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3.044 Materials Processing: When Can We Neglect One and Focus On The Other?
3.044 Materials Processing: When Can We Neglect One and Focus On The Other?
Resistance:
10 >
LA
kA
> 0.1
LB
kB
Reduce Dimensionality:
T
= 2T : T (t, x, y, z)
x
1. Steady State
T
t =
0
2. No Thermal Gradients
T = 0, T = T (t) ONLY
T
= ....
LECTURE 3
1. T2 = Tf
2. @ x = L, specify flux:
W
heat[
]
m2
x s
h (T2 Tf ) the hotter the material is with
q =
respect
sx
to the fluid, the faster heat will
flow
W
heat transfer coeff.
[
]
2
m K
2T
= 0 =
t
x2
Step 1:
Solve
T T1
T T2 T1= xL, where
=
is unknown
Step 2:
B.C.
@ x= L
qcond =
qconv
T
= h(T2 Tf )
k
Step 3:
for T
Solve
T T1
x
T2 T1 = L
T = T1 +
(T2 Tf )
L
T
T T1
= 2
Plug into: k T = h(T2
Tf )
T2 T1
= h(T2 Tf )
L
.
.
kT1
hT + = h + k
L
L
f
k
T
Lf
=
T2
h + Lk
Plug into: T = T
L1 +
(T2 Tf )
.
.
k
T1 + hTf
x
L
T = T1 +
T1
k
L
h
+
.
.L
x h (T f T 1 )
T T1 =
T T1
Tf T1
hL
h
k
k
l
L
k
1
h
hL
Biot Number:
k
h + L.k
L .
hL
x
k
L 1 + hLx
.
.
= 1 h+k L
hLxL
where is conductive resistance
1 k
and is convective resistance
h
dimensionless, ratio of resistances
Generalize:
Imperfect
1. interfaces:
qin = qout
= h(T + T ),
2
1
where
resistance
h
= interface
Geometry:
2.
hL
What is L?
volume
L
, a characteristic dimension
surface area
Examples:
1. plate heated on one side: L = thickness
2. plate heated on both sides: L = half thickness
2
3. cylinder: R l = R
L=
2Rl
2
4
3
R R
4. sphere (or other 3D shape): L = 3
=
2
4R
3
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