, phng chy vi t nm ngang chuyn sang thng ng.
37
Trc cha dao c truyn ng bi b truyn bnh rng n khp ngoi pha
sau my, 2 trc cha dao mang dao thp gi, mt trc mang dao ct, mt trc
mang dao tht, rng buc sao cho c sau 1 vng quay th 2 dao chm nhau
v ct t vi.
dao khng b mn va p khi ct, trc dao tht c gn trn tm thp c

nh nm pha bn phi khung ct vi, trc dao ct c gn trn tm thp di
trt nm pha bn tri c n hi nh l xo. Khi ct, 2 dao va p vo
nhau v trc dao ct s chuyn ng sang tri gip gim mn dao.
1.4.4 Phng n gia cng:

-
Khung ct vi: Phay mt u, phay mt bn, khoan l, taro ren
Trc ni khung: Tin mt u v mt trc, taro ren ngoi, khoan l, taro ren
Tm trt: Phay mt u, Khoan khot doa l cha ln, khoan l, taro ren
Trc cha dao: Tin mt u, tin tr ngoi, phay mt u, khoan, taro ren
1.4.5 Bo tr bo dng
-
Tra du nht vo rnh trt, bnh rng, ln nh k gim ma st
Thay dao khi dao b mn do va p khi ct vi
V sinh dao v rnh trt sch s trc v sau khi sn xut
1.5 C cu xp i vi
38
Hnh 25: C cu xp i
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4
Yu cu k thut
-
Tm y phi nm ngang m bo vung gc vi vi khi chun b xp
bng ca trc trt v l trt cao, gia cng cp chnh xc IT7
Bc trc v trc dn ng phi vung gc vi thnh my
khng song song gia 2 l trn thanh truyn
Chn vt liu
-
Tm y: Thp CT3
Trc trt, Con trt, Thanh truyn, Trc quay, Bc trc: Thp C45
Nguyn l hot ng
-
Vi sau khi b ct t c bng chuyn a xung chun b xp lm 2.
C cu xp i vi s bin chuyn ng quay thanh chuyn ng tnh tin

thng qua trc quay nh lch tm v thanh truyn, thanh truyn truyn ng
cho con trt trt trn trc trt lm cho tm y chuyn ng tnh tin kh
hi.
Tm y mi khi tnh tin ra xa ht hnh trnh s chm v trung im ming

vi lm ming vi gp i li
Phng n gia cng

-
Tm y: Dp tm
Con trt: Phay mt u, Khoan khot doa l trt
Trc trt: Tin tr
Thanh truyn: Phay mt u, Khoan khot doa 2 l chnh

39
1.5.5
Bc trc: Tin, Phay, Khoan khot doa l cha ln
Bo tr bo dng
-
Tra du nht vo trc trt, ln nh k
1.6 Bng chuyn
Hnh 26: Bng chuyn

1.6.1 Yu cu k thut
-
khng song song gia cc trc mang bnh ai
cng ca dy ai cao su
Trc khng b r khi lm vic
bng ca rnh mang ai trn bnh ai
1.6.2 Chn vt liu

-
Bnh ai: Nhm
Dy ai: Cao su
40
Bc trc, Trc bnh ai: Thp C45

-
B truyn ai c tc dng dn hng t sau khi ct n lc chun b a vo

c cu ng gi
Vi c cc ai cao su ca 2 b truyn ai p vo nhau v a i

-
Bc trc: Tin, Phay, Khoan khot doa l cha ln
Trc cha bnh ai: Tin
Bnh ai: Tin mt u, tin rnh, tin tr ngoi
1.6.5 Bo tr bo dng
-
Kim tra cng ca dy ai
1.7 B truyn xch
Hnh 27: B truyn xch

1.7.1 Yu cu k thut
-
2 a xch phi nm trn cng 1 mt phng

41
khng song song gia 2 trc a xch
S dng xch ng con ln
bng ca cc thanh trn mng trt
1.7.2 Chn vt liu

-
Mng trt: Thp CT3
Cc b phn xch, a xch l chi tit tiu chun
Trc cha a xch: Thp C45
Bc trc: Thp C45

-
B truyn xch c tc dng truyn ti vi v xc nh khong cch gia cc

ming vi chun b ng gi.
Xch mang cc ngnh c b tr cch u nhau, khi quay cc ngnh s y

vi trt trn mng trt a vo c cu ng gi.

