All anti-inflammatory drugs are divided into 2

groups:
(a) Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory) drugs ;
(b) Steroid antiinflammatory drugs
Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs are classified according to
chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity.
I group preparations with strong anti-inflammatory activity
A. Nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)
I. Acid derivatives

1) Derivatives of salicylic (ortho-oxybenzoic) acid

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
Lysine acetylsalicylate
Sodium salicilate
Methyl salicylate

2) Pyrazolone derivatives
Phenylbutazone

3) Derivatives of indole-acetic acid

Indomethacin
Sulindac

Derivatives of phenylacetic acid

Diclofenac Sodium (Voltaren)

Derivatives of propionic acid

Ibuprofen
Ketoptofen
Naproxen

Derivatives of anthranylic acid

Mefenamic acid

Oxicam derivatives
Piroxicam
Tenoxicam
Lornoxicam

II. Non-acidic derivatives

B. Preferential inhibitors of COX2
Meloxicam
Nimesulide
Nabumetone

C. Selective inhibitors of COX2

Celecoxib
Rofecoxib

II group

preparations with poor anti-inflammatory activity

Pyrazolone derivative
Metamizol

Paraaminophenol derivatives
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)

Preparations of other chemical structure

Ketorolac

Antihistaminic drugs blockers of H1-histaminic

receptors:
Drugs of the first generation (old):
Diphenhydramine (Dimedrol)
Promethazine (Diprazine, Pipolphen)
Chloropyramine (Suprastin)
Clemastine (Tavegyl)
Phencarol
Mebhydroline (Diazoline)
Antihistamines of the second generation:
Loratadine (Claritine, Clarotadin)
Acrivastine (Semprex)
Azelastine
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Ebastine (Kestine)
Desloratadine (Aerius)
Fexofenadine (Telfast)

Inhibitors of mast cell and basophile degranulation:

for internal use Ketotifen
for inhalation:
Cromoglicic acid (Intal)
Nedocromil (Tilade)
combined drugs (cromoglicic acid +fenoterol = Ditec)
for local use:
Cromoglicic acid (Ifiral)
Cromohexal

Others drugs with antiallergic action:

glucocorticoids
antileukotriene drugs:
- lipoxygenase blockers: zileuton
- blockers of leukotriene receptors: zafirlukast, montelukast

 FUNCTIONAL ANTAGONISTS OF HISTAMINE:

2-adrenomimetics adrenalin, isadrine, orciprenaline (alupent)
muscarinic receptor blocker: Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
methylxanthines: theophylline, aminophylline (euphylline)
antileukotriene drugs:

lipoxygenase blockers: zileuton

blockers of leukotriene receptors: zafirlukast, montelukast

Classification of analgesics,
I.
II.

Narcotic analgesics
Non-narcotic analgesics

1. Narcotic analgesics containing alkaloids of opium. Among these

are Morphine and Codeine.
1. Synthetic narcotic analgesics.
Trimeperidine (Promedol)
Fentanyl
Piritramide
Pentazocine
Tramadol
Butorphanol
Classification of narcotic analgesics according to their
action on different types of opioid receptors.
A. Full agonists of opioid receptors. They stimulate all types of
opioid receptors. Among these are Morphine, Trimeperidine,
Fentanyl.
B. Partial agonists of opioid receptors. The drugs are also
called agonists-antagonists because they stimulate some
types of opioid receptors and block others. Among these are:
Pentazocine
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine
Buprenorphine
Piritramide
C. Narcotic analgesics with a mixed mechanism of action.
For example,Tramadol.

2.Non-narcotic analgesics of different chemical

groups.
The main non-narcotic analgesics are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAID).

1. Pyrazolone derivatives: Metamizole sodium

2. Paraaminophenol derivatives: Paracetamol
3. Heteroaryl-acetic acid derivatives: Ketorolac
4. Drugs with a high anti-inflammatory activity can be
recommended for the treatment of pain syndrome caused by
inflammation of peripheral tissues.
Among these are Diclofenac, Indometacin, Acetylsalicylic
acid and Meloxicam.
AGENTS ACTING ON FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTIVE APPARATUS
I.

