tariel futkaraZe

I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos

dasavleTi nawili
(egrisi, suaneTi; margveTi, argueTi...)
lingvokulturuli TvalsazrisiT
("qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT)

qarTvelTa istoriuli sacxovrisi - kavkasionis strategiuli

gadasasvlelebisa da evraziuli gzajvaredinebis mqone saqarTvelo
- uZvelesi droidan dRemde did geopolitikur moTamaSeTa
dapirispirebis obieqtia.
II-I aTaswleulebSi gareSe mtrebTan brZolis procesSi
qarTveluri tomebis konsolidaciiT ramdenime samefo warmoiqmna.
qarTvel mematianeTa cnobiT, Zv.w. IV-III saukuneebisTvis ukve
mwignobruli kulturis mqone erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo
arsebobs, romlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mxarea egrisi1.
Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebs (maT Soris egrisis mkvidrTac)
swamdaT erTi RmerTi; Semdeg dakarges ra rwmena, "yovelni qarTvelni"

1
warmodgenil naSromSi ufro vrclad ganvixilavT IV-VI saukuneebis
saqarTvelos, amitom aq fragmentulad warmovadgenT qarTvel mematianeTa
Tvalsazriss qarTlis saxelmwifos dasavleTi nawilis - dasavleT saqarTvelos
- saerisTavoebis adgilisa da rolis Sesaxeb ax.w. III saukunemde:
qarTlis cxovrebis” mixedviT (1955, gv. 5, 19-20), aleqsandre makedonelis
partikis - azonis - samefoSi egrisic/eguric (didi egrisi - dasavleT
saqarTvelo yubanis SesarTavamde) Sedioda. farnavazma berZnebisgan damoukidebeli
saxelmwifo (qarTli) Seqmna, romelSic ar Sevida egrisis Crdilo-dasavleTi
nawili (RaliZgidan yubanamde), romlis mkvidri qarTvelebi nebayofilobiT
darCnen beZnebis imperiis xelqveiTebad. mematianis mier qarTlis saxelmwifos
dasavleTi nawili ramdenime saerisTavodaa warmodgenili (gv. 24-25):
a. margvi/margveTi - rionis samxreTi mxare mesxeTis mTebamde lixis qedidan
Sav zRvamde (guria, vani-baRdadi-zemo imereTi); b. egrisi (mcire egrisi) da
suaneTi - rionis CrdiloeTi mxare egriswylamde (Tanamedrove RaliZgamde)
kavkasionidan Sav zRvamde (amJamindeli svaneTi, raWa-leCxumi, wyaltubo-xoni-
samtredia, samegrelo, afxazeTi RaliZgamde); g. oZrxis saerisTavo, romlis
nawilia aWara (goderZis uReltexilidan - Sav zRvamde); d. klarjeTi -
arsianidan - Sav zRvamde (savaraudod, rizemde; Sdr., amave wyaros cnobiT,
trapizoni megrelTa sofelia). SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom yvela am
saerisTavos hqonda Sav zRvaze gasasvleli.
farnavazidan - asfaguramde qarTlSi mefobdnen farnavazianni (q.c. 1955, gv.
59). welTaRricxvaTa mijnaze qarTlis mefe iyo bartomi, romelsac Ze ar
hyavda; mas araqarTveli ar surda memkvidred, amitom Zed da memkvidred
gamoacxada egrisis yvelaze cnobili erisTavis (qujis) SviliSvili - qarTami,
romelsac colad misca Tavisi qaliSvili. adre gardacvlili qarTamis Svili
- aderki gaxda qarTlis me-10 mefe. “da aman aderki daipyra (gamefda! - t.f.)
queyana qarTli da egrisi” (q.c. 1955, gv. 35).
qarTlSi “aderkis mefobasa Sina movides aTormetTa wmida mociqulTaganni
andria da svimon kananeli afxazeTs da egriss. mun aResrula wmida svimon
kananeli qalqsa nikofsiisasa, sazRvarsa berZenTasa... xolo andria moaqcivna
megrelni (gv. 38). iqve warmodgenil CanarTSi mematiane ambobs, rom andriam
eklesia aaSena qarTlis sofel did aWaraSi; aSkaraa, rom mematianisTvis
sofeli did aWaraa Sedis egrisSi, egrisis mxare/xevi ki - qarTlis saxelmwifoSi
(gv. 39); egrisis/aWaris moqcevis Semdeg andria gadmovida oZrxeSi, kerZod
samcxeSi, sadac monaTla mesxni (gv. 41); Semdeg mociqulma monaTla tao,
klarjeTi da svaneTi (gv. 38-42).
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili...

"iqmnes msaxur mzisa da mTovarisa da varskulavTa xuTTa, da

mtkice da ufro saficari maTi iyo saflavi qarTlosisi"2.
saqarTveloSi Semoxiznuli veluri tomebis gavleniT Zv.w.
pirveli aTaswleulis Sua periodSi "yovelTa qarTvelTac" "ipyres
sjuli uborotesi". aleqsandre didis dros qarTvelebi isev
daubrundnen "mzis, mTovarisa da xuTi varskulavis" pativiscemas
"da hmsaxurobdnen RmerTsa uxilavsa, dambadebelsa yovelisasa".
azom SemoiRo gacisa da gaimis kerpebi; farnavazma ki armazis kerpi
gamoacxada gacsa da gaimze aRmatebulad; logikuri Cans varaudi,
rom armazma daikava xaldis adgili3.
"qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT, qarTlma - qarTvelTa samefom
- I-VI saukuneebSic mravali brZola da krizisi gadaitana;
paralelurad, xSiri iyo politikuri Tu religiuri orientirebis
cvaleba; kerZod, aRsaniSnavia:
• imdroindeli ori didi imperiis - romisa da iranis -
dapirispireba erTmaneTTan saqarTvelos gamo;
• berZnebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZola sparselebTan;
• sparselebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZola berZnebTan;
• sparselebisa da berZnebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZola
Crdiloel barbaros tomebTan
• 532 wels sparseTma da bizantiam "saukunis zaviT" gaiyves
saqarTvelo (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo darCa sparseTs). es zavi
dairRva 542 wels. 562 wels sxva zavi gaformda iransa da
bizantias Soris, romliTac isev gaiyves saqarTvelo, kavkasionis
gadasasvlelebis gamagreba ki erToblivad dagegmes (bizantia
30 000 oqros maneTs uxdida irans kavkasiis ureltexilebis
gadasasvlelad). momdevno zaviT (591 w.) daarsda qarTlis saerisTavo;
qujis STamomavali aderki megrelebs ganurisxda sjulis datevebis gamo (gv.
42); andrias “mSvidobiT gantevebis gamo” mefem Serisxa klarjeTis erisTavic
(gv. 42). qarTvel mematianeTa cnobiT, mogvianebiT andriam isev ganamtkica
megrelni da afxazni (gv. 43). savaraudod, swored amitomac “qarTlis cxovrebis”
avtorebi sagangebod aRar laparakobs wmida ninos mier dasavleT saqarTvelos
monaTvlaze. aderkma Tavisi samefo Svilebs gaunawila samarTavad; kerZod:
bartoms: qalaqi mcxeTa da Sida qarTli, anu mtkvris CrdiloeTi qarTli:
“hereTidan vidre Tavamde qarTlisa da egrisisa (oZrxec am mefis sakuTreba
iyo)”; qarTams: qalaqi armazi da mtkvris samxreTi nawili: xunaniTgan vidre
Tavamde mtkurisa, da klarjeTi yoveli (gv. 43). gayofili qarTli gaaerTiana
farsman III (qvelma), romelic ar ar emorCileboda arc romsa da arc sparseTs
(imperatorma antonius piusma mas Zegli daugda sicocxleSive, xolo sparselebma
muxanaTurad mowamles da mokles). farsmanis mokvlis Semdeg sparselebma
qarTlis erTi nawilis mefed dasves mirdati, meore nawili ki Tavad daikaves
da mis mmarTvelad “dauteves erisTavi armazs” (gv. 53). farsman qvelis Zem -
adamma - megrTa, berZenTa da somexTa daxmarebiT daamarcxa sparselebi, gandevna
mirdati da isev gaaerTiana qarTli (gv. 53-54).
2
“qarTlis cxovrebis” am monakveTSi, saerTod, eTnaq “qarTlos” daSifruli
xom ar aris RvTaeba qarTi/xaldi/qarTu, anu TeSubi
TeSubi? Sdr., erTmaneTs hgavs
uZveles xaTur-xuritul velSi arsebuli kerpi “TeSubi” (cis, elva-quxilis,
sicocxlis momcemi wvimis RvTaeba) - qorbuda iremze Semjdari mamakaci da
urartuelTa Tu kavkasielTa mTavari RvTaeba - xaldi (lomze Semjdari mamakaci).
Sdr., mamais kultis xati: lomze Semjdari wmindani. TeSubis msgavsi funqcia
aqvs armazsac: “RmerTi - soflis mpyrobeli, mzisa momfeneli, wóimisa momcemeli
da queynisa naSobTa gamomzrdeli...” (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 106).
3
xaldis kultisa da sasanuri zoroastrizmis talRis Sesaxeb masalis
mimoxilvisaTvis ix., z.k.gamsaxurdia, “adreqristianuli qarTlis kulturuli
mozaika”, tb., 1995, gv. 21-23.
 t. futkaraZe

