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Drake - Elkin Method-Base Plate Design
Drake - Elkin Method-Base Plate Design
Drake - Elkin Method-Base Plate Design
LRFD Method
RICHARD M. DRAKE and SHARON J. ELKIN
INTRODUCTION
It is common design practice to design a building or structure beam-column with a moment-resisting or fixed base.
Therefore the base plate and anchor rods must be capable
of transferring shear loads, axial loads, and bending moments to the supporting foundation.
Typically, these beam-column base plates have been
designed and/or analyzed by using service loads1 or by
approximating the stress relationship assuming the compression bearing location.2 The authors present another
approach, using factored loads directly in a method consistent with the equations of static equilibrium and the LRFD
Specification.3
The moment-resisting base plate must have design
strengths in excess of the required strengths, flexural (Mu ),
axial ( Pu ), and shear (V u ) for all load combinations.
A typical beam-column base plate geometry is shown
in Figure 1, which is consistent with that shown on page
11-61 of the LRFD Manual.4
where:
B base plate width perpendicular to moment direction, in.
N base plate length parallel to moment direction, in.
b f column flange width, in.
d overall column depth, in.
f anchor rod distance from column and base plate
centerline parallel to moment direction, in.
m base plate bearing interface cantilever direction
parallel to moment direction, in.
m
N 0.95d
2
(1)
B 0.80b f
2
(2)
tf
d
2
2
(3)
The progression of beam-column loadings, in order of increasing moments, is presented in four load cases.
Case A is a load case with axial compression and shear,
without bending moment. This case results in a full length
uniform pressure distribution between the base plate and
the supporting concrete. This case is summarized in the
LRFD Manual4 beginning on page 11-54 and is summarized herein for completeness.
Case B evolves from Case A by the addition of a small
bending moment. The moment changes the full length
uniform pressure distribution to a partial length uniform
pressure distribution, but is not large enough to cause separation between the base plate and the supporting concrete.
Case C evolves from Case B by the addition of a specific bending moment such that the uniform pressure distribution is the smallest possible length without separation
29
Mu 0
Mu
Pu
Pu 0
0 Mu
30
0e
(4)
Pu N
6
N
6
Y N 2e
e
where:
Y bearing length, in.
N Y
2
(5)
e
0
Mu
Pu
0 Mu
e
Pu N
6
2
N
3
(4)
Pu N
Mu
6
N
e
6
(7)
N
6
Y N 2e N 2
Y
(4)
Mu
Pu
6
N
(8)
(LRFD J9-1)
31
A2
A2
(LRFD J9-2)
Y ( N 2 e)
Pu (0.60)(0.85) fcBY
A2
1
Pu qY
where:
(8)
(9)
A2
1
(0.60)(0.85) fcB(2)
A2
1
1.02 fcB
(10)
A2
(0.60)(0.85) fcBN (2)
A1
Pu qN
(12)
A1 BY
For most column base plates bearing directly on a concrete foundation, the concrete dimension is much greater
than the base plate dimension, and it is reasonable to
A2
assume that the ratio
2. For most column
A1
base plates bearing on grout or a concrete pier, the concrete (grout) dimension is equal to the base plate dimension, and it is reasonable to conservatively take the ratio
A2
1.
A1
Pu (0.60)(0.85) fcBN
P u q( N 2 e )
A2
c 0.85 fcB(2)
A1
q 0.51 fcB
32
(11)
Pu (0.60)(0.85) fcBY
Pu 0.51 fcB
2
N
3
BY
A2
(6)
3 N B 2 N 1.02 f B 3 N
3
2
A2
Pu 0.667qN
M u P u ( e) P u
(13)
6
N
Mu 0.111qN 2
(14)
c P p c 0.85 fcBY
e
Mu
Pu
A2
1
qY
(15)
(4)
Two equations will be needed to solve for the two unknowns, the required tensile strength of the anchor rods,
T u , and bearing length, Y .
To maintain static equilibrium, the summation of vertical force must equal zero:
Fvertical 0
T u Pu c P p 0
V ub Fv Ab
(21)
T ub Ft Ab
(22)
T u qY Pu
(16)
c P p
2 2 f P (e f ) 0
N
q f
N
Y Pu ( e f ) 0
2
Ft 59 1.9 fv 45
Ft 117 1.5 fv 90
(17)
qY N
qY 2
qY f Pu (e f ) 0
2
2
q
(18)
aY bY c 0
Y
q f N2
Y f
V ub
Fv
Ab
T ub
Ft
fv
(23)
2a
For A325 bolts when threads are excluded from the shear
plane:
Fv 60 ksi
q f N2 4 2q [ Pu ( f e)]
N
2
2 P u ( f e)
q
(20)
(16)
2 2 f P (e f ) 0
Y
(Table J3.2)
(Table J3.2)
Required Strength
The shear stress ( fv ) is calculated considering the required
shear strength of the column base.
