diakoni miqael kvantaliani

aRapi-Zvel qristianul RvTismsaxurebasa

da qarTul tradiciebSi

`liturgika" anu liturgikuli RvTismetyveleba aris mecniereba,

romelic Seiswavlis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebas.
`liturgia" berZnuli sityvaa da saerTo saqmes niSnavs. saerTo saqmeSi,
rasakvirvelia, RvTismsaxureba igulisxmeba.
ieso qriste drosa da sivrceSi SemousazRvrelia. man Tavad Seqmna
dro da sivrce. ieso qriste maradiuli sicocxlis ZaliT aris maradiuli
mRvdeli - mudmivad pirveli mRvdeli, amitom, mRvdlobis valdebulebidan
gamomdinare, is mudmivad Seswiravs RmerTs msxverpls. magram rogori
msxverpli SeiZleba mas Seswiros? sisxliani, rogorc golgoTaze Seswira?
ara, is mxolod erTxel Seiwira da metjer mas im saxiT ar gaimeorebs.
amitom, amjerad dedamiwaze sxva saxe eqneba mis msxverpls, magram am
maradiul msxverplad mainc Tavis Tavs Seswiravs iseve, rogorc jvarze
Seswira.
ieso qriste Tavis samRvdelo msaxurebaSi warmodgenilia pirvel
mRvdlad ukunisamde wessa mas zeda melqisedekisa (ebr. 7.17). melqisedekma,
romelic simbolurad macxovars ganasaxierebs, misi winasaxea, puri da
Rvino miarTva abraams, rac winaswar gamoxatavs ieso qristes usisxlo
msxverpls nivTieri saxiT, anu axali aRTqmis usisxlo msxverplSewirvis
nivTieri saxe, puri da Rvino winaswar ganacxada melqidekma. magram puri
da Rvino saWiroa Seicvalos, gardaiqmnas ieso qristes xorcad da
sisxlad, iqces im erTarseba msxverplad, romelic macxovarma golgoTaze
miitana.
macxovarma Cvenma ieso qristem jvarcmis wina dRes _ did xuTSabaTs,
paseqis dResaswaulis aRsaniSnavad _ saidumlo serobaze usisxlo
msxverplSewirva swored puriTa da RviniT daawesa, romlebic akurTxa
Tavis RvTiur xorcad da sisxlad, Tanac daavala axali aRTqmis msaxurebs,
ase Seswiron msxverpli samyaros aRsasrulamde (maTe 28.20 da I korinT.
11.26).
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebis zogadi mniSvneloba
RvTismsaxurebaSi monawile yvela adamianis erT simbolur sxeulSi
gaerTianebaa, es aris Cveni deda-eklesiis simboluri sxeuli, romlis Tavi
ufali Cveni ieso qristea. RvTismsaxurebis procesSi Cven, mTeli mrevli,
jer verTiandebiT qristes eklesiis simbolur sxeulSi da Semdeg ki erTad
SevwiravT usisxlo msxverpls ufals da wminda ziarebis saidumloTi
vuerTdebiT mas, anu adamianis RmerTTan erToba, Tanaziareba miiRweva,
adamianis ganRmrToba xdeba.
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebis zogadi mniSvneloba
swored isaa, rom erTmaneTTan da RmerTTan erTobas mivaRwioT, riTac
simboluri jvari gamoisaxeba. jvari rom horizontalisa da vertikalis
gadakveTaa da Cvenc RvTismsaxurebis procesSi verTiandebiT eklesiis
simbolur sxeulSi da erTmaneTTan am erTobiT vqmniT horizontalur
erTobas da wminda ziarebiT verTiandebiT ufalTan, riTac vqmniT
vertikalur erTobas.
did xuTSabaTs saidumlo serobaze ufalma ieso qristem fexebi
dabana Tavis mowafeebs (ioane 13,4-12), rasac iqve TviTonve xsnis: `ukeTu me
dagbanen ferxni, ufalman da moZRvarman, da Tquenca Tana-gac urTierTas
dabanad ferxTa" (ioane 13,14). macxovari mobrZanda dedamiwaze ara raTa
imsaxuros sxvebi, aramed piriqiT, raTa Tavad emsaxuros sxvebs.
ratom daakavSira ufalma ferxTbanva _ ziarebis saidumlos
dawesebasTan? upirveles yovlisa, wminda ziarebis ufalTan SeerTebis win
Cven gansakuTrebuli sisufTave gvesaWiroeba: a) sxeulis fizikuri
sisufTave _ dabana, mowesrigeba garegnulad da b) sulieri Sinagani
sisufTave _ sulis ganwmeda sinanuliT aRsarebis Cabarebis Sedegad.
meorec, ziareba rom sacxovnebeli iyos da ara dasasjeli, amitom usisxlo
msxverplSewirva da ziareba mowiwebiT, TavmdablobiT, urTierTSendobiTa