bizantia-iranis SeTanxmebiT, pirveli erismTavari gaxda stefanoz

I - guaramis Svili. am zaviT qarTli isev Suaze gaiyo, magram mas
mainc stefanozi marTavda (g. alasania, 2008, gv. 81).
Sdr., politikuri orientirebis cvlilebebi aisaxeboda
religiur mimdinareobebzec:
V saukunis dasawyisSi berZnebis mier cixegojamde teritoriis
dapyrobis gamo qarTvelebi did glovaSi arian da acxadeben, rom
isjebian urwmunobis gamo; marTlac, am dros qarTlSi sparsuli
religiuri orientaciaa, xolo gorgasalis mefobis pirvel naxevarSi
religiuri orxelisuflebianobaa; ori episkoposia: qristiani da
mazdeani. Semdeg gorgasalisve karze ori qristianuli mimdinareoba
Cans dapirispirebuli: samoel episkoposisa da petre kaTalikosisa
(petre somexTa ganmanaTleblis, grigolis mowafea; a. jafariZe,
1976, gv. 163); Sdr., samoeli akurTxes konstantinepolSi, petre
ki - antioqiaSi (12 episkoposTan erTad).
506 wels sparseTis iniciativiT da somxeTis organizebiT
Catarda dvinis saerTokavkasiuri kreba, sadac somxeTis, saqarTvelosa
da albaneTis eklesiebma miiRes zenonis henotikoni, romelic
Semrigebluri dokumenti iyo diofizitobasa da monofizitobas4
Soris (a. jafariZe, 1976, gv. 379). saqarTvelos 33 episkoposidam
am krebas eswreboda 24 qarTveli episkoposi.
VI saukunis dasasrulsa da VII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi
ramdenime arsebiTi movlena moxda:
1. qarTlSi gaimarjva diofizitobam, romelsac mxars uWerda
bizantia (monofizitobas mxars uWerdnen sparselebi);
2. 608 wels qarTvelebi da somxebi ganiyvnen eklesiurad
(somxebi monofizitebi gaxdnen);
3. 614 wels sparselebma Tbilisidan gaaZeves qarTlis
kaTalikosi kirioni; kironma Tavi Seafara egriss, ramdenadac is
amave dros iyo egrisis arqiepiskoposi5. amis Semdeg mcire xniT
dasavleT saqarTveloSi batonobdnen berZnebi; aRmosavleTSi sparsuli
orientaciis qristianobis gabatoneba daiwyo; marTlmadideblobas
sulze mouswres asurelma mamebma da diofizitobas gaamarjvebines6.
maleve, irakli keisarma aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic daamarcxa
sparselebi da misda uneburad amierkavkasiisken gza gauxsna axal
dampyroblebs - arabebs.
qarTvel mematianeTa cnobiT, "yovelTa qarTvelTa" saxelmwifo
- istoriuli qarTli - Zv.w. IV saukunidan ax. w. VI saukunemde

4
monofizitoba warmoiSva aleqsandriaSi V saukunis Sua periodSi (es axali
mimdinareba dagmo qalkedonis krebam 451 wels). .
5
epistoleTa wigni (z. aleqsiZis redaqciiT), 1968, gv. 197-198.
6
Sdr., v. goilaZe, asurel mamaTa samSoblo da saqarTvelo, Tb., 2002, gv. 151-
156: asureli mamebi qarTlSi movidnen iovane zedaznelis winamZRolobiT
daaxloebiT 534 wels. “asurel mamaTa mosvla qarTlSi diofizitobis poziciebis
gamyarebas emsaxureboda. amitom iqnen miCneulni isini “"ganmanaTleblad qarTlisa”
da “ganmwmendelad rjulisa”; amave dros, bizantiis imperator iustinianesa
da qarTlis mefe farsmanis mxridan es iyo saxelmwifo RonisZieba”.
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

(da Semdgomac) moicavs dRevandeli saqarTvelos teritorias da

tao-klarjeTis saxeliT cnobil istoriul samxreT-dasavleT
saqarTvelos (lazeTi rizemde mainc, nigali, SavSeT-imerxevi, eruSeTi,
orive tao, speri). ax.w. V saukunemde qarTlis Crdilo-dasavleTi
sazRvari iyo mdinare RaliZga, xolo V saukuneSi vaxtang
gorgasalma berZnebisgan legitimurad (colis mziTvis saxiT) miiRo
teritoria RaliZgidan klisuramde.
qarTuli saistorio tradicia aseve gveubneba, rom am periodis
saqarTveloSi qarTvelebs erTi dedaena hqondaT, romelic
amave dros iyo qarTlis (istoriuli saqarTvelos) sazRvrebSi
saxelmwifo da saeklesio ena.
qarTuli wyaroebis tradiciuli xedvis sapirispirod, XX
saukunis istorikosTa didi nawilis (iv. javaxiSvilis, s. janaSia,
g. meliqiSvili, n. lomouris, d. musxeliSvilis da sxvaTa) azriT,
uZvelesi droidan vidre XI saukunemde qarTlis samefoSi ar
Sedioda amJamindeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo - Zveli egrisi egrisi;
Sdr., mag., n. lomouri, 1970, gv. 159, 165: "IV saukuneSi
dasavleT saqarTvelos centralur raionSi mdebare lazTa
(egrisis) samefo Semdgom gaZlierebas aRwevs... egrisis samefos
gaZlierebis maCvenebelia, upirveles yovlisa, misi teritoriuli
gafarToeba... IV saukunis miwurulisTvis dasavleT saqarTvelo
gaerTianebulia lazebis (egrisis) samefos mier.
zemoT dasaxelebul avtorebs didi Rvawli aqvT gaweuli
qarTuli istoriografiisTvis; maTdami didi pativiscemis miuxedavad
unda aRvniSno, rom uZvelesi droidan ax.w. VI saukunemde egrisisa
da qarTlis, rogorc ori damoukidebeli samefos arsebobis
damadasturebeli arc erTi sarwmuno argumenti ar aris warmodgenili;
mag., IV saukunis viTarebis aRwerisas am sakiTxebze sagangebod
momuSave n. lomoursa da d. musxeliSvils ZiriTadad damowmebuli
aqvT VI saukunis moRvawis - prokopi kesarielis cnobebi 7
(msjelobisaTvis ix. qvemoT). ismis kiTxva:
ramdenad logikuria, rom VI saukunis dasawyisSi
dabadebuli da kavkasiisgan Sors myofi prokopis
winaaRmdegobrivi cnobebis mixedviT8 "davasabuToT" IV saukunis
saqarTvelos ambebi? kerZod, quTaisi-noqalaqevis zona gamovacxadoT
7
Sdr., berZen avtorebs rig SemTxvevaSi saintereso cnobebi mohyavT, magram ar
SeiZleba am cnobebis ganzogadeba sxva drosa da situaciaze; mag., V saukunis
anonimi avtoris azriT, mdinare fazisi saTaves iRebs armeniis mTebidan mTebidan;
mis SesarTavTanaa miletelTa elinuri qalaqi fazisi (sadac Tavs iyrian 60
enaze molaparake tomebi); amave mdinarezea qalaqi aia, saidanac iyo medea
(georgika, t. 2 gv. 4-5). armeniis mTebTan mxolod Woroxis saTaveebis lokalizeba
SeiZleba; ramdenad logikuria Woroxis SesarTavTan qalaq fazisis daSveba?
8
bizantia-sparseTis omebi prokopi kesarielis mier aRwerilia VI saukunis
Sua periodSi. aqve aRvniSnav, rom erT-erT yvelaze sando istorikosad
miCneulma prokopi kesarielma orgvari istoria dawera: oficialuri - iustinianes
saqebari da araoficialuri - iustinianes salanZRavi; Tavad wers, rom Tavis
oficialur nawerebSi iustinianes xedva rom ar gaataros, moklaven moklaven; ix.
georgika, II, gv. 40-42.
 t. futkaraZe