II.

Agents influencing an appetite

a) stimulants of an appetite (bitter stuffs)
b) preparations inhibiting an appetite (anorectics)
Phepranone
Sibutramine
Agents regulating motor (motional) function of GIT
1. Emetics

a) emetic drugs of direct action

Apomorphine
b) emetic drugs of reflex action
preparations of Thermopsis
2. Antiemetics
a) blockers of dopamine receptors of trigger zone of vomiting
centre
Tiethylperazine (Turicam)
Bromopride
Metaclopramide (Cerucal, Reglan)
Domperidone (Mothilium)
c) Blockers of serotonin 5HT3 receptors
Tropisetrone
Ondansetrone
d) drugs of other mechanism of action
M-cholinoblockers (Scopalamine, Aerone)

Antigistaminic drugs (Diprazine, Dimedrol)

3. Preparations increasing tone of smooth muscles and
motility of GIT
Anticholinesterase drug (Proserine)
4. Preparations decreasing tone of smooth muscles and
motility of GIT
Spasmolitics (Papaverine, Drotaverine, Dibazol)
M-chlinergic blockers (Atropine)
Gaglionic blockers (Pirilen, Benzoxexonium)
III. Laxatives
A. Preparations causing mechanical irritation of
mechanoreceptors of mucous coat of intestine
according to nature
1. Salt laxatives
Magnesium sulfate
Sodium sulfate
Mineral salts
2. Preparations swelling in intestine
Laminaria
Bran
Seed of plantain
Linseed
Methylcellulose
Carboxycellulose
Prune
3. Lactulose preparations
Normaze
Duphalac
B. Preparations causing chemical irritation of
chemoreceptors in intestine
1. Preparations containing anthraglycosides
Rhubarb root
Buckthorn bark
Common [purging] buckthorn

Senna leaves
Rhamnil
Antrasennin
Senade
Agiolax

2. Synthetic laxatives
Phenolphtalein
Oxyphenisatine
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
Sodium picosulfate (Guttalax)
3. Castor oil
C. Preparations softening fecal mass and facilitating their travel
through intestine eccoprotic preparations
sunflower-seed oil
almond-oil
olive oil
liquid paraffin
Poloscalpol
D. Carminative agents stimulate passage of gases.
Fennel seeds
Dill seeds
caraway-seeds
aromatic waters (mint, anise, dill)
IV. Antidiareal agents.
a) preparations of specific action acting on pathogenic
organisms (antimicrobial and antibacterial agents)
b) preparations of non-specific action (for symptomatic
therapy) drugs inhibiting intestine peristalsis
Loperamide Immodium)
Attapulgit (Caopectate)
Smecta (Diosmectide)
V. Agents influencing on secretion of GIT

a) stimulators of secretion
Histamine
Pentagastrine
b) agents inhibiting stomach secretion
VI. Antiulcer agents
1. Antacids
a) of systemic action (Sodium hydrocarbonate)
b) of non-systemic action (Magnesium carbonate,
Magnesium sulfate, Calcium carbonate,
Aluminium hydrate)
2. Preparations decreasing secretion of hydrochloric acid
a) histamine H2-receptors blockers:
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Cimetidine
b) proton pump inhibitors (blockers
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
Lansoprazole
c) muscarinic receptor blockers:
nonselective m-cholinoblockers
Atropine

K+ - ATPase):

agents blocking M1-cholinoreceptors mainly

Pirenzepine
3. Gastroprotectors preparations protecting mucous
coat of stomach from lesions
a) Preparations producing mechanical protection of mucous
coat (ulcer surface).
Sucralfat
Bismuth tripotassium dicitrate
b) prostaglandin analogues:
Misoprostol
Enprostil

 Rioprostil
4. Preparations stimulating regeneration of mucous
coat of stomach
a) Preparations received from liquorice
Carbenoxolon
b) synthetic analogue of enkephalins Dalargin
c) preparations of biostimulants
Solcoseril
Methyluracil
Vitamin U
5. Preparation inhibiting chelicobacter pylori

VII.