-
Mng trt: Hn gi
Bc trc: Phay mt u, Tin tr, Khoan khot doa
Trc mang a xch: Tin tr ngoi, tin mt u
1.7.5 Bo tr bo dng
-
Kim tra cng xch
Tra nht vo xch nh k
1.8 C cu ng gi
42
Hnh 28: C cu ng gi
1.8.1 Yu cu k thut
-
bng ca cc thanh thp tip xc vi bao b
Khc phc c ting n do ma st gia bao b v c cu ng gi
1.8.2 Chn vt liu

-
Thp tm CT3

-
Bao b c ko ln t phi bao b nm pha di i qua c cu ng gi, c

cu gip cho bao b c nh hnh sao cho bc ly ming vi ang t b
truyn xch chy vo.

-
Dp tm cc ming thp sau hn gi ghp chng li
1.8.5 Bo tr bo dng
-
V sinh c cu ng gi sch s trc v sau khi sn xut
1.9 B hn mp gia
43
Hnh 29: B hn mp gia
1.9.1 Yu cu k thut
-
Tinh chnh c nhit theo yu cu mong mun
khng song song gia cc trc mang a quay
nhm ca b mt xung quanh ca a quay, ch tip xc vi m bao b
Cc a xch nm trn mt mt phng
1.9.2 Chn vt liu

-
Khung: Thp C45
Bc trc: Thp C45
Trc: Thp C45
a: Nhm
44
Vng gia nhit: ng
Bnh rng: Chi tit tiu chun

-
Khn lnh sau khi ng gi th phi i qua c cu hn mp gia lm cho

mp gia dnh li vi nhau s dng nhit chuyn t nng lng in
B hn nhit mp gia gm c 3 thnh phn:

+ B phn truyn ng: Nm pha di, truyn ng bnh rng cn v
bnh rng n khp
+ B phn gia nhit: Nm gia, 2 trc trc cun dy ng truyn
in vo trc bng c cu chi gp, 2 trc sau khng gia nhit
+ B phn lm vic: Nm pha trn, 2 a sau khng gia nhit dng
gip 2 m bao b st li vi nhau, 2 a trc gia nhit dng hn 2 mp
dnh li vi nhau

-
Bc trc: Phay mt u, Tin tr, Khoan khot doa
Trc gia nhit: Tin tr ngoi, tin mt u
a gia nhit: Tin tr, tin mt u, phay rnh, Khoan khot
Khung: Hn gi
1.9.5 Bo tr bo dng:
-
Tra du nht vo b truyn bnh rng nh k
1.10 Khung my
1.10.1 Yu cu k thut
-
cng vng ca ton khung my, trng tm my thp
khng vung gc, khng song song ca cc thanh thp ng

45
1.10.2 Chn vt liu

-
Thp ng vung inox 201 kch thc 40x40

-
Ct t bng my ca
Hn in h quang tay
1.11 B gia nhit v ct t hai u
Hnh 30: B gia nhit v ct t hai u

1.11.1 Yu cu k thut
-
Tinh chnh c nhit theo yu cu
khng song song gia 2 trc mang dao
khng vung gc gia trc mang dao v thnh my
1.11.2 Chn vt liu

-
Khung: Thp C45
Trc mang dao: Thp C45

46
Tm : Thp C45

-
Khn lnh sau khi hn mp gia s c c cu bng chuyn chi qut p

dp thot ht kh tn ng.
Khn lnh c a vo hp ct t v hn nhit 2 u. Nguyn l ct t

khn lnh ging vi nguyn l ct vi nu. Nguyn l hn 2 u ging vi
nguyn l hn nhit mp gia
C 2 dao ct c b tr trn di, khi quay c 1 vng th dao s ct t

khn lnh ng thi vng gia nhit trn u dao cng s lm cho khn lnh
c hn 2 u.