IV saukunis egrisis e.w. samefos centralur regionad? am fonze

ramdenad gamarTlebulia IV saukunis saqarTvelos - wmida ninosa
da mirianis epoqis (!) - Sesaxeb "qarTlis cxovrebis" Tanamimdevruli
cnobebis ignorireba (romlebic ZiriTadad TviTmxilvelTa cnobebs
eyrdnoba)?
sanimuSod gavaanalizoT d. musxeliSvilis erTi citata (2004,
gv.100):
"IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, rodesac konstantine pirvelma
romis imperia oTx prefeqturad gahyo, egrisi, savaraudia,
aRmosavleTis prefeqturis - polemonis pontos provinciaSi Sedioda,
romelic, Tavis mxriv, pontos diocezis Semadgeneli nawili
iyo".
Sdr., sapirispiro cnobaa qarTul wyaroSi ("qarTlis
cxovreba", 1955, gv. 70): "da mefobda mirian mun qarTls, rans,
hereTs, da movakans. da aqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamde
(RaliZgamde: oCamCiris CaTvliT - t.f.)".
"qarTlis cxovrebas" (da ara d. musxeliSvilis daskvnas)
uWers mxars Tanamedrove saberZneTSi Seqmnili "romis imperiis
rukac", romlis mixedviT IV saukunis bizantiis imperiis sazRvari,
Sesabamisad, saeklesio sazRvaric rizemde (an goniomde) Tu aRwevs;
Sdr., polemonis pontos provinciis sazRvrebi (am SemTxveevaSi
Crdilo-aRmosavleTi sazRvari goniomde aRwevs)9:

rogorc cnobilia, I-IV msoflio krebebis mixedviT saeklesio

sazRvrebi unda emTxveodes saxelmwifos sazRvrebs; Sesabamisad,
logikuria daskvna, rom adreul periodSi da Semdegac qarTuli
eklesii
eklesiiss iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda qarTlis samefos
sazRvrebSi 10.
9
http://www.google.ge/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/
55/Pontus.png/250px-Pontus.png&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Pontus&usg=__d_HNhsaFgLkzZZZQ3Cy9pTmZKeE=&h=200&w=250&sz=64&hl=ka&start=9&tbnid=BUBW7HIU3qH-
GM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=111&prev=/
images%3Fq%3Dpontus%2Bpolemoniacus,%2Bmap,%2BIV%26hl%3Dka%26newwindow%3D1
10
msjelobisaTvis ix., mitropoliti anania jafariZe, 1976; mitropoliti anania jafariZe,
2003.
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

qarTlis sazRvrebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa somxuri

wyaroebi, romlebzec yuradRebas amaxvileben vaxuSti bagrationi,
ivane javaxiSvili da mitropoliti anania jafariZe; kerZod, hohannes
somexTa kaTalikosis VI saukunis Sua wlebis epistolis mixedviT,
tao-klarjeTi qarTlis eklesiis samwysoa, xolo somexTa istorikosis
ioane kaTalikosis cnobiT, kvirioni, winandeli wesis Tanaxmad,
qarTvelTa gugarelTa da megrelTa arqiepiskoposad iqna
xeldasxmuli11.
sxva ucxuri da qarTuli cnobebis SepirispirebiTi analizi
saSualebas iZleva vTqvaT, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi vidre
klisuramde (soxumamde) saeklesio da saxelmwifo ena iyo qarTuli12,
xolo afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Seqmnis Semdeg (IX s.) klisuradan
nikofsiamde teritoraze arsebul eklesiebSic qarTulad daiwyo
wirva-locva 13. ufro saintereso isaa, rom am gaerTianebis
dros mcxeTis eklesiis mier afxazeTis sakaTolikoso samarTavad
gadaeca dasavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawilis eparqiebi
(manamde biWvinTeli kaTalikosi iuridiulad akontrolobda mxolod
klisuras CrdiloeT mxares); saeklesio mamaTa am SorsgaTvlili
nabijiT faqtobrivad gaqarTulda tradiciuli biWvinTis
eklesiac. eklesiis gaerTianebam safuZveli moamzada didi
saqarTvelos aRorZinebisTvis.
kidev erTi sayuradRebo faqti:
VI-VIII saukuneebSi biWvinTis velSi dasturdeba berZnulenovani
epigrafikuli masala (masalisa da literaturis mimoxilvisaTvis
ix. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, 1973, gv. 182), xolo quTaisis
VII saukunis saydarze - qarTulenovani warwera "gabrieli" (o. lanCava,
2007, gv. 151).
dasavleT saqarTvelos mcxovrebTa dedaenis Sesaxeb uTuod
sayuradReboa prokopi kesarielis msjelobac quTaisis saxelis

11
iv. javaxiSvili, 1979, gv. 340-242; a. jafariZe, 1976, gv. 330, 361.
12
Sdr., garkveulwilad Suleduri poziciaa gamoxatuli b. diasamiZis 2001 wlis
monografiaSi (2001, gv. 64, 233): "egrisis samefoSi Tavidanve saxelmwifo-sakancelario
ena iyo adgilobrivi, zanuri, an misi ganayofi ena - qarTuli. xolo RvTismsaxurebis
ena V saukunidan mainc iyo qarTuli ena. IV saukunis 20-ian wlebSi, ise rogorc
qarTlSi, egrisSic qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda. amiT orive
qarTulma saxelmwifom sabolood gamokveTa Tavisi politikuri da religiuri
orientacia". 2009 wlis naSromSi "saeklesio enis sakiTxi adreSuasaukuneebis egrisSi"
(quTaisuri saubrebi-XII, 2009, gv. 34) ki ufro argumentirebulia Semdegi mosazreba:
"egrisSi saxelmwifo da saeklesio-RvTismsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli" qarTuli".
13
safiqrebelia, rom VII saukunis meore naxevridan IX saukunis bolomde dasavleT
saqarTvelos did nawils eklesiurad konstantinepolis sapatriarqo akontrolebs.
IX saukunis dasasruls antioqiis saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebiT, afxazeTis
sakaTolikoso gamoeyo konstantinepolis sapatriarqos, romelic xatmebrZolobis
codvaSi iyo Cafluli. afxazeTis eklesiam jer ufleba miiRo mcxeTidan waeRo
mironi, Semdeg ki afxazeTis kaTalikosma nebayofilobiT miiRo umrwmesis (umcrosis)
statusi mcxeTis kaTalikosTan SedarebiT (msjelobisa da literaturis mimoxilvisaTvis
ix.: a. jafariZe, 2003, gv. 60; g, mWedliZe, m. kezevaZe, gv. 31-45). Sdr.: manamde
afxazeTma damoukidebloba moipova bizantiisgan (VIII saukunis miwuruls).
 t. futkaraZe

Sesaxeb: bizantiisa da sparseTis mier 532 wels saqarTvelos

ganawilebis Semdeg bizantiam garkveuli droiT gaafarTova lazikis
sazRvrebi da mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo daikava. am periodis
quTaisis mosaxleobis enaze prokopi kesarieli wers: lazebma berZnuli
ena ar ician, amitom amaxinjeben da kotiaions quTaTiss/qoTaiss
eZaxian (georgika, 1965, gv.195). cnobilia, rom megrul-Wanuri
kiloebis mixedviT quTaisi aris quTeSi. gamomdinare aqedan,
lazTa" - dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrTa
prokopis dros "lazTa"
- istoriuli dedaenac da ZiriTadi saurTierTo-saxelmwifo
enac iyo qarTuli ena (msjelobisaTvis vrclad ix. t. futkaraZe,
2005, gv. 298-322). aq kidev erTxel aRvniSnav, rom rogorc
qarTuli, aseve ucxouri wyaroebis mixedviT, trapizonidan vidre
klisuramde mcxovrebTa ZiriTad nawils Seadgenen megrelebi (anu
Wanebi Tu lazebi), romelTa sacxovrisis didi nawili xan maTi
monawileobiT Seqmnili erovnuli saxelmwifos - qarTlis
nawilia, xanac - dampyroblis mier kontrolirdeba (ZiriTadad
bizantielebisgan, zogjer - sparselebisganac).
Zv.w. IV da ax. w. VII saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTvelos
enobrivi situaciis daxasiaTebis TvalsazrisiT arsebiTi cvlileba
xdeba me-19 saukunis 60-iani wlebidan; kerZod, am periodidan
rusul samecniero wreebSi Cndeba da mizanmimarTulad aqtiurdeba
mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrni
TiTqosda mravali saukunea saubroben qarTulisgan gansxvavebul
(qarTulis monaTesave) or Tu oTx sxva damoukidebel enaze14;
kerZod: lazebi - lazurad, megrelebi - megrulad, svanebi -
svanurad, argveTelebi (zemo imerlebi) - margulad15. msoflioSi
farTod vrceldeba am mosazrebis safuZvelze Seqmnili lingvisturi
14
mag., T. gamyreliZisa da v. ivanovis azriT (1984, gv. 880-881), saerToqarTveluri
arsebobda daaxloebiT 5 000 wlis win, romelsac svanuri ena 4 000, xolo kolxuri
ena 3000 wlis win gamoeyo. istoriul xanaSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mkvidri
qarTulenovani mosaxleobis mier dasavleT saqarTvelos kolxurenovani mosaxleobis
eqspansiis Semdeg Suaze ixliCebian kolxebi da yalibdeba kidev ori ena: megruli da
lazuri... bunebaSi ar arsebobs 4000-wliani ena. garda amisa, raime faqtiT Tu
logikuri argumentiT ar sabuTdeba qarTveli eris amgvari enobriv-eTnikuri istoria.
arada, msgavsma mosazrebebma sabWoTa periodSi safuZveli daudo e.w. qarTizaciis
Teorias
Teorias. Cveni azriT, ufro logikuri da argumentirebulia mosazreba, rom
qarTvelTa saerTo dedaenis (qarTulis/qarTveluris) ZiriTadi kuTxuri saxesxvaobebi
(svanuri, zanuri, mesxuri, fxovuri Tu sxva qarTveluri kiloebi da ara - "enebi")
yalibdeba ax. w. pirvel aTaswleulSi (vrclad ix., t. futkaraZe, 2005; T. gvancelaZe,
2006).
15.
margulis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis ix.: ak. SaniZe, 1981: marguli metyveleba "Zvelad
ufro ena unda yofiliyo" (gv.443). 2005 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi "qarTvelebi"
(gv. 192-193) warmovadgineT argumentebi, rom imereTSi qarTulis garda qarTvelTa
sxva ena ar unda arsebuliyo. Sdr., g. mWedliZis msjeloba: "t. futkaraZe iwunebs n.
berZeniSvilis gamoTqmas "qarTi - tomiylapia", rac qarTizacias niSnavda. magram aba
ra iyo is procesi, rasac Sedegad imereT-guriisa da hereTis mosaxleobis mier
sakuTar enaze metyvelebis dakargva da mxolod qarTulze gadasvla
mohyva
mohyva" (2008, gv. 62); iqve g. mWedliZe saTanado argumentebis gareSe mainc Tvlis,
rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eTnikuri nakadisgan dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTizacia
dadasturebuli faqtia (gv. 62-63).
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