Metronidazole
Macrolide antibiotics (Clarythromycin, Roxithromycin)
De-nol
hepatotropic agents

A. Influencing on liver function:

bile-expelling preparations are divided into
a) Agents stimulating bile production (choleretica (chole bile,
rheo flow) or cholesecretica).
b) Agents promoting bile excretion (cholagoga (chole bile, ago
turn out) or cholekinetica).
c) Preparations relaxing biliary tracts
d) Preparations thining bile (dilutent)
B. Hepatoprotectors
Silibinin
Essentiale
Corsil
LIV-52
C. Cholelitolitics
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursofalc

 Chenodeoxycholic acid
VIII. Agents used in disorders of excretory function of
pancreas
1. In deficiency of pancreas function substitute therapy is used
Pancreatin enzyme of pancreas
2. Drugs used in increased function of pancreas (acute
pancreatitis) Inhibitors of ptoteolitic enzymes
Aprotinin
Contrical
IX. Drugs regulating balance of intestine microflora (socalled eubiotics)
Lactobacterine
Bifidumbacterine
Bactisuptil
Classification of antianginal drugs: group and
preparations
I. Drugs decreasing the myocardial oxygen demand
1. Nitrates
Short acting: Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, Nitroglycerine)
Long acting: Isosorbide dinitrate (short acting by
sublingual route), Isosorbide mononitrate, Erythrityl
tetranitrate, Penta erythritol tetranitrate
2. Nitrites closed to nitrates on mechanism of action:
Amylnitrite, Sodium nitrite
3. - adrenoceptor blockers: Propranolol, Metoprolol,
Atenolol, Nebivolol etc.
4. Calcium channel blockers. They decrease the myocardium
functions and so the myocardial oxygen consumption too.
Phelyl alkylamine: Verapamil
Benzothiazepine: Diltiazem
Dihydropyridines: Nifedepine, Felodipine, Amlodipine,
Nitrendipine, Nimodipine, Lacidipine
5. Potassium channel opener - Nicorandil
II. Drugs increasing oxygen delivery to the myocardium:

They are less effective and so less popular and used rare.
1. Validol the drug of reflex action, it is used for relief of
angina pectoris symptoms
2. 2- adrenoceptor agonists: Oxyphedrine
3. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase
4. Coronary vasodilating drugs with adenosine mechanism of
action.
They increase adenosine concentration in the myocardium,
dilate collateral vessels Dipyridamole
III. Inhibitors of platelet aggregation - Aspirin
(acetylsalicylic acid) in small doses up to 100 mg in a day
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
Group I - neurotropic drugs of central action
1) 2-adrenomimetics
Clonidine , Methyldopa , Guanfacine
2) Agonist of imidazoline receptors
Moxonidine , Rilmenadine
Group II - neurotropic drugs of peripheral action
1) Ganglionic blockers
Hexamethonium Benzosulfonate
Trepirium Iodide (Hygronium)
2) Sympatholytics
Reserpine
Guanethidine Sulfate
Combined preparations:
Adelphan , Brinerdin , Crystepin
3) selective 1adrenoceptor antagonist
a) short term acting drug Prazosin
b) long term acting drug Terazosin, Doxazosin,
Bunazosin
4) -adrenoceptor antagonist
1 generation 1- 2- adrenoceptor antagonists
Propranolol , Pindolol , Bopindolol , Nadolol

2 generation cardioselective 1- adrenoceptor antagonists

Metoprolol , Atenolol , Bisoprolol , Talinolol
3 generation
nonselective Carvedilol, Busindolol
selective - adrenoceptor antagonists with vasodilating
properties
Nebivolol
Group III drugs of myotropic action
1) Blockers of calcium channel
L-type - Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Diltiazem
T-type - Mibefradil
2) Potassium channel activators
Minoxidil
Diazoxide
3) Nitrosovasodilators
Sodium Nitroprusside
Molsidomine
4) Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase
Dibasol
Papaverine
5) Others
Hydrolazine
Magnesium sulfate
Group IV drugs acting on renin- angiotensin system
1) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Benazepril
Ramipril
Perindopril
2) Angiotensin II antagonists
Losartan
Valsartan
Candesartan
Group V diuretics

 Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide (Lasix)

Spironolactone
CLASSIFICATION OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
A. According to nature
1) Dihydropyridine derivatives
Nifedipine
Nicardipine
Felodipine
Lacidipine
Nimodipine
Nitrendipine
Felodipine
Amlodipine
Isradipine
They more influence on artery tone then on myocardium.
2) Benzothiazepine derivatives
Diltiazem
Equal influence both artery and myocardium.
3) Phenylalkylamine derivatives
Verapamil
Influence on myocardium is greater then on arteries. So it is used
in arrhythmia and coronary heart disease.
According to generation
Generation 1(short term action)
Nifedipine
Nicardipine
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Generation 2(prolonged forms of preparations of generation I,
retard-forms or new compounds with long time of action)
Isradipine
Nimodipine

Generation III
Amlodipine

Lacidipine
Antihypotensive drugs.
Hypotension (low blood pressure) can be acute and chronic.
Acute hypotension is observed in collapse, shock and faint. Chronic
hypotension is characterized by permanent low arterial blood
pressure.
For the treatment of
hypotension depending on its cause the following groups of
preparations are used.
1. Vasoconstrictive agents:
a) Agonists of angiotensin II
Angiotensinamide (synthetic analogue of endogenous
angiotensinamide).
It is manufactured in the form of powder in vials. It is dissolved
ex tempore and administered intravenously. Angiotensinamide has
short-time but vigourous action.
b) Adrenoceptor agonists (mainly - adrenoceptor agonists)
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
They are non-selective - adrenoceptor agonists.
Mesaton selective ones.
c) Sympathomimetics
Ephedrine
It stimulates noradrenaline release from presynaptic
membrane.
All the drugs are mainly used in acute hypotension.
d) Glucocorticoids
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone

They are used in acute hypotension as they increase

adrenoreceptor sensitivity to catecholamines, decreases
penetrability of vessels.
2. Agents increasing cardiac output (improving heart
function). They are used in case of shocks, in postoperative
period.
a) Dopamine receptor agonists
Dopamine hydrochloride
It stimulates heart function and increases tone of vessels and
used in cardiogenic shock, traumatic shock.
b) -adrenomometics
Dobutamine
c) Cardiac glycosides
3. Analeptics. They stimulate both tone of vessels and
myocardium function.
Caffeine
Cordiamin (Nikethamide)
Camphor preparations
4. General tonic (general stimulants) they increase a tone
of CNS.
Ginseng
Aralia
Devil's-club
Schizandra
Tinctures from the plants are used in chronic hypotension
conditions.
5. If hypotension is due to loss of blood then preparations
increasing volume of blood circulation - plasma-substituting
solutions, colloid solutions, crystalloid solutions (salt
solutions).
Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs, their groups and
preparations.
I. Drugs blocking ion channels of cardiac hystiocytes
(conducting system of heart and contractile myocardium)

1. Drugs blocking sodium channels (membrane

stabilizers; group IA)
Subgroup IA (quinidine and quinidine like drugs):
Quinidine sulfate

Disopyramide

Procainamide

Ajmaline

Subgroup IB:
Lidocain

Phenytoin

Subgroup IC:
Flecainide

Propafenone

Ethmosine

Ethacizine

2. Drugs blocking L-type of calcium channels (group

IV)
Verapamil

Diltiazem

3. Drugs blocking potassium channels (drugs

increasing repolarization duration and action
potential; group III)
Amiodaron (Cordaron)

Ornid

Sotalol

II. Drugs mainly influencing on receptors of heart

efferent innervation
Drugs weakening adrenergic influences:
- adrenergic blockers
Anaprilin and etc.
Drugs increasing adrenergic influences:
- adrenergic agonists
Isoprenaline
sympathomimetics
Ephedrine
Drugs weakening cholinergic influences:
muscarinic receptor blocker

Atropine sulfate
III. Different drugs having antiarrhythmic activity
Potassium and magnesium drugs
glycosides
Adenosine