-
Khung: Phay mt u, hn in h quang tay, Khoan khot l, taro ren
Trc cha dao: Tin mt u, tin tr ngoi, khoan, taro ren
Tm : Phay mt u, Khoan khot doa l
1.11.5 Bo tr bo dng
-
Tra du nht vo ln nh k.
2. Tnh ton h thng m hnh sn xut khn lnh dit khun bng cng ngh Plasma
cho ng c u tin
1
Sn lng t ra 120 ci/pht, vy 1s ct c 2 ci, 2
s ct c 1 ci
Chiu di ca 1 ci khn lnh l 20cm = 0,2m

V lv =
0,2
=0,4 ( m/s )
0,5
47
Ta c:
s
m/
F t ( N ) .V
Pc ( kW )=
Trong :
Ft
l lc vng (N)
l vn tc lm vic ( m/ s
Pc
l cng sut cn (kW)
tnh lc vng
Ft
ta s tnh bng phng php thc nghim dng cn treo
cm tay
S minh ha:
48
Hnh 31: Nguyn l o lc

Tin hnh o: Ta dng mc cn treo mc vo u ming vi, ko t t cho n khi cun
vi chuyn ng v gi vn tc ko khng i, sau nhn vo kim ng h c ch s trn
mt cn, l gi tr lc vng ta cn tm.
Kt qu o: Ft =0,4 ( kg )=4 (N)
4.0,4
3
Ta c: Pc = 1000 =1 ,6 . 10 (kW )
Ta c moment qun tnh
Mt
tnh theo cng thc hnh xuyn
1
2
2
M t= . m. (R 1 + R 2 )
2
49
Trong :
R1
l bn knh trc cha vi
R2
l bn knh cun vi
m l khi lng cun vi v trc cha vi
Vy moment qun tnh

10. ( 0,0862 +0,4 2)
M t=
=0,84( kg . m2 )
2
Ta
c:
m0=0
M tP c . R 2Pk . R 2=0
0 ,841 , 6 .103 . 0 , 4
0 , 2 ( kW )=P k
0,4
Ta c
P c >P k
Tra bng P1.3 Sch Tnh ton thit k h thng dn ng c kh Tp 1:

Ta chn ng c cng sut
0 , 25(kW ) , kiu ng c 4AA63A4Y3,
n c =1380( v ng/ ph t )
S vng quay lm vic: nlv =
60000. V lv
Z. p
Trong : Z l s rng ca bnh ch ng

p l bc xch
Ta chn
p=12 , 7(mm)
50
pht
vng/
60000.0,4
nlv =
=126
15.12,7
Hp gim tc gn theo ng c c h s gim tc l:

nlv 126 1
=
nc 1380 11
CHNG 5: CH TO V THC NGHIM

1. Vi khun T cu vng (Staphylococcus aureus)
51
Hnh 32: Vi khun t cu vng

1.1 Gii thiu v vi khun T cu vng (Staphylococcus aureus)
-
Staphylococcus aureus hay T cu vng l mt loi t cu khun gram dng

k kh ty nghi v l nguyn nhn thng thng nht gy ra nhim khun
trong cc loi t cu.
T cu vng l loi vi khun gy nhiu bnh nht v c kh nng khng li

nhiu loi khng sinh. S gy bnh ca t cu rt a dng, trong cn quan
tm n mt s bnh m t cu gy ra hay gp trong ma h.
52
Hnh 33: Vi khun t cu vng
1.2 Tc hi gy ra ca vi khun T cu vng (Staphylococcus aureus)