rukebic; aq warmovadgenT prof. i. gipertis erT-erT rukas (TITUS

Didactica: Language Map Caucasus: Netscape version)16:

1993-2003 wlebSi Seqmnili am rukis mixedviT, TiTqosda

qarTulenovani sivrce ar iyos: Sida qarTli, samegrelo, afxazeTi,
tao-klarjeTi, lazeTi...
qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros amgvari xedvis Sesaxeb Cemi
Tvalsazrisi da argumentebi gamoqveynebulia17; aq kidev erTxel
aRvniSnav:
qarTuli saistorio tradiciis, qarTveli sazogado moRvaweebis
udidesi nawilisa da Tanamedrove enaTmecnierTa nawilis azriT,
qarTvelebs erTi dedaena gvaqvs gvaqvs. ramdenime qarTveluri enis
Teoria sarwmuno istoriul faqtebsa da damajerebel lingvistur
argumentebs ar efuZneba; Sesabamisad, odiTganve dasavleT saqarTvelo
qarTuli enis (qarTvelTa erovnuli enis) gavrcelebis arealia.
ufro vrclad SevexebiT egrisisa (dasavleT saqarTvelos)
da qarTlis samefoebis damoukideblad arsebobis sakiTxs.
egrisis damoukideblobis Sesaxeb Tvalsazrisi Seqmnilia
qarTvel mematianeTa informaciebis ignorirebiT da qarTlis
dapyrobis mosurne berZnebis Tu romis imperiis moxeleTa saeWvo
(Tu obieqturi) cnobebis adaadekvaturi ganzogadebiT (ix.
qvemoT)18.

16
http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/karten/kauk/kaukasn.htm am da sxva msgavsi rukebis
kritikisaTvis ix. t. futkaraZe, 2008; t. futkaraZe, 2009.
17
ix. t. futkaraZe, 2005; t. futkaraZe, 2007; t. futkaraZe, 2009...
18
berZen mweralTa cnobebis saeWvoobis Sesaxeb s. yauxCiSvilis mosazreba ix. georgika,
II, gv. 97-110. ix., agreTve, g. grigolia, 1994, sadac kvalificirebuli msjelobaa
berZnuli wyaroebis winaaRmdegobebisa da mdinare fazis-Woroxis Sesaxeb.
 t. futkaraZe

sabWoTa istoriografiis mizani ar iyo, mravalricxovani

qarTuli Tu sxvaenovani wyaroebiT dabalansebuliyo berZnul-
romauli winaaRmdegobrivi cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb19; Sesabamisad,
evropis istoriis amsaxvel Taanamedrove rukebzec (http://
www.euratlas.com/summary.htm) saqarTvelos dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi
nawilebi XIII saukunemde erTmaneTisgan damoukidebel samefoebadaa
warmodgenili; Sdr., mag.:
1. evropa I saukuneSi: am rukaze damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebia
kolxeTi da iberia (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/1/index.html):

2. evropa III saukuneSi (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/300/

index.html); rac ar unda daujerebeli iyos, aq damoukidebeli
saxelmwifoebia: lazika, kolxeTi da iberia (am da sxva SemTxvevebSi
movitanT evropis rukis mxolod samxreT-aRmosavleT nawils):

19
calkeuli qarTveli istorikosebis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, ruseTis imperiam
XIX-XX saukuneebSi SeZlo Seeqmna qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos danawevrebis
fsevdomecnieruli "safuZvlebi" ("gaTiSe da ibatone"). am mxriv dResac yvelaze
mets akeTeben sazRvargareTidan dafinansebuli politizebuli mecnierebi.
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

3. evropa IV saukuneSi (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/400/

index.html); aq ukve lazika da iberiaa damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi:

4. evropa V saukuneSi (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/500/

index.html); aqac lazika da iberiaa damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi:
 t. futkaraZe

5. evropis XI-XII saukuneebis ruka (http://www.euratlas.net/history/

europe/1000/index.html), sadac damoukidebel saxelmwifoebad
warmodgenilia didi afxazeTi da patara saqarTvelo (georgia);

safiqrebelia, rom XI-XII saukuneebis rukebze I-X saukuneebis

rukebis qoronim iberia-s Secvla qoronim georgia-Ti SemTxveviTi
ar aris
aris. politizebul mecnierTa erTi nawili dRes cdilobs
daajeros msoflio, rom istoriulad afxazeTi sxvaa, saqarTvelo
ki sxva; rom afxazeTi ar iyo qarTulenovani saxelmwifo (amgvari
paTosiTaa Seqmnili es rukac). sinamdvileSi yvela adrindeli
ucxouri Tu qarTuli wyaros mixedviT, X-XII saukuneebis afxazeTi
qarTvelebis mier Seqmnili qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli qarTulenovani
saxelmwifoa; Sdr., mag.:
uxtanesi (VI s. somexi istorikosi): Savi zRvis piras
cxovroben vracebi (qarTvelebi); maT qveyanas afxazeTi hqvia;
xakani (me-12 saukunis Turqulenovani poeti): "am saxeanTebuli
xuWuWTmiani qalisTvis afxazeTis mcxovrebi gavxdi da qarTulad
daviwye laparaki" da sxv.20
aqve aRvniSnav, rom bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi gamoqveynebuli
rukebis umravlesobaSic I-VI saukuneebSi saqarTvelos dasavleTi
da aRmosavleTi nawilebi damatebiTi argumentaciis gareSe
damoukidebel samefoebadaa warmodgenili (zogan piriqiT, sazRvrebi
uargumentod aris gazrdili); Sdr., mag., m. sanaZe, T. beraZe, k.
Tofuria (saqarTvelos istoriuli atlasi, 2003, ruka 8 (qarTuli
saxelmwifoebi I-II saukuneebSi):

20
vrclad ix. afxazeTi, Tb., 2008 (qarTuli da rusuli gamocemebi).
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

dasanani is ufroa, rom "qarTlis cxovrebis" axal gamocemebSi

"qarTlis cxovrebis" avtorTa (mematianeTa) cnobebis sapirispiro
Sinaarsis rukebia CarTuli. mag., axlaxan akad. r. metrevelis
redaqtorobiT gamocemul "qarTlis cxovrebis" rusul variantSic
aris ruka, romelzec I-IV saukuneebis saqarTvelo daSlilad -
qarTlisa da egrisis (/lazikis) or samefod - aris warmodgenili
da maT Soris sazRvrad CaTvlilia lixis qedi (r. metreveli,
2008, gv. 104-105)21; arada, qarTvel mematianeTa mixedviT, am
dros egrisi qarTlis samefos organuli nawilia.

21
Sdr.: qarTvel mkvlevarTa erTi nawili (d. musxeliSvili, T. beraZe, m. sanaZe...)
samarTlianad Tvlis, rom saqarTvelo erTiani iyo vaxtang gorgaslis dros; Tumca,
maTi azriT, vaxtangma SemoierTa egrisi. sinamdvileSi vaxtangma ukan daibruna
berZnebisgan dapyrobili teritoria cixe-gojidan RaliZgamde da Semoimata qarTuli
miwa-wyali RaliZgidan klisuramde.
 t. futkaraZe

naTelia, rom am rukis safuZvelia ara "qarTlis cxovrebis"

xedva, aramed naklebargumentirebuli Tvalsazrisi egrisisa da
qarTlis damoukidebeli samefoebis arsebobis Sesaxeb22.
Sdr.: damowmebuli rukebisgan radikalurad gansxvavdeba vaxuSti
batoniSvilis 1735 wels daxatuli "qarTlis, anu saqarTvelos,
iberiis georgiannis" rukebi (vaxuSti bagrationi, saqarTvelos
atlasi, Tb., 1997, gv. 2, 23-25), mitropolit anania jafariZis
1996 wels, xolo manana SeyilaZis mier 2004 wels Seqmnili
rukebi, romlebic asaxaven "qarTlis cxovrebis" xedvas (ramdenime
aspeqti aqac dasazustebelia). gTavazobT mitropolit anania
jafariZisa da manana SeyilaZis rukebs:
mitropoliti ananias ruka (dabeWdilia 1996 wels gamoqveynebul
wignSi "saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria", Sigayda):

m. SeyilaZe ("saqarTvelos istoriuli atlasi, Tb., 2004, gv.