Cardiac

Antiarrhythmic drugs are also classified into following

groups:
A. Drugs used in tachyarrhythmia and extrasystoles

Drugs blocking sodium channels

Drugs blocking calcium channels

Drugs blocking potassium channels

- adrenergic blockers

Cardiac glycosides (digitalis drugs)

Adenosine

Potassium and magnesium drugs

B. Drugs used in bradyarrhythmia and conduction
abnormality

Muscarinic receptor blocker

- adrenergic agonists
Classification of antibiotics (groups and drugs)
I. (Beta) - lactam antibiotics
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
II. Macrolides and azalides
III. Aminoglycosides
IV. Tetracyclines
V. Polymyxins
VI. Lincosamides
VII. Rifampicins
VIII. Glycopeptides

IX. Polyene antibiotics

X. Others: Chloramphenicol, Fosfomycin, Fusidic acid, Ristomycin,
Gramicidin

Biosynthetic penicillins can be classified into:

1. Drugs with a short-term action:
Benzylpenicillin: benzylpenicillin-sodium;
benzylpenicillin- potassium
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin
2. Drugs with a long-term action:
Benzylpenicillin-procaine
Benzathine benzylpenicillin (bicillin-1, extencillin)
Bicillin-3 (benzylpenicillin-potassium + benzylpenicillinprocaine + benzathine benzylpenicillin in equal
quantities)
Bicillin-5 (1 part of benzylpenicillin-procaine, 4 parts of
benzathine benzylpenicillin)
Semisynthetic penicillins: drugs and their
pharmacological features.
Semisynthetic penicillins can be classified into:
I.

II.

Penicillinase resistant penicillins:

Methicillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Flucloxacillin
Nafcillin
Extended spectrum penicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Hetacillin
Talampicillin
Pivampicillin

III.

Penicillins acting on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (blue pus

bacillus)
a) Carboxypenicillins: Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Carfecillin
b) Ureidopenicillins: Piperacillin, Azlocillin, Mezlocillin
Cephalosporins are subdivided into following generations.
I. First generation:
1. Parenteral: Cephalothin, Cefazolin
2. Oral: Cephalexin, Cefadroxil
II. Second generation:
1. Parenteral: Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, Cefamandole
2. Oral: Cefaclor, Cefuroxime axetil
III. Third generation:
1. Parenteral:
Cefotaxime,
Ceftriaxone,
Cefoperazone, Cefoperazone/sulbactam
2. Oral: Cefixime, Ceftibuten
IV. Fourth generation:
Parenteral: Cefepime, Cefpirome

Ceftazidime,

Modes of
manufacturing

Fourteenmembered

Natural
macrolides

Erythromycin
Oleandomycin

Semisynthetic
macrolides

Roxithromycin
Clarithromycin

Fifteenmembered

Sixteenmembered
Spiramycin
Josamycin
Midecamycin

Azithromycin

Midecamycin
acetate

Classification:
1. Aminoglycosides of the 1st generation: Streptomycin,
Kanamycin, Neomycin
2. Aminoglycosides of the 2nd generation: Gentamycin,
Tobramycin, Netilmicin
3. Aminoglycosides of the 3rd generation: Amikacin

Quinolones and fluoroquinolones:

1. Drugs of the 1st generation: non-fluorinated
quinolones
Nalidixic acid
Oxolinic acid
Pipemidic acid
2. Drugs of the 2nd generation:
Ciprofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Pefloxacin
Lomefloxacin (2 F)
3. Drugs of the 3rd generation:
Levofloxacin
Sparfloxacin
Temafloxacin (3F)
Enoxacin
Tosufloxacin
Fleroxacin
Rufloxacin
4. Drugs of the 4th generation:
Moxifloxacin
Clinafloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Trovafloxacin (3F)
1. Classification of antituberculous drugs (groups and
medicines).
According to their chemical structure antituberculous
drugs can be divided into:
I.

II.

Antituberculous antibiotics:
Rifampicin
Rifabutin
Capreomycin
Cycloserine
Streptomycin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Hydrazides of isonicotinic acid:

III.

IV.

V.

