(measures of dispersion)

.
e-mail: dgs@eap.gr

, 30 2012

(range)

(boxplot)
(outliers)



.
:

( )
( )
( , )
3

 ;;

(1/2)

.


:
, :
,

( )
.
5

 ;;

(2/2)

.
:
1.

2.

 (Range)
Range = xmax xmin ( )
: {4, 4, 4, 4, 50},
Range = 46
{4, 8, 15, 24, 39, 50}, Range = 46
:
:
, .
.
>> .
8

 ( )
(percentiles)
(median).
p-
, ,
, p%
(100-p)%

25-

75-

Q2

Min
Q1

Max
Q3

50

10

Quartiles =

(1/3)

11

(2/3)

12

(3/3)

13

14

600-700

700-800

14

800-900

900-1000

1000-1100

15

(1/3)

600-700

700-800

14

21

800-900

26

900-1000

29

1000-1100

30

30

16

(2/3)

600-700

700-800

14

21

800-900

26

900-1000

29

1000-1100

30

30

17

(3/3)

600-700

700-800

14

21

800-900

26

900-1000

29

1000-1100

30

30

18

Q1
25-

Q3
75-

Q3-Q1

Min

Max
Q2

50

19

 (2/2)

50%

IQR 20

 5
5 5 (five numbers
summary) (boxplot).
1.minimum
2.Q1
3.Q2 ()
4.Q3
5.Maximum

Q1
25-

Min

Q3
75-

Max
Q2

50

21

 (outliers)
,

,

.. ( )

(IQR)

.

22


(box plots)
, :




,

.
23

24

25

 boxplot

26


35 12 23 18
6

58 11 14 53 29 61 45 10

11 32 92 17 17 44

15 12 38 28

27

28

 (Variance)


:
:
:
29

n
1
2
s2
(
x

x
)

i
n 1 i 1

,
30

31

32

:



:

,

.

:
,
.. 33,2 ()2

33

 (standard deviation)

34

 :
( )
)

68%

) 95%

) 99,7%

35

 :
..
,
10% 8%.
:
68%
2% 18 %

95%
-6% 26%

99,7%
-14% 34%

36

 Chebysheff

k ,
1 1/k2 k>1

(
)

37

 , CV

38

 :

.

:

:
39

fi

0 15

71

15 30

37

30 45

13

45 60

60 75

10

75 90

18

90 105

28

105 120

14

40

fi

mi

0 15

71

7.5

15 30

37

22.5

30 45

13

37.5

45 60

52.5

60 75

10

67.5

75 90

18

82.5

90 105

28

97.5

105 120

14

112.5

41

fi

mi

fimi

fimi2

0 15

71

7.5

532.5

3,993.75

15 30

37

22.5

832.5

18,731.25

30 45

13

37.5

487.5

18,281.25

45 60

52.5

472.5

24,806.25

60 75

10

67.5

675

45,562.5

75 90

18

82.5

1485

122,512.5

90 105

28

97.5

2730

266,175

105 120

14

112.5

1575

177.187,5

42

fi

mi

fimi

fimi2

0 15

71

7.5

532.5

3,993.75

15 30

37

22.5

832.5

18,731.25

30 45

13

37.5

487.5

18,281.25

45 60

52.5

472.5

24,806.25

60 75

10

67.5

675

45,562.5

75 90

18

82.5

1485

122,512.5

90 105

28

97.5

2730

266,175

105 120

14

112.5

1575

177.187,5

8790

677,250

200

43

44

:
, ,

:

1.

0 16

2.

50

0 200

68

16 32

160

200 400

73

32 48

110

400 600

101

48 64

80

600 800

89

45

 1:

fi

mi

fimi

mi2

fimi2

0 16

50

400

64

3200

16 32

160

24

3840

576

92160

32 48

110

40

4400

1600

176000

48 64

80

56

4480
13120

3136

250880

400

522240

46

 2:

fi

mi

fimi

mi2

fimi2

0 200

68

100

6800

10000

680000

200 400

73

300

21900 90000 6570000

400 600

101

500

50500 250000 25250000

600 800

89

700

62300 490000 43610000

331

141500

76110000

47