Course : Matematika Ekonomi (1507ME06)

online.uwin.ac.id
Bachelor in Economics (S.E): Manajemen

UWIN eLearning Program

Session Topic : Aplikasi Fungsi

Kuadrat (1)
Course: Matematika Ekonomi
By Handri Santoso, Ph.D

Content

Part 1 Quadratics & Economics

Part 2 How to Maximize Profit
Part 3 Penerapan Fungsi Kuadrat

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Hal 3

Part1: Quadratics & Economics

Quadratics & Economics: Key Concepts

Were producing units of some good & will sell them

all at the same price.
Key concepts:
Cost: how much it costs you to produce x units.
Revenue: total amount of money brought in.
Demand: relationship between price & number
of units sold.
Profit: whats left over after paying costs.

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Hal 5

Quadratics & Economics: Algebra

Now some algebra

x : number of units sold
p : price
a. Cost: some fixed overhead plus some amount per
unit produced
C (x ) = c + bx
b. Revenue: number of units sold times price R(x ) =
xp
c. Demand:
. Common sense: to sell more, lower the price & if
you raise the price, youll sell less.
. A simple model of demand p = mx + b where m
is negative.
d. Profit: revenue minus costs: profit = R(x ) C (x )
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Hal 6

Quadratics & Economics: Lawnmowers Groupwork

Youre

making & selling riding lawnmowers.

Youve learned that the demand function is p = x +
1880 &
your cost to produce x mowers is
C(x) = 80x +
8000.
1. Whats the domain of the demand function?
2. Express revenue as a function of x.
3. Express the profit P as a function of x.

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Hal 7

Quadratics & Economics: Lawnmowers Groupwork (Cont.)

Youre making & selling riding lawnmowers.

Youve learned that the demand function is

p = x + 1880 &
your cost to produce x mowers is
C(x) = 80x + 8000.

1. Whats the domain of the demand function?

Domain for x is [0, 18800]
2. Express revenue as a function of x.
R(x ) = x + 1880x
3. Express the profit P as a function of x.
P(x ) = x + 1880x - 8000

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Demand
dikali dgn
unit terjual
Revenue
dikurangi
dgn cost
(biaya
produksi)

Hal 8

Part2: How to Maximize Profit

Profit: Parabolas Group

Let f(x) = 4x2 + 24x + 29

1. Does the graph of f open up or open down?
2. Rewrite f(x) in standard form.
What
3. are the coordinates of the vertex?
4. is the axis of symmetry?
5. is the domain and range of f ?
Find
6. any x-intercepts.
7. the y-intercept.
8. Sketch the graph of f.
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Hal 10

Profit: Parabolas Group (Cont.)

Let f(x) = 4x2 + 24x + 29

1. Does the graph of f open up or open down?
up
2. Rewrite f(x) in standard form.
f(x) = 4(x + 3)2
7
3. What are the coordinates of the vertex? (-3, -7)
4. What is the axis of symmetry?
x = -3
5. Whats the domain and range of f ? (-, ) & [7,
]
6. Find any x-intercepts.
X = -3 7/2
7. Find the y-intercept.
Y = 29
8. Sketch the graph of f .

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Hal 11

Profit: Graph of f(x) = 4(x + 3)2 7

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Hal 12

Profit: How to Maximize Profit

For

1.
2.
3.
4.

the lawnmowers:

Demand: p
Cost: C(x)
Revenue:
Profit: P(x)

= 10x + 1880
= 80x + 8000
R(x) = x + 1880x
= x + 1880x 8000

. What number of lawnmowers sold will maximize

profit?
. What price should they be sold at?
. How much profit will you make?

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Hal 13

Profit: How to Maximize Profit (Cont.)

-5

(in 00,000s)

25
20
15
10

Cost
revenue
Profit

5
0

-5

10

15

(in 000s)

-10
-15

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Hal 14

Fungsi Kuadrat: Latihan

Selesaikan persamaan kuadrat utk mencari akarakarnya

1. Jika fungsi permintaan P = 1000 Q, tentukan
a. Fungsi pendapatan, TR (Total Revenue)
b. Banyak barang yg diproduksi agar pendapatan
maksimum
c. Pendapatan maksimum yg dapat diperoleh

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Hal 15

Fungsi Kuadrat: Solusi

Y=1000x-x2

30

(in 0000s)

25
20
15
10

Y=1000x-x2

Y=1 00
0 x -x 2

-200

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

-5
-10
-15
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Hal 16

Part3: Penerapan Fungsi Kuadrat

Fungsi Kuadrat: Penerapan & Contoh

Penerapan Fungsi Kuadrat dalam Ekonomi

1. Fungsi permintaan, penawaran & keseimbangan
pasar
2. Pengaruh pajak & subsidi terhadap keseimbangan
pasar
3. Fungsi biaya, penerimaan (untung, rugi & BEP)
Fungsi permintaan,penawaran & keseimbangan
pasar
Contoh:
1. Diketahui:
. Fungsi penawaran
P=20Q2 + 4Q &
. Fungsi permintaannya P=-2Q2+300
Tentukan keseimbangan pasarnya !
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Hal 18