VI

Isoniazid
Metazide
Opiniazide
Ftivazide
Derivatives of para-aminosalicylic acid:
Para-aminosalicylic acid
Synthetic drugs with other chemical structure:
Pyrazinamide
Ethionamide
Ethambutol
Thiacetazone
Fluoroquinolones:
Lomefloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Macrolides :

Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
According to their clinical utility antituberculous
drugs can be divided into:

I. Drugs of first line: These drugs have high antitubercular

efficacy as well as low toxicity; are used routinely
Streptomycin
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
II. Drugs of second line: These drugs have either low
antitubercular efficacy or high toxicity or both; are used in
special circumstances only.

Capreomycin
Cycloserine
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Para-aminosalicylic acid
Lomefloxacin

Classification of antifungal drugs:

According to their chemical structure drugs are divided into
following groups:
I.
Antifungal antibiotics:
A.
Polyenes: Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Natamycin
B.
Heterocyclic benzofurans: Griseofulvin
II.
Synthetic antifungal drugs:
A. Azoles:
1. Imidazole derivatives: Clotrimazole, Econazole, Miconazole,
Ketoconazole, Oxiconazole
2. Triazole derivatives: Fluconazole, Intraconazole
B. Allylamines: Terbinafine, Naftifine
C. Thiocarbamates: Tolnaftate
D. Nitrophenol derivatives: Nitrofungin
E. Derivatives of undecylenic acid: ointment Zincundan,
ointment Undecin
F. Antifungal drugs with other chemical structure:
1. Dequalinium chloride (Decamin)
2. Iodine drugs: alcohol solution of Iodine, potassium iodide
3. Drugs of salicylic acid
I. Synthetic antiviral drugs:
1. Adamantane derivatives:
Amantadine
Rimantadine
2. Nucleoside analogs:
Zidovudine (AZT)
Acyclovir
Valaciclovir
Vidarabine
Ganciclovir
Idoxuridine
3. Drugs with other chemical structure:
Arbidol
Oxolin

 Tebrophen
Bonaphton
Florenal
II. Drugs of a biological origin:
1. Interferons:
Interferon alfa ()
Interferon alfa-2a
Interferon alfa-2b
Interferon beta ()
Interferon gamma ()
2. Drugs of a herbal origin:
Flacosid
Alpisarin
Helepin
Gossypol
According to their clinical utility antiviral drugs are classified into:
I. Anti-influenza drugs:
a) Adamantane derivatives:
Amantadine
Rimantadine
b) Inhibitors of viral neuraminidase:
Zanamivir
Ozeltamivir
c) Inducers of interferon synthesis:
Arbidol
II. Anti-herpes drugs:
1. Nucleoside analogs:
Acyclovir
Valaciclovir
Famciclovir
Idoxuridine
Ganciclovir
2. Inducers of interferon synthesis:
Cycloferon

III. Drugs used for the treatment of HIV:

1. Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase:

a) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Zidovudine (AZT)
Didanozine
Stavudine
Lamivudine
Zalcitabine
b) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nevirapine
Efaverenz
2. Protease inhibitors:
Saquinavir
Indinavir
Amprenavir
Ritonavir
IV. Drugs used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus
infections:
1. Nucleoside analogs:
Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir
2. Foscarnet
V. Antiviral drugs with an extended spectrum of action
(nonselective antiviral drugs):
Ribavirin
Lamivudine
Interferons: Interferon , etc
There are drugs which increase resistance of body cells to an action of viruses
(nonselective antiviral drugs). Among these are:
Interferons: Interferon alfa (), Interferon alfa-2a, Interferon alfa-2b,
Interferon beta (), Interferon gamma ()
Inducers of interferon synthesis: Arbidol, Poludan, Neovir
(Cridanimod), Cycloferonum (Methylglucamine acridonacetate),
Immunomodulators: Imunofan, Licopid, Levamisole, Polyoxydonium