-
Bnh nhim khun da v nim mc do t cu l mt bnh thng xy ra vo

ma nng nng, nht l cc bnh mn nht, chc u, l lot da.
Bnh da c khi to nn cc p-xe to bng ht ng, qu to, u
ngn tay nm ngay di da gy au n, st, sng n sung huyt lm c
mt vng da. Vi tr s sinh v tr nh, nu b nhim t cu c th gy nn
vim da s sinh hoc hi chng bong da tr nh.
Bnh c th hin l ngay sau khi c st v da l xut hin hin
tng bong lp biu b, ng thi hnh thnh bng nc trn mt din tch
da kh rng. Vim da cng c th to thnh cc p-xe nh nh u inh
ghim vng da u do vim tc cc chn lng v tuyn m hi, tuyn b.
Nhiu trng hp vim to thnh nht (p-xe) da u b v ra do nhiu
nguyn nhn khc nhau lm xut tit cc cht huyt tng km theo vi khun
t cu ly lan sang vng da khc v gy bnh, c bit l vng da c nhiu
53
lng nh u (tr em v ngi trng thnh), nch. T cu cng gy nn

mn u inh (inh ru) l mt bnh nhim khun cp tnh c th nguy him
n tnh mng ngi bnh v c nguy c cao gy nhim khun huyt.
-
T cu gy bnh cc c quan su trong c th nh p-xe c honh, p-xe

cc c i, bp chn, p-xe phi. Nhng bnh do t cu gy nn da v
nim mc c th l ngoi sinh (mi trng bn ngoi xm nhp vo c th v
gy bnh) nhng cng c th l do ni sinh (vi khun t cu c ngay trn c
th, khi gp iu kin thun li th chng tr nn gy bnh, bi v c ti 20 30% ngi lnh mang vi khun ny da v nim mc ng h hp trn).
Ma h nng nng, nu thiu nc sinh hot km theo v sinh c nhn khng

tt th bnh do t cu cng d pht trin v c khi gy thnh dch mang tnh
cht gia nh. Trong bnh vin, vi khun t cu cng c th gy nn cc bnh
nhim khun (nhim khun bnh vin) nh nhim khun vt m, nhim
khun bng, nhim khun ng h hp (vim hng, vim phi), nhim
trng tit niu (nhim khun tit niu thng do t cu hoi sinh), nng nht
v nguy him nht l nhim khun huyt v sc nhim khun. T cu cng
c th gy nn cc bnh nng nh vim ty xng (gp trong trng
hp ng inh ni ty do gy xng), vim tnh mch xoang hang, vim
ni tm mc hoc gy vim mng no m.
Vo ma h, nu v sinh an ton thc phm khng tt th rt d ng c thc

phm, trong ng c do vi khun t cu l thng gp, bi v t cu vng
c ngoi c t rt mnh, thm vo , ngoi c t ca t cu vng khc vi
cc ngoi c t ca cc vi khun khc l khi nhit 100o C trong vng
15 pht cha b ph hy. Do vy, nu n phi thc phm c t cu vng hoc
c t ca chng th nguy c ng c thc phm rt c th xy ra. Ng c
thc phm do t cu vng rt d gy ra thnh dch.
S d vi khun t cu c kh nng gy nhiu bnh v d xy ra vo ma h l

do t cu c nhiu loi ni c t v c bit nht l vi khun t cu sn sinh
ra men khng li khng sinh penicillin.
chn on vi khun t cu, cn phi nui cy xc nh vi khun, c bit

lm khng sinh gip bc s iu tr chn khng sinh thch hp.
2. Th nghim v kh nng dit khun vi bng cng ngh Plasma lnh

2.1 Chun b th nghim
54
Mu vi tiu bn c ct ra t phi vi kch thc 5x5 cm c cy vi khun T

cu vng (Staphylococcus aureus) nui cy trong ng nghim cha dung dch mi
trng nui dng vi khun.
2.2 Dng c th nghim
My x l b mt vt liu bng cng ngh Plasma lnh;
n cn;
Thng (bo qun cc ng nghim cha vi khun);
Nhp gp;
Bnh xt cn st trng;
Hnh 34: Bn th nghim
Hnh 35: Thng bo qun
2.3. Trnh t th nghim

