Professional Documents
Culture Documents
911103biofloc (Thai)
911103biofloc (Thai)
911103biofloc (Thai)
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
Title:
The formation and
development of biofloc in
fertilized ponds at
different salinities
T kha:
biofloc, mn, ao bn
phn, t l C:N, thnh
phn sinh ha
Keywords:
Biofloc, salinity, fertilized
pond, C:N ratio,
proximate composition
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the suitable salinity for the development and formation
of biofloc in fertilized ponds. The experiment was conducted at four different salinities
(35, 60, 80 and 100 ppt) with 3 replicates per treatment and lasted for 21 days.
Earthen ponds with area of 150 m2, water column of 30 cm were fertilized with chicken
manure together tapioca to maintain the C:N ratio of 10. Results showed that the
environmental factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH) were suitable for the
formation and development of biofloc. The C:N ratio ranges from 5 to 9. The TOC
content at 35 ppt (20.21 to 50.5 mg/L) was less than at higher salinity (40 to 74.89
mg/L). The mean value of TSS and VSS were 20 to 670 mg/L and 7 to 126.6 mg/L,
respectively and there was no significant difference among the treatments at day 18
and 21 (p>0.05). Total bacteria counts reached highest number at day 15 (4.1 log
CFU/ml), the maximum volume of biofloc ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 ml and no significant
difference among treatments (p>0.05). Vibrio, Bacillus, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter
were found in all salinities, in which Bacillus presented with highest proportion. The
ratio of un-known bacteria at salinity 60 ppt were very high (63-100%). At high
salinity (80-100 ppt), floc size was smaller (32.5 - 61.5 m wide; 61.3 - 97.9 m long)
than at low salinity (52,3 - 71.0 m wide; 76.7 - 105.3 m long). Proximate
compositions analysis showed the low proportions of protein (8.5 to 17.4%) and lipid
(0.65 to 1.08%), whereas ash content was very high (67.1 to 86.4%).
TM TT
Nghin cu ny nhm xc nh mn thch hp cho s pht trin v hnh thnh
biofloc trong ao bn phn. Th nghim gm 4 nghim thc mn (35, 60, 80 v 100
ppt) v c lp li 3 ln, thi gian th nghim l 21 ngy. Ao th nghim c din tch
150 m2 vi mc nc 30 cm v s dng phn g + bt khoai m duy tr t l C:N
10. Kt qu th nghim cho thy cc ch tiu mi trng (nhit , oxy ha tan, pH)
nm trong khong thch hp cho s hnh thnh v pht trin ca biofloc. T l C:N
dao ng t 5-9. Hm lng TOC thp nht 35 ppt (20,21-50,5 mg/L) v cc
mn cao t 40-74,89 mg/L. Hm lng TSS v VSS t 20-670 mg/L v 7-126,6 mg/L
v khng c s khc bit gia cc mn ngy 18 v 21 (P>0,05). Mt vi khun
tng t cao nht vo ngy 15 (4,1 log CFU/ml)), th tch biofloc cao nht l 0,4-0,5
ml v khng c s khc bit gia cc mn (P>0,05). C 4 nhm vi khun c pht
hin l Vibrio, Baccillus, Nitrosomonas v Nitrobacter, trong nhm Bacillus lun
chim t l cao tt c cc mn. T l vi khun cha nh danh mn 60 ppt
chim rt cao (63-100%). mn cao (80-100 ppt) kch thuc ht biofloc nh hn
(rng: 32,5-61,5 m v di: 61,3-97,9 m) so vi mn thp (rng: 52,3-71,0 m
v di: 76,7-105,3 m). Phn tch thnh phn dinh dng ca biofloc cho thy t l
ca protein (8,5-17,4%) v lipid (0,65-1,08%) u thp, trong khi , hm lng tro
rt cao (67,1-86,4%).
