VICTORINO MAPA HIGH SCHOOL

Division of City Schools, Manila

Handout # ___

Definition of Terms:
Two sets that contain exactly the same number of elements are equivalent sets.
If we are given A = {1, 2, 3, 4,} and B = {m, a, t, h} we say that A is equivalent to B (A

B). Both sets

contain four elements, hence, they are equivalent.

Two sets that contain exactly the same elements are said to be equal sets.
If we are given A = {a, e, i, o, u} and B = {e, o, i, u, a}, then we say that A is equal to B (A = B). These two sets
contain exactly the same elements and, therefore, are equal.
The universal set, denoted by U, is the set that contains all the elements or objects involved in the problem under
consideration; "all other sets are subsets of the universal set.
Set A is a subset of set B, written as A

B, if and only if, every element in A is also an element in B.

Example: A = {2, 4, 5} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Each element of set A is an element of set B.

Set A is a proper subset of set B, written as A

B, if and only if every element in A is also in B, and there

exist at least one element in B that is not in A.

Example: A = {1, 2, 3} is a subset of B = {1, 2, 3}, but not a proper subset of {1, 2, 3}
A = {1, 2, 3} is a proper subset of B = {1, 2, 3, 4} because the element 4 is not in the first set.
A Venn diagram is a diagram representing mathematical or logical sets pictorially as circles or closed curves
within an enclosing rectangle (the universal set).

Illustrative Examples
Directions: State whether the sets are equal or equivalent.
1. K = {5, 6} and L = {6, 5}
2. M = {red, blue, green} and N = {green, blue, red}
3. O = {2, 4} and P = {3, 8}
4. {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} and {even counting numbers less than 12}
5. {days of the week} and {letters of the word HONESTY}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Class No. _____
Date: ______________
Name: ___________________________________________
Gr. & Sec.: _________
Directions: State whether each pair of sets has equal set or equivalent set.
_______________ 1. {3, 5, 7} and {5, 3, 7}
_______________ 2. {8, 6, 10, 12} and {3, 2, 4, 6}
_______________ 3. {7, 7, 1, 2, 2} and {1, 2, 7}
_______________ 4. {5, 5, 2, 4} and {5, 4, 2, 2}
_______________ 5. {month having 32 days} and {year having 360 days}
_______________ 6. {letters in the word MEMBER} and {letters in the word REMEMBER}
_______________ 7. {letters in the word PLANE} and {letters in the word PLAIN}
_______________ 8. {2, 3, 4} and {4, 3, 5}
_______________ 9. {4, 8, 12, 16} and {8, 12, 4, 16}
_______________ 10. { , , } and { , ,
}