-
Khi ng my tnh, m chng trnh iu khin ng c servo
M my x l b mt ln cho phng plasma trong hp x l, kh O3 sinh ra gp phn

dit vi khun cn trong hp x l
eo bo h nh gang tay, khu trang chun b a tiu bn vi cha vi khun vo

x l
55
Cc tiu bn vi trong ng nghim c bo qun trong thng , dng nhp gp

ly ra, tri u tiu bn vi trn b mt tm thy tinh (ng thi l in cc). Lu
tiu bn vi c tri phng gip cho plasma c phng u trn ton b b mt vi
iu chnh cc thng s ca my x l khn lnh nh: in p, tc , cng

dng in
a tm thy tinh vo my, tin hnh bt my x l
Sau khi x l xong, ly tm thy tinh ra, a tiu bn vi vo trong ng nghim sau
cho ng nghim vo thng bo qun
Mi khi thao tc vi my x l b mt nh ng ca sau khi m hp x l kh O3

khng b thot ra ngoi
Bng thng s x l ca cc mu vi th nghim:
Tn
in p
mu
Cng
dng in
Tc
x l
S1
110V
1A
0,8 m/ph
S2
110V
1A
1 m/ph
S3
110V
1A
1,2 m/ph
S4
110V
1A
1,4 m/ph
S5
110V
1A
1,6 m/ph
S6
110V
1A
1,8 m/ph
S7
110V
1A
2 m/ph
S8
110V
1A
2,2 m/ph
S9
110V
1A
2,4 m/ph
S10
110V
0,5A
1 m/ph
S11
110V
1,2A
1 m/ph
S12
110V
1,5A
1 m/ph
56
2.4. Tin hnh th nghim
Hnh 34: Tin hnh th nghim
Hnh 35: My x l b mt ang lm vic
2.5. Kt qu th nghim
57
Hnh 36: Chng m
Chng m (khng
x l)
S1
Hnh 37: Chng dng
Chng m (X l
nh S1)
S2
Chng m (X l
nh S10)
S3
58
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
S11
S12
2.6. nh gi hiu sut kh trng ca Plasma lnh ln khn t ph khun
Th 4, ngy 14/01/2015 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25213
59
Chng dng
Chng m (khng
x l)
Chng m (x l
nh S1)
Chng m (x l
nh S10)
S
110V, 1A, 0.8m/ph
1
S
110V, 1A, 1m/ph
2
S
110V, 1A, 1.2 m/ph
3
S
110V, 1A, 1.4 m/ph
4
S
110V, 1A, 1.6 m/ph
5
S
110V, 1A, 1.8 m/ph
6
S
110V, 1A, 2 m/ph
7
S
110V, 1A, 2.2m/ph
8
S 110V, 1 A, 2.4
9
m/ph
S 110V, 0.5 A, 1
10
m/ph
S
110V, 1.2A, 1 m/ph
11
S
110V, 1.5 A, 1m/ph
12
Hi
u
101
sut
d
o
colonies
n
(%)
0
+
sut
(%)
CFU/ml
colonies
CFU/m
l
44
44103
95
>
95
>
90
>
90
>
90
>
85
>
85
>
85
>
80
>
80
>
85
>
thc t
102
>
90
Hiu
Dilution factor
1102
99.77
7102
98.41
14
14102
96.82
5102
98.86
32
32102
92.73
59
59102
86.59
8102
98.18
21
21102
95.23
9102
97.95
12
12102
97.27
8102
98.18
0102
100.00
Ch thch
Chng dng: mu c ph khun nhng khng c x l plasma
60
Chng m: mu khng c ph khun

(X) : khng th nghim
(-) : Khng c s pht trin ca khun
(+) : Khng th m c v qu nhiu
2.7. Kt lun
Kt qu ca S6 khng ng tin cy v sai st trong qu trnh lm c th lm mu

nhim vi khun bn ngoi, do lng khun ca mu S 6 nhiu hn ca nhng mu
cn li.
Kt qu ca S1 v S12 l chp nhn c v ng tin cy, ta chn cc thng s x l

nh sau: in p 110V, cng dng in 1A nu tc x l 0,8 m/ph hoc
cng dng in 1,5A nu tc x l 1 m/ph.
61
KT LUN V KIN NGH