53
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
1 GII THIU
Biofloc (hay cn gi l bng cn sinh hc) l
hn hp gm nhiu loi vi sinh vt khc nhau gm
mnh vn hu c, ht keo, cation v cc t bo
cht, Trong nui trng thy sn, cng ngh
biofloc c th c ng dng nh mt phng
php qun l cht lng nc, da vo s pht
trin v kim sot vi khun d dng trong h
thng nui vi vic khng hoc t thay nc
(Avnimelech 2007; De Schryver et al., 2008). Khi
cng ng vi khun pht trin, biofloc c hnh
thnh (Jorand et al., 1995; Hagreaves, 2006;
Avnimelech, 2007; De Schryver et al., 2008), sau
biofloc c th c ng vt nui tiu th nh
l mt ngun thc n, to thnh mt qu trnh ti
s dng cht dinh dng trong h thng nui trng
thy sn. Cung cp t l C:N thch hp nhm thc
y s pht trin ca vi khun d dng bng cch
ng ha ammonia trc tip t mi trng nc
sn xut protein cho t bo (Avnimelech, 1999;
Crab et al., 2009). Trong iu kin t l C:N cao
(10-20), vi khun d dng l thnh phn ch yu
ca biofloc s ng vai tr trong x l nc v sn
xut thc n t nhin, gim chi ph thc n v x
l cht thi (Kent et al., 2011). Cng ngh BFT
tr thnh mt cng ngh rt c a chung trong
nui tm th chn trng. Cng ngh ny bc
u thnh cng Belize (Chamberlain et al.,
2001), Innxia (Taw, 2005), tm s c (Smith,
2008) v c r phi Israel (Avnimelech, 2007).
Nguyn liu
m
P
C
N
C:N
Bt khoai m
10,92 0,45
0,41 0,11
72,14 1,81
1,32 0,09
54,61 4,91
Phn g
23,72 2,04
4,25 2,27
14,83 2,06
1,88 0,57
8,23 2,05
2.3 Thu thp v phng php phn tch mu
Gi tr dinh dng, kch thc biofloc: thu vo
ngy
7, 14 v 21.
Nhit , pH, oxy ho tan o bng my mi
ngy vo lc 7:00 h v 14:00 h.
o kch thc ht biofloc: thu mu biofloc vo
chai nha 100 mL v c nh bng formol vi nng
Thu mu nc cc nghim thc tin hnh
t 2-4%, sau mu c o di knh hin vi
phn tch tng carbon, tng cht rn l lng v cht
c thc o.
rn l lng bay hi (phng php APPHA et al.,
1995): 1 ln/3 ngy, mu c thu vo lc 7 h
2.4 Phng php x l s liu
sng. Thu 5 im trong ao, sau trn u v ly
Php phn tch ANOVA - STATISTICA,
mi ch tiu mt mu. Mu nc c tr mt 4oC.
version 7.0 c s dng tm s sai bit c
ngha thng k gia cc nghim thc mc
Tng vi khun (trong mi trng nc), th
p<0,05. Chng trnh Excel c s dng tnh
tch biofloc: 1 ln/3 ngy
54
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
3 KT QU
Trong qu trnh th nghim cc yu t mi
trng nh nhit nc dao ng t 27,8oC n
30,7oC vo bui sng v 30,2-36,6 oC vo bui
chiu; pH trung bnh gia cc nghim thc dao
ng t 7,2-8,3. Hm lng oxy ha tan gia bui
55
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
35ppt
256,766,0a
60,00,0 a
55,07,1 b
59,521,9 a
100,028,3 a
56,84,6 a
162,53,5 a
80,028,3 a
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
60,91,3 b
22,53,5 ab
10,50,7 a
11,85,3 a
12,53,5 a
11,51,4 a
45,014,1 a
15,00,0 a
TSS
60ppt
157,510,6 a
20,05,7 a
30,00,0 a
75,50,7 a
370,070,7 b
365,035,4b
170,056,6 a
135,07,1 a
VSS
55,00,0 b
8,00,0 a
10,00,0 a
14,02,8 a
103,04,2 b
110,014,1 b
55,07,1 a
50,014,1 a
80ppt
98,530,5 a
207,538,9 ab
37,53,5 ab
68,011,3 a
137,538,9 a
205,07,1 a
170,042,4 a
145,021,2 a
100ppt
67238,3 b
321,97,6 b
47,53,5 ab
70,014,1 a
107,53,5 a
51,01,4 a
108,54,9 a
82,53,5 a
26,54,9 a
57,510,6 c
7,00,7 a
12,00,0 a
30,07,1 a
17,00,0 a
20,00,0 a
26,31,8 a
126,67,6 c
39,56,4 ab
12,53,5 a
22,53,5 a
27,53,5 a
14,50,7 a
47,510,6 a
22,53,5 a
Cc gi tr trong cng mt hng c k t (a, b, c) khc nhau biu th s khc bit c ngha p<0,05
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
12
15
18
21
35 ppt
Vibrio
Bacillus
Nitrosomonas
Nitrobacter
Khc
0
2.05
0.00
0.00
97.95
0
5.07
0.00
0.00
94.93
0
3.82
0.00
0.00