da didi siyvaruliT unda Sesruldes.
RmerTma SeiZleba yvela msxverpli da locva ar Seiwiros, rogorc,
magaliTad, abelis msxverpli Seiwira, kaenis ki ara, mezveris locva
Seiwira, farisevlisa ara. amitom gvafrTxilebs wminda pavle mociquli,
rom moumzadebeli ziareba dasasjeli ar gaxdes CvenTvis: `amieriTgan,
romeli hsWamdes pursa amas da hsumides sasumelsa amas uflisasa
uRirsebiT uflisa, Tanamdebars igi xorcsa da sisxlsa uflisasa.
gamoRaicaden kacman Tavi Tvisi, da esreT purisa misgani hsWamen da
sasumelisa misgani hsun. xolo romeli ara Rirsad hsWamdes da hsumides,
dasasjelad Tavisa Tvisisa hsWams da hsuams, rameTu ara gamoikiTxna xorcni
uflisani. amisTvis mraval arian Tquen Soris uZlur da sneul, da wvaman
mravalni" (I korinT. 11,27-30).
ziarebisaTvis mzadeba aucileblad gulisxmobs moyvasis siyvaruls:
`romelsa ara uyuardes Zmai Tvisi, romeli ixila, RmerTi, romeli ara
uxilavs, viTar ZaluZs Seyvarebad" (I ioane 4,20) da `ukeTu Seswirvide
Sesawiravsa sakurTxevelsa zeda da mun mogexsenos Sen, viTarmed ZmaT Seni
gul-Zvir raime ars SenTvis, dauteve Sesawiravi igi sakurTxevelsa mas da
moved da daege pirvelad Zmasa Sensa da maSin moved da Sewire Sesawiravi
Seni" (maTe 5,23-24).
wminda saxarebaSi macxovari siyvarulisa da megobrobis Sesaxeb
brZanebs: `ufroisi amissa siyvaruli aravis aqus, raiTa suli Tvisi dadvas
megobarTa TvisTaTvis. Tqven megobarni Cemni xarT, ukeTu hyoT, romelsa
ese gamcneb Tquen. arRara getyvi Tquen monad, rameTu monaman ara icin,
rasa iqmn ufali misi. xolo Tquen garqu megobrad, rameTu yoveli,
raodeni mesma mamisa Cemisagan, gauwye Tquen" (ioane 15,13-15). macxovari iyo
maswavlebeli da rasac gvaswavlida, saqmiTve aRasrulebda, misi sityva da
saqme erTi iyo, da am SemTxvevaSic jvarze gakvriT Tavad saqmiTve
aRasrula es swavleba da suli Tvisi dado CvenTvis.
 dausjeli ziarebisaTvis da, kerZod, ziarebamde moyvasis
urTierTsiyvarulisaTvis, qristianuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi adgili
daimkvidra aRapma. ziareba anu puris gantexa, qristianuli cxovrebis
dasawyisSi _ mociqulTa dros _ I da Semdgom saukuneebSi SeerTebuli
iyo maT saerTo magidasTan, anu e.w. siyvarulis saRamoebTan _ aRapTan.
es moqmedeba, anu siyvarulis saRamoebi, pirvel qristianebSi gamoxatavda
Zmur erTobas, yvela monawilis gaerTianebas, xolo aRapTan ziarebis
mierTeba niSnavda masTan erTobas, vinc monawileebs sulier sazrdod da
maradiuli cxovrebisaTvis Tavis xorcsa da sisxls sTavazobda.
ase daedo safuZveli aRaps, anu siyvarulis saRamoebs, romelic
qristianul eklesiaSi IV saukunemde arsebobda. saerTo trapezi anu aRapi
imarTeboda ziarebis win.
aRapis, siyvarulis saRamoebis, aucileblobas gansazRvravda sami
mizezi:
1) saidumlo serobaze macxovarma ieso qristem mociqulebTan erTad
jer xorcieli trapezi miiRo, ris Semdegac daawesa ziarebis saidumlo _
usisxlo msxverpli da aziara mociqulebi, anu jer iyo xorcieli trapezi
da Semdeg ki sulieri. amis gaTvaliswinebiT da mibaZviT aRapi win
uswrebda ziarebis saidumlos;
2) pirvel saukuneebSi RvTismsaxureba mTeli Rame grZeldeboda
palestinaSi, ierusalimSi ki Ramis xangrZlivoba TiTqmis 12 saaTia, anu iq
TiTqmis sul buniaobaa, radgan ekvatorTan axlos imyofeba, amitom
maziareblebi mSivrebi amden xans ver gaCerdebodnen, ris gamoc msaxurebis
procesSi CarTuli iyo `aRapi".
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebiT, adamiani wminda ziarebas
uzmoze unda mieaxlos, amitom, savaraodod, `aRapi" SuaRamemde unda
gamarTuliyo;
3) `aRapis" _ `siyvarulis saRamoebis" safuZvels qristianuli
siyvaruli warmoadgenda _ mizani Tanasworobis, Tanabrobis miRweva iyo,