5; IV-VI saukuneebis qarTli (aq erTiani saqarTvelos samefoSi
dausabuTebladaa Setanili klisura-biWvinTis mxarec da aklia
teritoria goniodan aTinamde):

22
wesiT, "qarTlis cxovrebis" teqstSi CarTuli unda iyos am istoriuli Zeglis
mixedviT Seqmnili ruka.
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

miuxedavad "qarTlis cxovrebis" mravalsaukunovani tradiciisa,

Tanamedrove (XXI saukunis) qarTvel istorikosTa umravlesobac
ratomRac brmad iziarebs mosazrebas saukuneebis manZilze egrisisa
da qarTlis samefoebis sxvadasxvaobebis Sesaxeb23. araiSviaTad,
mcdari daskvnebis safuZvelia gaumarTlebeli terminologiuri
aRrevebi
aRrevebi; mag., me-20 saukuneSi ratomRac sinonimebad gamocxadda,
erTi mxriv, terminebi: "kolxeTi", "lazika", "egrisi", meore mxriv
ki: "qarTli", "iberia"; Tanac, sxvadasxva politikur-saxelmwifoebrivi
sivrcis aRmniSvnel am terminTagan upiratesoba mieniWa berZnul-
romaul gaazrebebs; Sdr.:
"qarTlis cxovrebiseuli" qoronimi qarTli aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos garda moicavs: egriss, margveTs, taos, klarjeTs,
afxazeTs; berZnuli warmoSobis qoronimi iberia ki, strabonis
mixedviT, mxolod aRmosavleTi saqarTveloa. Sdr., zog evropul
wyaroSi iberia sruliad saqarTvelosac gulisxmobs (masalis
analizisaTvis vrclad ix.: a. jafariZe, 1996, gv. 86-92; t. futkaraZe,
2005, gv. 93-96, 103-108, 186-200).
aucilebelia politikuri koniunqturis gaTvaliswineba: Sdr.,
mag., dRes, 2009 wels, SeuZlebelia sinonimebad gamovacxadoT
ruseTis politikuri elitisgan gamoyenebuli termini gruzia da
amerikelebisa Tu qarTvelebisgan gamoyenebuli terminebi: georgia
da saqarTvelo
saqarTvelo: rusebi "gruziaSi" aRar moiazreben afxazeTs.
ori terminis sinonimad miCneva mxolod im SemTxvevaSia
SesaZlebeli, Tuki mocemuli sityvaformebiT (aRmniSvneliT) erTi
da igive obieqti (aRsaniSni) aris aRniSnuli. mocemul SemTxvevaSi
safuZveli ara gvaqvs sinonimebad gamovacxadoT terminebi: egrisi
da lazika, ramdenadac maTi semantikuri plani sxvadasxvaa; Sdr.:

- ucxouri warmoSobis sityvaforma lazika aRniSnavs

bizantiisgan dapyrobil teritorias (qarTvelTa sacxovriss,
romelsac bizantiis imperiis morCili moxele marTavs).
kerZod, ruseTis imperiis zewolisgan Tavisufali zogi qarTveli mecnieric ufro
23

endoba winaaRmdegobriv imperiul cnobebs (vidre "qarTlis cxovrebis" avtorebs)

da brmad iziarebs mosazrebas saukuneebis manZilze egrisisa da qarTlis damoukideblad
arsebobis Sesaxeb; ix., mag., g. grigolia, 1994; egrisis damoukideblobis samtkiceblad
dResac iwereba sadoqtoro naSromebi; ix,. mag., doqtorant merab WumburiZis
sadisertacio naSromi: "egrisis egrisis samefos Tavdacvis sistema (ax. w. I-III
saukuneebSi)", quTaisi, 2009.
 t. futkaraZe

- samwignobro qarTulis yalibiT warmoqmnili sityvaforma

egrisi aRniSnavs qarTlis mefis "sauxuceso teritorias" - samefo
gvaris uxucesis pirad sakuTrebas.
warmodgenili terminologiuri Ziebisas CvenTvis mTavaria
kiTxva: dasavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawili (bedia-
noqalaqevi-quTaisi) IV-VI saukuneebSi visi samflobelo
iyo? meti sicxadisTvis, erTmaneTs SevupirispireT I-VI saukuneebis
Sesaxeb arsebuli qarTuli da ucxouri cnobebi Tu bolo periodis
mecnierTa argumentebi. warmodgenil naSromSi gavaanalizebT IV-V
saukuneebis Sesaxeb arsebul masalas:
"qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT, farsman qvelis SviliSvilis
(farsman adamis Zis) Svili amazaspi Tavdapirvelad qarTlis
warmatebuli mefe iyo (savaraudod, 230-265 ww.); igi farsman
qvelis msgavsad sruliad qarTls marTavda, magram mogvianebiT man
daiwyo "mesisxleoba", ris gamoc "moiZules igi erman qarTlisman",
kerZod, amazasps ganudgnen "erisTavni dasavleTisani xuTni: orni
erisTavni egrisisani
egrisisani, erTi oZrxisa, erTi klarjeTisa da erTi
wundisa24" (gv. 57). aSkaraa, rom egrisis or saerisTavoSi nagulisxmevia
mcire egrisi da margveTi.
bolo farnavazianis - asfaguris - Crdilo kavkasiaSi (osebTan
yofnisas) sikvdilis Semdeg (q.c. gv. 62) qarTlis erisTavebma
dampyroblad mosul sparseTis mefes - qasres sTxoves, qarTlis
mefed misi Svili daesva. marTlac, Svidi wlis mirian qasres Ze
(xosroiani) gaxda qarTlis mefe. "da Seiyuares igi yovelTa qarTvelTa
umetes yovelTa mefeTasa. da mefobda esreT mirian mcxeTiT gaRmarT
qarTls, somxiTs, rans, hereTs, movakans da egrs/
egrs/egriss/egris" (gv. 65).
Sdr., iqve: "qarTlis cxovrebis" avtorTa rwmunebiT, mirianis
Zmam bartamma - sparseTis mefem - mirians mefoba ar dauTmo
(mxevalis naSobi xaro). uxucesTa sasamarTlom mefed bartami
datova, magram qarTlis mefe mirians samarTavad gadasca axali
teritoriebi: "jazireTi (mesopotamia - t.f.), Samis (/siriis) naxevari,
adarbadagani. da ese yoveli qarTls, somxiTs, rans, hereTs da
movakans zeda mourTes" (gv. 67) - am SemTxvevaSi ukve egrisi
qarTlSia nagulisxmevi
nagulisxmevi.
Sdr., agreTve, iqve (gv. 70) mematiane gviambobs, rom konstantine
didma daamarcxa sparseTisa da saqarTvelos gaerTianebuli jari,
ris Semdegac mirians CamoarTva samxreTis miwebi da somxiTis
mefes gadasca; kerZod: "ganuCina sazRvari miriansa da Trdats
esreT: romelTa queyanaTa mdinareni dian samxreTiT da mierTvian
raxsa, ese queyanani Trdatis kerZad dayarna; da romlisa queyanisa

24.
wundis saerisTavo (javaxeTi, kola, artaani) erTaderTia e.w. dasavleTis
saerisTavoebs Soris, romlis sazRvrebi Sav zRvamde ar midis. "qarTlis dasavleTi
nawilis erisTavebi" ("sami erisTavi dasavleTi qarTlisa") daCis mefobis dasawyisSic
moixsenieba (q.c.,1955, gv. 204).
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

mdinareni CrdiloT dian da mierTvian mtkuarsa, ese mirianis

kerZad dayarna... da mefobda mirian qarTls, rans, hereTs da
movakans. da aqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamde wylamde".
mirianis mefobisas qarTlis samefoSi saxelmwifo religiad
gamocxadda qristianoba. ramdenadac mirianis samefoSi Sedioda
egrisic (RaliZgamde), logikuria davaskvnaT: egrisSic, sadac
qristianuli Temebi arsebobda mociqulTa droidan, qristianoba
saxelmwifo religiad iqca swored mirianis dros25.
"qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT, ara mxolod mirianis wina
mefeebi, aramed momdevnonic flobdnen egriss egriss.
mefeebic: arCil Trdatis Ze, mirdat arCilisZe da vaxtang
gorgasali.
aSkaraa, "qarTlis cxovrebis" dawvrilebiTi da Tanamimdevruli
cnobebis mixedviT, gorgasalamdec, gorgasalis drosac da Semdegac
(V-VI saukuneebSi) e g r i s - m a r g v e T i i u r i d i u l a d a c d a
faqtobrivadac romis imperiis gareTaa; egris-margveTi qarTlis
nawilia da arsebiT rols asrulebs qarTlis istoriaSi26. am
dros qarTli, Sesabamisad, misi dasavluri saerisTavoebic ufro
iranis gavlenis velSia. am mosazrebas amyarebs IV saukunis romis
imperiis sazRvrebis amsaxveli akademiuri rukac (romelic Seqmnilia
inglisSi)27:

25.
"qarTlis cxovrebis" am pozicias vrceli msjelobiTa da logikuri argumentebiT
amyarebs mitropoliti anania jafariZe (1996, gv. 127-144).
26.
Sesabamisad, mxolod gaugebrobas efuZneba zogi mkvlevris mier "qarTlocentrizmis"
dabraleba "qarTlis cxovrebis" avtorebisadmi.
27.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Roman_empire_395.jpg
 t. futkaraZe

Sdr., sapirispiro daskvnas akeTebs n. lomouri wignSi "egrisis

samefos istoria" (Tb., 1968, gv. 75), sadac igi wers, rom egrisis
samefo romis vasalia.
SevniSnavT, rom IV saukunis "egrisis samefos istoriis"
aRsadgenad (Tu Sesaqmnelad) n. lomouris mier moyvanili metad
fragmentuli berZnuli cnobebi an VI saukunis viTarebas asaxavs,
an avsebs (ar ewinaaRmdegeba!) "qarTlis cxovrebaSi" warmodgenil
Tvalsazriss; mag., V saukunis istorikosis priske panionelis
cnobebi lazikis mefis - gubazis - ajanyebis Sesaxeb TanxmobaSi
mova juanSeris (zogadad, "qarTlis cxovrebis") TvalsazrisTan,
Tuki davuSvebT, rom gubazi basilevsia bizantiis mier
kontrolirebad teritoraze (RaliZgidan biWvinTamde) da ara
mTlianad Sida egrisSi. Sdr., qarTveli mematianis cnobiT, gorgasali
Tavdapirvelad am miwasac ipyrobs da Semdeg ki ukan ubrunebs
bizantias.
Sdr., "qarTlis cxovrebis" informacia gorgasalis epoqis
qarTlis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb (1955, gv. 145-146):
"maSin viTar iqmna vaxtang wlisa aTis, gardamovides ovsni
spani uricxvni, motyuenes qarTli TaviTgan mtkurisaT vidre
xunanamde, da moaoxrnes velni, aramed cixe-qalaqni daurCes, Tvinier
kaspisa. xolo kaspi qalaqi Semusres da tyue yvnes da wariyvanes
dai vaxtangisi miranduxt, sami wlis qali. romel daurCes
warutyvevnelad xevni qarTlisani
qarTlisani: kaxeTi da klarjeTi da egrisi,
Cavles ranisa da movakanisa, wartyunes igica da ganvles kari
darubandisa, rameTu TviT gza sces darubandelTa, da Sevides
ovseTs gasmarjvebulni".
konteqstis mixedviT, qarTlis samefos sami xevi gadaurCa
darbevas: kaxeTi, klarjeTi da egrisi
egrisi; amgvar gagebas adasturebs
sxva epizodic: "xolo aman daCi mefeman iwyo Senebad qarTlisa,
rameTu mooxrebul iyvnes yovelni xevni qarTlisani
qarTlisani, Tvinier
kaxeTisa da klarjeTisa da egrisisa
egrisisa. da ganasrula zRudeni
Tbilisisani, da viTa ebrZana vaxtangs, igi Seqmna saxlad sameufod"
(qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 205)28.
e.i. yvela am epizodiT Cans, rom e.w. Znelbedobis Jamsac ki
lixidan egriswylamde egrisis teritoria qarTlis samefos
nawilia. xolo saqarTvelos momZlavrebis Semdeg qarTlSi moiazreba

28
osTgan qarTlis darbevis epizodi gansxvavebulad esmiT sxva mkvlevrebs; mag.,
mitropolit anania jafariZis azriT, am dros qarTlis samefo dayofili iyo oTx
xevad: 1. xevi qarTlisa (mtkvris saTavidan xunanamde), 2. xevi kaxeTisa, 3. xevi
klarjeTisa, 4. xevi egrisisa (a. jafariZe, 1996, gv. 237); Sdr. r. metrevelis redaqtorobiT
ganxorcielebuli rusuli Targmani (2008, gv. 78, 5-8). vaxtang gorgasalis gardacvalebis
Semdeg daCi uSualod marTavda qarTlis yvela xevs (maT Soris egriss), dasavleT
saqarTvelos sami saerisTavos garda: berZeni colisgan SeZenil Svilebs - mirdatsa
da leons, rogorc erisTavebs, vaxtangma samarTavad misca wunda, klarjeTi da oZrxe
(q.c. 1955, gv. 204-205); maT xvdaT wilad dedis mziTevSi moyolili miwa-wyalic
(RaliZgidan klisuramde); leonis gardacvalebis Semdeg swored es teritoria
gaucvala daCim mirdats (samagierod misca teritoria faravnidan mtkvaramde).
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

egrosis wili mxaris (didi egrisis) Crdilo-dasavleTi nawilis -

afxazeTis - naxevaric (RaliZgidan klisuramde), romelic gorgasalma
colis mziTvad kanonierad miiRo29.
Sdr.: VII-VIII saukuneebSic - stefanozis, mirisa da arCilis
(705-745) mefobis xanaSi - klarjeT-guria-egris-argueTi isev
qarTlis nawilia; ix., mag.: miris anderZi (sadac saxeldeba
qarTlis samefos mxareebi):
qarTlis "naxevari Sen da naxevari maT (qaliSvilebsa da
siZeebs - t.f.). xolo sauxucesod romel mqonda, momicemia Senda,
da gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi,
guria
guria. xolo klarjeTi da Sua mTiuleTi miec asulTa CemTa, raTa
mun Sina iyvnen JamTa amaT borotTa..." aqvea qarTlis mxareebis
(faqtobrivi saerisTavoebis) CamonaTvali:
1. klarjeTi, javaxeTi;
2. TrialeTi, taSiri, aboci;
3. da 4. zena sofeli, romeli arc qarTli (romelic gaiyo
or saerisTavod);
5. kotmaniTgan qurdisxevamde;
6. juari, xereki, yoveli mTiuleTi, manglisis xevi, Tbilisi;
7. afxazeTi - didi egrisis nawili klisuridan yubanis
SesarTavamde (Zveli egrisis es nawilic arCilisadmi leonis
morCilebis gamo qarTlis nawilad iqca): "daemkvidra arCil egriss
vidre Sorapnamde
Sorapnamde" (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 243-244).
maSasadame, qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, VII saukuneSic da
VIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSic iuridiulad qarTlis mefis kuTvnili
miwa-wylis centraluri nawilis - egrisis sazRvrebia: Crdilo-
dasavleTiT - klisura/RaliZga, dasavleTiT - Savi zRva, samxreTiT
- klarjeTi, aRmosavleTiT - Sorapani. "qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT,
romis imperiaSi kanonierad Sedioda egrosis wilis mxaris Crdilo-
dasavleTi nawili (klisuridan yubanis SesarTavamde), romelsac
berZnebi Zvel lazikas uwodeben. swored aq ijda berZeni moxele
Tu adgilobrivi vasali (mag., gorgasalisdroindeli gubazi).
mogvianebiT, lazika samxreT-dasavleTi egrisicaa, romelic
qarTul wyaroebSic WaneTad da xaldiad iwodeba (rizes mxare). am
TvalsazrisiT metad faseulia m. xorenacis cnoba keisar takites
mkvlelobis Sesaxeb: "takitusi Tavisianebma mokles pontoelTa
WaneTSi, ese igi xaldeTSi" (movses xorenaci, 1984, gv. 162, 277);
Sdr. s. yauxCiSvilis Targmani: "takite moklul iqna pontos