96.18
0
0.12
0.08
0.19
2.23
2.45
23.50
42.91
12.42
6.13
2.45
1.27
2.08
1.55
5.01
0.00
0.12
0.85
3.11
6.68
95.09
75.00
54.09
82.72
79.95
60 ppt
Vibrio
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.11
1.45
1.77
Bacillus
1.86
1.67
3.11
0.41
3.56
7.12
4.50
11.98
Nitrosomonas
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.24
1.66
1.61
1.13
1.57
Nitrobacter
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.57
1.45
1.77
Khc
98.14
98.33
96.89
98.35
94.55
90.58
91.47
82.91
80 ppt
Vibrio
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.72
1.43
Bacillus
6.00
4.92
1.31
1.21
2.67
3.19
1.99
15.36
Nitrosomonas
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.21
1.15
1.22
1.27
1.25
Nitrobacter
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.38
0.38
1.09
1.25
Khc
94.00
95.08
98.69
97.58
95.80
95.22
94.93
62.84
100 ppt
Vibrio
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bacillus
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.78
0.77
13.35
21.24
Nitrosomonas
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.30
1.28
2.36
1.86
Nitrobacter
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.39
2.36
1.86
Khc
100.00
100.00
100.00
99.69
97.84
97.56
81.94
75.05
Kt qu cng ch ra rng t l vi khun Vibrio
Theo , th tch ca biofloc cc NT 60, 80,
mn cao thp hn so vi mn thp, in
100 ppt xut hin ngay t u v c khuynh hng
hnh nh NT 100 ppt khng pht hin nhm
tng dn v t mc cao t ngy 9-15 sau gim
Vibrio. Ngoi ra, Bng 3 cng cho thy t l vi
dn v cui th nghim. Th tch biofloc ti a l
khun khc mn 60 ppt chim rt cao (630,4-0,5 ml/L v khng c khc bit ln gia cc
100%). y c th l cc dng vi khun a mn
NT (p>0,05).
(Halophilic bacteria) cha c nh danh trong
Kch thc ca biofloc cng c o thi gian
mu nghin cu.
th nghim v c trnh by Bng 4.
Th tch ca biofloc (bng cn sinh hc) ca th
nghim c trnh by Hnh 5.
57
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
0.60
35 ppt
60 ppt
aaa
0.40
b
0.30
0.20
0.00
100 ppt
0.50
0.10
80 ppt
a
a aa a
a
ab
a
a
ab
a a
a
a
a
ab
aa a
a
a aa
12
15
18
a a a
21
Ngy 7
Lipid
0,80 a
0,89 a
0,77 a
0,67 a
58
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
59
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
a)
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
2,6 m
b)
Hnh 6: Hnh dng v kch thc ca biofloc mn 100 ppt (a)) v 60 ppt (b)) ngy 21
n s pht trin ca vi khun d dng, tuy nhin
cc ti liu nghin cu c lin quan rt hn ch
c th so snh c th trong th nghim ny.
5 KT LUN V XUT
5.1 Kt Lun
T l C:N gim nhanh mn 35 v 60
ppt trong 3 ngy u, cc mn cao hn th t l
C:N n nh trong mc t 5-9; sau 2 tun t l C:N
gim khi mn tng ln.
Cc thng s nh gi cht lng biofloc
TSS, VSS, tng vi khun v th tch biofloc cho
thy: hm lng TSS v VSS tng dn theo thi
gian nui. Tng t, tng vi khun cng tng dn
v t cao nht vo ngy 15. Th tch biofloc gim
dn theo mn.
Vi khun vibrio chim t l rt thp v
mn cao (100 ppt) khng pht hin nhm vi
khun ny.
T l vi khun khc cha c nh danh
mn 60 ppt chim rt cao.
Kch thc ht biofloc cc mn 35 v
60 ppt ln hn mn 80 v 100 ppt.
Hm lng protein tng i thp (
mn cao hm lng protein thp hn). Trong khi
, hm lng tro li rt cao.
5.2 xut
Ko di thi gian th nghim v gia tng t
l C:N vi khun d dng pht trin tt hn.
C th ng dng cng ngh biofloc cho i
tng nui Artemia mn thch hp da vo
kch thc ht floc (80-100 ppt).
61
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63
Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th
Phn B: Nng nghip, Thy sn v Cng ngh Sinh hc: 30 (2014): 53-63