unda waSliliyo gansxvaveba, met-nakleboba asakSi, socialur
mdgomareobaSi, ganaTlebaSi, ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT da a.S. aRapis
monawileTa Soris didi Serigeba, miteveba da siyvaruli unda
damyarebuliyo, Semdeg ki erTobiT unda mieRoT wminda ziareba _ `Tu
Seni xiluli Zma ar giyvars, uxilav RmerTs rogor Seiyvarebo (I ioane
4.20) da roca msxverpls wirav RmerTs da sakurTxevlis win gagaxsendeba,
rom Senze romelime Zma gulZvirad aris, dauteve msxverpli
sakurTxevelTan, Seurigdi Sens Zmas da Semdeg Sewire msxverpli ufalso
(maTe 5,23-24). cxadia, aRapi _ xorcieli trapezobis dros
urTierTmiteveba da urTierTsiyvaruli, emsaxureboda Semdeg sulieri
trapezis _ wminda ziarebis dausjelad miRebas.
prof. arqimandriti kvipriane kerni aRniSnavs dasavleTis eklesiaSi
aRapTan dakavSirebiT diametrulad gansxvavebuli ori poziciis arsebobas;
erTi nawili istorikosebisa IV saukunemde saerTod uaryofda aRapis
arsebobas, Semdeg ki dasaSvebad miaCnda. meore nawili ki (Spota, juliheri,
bingemi da renani) aRaps TiTqmis RvTiur dadgenilebad iRebda da is Zveli
qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis aucilebel Semadgenel nawilad miaCnda
(prof. arqimandriti kvipriane kerni, 2006, gv. 38).
aRapis idea TandaTan uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT ganviTarda. adamiani
bunebiT midrekilia codvisaken da adamianis damokidebuleba trapezisadmi
nel-nela ise Seicvala, rom is ufro did mniSvnelobas xorciel sma-Wamas
aniWebda da wmida ziareba ki misTvis naklebad mniSvnelovani xdeboda.
zogierTi korinTeli qristiani siyvarulis saRamoze modioda Wama-
smis surviliT da radgan am saRamoebze motanili sursaTiT apurebdnen
Ratakebs, amitom mdidari monawileebi cdilobdnen, rac SeiZleba swrafad
danayrebuliyvnen TavianTi sursaTiT, raTa Raribebs isini mSivrebi ar
daetovebinaT. amitom isini ar icavdnen wesrigs, moswrebaze iyvnen, ufro
nayrovanebaze zrunavdnen da wminda ziareba maTTvis naklebad
mniSvnelovani xdeboda. wminda pavle mociquli amxels korinTelebs da
mouwodebs maT danayrdnen saxlSi, raTa siZunwiT ar Seuracxyon uflis
trapezi (I korinT. 11, 20-22, 34). siyvarulis saRamoebis aseT uRirs
damokidebulebaze wuxs mociquli iudac Tavis epistoleSi da maT
siyvarulis Sembilwvelebs uwodebs (iuda 1.12).
dasavleTis eklesiis mama teratuliane (+199w.) dawvrilebiT aRwers
siyvarulis saRamos: yvelas, visac SeuZlia, yvelaferi moaqvs saerTo
trapezisaTvis. aq yvela imdens Wamda da svamda, ramdenic Wirdeboda
sicocxlisaTvis. trapezobis dasrulebis Semdeg idgmeboda sanTeli da
winamZRvari iwvevda aRapis TiToeul monawiles, raTa swavleba eTqvaT,
anda fsalmuni egalobaT. ukve aq Canda, vin sva da Wama zedmeti.
tertuliane aRniSnavs, rom mdidrebs saerTo magidaze meti sursaTi
mohqondaT, raTa umetesi nawili TviTonve mieRoT, xolo Ratakebs bevris
motana ar SeeZloT da amitom cotasac iRebdnen. eklesiaTa winamZRvrebi
TandaTan iviwyebdnen aRapis pirvandel mniSvnelobas da is nel-nela iRebda
lxinis, nadimis saxes.
amitom aRapi ziarebis Semdeg gadaitanes.
unda aRiniSnos, rom maSin ziareba uerTdeboda ara marto
siyvarulis saRamoebs, aramed qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis sxva
moqmedebebsac, magaliTad, micvalebulis dakrZalva an Cvilis naTlisReba,
qorwineba da sxva, yovelTvis an iwyeboda, an mTavrdeboda wminda
ziarebiT, e.i. masTan erTad aRapiT.
roca aRapis pirvandeli mniSvneloba Seicvala da nadimad gadaiqca,
sadac Zmobam, Tanasworobam da erTobam dakarga Tavisi mniSvneloba, xolo
piraduli da ampartavnuli damokidebuleba gaZlierda, maSin eklesiis
mamebma daiwyes zrunva ziarebisagan aRapis Camosacileblad. uwesrigobis