29
am miwis istoriaze Tvalis gadevneba merec SeiZleba: vaxtang gorgasalis gardacvalebis
Semdeg daCi uSualod marTavda qarTlis yvela xevs (maT Soris egriss) dasavleT
saqarTvelos sami saerisTavos garda: berZeni colisgan SeZenil Svilebs - mirdatsa
da leons, rogorc erisTavebs, vaxtangma samarTavad misca wunda, klarjeTi da oZrxe
(q.c. 1955, gv. 204-205); maT xvdaT wilad dedis mziTevSi moyolili miwa-wyalic
(RaliZgadan klisuramde); leonis gardacvalebis Semdeg swored es teritoria
gaucvala daCim mirdats (samagierod misca teritoria faravnidan mtkvaramde).
 t. futkaraZe

provincia WaniukSi, ese igi xaltikSi (georgika, 1936, gv. 262,

SeniSvna). Wanikes qveyanas pontoSi moiazrebs ioane malalac (491-
578): "imave takites mefobis dros moxda omi pontoSi da TviT
mefe gaemarTa iq saomrad da is moklul iqna pontos erT qveyanaSi
WanikeSi..." (georgika, 1936, gv. 262).
Sdr., prokopi kesarieli dabejiTebiT wers, rom misi mizania
kolxeTis Sesaxeb wina Taobis istorikosebis areuli cnobebis
dalageba da zustad gadmocema, Wanebisa da lazebis Sesaxeb; am
gancxadebis miuxedavd, misi cnobebi mainc winaaRmdegobrivia; kerZod,
igi erT konteqstSi laparakobs or fazisze, rac bevri gaugebrobis
saTaved iqca; Sdr., mag: "mdinare boasi gamodis sadRac WaneTis
sazRvrebis maxloblad armenielTa adgilebSi... is karga manZilze
marjvniv mimdinareobs. Txelia da araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgens
aravisTvis fonze gasasvlelad vidre im adgilamde, sadac marjvniv
iberTa sazRvrebi aris, xolo pirispir kavkasiis mTa Tavdeba. aq
bevri sxva tomi cxovrobs, maT Soris alanebic da abazebic... mas
Semdeg rac es mdinare miaRwevs im adgilas, sadac kavkasiisa da
iberiis sazRvrebia... nacvlad boasisa, amierodan fazisad wodebuli,
ganagrZobs mdinarebas (gv. 100). garkveulia, rom armenielTa sazRvridan
Woroxi iwyeba. magram Woroxis Sua welSi, sadac marjvena mxares
iberiaa, abazebi da alanebi arasodes cxovrobdnen.
Sdr.: "armeniis adgilebidan pers-armeniaSi rom midixar, marjvniv
aris tavri, mimavali iberiaSi da iq mosaxle xalxebamde, xolo
marcxniv metad daqanebuli, did manZilze gaWimuli gza aris da
aRmarTulia metad cicabo da mudam nisliTa da TovliT dafaruli
mTebi, saidanac gamodis mdinare fazisi da midis kolxeTis qveynisaken.
aq mosaxleobs Wanebis tomi, Tavidanve barbarosebi, romelnic
aravis qveSevrdomebi ar arian, wina xanebSi sanebad wodebuli,
irgvliv mosaxle romaelebis mZarcvelni" (georgika, 1965, gv.53)
Sdr., agreTve, iqve: "ponto iwyeba bizantionidan da mTavrdeba
kolxebis/lazebis qveyanasTan; lazTa qveyana aris iq, sadac evqsinis
ponto mTavrdeba da kavkasiidan momdinare fasisi pontos erTvis
naxevarmTvara napiris SuaSi" (gv. 121-128)30.
lazebis qveyana rionis CrdiloeTi Tu aris, es cnoba
uaxlovdeba qarTveli mematianeebis cnobas, romlis mixedviTac
egrisis Crdilo-dasavleTi nawili (RaliZgis CrdiloeTi) darCa
berZenTa sakuTrebaSi (rionsa da RaliZgas Soris manZili CvenTvisaa
arsebiTi da saintereso, Torem ramdenime aTasi kilometris

30
aqve sainteresoa agaTia sqolastikosis (VI s.) cnobac: "am dros WanTa tomi gaxda
sazrunavi. Wanebi cxovroben evqsinis pontos samxreTiT q. trapezuntis qvemoT;
Tumca es Wanebi ZveliTganve romaelebTan dazavebulni da maTi qveSevrdomni iyvnen,
magram maSin maTi erTi nawili winandel mSvidobian wesebs icavda... umetesi maTgani
ki Seqmnili mdgomareobiT sargeblobda da yaCaRobas misdevda... Tavs esxmoda armeniasac...
amitom maT winaaRmdeg igzavneba Teodore, maTive Tvistomi" (georgika, 1936, gv.181-
182).
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

moSorebiT, imperiis centrSi mjdomi da kavkasiis armcodne

prokopisTvis es ramdenime aTeuli kilometri (baTumidan/foTidan
oCamCiremde) bevrs arafers niSnavda31; ramdenadac fasisi iyo
cnobili mdinare da sazRvradac es daasaxela.
prokofis am cnobebis mixedviT gaugebaria, mainc romeli
fazisidan iwyeba lazikes sazRvari. garda amisa, prokopis droindeli
gubazi berZnebis daxmarebiT raRac periodSi dasavleT saqarTvelos
Tu akontrolebda, es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom gorgasalis
Tanamedrove gubazic amave sivrces flobda. wyaroTa SejerebiT,
ufro logikuri Cans, rom mirianisa da gorgasalis epoqebSi
lazikad miviCnioT teritoria RaliZgis CrdiloeTiT. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, 200 wlis winandel viTarebas naklebad unda asaxavdes
prokopis winaaRmdegobrivi cnobebi.
Sdr., agaTangelosi (IV s.): "wminda grioli... zog [mRvdels]
gzavnida iberTa qveyanaSi, zogs lazTa qveyanaSi" (aq lazeTSi ukve
WaneTi igulisxmeba)32.
Sdr., Tamaris istorikosi: 1204 wels Tamarma berZenTa mefes
waarTva: lazia, trapizoni, limoni, samisoni, sinopi, kerasundi,
kitiora, amastria, araklia... (qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, gv.141-142).
aqve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom qarTvel mefeebs dasavleT saqarTvelos
centraluri nawili da tao-klarjeTi arasodes ucvniaT bizantiis
SemadgenlobaSi, xolo Tu davesesxebiT pavle ingoroyvas, arc
lazeTi/lazia - TurqeTis SemadgenlobaSi (p.ingoroyva, 2003, gv.40).
maSasadame, winaaRmdegobrivi ucxouri wyaroebi ar qmnis myar
safuZvels, rom uZvelesi periodidan moyolebuli vidre ax.w. X
saukunemde d a s a v l e T s a q a r T v e l o qarTlis samefosgan
damoukideblad arsebul e.w. kolxeT-egris-lazikis samefod
gamovacxadoT; qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT ki istoriul periodSi
Zveli/didi egrisi (simbolurad, egrosis wili egrisi) or nawiladaa
warmosadgeni (amgvar mosazrebas mxars uWers ucxouri wyaroebic)33:
• lazika: bizantiis imperiis gavlenis veli (RaliZgis
CrdiloeTi da rizedan trapizonamde miwa-wyali);

31
arada, qarTveli erisTvis swored es sivrcea arsebiTi.
32
arabuli TargmanSi iberiis nacvlad aris misist ad Georgian, xolo lazikis nacvlad
arasworad weria ad regionem Abchazorum (georgika, 1961, gv. 71); unda iyos lazika, an
WaneTi, an xaldia.
33.
Sdr., did egrisSi moiazreba: Sida egrisi (/saegro/odiSi), argueTi (guriac aq
igulisxmeba; Sdr., 1080 wels "dResa ivanobisasa asisforni da klarjeTi zRvis piramdis,
SavSeTi, aWara, samcxe, qarTli, argueTi, samoqalaqo da Wyondidi aRivso TurqiTa" -
q.c. 1955, gv. 319), suaneTi (es termini zogjer faravs egriss; ix. gv.27: "egrisi
svaneTia"; Sdr., quji - egris-svaneTis erisTavi), samoqalaqo, afxazeTi ("qveyana
egriswyalsa da klisuras Sua"), afSileTi, Takueri (leCxumi), Wyondidi, nigali (aq
megrni cxovroben - gv.377), klarjeTi da sxv. Sdr., "somxuri geografiis" (gv.92-93)
mixedviT, kolxeTi (dasavleT saqarTvelos gagebiT), Seicavs oTx qveyanas: manrili,
egrevika, lazivi da WaneTi (xaldebis qveyana).
 t. futkaraZe

