Who are the Citizens of the Philippines?

A Filipino citizen may be considered natural-born or naturalized citizen. Both statuses

bestow upon the individual certain privileges and exclusive rights such as the rights to vote,
to run for public, etc. which may be denied the foreigner.
NATURAL-BORN FILIPINO
Art. IV, sec. 2 of the 1987 Constitution defines the NATURAL-BORN Filipino citizens as:
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this (1987)
Constitution
2. those whose fathers OR mothers are citizens of the Philippines and
3. those born before January 7, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority.
Even if the child is born to an alien father and a Filipino mother, the Filipino citizenship of
the mother will bestow natural-born Philippine citizenship upon the child PROVIDED his birth
occurred on or after January 17, 1973 (date of ratification of the 1973 Constitution), otherwise
he followed the citizenship of the alien father and acquired at best only an inchoate Philippine
citizenship which he could perfect by election upon attaining majority age. EXCEPT if he is
born out of lawful wedlock, in which case, he will be considered a Filipino by virtue of his
mothers citizenship.
In addition, only natural-born citizens are allowed to hold constitutional offices such as the
office of the President; Senators; Members of the House of Representatives; Members of the
Supreme Court; and the Chairman and Commissioners of the Constitutional Commissions
(Civil Service Commission, COMELEC and the Commission on Audit).
NATURALIZED FILIPINO
Naturalization takes place either voluntarily by complying both the substantive and
procedural requirements of the general naturalization law or by operation of law. This process
may be direct or derivative.
Under the Commonwealth Act 473, a foreigner who is not married to a Filipino but seeks to
acquire Philippine citizenship is required to have lived in the Philippines for a continuous
period of NOT LESS than ten (10) years. The said period shall be reduced to five (5) years if
he is being married to a Filipino. Other prescribed qualifications pertain to the age, moral,
occupational, language and educational qualifications of the petitioner.
However, naturalization shall be subject to the Rule of Reciprocity, hence, the alien
petitioner must prove by evidence that the laws of his country grant Filipinos the right to be
naturalized.