1. Classification of antiprotozoal drugs.

I. Drugs used for the treatment and prevention of malaria.
Chloroquine (chingamin)
Pyrimethamine (chloridin)
Mefloquine
Quinine
Primaquine
Sulfonamides: Sulfadoxine
Tetracyclines: Tetracycline, Doxycycline
II. Drugs used for the treatment of amebiasis.
Metronidazole
Emetine
Tetracyclines: Tetracycline, Doxycycline
Chloroquine
Iodoquinol
III. Drugs used for the treatment of lambliasis.
Metronidazole
Furazolidone
Aminochinole
IV. Drugs used for the treatment of trichomoniasis.
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Trichomonacide
Furazolidone
V. Drugs used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
Pyrimethamine (chloridin)
Sulfadimidine (Sulfadimesine)
VI. Drugs used for the treatment of balantidiasis.
Tetracyclines
Monomycin
Chiniofone
VII. Drugs used for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Solyusurmin

Sodium stibogluconate
Metronidazole
Pentamidine
Meglumine antimonite

According to localization of amoebas, antiamoebic

drugs can be divided into:
A. Antiamoebic drugs (amoebicides) used for the treatment of
intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis.
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Ornidazole
B. Amoebicides (with direct action) which are effective against
amoebas localized within lumen of the large intestine.
Chiniofon
Iodoquinol
C. Amoebicides (with indirect action) which are effective against
amoebas localized within lumen of the large intestine and in
intestinal wall.
Tetracyclines
D. Tissue amoebicides acting on amoebas localized in intestinal
wall and in the liver.
Emetine
Dehydroemetine
E. Tissue amoebicides effective against amoebas localized in the
liver.
Chloroquine

Classification of antihelmintic drugs:

Antihelmintic drugs can be classified into:

I.
Drugs used for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasises.
1. Drugs used for the treatment of intestinal nematodosises
Levamisole
Pyrantel pamoate
Mebendazole

 Albendazole
Piperazine adipate
Pyrvinium embonate
Bephenium hydroxynaphthoas
2. Drugs used for the treatment of intestinal cestodosises.
Mebendazole
Albendazole
Praziquantel
Aminoacrichine
Niclosamide
II. Drugs used for the treatment of abenteric helminthiasises.

1. Drugs used for the treatment of abenteric

nematodosises.
Diethylcarbamazine (ditrazine citrate)

1.Drugs used for the treatment of abenteric

cestodosises
Albendazole
Praziquantel

2.Drugs used for the treatment of abenteric

trematodosises

Praziquantel
Chloxyl
Antimonyl Na- tartrate
Emetine
Diethylcarbamazine (ditrazine citrate)

Classification of antineoplastic drugs:

I. Aalkylating agents:
Chlorethylamines: Cyclophosphamide,
Chlorbutin, Dopane, Sarcolysine (merphalan)
Ethylenimine: Thiotepa (thiophosphamide)
Derivatives of methanesulfonic acid: Myelosan
Nitrosoureas: Nitrosourea, Lomustine,
Carmustine, Nimustine
Triazines: Dacarbazine, Procarbazine

 Drugs containing Platinum: Cisplatin, Carboplatin

II. Antimetabolites:
Antagonists of folic acid: Methotrexate
Purine antagonists: Mercaptopurine
Pyrimidine antagonists: 5-Fluorouracil, Phthorafur,
Cytarabine
III. Antineoplastic antibiotics:
Actinomycins: Dactinomycin
Anthracyclines: Rubomycin, Doxorubicin,
Carminomycin
Phleomycins: Bleomycin
Drugs with other chemical structure: Olivomycin,
Mitomycin, Rufocromomycin
IV. Vegetable antineoplastic drugs:
Vinca alkaloids: Vincristine, Vinblastine
Taxanes (alkaloids of Western yew tree): Paclitaxel,
Docetaxel
Epipodophyllotoxin: Etoposide, Tenyposide
Alkaloids of showy autumn crocus: Colchamine,
Colchicine
V. Enzymatic drugs: L-Asparaginase
VI. Hormones and their antagonists:
Androgens: Testosterone propionate, Medrotestrone
propionate, Tetrasterone
Estrogens: Ethinylestradiol, Fosfestrol,
Diethylstilbestrol
Gestagens: Hydroxyprogesterone,
Medroxyprogesterone
Antiestrogens: Tamoxifen, Toremifene
Antiandrogens: Flutamide, Cyproterone
Antagonists of hypothalamic hormone stimulating
release of gonadotropic hormone: Goserelin,
Leiprorelin