Fungsi Kuadrat: Contoh

Jawab:
20Q2 + 4Q = -2Q2 + 300
20Q2 + 4Q + 2Q2 - 300= 0
22Q2 + 4Q 300 = 0
Q12 = - b b2- 4ac
2a
Q12 = - 4 26416
2.22
Q12 = - 4 162,259
44
Q1 = 158,529 =
3,603 44
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D = b2 - 4ac
D =16-4.22.-300
D = 16+26400 =
26.416

Q2 = -166,529 =
-3,785 44
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Hal 19

Fungsi Kuadrat: Contoh (Lanjut)

P=20Q2 +4Q
P=20(3,603)2 + 4(3,603)
P=259,632 + 14,412
P=274,044
Keseimbangan pasar terjadi saat
Q=3,603

P=274,044 &

2. Diketahui:
Fungsi penawaran
P=20Q2 + 4Q + 12 &
Fungsi permintaannya
P=-12Q2+300
Tentukan keseimbangan pasarnya !
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Hal 20

Fungsi Kuadrat: Contoh (Lanjut)

Jawab:
20Q2 + 4Q + 12= -12Q2 + 300
20Q2 + 4Q + + 12 + 2Q2 - 300= 0
32Q2 + 4 Q 288 = 0
Q12 = - b D
2a
Q12 = - 4 192
2.32

D = b2 - 4ac
D =16-4.32.-288
D = 16+36864 =
36880
D = 192

Q1 = 188 = 2,94
64
Q2 = -196 = -3,06
44
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Hal 21

Fungsi Kuadrat: Contoh (Lanjut)

P=20Q2 + 4Q + 12
P=20(2,94)2 + 4(2,94) + 12
P=196,632
Keseimbangan pasar terjadi pada tingkat harga
196,632 & kuantitasnya 2,94

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Hal 22

Fungsi Kuadrat: Biaya, Penerimaan & BEP

Fungsi Biaya, Penerimaan & BEP

TC= aQ2 + bQ + c
C = FC
VC =aQ2 +bQ, karena VC dipengaruhi oleh produksi
TR
=P.Q
TC= FC + VC
Contoh:
Diketahui:
Fungsi permintaan yg dihadapi oleh seorang
produsen ditunjukkan oleh persamaan P=30-1,5Q.
Tentukan persamaan TRnya ?
TR = (30-1,5Q)Q
TR = 30Q-1,5Q2
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Hal 23

Fungsi Kuadrat: Contoh

1. Data yg berhasil dikumpulkan utk memperkirakan

keuntungan maximum dari suatu perusahaan adalah:
Fungsi permintaan P=16.000-Q
Biaya produksi biaya tetap Rp. 40juta &
Biaya variabel Rp. 100,-/unit.
Ditanya:
a. Berapa keuntungan maximum & terjadi pada tingkat
berapa unit?
b. Apakah penerimaan maximum sama dgn keuntungan
maximum?

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Hal 24

Fungsi Kuadrat: Contoh (Lanjut)

TR= PQ
TR =(16.000 Q) x Q
TR
= 16.000Q Q2
TR max = -16.000/2(-1) = 8.000
TC
TC

= FC +VC
= 40.000.000 + 100Q

= TR-TC
= (16.000Q-Q2)
(40.000.000+100Q)
= 15.900Q-Q2-40.000.000
Q max = -b/2a
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7.950

Hal 25

Fungsi Kuadrat: Latihan

1. Harga suatu produk ditunjukkan oleh

Fungsi permintaan
P=2.000-0,5Q
Biaya produksi dipisah menjadi FC sebesar Rp. 1juta
&
Biaya variabel per-unit VC=2+0,04Q
Ditanya:
a. Berapa keuntungan maximum & terjadi pada tingkat
produksi berapa?
b. Apakah penerimaan pada unit keuntungan maximum
sama dgn penerimaan pada unit penjualan
maximum?
c. Berapa BEPnya?

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Hal 26

Fungsi Kuadrat: Latihan

2. Berdasarkan hasil survey dari suatu perusahaan

diperoleh data:
Fungsi penerimaan (TR) = 520Q-2Q2
Fungsi biaya (TC) = 0,5Q2+20Q+3.500
Tentukanlah:
a. Keuntungan maksimum pada saat Q?
b. Penerimaan maksimum pada saat Q?
c. BEP pada saat Q?

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Hal 27

Reference

1. Wisc. Quadratics and Economics. Web:

math.wisc.edu.

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Hal 28

Course : Matematika Ekonomi (1507ME06)

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