garda am gadawyvetilebis mizezi aseve gaxda imperator traianes 99 wels
gamocemuli kanoni, romelic ukrZalavda qristianebs saidumlo Sekrebebs
da brals sdebda maT mankierebaSi.
mowame iustine aRniSnavs, rom ziareba Camoscilda aRaps. II saukuneSi
gamovida mociqulTa dadgenileba aRapisagan ziarebis Camocilebisa da
calke gamarTvis Sesaxeb, Tumca inerciiT aRapi ziarebis Semdeg IV
saukunemde mainc imarTeboda.
 mas Semdeg, rac aRapma nadimis, nayrovanebis saxe miiRo, romelsac
sxvadasxva uwesrigobac erTvoda Tan, wminda ambrosi mediolanelma
saWirod CaTvala saerTod misi akrZalva.
391 wels karTagenis me-3 krebam daadgina evqaristiisagan aRapis
CamoSoreba, xolo momdevno adgilobrivma krebebma taZarSi saerTod
akrZala aRapis Sesruleba da V saukunis dasawyisSi is TandaTan mieca
daviwyebas (leqsikoni, 1992).
e. i. aRapi iyo qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis Semadgeneli nawili da
is usisxlo msxverplSewirvasTan _ ziarebis saidumlosTan erTad
imarTeboda. garda amisa, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, is aseve sruldeboda
naTlobis, qorwinebisa da micvalebulTa dakrZalvis dros.
tradiciuli qarTuli sufris safuZvelic swored aRapia. radgan Tu
davukvirdebiT, Cveni sufris mimdinareoba igive RvTismsaxurebaa, yoveli
sadRegrZelo xom locvaa. rac mTavaria, rogorc qristianuli
RvTismsaxurebaa tipikonis saSualebiT mowesrigebuli, aseve dadgenilia
qarTul sufraze sadRegrZeloTa Tanmimdevroba. Tanac, rogorc garkveuli
pirebia RvTismsaxurebis Semsruleblebi _ yvelas ar SeuZlia misi
Sesruleba, magram monawileobs sasuliero ierarqiis mier Sesrulebul
msaxurebaSi, aseve qarTul sufrazec garkveuli wesrigia, rac TamadobiT
miiRweva.
rogorc marTlmadidebeli eklesiis nebismier msaxurebas RvTis
sadidebliT _ wminda samebis asamaRlebliT iwyebs mRvdeli, aseve qarTul
sufrazec Tamada pirvel sadRegrZelos RvTis sadidebels warmoTqvams,
rogorc RvTismsaxurebaSi gvaqvs `awda" RvTismSoblisebi _
damamTavrebeli dasdeblebi da sagaloblebi, aseve qarTul sufrazec
bolo sadRegrZelo yovlad wminda RvTismSoblis sadidebeli da
samadlobeli sadRegrZeloa, romelSic aseve gamoiTxoveba mis mier Cveni
mfarveloba da RvTis winaSe Suamdgomloba.
rogorc yvela wirvaze wmida marTlmadidebeli eklesia loculobs
micvalebulTaTvis da Sesawiri xuTi sefiskveridan erTi maTTvisaa
gankuTvnili, aseve qarTul sufraze Tamada aucileblad warmoTqvams
micvalebulTa sadRegrZelos, romelsac qarTvelma xalxma RvTivsulierad
uwoda Sesandobari. am sadRegrZeloSi sufris wevrebi Tavis mxriv
Sendobas aZleven gardacvlilTa sulebs da ufalsac evedrebian miutevos
maT Secodebani maTni da daamkvidros iq, sadac marTalni ganisveneben.
aRapis msgavsad, qarTuli sufris safuZvelic siyvarulia. sufris
wevrebi erTmaneTs locaven, ucnobi adamianic rom moxvdes sufraze, mas
yvela siyvaruliT miiRebs. qarTuli tradiciiT, erTmaneTze ganawyenebuli
adamianebi erT sufrazec rom moxvdnen, isini wyenas iviwyeben da erTmaneTs
gulwrfeli siyvaruliT adRegrZeleben.
aRapis msgavsad, tradiciulad qarTveli kaci, roca mis ojaxSi
bedniereba, naTloba an qorwinebaa - marTavs wveulebas. analogiurad
mwuxarebis dReebSi, roca gardaicvleba adamiani _ imarTeba qelexi. am
SemTxvevebSi axlo naTesavebi, megobrebi da mezoblebi iziareben ojaxis
lxinsa da Wirs.
 amrigad, qarTuli sufris tradicia safuZvels iRebs uZvelesi
qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis wes-gangebidan. niSandoblivia isic, rom sxva
qristian xalxebs Soris yvelaze srulyofilad es tradicia oci saukunis
manZilze Semoinaxa qarTvelma xalxma, rasac aucileblad garfTxileba da
SenarCuneba sWirdeba.