• qarTlis samefos saerisTaoebi

saerisTaoebi: egrisi (dasavleT
saqarTvelos centraluri nawili: rionis marjvena mxare klisuramde
da kavkasionidan zRvamde); klarjeTi (samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTvelo
zRvamde), oZrxis nawili - aWara (arsianidan zRvamde) da margveTi
(rionis marcxena mxare klarjeTamde da lixidan zRvamde).
vfiqrobT:
1. "saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebSi", saxelmZRvaneloebsa
Tu enciklopediur cnobarebSi saqarTvelos istoriis "mTavar
kalapotad" ar unda iyos warmodgenili politizebuli
Tvalsazrisi
Tvalsazrisi, rom, TiTqos, uZvelesi droidan VII saukunemde
cal-calke arsebobda egrisisa da qarTlis samefoebi, romelTac
qarTulisgan gansxvavebuli hqondaT saxelmwifo Tu saeklesio
ena, avtoqToni mosaxleobis dedaena, zogadad, kultura;
2. "qarTlis cxovrebis" safuZvelze droulad, axleburad da
politizebis gareSe unda daiweros qarTveli erisa da
saqarTvelos akademiuri istoria; bunebrivia, igi unda dazustdes/
Seivsos sxvaenovani sarwmuno cnobebiTa da lingvistur-eTnologiur-
kulturologiuri Tu arqeolo-giur-anTropologiuri Tanamedrove
kvlevebis SedegebiT.
saqarTvelos istoriis orgvari xedva ar aris gamonaklisi
movlena msoflios masStabiT. rogorc wesi, mocemuli xalxis (Tu
saxelmwifos) istoria ramdenimegvarad iwereba: saxelmwifos lideris
nebis mixedviT (ix., mag., prokopi kesarielis ormagi standarti);
mocemuli saxelmwifos interesebis Sesabamisad; mocemuli saxelmwifos
mezoblis Tu dampyroblis interesebis Sesabamisad; iSviaTad,
akademiurad. radikaluri subieqturobiT gaazrebuli istoria mudam
iqneba mRvrie wyali seriozuli konfliqtebis provocirebisaTvis.
globaluri sainformacio qselis mqone Tanamedrove msoflioSi
ufro iolia, daiweros ama Tu im regionis/saxelmwifos dabalansebuli
da maqsimalurad obieqturi istoria, romelic stabilurobis erT-
erT berketad unda iqces. vfiqrob, dRes ukve SesaZlebelia kavkasiuri
saxelmwifoebis akademiuri wreebis iseTi erToblivi komisiebis
amoqmedeba, romlebic istoriul wyaroTa da dokumentTa SejerebiT
Seqmnian regionis enobrivi, eTnokulturuli da politikuri istoriis
Sesaxeb akademiur samecniero gamokvlevebsa Tu
saxelmZRvaneloebs.
paralelurad, ramdenadac Tanamedrove msoflioSi saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb gabatonebulia ZiriTadad imperiuli an mezoblebis "aTvlis
sistemebidan" danaxuli istoriografiuli xedvebi, aucilebelia,
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier akademiurad ganisazRvros
qarTvelologiis prioritetebi34 da seriozulad dafinansdes
depolitizebuli (arasabWouri) qarTvelologiuri kvlevebisa Tu

34.
jer-jerobiT kritikas ver uZlebs rusTavelis (qarTvelologiis) fondis mier
SerCeuli prioritetebi; rogorc wesi, jerjerobiT am fondisgan finansdeba
araaqtualuri an sxva fondebisgan ukve dafinansebuli proeqtebi (!); araiSviaTad,
xeli esev ewyoba qarTveli eris danawevrebis mastimulirebel proeqtebsac.
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili...

akademiuri istoriuli rukebis Seqmna. aseTi samecniero produqcia

droulad unda ganTavsdes saerTaSoriso qselSi.
aseve, ramdenadac gamoqveynebul rukaTa umravlesoba an imperiul
"xedvas" asaxavs, meore ukiduresobas warmoadgens, saswrafod unda
damzaddes saqarTvelos istoriuli realobis adekvaturi rukebi;
isini droulad unda miewodos akademiur samecniero wreebsa da
saerTaSoriso eqspertebs. unda Seiqmnas agreTve Zveli qarTveli
mematianeebis cnobebis Sesabamisi istoriuli rukebic; mag., "qarTlis
cxovrebis" mixedviT, Zv.w. IV da ax. w. VI saukuneebis saqarTvelos
(qarTlis) ruka daaxloebiT ase unda gamoiyurebodes:

damowmebuli literatura

T. gamyreliZe, v. ivanovi, 1984 - Ò.Ãà ì ê ð å ë è äçå, Â.Èâà í î â ,

Èíäîåâðîïåéñêèé ÿçûê è èíäîåâðîïåéöû, Òá., 1984
georgika, t. 2 gv - georgika (bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb), Tb., 1961, (georgika, 1965,
T. gvancelaZe, 2006 - T. gvancelaZe, enisa da dialeqtis
sakiTxi qarTvelologiaSi, Tb., 2006;
g. grigolia, 1994 - g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefos
saistorio geografiis problemebi, Tb., 1994
b.diasamiZe, 2001 - b.diasamiZe, qristianoba dasavleT
saqarTveloSi, baTumi, 2001
n. lomouri, 1968 - n. lomouri, egrisis samefos istoria
(warmoqmnidan ax.w. V saukunemde), Tb., 1968
n. lomouri, 1970 - saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. II
(dasavleT saqarTvelo [egrisi] IV-V saukuneebSi; n. lomouri), Tb., 1970
o. lanCava, 2007 - o. lanCava, quTaisis arqeologia, quTaisi, 2007
r. metreveli, 2008 - qarTlis cxovreba (r. metrevelis
redaqciiT), Tb., 2008
 t. futkaraZe

d. musxeliSvili, 2004 - d. musxeliSvili, saqarTvelo IV-VIII

saukuneebSi (politikuri istoria da eTnikur-socialuri vitareba),
meore gamocema, Tb., 2004
g, mWedliZe, m. kezevaZe, 2008 - g, mWedliZe, m. kezevaZe, quTais-
gaenaTis eparqia, quTaisi, 2008
m. sanaZe, T. beraZe, k. Tofuria, 2003 - m. sanaZe, T. beraZe, k.
Tofuria, saqarTvelos istoriuli atlasi, 2003
t.futkaraZe, 2005 - t.futkaraZe, qarTvelebi, nawili I,
qristianobamdeli epoqa, quTaisi, 2005;
t.futkaraZe, 2006 - t.futkaraZe, saTave da perspeqtiva qarTuli
samwignobro enisa", Tb., 2006;
t. futkaraZe, 2008 - . t. futkaraZe, qarTvelTa dedaena da
dialeqtebi, quTaisi, 2008,
t. futkaraZe, 2009 - evropuli qartia regionuli an
umciresobis enebis Sesaxeb da saqarTveloSi enobrivi politikis
dagegmvis sakiTxi, kavkasiologiuri seria, V, Tb., 2009
qarTlis cxovreba, 1955 - qarTlis cxovreba (simon yauxCiSvilis
redaaciiT), Tb., 1955
ak. SaniZe, 1981 - ak. SaniZe, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.
jafariZe, 2003 - saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi, Tb., 2003
mitropoliti anania jafariZe 1996 - mitropoliti anania
jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t-I-IV, Tb.,
1996-2003:
m. SeyilaZe, 2004 - m. SeyilaZe, saqarTvelos istoriuli
atlasi, Tb., 2004.

TARIEL PUTKARADZE

THE WEST PART OF THE KARTLI KINGDOM

(EGRISI, SUANETI; MARGUETI, ARGUETI..) OF A.D. I-VI IN TERMS
OF LINGUO-CULTURAL SITUATION (ACCORDING TO GEORGIAN
CHRONICLES )

The controversial ancient Greek and Byzantine sources do not provide strong
evidences to declare the so-called Kolkhis-Egris-Lazika, from the first millennia before
our ear to A.D. 10th century, as an independent kingdom from the Kartli kingdom.
According to the Georgian historical records, as well as to some foreign sources, in
the historical period ancient Egrisi can be presented in two parts:
• Lazika: the realm under Byzantium Empire influence from the Ghalidzga
river north to Trabzon territories.
• Karli Kingdom principalities: Egrisi, (central part of the west Georgia:
The right bank side of the Rioni river to Klisuri and from the Caucasus range to the
Black sea.); Klarjeti (South-western Georgia to the sea), Odzrakhi part – Achara
 I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili...

(from Arsiani mountains to the sea) and Margveti (Left bank side of the Rioni river
to Klarjeti and from Likhi to the sea).
Considering the reality the suggestion is that “Studies of the History of Georgia”,
text books, and encyclopedia articles should not take as their main channel the
politicized viewpoints of some foreign authors who aspire to prove that as if before
the 7th century Egrisi and Kartli kingdoms existed separately from one another and as
if they had different culture from that of the Georgian, one with different formal and
religious languages for autochthonic population. I see it fit that the official history of
Georgia be written according to the Georgian Chronicles, and the historical episodes
and gaps be filled with the trustworthy foreign sources as well as with modern
researches of linguo-ethnologic and culturologic nature and with results of
archaeological and anthropological studies.
The so-called double history is quite a common phenomenon in the world and
it cannot be an exception for Georgia. As rule the history of a country and people
have several variants biased according to the interests of some rulers (e.g. Procopius
double standards); or according to the interests of a given state, or according to
neighboring countries or occupants; and rarely, with truth and academism. The history
understood with radical subjectivism will always remain a “troubled water” for the
provocation of serious conflicts.
In the modern world of the global informational technology it is much easier
to write balanced and as objective as the science allows the a history of the part of
the world or a state which can be used as one of the levers for stability. I hope
nowadays it is possible to organize joint panels of the academic circles of the states
of the Caucasian region who through the collation of historical sources and documents
will create academic works, textbooks about the lingual, ethno-cultural, and political
history of the region.
As long as in the modern world the dominated historiography views about
Georgia’s history is biased from the imperial interests and from the standpoints of
the neighboring countries it is necessary that Georgian government take responsibility
for the academic determination of the Katrvelology priorities and provide reasonable
finances for the depoliticized (non-Soviet) Kartvelology researches and for drawing
up academic historical maps. This sort of scientific production should be provided
for the easy access in the world wide web. At the same time international scientific
circles and experts should be given historical maps drawn according to early Georgian
historians, e.g. approximately of the kind which is drawn on the basis of the
Georgian Chronicles, that shows Georgia (Kartli) in the A.D. I-V centuries.