Kt lun
Da trn nhng kt qu nghin cu trong n c mt s kt lun nh sau:
-
Khi iu chnh cc thng s in p, cng dng, tc x l plasma c th

nng cao c hiu qu kh khun.
M hnh trn c th d dng thay i c cu x l cc loi vi c chiu di, b
rng khc nhau.
M hnh thit b s dng ngun in p 220V v cng dng in 1,75A.
M hnh hot ng vi nng sut va phi, gim gy ra ting n v khng gy
nhim mi trng, sn phm khng c hi cho sc khe ngi tiu dng
Kin ngh
Vi nhng kho st thc hin trong trong lun vn vic nghin cu v cng
ngh plasma lnh trong x l nc thi c pht trin c mt s xut sau:
M hnh hin ang nghin cu
-
Pht trin v hon thin ti ng dng, phc v cho cc c s sn xut khn lnh
ngoi thc t;
My sau khi ch to c lp t ph hp trn cc dy chuyn ngoi th trng
M rng m hnh a vo tit trng b mt trong thc phm.
Nghin cu m hnh plasma mi:

-
Nghin cu ch to m hnh plasma mi gim khng gian, khi lng ca my vi

vt liu ph bin, gi thnh thp
62
Nghin cu vi m hnh mi tng cao hiu sut dit khun vi mc nng lng thp
hn
Tng cng sut b ngun ln hng kW gim kch thc bung plasma.
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn Trng Hip.Thit k chi tit my.Nh xut bn gio dc.
[2] Ninh c Tn. S tay dung sai lp ghp. Nh xut bn gio dc.
[3] Nguyn Thanh Nam. Gio trnh Phng php thit k k thut. NXB i hc Quc
gia Tp HCM
[4] Nguyn c Lc. S tay cng ngh Ch to my tp 1;2 NXB KHKT, H Ni 2007.
[5] Trn Hu Qu. V k thut c kh tp mt. NXB Gio dc. 2006
[6] Nghim Hng. Kim loi hc v nhit luyn.Trng i hc S phm K thut thnh
ph HCM.
[7] PGS.TS Hong Trng B.Vt liu phi kim loi. Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut.
2007
[8] Trnh Cht-L Vn Uyn. Tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh T1. Nh xut bn gio
dc Vit Nam.
[9] Nguyn Hng Qun-Nguyn Danh Sn. K thut nng chuyn- My vn chuyn T2.
Nh xut bn H Quc Gia HCM.
Ngun khc
[10] Khi nim v Plasma, link http: //vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma
[11] Ngun: https://www.facebook.com/winatoanphat
63

KHOA C KH CH TO MY
c lp - T do Hnh phc
B MN CNG NGH CH TO MY
NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

H v tn sinh vin: INH HONG TN
MSSV: 10103131
HUNH PH NGUYN MSSV: 10903005

NO TH HONG
MSSV: 10903025
Tn ti: Nghin cu, thit k v tnh ton m hnh sn xut khn lnh,dit khun bng
cng ngh Plasma lnh
Ngnh o to: C KH CH TO MY
Ngi nhn xt: Th.S THI VN PHC
C quan cng tc:
KIN NHN XT
1) Kt cu, cch thc trnh by ATN:
2) Ni dung n:
3) Kt qu t c: .
4) Hn ch:
5) Cu hi:
..
.
6) nh gi:
c php bo v im: .
GING VIN HNG DN