 Aromatase inhibitors: Letrozole

Glucocorticoids: Prednisolone, Dexamethasone
VII. Cytokinins:
Interferons: Interferon alfa
Interleukins: Interleukin-2
Derivatives of purine alkaloids (caffeine, theobromine) increase cerebral blood
flow. From this drug group Pentoxyphylline (Agapurin, Trental) is used now for
stroke treatment. It takes moderate vasodilating action, decreases platelet
aggregation, increases erythrocyte
membrane elasticity and improves
microcirculation. The vasodilating effect is due to the adenosine receptor block.
Besides the drug inhibits phosphodiesterase and increases the cyclic adenosine
monophosphate contents in platelets. Pentoxyphylline is also used in peripheral
circulation disorders, diabetic angiopathy, eye blood flow disorders. Adverse
effects include dyspepsia, dizziness, redness.

Classification of drugs influencing tone and contractions of

myometrium
A. AGENTS INCREASING STRENGTH AND FREQUENCY OF
RHYTHMIC CONTRACTION OF UTERUS (DELIVERY
STIMULATING)
I. Neurotropic agents
1) M-cholinomimetics
Acetylcholine
Carbachol
2) Anticholinergic drugs
Neostigmine
3) Ganglion-blocking agents
Pachycarpine hydroiodide
Hexamethonium benzosulfonate
Azamethonium bromide
Pempidine tosylate
4) Dopaminomimetics

 Levodopa
5) -adrenomimetics
Noradrenalin
6) -adrenoblockers
Propranolol
7) Serotonin receptor agonists
Serotonin adipinate
8) Agonists of histamine receptors
Histamine
II. Hormonal preparations
1) Preparations of posterior pituitary
Demoxytocin
Oxytocin
Pituitrin
2) Prostaglandins
Dinoprostone (prostaglandine E2 preparation)
Dinoprost (prostaglandin F2 preparation)
3) Estrogenic hormones
Steroid
Esrone
Estradiol
Estradiol dipropionate
Nonsteroid synthetic
Hexestrol
Diethylstilbestrol
4) Corticosteroid hormones
Cortisone acetate
III. Cyclic nucleotides
cGMP
IV. Calcium salts
Calcium chloride
B. AGENTS INCREASING TONE OF MYOMETRIUM
Ergot alkaloids

 Ergometrine
Ergotamine
Methylergometrine
Preparations of other plants
Capsella bursa-pastoris (caseweed) fluid extract
(herb)
Polygonum hydropiper (water pepper) fluid extract
(herb)
Nettle fluid extract (leaves)
Arnica infusion (flowers)
C. AGENTS INHIBITING CONTRACTILITY AND TONE OF
MYOMETRIUM (TOCOLYTICS)
I. Neurotropic agents
1) M-cholinoblocking agents
Atropine
Platiphylline
Metocinium iodide
2) -adrenoblocking agents
Phentolamine
Tropodifene hydrochloride
3) 2-adrenomimetics
Orciprenaline
Salbutamol
Fenoterol (Partusisten)
Terbutaline
Hexoprenaline (Gynipral)
Isoxuprine
Ritodrine
4) GABA-ergic agents
Sodium oxybutirate
Gamma aminobutyric acid (Picamolonum)
Hopatenic acid (Pantogam)
5) Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis
Indomethacin
Ibuprofen

 Mefenamic acid
Diflunisal
6) Hormonal gestagenic preparations
Progesterone
Oxyprogesterone capronate
Allylestrenol (Turinal)
7) Myotropic spasmolitics (inhibitors of
phosphodiesterase)
Theophylline
Aminophylline
Papaverine
Drotaverine
Pentoxifylline (trental)
8)Magnesium salts
Magnesium sulphate
IV. AGENTS DECREASING TONE OF NECK OF UTERUS
Atropine sulfate
Dinoprost
Dinoprostone