Flow with Heat addition or heat loss:

M =V /a , (1)
a= RT

(2)

V =M RT

(3)

Mach number is used to classify the speed of a flow (1). One must just know the
speed of sound at the desired condition. We use (2) to find this value, where gamma
is the ratio of specific heats.

= F
p V d A
V

p V d +
t

(4)

We start off with the momentum equation where the triple integral is the unsteady
term for the control volume and the double integral is the control surface. When
steady state is assumed then (3) just becomes

V (p V d A )= F

(4) due to

the unsteady term going to zero.

h=dh+VdV

(5)

dh=c p dT h=c p dT +VdV

F= p+ V 2=constant
P
=
RT

For an ideal gas:

V2
RT
)
p+ pV 2 p
1+

Using (9) and

T =( constant)

(6)

(7)
(8)

p ( 1+ M 2 ) =constant p 1 ( 1+ M 21) = p2 ( 1+ M 22)

(9)

AV we get

2 2
T 2 (1+ M 22 )2
T(1+ M 2)2 T 1 (1+ M 1 )
M2

=
(1+ M 2 )2
M2
M 21
M 22

q=c p ( T 02T 01 ) Ideal gas with constant specific heats (11)

(10)

p 1+ 12
=
p 1+ M 2
2
2
T (1+ ) M
=
T (1+ M 2)2

(12)

(13)

p
( 1+ ) M 2
V T
=
=
p
V
1+ M 2

T o=T 1+

T ( 1+ ) M 2 [2+ ( 1 ) M 2 ]
1 2
M yields o =
2
To
(1+ M 2)2

1 2
po= p 1+
M
2

(14)

)[

(15)

2
P
1+ M 2 2+( 1) M
yields o =
Po
1+
+1

When heat is added to a subsonic flow, the Mach number will approach 1. When a
supersonic flow is cooled after it hits 1, it will speed up.