64
Khng c php BV
(K, ghi r h tn)
65

KHOA C KH CH TO MY
c lp - T do Hnh phc
B MN CNG NGHCH TO MY
NHN XT CA GING VIN PHN BIN

H v tn sinh vin: INH HONG TN
MSSV: 10103131
HUNH PH NGUYN MSSV: 1090305

NO TH HONG
MSSV: 10903025
Tn ti: Nghin cu, thit k v tnh ton m hnh sn xut khn lnh,dit khun bng
cng ngh Plasma lnh
Ngnh o to: C KH CH TO MY
Ngi nhn xt: TS. PHM HUY TUN
C quan cng tc:
KIN NHN XT
1) Kt cu, cch thc trnh by ATN:
2) Ni dung n:
3) Kt qu t c: .
4) Hn ch:
5) Cu hi:
..
.
6) nh gi:
c php bo v im: .
Khng c php BV
GING VIN PHN BIN

(K, ghi r h tn)
66

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CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP. HCM

Hunh Ph Nguyn MSSV: 10903005

Lp: 101031C - 109030A - 109030C

Cc s liu, ti liu ban u:

GING VIN HNG DN

c php bo v .(GVHD k, ghi r h tn)

a ch sinh vin: B Ra Vng Tu

Tp. H Ch Minh, Ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2015

a ch sinh vin: Daklak

Tp. H Ch Minh, Ngy 16 Thng 01 Nm 2015

a ch sinh vin: Ninh Thun.

Tp. H Ch Minh, Ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2015

n tt nghip i vi sinh vin nm cui l rt quan trng, nhm tng hp li

Tnh cp thit ca ti................................................................................12

Mc tiu nghin cu.....................................................................................14

i tng nghin cu v phm vi nghin cu..............................................14

Phng php nghin cu...............................................................................14

CHNG 2: TNG QUAN NGHIN CU TI.............................................16

Tng quan v quy trnh, my mc sn xut khn lnh hin nay....................16

3. Gii thiu s lc v Plasma v nguyn l dit khun bng cng ngh

Cc nghin cu lin quan n ti..............................................................21

CHNG 3: PHNG HNG V GII PHP CNG NGH.........................24

Phng n v gii php thc hin.................................................................24

Phng n s dng vt liu in cc trong:..................................................28

Phng n nh v thanh in cc:................................................................30

La chn phng n.....................................................................................31

CHNG 4: THIT K V TNH TON H THNG SN XUT KHN LNH

Vi khun T cu vng (Staphylococcus aureus)............................................47

2. Th nghim v kh nng dit khun vi bng cng ngh Plasma lnh...............49

2.1 Chun b th nghim....................................................................................49

Bng thng s x l ca cc mu vi th nghim:.....................................50

2.4. Tin hnh th nghim..................................................................................51

Hnh 2: Phi bao b...........................................................................................13

Hnh 32: Vi khun t cu vng...........................................................................47

CHNG 1: GII THIU

V kch thc nh gn, d dng vn chuyn, bo qun, gi thnh r (450/ci)

Hnh 1: Quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay

Vi khn lnh cha qua dit khun nn vn cn cha cc vi khun, nm mc

Hnh 2: Phi bao b

bo qun trong thi gian lu di, vi s c a vo dung dch (cc loi

Trc nhng vn nh trn, vic nghin cu v thit k m hnh x l khn

3. i tng nghin cu v phm vi nghin cu

ti s nghin cu, thit k v tnh ton mt m hnh sn xut khn lnh.

Phng php nghin cu

C s phng php lun

Cc phng php nghin cu c th

Phng php tng hp t cc ngun thng tin, tin hnh x l, xut

Kt cu ca n tt nghip bao gm 6 chng:

Chng 3: Phng hng v cc gii php

CHNG 2: TNG QUAN NGHIN CU TI

Hnh 4: Quy trnh sn xut khn lnh hin nay

Tip theo, bn thnh phm c a vo c cu gia nhit hn mp gia, c cu gia

Vi sau khi xp i v chun

Dng ha cht bo qun v hng liu.

Nng sut thp.

ti ca nhm s khc phc c cc nhc im: Gim ting n sinh ra t

Hnh 5: Tia Plasma (a - Plasma t nhin; b - Plasma nhn to)