damowmebuli literatura

1. Руководство по литургикъ, или наука о правословномъ Богослуженiи,

применительно къ программъ, изданной учебнымъ комитетомъ для
учениковъ Духовныхъ семинарiй.
Составилъ настоятель Желтикова монастыря Архимандритъ
Гаврiилъ.
Тверъ 1886.
2. Профессор Архимандритъ Киприан (Керн)-Евхаристия, Москва. 2006г.
3. Полный православный Богословскiй энциклопедическiй словаръ. т. I.
Москва. 1992г.
4. Толковый типикон. Объяснительное изложение типикона с
историческим введением. Составил – профессор Киевской Духовной
Академии Михаил Скабалланович. Москва. 1955г.

DEAN MICHAEL KVANTALIANI

AGAPE IN THE ANCIENT CHRISTIAN DIVINE SERVICE AND

IN THE GEORGIAN TRADITIONS

Communion or sharing the bread celebrated among early Christians during the holy
apostles in the first century and later was related to Agape, love or charity feast.
This act, evenings of love, in early Christians expressed brotherly unity, union of
all believers; and the participation in the event meant the unity with Agape that offered its
flesh and blood to the participants for the spiritual sustenance.
This is the origin of the parties of love that continued its existence in Christian
churches until the 4th century. The communion was related to not only the evenings of
love but also with other services of the church, e.g. burying of the dead, infant baptism,
wedding ceremonies that always began or ended with the Eucharist.
Agape as the ancient form of divine service is a foundation of the Christian
traditions. Human-being should his happiest or saddest days spend in the company of his
people: of relatives, friends and neighbors who would share his joy and sorrow.
The Georgian table(‘Supra’) with its toasts is the real evening of love, of praying
and divine service.