2 2q
T u qY Pu
V ub
Ab
Fv 24 ksi
qY
fv
b b2 4ac
(19)
(Table J3.5)
where:
(Table J3.5)
N
Y
qY
f Pu ( e f ) 0
2
2
2 Y
(17)
fv
V ub
v A b
(24)
where:
v number of rods sharing shear load, unitless
Note that all the base plate anchor rods are considered
effective in sharing the shear load.
Practical Design Procedure Rod Sizes
V ub
Vu
0.75Fv Ab
v
(25)
33
Ft 59 1.9
T ub
Tu
t
V ub
45
Ab
(26)
m2
2
M pl f p
0.75Ft Ab
(27)
where:
(28)
34
(30)
where:
f p concrete bearing stress, ksi
The bearing pressure may cause bending in the base plate
in the area between the flanges, especially for lightly loaded
columns. Yield line theory8,9 is used to analyze this consideration.
n
db f
M pl f p
( n)2
2
(31)
(32)
c2
2
(33)
where:
n yield line theory cantilever distance from column
web or column flange, in.
c largest base plate cantilever, in.
Note that for most base plate geometries, the cantilever
dimension ( n) is very small and corner bending of the
base plate is neglected. When the dimension is large to
accommodate more anchor rods or more bearing surface,
corner bending plate moments should be considered and
used in the base plate thickness calculations.
(LRFD F1-1)
where:
M pl
b
Mn
Mp
n2
2
M pl f p
Note that all of the base plate anchor rods are not considered effective in sharing the tension load. For most base
plate designs, only half of the anchor rods are required to
resist tension for a given load combination.
The embedment, edge distances, and overlapping shear
cones of the anchor rods into the concrete must be checked
to assure that the design tensile strength also exceeds the
required tensile strength. This check should be in accordance with the appropriate concrete design specification,
and is beyond the scope of this paper.3,6
It should be noted that base plate holes are often oversized
with respect to the anchor rods. In this case, some slippage
may be necessary before the anchor rod shear limit state
is reached. For large shear loads, the designer may choose
to investigate alternate shear transfer limit states involving
pretensioned bolts,7 friction and/or shear lugs.
(29)
Tu x
B
(34)
Nominal Strength
For a unit width of base plate:
Mn M p
t 2p
Fy
4
(35)
Pu
BY
t p(req) 2.11
(36)
Tu x
(45)
BYF
Pu
(46)
y
If Y m:
BF
If Y m:
t p(req) 1.49c
fp
(44)
(LRFD F1-1)
t 2p
c2
0.90
Fy
2
4
t p(req) 1.49c
fp
(28)
Mn M p
fp
t p(req) 2.11
Pu m
Y
2
BF y
(47)
DESIGN EXAMPLE 1
(28)
t 2p
Tu x
0.90
Fy
4
B
t p(req) 2.11
Tu x
BF y
(37)
Pu
BN
t p(req) 1.49c
(38)
BNF
Pu
(39)
y
Pu
Pu
BY
B( N 2 e)
t p(req) 1.49c
Pu
B ( N 2 e )F y
(40)
Required:
(41)
1.5 Pu
Pu
Pu
BY
BN
B 23 N
t p(req) 1.49c
1.5 Pu
BNF y
(42)
(43)
1. Dimensions:
m
2
2
2
(1)
35
2. Eccentricity:
e
(4)
N
22.0 in.
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2
N
16.0 in. 22.0 in.
19.0 in.
f
2
2
2
f e
16.0 in.
11.08 in. 19.08 in.
2
Y 19.0
(19.0)
2(130)(19.08)
61.2
(20)
30.0 K
7.50 K
4
(25)
Ft 59 1.9
T ub
o.k.
(26)
8.92 K
4.46 K
2
(27)
7.50 K
Required:
o.k.
Solution:
t p(req) 2.11
t p(req) 2.11
2.27 in.
2
(47)
36
1.72
2
2
2
(1)
(3)
3. Eccentricity:
e
700 in.-K
7.99 in.
87.6 K
(4)
N
14.0 in.
(10)
N
11.0 in. 14.0 in.
12.5 in.
2
2
2
11.0 in.
7.99 in. 13.49 in.
f e
2
Y 12.5
(12.5)
2(87.6)(13.49)
42.8
(20)
t p(req) 2.11
2.45 in.
2
t p(req) 2.11
(45)
(47)
37
38
d
e
f
fc
fp
fv
m
tf
tp
x